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  • Criscuolo, Chiara  (19)
  • Beck, Hanno
  • Därr-Expeditionsservice
  • Arbeitspapier  (21)
  • Physische Geografie  (4)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 04
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper is a technical document, designed to serve as a reference document for subsequent papers arising out of MultiProd, a project of the Committee on Industry, Innovation and Entrepreneurship and the Working Party on Industry Analysis, aimed at studying productivity patterns across countries and over time. MultiProd provides harmonised micro-aggregated data of paramount importance for investigating the extent to which different policy frameworks can shape firm productivity and examining the way resources are allocated to more productive firms. The paper discusses the project’s main contributions in relation to the current literature, in particular how using micro-aggregated data can help policy-makers understand and measure the efficiency of resource allocation in the economy, the dependence of economic activity on a small number of large firms, and wage inequality.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 39 (May 2017)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides new evidence on the increasing dispersion in wages and productivity using novel micro-aggregated firm-level data from 16 countries. First, the report documents an increase in wage and productivity dispersions, for both manufacturing and market services. Second, it shows that these trends are driven by differences within rather than across sectors, and that the increase in dispersion is mainly driven by the bottom of the distribution, while divergence at the top occurs only in the service sector, and only after 2005. Third, it suggests that between-firm wage dispersion is linked to increasing differences between high and low productivity firms. Fourth, it suggests that both globalisation and digitalisation imply higher wage divergence, but strengthen the link between productivity and wage dispersion. Finally, it investigates the impact of minimum wage, employment protection legislation, trade union density, and coordination in wage setting on wage dispersion and its link to productivity dispersion.
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    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 29
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides new cross-country evidence on the links between national policies and the growth patterns of start-ups. In particular, it compares for the first time the heterogeneous effects of national policies on entrants and incumbents, within the same country, industry, and time period. A number of key facts emerge. First, start-ups in volatile sectors and in sectors that exhibit higher growth dispersion are significantly more exposed to national policies than start-ups in other sectors. Second, start-ups are systematically more exposed than incumbents to the policy environment and national framework conditions. Third, the results suggest that timely bankruptcy procedures and strong contract enforcement are key to establishing a dynamic start-up environment.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 27
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Steuervergünstigung ; Innovation ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Public policy has an important role to play in promoting research and development (R&D) the development, diffusion, and use of new knowledge and innovations. Fiscal incentives, including tax policies, should be directed at specific barriers, impediments or synergies to facilitate the desired level of investment in R&D and innovations. Without careful design, policies can have unintended consequences such as favouring incumbent firms, encouraging small firms to undertake less efficient activities, or creating arbitrage and rent-seeking activity. R&D tax policy needs to be considered in the context of the country’s general tax policies, its broader innovation policy mix and its other R&D support policies. More R&D activity in one country does not necessarily result in an overall increase in global innovation if it is simply shifted from another country. More research is needed to determine the extent to which R&D fiscal incentives in one country increase overall R&D, the quality of that R&D, and its positive spillovers to other sectors of the economy and other countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 05 (November 2016)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: firm dynamics ; regulation ; knowledge diffusion ; technological change ; productivity ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In this paper, we aim to bring the debate on the global productivity slowdown – which has largely been conducted from a macroeconomic perspective – to a more micro-level. We show that a particularly striking feature of the productivity slowdown is not so much a lower productivity growth at the global frontier, but rather rising labour productivity at the global frontier coupled with an increasing labour productivity divergence between the global frontier and laggard (non-frontier) firms. This productivity divergence remains after controlling for differences in capital deepening and mark-up behaviour, suggesting that divergence in measured multi-factor productivity (MFP) may in fact reflect technological divergence in a broad sense. This divergence could plausibly reflect the potential for structural changes in the global economy – namely digitalisation, globalisation and the rising importance of tacit knowledge – to fuel rapid productivity gains at the global frontier. Yet, aggregate MFP performance was significantly weaker in industries where MFP divergence was more pronounced, suggesting that the divergence observed is not solely driven by frontier firms pushing the boundary outward. We contend that increasing MFP divergence – and the global productivity slowdown more generally – could reflect a slowdown in the diffusion process. This could be a reflection of increasing costs for laggard firms of moving from an economy based on production to one based on ideas. But it could also be symptomatic of rising entry barriers and a decline in the contestability of markets. We find the rise in MFP divergence to be much more extreme in sectors where pro-competitive product market reforms were least extensive, suggesting that policy weaknesses may be stifling diffusion in OECD economies.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 32
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This policy paper provides an overview of OECD work on measuring the extent and impact of public support for R&D through tax incentives. It discusses the policy rationale for tax incentives in the broader context of public support for business R&D, describing the main features of different modes of expenditure-based tax relief for R&D. It presents evidence on how much financial support is provided through tax incentives, how this has evolved in recent years and the variation in implied R&D tax subsidy rates across OECD countries and partner economies. The document also reviews empirical evidence on the impact of tax incentives, covering in detail different categories of impacts including potentially unintended effects. It further includes evidence on the use and impacts of income-based R&D tax incentives. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the main policy recommendations contained in key OECD policy documents and highlights future measurement and analytical work planned in this area.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2016, 06
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Schottland ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This review summarises existing studies evaluating the impact of apprenticeships on individuals and firms and provides a brief overview of relevant evaluations in three related policy areas: education; active labour market programmes; and private on-the-job training. Based on the reviewed literature, it draws a number of lessons that are relevant for evaluating apprenticeship programmes in OECD member countries, such as the Modern Apprenticeships in Scotland. First, rigorous evaluation depends on the existence of suitable, high-quality data. Second, the measured effects of apprenticeships depend on the time elapsed since the end of the training period. Third, the outcomes most commonly examined in the existing literature are wages and the probability of employment. Fourth, it is important to employ methods that take into account not only observed but also unobserved individual characteristics. Finally, comparing apprentices to different “control groups” might provide different and complementary evidence on the impact of apprenticeships.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 35 (December 2016)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This evaluation framework sets out recommendations for evaluating Modern Apprenticeships in Scotland. It discusses the evaluation activities to carry out, the outcomes to examine, the data to use and the methods to apply. It also sets the recommendations in a broader context by introducing activities and guiding principles related to evaluating public interventions and by briefly summarising relevant literature. The report describes a long-term evaluation strategy to be followed once required links between administrative datasets are put in place, and it also outlines the steps that should be made already in the short and medium term to facilitate the data linkage and to exploit data that are more readily available. The report emphasises the crucial role of formulating an ex-ante evaluation strategy in enabling high-quality and cost-effective evaluation.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2015/06
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides a description of start-up dynamics exploiting the richness of the recently collected DynEmp v.2 database. The contribution of new firms in terms of new jobs to the existing workforce can be expressed as a combination of four different elements: the start-up rate; the average size of firms at point of entry; the survival rate; and the average growth rate of survivors. This decomposition shows that the four elements interplay in very different ways, even across economies with similar aggregate start-up contributions. The most homogenous component across countries is the survival rate, which is equal to just above 60% after three years from entry, to about 50% after five years, and to just over 40% after seven years. Furthermore, in most countries the probability of exiting is highest at the age of two, and decreases (linearly) beyond that age. When looking at employment growth of surviving businesses, it is found that the large majority of surviving micro start-ups do not grow; however, the tiny proportion of small start-ups which do grow creates a disproportionate amount of jobs.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 02
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Technische Effizienz ; Allokation ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Mikrodaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses the characteristics of firms that operate at the global productivity frontier and their relationship with other firms in the economy, focusing on the diffusion of global productivity gains and the policies that faciliate it. Firms at the global productivity frontier – defined as the most productive firms in each two-digit industry across 23 countries – are typically larger, more profitable, younger and more likely to patent and be part of a multinational group than other firms. Despite the slowdown in aggregate productivity, productivity growth at the global frontier remained robust over the 2000s. At the same time, the rising productivity gap between the global frontier and other firms raises key questions about why seemingly non-rival technologies do not diffuse to all firms. The analysis reveals a highly uneven process of technological diffusion, which is consistent with a model whereby global frontier technologies only diffuse to laggards once they are adapted to country-specific circumstances by the most productive firms within each country (i.e. national frontier firms). This motivates an analysis of the sources of differences in the productivity and size of national frontier firms vis-à-vis the global frontier and the catch-up of laggard firms to the national productivity frontier. Econometric analysis suggests that well-designed framework policies can aid productivity diffusion by sharpening firms’ incentives for technological adoption and by promoting a market environment that reallocates resources to the most productive firms. There is also a role for R&D tax incentives, business-university R&D collaboration and patent protection but trade-offs emerge which can inform the design of innovation-specific policies.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Mikrodaten ; Datenverarbeitung ; Software ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper introduces a new Stata® command, dynemp, which implements a distributed micro-data analysis of business and employment dynamics and firm demographics. The data source it requires are business registers or comparable firm- or establishment- level longitudinal databases which cover the (near-) universe of companies in all business sectors. Access to such confidential data is usually restricted and the micro-level data cannot be brought together to a single platform for cross-country analysis. To solve this confidentiality problem while also maintaining a high level of harmonisation of the key economic concepts (gross job flows, growth rates of employment, definition of high-growth firms, etc.), dynemp can be distributed in a network of researchers who have access to the national confidential microdata. In such manner, the rich firm-level employment dynamics can be analysed from new angles (such as firm age and size), significantly expanding the scope of the analysis insofar possible using more aggregated data.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2010 ; Öko-Produkt ; Risikokapital ; Umweltpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Start-up firms play a crucial role in bringing to the market the innovations needed to move to a greener growth path. Risk finance is essential for allowing new ventures to commercialise new ideas and grow, especially in emerging sectors. Still, very little is known about the drivers and the characteristics of risk finance in the green sector. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed description of risk finance in the green sector across 29 OECD and BRIICS countries over the period 2005-2010 and identifying the role that policies might have in shaping high-growth investments in this sector. Results are drawn from a comprehensive deal-level database of businesses seeking financing in the green industry combined with indicators of renewable policies and government R&D expenditures. The results suggest that both supply-side policies and environmental deployment policies, designed with a long-term perspective of creating a market for environmental technologies, are associated with higher levels of risk finance relative to more short-term fiscal policies, such as tax incentives and rebates. In addition, when focusing on renewable energy generation, the results confirm the positive association of generous feed-in tariffs (FITs) with risk-finance investment. However in the solar sector excessively generous FITs tend to discourage investment.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1127
    Keywords: 2003 - 2010 ; Innovation ; Patent ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper exploits longitudinal data on firm performance and patenting activity for 23 OECD countries over the period 2003-2010 to explore the extent to which changes in the patent stock are associated with flows of capital and labour to patenting firms. While the finding that patenting is associated with real changes in economic activity at the firm level is in line with recent literature, new empirical evidence presented suggests that the impact of patenting on firm size is likely to be causal. Moreover, these data reveal important differences across OECD countries in the extent to which innovative firms can attract the complementary tangible resources that are required to implement and commercialise new ideas. In turn, the contribution of framework policies to explaining the observed cross-country differences in the magnitude of these flows is explored. While further research is required to establish causality, the results are consistent with the idea that well-functioning product, labour and capital markets; efficient judicial systems and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the returns to innovative activity. The paper also investigates the heterogeneous impacts of policies and finds that young firms – which are more likely to experiment with disruptive technologies and rely on external financing to implement and commercialise their ideas – disproportionately benefit from reforms to labour markets and more developed markets for credit and seed and early stage finance.
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Portfolio-Management ; Übernahme ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources worldwide over 2005-2011. The results suggests that FITs encourage more diversified M&A than RECs. With respect to foreign investment, the study finds a linear relationship between FITs and cross-border M&As in the wind energy sector, but an inverted U-shaped relationship in the solar energy sector. One possible explanation for the latter may lie in reduced policy credibility due to the public finance implications of ‘generous’ FITs. Another possible explanation for this finding concerns the use of high solar FITs by countries whose natural conditions provide little comparative advantage in solar energy, suggesting that low profitability and limited potential of solar energy in those countries might have deterred the entry of foreign investors.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 14
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 4
    Keywords: Immaterielle Werte ; Investitionsentscheidung ; Innovation ; Allokation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Investment in knowledge-based capital (KBC) – assets that have no physical embodiment, such as computerised information, innovative property and economic competencies – has been rising significantly. This has implications for innovation and productivity growth and requires new thinking on policy. The returns to investing in KBC differ significantly across countries and are partly shaped by structural policies, which influence the ability of national economies to reallocate scarce resources to firms that invest in KBC. In this regard, well-functioning product, labour and venture capital markets and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the expected returns to investing in KBC by improving the efficiency of resource allocation. While structural reforms offer the most cost-effective approach to raising investment in KBC, there is a role for innovation policies to raise private investment in KBC towards socially optimal levels. Indeed, R&D tax incentives and, as a finding that contrasts with previous research, direct support measures can be effective, but design features are crucial in order to minimise the fiscal cost and unintended consequences of such policies. Well-defined intellectual property rights (IPR) are also important to provide firms with the incentive to innovate and to promote knowledge diffusion via the public disclosure of ideas. However, such IPR regimes need to be coupled with pro-competition policies to ensure maximum effect while the rising costs of the patent system in emerging KBC sectors may have altered the trade-off inherent to IPR between the incentives to innovate and the broad diffusion of knowledge.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 91 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 1
    Keywords: Unternehmenswachstum ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Arbeitsrecht ; Arbeitsschutz ; Finanzsystem ; Industrieländer ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Differences in the dynamisms of economies are persistent. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence documenting these large cross-country differences, our understanding of what drives them is still rather limited. This paper seeks to help close this gap. Using unique data for ten countries the analysis sheds light on the factors that shape the distribution of firm growth and on what role policies play in driving cross-country differences. The paper provides new evidence on the link of labour market regulation, bankruptcy legislation, financial market development and R&D support policies with growth dynamics. The study goes beyond looking at differences in average growth rates as it analyses changes in the whole distribution of firms.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2013/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Patent ; Qualität ; Messung ; Theorie ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work contributes to the definition and measurement of patent quality. It proposes a wide array of indicators capturing the technological and economic value of patented inventions, and the possible impact that these might have on subsequent technological developments. The measures proposed build extensively upon recent literature, rely on information contained in the patent documents, and are calculated on patent cohorts defined by the combination of the technology field and the year of filing of patents. This is done to account for possible time- and technology-related shocks. The description of the indicators is accompanied by statistics compiled on patents from the European Patent Office, as well as tests aimed at addressing the sensitivity of the measures to alternative specifications and the correlations that may exist among them. The indicators proposed, which can be constructed on all patents, have the advantage of relying on a homogeneous set of information and of being comparable across countries and over time. To facilitate their compilation on data from other Intellectual Property (IP) offices, the SQL-based program codes used to calculate the indicators are also supplied. The paper is further accompanied by a dataset – to be obtained upon request – containing the indicators calculated on EPO patent documents published during the period 1978-2012, as well as some cohort specific statistics (i.e. main moments and key percentiles).
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1046
    Keywords: Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Allokation ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Investment in knowledge-based capital (KBC) – assets that lack physical embodiment, such as computerised information, innovative property and economic competencies – has been rising significantly. This has implications for innovation and productivity growth and requires new thinking on policy. The returns to investing in KBC differ significantly across countries and are partly shaped by structural policies, which influence the ability of economies to reallocate scarce resources to firms that invest in KBC. Well-functioning product, labour and venture capital markets and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the expected returns to investing in KBC by improving the efficiency of resource allocation. While structural reforms offer the most cost-effective approach to raising investment in KBC, there is a role for innovation policies to raise private investment in KBC towards the socially optimal level(s). Indeed, R&D tax incentives and, as a finding that contrasts with previous research, direct support measures can be effective, but design features are crucial in order to minimise the fiscal cost and unintended consequences of such policies. Welldefined intellectual property rights (IPR) are also important to provide firms with the incentive to innovate and to promote knowledge diffusion via the public disclosure of ideas. However, such IPR regimes need to be coupled with pro-competition policies to ensure maximum effect while the rising costs of the patent system in emerging KBC sectors may have altered the trade-off inherent to IPR between the incentives to innovate and the broad diffusion of knowledge.
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  • 20
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 S.)
    Series Statement: Beiträge der Hochschule Pforzheim 132
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Beck, Hanno, 1966 - Gescheiterte Diäten, Wucherzinsen und Warteprämien
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Diskontierung ; Zeitkonsistenz ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Verbraucherpolitik ; Theorie ; discounted utility model ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Zeit ; Zeitinkonsistenz ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Wirtschaftstheorie
    Abstract: Der Faktor Zeit spielt in der ökonomischen Theorie eine wichtige Rolle - intertemporale Entscheidungen sind in allen Bereichen der Wirtschaftstheorie und -politik relevant. In der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle stützt man sich dabei auf das sogenannte Discounted-utility-Modell (DU-Modell), in dem alle zukünftigen Kosten und Erträge mit einem einheitlichen Zinssatz auf die Gegenwart abgezinst werden. Dieses Modell sieht sich allerdings heftiger Kritik ausgesetzt: So zeigen Experimente, dass viele Verhaltensweisen, die Menschen an den Tag legen, sich nicht mit dem DU-Modell vereinbaren lassen. Menschen verwenden je nach Entscheidungssituation unterschiedliche Zinssätze, die auch negativ sein können, sie haben eine Vorliebe für steigende Konsumprofile und legen zeitinkonsistentes Verhalten an den Tag. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert diese Anomalien und zeigt auf, welche wirtschaftspolitischen Konsequenzen daraus erwachsen.
    Abstract: The so-called discounted-utility-model (DU-model) is the gold-standard of economic theory: confronted with intertemporal decicions, people discount future costs and payments with a single interest rate and maximize their utility by choosing the option with the highest net present value. In the last decade, however, there has been a lot of empirical research on intertemporal choice, much of it addressing the descriptive validity of the DU model. It has been shown that the DU-Model may not be an adequate description of human behavior as it can be observed in reality: People discount utility from different sources at different rates, they have a preference for increasing consumption profiles and they show time-inconsistent behaviour. This article discusses some of these anomalies and shows the implications for economic policy and policy-makers.
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  • 21
    Language: German
    Pages: 15 Bl.
    Series Statement: Beiträge der Hochschule Pforzheim 132
    Series Statement: Beiträge der Hochschule Pforzheim
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Beck, Hanno, 1966 - Gescheiterte Diäten, Wucherzinsen und Warteprämien
    RVK:
    Keywords: Diskontierung ; Zeitkonsistenz ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Verbraucherpolitik ; Theorie ; discounted utility model ; Arbeitspapier ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Arbeitspapier ; Zeit ; Zeitinkonsistenz ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Wirtschaftstheorie
    Note: Literaturverz , Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
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  • 22
    ISBN: 3534031067
    Language: German
    Pages: VI, 215 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft 40,6
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft 40
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1809-1845 ; Physische Geografie ; Quelle ; Physische Geografie ; Geschichte 1809-1845 ; Quelle
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  • 23
    ISBN: 3871030295 , 3871030309
    Language: German
    Pages: 63 S. , Ill.
    Additional Material: 5 Beil.
    Series Statement: Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Geographie und der Reisen 15
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft 36
    Series Statement: Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Geographie und der Reisen
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft
    DDC: 912
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    Keywords: Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 〈1749-1832〉 ; Humboldt, Alexander von 〈1769-1859〉 ; Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von ; Humboldt, Alexander von ; Geschichte 1803-1807 ; Phytogeography ; Geografie ; Physische Geografie ; Quelle ; Pflanzengeografie ; Landschaft ; Tropen ; Anden ; Bildband ; Bildband ; Bildband ; Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 1749-1832 ; Humboldt, Alexander von 1769-1859 ; Pflanzengeografie ; Tropen ; Humboldt, Alexander von 1769-1859 ; Tropen ; Pflanzengeografie ; Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 1749-1832 ; Landschaft ; Geografie ; Anden ; Physische Geografie ; Geschichte 1803-1807 ; Quelle
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  • 24
    ISBN: 387103018X
    Language: German
    Pages: XXX, 453 S.
    Series Statement: Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Geographie und der Reisen 12
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft 20
    Series Statement: Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Geographie und der Reisen
    Series Statement: Humboldt-Gesellschaft für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung: Forschungsunternehmen der Humboldt-Gesellschaft
    DDC: 500
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1850 ; Physische Geografie ; Naturgeschichte ; Quelle ; Quelle ; Quelle ; Naturgeschichte ; Physische Geografie ; Geschichte 1850
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  • 25
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: Physische Geografie ; Topografie
    Note: Kartennetze zu den Sowjetischen Generalstabskarten im Internet unter: http://www.daerr.de Karten in kyrill. Schr., russ , In kyrill. Schrift, russ.
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