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  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (300)
  • Antón, Jesús  (14)
  • International Business Machines Corporation International Technical Support Organization
  • Finance and Investment  (143)
  • Agriculture and Food  (93)
  • Urban, Rural and Regional Development  (82)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.197
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Agricultural and rural policies can benefit from potential synergies when designed correctly. Broadly speaking, agricultural policies target farms and food production, while rural policies focus on ensuring the development of a territory and the well-being of the rural population. Despite these differences, both policies are often applied within the same territory and share a growing interest in improving environmental sustainability and adapting to climate change, as well as improving inclusiveness, food security and nutrition, and increasing productivity and innovation. This paper calls for a constructive dialogue on policies and processes to enhance the synergies and coherence in policy advice, and helping to resolve possible trade-offs between agricultural and rural policies. There are many opportunities to build on potential synergies, including on the role of agriculture in structural change in rural areas, on diversifying farm and rural economies, and on ensuring environmental sustainability.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.195
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Improving the resilience of farmers against external shocks is a priority for policy makers. This paper measures the resilience of a sample of farmers in the United Kingdom to assess the impact of the 2011-12 drought on their productivity and income. The analysis allows for the distinction of four resilience capacities: to prepare; to absorb the immediate impact of the shock; to adapt farming practices to a new environment; and to transform the business model, and improve productivity and income in the longer term. Results show that a single farm rarely performs strongly across these four capacities, and that those farms that best absorb the impact of the drought, perform poorly in transforming their business after the shock. While size and diversification improve absorption and adaptation, innovation is a key driver of long-term resilience to keep the pace of productivity gains. In the past, policies on agricultural risk management focused on the absorption capacity of farms and on stabilising income. Forward-looking resilience policies today need to prioritise other capacities, in particular preparedness, adaptation and transformation.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.176
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Digitalisation offers the potential to help address the productivity, sustainability and resilience challenges facing agriculture. Evidence on the adoption and impacts of digital agriculture in OECD countries from national surveys and the literature indicates broad use of digital technologies in row crop farms, but less evidence is available on uptake for livestock and speciality crops. Common barriers to adoption include costs (up-front investment and recurring maintenance expenses), relevance and limited use cases, user-friendliness, high operator skill requirements, mistrust of algorithms, and technological risk. National governments have an important role in addressing bottlenecks to adoption, such as by ensuring better information about costs and benefits of various technologies (including intangible benefits such as quality of life improvements); investing in human capital; ensuring appropriate incentives for innovation; serving as knowledge brokers and facilitators of data-sharing to spur inclusive, secure and representative data ecosystems; and promoting competitive markets.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.177
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Increased productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector are core policy objectives in OECD and non-OECD countries. This Guide provides an overview of the current state of the art in measuring sustainable productivity of the agricultural sector and analysing sources of growth in a reliable and comparable manner across countries in a way useful for policy makers. It draws on the contributions from members of the OECD Network on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and the Environment that brings together relevant experts from academia and national statistical agencies. Its insights will be key for designing policies necessary to meet the triple challenge of feeding a growing world population and providing incomes to food system actors whilst ensuring environmental sustainability.The Guide presents recommendations in two areas. First, on how to improve the traditional calculation of TFP based on market prices inputs and outputs, proposing harmonised methods on capital measurement, land pricing, output aggregation and quality adjustment. Second, on how to account for environmental outcomes, considering a reduction in pollution or emissions as a productivity gain, but the increased use of natural capital as a productivity loss. A main challenge is the estimation of “shadow prices” for non-market inputs and outputs. It is recommended to pursue several complementary avenues: investing in improving TFP methodologies and data; continuing investigating its expansion to include environmental outcomes; and mapping traditional TFP with other indicators of agri-environmental performance.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.175
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: One important constraint to farmers’ adoption of digital technologies, beyond costs, relevance, user-friendliness, human capital requirements, and perceived technology risks, is farmers’ lack of trust in digital technologies. A number of issues underlie this lack of trust: 1) problems of data privacy, security, and confidence in data sharing; 2) cases of misaligned incentives of sellers and buyers of digital technologies; 3) difficulty in learning how to unwrap “black box” technologies; and 4) lack of standards for comparing and certifying the operation of digital technologies. Governments have several potential options to help bridge these trust gaps. These include encouraging firms to decouple their sales of problem assessment from sales of solutions; strengthening public sector extension services and farmers’ technological learning; facilitating the development of risk-sharing arrangements between technology providers and farmers; and exploring ways to promote the standardisation of evaluation and certification of digital agricultural technologies.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.165
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Australia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; France ; Italy ; Norway ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper provides detailed farm level data evidence on the dynamics of farm performance from case studies covering crop farms in Australia, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales), and dairy farms in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Norway, with different recent sample periods of five to thirty years. An increase in productivity over time is common to all countries and most crop farm classes, but productivity dynamics vary significantly. In Australia, strong productivity growth among the most productive crop farms has led to an increase in the gap between the highest and lowest performing farms; whereas in France, Italy and the United Kingdom, productivity growth was weak among the most productive crop farms and the lowest performing farms closed the productivity gap. Productivity also increased among dairy farms, with an increasing gap between the most and the least productive farm classes in the three sample countries. The impact of policy changes on performance dynamics is analysed for decoupled payments in France and England, and dairy payments in the Czech Republic. The main findings across countries and policy implications are discussed in OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Paper N°164.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.157
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Government support for agricultural risk management tools has grown substantially over the past two decades. While these tools can play a role in strengthening farm-level resilience by helping farmers to cope with the financial impact of adverse events, they also modify farmers’ incentives to invest in risk-reducing measures and market tools. Policy design is critical to maximise effectiveness while minimising unintended consequences. This report reviews the accumulated experience on four types of publicly-supported agricultural risk management tools (ex post disaster aid, agricultural insurance, income stabilisation schemes and tax and savings measures). It suggests some basic principles on how countries can improve the design of their agricultural risk management policies, using a holistic approach and focusing on market failures. The report also highlights the need for more transparency on basic programme data, and for periodic public evaluation of existing programmes.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.164
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Australia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; France ; Italy ; Norway
    Abstract: Increasing productivity at farm level is a key policy objective across most countries and fundamental to the overall performance of agricultural and food systems. This paper applies dynamic statistical methods to farm level data in order to identify the determinants of farm performance over time, in terms of productivity and measures of local sustainability. The analysis sheds light on the effects of policies on productivity, and the links between productivity and sustainability outcomes. It draws on key findings from seven case studies: crop farms in Australia, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales); and dairy farms in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Norway, with different sample periods, from the most recent three decades to the last five years. A key finding is that policy changes increasing the degree of decoupling of payments have a positive impact on productivity. Furthermore, with the right incentives, productivity growth can be more locally sustainable insofar as farms can produce more output with less inputs that harm the environment. The detailed background work on the seven samples of crops and dairy farms in the above countries is available in OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Paper N°165.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries working papers 61
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.61
    Keywords: Kleinbauern ; Risikomanagement ; Agrarpolitik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper addresses various aspects of risk and risk management for smallholders in developing countries, and presents a quantitative assessment of farm-level risks and risk management strategies in three emerging economies: Brazil, China and Viet Nam. The analysis covers production, income, and poverty risks. Institutional and political settings in developing countries are frequently less developed and this contributes to a greater incidence of market imperfections in key areas such as credit and insurance, and which in turn lowers farmers’ access to risk management tools and strategies. The result is a widespread reliance on informal mechanisms and community strategies. The effects of risk and responses to risk are also different in developing countries, with smallholders often forced to rely on strategies that perpetuate poverty. When risk is an important consideration in a farm household’s decision on sector transition, insurance or safety-net mechanisms could assist these households to make that transition. The analysis of two regions in Viet Nam shows that those households able to successfully transit to the non-farm sector continued to maintain small plots of land for self-consumption, suggesting that agriculture remains a kind of safety net.
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  • 10
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Smallholder Risk Management in Developing Countries
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport aborde différents aspects des risques et de la gestion des risques dans les petites exploitations agricoles des pays en développement et présente une évaluation quantitative des risques et des stratégies de gestion des risques au niveau des exploitations dans trois pays émergents : le Brésil, la Chine et le Viêtnam. L’analyse couvre les risques liés à la production, aux revenus et à la pauvreté. Dans les pays en développement, les cadres institutionnels et politiques sont souvent moins élaborés, ce qui renforce l’incidence des imperfections du marché dans des domaines essentiels comme le crédit et l’assurance. Cette situation limite l’accès des agriculteurs aux instruments et stratégies de gestion des risques et les rend largement dépendants de mécanismes informels et de stratégies communautaires. Les conséquences des risques et les réponses à ces risques ne sont pas non plus les mêmes dans les pays en développement où les petits exploitants sont souvent contraints de recourir à des stratégies qui entretiennent la pauvreté. Lorsque les décisions de reconversion des ménages agricoles sont largement conditionnées par le risque, l’existence de mécanismes d’assurance ou de filets de sécurité pourrait aider ces derniers à franchir le pas. L’étude des deux régions vietnamiennes montre que les ménages qui ont intégré avec succès le secteur non agricole ont conservé des petites parcelles pour leur consommation personnelle. Cela suggère que l’agriculture reste, d’une certaine façon, un filet de sécurité.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264167513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD International drivers of corruption
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Weltwirtschaft ; Globalisierung ; Korruption
    Abstract: Corruption and other governance problems result primarily from processes generated within the domestic political economy. There are major international factors, however, that interact with domestic processes: international drivers of corruption. This report introduces an analytical tool to help readers understand how these international drivers of corruption affect governance and corruption at the country level. It provides a means for identifying those drivers that matter most for domestic governance, as well as opportunities for international actors to work more effectively to improve governance in specific country contexts.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264167001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Institutional and financial relations across levels of government
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Dezentralisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: As financial markets put more and more pressure on governments to reduce their deficits and debts, sub-central levels of government are a key player in the implementation of national strategies. The room for manoeuvre to implement consolidations strategies coordinated across levels of government highly depends on the institutional structure of intergovernmental relations, and the effectiveness of their multi-level governance structure. This was already the case for recovery strategies, in the beginning of the crisis. This report provides an overview of the institutional and financial relations across levels of government that enables policymakers evaluate their position and identify good practices for mobilizing sub-central governments for national growth, equity and stability objectives. This report is divided into two parts: the first part is analytical and the second part provides institutional and quantitative country information and comparisons.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries working papers 58
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.58
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Klimapolitik ; Klimawandel ; Risikomanagement ; Agrarversicherung ; Second Best ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Climate change affects the mean and variability of weather conditions and the frequency of extreme events, which to a great extent determines the variability of production and yields. This paper reviews the scientific literature on the impacts of climate change on yield variance and investigates their implications for the demand of crop insurance and effectiveness of different farm strategies and policy measures using crop farm data in Australia, Canada and Spain. A microeconomic farm level model is calibrated to different types of farms and used to simulate the responses and impacts of four policy measures: ex post disaster payments and three types of crop insurance (individual yields, area-based yield and weather index). The strong uncertainties about climate change are captured in a set of seven scenarios covering different assumptions about the scope of climate change (no change, marginal change, and high occurrence of extreme events), and farmers’ adaptation response (no adaptation, diversification, and structural adaptation). Policy decision making under these uncertainties is analysed using a standard Bayesian probabilistic approach, but also using other criteria that look for robust second best choices (MaxiMin and Satisficing criteria).
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264168626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Strategic transport infrastructure needs to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: -2030 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Bedarfsplanung
    Abstract: Transcontinental Infrastructure Needs to 2030/50 explores the long-term opportunities and challenges facing major gateway and transport hub infrastructures -- ports, airports and major rail corridors – in the coming decades. The report uses projections and scenarios to assess the broader economic outlook and future infrastructure requirements, and examines the options for financing these, not least against the backdrop of the economic recession and financial crisis which have significantly modified the risks and potential rewards associated with major infrastructure projects. Building on numerous in-depth case studies from Europe, North America and Asia, the report offers insights into the economic prospects for these key facilities and identifies policy options for improved gateway and corridor infrastructure in the future.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264167445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving agricultural knowledge and innovation systems
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissensbasiertes System ; Innovation ; Landwirtschaft
    Abstract: This conference proceedings from the OECD Conference on Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS), held in Paris, on 15-17 June 2011, discusses a large range of experiences and approaches to AKS explores how to foster development and adoption of innovation to meet global food security and climate change challenges. The conference considered developments in institutional frameworks, public and private roles and partnerships, regulatory frameworks conducive to innovation, the adoption of innovations and technology transfers, and the responsiveness of AKS to broader policy objectives.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264115415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This 2011 edition of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises commits 42 countries to new, tougher standards of corporate behaviour. The updated Guidelines include new recommendations on human rights abuse and company responsibility for their supply chains, making them the first inter-governmental agreement in this area. The Guidelines establish that firms should respect human rights in every country in which they operate. Companies should also respect environmental and labour standards, for example, and have appropriate due diligence processes in place to ensure this happens. These include issues such as paying decent wages, combating bribe solicitation and extortion, and the promotion of sustainable consumption. The Guidelines are a comprehensive, non-binding code of conduct that OECD member countries and others have agreed to promote among the business sector. A new, tougher process for complaints and mediation has also been put in place.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264089907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE ; Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE : Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication complements Banking Statistics: Financial Statements of Banks 2010 which provides a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in OECD countries. In addition to information on financial statements of banks in OECD countries, it includes data on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff, structural information on the whole financial sector and ratios aiming at facilitating the analysis of bank profitability of OECD countries. The methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Risk Management in Agriculture in Spain
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse le système de gestion des risques en agriculture mis en oeuvre en Espagne, en adoptant une méthodologie globale qui prend en compte les interactions entre l’ensemble des sources de risques, les stratégies des agriculteurs et les politiques. L’analyse stratégique s’articule autour de trois catégories de risques d’intensité croissante qui réclament chacune une intervention bien spécifique des différents intervenants : les risques normaux (fréquents) dont la prise en charge doit rester au niveau des agriculteurs, les risques commerciaux intermédiaires qui peuvent être transférés par le biais d’instruments du marché, et les risques de catastrophe qui nécessitent l’aide des pouvoirs publics. La délimitation des trois catégories de risques décrites ci-dessus constitue le thème central du présent rapport. Le présent document aborde deux principaux domaines d’intervention stratégiques. Premièrement, la contribution du système d’assurance à l’efficience du marché, qui s’exprime davantage à travers les dispositifs de partage des informations dans le partenariat public-privé, que par les primes subventionnées. Deuxièmement, le système d’assurance en tant qu’instrument d’aide en cas de catastrophe naturelle.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9788831707343
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Venice, Italy 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Venice, Italy 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Questo rapporto su Venezia offre una valutazione complessiva dell’economia della città-regione e di quanto l’utilizzo del territorio, il mercato del lavoro e le politiche ambientali siano inseriti in una visione metropolitana. A guidare questa ricerca una nuova immagine delle province di Padova, Venezia e Treviso considerate come un’unica città-regione interconnessa di 2,6 milioni di abitanti. Venezia, con i suoi elevati livelli occupazionali e di crescita, si situa tra le aree urbane più dinamiche e produttive all’interno dell’ocse. Sviluppatasi sul modello delle piccole imprese e dei distretti industriali, sta ora affrontando una profonda trasformazione economica. Lo storico nucleo urbano di Venezia, erede di secoli di sviluppo economico costruito sui mari, vede ogni giorno accentuarsi l’esplosione nella terra ferma circostante di una struttura spaziale assai articolata capace di integrare in una unica area urbana altre antiche presenze come Padova e Treviso e la consistente rete di città minori. Il modello della city-region assunto dall’ocse per Venezia (uno spazio urbano entro cui si muove quotidianamente la gran parte dei lavoratori e degli studenti per la maggior parte dei giorni dell’anno) deve confrontarsi con sfide ambientali sempre più impegnative, conseguenza dell’aumento del traffico e dei crescenti costi infrastrutturali esacerbati dai fenomeni di dispersione urbana. Anche la sua struttura demografica sta mutando in seguito all’invecchiamento della popolazione, alla presenza di immigrati e al progressivo spopolamento del centro storico della città. Questo rapporto offre un’analisi comparativa di questi temi e, utilizzando il database metropolitano ocse, si concentra nello specifico su produttività e crescita; considerando l’economia regionale, la pianificazione urbana, gli studi sul sistema dei trasporti e i problemi idrologici evidenzia i cambiamenti all’interno della città-regione. Alla luce del programmato sviluppo delle connessioni ferroviarie tra le città, questo studio richiama l’esigenza di programmi atti ad aumentare le sinergie economiche tra Venezia e le città vicine; prende in esame strumenti chiave per promuovere la crescita economica e la governance metropolitana, proponendo inoltre un migliore coordinamento delle politiche riguardanti l’uso del territorio, dei servizi aggiuntivi per lo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese e del potenziamento dell’innovazione legata alle università. Il rapporto valuta la qualità della governance delle acque e la potenzialità che Venezia ha di diventare un punto di riferimento essenziale in relazione alle strategie di adattamento al cambiamento climatico. La “Territorial Review” di Venezia è parte di una serie di studi tematici sulle regioni metropolitane, condotti dal Territorial Development Policy Committee dell’ocse. L’obiettivo generale di questi studi è di delineare e diffondere presso i governi nazionali raccomandazioni riguardo alle politiche orizzontali da adottare.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264045095
    Language: Polish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (570 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital; Condensed Version 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune ; Version abrégée 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital: Condensed Version 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune : Version abrégée 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beit Dagan : Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel
    ISBN: 9789264126114
    Language: Hebrew
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Israel 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Israel 2010
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Israel
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264097629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Nordeuropa ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Faroe Islands ; Greenland ; Iceland ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Regionalentwicklung ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: The North Atlantic (NORA) region is a transnational area comprising the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the coastal counties of Norway. These territories are linked by shared characteristics and challenges, as well as by historical, institutional and cultural links. Improving accessibility to the region, ensuring sustainable development of its fisheries, enlarging and diversifying its economic base, and meeting the challenges of climate change are key issues. Strengthened regional co-operation can help these territories address them by exchanging know-how and best practices, pooling resources and reaching economies of scale, improving the efficiency of public sector provision, and increasing the “voice” of the region. However, transnational co-operation in the NORA region faces some barriers, as it involves territories that compete in their main economic activities, are separated by large distances, and have strong institutional and economic links with other countries and regions. In order to get the most from transnational co-operation, this report recommends that the NORA territories: focus co-operation efforts on targeted themes and issues; draw up a regional development strategy; promote greater awareness of the benefits of co-operation; develop a “variable geometry” approach to regional co-operation; and enlarge and refine the role of the NORA institution as a facilitator of co-operation.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096868
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE; Suisse, 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE: Suisse, 2011
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Switzerland
    Abstract: BLURB - GERMAN Die Regionen in der Schweiz erzielen in vielen Hinsichten gute Ergebnisse. Sie verbuchen ein hohes BIP pro Einwohner, die Arbeitslosigkeit ist niedrig, und manche Regionen verzeichnen ein beeindruckendes Wirtschaftswachstum. Auβerdem steht die Schweiz nicht vor Herausforderungen, mit denen viele ähnliche Regionen in der OECD konfrontiert wurden, wie mangelnder Zugang zu Dienstleistungen oder Bevölkerungsrückgang durch Überalterung oder Abwanderung. Nur die Förderung der Arbeitsproduktivität stellt weiterhin ein Problem dar, mit dessen Lösung die Regionalpolitik sich befassen muss. Zur Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsleistung wurde 2008, im Anschluss an den OECD-Prüfbericht 2002, die neue Schweizer Regionalpolitik (NRP) eingeführt. Die NRP stellt einen klaren Paradigmenwechsel dar, da sie sich nicht mehr auf den Bau von Infrastrukturen und die Gewährung von Finanzhilfen konzentriert, sondern die Wirtschaftsförderung zur gezielten Mehrwertschöpfung in den Regionen in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Dieser Bericht enthält Empfehlungen, wie das Ergebnis der NRP durch die Ausweitung des Wirkungsbereichs auf das gesamte Land, engere interkantonale Zusammenarbeit und besser koordinierte Sektoralpolitiken optimiert werden kann. Ferner befasst der Bericht sich mit der regionalen Innovationsförderung. In diesem Rahmen wird empfohlen, die Aufgaben der einzelnen Staatsebenen klarer zu definieren, Forschung und Technologietransfer auf Landesebene vom Bund finanzieren zu lassen und die Kantone mit der Innovationsförderung in den Funktionalräumen zu beauftragen. Der OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz 2011 ist in das breiter gefasste Raumentwicklungsprogramm des OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee eingebettet. Ziel der Prüfberichte ist es, den Behörden der einzelnen Staaten praxisbezogene Ratschläge für die Raumentwicklung zu geben. Zu den bereits geprüften Ländern zählen Chile, Finnland, Frankreich, Italien, Japan, Kanada, Korea, Luxemburg, Mexiko, Norwegen, Polen, Portugal, Schweden und die Schweiz, die Tschechische Republik und Ungarn. Leseempfehlung OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz (2002)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264116351
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current asparagus standard. This updated brochure illustrates the revised standard text on asparagus. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high-quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in asparagus. The brochure also includes a USB key containing the electronic version of the publication.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264094444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; England ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regionalplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264110984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Job-rich growth in Asia
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Asien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Asien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: Jobs-rich Growth in Asia discusses some of the most pressing issues that countries in Southeast Asia are facing in regard to boosting local employment and skills development while advancing social protection strategies in emerging, fast-growing labour markets. A joint OECD/ILO initiative, this book analyses local approaches in Asia to modernise labour markets and skills strategies and shows how local recovery is taking place through a combination of policy measures on employment creation, skills development and social protection.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264096233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic diversification in Africa
    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Afrika ; Angola ; Benin ; Kenia ; Südafrika ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Afrika ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This study provides an empirical review of the role of governments, the private sector, regional economic institutions and the broader international community in driving economic diversification. Individual case studies of five African economies describe both the catalysts of and barriers to diversification. The study is published jointly by the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (UN-OSAA) and the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concepcion : Bio Bio Regional Agency for Innovation and Productive Development, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264075900
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development; Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development: Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9788691513702
    Language: Serbian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264166721
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current Inshell Hazelnuts and Hazelnut Kernels standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text on Inshell Hazelnuts and Hazelnut Kernels. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in Inshell Hazelnuts and Hazelnut Kernels. The brochure also includes a USB key containing the electronic version of the publication.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 94 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Risk Management in Agriculture in Canada
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Canada
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse le système de gestion des risques en agriculture mis en œuvre en Australie, en adoptant une méthodologie globale qui prend en compte les interactions entre l’ensemble des sources de risques, les stratégies des agriculteurs et les politiques. L’analyse stratégique s’articule autour de trois catégories de risques d’intensité croissante qui réclament chacune une intervention bien spécifique des différents intervenants : les risques normaux (fréquents) dont la prise en charge doit rester au niveau des agriculteurs, les risques commerciaux intermédiaires qui peuvent être transférés par le biais d’instruments du marché, et les risques de catastrophe qui nécessitent l’aide des pouvoirs publics. La délimitation des trois catégories de risques décrites ci-dessus constitue le thème central du présent rapport. Au Canada, le système se caractérise par un nombre excessif de politiques, ce qui ne permet pas aux agriculteurs de comprendre facilement de quelles catégories de risques ils doivent assurer eux-mêmes la gestion. Les politiques, au nombre desquelles figurent Agri-investissement, Agri-assurance, Agri-stabilité et Agri-relance, côtoient des mesures plus ponctuelles. L’analyse d’Agri-stabilité permet de mieux comprendre l’économie des politiques de stabilisation des revenus agricoles.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264094475
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Edition: Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008; Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008: Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: La inversión extranjera directa (IED) es uno de los principales motores de la globalización. A medida que los patrones de inversión de las empresas multinacionales se vuelven más complejos, es necesario contar con estadísticas de IED fiables y comparables a nivel internacional para una toma de decisiones sensata y sólida. La Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa de la OCDE, establece la norma general para las estadísticas de IED, pues ofrece un punto de referencia único para los productores de estadísticas y para los usuarios en todos los aspectos de la información relacionada con la IED, sin dejar de ser consistente con otras normas estadísticas aceptadas a nivel internacional. Esta edición presenta nuevos desgloses analíticos y tratamientos estadísticos que reflejan de una forma más adecuada la realidad de la economía mundial. La edición revisada de la Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ofrece métodos para clasificar distintos tipos de IED (como fusiones y adquisiciones, inversiones nuevas) y para identificar al inversor final. Esta nueva edición también contempla aspectos relacionados con el uso de las estadísticas de IED, incluyendo indicadores de globalización, con un capítulo sobre las estadísticas relacionadas con las actividades de las empresas multinacionales.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264092211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.13
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The impact of the financial crisis on the insurance sector and policy responses
    Keywords: Versicherung ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: This special report assesses the impact of the crisis on the insurance sector and reviews policy responses within OECD countries. It is based to a large extent on a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire that was circulated to OECD countries in 2009. The report shows that generallythe insurance sector demonstrated resilience to the crisis, though with some variation across the OECD, and concludes with a number of policy conclusions.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264100817
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benefits of investing in water and sanitation
    DDC: 628.1
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Kanalisation ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Abwasserbeseitigung
    Abstract: The provision of water supply, sanitation and wastewater services generates substantial benefits for public health, the economy and the environment. Benefit-to-cost ratios can be as high as 7 to 1 for basic water and sanitation services in developing countries. Wastewater treatment interventions, for example, generate significant benefits for public health, the environment and for certain economic sectors such as fisheries, tourism and property markets. The full magnitude of the benefits of water services is seldom considered for a number of reasons, including the difficulty in quantifying important non-economic benefits such as non-use values, dignity, social status, cleanliness and overall well-being. Also, information about the benefits of water services is usually hidden in the technical literature, where it remains invisible to key decision-makers in ministries. This report draws together and summarises existing information on the benefits of water and sanitation.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 145 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Each country note has the following structure: Section 1 gives a brief overview of the main economic developments in recent years in the relevant country including real GDP, fiscal balance and gross debt figures. This presentation is mainly based on the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a), and uses OECD definitions of general government balance and gross debt which may differ from national definitions (see Box 2.1). Section 2 presents the government’s fiscal consolidation strategies as manifested in fiscal balance and gross debt targets over the medium term, the size of the consolidation, and the composition of expenditures and revenues. Section 2 is based on information from the national authorities (or publicly available information) which may use other definitions of fiscal balance and gross debt than the OECD in Section 1. For example, most EU countries have reported such figures on a Maastricht basis. Major consolidation measures are given in Section 3, quantified to the largest extent possible in local currencies and current prices annually. Expenditure measures are split between operational and programme measures and other initiatives. Revenue measures are listed without categories. Updates and additional consolidation measures may have been adopted in member countries after the data collection ended in November/December 2010, but are outside the scope of this analysis. Table 1 summarises the government’s specific consolidation measures and their impact. The impact is given in per cent of nominal GDP, calculated by the OECD Secretariat by using nominal forecasts of GDP from the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a). Eventual pension reforms are also included in this section. Section 4 provides recent or planned institutional reforms. Table 2 summarises the government’s fiscal consolidation plan as presented in Section 2 and corresponding figures.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This chapter discusses OECD member countries’ consolidation plans as of November/December 2010. The time frame for the plans ranges from 2009 to 2015. The chapter analyses current fiscal positions and announced fiscal strategies, consolidation plans, and the expenditure and revenue measures for 30 OECD member countries.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083745
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of citrus fruit in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in citrus fruit. The book includes a USB key with the electronic version of the publication.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264084926
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This book provides a series of standards regarding the quality, sizing, presentation, and marking of peaches and nectarines in international trade. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force and is is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. This edition illustrates the revised standard text and new trends in international trade; updates the quality requirements for peaches and defines the quality parameters for nectarines. It therefore is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in the international trade in peaches and nectarines.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264084360 , 9789264084377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This second edition of the OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators presents a broad range of indicators showing the magnitude and intensity of globalisation. This process is becoming increasingly important for policymakers and other analysts, hence the need for a volume that brings together the existing measures, based on national data sources and comparable across countries. Together, the indicators shed new light on financial, technological and trade interdependencies within OECD and non-OECD countries. Measures of globalisation include indicators on capital movements and foreign direct investments, international trade, the economic activity of multinational firms and the internationalisation of technology. In addition, the 2010 edition also includes indicators linked to the current financial crisis, portfolio investments, environmental aspects and the emergence of global value chains.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264082151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales; Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales: Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Québec ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's review of rural policy in Quebec. It finds that in rural Québec, both population and personal income are growing, on average, and the province’s economic base continues to diversify. Land occupancy is more homogenous than in the rest of Canada, due to the presence of denser networks of small and medium-sized communities. However, mirroring the situation at the national level, the province displays large regional disparities. The sustainability of some rural communities, especially if remote and resource-based, is challenged by demographic and economic decline. In this context, Québec has developed one of the most advanced rural policy approaches in the OECD, closely in line with the framework suggested in the OECD’s New Rural Paradigm. The province’s rural policy does not have a sectoral focus, and aims at community empowerment and land occupancy. To maximize returns on its rural policy investments, Québec needs to integrate social development more strongly with economic and entrepreneurial development, and further strengthen the supra-local level of government as the centre for rural and territorial development strategies. This should be combined with stabilisation measures in lagging areas, through the accumulation of human capital and enhanced access to land in predominantly rural territories. To address environmental challenges, natural resources should be protected both in the outskirts of metropolitan zones and in remote areas.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264087255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional development policies in OECD countries
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Policy makers need both a handy reference guide to the regional policies of their own and other countries and a broader analysis of trends in regional policies, based on sound, comparable information. Regional Policies in OECD Countries responds to this need. It is the first systematic, comparative analysis of OECD countries’ regional policies. The report addresses fundamental regional policy concerns, such as: problem recognition; the objectives of regional policy; the legal/institutional framework; the urban/rural framework; budget structures; and the governance mechanisms linking national and sub-national governments as well as sectors. It begins with an overview of the regional policy today. This is followed by country profiles covering the 31 OECD members. The profiles share a common conceptual framework, allowing countries to see how their experiences measure up. The report also contains several annexes, which cover some of the countries that are candidates for accession to the OECD or with which the OECD has enhanced engagement. The annexes also cover the key topics of cross-border cooperation and trends in urban-rural linkages, especially efforts to control urban sprawl. The report will help countries to better understand regional policies and to formulate and diffuse horizontal policy recommendations. The analysis suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping sustainable endogenous development, in particular well-developed governance mechanisms to better respond to the different opportunities and demands of regions and to improve policy efficiency. This report is a unique source of regional policy information and of special interest to policy makers, researchers, and others engaging with regional development.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264096158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: The books on “Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms” constitute a compilation of the OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents. When published, Volume 1 and 2 contained the documents issued before 2006; Volume 3 and 4 are a continuation of the compilation up to 2010. The OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work. This is intended to encourage information sharing, promote harmonised practices, and prevent duplication of effort among countries. These books offer ready access to those consensus documents which have been issued on the website thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic organisms (crops, trees, microorganisms), to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hiroshima : Institute of Administrative Management, Japan
    ISBN: 9784906596072
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Performance Budgeting in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La budgétisation axée sur la performance dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: 本書では、過去10年に業績情報を開発し、予算プロセスで使用してきた8つのOECD加盟国(オーストラリア、カナダ、デンマーク、韓国、オランダ、スウェーデン、英国、米国)の経験を検証する。業績情報が実際に予算の意思決定に使われているか否かを調べ、使われている場合はその方法を分析するとともに、資源と結果の関係や、効率、有効性、業績の改善に対する影響、これらの国々における過去数年の経験から得られる教訓について考察する。本書は業績情報の使用を促進する予算システムを採用する際の指針となる。
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264082052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Catalonia, Spain
    RVK:
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Katalonien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Katalonien ; Innovationsförderung
    Abstract: This review of regional innovation assesses how to improve Catalonia's current strategy and actions in order to boost its innovation system through both its own programmes and those of Spain and the European Union. It finds that with over seven million inhabitants and a GDP of around EUR 204 billion, Catalonia is not only an important region within Spain, but within the OECD as well. Indeed, its economic output is similar to countries like Portugal and Norway. The region experienced massive population growth over the past decade, due to immigration, which in part drove GDP growth. However, Catalonia’s productivity is slipping, relative to other OECD regions, necessitating the transition to a productivity-driven growth model through a stronger regional innovation system. The region has successfully strengthened its research base, with investments in R&D having increased four-fold over the past decade. Catalonia is now mobilising actors across the innovation system in regional centres, such as Barcelona, to improve productivity and address social challenges.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264089846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (191 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Berlin is a creative city attracting talent from around the world. The Berlin Senate has made great strides in developing innovation as a pillar of its economy. But challenges remain: there is long-term unemployment, a low absorptive capacity in small and medium-sized enterprises and a large migrant population that lags behind in educational and labour market outcomes. How can Berlin’s higher education institutions capitalise on their long tradition of professionally relevant learning and research to transform social, economic and environmental challenges into assets and opportunities? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions´ regional and local orientation? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for Berlin’s development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 47
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Farm Level Analysis of Risk and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Cross Country Analysis
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Ce document présente les travaux sur l’analyse de l’environnement, des stratégies et des politiques relatifs à la gestion des risques au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Deux types de résultats sont présentés: des indicateurs statistiques de l’exposition au risque au niveau de chaque agent, et des résultats de simulation de stratégies de gestion des risques obtenus à l’aide d’un modèle de simulation microéconomique.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264095434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: The books on “Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms” constitute a compilation of the OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents. When published, Volume 1 and 2 contained the documents issued before 2006; Volume 3 and 4 are a continuation of the compilation up to 2010. The OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work. This is intended to encourage information sharing, promote harmonised practices, and prevent duplication of effort among countries. These books offer ready access to those consensus documents which have been issued on the website thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic organisms (crops, trees, microorganisms), to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264091375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities and climate change
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Klima ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Klima ; Klimakatastrophe ; Klimaveränderung ; Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. At the same time, better urban planning and policies can reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the resilience of urban infrastructure to climate change, thus shaping future trends. This book shows how city and metropolitan regional governments working in tandem with national governments can change the way we think about responding to climate change. The chapters analyse: trends in urbanisation, economic growth, energy use and climate change; the economic benefits of climate action; the role of urban policies in reducing energy demand, improving resilience to climate change and complementing global climate policies; frameworks for multilevel governance of climate change including engagement with relevant stakeholders; and the contribution of cities to “green growth”, including the “greening” of fiscal policies, innovation and jobs. The book also explores policy tools and best practices from both OECD and some non-member countries. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. The book will be relevant to policy makers, researchers, and others with an interest in learning more about urbanisation and climate change policy.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264087095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE sur la réglementation des pensions professionnelles ; Méthodologie pour l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE sur la réglementation des pensions professionnelles : Méthodologie pour l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD principles of occupational pension regulation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; OECD ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Occupational pensions play a major role in OECD countries and worldwide, complementing retirement income from state sources. At the end of 2009, private pension savings reached USD 25 trillion. Population ageing has led many OECD countries to undertake a wide range of pension reforms – the overall effect of which has been to reduce public pension promises and, in turn, to increase the importance of private pension savings for retirement. The Core Principles cover seven key areas: i) Conditions for effective regulation and supervision; ; ii) Establishment of pension plans, pension funds, and pension fund managing companies; iii) Pension plan liabilities, funding rules, winding up, and insurance; iv) Asset Management; v) Rights of members and beneficiaries and adequacy of benefits; vi) Governance; and vii) Supervision. Each of the seven core principles consists of a main text and a set of implementing guidelines. In the case of the core principle of supervision, the supporting guidelines integrate the IOPS Principles of Private Pension Supervision. The Methodology provides a structured approach for evaluating a jurisdiction’s occupational pension regulatory system in relation to the OECD Core Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264076945
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries 2009; Monitoring and Evaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE 2009 ; Suivi et évaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries 2009: Monitoring and Evaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE 2009 : Suivi et évaluation
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Die Agrarstützung ist in den OECD-Ländern insgesamt zurückgegangen: 2008 machte sie 21% der Bruttoeinnahmen der Landwirte aus – gegenüber 22% im Jahr 2007 und 26% im Jahr 2006 –, womit sie auf das niedrigste Niveau seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre gesunken ist. Agrarpolitik in den OECD-Ländern: Monitoring und Evaluierung 2009 zeigt auf, dass sich dieser Rückgang großenteils aus der Verringerung der Differenz zwischen den Inlands- und den Weltmarktpreisen für Agrarerzeugnisse erklärt. Bei der Entkopplung der Agrarstützung von der Produktion wurden Fortschritte erzielt, auch wenn produktionsgebundene Stützungsmaßnahmen immer noch eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Zudem sind im Ländervergleich große Unterschiede bei der Höhe sowie der Zusammensetzung der Agrarstützung festzustellen. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Auswirkungen der gegenwärtigen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise auf die Landwirtschaft und den seitens der Politik in diesem Zusammenhang ergriffenen Maßnahmen. Die Landwirtschaft wird durch die Krise voraussichtlich weniger beeinträchtigt werden als viele andere Sektoren: Das Engagement des Agrarsektors auf den Finanzmärkten ist vergleichsweise gering, die Nachfrage reagiert weniger auf Einkommensrückgänge, und mit dem bestehenden Katalog an Stützungsmaßnahmen können die Auswirkungen der Krise in vielen Ländern abgefedert werden. Angesichts der schwieriger gewordenen Haushaltssituation, mit der sich die Regierungen konfrontiert sehen, wird es wahrscheinlich zu einer weiteren Neubeurteilung der Förderpolitik insgesamt und damit auch der Agrarstützung kommen. Weitere Themen dieses Berichts sind das 2008 verabschiedete neue Landwirtschaftsgesetz der Vereinigten Staaten, der „Gesundheitscheck“ der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der Europäischen Union und der neue agrarpolitische Rahmen in Kanada, „Growing Forward“. Ein Sonderkapitel befasst sich mit Agrarumweltmaßnahmen in den OECD-Ländern.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264088931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educación Superior en el Desarrollo Regional y Urbano; La Región del Bío-Bío, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educación Superior en el Desarrollo Regional y Urbano: La Región del Bío-Bío, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264084544
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: 환황해권은 중국 북부 해안지역(환발해만), 한국의 남해안과 서해안 지역, 일본 서남 해안지역(규슈)을 포괄한다. 1990년대 초반에 중국이 개방된 이후, 환황해권은 광범위한 제조·운송네트워크를기반으로동아시아에서가장급속도로경제성장을이룩하고있는지역이다 중국의다롄 칭다오 톈진과한국의부산 인천 그리고일본의후쿠오카 기타큐슈가이지역의발전을주도하고있다 그러나환황해권은보유한자산과성장잠재력을충분히활용하지못하고있다 지역내과도한경쟁과미흡한거버넌스시스템구축으로인하여경제통합은큰진전을보이지못하고있다 이지역의운송체제 특히컨테이너운송시장이통합되기위해서는구조적변화가필요하다 사회적·문화적네트워크강화도여전히풀어나가야할과제로남아있고 환경문제역시중요한의제로점차대두되고있다 본보고서는이러한요인들을분석하고 환황해권의경쟁력과통합향상을위한다양한정책을평가한다 본보고서는특히1990년대이후지역정책의핵심의제로떠오르고있는환황해권의초국경적거버넌스체계를검토한다 지역당국간화합은경제성장을도모하고역내다양한문제를해결하기위한전제조건이된다 유럽의OECD 회원국간초국경적협력과북미국가간초국경적협력에대한비교분석도부록에기술되어있다 본보고서는초국경적개발혹은아시아경제개발을목적으로활동하는정책입안자 연구원 비정부기구의관심을충족시켜줄것이다 환황해권내초국경적도시간협력에관한지역정책보고서는OECD 지역개발정책위원회(Territorial Development Policy Committee)가담당하는국가지역정책보고서프로그램의일부이다 지역정책보고서시리즈는국가중앙정부에실질적인정책조언을제공하는일을목적으로한다 과거초국경적협력사례연구로는외레순덴마크스웨덴 지역과비엔나브라티슬라바오스트리아슬로바키아가있다.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264081918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SMEs and entrepreneurship Poland 2010
    Keywords: 2010 ; KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Polen ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: The rapid growth of entrepreneurship and small firms has been one of the greatest successes in post-Communist transformation in Poland. SMEs have greatly contributed to employment, investment and value added in the Polish economy. However, key barriers to further growth remain in the business environment for SMEs and entrepreneurs. This book sets out the current SME and entrepreneurship climate, reviews SME and entrepreneurship issues and policies at national and local levels, and provides observations and recommendations for improving and supporting entrepreneurship and SMEs in Poland.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264085862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report complements earlier OECD work on liquid biofuels and provides information on biomass based heat and power, as well as on biogas. It discusses the heterogeneous portfolio of different biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and pathways of utilisation. It also shows that governments in many countries provide substantial support to the production and use of renewable energy in general, and bioenergy in particular; these support measures are highly diverse and are given at national and various sub-national levels. The results of a large number of life-cycle analyses of various bioheat and biopower chains reviewed in this study indicate that the objective to reduce GHG emissions and fossil energy use is met; indeed the savings estimated for most chains are substantial when compared to fossil alternatives. At present, most of the chains examined do not compete with food and feed production, and thus the implications for agricultural markets are small. It is clear, however, that if a stronger focus on agricultural biomass crops is to be developed, this will require careful design of support policies so as to avoid compromising the ability of the agricultural sector to provide food and feed in a sustainable manner.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264077256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq
    RVK:
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Investitionsrecht ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; Korruption ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Irak ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Iraq ; Irak ; Investitionspolitik ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Internationale Politik
    Abstract: This publication reviews measures taken to support investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq. It finds that Iraqi parliamentary elections, held without major security incidents in March 2010, are the latest in a series of indicators suggesting that the country may be achieving greater stability in governance and security - a key prerequisite for foreign and domestic investment, growth and job creation. Furthermore, the business environment is gradually improving as a result of an ongoing institutional capacity building process supported by the international community. The MENA-OECD Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development is part of this effort, playing a key role in building the capacity of the National Investment Commission and its one-stop shop for investment licensing. The Initiative has helped raise awareness on corruption and bribery issues, provided training for the negotiators of international agreements, and advised on implementing regulations for the landmark Investment Law of 2006. This publication examines these issues, and MENA-OECD involvement in advancing them, for the period 2007-2008.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264088726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Advancing the aquaculture agenda
    Keywords: Aquakultur ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Aquakultur ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Fischereipolitik
    Abstract: Aquaculture now provides more than 50% of the global supply of fisheries products for direct human consumption. This conference proceedings addresses key policy challenges of the aquaculture sector. Policy makers, academics, industry representatives, NGOs and international organisations gathered to discuss the critical economic, environmental and social aspects of aquaculture. This publication presents a selection of key issues covered by the workshop and includes a large number of country case studies, which provide specific examples of national approaches to aquaculture management.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264084902
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the apricots standard in force. This updated brochure illustrates the revised standard text and new trends in the international trade of apricots. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in the international trade in apricots. The brochure also includes a USB key with the electronic version of this publication.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264090231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone ; objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone : objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transition to a low-carbon economy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Umweltmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind. This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers. Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 267-321
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 267-321
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The structure and operation of the financial system have undergone marked changes in the past couple of decades, driven by dramatic improvements in technology, rapid product innovation, integration of financial systems, competition in financial services, and policy, regulatory, and trade reforms. These developments have led to a dynamic, sophisticated, and global financial services arena which fostered economic growth. Yet, the financial and economic crisis has brought to the fore many inappropriate or ill-adapted elements of our approach to financial regulation. The crisis has forced us to think hard about the financial system: how it works, the objectives it should fulfil, and the tools and policies to help shape it. The Policy Framework for Effective and Efficient Financial Regulation, supported by General Guidance and a High-Level Checklist, is a tool that can support ongoing efforts by policymakers, regulators, and supervisors to achieve a stronger, more resilient financial system. It is not meant to substitute for the more focused, micro-prudential principles and guidelines of international standard-setting bodies. But it can guide our strategic thinking and promote governmental leadership and action so that the financial system can play its vital role in the functioning of the economy, both domestically as well as globally. The Policy Framework, including the General Guidance and High-Level Checklist, is the product of work by the Committee on Financial Markets and the Insurance and Private Pensions Committee, and was the subject of a broad public consultation. The Policy Framework challenges policy makers to think about the fundamentals of financial regulation in a globalised financial system. It also invites them to improve their understanding of the financial system and work in close cooperation with other countries to develop proper tools and instruments so that public policy objectives are met. I hope that policymakers will use the Policy Framework in setting national policy and in working with international partners.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264066304
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of inshell hazelnuts in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in Inshell Hazelnuts.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068322
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of pears in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in pears.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264063419
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2007; Public Policies across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pensions dans les pays de l'OCDE 2007 ; Panorama des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2007; Staatliche Politik im OECD-Ländervergleich
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2007: Public Policies across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pensions dans les pays de l'OCDE 2007 : Panorama des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2007: Staatliche Politik im OECD-Ländervergleich
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago : Ministry of the Interior, Chile
    ISBN: 9789568468187
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Chile 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Chile 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile ha alcanzado un fuerte crecimiento económico en los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, su economía depende de unos pocos sectores basados en recursos localizados en un pequeño número de regiones. El desempeño de las regiones chilenas es significativamente variado y las disparidades regionales en PIB per cápita son muy elevadas en comparación con las de los países de la OCDE. Hasta el momento, las regiones chilenas no han dado todo el uso potencial a sus activos, ni tampoco alcanzado su potencial de crecimiento.El presente informe recomienda desplazarse hacia un enfoque territorial del desarrollo chileno, de manera de adaptar de mejor forma la acción pública a las diferentes oportunidades y necesidades de los diversos territorios del país. Para mejorar su productividad, las regiones de Chile resultarían particularmente beneficiadas por políticas contextualizadas y orientadas hacia la innovación y el emprendimiento, y por mejoras en la educación y la capacitación.Al mismo tiempo, cambiar hacia políticas contextualizadas en Chile requerirá el fortalecimiento del marco institucional del nivel regional. Esto implicará aumentar las capacidades y la estructura de los gobiernos regionales, de manera que éstos se transformen en activos participantes de la discusión, la planificación y la coordinación de las políticas de desarrollo regional. Un manejo político multinivel y acuerdos de coordinación, junto a otros mecanismos como la formación de capacidades y el fortalecimiento de las modalidades de participación, ayudará a aumentar la legitimidad, coherencia y efectividad de una reforma en este sentido.Estudios Territoriales OCDE de Chile es parte de un programa más amplio de informes nacionales, emprendido por el Comité de Políticas de Desarrollo Territorial de la OCDE. El foco central de esta serie de Estudios Territoriales es el de proveer a los gobiernos nacionales de recomendaciones prácticas en materia de política. Los países previamente estudiados son Canadá, Corea, Finlandia, Francia, Hungría, Italia, Japón, Luxemburgo, México, Noruega, Polonia, Portugal, República Checa y Suiza.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Warsaw : Ministry of Regional Development, Poland
    ISBN: 9788376100814
    Language: Polish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (245 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Pologne
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Pologne
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264060258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres ; Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres : Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Natural resources and pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    Keywords: Natürliche Ressourcen ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les pensions privées 2008
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As the role of private pension systems grows in importance, there is a need to monitor their development and review their performance in an international context, especially following the crisis in the financial markets in 2008. This first edition of the OECD Private Pensions Outlook provides essential data on assets, investments, membership, and industry structure based on the latest official statistics, as well as a framework for evaluating the trends shaping the pensions industry, based on the role of the private pensions in relation to the public pension system. It also provides comprehensive country profiles, describing private pension arrangements in individual OECD countries. This edition's special feature covers the implications for pensions and private pensions policy of the financial crisis. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs linking graphs and tables via the internet to Excel® table containing the underlying data.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264060906
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (445 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation; 15 Mexican States 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Abstract: Aunque México ha presentado estabilidad macroeconómica en años recientes, el país aún padece de un estancamiento en el crecimiento de su productividad. En un contexto mundial, la competitividad de México a largo plazo necesitará mayor acción tanto en el sector público como en el privado para estimular la innovación y el crecimiento económico en todas las regiones del territorio nacional. En este informe se revisan tanto las políticas nacionales como estatales de México y la manera en que pueden fomentar mejor los sistemas de innovación regional; incluye una semblanza de 15 estados.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264075887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine ; Quelques jalons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine : Quelques jalons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: African agriculture is a sleeping giant. Agribusiness remains in its infancy in most sub-Saharan African countries. Many of them now pay higher prices for imported food products and struggle to keep inflationary pressures under control. Given the strong long-term prospect for world food prices, increasing the productivity of food crops becomes a top priority. It requires sizeable investments in irrigation, storage, transport infrastructure and logistics, as well as better access to markets for inputs (fertilizers, seeds, planting materials and credit). While successful contract-farming schemes exist for export crops, they remain rare for food crops. Greater involvement of the private sector in designing and implementing such food-crop commercialisation programmes could develop viable local food industries. Existing international financing facilities such as the Enhanced Private Sector Assistance (EPSA) for Africa should get full use. Whether Africa can unleash the potential of commercial agriculture in the coming decades also depends in no small part on the continuous and effective support of the international development community. The findings summarised in this volume can serve as building blocks for further international discussions on fostering agro-based private-sector development and lifting smallholders out of poverty.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264055698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sector specific sources of competitiveness in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Branche ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Südosteuropa ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Investitionspolitik
    Abstract: The Western Balkan region benefits from a cost-competitive labour force and geographic and cultural proximity to EU markets. However, cost competitiveness as a source of differentiation is not sustainable. Cost levels are increasing gradually in some sectors, reducing firms’ profitability. In order to sustain competitiveness, the Western Balkans needs to move up the value chain, from investing in automated technology to producing higher-quality goods and enhancing its human capital. This report examines the apparel manufacturing, automotive components and business process and technology outsourcing sectors, focusing on market competitiveness factors, industry key success factors and policy recommendations.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264061545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (123 p)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Japan
    Abstract: The report looks at the evolution of Japanese agricultural policy over the last several decades, but maintains its analytical focus on policies currently in place. In addition to reporting a wide variety of statistics, much of which were provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), use was made of the OECD PSE/CSE database and the OECD Policy Evaluation Model (PEM) for some of the analytical work.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264077195
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Appraisal of the Chilean Fisheries Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile es uno de los participantes más importantes del ámbito pesquero internacional. Este informe describe el reto que ha supuesto el complejo proceso de aprendizaje que el sector pesquero y acuícola chileno ha llevado a cabo y la evolución de sus políticas y sistemas de gestión. Pero durante los últimos cincuenta años el gobierno de los sectores industrial, artesanal y acuícola ha seguido diferentes trayectorias de desarrollo de políticas y la gestión actual refleja las presiones concretas a las que cada segmento del sector hace frente. Chile ha tenido que afrontar cuestiones de sobreinversión, severos descensos en los niveles de captura, disputas entre las partes implicadas, disminución del tamaño de las flotas y enfermedades acuícolas, entre otras. Y la evolución de las políticas continúa, con una serie de iniciativas en marcha para responder a los desafíos actuales. El Estado Chileno ha sido una de las principales fuerzas que se encuentran tras estos avances, sirviendo de base para un sector pesquero y acuícola sólido y robusto.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264068391
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of potatoes in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in potatoes.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264056145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Derecho y Política de la Competencia en El Salvador ; Examen inter-pares
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Derecho y Política de la Competencia en El Salvador : Examen inter-pares
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador’s first competition law took effect on 1 January 2006. The law, following some important amendments in 2007, is sound in most respects. It employs enforcement standards that are consistent with best practices in the worldwide competition community. It provides the new competition agency, La Superintendencia de Competencia (Superintendency) with the powers that it needs to enforce the law effectively. In less than three years El Salvador is off to a good – one might say excellent – start. Its experience can serve, in some ways at least, as an example of an effective way to begin to implement a competition policy...
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044272
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Published within the framework of the OECD Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables, this binder presents comments and illustrations to facilitate the interpretation of standards in force and is a valuable tool for both the inspection authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in this product.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264038585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Luxembourg
    Keywords: Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalpolitik ; Luxemburg ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionale Disparität
    Abstract: In the short span of just a few decades, Luxembourg has moved from a steel-based economy to one more broadly based on financial services. But being nestled between three other countries, each with their own infrastructure and development issues presents challenges. This review examines the economic trends and disparities within the region, including under-exploited assets. It makes recommendations regarding planning, the urban-rural balance, housing and land policy, transport, and R&D and education.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264039483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Progrès agricole au Cameroun, au Ghana et au Mali ; Comprendre les causes et maintenir la dynamique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Progrès agricole au Cameroun, au Ghana et au Mali : Comprendre les causes et maintenir la dynamique
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Cameroon ; Ghana ; Mali
    Abstract: This booklet synthesizes findings from analysis of agricultural policy and performance in three African countries: Cameroon, Ghana and Mali. Case studies of each of these countries were undertaken as part of the Support for African Agriculture Project (SAAP), a project largely financed by the French Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Agriculture and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The purpose was to identify constraints to agricultural growth and poverty reduction that might be eased through better policy, both domestically and internationally. Analysis of agricultural performance focused on trends in output, factor use, and productivity. Analysis of agricultural policy featured measurement of domestic and international price distortions as well as the evolution of aid-financed public expenditures on agriculture.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9788981913694
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (549 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 4 Issue 3; The Legal Framework for Budget Systems; An International Comparison
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire, Volume 4 Numéro 3 ; Le cadre juridique des systèmes budgétaires ; Une comparaison internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 4 Issue 3: The Legal Framework for Budget Systems: An International Comparison
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire, Volume 4 Numéro 3 : Le cadre juridique des systèmes budgétaires : Une comparaison internationale
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264038080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Norvège 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Norvège 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Norway
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Few other countries feature the combination of very low population densities and difficult topography that hinders communication, in addition to a variety of contrasting climates. But the “Nordic welfare model” strives, with a good degree of success, to offer equal living conditions to all citizens by providing proper access to quality public services across the country. This comes, however, at great cost. This publication asks whether such a model can be sustainable in the long run, when population ageing and the reduction of petroleum reserves will reduce the leeway that the rapidly growing economy offers. It examines whether competitiveness and innovation could be further developed, given the high share of resource-based and traditional activities and whether urban policy could be better integrated into regional policy so as to better harness the energy of regional growth engines in different areas of the country, including the northern most parts. Lastly, it looks at whether impending regional reform could facilitate the necessary adaptations by transferring more power to regional councils.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264042247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen OCDE de Políticas Agrícolas; Chile 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen OCDE de Políticas Agrícolas: Chile 2008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brooks, Jonathan Chile
    Keywords: Chile ; Agrarpolitik ; Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Abstract: This Review measures the level and composition of support provided to Chilean agriculture, and evaluates the effectiveness of current measures in attaining their objectives. The study finds that Chile provides much lower support and protection to its agricultural sector than most OECD countries, even though government expenditures on the sector have trebled in real terms over the past ten years. About half of that spending is on public goods such as infrastructure and irrigation, while the other half consists mostly of measures that seek to make Chile’s poorer farmers more competitive. This report suggests ways in which the effectiveness of these policies might be enhanced, including by systematic evaluation of policy performance, by closer co-ordination across government agencies, and by framing policies for smallholders and salaried farm workers in an economy-wide context, so that agricultural policies can focus on potentially competitive farmers and be effectively distinguished from other development and social policies.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Spain
    ISBN: 9788449107610
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The New Rural Paradigm; Policies and Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le nouveau paradigme rural ; Politiques et gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Das neue Paradigma für den ländlichen Raum; Politik und Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The New Rural Paradigm: Policies and Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le nouveau paradigme rural : Politiques et gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Das neue Paradigma für den ländlichen Raum: Politik und Governance
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mérida, Yucatan : Fundación Plan Estratégico de Mérida, A.C., Mexico
    ISBN: 9789264062122
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Yucatan, Mexico 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Yucatan, Mexico 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: El estado mexicano de Yucatán, con su ubicación de importancia estratégica cerca de Estados Unidos de América, América Central y el Caribe, es una de las regiones más dinámicas de la OCDE. Yucatán es también una tierra de contrastes. Es una región rezagada pero en crecimiento, que ofrece una alta calidad de vida y vastos recursos naturales, pero que a la vez padece problemas de sustentabilidad. Sus atracciones turísticas se localizan en zonas rurales que no se benefician de ellas. Cuenta con servicios médicos estatales y peninsulares, pero su cobertura de servicios de salud es desequilibrada. Yucatán es un centro de educación superior en la península y, sin embargo, sus graduados no consiguen empleo. Tienen varias comunidades marginadas en organismos administrativos fragmentados y, si bien los estados que pertenecen a la península comparten un legado y un atractivo culturales comunes, sus instituciones no cooperan entre sí.Resulta claro que Yucatán no aprovecha por completo sus múltiples recursos y, de hecho, los desafíos que prevalecen en la región amenazan con debilitar los bienes locales. Entre estos desafíos se encuentra la necesidad de convertir determinadas actividades en procesos de innovación y diseño de un valor agregado más alto, así como fomentar el que las actividades primarias lleguen a los mercados internacionales. Pese a que el gobierno estatal ha propuesto programas para estimular la formalización de la economía informal, medidas como una mejor reglamentación, la reducción de la burocracia y la oferta de oportunidades de empleo y el acceso al crédito formal podrían causar un mayor impacto. La falta de una visión a largo plazo compartida y coherente es un reto fundamental para mejorar la competitividad regional y la cohesión social en Yucatán. Las recomendaciones de la OCDE sólo pueden ser parte de una estrategia de mayor envergadura para desarrollar una visión colectiva del futuro del estado.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264056404
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in El Salvador; Peer Review
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in El Salvador: Peer Review
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; El Salvador
    Abstract: La primera ley de competencia de El Salvador entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 2006. La ley, con algunas enmiendas importantes de 2007, es sólida en la mayoría de los aspectos. Emplea estándares de aplicación que son coherentes con las mejores prácticas en la comunidad de competencia mundial. Provee la nueva agencia de competencia, la Superintendencia de Competencia, con las facultades que necesita para aplicar la ley de forma efectiva. En menos de tres años El Salvador ha tenido un buen, mejor dicho, excelente comienzo. Su experiencia puede servir, de alguna forma al menos, como ejemplo de una manera efectiva de comenzar a implementar una política de competencia...
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264056473 , 9789264075917
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: The Multilingual Dictionary of Fish and Fish Products is a world standard guide to the names of fish and fish products traded internationally. This fifth edition comprises 1187 items, with descriptions in English and French and the equivalents for the main headings in 18 other languages: Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Croatian, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish. Indexes are provided for each language, including an index of scientific names for species of fish, shellfish, etc.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9788483203941
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Risks and Insurance; A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance et risques environnementaux; Une analyse comparative du rôle de l'assurance dans la gestion des risques liés à l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Risks and Insurance: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance et risques environnementaux: Une analyse comparative du rôle de l'assurance dans la gestion des risques liés à l'environnement
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Desde la creciente incidencia de la contaminación ambiental y la contaminación del suelo hasta las catástrofes naturales, los riesgos producidos por la constante interacción entre las actividades humanas y el medio ambiente son diversos, numerosos y, a menudo, con consecuencias catastróficas. Por lo tanto, la elaboración de planes eficaces de gestión de riesgos, dirigidos a la formulación de estrategias de respuesta viables, requiere la contribución de todos los actores económicos involucrados: grupos privados, instituciones financieras, gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales. Este informe se centra en el papel de las compañías aseguradoras y reaseguradoras en la gestión de riesgos ambientales, en particular, el riesgo de contaminación ambiental y el riesgo de catástrofes naturales. Se discute la asegurabilidad de tales riesgos, se analiza el aumento del riesgo de responsabilidad por contaminación ambiental y las tendencias subyacentes en el desarrollo de regímenes de responsabilidad ambiental en los países de la OCDE. También presenta una visión general de los diversos productos de seguro medioambiental y de las técnicas desarrolladas en respuesta a la evolución legal y fáctica. Además, describe las características especiales de los riesgos por catástrofes naturales, el funcionamiento tradicional del mercado de seguros en la cobertura de tales peligros y opciones alternativas de cobertura, desde los planes gubernamentales contra el riesgo de desastres hasta los nuevos instrumentos financieros de mercado.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264008977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews Portugal; (Portuguese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews Portugal: (Portuguese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: In order to curb rising unemployment and to upgrade low value-added activities, the competitive edge lost in low-cost labour must be earned back through education and innovation. Regional policy stands as a key tool to achieve this shift in a relatively small yet diverse country with moderate economic growth and limited public spending capacity. This report analyses how a paradigm shift in regional policy, building on the knowledge of both public and private stakeholders in specific regions (ranging from dynamic urban areas on the coast to lagging inland areas), could help Portugal fully exploit its potential for sustainable development.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264045262
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This set of standards is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264044234
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development; How to Assess What Works among Programmes and Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development: How to Assess What Works among Programmes and Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Los países miembros de la OCDE dedican recursos signicativos a las políticas para el desarrollo local y regional, sin embargo, los resultados de dichas políticas han sido entendidos pobremente. La evaluación de la política pública representa desafíos conceptuales, técnicos e institucionales. Eso es particularmente cierto para el caso del desarrollo local. Frecuentemente los datos son inadecuados y los múltiples tipos de política pueden interactuar para ocultar los efectos de las iniciativas individuales. Diversos factores externos pueden afectar la economía de una localidad, y los impactos positivos de las políticas en una ubicación pueden causar efectos no deseados en otra. Además, los individuos hacia los cuales va orientada una política pueden cambiar de una localidad a otra. Estas y otras complejidades necesitan considerarse al evaluar qué políticas son verdaderamente efectivas y ecientes. Este es uno de los pocos libros que examina las mejores experiencias en la evaluación de los programas de desarrollo económico local y regional y de creación de empleo. Adecuado para lectores no técnicos, este libro contiene propuestas de política para los gobiernos centrales y locales interesados en mejorar los procesos de evaluación, ampliar la evidencia documental sobre las políticas públicas y desarrollar una cultura de evaluación.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lisboa : Financial Institute for Regional Development, PI, Portugal
    ISBN: 9789729352850
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Portugal 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Portugal 2008
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Portugal
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264043831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Istanbul, Turkey
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Megastadt ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Istanbul ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Turkey ; Istanbul
    Abstract: Istanbul has established itself as the industrial, financial and logistics centre of the country, producing almost one-third of the national output and absorbing the bulk of foreign direct investment. And, on the international scale, Istanbul ranks among the fastest growing OECD metro-regions. This review finds, however, that Istanbul faces challenges that could hamper its ambition to become a Eurasian hub for finance, logistics, culture and tourism, as well as its development in general. Its economy is changing from one driven by labour-intensive activities to one based on knowledge industries, while traditional and labour-intensive sectors (e.g. textiles and its supply chain) are shifting only gradually and slowly to other complementary industry segments. Constraints on human capital development and the informal sector have hindered productivity levels and increased income disparities. Over-migration is putting a burden on Istanbul’s transport, public infrastructure and housing, and earthquake risk management. The scale and variety of these challenges necessitates improving local public management and implementing a national strategy to reduce regional disparities and to limit migration flows towards the megalopolis.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago : Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias, Ministry of Agriculture, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264061781
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Chile 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Chile 2008
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Abstract: El sector agrícola de Chile juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de la economía del país, ayudando a elevar los ingresos y a reducir la pobreza. El sector se beneficia de un clima macroeconómico estable y de un entorno comercial abierto, asimismo, las exportaciones han crecido rápidamente, en particular para productos de alto valor, tales como el vino y la fruta. La prioridad actual del Gobierno es ampliar la base de crecimiento de la agricultura integrando de manera exitosa a los pequeños agricultores del país en las estructuras comerciales. Este estudio mide el nivel y la magnitud del apoyo que se brinda a la agricultura chilena, y evalúa la eficacia de las medidas actuales en el logro de sus objetivos. El estudio revela que Chile ofrece mucho menos apoyo y protección a su sector agrícola en comparación con la mayoría de los países de la OCDE, a pesar de que los gastos del gobierno en el sector se han triplicado en términos reales durante los últimos diez años. Cerca de la mitad de ese gasto se debe a bienes públicos como infraestructura y riego, mientras que la otra mitad se compone principalmente de las medidas que buscan hacer más competitivos a los agricultores de Chile. Este reporte sugiere formas en las que se puede mejorar la eficacia de esas políticas, incluyendo la evaluación sistemática de la ejecución de las mismas, por medio de una coordinación más estrecha entre los organismos gubernamentales y con la elaboración de políticas para los pequeños agricultores y para los trabajadores agrícolas asalariados en un contexto amplio de la economía, para que las políticas agrícolas puedan centrarse en los agricultores potencialmente competitivos y se distingan de manera efectiva e otros desarrollos y políticas sociales.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-28
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-28
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This article examines the recent financial market turmoil, contagion risks and policy responses. It begins by looking at the origins of the crisis, then considers the impact of the crisis on markets and the financial sector, and concludes by offering some policy lessons from the downturn.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264038288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles ; Bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles : Bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and state OECD countries ; Agriculture and Food ; Agrarpolitik ; Zielbildung ; Einkommenspolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Agricultural policies are dominated by broad measures such as market price support and general payments to all land, animals or farmers. As a result, it is often difficult to associate a particular policy with any specific objective. Recognising the challenge facing policy makers who wish to design more precisely targeted policies, this study defines the operational characteristics of targeted policies and illustrates best practice with concrete examples. The relationship between target variables and objectives is explored and practical ways to define targets or actions are also examined.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264007932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Randstad Holland, Netherlands
    Keywords: Ballungsraum ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Governance-Ansatz ; Randstad Holland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Randstad is a poly-centric urban area in western Netherlands, comprising Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht and several smaller cities. It is one of the most densely populated areas in the OECD, and has developed into an advanced urban economy with many leading sectors, such as logistics, horticulture and financial services. The Randstad has one of the lowest unemployment rates in all OECD countries, and it is one of the most attractive metropolitan areas for FDIs. However, even though the Randstad had high growth rates over the 1990s, it performed less well in the 2000s. In particular, the Randstad has witnessed relatively low labour productivity growth over the last decade - much lower than cities such as Munich or Stockholm for instance. This Review aims to provide a detailed diagnosis and solutions for improving the competitiveness of the Randstad. The Randstad does not seem to exploit well the proximity of its four large cities, and therefore it does not represent an integrated functional urban system. Key recommendations are: improve internal accessibility within the area; facilitate knowledge transfers to the private sector; increase flexibility in housing and labour market; and strengthen the coordination of the economic specialities of its cities, such as higher education and tourism. Changing the governance framework is a key condition of success: individual city-regions within the Randstad should be granted more responsibilities, and a Randstad agenda should be created, prioritising improvement of regional public transport. This Territorial Review of the Randstad is integrated into a series of thematic reviews of metropolitan regions undertaken by the OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee. The overall aim of these case studies is to draw and disseminate horizontal policy recommendations for national governments.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264017764
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Rural Policy Reviews; Germany 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Germany 2007
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Dieser Prüfbericht befasst sich mit den Herausforderungen und Chancen ländlicher Räume in Deutschland. Nach wie vor besteht ein erhebliches Ost-West-Gefälle, und dieses hat eindeutig auch ländliche Dimensionen. Auch Faktoren wie GAP-Reformen, Bevölkerungsalterung und Migration werden wichtige Auswirkungen auf ländliche Räume haben. Dieser Bericht konstatiert, dass Deutschlands derzeitiger Ansatz im Bereich der ländlichen Entwicklung und der Politik für ländliche Räume in erster Linie sektorbezogen ist und daher weder der Vielfalt der ländlichen Regionen voll gerecht wird noch die Entwicklung von Programmen fördert, die auf die Bedürfnisse der jeweiligen Orte zugeschnitten sind.
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