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  • OECD  (1,634)
  • Appelt, Silvia
  • Yamano, Norihiko
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (1,605)
  • [Paris] : OECD Publishing  (44)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Finance and Investment  (880)
  • Science and Technology  (802)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    2023 OECD Digital Government Index : Results and key findings (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/1a89ed5e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Keywords: Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
    DOI: 10.1787/18f04007-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264830257 , 9789264594883 , 9789264520448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; ECOWAS-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/654e2de5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264740976 , 9789264649675 , 9789264589469
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Los Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de la República Dominicana presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia en los últimos años y evalúa la eficacia de su actual legislación y política de competencia. El examen proporciona recomendaciones para ayudar a la República Dominicana a fortalecer su régimen de competencia y sus instituciones, desarrolladas y discutidas en el examen inter-pares llevado a cabo durante el Foro de Competencia de América Latina y el Caribe OCDE-BID 2023.
    DOI: 10.1787/82adc1ba-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264336605 , 9789264914346 , 9789264376571
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: La Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) offre un marché aussi vaste que diversifié de plus de 400 millions d’habitants, richement doté en ressources naturelles, qui pourtant ne tire pas actuellement pleinement avantage de son potentiel en tant que destination de l’investissement international. Les afflux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) dans la région ont diminué avec le temps, et n’ont pas toujours tenu leurs promesses en termes de promotion du développement durable. Le présent rapport pose un diagnostic de départ pour pouvoir amorcer une exploration des moyens de redynamiser l’effort de réforme des conditions d’investissement dans les pays de la CEDEAO, tout en améliorant les résultats produits par l’investissement sur le plan du développement durable. Il recense également les domaines dans lesquels le renforcement de la collaboration entre la CEDEAO et l’OCDE pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions d’investissement dans l’ensemble de la région. À partir du Cadre d’action de l’OCDE pour l’investissement et de la Boîte à outils des politiques relatives aux qualités de l’IDE, le rapport couvre le cadre réglementaire national qui sous-tend la législation nationale sur l’investissement et l’articulation entre ce cadre et les initiatives engagées au niveau régional, la promotion et la facilitation de l’investissement, les incitations à l’investissement, l’investissement pour une croissance verte, et enfin la conduite responsable des entreprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/917e8392-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consumer Finance Risk Monitor (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/047b2ea6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of the Philippines (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a13719d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production transformation policy review of Bangladesh : investing in the future of a trading nation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b925b06-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Best Practices for Gender Budgeting (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents best practices for gender budgeting in OECD countries, consisting of the core features common to successful implementation of gender budgeting. These best practices identify elements that contribute to the sustainability of gender budgeting and help governments ensure that the budget helps achieve broader government objectives relating to gender equality, such as women’s participation in the labour market. The best practices draw on gender budgeting practices in Member countries and the OECD’s work with countries in designing and implementing gender budgeting.
    DOI: 10.1787/9574ed6f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Costing policy proposals: Guidelines for independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides good-practice guidelines for parliamentary budget officials and independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) that estimate the costs of policy proposals. It covers topics including which costs to capture, how to handle behavioural responses and macroeconomic feedback, how to communicate results, and how to work with stakeholders. It also contains a section on the special considerations for costing election platforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/4e5cd3db-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Best Practices for Gender Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Ce document présente les bonnes pratiques en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays de l'OCDE, qui regroupent les éléments essentiels communs nécessaires à une mise en œuvre réussie d’une budgétisation sensible au genre. Ces bonnes pratiques identifient les éléments qui contribuent à la durabilité de la budgétisation sensible au genre et aident les gouvernements à s'assurer que le budget participe à la réalisation d'objectifs plus larges liés à l'égalité des genres, tels que la participation des femmes au marché du travail. Les bonnes pratiques s'inspirent des pratiques de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays membres de l’OCDE ainsi que des travaux menés avec les pays pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de la budgétisation sensible au genre.
    DOI: 10.1787/78a7e5f7-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Best Practices for Parliaments in Budgeting (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Legislatures’ “power of the purse”, the ability to tax and spend public money, is enshrined in constitutions worldwide as a cornerstone of legislative power in democratic countries. Their role across the budget cycle is a fundamentally important national concern, lying at the heart of issues such as transparency, inclusiveness and democratic accountability. Despite different historical, constitutional, and political contexts, common features for parliaments to play an effective role in budgeting have emerged from experiences across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/33109e15-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Five Countries : Insights from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fd44e6c-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FDI Qualities Review of Austria : Closing Gender Gaps and Empowering Women (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264983656 , 9789264682351 , 9789264623255
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung ; Lohnstruktur ; Gleichberechtigung ; Österreich ; Finance and Investment ; Austria
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Austria provides the knowledge and financial resources needed to stimulate the economy and sustainable development. In addition, the activities and employment practices of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises influence the creation and quality of jobs, including for women. This report asseses gender equality and women's empowerment in the Austrian labour market. It then examines the impact of FDI on several dimensions of gender equality, including employment, wages, skills development, career progression and entrepreneurship. It also briefly explores areas for policy consideration.
    DOI: 10.1787/fc785be5-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data portability in open banking : Privacy and other cross-cutting issues (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.348
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Open banking allows users to access financial information and services through consent-based data portability. This paper brings together the views of private and public experts from a wide variety of countries to explore opportunities and challenges of open banking for financial regulation, privacy protection, and competition. It discusses the different approaches taken by jurisdictions across the globe, and the importance of regulation and standards. While open banking empowers users in sharing and re-using their data across digital services, online platforms, sectors and borders, uncertainty in the interactions with data protection and privacy regimes remains challenging. This paper informs OECD work to consider how cross-sectoral cooperation between financial, competition and data protection authorities could help further open banking.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c872949-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Public Governance of Anticipatory Innovation Ecosystems in Latvia : Exploring Applications in Key Sectors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264779563 , 9789264963900 , 9789264706507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: This report presents a case study of applying the OECD anticipatory innovation governance framework to develop and manage anticipatory innovation ecosystems as vehicles for knowledge generation, innovation governance and co-ordinated action to achieve policy goals. Part I establishes the case for anticipatory innovation ecosystems and sets out how they can be governed through a multi-level approach. In Part II, opportunities and challenges for applying this approach in the Latvian context are identified, and recommendations are made for developing anticipatory innovation ecosystems in Latvia.
    DOI: 10.1787/83170d2e-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Generative artificial intelligence in finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.9
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration in the pace of AI innovation in recent years and the advent of content generating capabilities (Generative AI or GenAI) have increased interest in AI innovation in finance, in part due to the user-friendliness and intuitive interface of GenAI tools. The use of AI in financial markets involving full end-to-end automation without any human intervention remains largely at development phase, but its wider deployment could amplify risks already present in financial markets and give rise to new challenges. This paper presents recent evolutions in AI in finance and potential risks and discusses whether policy makers may need to reinforce policies and strengthen protection against these risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac7149cc-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing net-zero metrics for financial institutions : Supporting the monitoring of financial institutions’ commitments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.37
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Financial markets need clear information and credible metrics to inform climate-related investment and financing decisions. This report explores key challenges and opportunities related to the transparency, specificity and integrity of metrics to support the monitoring of financial institutions’ net-zero commitments. It provides an assessment of metrics put forward in five voluntary frameworks, identifies the type of information and metrics proposed, their common themes and gaps, as well as limitations in underlying methodological guidance that may hinder financial institutions’ ability to report and disclose metrics. The report highlights a need both for continued efforts to develop robust metrics and incentivise improved data disclosure, as well as for international co-operation to reduce fragmentation and provide further transparency on the scope of metrics and underlying methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/dedcfe56-en
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    Towards balanced regional attractiveness in Ireland : Enhancing the delivery of the National Planning Framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.62
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Ireland
    Abstract: Ireland is highly centralised and fast growing, creating co-ordination challenges in terms of delivering key investments and in key policy areas like transport, housing and education. Actors across levels of government recognise a need for a more coordinated approach to the delivery of the National Planning Framework, the principal spatial planning strategy of Project Ireland 2040, which includes also the National Development Plan (public investment).The report has three objectives which ultimately aim to support more balanced regional outcomes in Ireland: i) to clarify the gaps in terms of regional attractiveness across and within Ireland’s regions, including in terms of population and investment attraction; ii) to assess the ability for the National Planning Framework – in its current form – to address these gaps, and iii) to consider what multi-level governance reforms and attractiveness policies can be introduced or scaled to generate more territorially-balanced development.
    DOI: 10.1787/3df116ad-en
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    OECD/INFE 2023 International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.39
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Understanding current levels of financial literacy and needs is key for the effective development of financial literacy strategies and programmes. This report presents the results of an international survey of financial literacy levels among adults. A total of 39 countries and economies, of which 20 are OECD member countries, participated in this third coordinated measurement exercise using the globally recognized OECD/INFE 2022 Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion to measure financial literacy levels among their adult populations. Results provide information about financial literacy levels and cover aspects of financial knowledge, financial behaviour and financial attitudes. In addition, the report provides information on financial inclusion, digital financial literacy levels and levels of financial well-being among adults in the participating countries and economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/56003a32-en
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  • 23
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    Income-based tax relief for R&D and innovation : An integrated view (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.161
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document provides an integrated view on income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation. It brings together the latest evidence on the adoption, design, generosity, cost and take-up of income-based tax incentives, and gives new insights into both the long-term and short-term trends in the take-up of income-based tax incentives by business and their cost to governments, including role of policy design changes. Furthermore, the report explores the scope for developing indicators that provide a more complete picture of the value of expenditure- and income-based tax relief for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond.
    DOI: 10.1787/2db44e8b-en
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  • 24
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    Financing SMEs for sustainability – Financial institution strategies and approaches : Results of an OECD survey of public and private financial institutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.46
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Banks and other financial institutions have a central role to play in supporting the net zero transition of the business sector and its millions of SMEs. They are working to integrate climate considerations in various aspects of their operations, including strategy, management and financial products. This calls for the development of new internal capacities and access to SME sustainability data and assessments which are currently difficult to obtain. This policy paper presents the findings of a 2023 survey of public development banks and private financial institutions, conducted by the by the OECD Platform on Financing SMEs for Sustainability. It provides insights on financial institutions' current approaches and plans for the integration of climate considerations in their SME operations. It also provides information on the offer of finance and non-financial support for SMEs’ net zero investments and on related SME climate-related data requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/b3fe3647-en
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  • 25
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    Leveraging technology in insurance to enhance risk assessment and policyholder risk reduction (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.38
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper examines the potential role of emerging technologies and innovation in enhancing risk assessment and encouraging policyholder risk reduction, including: an overview of potential applications of new technologies to risk assessment and risk reduction; an assessment of potential challenges to technology adoption (including regulatory challenges), and; set of potential good practices for creating an enabling environment that supports the use of technology in risk assessment and encouraging risk reduction.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f5c18ac-en
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    Improving transparency of incentives for investment facilitation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.35
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper makes the case for greater transparency of investment incentives and explores how governments can enhance transparency of these measures, notably for investment facilitation purposes. It proposes three overarching principles of transparency that can be used to better inform policy design: availability, accessibility and clarity of information. It also sets out a framework and typology to understand the scope of incentives offered in a country and identify what information could support transparency, drawing on data on the use and level of transparency of incentives (including tax, financial and in-kind benefits) in a sample of 15 developing economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab40a2f1-en
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  • 27
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    OECD framework for mapping and quantifying government support for business innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.160
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper resents a measurement framework aiming to support the collection of comprehensive and internationally comparable quantitative and qualitative information on governmental innovation support programmes and instruments. It proposes a taxonomic system with definitions, classifications and reporting conventions aligned with OECD and other international standards. The framework is intended to support future OECD measurement efforts in this area and the analysis of innovation support portfolios within and across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/f30547e7-en
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  • 28
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    Best practices in investment promotion : An overview of regional state aid and special economic zones in Europe (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.27
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Sonderwirtschaftszone ; EU-Recht ; EU-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper assesses good practices and lessons learned in investment promotion in European Union (EU) Member States. It focuses on two specific areas of investment promotion: state aid for regional development under EU law and special economic zone frameworks. It provides an overview of the concept of state aid and compatibility of regional aid with the internal market, as well as lessons learned from the case law determining the existence of state aid in regional development measures. It also outlines the calculation of the gross grant equivalent of state aid. The paper explores special economic zone policies, identifies success factors and describes the complementary framework conditions to maximise their spillover effects on local economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c8e6ca3-en
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  • 29
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    OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The "OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights" document SME and entrepreneurship financing trends, conditions and policy developments. The report provides official data on SME financing in close to 50 countries, including indicators on debt, equity, asset-based finance and financing conditions. Data for 2021 are complemented by available information for 2022, along with demand-side information and recent developments in public policy and private initiatives to support SME finance. Findings reveal that most economies showed the beginnings of a dynamic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis in 2021. However, data available for 2022 point to a deterioration in a number of SME finance indicators, due to high inflation and rising interest rates, exacerbated by the effects of Russia's war against Ukraine. These factors are impacting the accessibility and cost of debt finance for SMEs, and foreshadow a slowdown in lending. Likewise, equity finance showed a significant decline in 2022. In this context, governments should continue to foster the diversification of SME financing instruments and channels to enable them to build resilience and undertake crucial investments, such as those in digitalisation and greening.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d13e55-en
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    Improving the Landscape for Sustainable Infrastructure Financing (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264893757 , 9789264284593 , 9789264720800
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report examines how to promote sustainable infrastructure investment. It discusses data needs for infrastructure investment and the current environment, social and governance (ESG) approaches before offering policy recommendations to help ensure that investors are better equipped to make investment decisions related to infrastructure assets. The report explores legal and regulatory barriers to quality infrastructure investment, and considers how governments can help infrastructure actors promote quality infrastructure projects, ensure project objectives and reporting correspond with investor expectations, and how to mobilise funding and financing for inclusive and quality infrastructure investment in both regions and cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc2757cd-en
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    Policy Toolkit for Strengthening FDI and SME Linkages (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264476417 , 9789264527607 , 9789264551015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Strengthening linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is important to boost productivity and innovation across countries and regions in the OECD and beyond. This policy toolkit offers policy advice to national and subnational governments on how to increase knowledge and technology benefits from FDI on domestic SMEs and the local economy. It presents a conceptual framework for understanding the main enabling conditions and diffusion channels of FDI-SME linkages and spillovers, and a set of diagnostic tools to assess the spillover potential. It also provides an assessment tool for policy and institutional frameworks enabling FDI-SME linkages. This toolkit benefits from insights of a pilot mapping of policy initiatives across the 27 EU Member States, which are described in the second part of the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/688bde9a-en
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    Mortality and the Provision of Retirement Income (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264947542 , 9789264615601 , 9789264852402
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Sterblichkeit ; Altersvorsorge ; Rentenpolitik ; Rentenfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report analyses the development of mortality assumptions to build mortality tables to better protect retirement income provision. Mortality assumptions are necessary to ensure the sustainability of lifetime incomes. It explores considerations and traditional approaches for developing mortality tables, as well as provides an international overview of longevity trends and drivers over the last several decades, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report also details the standard mortality tables developed across OECD member countries and offers guidelines to assist regulators and supervisors in assessing whether the mortality assumptions and tables used in the context of retirement income provision are appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/a10a6c09-en
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    The intergovernmental fiscal outlook and the implications of Russia’s war against Ukraine, high energy prices and inflation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.42
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Kriegsfolgen ; Energiepreis ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Less than two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of aggression against Ukraine has triggered the biggest military confrontation in Europe since World War II. Many OECD countries have reacted to Russia’s aggression by providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine and by imposing economic sanctions on Russia, which has accentuated supply chain disruptions, especially in the energy sector. A combination of these supply shocks with a demand shock caused by expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to tackle the pandemic has created inflationary pressures on a scale not seen in decades. Central banks around the world are acting to fulfil their price stability mandates by increasing interest rates and by engaging in quantitative tightening (primarily the selling of government bonds to reduce central bank balance sheets), all of which put pressure on borrowing costs at a time when governments are engaging in expansionary fiscal policy to alleviate the impact of inflation. The objective of this policy note is to examine the main consequences of this challenging environment for the fiscal stance of different levels of governments. These include the weakening outlook for government revenues in times of high expenditure pressures from a more rapid energy transition as well as high borrowing costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/3623ab61-en
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    Tendances de l’OCDE sur la concurrence 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264798878 , 9789264656543 , 9789264803022
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Trends 2023
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Ce rapport met en évidence les tendances mondiales en matière d'application du droit de la concurrence à l'aide de la base de données unique de l’OCDE CompStats, qui comprend 34 variables couvrant les ressources des autorités de la concurrence, les affaires d’entente, l'abus de position dominante, les fusions et la promotion de la concurrence. Ce rapport présente des comparaisons entre les régions géographiques et les tendances au fil du temps, permettant aux juridictions de comprendre comment leurs données se comparent à celles de leurs pairs et de la communauté de la concurrence au sens large. Cette édition se concentre sur les principaux développements de l'application mondiale du droit de la concurrence en 2021 et contribue à l'amélioration continue du droit et de la politique de la concurrence dans le monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6892327-fr
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    Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique : La cybersécurité pour la prospérité (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Le Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique aborde la dimension économique et sociale de la cybersécurité, souligne l'approche de l'OCDE en matière de politiques publiques de sécurité numérique, et permet aux décideurs d'utiliser les Recommandations de l'OCDE dans ce domaine. Le Cadre identifie également les liens entre les normes de sécurité numérique et d'autres normes et outils de l'OCDE. L'OCDE est à l'avant-garde des efforts internationaux pour guider les décideurs dans le domaine des politiques publiques de sécurité numérique depuis 1990. L'OCDE est devenue la première instance internationale normalisatrice dans ce domaine. Les Recommandations de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique soutiennent les parties prenantes dans l'élaboration de politiques visant la prospérité économique et sociale, en accord avec la mission de l'OCDE d'aider les gouvernements à élaborer des "politiques meilleures pour des vies meilleures".
    DOI: 10.1787/a0517600-fr
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    Brick by Brick (Volume 2) : Better Housing Policies in the Post-COVID-19 Era (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264858008 , 9789264841666 , 9789264524026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pierre par pierre (Volume 2) : De meilleures politiques du logement dans l’après COVID-19
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: Expanding on the findings of Brick by Brick: Better Housing Policies, this second volume delves into key trends shaping housing policies in the post-COVID-19 era. The first chapter provides an overview and discusses the need to monitor the pandemic's impacts on housing affordability, address the energy crisis through low-carbon housing initiatives, maintain financial resilience amid fluctuating housing cycles, and facilitate the reshaping of housing markets in response to remote work and environmental concerns. The second chapter focuses on the decarbonisation of the housing sector. It recommends a mix of carbon pricing, energy-efficiency certification and regulation, and subsidies to meet net-zero targets while accounting for housing market specificities. The chapter also calls for deploying complementary policies to limit adverse impacts on low-income households. The third chapter examines housing finance, focusing on the tension between supporting mortgage borrowing and promoting financial resilience. It also discusses the rise of non-bank real estate finance and the potential for mortgage finance to support housing decarbonisation. The fourth chapter explores how the new work-life balance, enabled by the rise of remote work, is reshaping housing demand and proposes a set of tailored urban policies to address this shift. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive blueprint for housing policies in the post-pandemic world.
    DOI: 10.1787/e91cb19d-en
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    Promovarea competențelor digitale de afaceri în Republica Moldova (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264456334
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promoting Digital Business Skills in the Republic of Moldova
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: Republica Moldova (în continuare Moldova) a transformat digitalizarea intr o politică prioritară. Această țară pregătește, în prezent, Strategia de transformare digitală 2023 2030, care va scoate în evidență alfabetizarea digitală, precum și competențele digitale de business, în vederea îmbunătățirii competitivității din sectorul privat. Digitalizarea a adus deja beneficii semnificative Moldovei, unde TIC a fost unul dintre cele mai dinamice sectoare din ultimii ani; însă companiile moldovenești din sectoarele non IT rămân la începutul procesului de digitalizare. Deficitul de competențe reprezintă o barieră majoră în această privință, afectând în special IMM urile care întâmpinămai multe dificultăți în atragerea și păstrarea angajaților competenți, precum și în instruirea și reîmprospătarea cunoștințelor în cadrul forței sale de muncă.Pornind de la activitățile anterioare ale OCDE privind politicile de digitalizare, OCDE a oferit îndrumare Moldovei, în decursul anului 2022, privind modul în care să construiască un ecosistem benefic și să stabilească politicile adecvate pentru a realiza noi progrese în ceea ce privește dezvoltarea și dobândirea competențelor digitale de business în rândul IMM urilor. Acest raport reprezintă un sumar al acelor probleme, luând în considerare 1) cadrul politic și instituțional; 2) instrumentele de evaluare și anticipare a competențelor; și 3) suportul specific IMM urilor, pentru dezvoltarea competențelor digitale.
    DOI: 10.1787/e31fc713-ro
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    Conflict transformation and the role of responsible artisanal and small-scale mining : Supporting peace through supply chain due diligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.28
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Politische Unruhen ; Kleinstunternehmen ; Handwerk ; Lieferkette ; Friedenssicherung ; Kongo (Demokratische Republik) ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The informal extractive sector is a major source of employment in most countries affected by conflict but has up until now been largely left aside when identifying reinsertion opportunities for ex-combatants. This paper identifies synergies between disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (DDR) programmes implemented in conflict-affected and high-risk areas and existing supply chain due diligence initiatives fostering the integration of artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM) in global supply chains in these areas. The report highlights the role that OECD-led initiatives to support ASM formalisation in conflict zones can play to support DDR programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/cdbd61d1-en
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    Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264925908
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises sont des recommandations que les gouvernements adressent aux entreprises multinationales. Ils visent à encourager la contribution positive que les entreprises peuvent apporter au progrès économique, environnemental et social, et à réduire au minimum les impacts négatifs auxquels leurs activités, leurs produits et leurs services peuvent être associés dans les domaines visés par les Principes directeurs. Les Principes directeurs couvrent tous les principaux domaines de la responsabilité des entreprises, y compris les droits humains, les droits du travail, l’environnement, la corruption, les intérêts des consommateurs, la publication d’informations, la science et la technologie, la concurrence et la fiscalité. L'édition 2023 des Principes directeurs contient des recommandations actualisées en matière de conduite responsable des entreprises sur des sujets clés tels que le changement climatique, la biodiversité, la technologie, l’intégrité des entreprises et l’exercice du devoir de diligence dans les chaînes d’approvisionnement, ainsi qu’une actualisation des procédures de mise en œuvre concernant les Points de contact nationaux pour la conduite responsable des entreprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e8d35b5-fr
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    Ринкове Дослідження Стану Конкуренції В Електроенергетичному Секторі України (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264551060 , 9789264647480 , 9789264337596
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Competition Market Study of Ukraine’s Electricity Sector
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Це ринкове дослідження українського електроенергетичного сектору аналізує загальний стан ринкової конкуренції. Дослідження надає детальний огляд та оцінку регуляторної бази роботи ринку електричної енергії в Україні, а також аналіз існуючих перешкод для конкуренції на оптовому та роздрібному ринках. Даний звіт включає в себе низку рекомендацій спрямованих на усунення основних причин неефективної конкуренції, виконання яких на етапі післявоєнного відновлення внаслідок військової агресії Росії проти України, сприятиме розвитку добре функціонуючого, конкурентного електроенергетичного ектору.
    DOI: 10.1787/ec253027-uk
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    Policy Actions for Affordable Housing in Lithuania (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264910010 , 9789264445642 , 9789264489349
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Litauen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Many Lithuanian households struggle to afford good-quality housing. The housing stock is dominated by owner-occupied, multi-apartment buildings that are energy inefficient and face persistent quality gaps. While average household spending on housing is relatively low, house prices have been rising, and many households cannot afford to move to higher quality homes that better suit their needs. Lithuanian policy makers have stepped up support for housing in recent years, but more actions are needed. This report presents the main features of the Lithuanian housing market, highlights housing challenges that have been amplified by the current economic and geopolitical crises, and assesses current policies to address housing affordability and quality gaps. It proposes a series of recommendations to strengthen the supply of and access to affordable housing, and to support Lithuania’s commitment to make housing policy a priority.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca16ff6d-en
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    OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Tunisia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264577831 , 9789264928848 , 9789264476813
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence : Tunisie 2023
    Keywords: Tourismuswirtschaft ; Tourismuspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Wettbewerb ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the tourism sector in Tunisia, with the goal of helping Tunisian authorities mitigate harm to competition and foster long-lasting growth. This report is based on a competition assessment conducted by the OECD identifying rules and regulations that may hinder the competitive and efficient functioning of markets in the tourism activities under review. This review also includes estimates of how the implementation of certain recommendations could impact the economy. This is the second competition assessment review conducted by the OECD in Tunisia, after a 2019 review of the freight transport sector and of the wholesale and retail trade sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/a80cda01-en
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    Развитие цифровых навыков с целью повышения конкурентоспособности частного сектора в Узбекистане (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264578531 , 9789264884236 , 9789264535701
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital Skills for Private Sector Competitiveness in Uzbekistan
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: С 2019 года цифровая трансформация является явным приоритетом политики Узбекистана. Несмотря на то, что страна добилась значительного прогресса в плане доступа к интернету, его качества и доступности, уровень использования цифровых технологий среди компаний остается низким. Недостаток цифровых навыков, по-видимому, является сдерживающим фактором, влияющим на цифровую трансформацию бизнеса. Основываясь на последних исследованиях ОЭСР по цифровизации, в данном отчете рассматриваются причины, сдерживающие цифровое развитие бизнеса в Узбекистане. В нем предлагаются три группы государственных мер: (1) создание благоприятной институциональной основы для освоения цифровых технологий компаниями; (2) повышение осведомленности компаний о важности приобретения цифровых и дополнительных навыков; и (3) расширение существующей поддержки цифровизации при устранении гендерного цифрового разрыва.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5feecac-ru
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    Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264525313 , 9789264592292 , 9789264995352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s war against Ukraine is causing a humanitarian, social and economic crisis for the Ukrainian people. The consequences of this full-scale military invasion are disrupting the global supply of commodities, sharply increasing food and energy prices, and threating the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries with established commercial and financial ties with the economies of Russia and Ukraine appear to be particularly vulnerable. Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries investigates the exposure of Eastern Partner countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) to the economic shocks caused by the war, and in particular through the impact that the conflict is having on inflation, migration, remittances, investment and trade. This report is published as part of the multi-country project “EU4Business: From Policies to Action – phase 2”, implemented in the Eastern Partnership with the financial support of the European Union within the EU4Business initiative.
    DOI: 10.1787/946a936c-en
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    Business Handbook on Due Diligence in the Cocoa Sector : Addressing Child Labour and Forced Labour (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264932296 , 9789264914551 , 9789264818293
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kinderarbeit ; Zwangsarbeit ; Kakaoanbau ; Due Diligence ; Afrika ; Lateinamerika ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This handbook aims to help companies identify, prevent and address child labour and forced labour risks, in the cocoa sector. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the associated OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, and the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains. This handbook was developed in collaboration with the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), with financial support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and technical inputs from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ).
    DOI: 10.1787/79812d6f-en
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    Преодоление экономических бурь в странах Центральной Азии: первые последствия войны в Украине (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586659 , 9789264515680 , 9789264367593
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Weathering Economic Storms in Central Asia: Initial Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Война России против Украины и введенные против нее международные санкции неожиданно мягко отразились на Центральной Азии, несмотря на глубокую экономическую зависимость региона от своего северного соседа. Невзирая на высокую инфляцию, пять государств Центральной Азии - Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Таджикистан, Туркменистан и Узбекистан - до сих пор демонстрировали удивительную устойчивость к экономическим потрясениям: денежные переводы зарегистрировали рекордно высокие показатели в первой половине 2022 года, национальные валюты быстро вернулись к довоенному уровню после изначального падения, а приток квалифицированных работников повысил спрос на услуги и гостиничный бизнес. Однако по мере того, как начинают проявляться среднесрочные последствия санкций против России, глобального кризиса стоимости жизни и замедления экономического роста Китая, Центральная Азия сталкивается с затянувшейся неопределенностью. В данной публикации дается оценка краткосрочных последствий войны России для экономик Центральной Азии и ответных мер политики. В ней также анализируются предстоящие задачи, и представлены политические рекомендации, направленные на большую устойчивость и диверсификацию экономик Центральной Азии.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f532c6e-ru
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    Communication and Engagement with SMEs : Supporting SMEs to Get Tax Right (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Forum on Tax Administration
    Keywords: KMU ; Finanzverwaltung ; Kooperation ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report examines effective communication strategies that tax administrations can use to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in fulfilling their tax obligations. It analyses the various tools and channels available to tax administrations and their respective roles. The report draws on examples from the OECD Forum on Tax Administration members and includes two detailed case studies. The report was drafted by officials from the United Kingdom’s HM Revenue and Customs, with support from the OECD Forum on Tax Administration's Community of Interest on SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/f183d70a-en
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    Digital Government Review of Türkiye : Towards a Digitally-Enabled Government (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264542921 , 9789264999190 , 9789264976788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Türkei ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Türkiye
    Abstract: This Digital Government Review of Türkiye explores how the Government of Türkiye can use digital technology and data to help the public sector become more responsive, resilient and proactive. It evaluates the efforts made so far by Türkiye in achieving digital government maturity by looking at governance, institutional capacities, digital skills, public service design and delivery, enabling building blocks and the strategic management and use of data. The review provides policy recommendations intended to help the Government of Türkiye fully benefit from digital technologies and data to realise the potential of the digital age in transforming the public sector and the services provided to the public.
    DOI: 10.1787/3958d102-en
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    Promoting Digital Business Skills in the Republic of Moldova (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729834
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promovarea competențelor digitale de afaceri în Republica Moldova
    Keywords: Digitale Kompetenz ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Moldawien ; Science and Technology ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: The Republic of Moldova (Moldova hereafter) has made digitalisation a policy priority. The country is currently preparing its Digital Transformation Strategy 2023-30, which will emphasise digital literacy, as well as digital business skills, with a view to improving private sector competitiveness. Digitalisation has already brought significant benefits to Moldova, where ICT has been one of the most dynamic sectors over the past years; yet Moldovan firms in non IT sectors remain at the beginning of their digitalisation journey. Skills shortages are a major barrier in that regard, particularly affecting SMEs who encounter more difficulties in attracting and retaining skilled workers, as well as up skilling or reskilling their workforces. Building on previous OECD work on digitalisation policies, the OECD provided guidance to Moldova throughout 2022 on how to build a conducive ecosystem and set the right policies to further advance the development and uptake of digital business skills among SMEs. This report presents an overview of those issues, looking at 1) the institutional and policy framework; 2) skills assessment and anticipation tools; and 3) SME specific support for digital skills development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d35a60f-en
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    AI language models : Technological, socio-economic and policy considerations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.352
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Sprachverarbeitung ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: AI language models are a key component of natural language processing (NLP), a field of artificial intelligence (AI) focused on enabling computers to understand and generate human language. Language models and other NLP approaches involve developing algorithms and models that can process, analyse and generate natural language text or speech trained on vast amounts of data using techniques ranging from rule-based approaches to statistical models and deep learning. The application of language models is diverse and includes text completion, language translation, chatbots, virtual assistants and speech recognition. This report offers an overview of the AI language model and NLP landscape with current and emerging policy responses from around the world. It explores the basic building blocks of language models from a technical perspective using the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems. The report also presents policy considerations through the lens of the OECD AI Principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/13d38f92-en
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    Financial literacy and digitalisation for MSMEs in South East Europe : A tool for empowering owners and managers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.29
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Digitalisierung ; KMU ; Südosteuropa ; Finanzwissen ; Digitalisierung ; KMU ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report analyses the relationship between financial literacy, inclusion, and awareness, as well as the use of financial products and services, and the digitalisation of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). It presents the results of a thorough data collection and analysis exercise carried out with owners and managers of MSMEs in Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Romania in 2021 and 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/b63091ad-en
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    Assessing biodiversity-related financial risks : Navigating the landscape of existing approaches (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.36
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Artenschutz ; Finanzrisiko ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Although measurements of biodiversity-related financial risks are in their infancy, several metrics and indicators are available to assess their impacts and dependencies in the financial system, and approaches are emerging to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. This mapping paper provides a comprehensive catalogue and literature review of existing and emerging definitions, key metrics and indicators, measurement approaches, tools and practices for central banks, financial supervisors, and financial market participants to measure biodiversity-related financial risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d52137a5-en
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    Consumer vulnerability in the digital age (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.355
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Social Web ; Verbraucherschutz ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: Protecting consumers when they are most vulnerable has long been a core focus of consumer policy. This report first discusses the nature and scale of consumer vulnerability in the digital age, including its evolving conceptualisation, the role of emerging digital trends, and implications for consumer policy. It finds that in the digital age, vulnerability may be experienced not only by some consumers, but increasingly by most, if not all, consumers. Accordingly, it sets out several measures to address the vulnerability of specific consumer groups and all consumers, and concludes with avenues for more research on the topic.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d013cc5-en
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    COVID-19 and policy for science (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.152
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the first in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on policy for science – access to data and information, the role of infrastructures and the interface between academia and industry. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to co-operate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f86e60b-en
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    Online product safety sweep report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.354
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Produktsicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: In October 2021, twenty-one OECD countries and partner economies participated in an online product safety sweep to identify the degree to which products were available for sale online despite (i) being banned or recalled, (ii) having inadequate labelling or (iii) not meeting voluntary or mandatory product safety standards. Results reveal that large volumes of unsafe products are readily traded across borders and a 79% average rate of non-compliance (or potential non-compliance) with product safety standards and laws. More needs to be done by online marketplaces and other retailers to identify and remove unsafe product listings and by consumer authorities to deter non-compliance.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1faa51e-en
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    Law enforcement responses to corruption in emergency situations : Practical guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.30
    Keywords: Korruption ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Epidemie ; Coronavirus ; Katastrophe ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: These guidelines seek to strengthen the capacities of law enforcement practitioners to combat corruption related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergency situations. In particular, they aim to: (i) provide law enforcement practitioners with practical advice on the challenges law enforcement faces in an emergency crisis; (ii) illustrate good detection, investigation and prosecution practices during emergency situations and identify key challenges that may arise in future crises, including through international cooperation mechanisms; (iii) inform law enforcement practitioners about the benefits of emerging technologies and innovative institutional developments identified during COVID-19 that can assist with combating corruption.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2e5344f-en
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    Verringerung der Prekarität wissenschaftlicher Laufbahnen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reducing the precarity of academic research careers
    Keywords: Wissenschaftler ; Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen und nimmt dabei insbesondere das „Wissenschaftsprekariat“ in den Blick: Postdokto-rand*innen mit befristeten Verträgen, die keine Aussicht auf Festanstellung oder Weiterbeschäftigung haben. Es werden Maßnahmen und Praktiken aufgezeigt, um die Lebensqualität von Wissenschaftler*innen zu erhöhen, diversere, gerechtere und inklusivere Wissenschaftssysteme zu schaffen, die besten wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchskräfte anzuwerben und zu halten und damit letztlich die Qualität der Forschung zu verbessern. Der Bericht bietet einen konzeptuellen Rahmen und einen Überblick über die verfügbaren Daten und Informationen zu Politikmaßnahmen. Er stützt sich auf eine in OECD-Ländern durchgeführte Erhebung, bestehend aus Ländernotizen und Interviews mit Politikverantwortlichen, Mittelgeber*innen, Vertreter*innen von Forschungseinrichtungen sowie Wissenschaftler*innen. Der Bericht präsentiert Empfehlungen und eine Reihe von Politikoptionen für die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen und beruflichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, eine stärkere Verknüpfung von Mittelvergabe und Personalpolitik, inklusivere Governance-Strukturen, die Förderung von Chancengleichheit und Diversität, ein besseres Personalmanagement, mehr intersektorale und internationale Mobilität sowie eine breitere Evidenzbasis zu wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen.
    DOI: 10.1787/f8314967-de
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    Public research funding in Sweden : Optimising the system in response to multiple demands (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.148
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Sweden
    Abstract: This report provides input to a national review of the public research funding system in Sweden. It is designed to inform a broader dialogue that is taking place amongst different research stakeholders in Sweden. The report contains proposals and options for changes for Swedish public funding of research and innovation to effectively promote research excellence, support innovation and respond to societal needs. These proposals are supported by relevant international examples. The analysis takes into account insights from the OECD review of innovation policy in Sweden in 2016 and recent OECD work on different aspects of public research funding and research infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9eb9a85b-en
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    Competition Market Study of Ukraine’s Electricity Sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264846586 , 9789264643949 , 9789264631625
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ринкове Дослідження Стану Конкуренції В Електроенергетичному Секторі України
    Keywords: Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Wettbewerb ; Ukraine ; Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This market study analyses Ukraine’s electricity sector from a competition perspective. It provides a detailed description and assessment of the regulatory framework within which the Ukrainian electricity markets operate, as well as an analysis of the obstacles to competition in the wholesale and retail markets. This report includes recommendations to address the underlying causes of ineffective competition that, if implemented in the recovery phase following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, can contribute to achieving a well-functioning, competitive electricity sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/f28f98ed-en
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    Supporting FinTech Innovation in the Czech Republic : Regulatory Sandbox Design Considerations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534803 , 9789264633049 , 9789264428553
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Podpora FinTechových inovací v České republice: Možnosti nastavení regulatorního sandboxu
    Keywords: Finanztechnologie ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; Tschechien ; Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The FinTech sector is a nascent market in the Czech Republic, with only around one hundred regulated or unregulated FinTech firms. This report analyses the Czech FinTech ecosystem and identifies possible hurdles to innovative development. The report also provides recommendations for designing a regulatory sandbox tailored to the country’s specificities and which could help alleviate some of the impediments to FinTech development. A sandbox could enhance the Czech authorities’ understanding of the impact of innovative mechanisms on financial activities, and enable supervisors to better monitor and ensure compliance of FinTech activities. It could also enhance communication between firms and authorities through targeted dialogue and customised guidance.
    DOI: 10.1787/081a005c-en
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  • 61
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    Podpora FinTechových inovací v České republice : Možnosti nastavení regulatorního sandboxu (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264879485 , 9789264857797 , 9789264631748
    Language: Czech
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting FinTech Innovation in the Czech Republic: Regulatory Sandbox Design Considerations
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: S přibližně stovkou FinTechových společností nabízejících regulované či neregulované služby se FinTech jako odvětví v České republice teprve vytváří. Tato zpráva analyzuje české FinTechové prostředí a identifikuje potenciální překážky, které rozvoj inovací ztěžují. Zpráva obsahuje rovněž pro zemi specifická doporučení, jak nastavit regulatorní sandbox, která by mohla pomoci zmírnit překážky rozvoje finančních technologií. Sandbox by mohl zlepšit porozumění českých orgánů o dopadech inovativních nástrojů na finanční aktivity a umožnit orgánu dohledu lépe sledovat a zajištovat soulad FinTechových aktivit s pravidly. Dalším přínosem by také mohlo být zlepšení komunikace mezi podniky a orgánem dohledu prostřednictvím cíleného dialogu a pokynů.
    DOI: 10.1787/45da1c37-cs
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  • 62
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    Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264919778 , 9789264830431 , 9789264795457
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente une analyse internationale approfondie de la situation des travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée au regard des différentes dimensions de la qualité des emplois. Dans les premières phases de la pandémie de COVID-19, les applaudissements adressés aux soignants ont été l’expression manifeste de la reconnaissance de leur travail acharné et des risques auxquels leurs fonctions les exposaient. Cependant, alors que les applaudissements se faisaient plus rares après le pic de la crise, la question de l’amélioration durable des conditions de travail des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée est revenue sur le devant de la scène. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la demande de travail en provenance des entreprises de ce secteur va augmenter sensiblement. Plusieurs pays sont déjà confrontés à des pénuries à mesure que la génération du baby-boom entre dans le troisième âge. Pour aller Au-delà des applaudissements, il est nécessaire d’adopter une stratégie d’action globale pour remédier aux conditions de travail médiocres et à la reconnaissance sociale insuffisante des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée, attirer des travailleurs et éviter que les pénuries de main-d’œuvre n’atteignent des niveaux inacceptables. Une stratégie de ce type doit prendre en compte plusieurs dimensions et s’adapter aux priorités de chaque pays, par exemple mettre en place des interventions directes visant à augmenter les salaires et à relever les qualifications requises ; augmenter les financements publics et développer le rôle moteur des pouvoirs publics ; soutenir la négociation collective et le dialogue social ; renforcer la formation ; développer le recours aux nouvelles technologies ; et consolider les politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1, qui est le chapitre de présentation générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/160ef74a-fr
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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  • 64
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    Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/27d33ab3-en
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  • 65
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    Pierre par pierre (Volume 2) : De meilleures politiques du logement dans l’après COVID-19 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264343382 , 9789264547704 , 9789264338050
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brick by Brick (Volume 2): Better Housing Policies in the Post-COVID-19 Era
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: S'appuyant sur les conclusions de Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de nouvelles politiques du logement, ce deuxième volume se penche sur les tendances de fond qui façonnent les politiques du logement dans l'ère post-COVID-19. Le premier chapitre offre une vue d'ensemble en examinant la nécessité de surveiller l'impact de la pandémie sur l'accessibilité du logement, de répondre à la crise énergétique par l’intensification des efforts de décarbonation des logements, de maintenir la résilience du système financier face aux cycles immobiliers et de faciliter l’adaptation des marchés du logement à la montée en puissance du travail à distance et des préoccupations environnementales. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la décarbonisation du secteur du logement. Il recommande de combiner tarification du carbone, certification et réglementation de l'efficacité énergétique, et subventions pour atteindre les objectifs de zéro émission nette tout en tenant compte des spécificités du marché du logement. Le chapitre appelle également au déploiement de politiques complémentaires pour limiter les effets négatifs sur les ménages à faible revenu. Le troisième chapitre examine le financement du logement, en mettant l'accent sur la tension entre le soutien aux emprunts hypothécaires et la promotion de la résilience financière. Il aborde également l'essor du financement non bancaire de l'immobilier et le soutien que les marchés du crédit hypothécaire peuvent apporter à la décarbonisation du logement. Le quatrième chapitre, qui explore la manière dont le nouvel équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée, rendu possible par l'essor du travail à distance, remodèle la demande de logements, propose un ensemble d’ajustements des politiques urbaines pour répondre à ce changement. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit un large éventail d’options de réforme pour améliorer les politiques de logement dans le monde post-pandémique.
    DOI: 10.1787/43b303bd-fr
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    Анализ делового климата в Казахстане (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264763180 , 9789264537125 , 9789264572904
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Insights on the Business Climate in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: Глобальная ориентированность на более экологически устойчивые экономические модели, обеспечивающие снижение уровня выбросов углекислого газа, повысила значимость долгосрочной программы диверсификации экономики Казахстана. Выполнение лишь части этой программы указывает на наличие ряда сложностей, влияющих на условия для инвестирования, внедрения инноваций и развития предпринимательства. Настоящий отчет, основанный на результатах небольшого целевого опроса иностранных компаний, работающих на территории Казахстана, дает новое представление о восприятии частным сектором текущих реформ и тем самым привлекает внимание к некоторым из наиболее актуальных проблем, стоящих перед органами, отвечающими за разработку и реализацию мер экономической политики, и бизнесом.
    DOI: 10.1787/ccc8cf0c-ru
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Kazakhstan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264950467 , 9789264818279 , 9789264596221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Казахстане
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Privatwirtschaft ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: The global push for more sustainable and less-carbon intensive economic models has increased the salience of Kazakhstan’s long-standing diversification agenda. That this agenda remains only partially fulfilled reflects a number of issues that affect the conditions for investment, innovation and entrepreneurship. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Kazakhstan, this report provides new insights into private-sector perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd780306-en
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357334 , 9789264851894 , 9789264651142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: Addressing barriers to private-sector development has been a long-standing ambition of the government of Uzbekistan, with an extensive programme of reforms that began in 2017 redoubling efforts to foster the growth of a more competitive and productive population of private-sector firms. Uzbekistan needs a more dynamic and innovative private sector if it is to meet the challenges and seize the opportunities of the green and digital transitions, which create a new impetus for accelerating these reforms. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Uzbekistan, this report provides new insights into their perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/317ce52e-en
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  • 69
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    Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264744134 , 9789264933354 , 9789264647800
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Insights on the Business Climate in Uzbekistan
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: Устранение преград на пути развития частного сектора является долгосрочной целью правительства Узбекистана, а начавшаяся в 2017 году масштабная программа реформ предусматривала более активное содействие росту конкурентоспособности и производительности компаний частного сектора. Чтобы справиться с вызовами и воспользоваться возможностями «зеленого» и цифрового переходов, которые обеспечивают новый импульс для ускорения этих реформ, Узбекистану необходим более динамичный и инновационный частный сектор. Настоящий отчет, основанный на результатах небольшого целевого опроса иностранных компаний, работающих на территории Узбекистана, дает новое представление об их восприятии текущих реформ и тем самым привлекает внимание к некоторым из наиболее актуальных проблем, стоящих перед органами, отвечающими за разработку и реализацию мер экономической политики, и бизнесом.
    DOI: 10.1787/84ffe567-ru
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    Улучшение рамочных условий для цифровой трансформации бизнеса в Казахстане (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264861497 , 9789264612884 , 9789264965577
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving Framework Conditions for the Digital Transformation of Businesses in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: В последние годы в Казахстане была разработана комплексная система цифрового управления и создаются нормативно-правовые условия для цифровой трансформации экономики страны. Цифровизация частного сектора требует дальнейшего улучшения рамочных условий, таких как надежный доступ к широкополосным услугам, качество и доступность сетей, а также цифровая безопасность для бизнеса. Основываясь на результатах недавней работы ОЭСР по изучению цифровых рамочных условий, в данном отчете рассматриваются правовые и операционные условия, которые сдерживают цифровую трансформацию частных компаний в Казахстане. Отчет предлагает три группы действий: (1) устранение пробелов в качестве интернета и возможности подключения, в частности, путем мобилизации местных исполнительных органов для повышения качества и плотности сетей, а также путем расширения участия частного сектора в процессе разработки политики; (2) повышение конкуренции и инвестиционной привлекательности телекоммуникационного сектора путем создания независимого национального регулятора телекоммуникаций и разработки целевой стратегии привлечения инвестиций для подготовки к развертыванию сетей связи следующего поколения; и (3) адаптация нормативно-правовой базы для фирм, приспосабливающихся к новым цифровым вызовам, и повышение их осведомленности о цифровой безопасности.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b6e7aa8-ru
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    Digital Skills for Private Sector Competitiveness in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351011 , 9789264750920 , 9789264505490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Развитие цифровых навыков с целью повышения конкурентоспособности частного сектора в Узбекистане
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Qualifikation ; Privatwirtschaft ; Usbekistan ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Since 2019, digital transformation has been a clear policy priority in Uzbekistan. While the country has made significant progress in terms of Internet access, quality and affordability, digital uptake among firms remains low. This lack of digital skills seems to be a limiting factor affecting the digital transformation of business. Based on recent OECD work on digitalisation, this report examines what is holding back the digital upskilling of businesses in Uzbekistan. It suggests three sets of policy actions: (1) developing a supportive institutional framework for the digital uptake of firms; (2) raising firms’ awareness of the importance of acquiring digital and complementary skills; and (3) expanding existing support to digitalise while addressing the gender digital divide.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c54f447-en
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    Improving Framework Conditions for the Digital Transformation of Businesses in Kazakhstan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264483682 , 9789264965935 , 9789264893344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Улучшение рамочных условий для цифровой трансформации бизнеса в Казахстане
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Kasachstan ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: In recent years, Kazakhstan has developed a comprehensive digital government system and begun to create the legal and regulatory conditions for the digital transformation of the country’s economy. The digitalisation of the private sector requires further improvements in framework conditions, such as reliable access to broadband services, quality and affordability of networks, and digital security for businesses. Based on recent OECD work on digital framework conditions, this report examines the legal and operational environment that is holding back the digital transformation of private firms in Kazakhstan. The report suggests three sets of actions: (1) addressing the remaining Internet quality and connectivity gaps, notably by mobilising the regional public sector to improve the quality and density of networks, and by expanding the inclusion of the private sector in the policy-making process; (2) improving competition in, and the investment attractiveness of, the telecom sector by setting-up an independent national telecom regulator, and by developing a targeted investment attraction strategy to prepare for deployment of next-generation communication networks; and (3) adapting the regulatory and policy framework for firms adapting to new digital challenges and raising their awareness of digital security.
    DOI: 10.1787/368d4d01-en
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    Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264998322 , 9789264861329 , 9789264886766
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe FDI Qualities Review of Chile: Boosting Sustainable Development and Diversification
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Abstract: Este informe proporciona una serie de recomendaciones de política pública sobre cómo mejorar los beneficios económicos, sociales y medioambientales derivados de la inversión extranjera directa (IED). Ofrece una evaluación exhaustiva sobre cómo la IED contribuye a la diversificación económica de Chile a través de actividades sostenibles e intensivas en conocimiento (por ejemplo, hidrógeno verde, tecnología de la información), y también evalúa el marco político y normativo por el que se rige el impacto de la IED en el desarrollo sostenible de Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/86336809-es
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    FDI Qualities Review of Chile : Boosting Sustainable Development and Diversification (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264398559 , 9789264753327 , 9789264624269
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Chile ; Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Abstract: This report provides policy recommendations on how to strengthen the economic, social and environmental benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI). It provides an extensive assessment on how FDI contributes to Chile’s economic diversification into sustainable and knowledge-intensive activities (e.g. green hydrogen, information technology), and also assesses the policy and regulatory framework influencing the impact of FDI on sustainable development in Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/98bf1829-en
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    Cost and uptake of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/03
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Despite the increasing adoption of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond, evidence on the availability, design, generosity and actual cost of these incentives remains scarce. This report helps fill this gap by documenting government efforts to provide preferential tax treatment of economic outputs of innovation activities. Drawing on the responses of national contact points to the OECD KNOWINTAX surveys carried out in 2020 and 2021, it presents new evidence on the cost (foregone tax revenues) and uptake of income-based-tax incentives by businesses in 2019, and tracks their distribution by firm size and industry and their evolution over the 2000-2019 period.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f531faf-en
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    Moving forward on data free flow with trust : New evidence and analysis of business experiences (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.353
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report uses business consultations to investigate private-sector views on privacy and data protection rules for cross-border data flows. It aims to inform a more comprehensive understanding of challenges and ways forward for the policy agenda of ‘data free flow with trust’. While frameworks aimed at generating trust and facilitating data flows build on commonalities and elements of convergence, businesses identify challenges to fully operationalise them at the global level. In particular, businesses indicate the need for coherent principles and rules that are transparent and predictable, provide a practical balance between certainty and flexibility, and offer solutions that match business realities. Finally, the report highlights the need for greater international regulatory co-operation and leveraging the full range of options to uphold trust around privacy and data protection globally.
    DOI: 10.1787/1afab147-en
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  • 77
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    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensethik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct are recommendations addressed by governments to multinational enterprises. They aim to encourage positive contributions enterprises can make to economic, environmental and social progress, and to minimise adverse impacts on matters covered by the Guidelines that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. The Guidelines cover all key areas of business responsibility, including human rights, labour rights, environment, bribery, consumer interests, disclosure, science and technology, competition, and taxation. The 2023 edition of the Guidelines provides updated recommendations for responsible business conduct across key areas, such as climate change, biodiversity, technology, business integrity and supply chain due diligence, as well as updated implementation procedures for the National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/81f92357-en
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  • 78
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    Examens de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence : Tunisie 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264731301 , 9789264774537 , 9789264702417
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Tunisia 2023
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les barrières réglementaires à la concurrence dans le secteur du tourisme en Tunisie, dans le but d'aider les autorités tunisiennes à réduire les atteintes à la concurrence et à favoriser une croissance durable. Ce rapport est basé sur une évaluation de la concurrence menée par l'OCDE identifiant les lois et réglementations susceptibles d'entraver la concurrence et l’efficacité des marchés dans les activités touristiques examinées. Cet examen comprend également des estimations de l'impact potentiel de la mise en œuvre de certaines recommandations sur l'économie. Il s'agit du deuxième examen d'évaluation de la concurrence mené par l'OCDE en Tunisie, après l'examen en 2019 des secteurs du transport de marchandises et du commerce de gros et de détail.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b1327a5-fr
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  • 79
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    Strengthening Latvia’s Housing Affordability Fund (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264996175 , 9789264390058 , 9789264382978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; Investmentfonds ; Immobilienfinanzierung ; Immobilienpreis ; Wohnkosten ; Wohnungsmarkt ; Lettland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: The Latvian government established the Housing Affordability Fund in mid-2022, a long-term self-sustaining financing model to channel investment into affordable housing. The fund is now being scaled up to ensure lasting impact on the Latvian housing market. This report identifies options for institutional arrangements, funding and financing opportunities, and operational tools to achieve this aim. It draws on the rich and diverse experiences of four peer countries in establishing and operating revolving fund schemes for affordable housing (Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands and Slovenia), and also reflects findings from engagement with a range of stakeholders in the Latvian housing sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/84736a67-en
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  • 80
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    Water Financing and Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia : Highlights of a National Dialogue on Water (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264962590 , 9789264451698 , 9789264378087
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz ; Indonesien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This report presents the policy recommendations resulting from the National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia, which took place between June 2022 and March 2023. Getting water resources management right, underpinned with appropriate financing mechanisms, is a prerequisite for realising Indonesia’s ambitious national economic growth agenda to become one of the top five global economies by 2045. The Dialogue, therefore, centred around two priority areas: 1) financing water infrastructure and 2) non-structural measures for flood disaster risk reduction. The report explores several instruments to enhance the financing of water services in Indonesia, such as the advantages and disadvantages of uniform water tariffs, independent economic regulation, pollution charges and demand management instruments. The report recommends the utilisation of land value capture as an additional source of financing. It also explores how water information systems for disaster response, flood forecasting and early warning can reduce flood disaster risk. The National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia is part of a regional initiative with the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Asia Water Council and the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/3205b20a-en
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  • 81
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    A time series perspective on income-based tax support for R&D and innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The use of tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, has accelerated over the last two decades. The globalisation of R&D together with the greater mobility of intangible income may have contributed to the rise in such incentives to attract and retain R&D and innovation activity while preventing the transfer of taxable base to other countries. This paper documents the changes to the availability and design of income-based tax incentives from 2000 onwards for 48 countries, including all OECD countries and EU countries. Building on this, the paper analyses trends in the generosity of income-based tax support over time by building indicators of effective tax rates that can provide insights into the impact of Action 5 of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project.
    DOI: 10.1787/dae3cd5c-en
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  • 82
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    Toolkit für genderinklusiven Wettbewerb (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264695412 , 9789264573819 , 9789264595231
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Was hat der Wettbewerb mit dem Gender zu tun? Die Wettbewerbsbehörden spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung fairer und florierender Märkte. Die Verbindung zwischen Wettbewerb und Gender wird jedoch oft übersehen. Dieses Toolkit gibt den Wettbewerbsbehörden das nötige Wissen und die Instrumente in die Hand, um Aspekte, die das Gender berücksichtigen, in ihre Arbeit einzubeziehen. Das Toolkit bietet einen evidenzbasierten Ansatz, der über die Theorie hinausgeht und konkrete Empfehlungen liefert, die die Genauigkeit der Analyse verbessern, Kartelluntersuchungen erleichtern und die Advocacy-Bemühungen optimieren können. Das Toolkit stützt sich auf die Gender-Forschung in verwandten Politikbereichen wie Unternehmensführung, Korruptionsbekämpfung und Verhaltensökonomie und bietet einen umfassenden Rahmen für die Einbeziehung von Gender-Überlegungen. Indem sie dieses Toolkit in ihre tägliche Arbeit einbeziehen, können die Wettbewerbsbehörden noch mehr zur Förderung fairer und effizienter Märkte beitragen, von denen Menschen aller Gender profitieren.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ea037c5-de
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  • 83
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    Civisme fiscal : Qu'est-ce qui motive les particuliers et les entreprises à payer des impôts ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264627376 , 9789264507371 , 9789264452107
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Morale: What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax?
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Découvrir ce qui motive le civisme fiscal - la volonté intrinsèque de payer l'impôt - peut grandement aider les gouvernements à concevoir des politiques fiscales et à les administrer, en particulier dans les pays en développement où les taux de conformité sont faibles. Ce rapport s'appuie sur des recherches antérieures de l'OCDE pour identifier certains des principaux moteurs socio-économiques et institutionnels du civisme fiscal dans les pays en développement, et cherche à vérifier les preuves du contrat social en examinant l'impact des services publics sur le civisme fiscal. Il utilise également de nouvelles données sur la certitude fiscale comme point d'entrée pour explorer le civisme fiscal des entreprises, où la recherche existante est très limitée. Enfin, le rapport identifie une série de facteurs liés au système fiscal susceptibles d'affecter la prise de décision des entreprises, la manière dont ils varient d'une région à l'autre, et suggère quelques domaines de recherche future. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit une série de suggestions pour la poursuite des travaux et la manière dont les considérations relatives au civisme fiscal peuvent être intégrées dans des stratégies holistiques de conformité fiscale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ce7612d-fr
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  • 84
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    Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264348769 , 9789264782686 , 9789264738881
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: ¿Qué tiene que ver la competencia con el género? Las autoridades encargadas de proteger la competencia desempeñan un papel crucial en la configuración de mercados justos y prósperos. Sin embargo, a menudo se pasa por alto la conexión entre competencia y género. Esta Guía práctica proporciona a las autoridades de competencia los conocimientos y herramientas útiles para incorporar consideraciones de género en su trabajo. El conjunto de herramientas ofrece un enfoque basado en pruebas, que va más allá de la teoría para proporcionar recomendaciones concretas que pueden mejorar la precisión del análisis, facilitar las investigaciones sobre cárteles y optimizar los esfuerzos de promoción. A partir de la investigación sobre el género en ámbitos políticos relacionados, como la gobernanza empresarial, la lucha contra la corrupción y la economía del comportamiento, este conjunto de herramientas ofrece un marco completo para integrar las consideraciones de género. Al incorporar estas herramientas en sus operaciones cotidianas, las autoridades de competencia pueden contribuir aún más al avance de mercados justos y eficientes que beneficien a las personas de todos los géneros.
    DOI: 10.1787/c00dcb4c-es
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  • 85
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    Did COVID-19 accelerate the green transition? : An international assessment of fiscal spending measures to support low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.1
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of industrial policy has also raised concerns about the potential for a global green subsidy war. OECD analysed funding measures worth USD 1.3 trillion announced around the world in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures can trigger substantial greenhouse gas emissions reductions while boosting the growth of the clean tech sector in all regions and reducing dependence over fossil fuel imports. This policy brief summarises key findings from our analysis and offers additional recommendations to policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/29bd5a72-en
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  • 86
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    Explanatory memoranda of the OECD Privacy Guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.360
    Keywords: Datenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Privacy Guidelines are the first internationally agreed-upon set of privacy principles and are recognized as the global minimum standard for privacy and data protection. They are a solid foundation for building effective protection and trust for individuals, and also for developing common international approaches to transborder data flows. Since their adoption, they have influenced legislation and policy in OECD countries and beyond. This document reproduces the two existing explanatory memoranda that accompany the OECD Privacy Guidelines. The first, published in 1980, was developed alongside the original version of the OECD Privacy Guidelines to help in their interpretation and application. The supplementary Explanatory Memorandum was developed to provide context and rationale for the revisions to the OECD Privacy Guidelines made in 2013.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea4e9759-en
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  • 87
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    The Impact of R&D tax incentives : Results from the OECD microBeRD+ project (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.159
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: This document reports on the final output of the OECD microBeRD+ project. Drawing on the outcomes of previous work, this study presents new evidence on the impact of business R&D support policies – tax incentives and direct forms of support – on business R&D investment (R&D input additionality) and the innovation and economic performance of firms (R&D output additionality). The report also provides an exploratory analysis of R&D spillovers.
    DOI: 10.1787/1937ac6b-en
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  • 88
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    Tableau de bord de l'OCDE sur le financement des PME et des entrepreneurs : Faits saillants 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les Faits saillants 2023 du Tableau de bord sur le financement des PME et des entrepreneurs rendent compte des tendances, des conditions et des évolutions des politiques publiques en matière de financement des PME et des entrepreneurs. Le rapport propose des données officielles sur le financement des PME dans près de 50 pays, et notamment des indicateurs relatifs aux conditions de financement et au financement par l'endettement, par apport de capitaux propres ou par nantissement d'actifs. Les données au titre de l'année 2021 sont complétées par les informations disponibles pour 2022, ainsi que par des informations sur la demande et par les récentes initiatives publiques et privées en faveur du financement des PME. Il en ressort que la plupart des économies montrent des signes d'une reprise dynamique suite à la pandémie de COVID-19 de 2021. Les données pour l'année 2022 révèlent toutefois une dégradation de certains indicateurs du financement des PME, en raison d'un fort niveau d'inflation et de la hausse des taux d'intérêt, aggravés par la guerre menée par la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Ces facteurs pèsent sur l'accessibilité et le coût du financement des PME par l'emprunt, laissant présager un ralentissement des financements. De la même manière, le financement par apport de capitaux propres a enregistré un net recul en 2022. Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs publics devraient continuer de promouvoir la diversification des instruments et des sources de financement des PME et leur permettre ainsi de renforcer leur résilience et d'engager des investissements essentiels, notamment dans les transitions numérique et verte.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3156420-fr
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  • 89
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    The state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles four years on (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.3
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: In 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (the "OECD AI Principles"). These include five values-based principles and five recommendations for OECD countries and adhering partner economies to promote responsible and trustworthy AI policies. This report takes stock of initiatives launched by countries worldwide to implement the OECD AI Principles which were reported to the OECD.AI Policy Observatory as of May 2023. It provides an overview of national AI strategies, including their oversight and monitoring bodies, expert advisory groups, as well as their monitoring and evaluation frameworks. It also discusses the various regulatory approaches that countries are adopting to ensure AI trustworthiness, such as ethics frameworks, AI-specific regulations, and regulatory sandboxes. Additionally, the report offers policy examples for each of the ten OECD AI Principles to facilitate cross-learning among policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/835641c9-en
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  • 90
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    Stocktaking for the development of an AI incident definition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.4
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Risiko ; Definition ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers tremendous benefits but also poses risks. Some of these risks have materialised into what are known as "AI incidents". Due to the widespread use of AI in various sectors, a surge in such incidents can be expected. To effectively monitor and prevent these risks, stakeholders need a precise yet adaptable definition of AI incidents. This report presents research and findings on terminology and practices related to incident definitions, encompassing both AI-specific and cross-disciplinary contexts. It establishes a knowledge base for identifying commonalities and encouraging the development of AI-specific adaptations in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/c323ac71-en
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  • 91
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    A supervisory framework for assessing nature-related financial risks : Identifying and navigating biodiversity risks (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzrisiko ; Bankenaufsicht ; Risikomanagement ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper presents a methodological supervisory framework to help central banks and financial supervisors assess biodiversity-related financial risks, impacts and dependencies in the financial sector, including transmission channels for physical and transition risks. This framework is designed to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. It draws on a previous mapping of existing approaches, while also accounting for broader nature-related financial risks. While acknowledging different national circumstances, this methodological framework is designed to be applicable broadly for central banks, supervisors and commercial banks across different countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8e4991f-en
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  • 92
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    Enhancing the security of communication infrastructure (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.358
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Sicherheit ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The digital security of communication networks is crucial to the functioning of our societies. Four trends are shaping networks, raising digital security implications: i) the increasing criticality of communication networks, ii) increased virtualisation of networks and use of cloud services, iii) a shift towards more openness in networks and iv) the role of artificial intelligence in networks. These trends bring benefits and challenges to digital security. While digital security ultimately depends on the decisions made by private actors (e.g. network operators and their suppliers), the report underlines the role governments can play to enhance the digital security of communication networks. It outlines key policy objectives and actions governments can take to incentivise the adoption of best practices and support stakeholders to reach an optimal level of digital security, ranging from light-touch to more interventionist approaches.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb608fe5-en
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  • 93
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    Transparency reporting on child sexual exploitation and abuse online (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.357
    Keywords: Kinderschutz ; Sexuelle Belästigung ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; Digitale Plattform ; Prävention ; Transparenz ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the policies and procedures for addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) material across the global top-50 online content-sharing services. It finds that only 10 of the 50 services define CSEA with sufficient detail to understand what is prohibited on their services, and only 20 of the services issue a transparency report on CSEA. Even among those services, there are significant variations in what behaviour is captured in their definitions, and the metrics, methodology and frequency of transparency reports differ across platforms. While good practices exist, the report reveals a fragmented response to this complex and evolving problem, which limits comparability and makes it challenging to conduct a thorough assessment of the overall impact of platforms' efforts to combat CSEA.
    DOI: 10.1787/554ad91f-en
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  • 94
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    Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and democratic values (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.31
    Keywords: Virtuelle Währung ; Geldpolitik ; Zentralbank ; Demokratie ; Soziale Werte ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Discussions on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have so far mostly focused on the potential risks that these currencies could represent for financial intermediation and financial stability. It is important, however, to also consider how they could contribute to the welfare of citizens, and how they can be leveraged to help uphold certain democratic values. This paper explores how the design and implementation of CBDCs can help countries mitigate threats to individual liberties and human rights, as well as promote the equitable treatment of citizens, the protection of privacy, and citizens' trust in central banks. The sound governance architecture of CBDC systems at the national and international level can further support these objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3e70f1f-en
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  • 95
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    Effective tax rates for R&D intangibles (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Tax incentives such as intellectual property regimes provide for reduced taxation of the income derived from research, development, and innovation related activities. By doing so, they lower the overall tax burden from investing in certain qualified intangible assets. This paper proposes a methodology to build indicators comparing the effect of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation on firms' incentives to make R&D intangible investments. It provides insights into how such incentives affect firms' decisions on whether, where and how much to invest in R&D intangibles. These indicators are used to illustrate the extent to which these tax incentives may create potential distortions to firms' investment, protection and commercialisation decisions. The model is further developed to account for the design changes to such tax incentives introduced by the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting minimum standard.
    DOI: 10.1787/191dad43-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 96
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    Promoting diverse career pathways for doctoral and postdoctoral researchers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.158
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report analyses the career options of doctoral and postdoctoral researchers. It identifies policies and practices to promote diverse careers, flexible career trajectories and ultimately better-quality research and innovation across different economic and social sectors. The report presents a conceptual framework and synthesis of available data and policy information. It offers recommendations and a set of policy options to: promote engagement and interaction with employers outside academia; provide researchers with experience and skills for diverse careers; encourage valorisation of diverse career options; support career development and guidance for researchers; promote inter-sectoral mobility; and, reconfigure and support careers in academia.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc21227a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
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    COVID-19 and science for policy and society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.154
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the second in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on science for policy – research agenda setting, scientific advice and public communication and engagement. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to cooperate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/0afa04e2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 98
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    Financial consumers and sustainable finance : Policy implications and approaches (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.32
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; Verbraucherschutz ; Anlageverhalten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report explores issues, opportunities and challenges for financial consumers in relation to sustainable finance. It examines current trends in terms of consumer demand for and experience with sustainable finance products, as well as new risks to consumers posed by sustainable finance products. This report also explores financial consumer protection tools and responses available to policy makers and oversight authorities, illustrated by selected examples of how these tools and responses are being deployed around the world. Finally, this report offers a number of policy considerations to help guide policy makers and oversight authorities responsible for financial consumer protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/318d0494-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
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    Regulatory sandboxes in artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.356
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report focuses on regulatory sandboxes in artificial intelligence (AI), where authorities engage firms to test innovative products or services that challenge existing legal frameworks. Participating firms obtain a waiver from specific legal provisions or compliance processes to innovate. It highlights positive impacts like increased venture capital investment in fintech start-ups. It points out challenges, risks, and policy considerations for AI sandboxes, emphasizing interdisciplinary cooperation, building AI expertise, regulatory interoperability, and trade policy. It also addresses the importance of comprehensive criteria for eligibility and assessing trials, as well as the impact on innovation and competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f80a0e6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
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    Processus du G7, dit d'Hiroshima, sur l'intelligence artificielle générative : Vers une vision commune à l'échelle du G7 sur l'IA générative (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe G7 Hiroshima Process on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Towards a G7 Common Understanding on Generative AI
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: En mai 2023, les dirigeants du G7 ont recensé les thèmes à examiner dans le cadre du processus d'Hiroshima et demandé l'établissement rapide d'un état des lieux des possibilités et enjeux associés à l'IA générative. Ce rapport donne à voir les réponses reçues à un questionnaire conçu pour faciliter cet état des lieux et doit étayer les échanges du G7 au sujet des priorités d'action communes en ce qui concerne cette technologie. Il permet également de brosser une rapide vue d'ensemble de son évolution dans le temps et dans l'espace. Le rapport et les réponses au questionnaire doivent être considérés comme le reflet de la situation à un instant T : ils donnent une idée des tendances observables à l'été 2023, dans un contexte technologique en mutation rapide. Le rapport a contribué à éclairer et structurer les discussions tenues dans le cadre du processus du G7, dit d'Hiroshima, sur l'IA.
    DOI: 10.1787/678bee9f-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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