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  • 2005-2009  (18)
  • 2005  (18)
  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport  (14)
  • Brook, Anne-Marie  (4)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (18)
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789282103548
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Railway Reform and Charges for the Use of Infrastructure
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: D’importants progrès ont été réalisés ces dernières années dans l’élaboration de redevances ferroviaires au niveau national. Des redevances ont été mises en place pour assurer un accès non discriminatoire aux réseaux de chemin de fer et favoriser l’utilisation efficace de ces réseaux. Il y manque toutefois en Europe la dimension internationale, en particulier pour le marché du fret. L’intégration des marchés européens devrait ouvrir des perspectives de croissance très prometteuses au transport ferroviaire de marchandises.L’objet de ce rapport est de faire le point sur les moyens de surmonter les obstacles à cette croissance, lesquels découlent des disparités qui existent dans les redevances payées par les opérateurs pour utiliser les réseaux ferroviaires nationaux. Ce rapport recommande de mettre en œuvre un barème de redevances simples pour le transport de marchandises.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789282103449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 629.25/3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Energy ; Transport
    Abstract: Studies show that cars use significantly more fuel per kilometre than suggested by official test ratings. This publication presents an analysis of the fuel efficiency gap and examines technologies available that could reduce that gap and improve fuel economy. It examines such areas as engine and transmission technologies, hybrid technologies, tyre inflation and technology, lubricants, and fuel-saving driver support devices. Together, these technologies could improve average on-road fuel economy by 10% or more at low or modest cost. Policies that could be used to encourage uptake of these technologies are also identified.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789282103524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme ferroviaire et tarification de l'usage des infrastructures
    DDC: 385
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Over the last few years, much progress has been made in developing rail charges to ensure non-discriminatory access to, and efficient use of national rail networks. But in Europe the international dimension is still missing, particularly in terms of the freight market. Integration of European markets should provide great opportunities for rail freight transport to grow. This report shows how barriers to this growth – arising from differences in the way trains pay to use national networks – can be overcome. It recommends moving to a set of simple charges for freight that create similar incentives for the management and planning of train operations across national borders.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789282103425
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.126
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books ; Europäische Union ; Flughafen ; Verkehrsknotenpunkt ; Luftfrachtverkehr ; Umschlag ; Hub-and-Spoke-System
    Abstract: Cette table ronde de la CEMT se compose de quatre articles : « Le marché européen du transport aérien et la multimodalité », « Le rôle des aéroports dans la chaîne de transport », « Systèmes aéroportuaires et connectivité », et « Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales – l’exemple de Heathrow, Londres ». Ces articles examinent comment les infrastructures de transport terrestre nécessaires pour que les aéroports offrent une connectivité multimodale efficace sont tributaires de la structure du marché du transport aérien et de son impact sur le réseau aéroportuaire.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La sûreté du transport intermodal de conteneurs
    DDC: 387.5442
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: After the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, it became apparent that maritime shipping containers themselves and their links with other modes represent potential security vulnerabilities. This report describes the complex, hybrid container transport system and the variety of actors involved. It then identifies potential areas of security weakness and provides recommendations for inland transport and maritime authorities to improve container security.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 175-205
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 44 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Challenges of Narrowing the US Current-Account Deficit and Implications for Other Economies
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 175-205
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le déficit de balance courante des États-Unis a récemment atteint son plus haut niveau historique – environ 5.2 pour cent du PIB – et, même s’il a légèrement baissé depuis, reste très élevé au regard de l’expérience passée (graphique 1). Un déficit de cette ampleur pour une économie d’une aussi grande dimension que celle des États-Unis absorbe une forte proportion de l’épargne mondiale, les actifs américains représentant de ce fait une part de plus en plus grande dans le portefeuille des investisseurs étrangers. À de nombreux égards, les États-Unis demeurent une destination attrayante pour l’investissement, mais on ne sait pas très bien jusqu’à quel point les étrangers continueront d’accumuler au rythme actuel les actions et obligations émises par des résidents des États-Unis1. Bien...
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 157-186
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les défis de la réduction du déficit de balance courante des États-Unis et conséquences pour les autres économies
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 157-186
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article uses the OECD’s interlink model to explore several possible channels through which a narrowing of the US current account deficit could occur. The shocks considered include dollar depreciation, fiscal consolidation, and an improvement in the non-price competitiveness of US producers. A key conclusion is that shocks would have to be very large in order to materially reduce the US external deficit, largely because of the offsetting impact of second-round effects. In addition...
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789282103487
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ECMT Annual Report 2004
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette brochure décrit les activités de la CEMT au cours de l'année 2004. Elle contient le texte des principaux documents approuvés par le Conseil des Ministres des Transports à Ljubljana et couvre : les événements majeurs de l'année, l'évolution des transports, les activités des groupes de travail de la CEMT, et les activités du CCRT. Elle comprend également un organigramme et le répertoire du personnel.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2004
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This brochure describes the activities of the ECMT during 2004. It also sets out the main documents approved by Ministers in Ljubljana and presents: the major events of the year, the latest trends in transport, the activities of the ECMT Working groups, and JTRC activities. It includes an organigramme and staff directory.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789282123423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.128
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes nationaux de planification des infrastructures de transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table discusses changes in national systems of transport infrastructure planning and the lessons for the further improvement of planning processes. It covers the following issues: the rationale of transport infrastructure planning and related reform needs, the decentralisation of planning institutions, reforms of planning and evaluation methods, reforms of infrastructure financing and pricing. This report contains background papers reporting on the national experiences of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.126
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aéroports ; des plaques tournantes multimodales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This ECMT Round Table features four papers: The European Market for Airline Transportation and Multimodalism, The Role of Airports in the Transport Chain, Airport Systems and Connectivity, and Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes - The Example of London Heathrow. These papers discuss how the requirements of ensuring efficient land transport connectivity depend on the market structure of the airline industry and its impact on the airport network.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des normes de performance pour le secteur routier
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines existing regulatory approaches and then explores how performance standards might be used to improve regulatory outcomes. Under a performance-based approach to regulation, standards would specify the performance required from vehicle operations rather than mandating how this level of performance is to be achieved. More flexible performance-based regulations provide for increased innovation and more rapid adoption of new technologies. The report explores the regulatory reform processes in some countries that have led to more direct, outcome-oriented approaches to regulating road transport vehicles.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.444
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: The Maastricht criteria for accession to the euro area can be difficult for any economy to achieve, not least because of the challenges posed by the “impossible trinity”, which suggests that it is not possible to target both a stable exchange rate and stable inflation at the same time as maintaining free capital mobility. But for poorer economies which are catching up to the living standards of the wealthier EMU members, the challenges are magnified. This is because economies with very high productivity growth may have larger Balassa-Samuelson effects, resulting in higher steady state inflation rates as well as gradually appreciating equilibrium real exchange rates. While some nominal appreciation is permitted during ERM-II membership, the rules do not make it easy to signal the magnitude of expected appreciation. This may lead to poorly anchored exchange rates, making the catching-up economies more vulnerable to the challenges of the impossible trinity. Moreover, countries that have recently introduced fully-funded pension pillars which involve high transition costs, may find it difficult to meet the Maastricht criteria for government finances. It is unclear whether recent changes to the Stability and Growth Pact will alleviate the short-term fiscal pressure on countries that have improved the long-term sustainability of their government finances at the cost of short-term deterioration to their fiscal deficits. The example of Slovakia is used to illustrate these points, and a number of policy guidelines are proposed to minimise the risks. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/slovakia).
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.448
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Slovakia’s fundamental tax reform of 2004 considerably improved the simplicity and efficiency of the tax system by eliminating exemptions and special regimes and setting the rates for the personal income tax (PIT), the corporate income tax (CIT) and the value added tax (VAT) all equal to 19%. This paper assesses the impact of this reform in the context of Slovakia's wider package of economic reforms. With respect to economic efficiency, the two key conclusions are as follows: First, the reforms are expected to improve both the level and efficiency of capital investment in Slovakia – although further improvements could be made by eliminating the double taxation on projects financed by retained profits. Second, the combination of the tax and social benefit reforms has enhanced the incentives for unemployed workers to seek work, which should result in higher labour supply. Labour demand should also have increased, thanks to the more flexible labour market. However, as overall taxes on labour remain high, labour demand for very low skilled workers may not pick up without further reforms to reduce the cost of employing such workers. With respect to equity considerations the assessment is less clear cut. On the one hand the flat personal income tax has benefited both low income earners and very high earners, particularly those with families, while middle-income earners, particularly single earners appear to be somewhat worse off. The increase in VAT and the welfare reform also have distributive effects. The net result of these reforms has been a significant cut in the real incomes of social beneficiaries who are not working. On the other hand, by raising labour productivity and reducing structural unemployment the reforms have the potential to benefit the low-skilled population also – provided other public policies are in place to facilitate this outcome. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/slovakia)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.127
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le temps et les transports
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table revisits the extended literature on the valuation of passenger time and discusses the under-researched topic of the value of time in freight transport. It assesses the increased value of time in international freight transport, given the trend towards globalisation. In particular, urban planners are concerned that an overvaluation of passenger time could give rise to excessive urban infrastructure investment which would induce low-density development of cities and urban sprawl. Transport policy measures that increase the speed and reliability of freight transport not only reduce its direct costs but have strong effects on inventory policies, logistics and even the location of firms. As recent empirical studies show, variations in time requirements for international transport, and increasingly short product and fashion cycles, have an influence on the pattern of foreign direct investment and international trade flows. Rational transport policy decision making has to take account of these indirect effects.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264008588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation économique des chaussées à longue durée de vie ; Phase 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic evaluation of long-life pavements
    DDC: 388.1/1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Straßenbau ; Baustoff ; Transport ; Straßenbaustoff ; Straßenoberbau ; Langlebigkeit ; Bewertung
    Abstract: With maintenance costs accounting for a large proportion of road budgets, this report assesses the economic and technical feasibility of innovative wearing courses for long life road pavements. While having higher initial costs, such wearing courses have the potential to dramatically reduce recurrent road maintenance requirements and user costs and could also reduce overall costs significantly, under circumstances outlined in the report.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789282103340
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Container Transport Security Across Modes
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Après les attentats terroristes du 11 septembre 2001, il est devenu évident que sur le plan de la sûreté, les conteneurs maritimes eux-mêmes et les nœuds de transbordement par lesquels ils transitent vers les autres modes de transport pouvaient être vulnérables. Ce rapport décrit la complexité et l’hybridité du système de transport de conteneurs ainsi que les divers acteurs concernés. Il identifie les zones potentielles de vulnérabilité et adresse des recommandations aux autorités chargées des transports terrestres et maritimes quant aux mesures susceptibles de renforcer la sûreté des conteneurs.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264008595
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Evaluation of Long-Life Pavements; Phase 1
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Les coûts d’entretien représentant une part importante des budgets routiers, ce rapport évalue la faisabilité économique et technique de couches de roulement innovantes pour des chaussées à longue durée de vie. Même avec des coûts initiaux plus élevés, ces couches de roulement pourraient contribuer à réduire considérablement les coûts d'entretien récurrents et les coûts pour l'usager, ainsi que les dépenses globales, sous certaines conditions exposées dans ce rapport.
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