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  • Borgonovi, Francesca  (6)
  • Blöndal, Jón R.  (2)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (8)
  • Austria  (6)
  • Singapore
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The demand for language skills in the European labour market : Evidence from online job vacancies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.294
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Netherlands ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper investigates the demand for language skills using data on online job vacancies in 27 European Union member countries and the United Kingdom in 2021. Evidence indicates that although Europe remains a linguistically diverse labour market, knowing English confers unique advantages in certain occupations. Across countries included in the analyses, a knowledge of English was explicitly required in 22% of all vacancies and English was the sixth most required skill overall. A knowledge of German, Spanish, French and Mandarin Chinese was explicitly demanded in between 1% and 2% of all vacancies. One in two positions advertised on line for managers or professionals required some knowledge of English, on average across European Union member countries and across OECD countries in the sample. This compares with only one in ten positions for skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and among elementary occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1a5abe0-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Not lost in translation : The implications of machine translation technologies for language professionals and for broader society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1d1d170-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Young people’s environmental sustainability competence : Emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.274
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the first in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The second paper is titled: ‘The environmental sustainability competence toolbox: From leaving a better planet to our children to leaving better children for our planet’.
    DOI: 10.1787/1097a78c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding how economic conditions and natural disasters shape environmental attitudes : A cross-country comparison to inform policy making (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.280
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye
    Abstract: Understanding adults’ attitudes towards the environment is necessary to gauge the opportunities and challenges of creating effective and politically-feasible climate policies. Using data from the Wellcome Global Monitor 2020, the European Social Survey (Round 8), World Values Survey and EM-DAT, this paper examines how adults’ environmental attitudes vary within and across countries and details how environmental attitudes are associated with adults’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviours and support for environmentally-friendly policies. The paper explores whether the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment over the state of the economy or vice versa depends on individuals’ exposure to natural disasters or negative labour market conditions. Results indicate that people’s economic vulnerability and the sectors they work in impact their attitudes towards their environment and support for public policy. Furthermore, the findings suggest that increases in unemployment and exposure to natural disasters influence the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e880ea2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Swimming skills around the world : Evidence on inequalities in life skills across and within countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.281
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hong Kong, China ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Being able to swim empowers individuals to make choices, have agency, and be free to choose core aspects of their life, such as working safely on or near water. It is also associated with lifelong health benefits and reduces the risk of drowning. Using data from the Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll 2019, this paper provides the first global estimates of adults’ ability to swim without assistance. Individuals in high-income countries are considerably more likely to report being able to swim without assistance than individuals in low-income countries. Disparities also exist within countries. In particular, women are less likely to be able to swim without assistance than men in virtually all countries, birth cohorts, and levels of education. Investing in reducing inequalities in life skills, such as swimming, can foster economic development and empowerment, especially in light of threats, such as climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c2c8862-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The environmental sustainability competence toolbox : From leaving a better planet for our children to leaving better children for our planet (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.275
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the second in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The first paper is titled ‘Young people’s environmental sustainability competence: Emotional, cognitive, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/27991ec0-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budgeting in Austria (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-37
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Governance ; Austria
    Abstract: This article discusses budgeting institutions, processes and practices at the federal level in Austria. Separate sections are devoted to the budget formulation process, the role of parliament, and various aspects of budget implementation and government management issues. Each section highlights the government’s reform agenda and current practices, and analyses the two vis-à-vis OECD best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v7-art14-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budgeting in Singapore (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 45-85
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 45-85
    Keywords: Governance ; Singapore
    Abstract: The public finance system of Singapore consists of four “pillars”: the budget sector itself; the Central Provident Fund; the government investment agencies; and various special funds not consolidated into the budget. The budget process is characterised by close interministerial co-operation and the use of constitutional fiscal rules, spending ceilings for ministries (“block budgets”), across-the-board budget extractions (spending cuts), endowment funds, central manpower controls, and continual underspending. Parliament has a limited role. The President of the Republic has an important role as “fiscal guardian”. The article describes these particular features of the Singapore budget process, and discusses other elements of budget implementation and government management such as the organisational structure of the government, the execution of budget appropriations, personnel management, financial management and reporting, and performance and results initiatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v6-art3-en
    URL: Volltext
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