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  • 2020-2024  (41)
  • International Energy Agency  (24)
  • Internationale Energieagentur  (15)
  • Engler, Steven  (2)
  • Andersen, Hans Christian
  • Energiepolitik  (41)
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  • 1
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    Denmark 2023 : Energy Policy Review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264939745
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Dänemark ; Energy ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies. This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Denmark and the IEA. It draws on the IEA's extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA member countries to assess Denmark’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Denmark’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable clean energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/755105d6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
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    The Evolution of Energy Efficiency Policy to Support Clean Energy Transitions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264675124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Energieeinsparung ; Saubere Energie ; Welt ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Governments, businesses and citizens around the globe are facing the challenge of climate change and how to accelerate global clean energy transitions to reach net zero emissions by 2050 at the latest. Central to reducing energy-related emissions are the move away from fossil fuel use to electrified systems; significant and sustained improvements in energy efficiency; and an increase in renewable electricity generation capacity. Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, as part of Japan’s Presidency of the G7, asked the International Energy Agency (IEA) to examine the evolution of energy efficiency policy in the context of the clean energy transitions. This acted to support discussions among G7 countries to provide insights and direction for the G7 energy and climate agenda. This report reflects the findings of these discussions, and uses them as a basis for guiding policy makers towards the development of policies to hasten the delivery of the energy system required for clean energy transitions. The challenge is considerable but, as this report demonstrates, governments have already begun the process of transforming their energy efficiency policies to address it. The report outlines the ways in which energy efficiency polices can develop to incorporate flexibility and engagement levers and provides insights into policy developments in major economies, with examples in three main sectors: demand flexibility in appliances and buildings, vehicle fuel economy standards, industrial energy and carbon reporting.
    DOI: 10.1787/18f6db00-en
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  • 3
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    Finland 2023 Energy Policy Review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264878532
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (187 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Finnland ; Energy ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: Finland has set one of the most ambitious climate targets in the world, a legal obligation to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. It has made notable progress towards this target, deploying the first new nuclear reactor in Europe in over 15 years and strongly expanding wind generation. Thanks to the progress Finland has made on its clean energy transition, the country has the second lowest share of fossil fuels in its energy supply among IEA members. It is also reducing its reliance on Russian energy imports and ensuring energy security by increasing imports from other countries, raising domestic renewable energy production and improving energy efficiency. Despite these notable successes in clean energy and energy security, significant challenges remain. Imported fossil fuels still account for over a third of the energy supply while some areas of the Finnish economy, such as transport and key industrial activities, remain dependant on fossil fuels. Also, land use change and forestry in Finland, which have historically offset a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions, became a net source of emissions for the first time in 2021. In this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Finland smoothly manage the transition to a secure, efficient and flexible carbon neutral energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/d435fa51-en
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  • 4
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    Italy 2023 Energy Policy Review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264439467
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Italien ; Energy ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Since the last review in 2016, Italy has raised its climate ambitions by aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050, and the country is on track to reach its 2030 targets for emissions reductions and energy efficiency. The government has taken encouraging initial steps to overcome the long permitting procedures, administrative burdens and increasing local opposition that have delayed new renewable installations. Italy in 2022 successfully reduced its reliance on Russian natural gas imports, by signing new contracts with alternative suppliers, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing overall demand for natural gas through an accelerated shift to alternative energy sources and a stronger focus on energy efficiency, especially in the building sector, will not only further strengthen energy security, but also help the country meet its climate targets. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Italy effectively transform its energy sector in line with its goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/278dd18f-en
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  • 5
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    Greece 2023 Energy Policy Review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264325692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Griechenland ; Energy ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: Greece aims to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and reach net zero emissions by 2050. It has made notable progress towards meeting these targets. This includes significantly reducing its reliance on lignite and setting a binding target to end lignite-fired power generation by 2028 while working to ensure a just transition in its lignite mining regions and reducing energy poverty. Greece has also made strong progress on renewable energy, which covered 20% of its total final energy consumption in 2021. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Greece is reducing its reliance on Russian energy imports and ensuring secure access to energy by diversifying its supply and increasing domestic energy production. Despite these notable successes, significant challenges remain. Fossil fuels still account for most of Greece’s energy use and stronger efforts are needed on energy efficiency. n this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Greece smoothly manage its transition to a secure, efficient and flexible carbon neutral energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5b94b37-en
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  • 6
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    Colombia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264628984
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Kolumbien ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member, accession and association countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This first energy policy review of Colombia's energy policies examines the country's achievements in developing its energy sector as well as the challenges it faces in ensuring a sustainable energy future. Colombia's energy transition policy making is an inspiring example of a fossil fuel producing country committed to climate action, based on a long-term decarbonisation pathway and a policy of energy and economic diversification and a just transition. This report provides insights into Colombia's unique energy system transformation, which is linked to expanding access to electricity and clean cooking for its citizens and swiftly deploying renewable energy technologies. It analyses the full breadth of the country's energy sector and presents recommendations for strengthening the country's people-centred, secure and clean energy transition. These include clean energy technology and innovation, adapting energy market rules, notably in power and gas markets; integrating higher shares of variable renewables; addressing air quality; and reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/d88e2a06-en
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  • 7
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    Uganda Energy Transition Plan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646056
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Dekarbonisierung ; Energiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Uganda ; Energy ; Uganda
    Kurzfassung: Uganda’s Energy Transition Plan (ETP) is a strategic roadmap for the development and modernisation of Uganda’s energy sector. It charts an ambitious, yet feasible pathway to achieve universal access to modern energy and power the country’s economic transformation in a sustainable and secure way. The plan was developed by Uganda’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, with support from the International Energy Agency, and provides the groundwork for the government’s upcoming Integrated Energy Resource Master Plan. The analysis does not just look at Uganda in isolation but considers how global trends are influencing and opening up new opportunities, notably driven by rapidly evolving clean technology costs and shifts in energy and climate finance. Particular focus is paid to making use of the country’s considerable energy and mineral resources, and parlaying this into economic development for Uganda, a core pillar to ensure the pathway in the ETP is a just and inclusive one. The report provides detailed sector-by-sector analysis, including key targets and milestones, estimates of investment needs, and includes high-level recommendations for its implementation. While the focus of the report is from now to 2050, the ETP also highlights key steps to further the energy sector’s decarbonisation beyond 2050 and estimates at what point the energy sector is poised to reach net zero.
    DOI: 10.1787/8164a067-en
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  • 8
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    New Zealand 2023 Energy Policy Review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264405950
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Neuseeland ; Energy ; New Zealand
    Kurzfassung: New Zealand has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including achieving net zero emissions by 2050. The country enjoys many natural advantages for its energy transition, including an enviable renewable resource base. New Zealand already has a low‑emissions electricity system, with significant production from both hydropower and geothermal, and therefore has an attractive opportunity to leverage this clean electricity to decarbonise end-user sectors. This will require not only sizeable technological investments to efficiently electrify transport and industry, but will also necessitate a sizeable buildout of additional renewables generation capacity, along with supplemental grid and storage investments. Notably, the transport sector accounts for the highest share of emissions and is almost entirely dependent on oil. Industry is also a major contributor to New Zealand’s emissions and is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help New Zealand effectively manage the transformation of its energy sector in line with its climate targets.
    DOI: 10.1787/d99c3085-en
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  • 9
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    Boosting Efficiency in Latin America : Delivering Affordability, Security and Jobs to Advance People-centred Energy Transitions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264419179
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Lateinamerika ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Countries around the world are facing an energy security and affordability crisis affecting households, businesses and public budgets. In Latin America, household expenditure on energy services is second only to food. On average, the share of household budget for energy ranges between 7% and 9% of income – and up to more than 24% for the poorest households. As governments urgently implement measures to protect citizens and secure their economies, it is important to consider short- and long- term solutions to ease existing pain and reduce risks over time. While much attention focuses on securing energy supplies, it is equally important to take a hard look at the role of more efficient and flexible demand in securing affordable, reliable energy.Decades of policies and programmes have delivered energy savings around the world. As a result, energy systems are more resilient, bills are lower, and public budgets feel less pressure than they would have without these efforts. This report looks at energy efficiency and demand management policies and programmes across Latin America. It presents evidence of the results of these efforts on improving living standards, public budgets, energy security and employment, and provides a view on the opportunities to expand these benefits and support just energy transitions.
    DOI: 10.1787/61d512e6-en
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  • 10
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    Australia 2023 Energy Policy Review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264445222
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Australien ; Energiepolitik ; Energy ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Since the IEA’s last review in 2018, Australia has significantly raised its climate ambitions, with the 2022 Climate Change Act doubling the target for emissions reductions by 2030 and setting the goal of reaching net zero emissions by 2050. To match these increased ambitions, Australia is seeking to update its existing strategies, starting with the preparation of a new emissions reduction plan for 2050. Emission reductions and energy efficiency improvement rates need to double by 2030, and further steps will be required to achieve the government’s clean electricity target. Such efforts would support both climate and energy security goals. To support its clean energy transition, Australia needs to strengthen its resilience to supply disruptions across all fuels, whether from climate change impacts or global energy price shocks. Flexibility, fuel availability and resilient infrastructure will become even more vital as Australia’s energy system incorporates very high shares of variable renewables and is likely to face more frequent and more extreme weather events. Gas market reforms can help ensure energy security during the transition. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Australia effectively manage the transformation of its energy sector in line with its goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/ebff8fca-en
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  • 11
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    Canada 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264505087
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (261 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Kanada ; Energy ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Since the last IEA review in 2015, Canada has made a series of enterprising international and domestic commitments to put the country on a path towards transforming its energy system, including a target to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 40‑45% by 2030 from 2005 levels and to reach net zero emissions by 2050. Canada’s energy transformation presents both challenges and opportunities given its profile as a major producer, consumer and exporter of energy, and its highly decentralised government system. The sizeable weight of fossil fuel production in employment and economic output means strong attention should be placed on ensuring a people-centred approach to Canada’s clean energy transition. Canada has a number of policy measures in place, including an ambitious carbon pricing scheme, clean fuel regulations, a commitment to phase out unabated coal use by 2030, nuclear plant extensions, upstream methane regulations, energy efficiency programmes, and measures to decarbonise the transport sector. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Canada effectively manage the transformation of its energy sector in line with its goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/a440d879-en
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  • 12
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    Armenia 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264812079
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Armenien ; Energy ; Armenia
    Kurzfassung: This International Energy Agency (IEA) in-depth review of the energy policies of Armenia follows the same format as that used for the IEA peer reviews of member countries. This in-depth review of Armenia was conducted under the auspices of the EU4Energy programme, which is being implemented by the IEA and the European Union, along with the Energy Community Secretariat and the Energy Charter Secretariat. Armenia depends on imports to meet much of its energy needs, particularly natural gas from the Russian Federation. It is one of the few ex-Soviet republics to avoid significant energy subsidies, and it is the only country in the Caucasus region to possess a nuclear power plant. In January 2021, the government approved a new Energy Sector Development Strategic Programme that sets the path for the sector’s transition through 2040. Key government priorities include promoting maximum use of the country’s potential for renewable energy and energy efficiency; increasing power transmission links with Armenia’s neighbours; gradually liberalising the domestic electricity market; and maintaining and, possibly, increasing the role of nuclear power. This report assesses the energy sector and related challenges facing Armenia and proposes policy recommendations to improve sector governance, energy efficiency, and security of supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/e420e867-en
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  • 13
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    Poland 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264451858
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (177 Seiten)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Polen ; Energy ; Poland ; Amtliche Publikation
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences to help drive secure and affordable clean energy transitions.Poland’s energy policy aims to decarbonise its energy supply through expanding renewable energy, introducing nuclear energy, powering transportation through electricity, and increasing energy efficiency across the economy. A central aspect of Poland’s energy policy is reducing the reliance on coal, especially for electricity generation and building heating. There is a strong policy focus on energy security and ensuring a just transition that maintains affordable access to energy and protects vulnerable consumers, while promoting economic growth.Poland has made notable progress on energy transition. It has one of the fastest growing markets for distributed solar PV in Europe, and it has developed a strong programme to drive offshore wind deployment. Poland has also taken important steps to improve energy security, like diversifying energy imports away from Russia. However, the country’s energy mix is still dominated by fossil fuels. All sectors have considerable work ahead to meet targets for increasing the share of renewables, lowering energy demand and reducing emissions.In this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Poland smoothly manage the transition to an efficient and flexible low-carbon energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/2075436d-en
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  • 14
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    Enhancing Indonesia’s Power System : Pathways to meet the renewables targets in 2025 and beyond (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264438965
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiepolitik ; Indonesien ; Energy ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This report was prepared on the basis of the framework for collaboration established by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) of Indonesia on the topic of power system enhancement and renewable energy integration, and in support of the implementation of the upcoming Presidential Decree on renewable energy. It is part of the assistance provided by the IEA towards Indonesia’s efforts to reform its energy sector and is consistent with IEA’s forthcoming Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia. The overarching objective of the assignment was to assist Indonesia in tackling short-term power system challenges, by achieving key targets such as reaching a 23% share of renewable energy in the national electricity mix by 2025 in a secure and affordable fashion, and by making grids progressively smarter. The assignment included the organisation of a number of workshops for Indonesian stakeholders and a techno-economic study performed by the IEA. It benefited from the support of the state-owned utility Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). This public report summarises the information gathered from the workshops and presents the results of the study in a set of recommendations for Indonesia.
    DOI: 10.1787/13a0321c-en
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  • 15
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    The energy security case for tackling gas flaring and methane leaks (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264632554
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energieversorgung ; Energiepolitik ; Erdgasmarkt ; Erdgasgewinnung ; Theorie ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine has had a dramatic impact on the global energy system. Russia was the world’s largest oil and natural gas exporter in 2021, and energy markets have been thrown into turmoil, with major energy security and supply risks worldwide. Substantial gas resources currently are being produced that do not make it to market because they are lost to flaring and leaks across the oil and gas supply chain. This report estimates that nearly 210 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas could be made available to gas markets by a global effort to eliminate non-emergency flaring and reduce methane emissions from oil and gas operations. If countries that currently export natural gas to the European Union were to implement these two measures, they could increase gas exports by more than 45 bcm using existing infrastructure, equivalent to almost one third of Russian gas exports to the EU in 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/251cc7bc-en
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  • 16
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    Implementing a Long-Term Energy Policy Planning Process for Azerbaijan : A Roadmap (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264846029
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Aserbaidschan ; Energy ; Azerbaijan
    Kurzfassung: Long-term energy planning is central to a country’s strategic direction. Without it, governments may end up relying on a patchwork of policies and legislation that can be incoherent and ill-suited for the complex challenges countries are increasingly faced with. Good long-term energy planning encompasses domestic and foreign policy, while touching on many key areas of the economy including industry, natural resources and trade. The process involves multiple stakeholders across the government, but also brings in the private sector as well as citizens, as it aims to set out a strategic path towards a clear goal. Azerbaijan, like many of its peers, is looking to understand how best to meet the opportunities and complexities of the global clean energy transition. The 2014-2015 oil shock prompted the government to consider and draft a slate of new laws and reform packages, and at present efforts are being made to finalise and pass an energy strategy. The price volatility seen in global markets over 2020-2022 is making it even clearer that energy planning using scenario analysis and modelling will help countries successfully respond to new and unexpected challenges in a resilient fashion. This roadmap details the necessary steps in building that process and exploring relevant policy options that producer economies have pursued, which may be relevant to Azerbaijan. It then discusses data collection and survey design, which are key to establishing the base for energy modelling. The roadmap then looks at energy modelling and its role in policy making. This roadmap aims to help Azerbaijan reconsider the policy planning process as it looks to connect key laws and reforms into a greater energy strategy. It also sets out a path for Azerbaijan to make this process sustainable and iterative, connecting its policymakers with its statisticians, and investing in in-house modelling capacity. Every country must choose its own energy path, based on its specific needs and resources, but having a long-term plan can smooth out that path significantly.
    DOI: 10.1787/808a6169-en
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  • 17
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    Kazakhstan 2022 Energy Sector Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264608184
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (149 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energiewirtschaft ; Energiepolitik ; Kasachstan ; Energy ; Kazakhstan
    Kurzfassung: This in-depth review of the energy policies of Kazakhstan follows the same format used by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to review member countries. It was conducted under the auspices of the EU4Energy programme, which is being implemented by the IEA and the European Union, along with the Energy Community Secretariat and the Energy Charter Secretariat. Kazakhstan has made ambitious commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the role of renewables in its energy supply, but dependence on large reserves of inexpensive domestic coal and a lack of flexible generating capacity make these a challenge. Oil continues to provide much of the country’s export earnings and government revenue, while many oil-importing countries have pledged to reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and most oil exports currently transit the Russian Federation. Low domestic energy prices are a social priority for the government, but have made it difficult to promote energy efficiency and stimulate commercial production of gas for the domestic market. This report assesses the energy sector and related challenges facing Kazakhstan and proposes policy recommendations to improve sector governance, energy efficiency and security of supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/73d1d69f-en
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  • 18
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    Uzbekistan 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264486409
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Usbekistan ; Energy ; Uzbekistan
    Kurzfassung: Uzbekistan’s broad economic reforms were expanded to cover energy in 2019 when the government launched a multiphase transition from the state-owned and -operated and subsidised energy sector model to competitive gas, oil and electricity markets with significant private-sector participation and cost-covering energy prices. The reform plans to diversify the country’s energy supply, which domestic natural gas continues to dominate in all sectors, including transport. Natural gas exports will be phased out by 2025 and the gas will be used increasingly to expand petrochemicals production, while Uzbekistan’s significant but unexploited solar and wind resources will be harnessed to help build a cleaner power sector to 2030. While energy use per capita is low, the country’s economy remains one of the most energy-intensive in the world, and massive potential remains to improve energy efficiency through incentives and mandates. This report is intended to help guide Uzbekistan towards a more secure, sustainable and efficient energy future.It proposes several ways to support the government in its reform efforts. The gradual transition to competitive markets and withdrawal of subsidies should be accompanied by support measures for those most in need. For the reform to succeed, an independent and well-resourced energy regulator is also necessary. Furthermore, the financial imbalances in the state-owned energy companies must be addressed and their re emergence avoided. For the long term, as Uzbekistan’s population, cities and economy are projected to grow strongly, a cross-sectoral approach is required to limit the increase in energy demand and energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/be7a357c-en
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  • 19
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    Steering Electricity Markets Towards a Rapid Decarbonisation (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264457126
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Strommarkt ; Energiepolitik ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Strompreis ; Welt ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Achieving net zero emissions by 2050 will require a significant reduction in electricity sector emissions, with around half of these coming from systems that currently have liberalised electricity markets. In order to support a rapid decarbonisation of power systems, the design of these markets will need to evolve to ensure that they maximise the value delivered by existing and new low-carbon technologies. When policymakers design electricity markets, they need to consider the interactions between all parts of the market including wholesale, retail and capacity markets. At the same time, it is essential to ensure synergies with low-carbon investment frameworks and other decarbonisation policies. This report identifies key principles for designing different parts of the market based on evidence from electricity markets globally and provides actionable guidelines to help policy makers match decarbonisation pledges with actions. With short-term wholesale markets as the starting point for generating efficient price signals, the report systematically considers the different parts of electricity markets, perspectives for integrating technologies such as distributed resources and storage, and how the design process fits with other decarbonisation policies and system planning. The principles derived from this analysis provide policy makers with market design tools in the context of new technologies and low-carbon transitions.
    DOI: 10.1787/d2f0068c-en
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  • 20
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    Belgium 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264677029
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (151 Seiten)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Belgien ; Energy ; Belgium ; Amtliche Publikation
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences to help drive secure, affordable and clean energy transitions.Belgium’s energy and climate policies push for energy transition through expanding renewable electricity generation and electrifying energy demand, especially for transport. Policies focus on maintaining affordable access to energy with the double aim of protecting vulnerable consumers and ensuring industrial competitiveness. Belgium has made notable progress on deploying offshore wind and increasing the share of electric vehicles. However, fossil fuels still dominate the country’s energy mix, a dependence that is expected to increase. All sectors have considerable work ahead of them to meet Belgium’s targets for increasing the share of renewables, lowering energy demand and reducing emissions.The IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations in this report to help Belgium smoothly manage the transition to an efficient and flexible carbon-neutral energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/48c1928f-en
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  • 21
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    An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264691537
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiepolitik ; Klimapolitik ; Indonesien ; Energy ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: Indonesia is the world’s fourth-most populous country and is set to become the world’s fourth-largest economy by mid-century. The choices that Indonesia makes now and in the decades to come will have a significant bearing on the world’s energy markets and on international efforts to reach collective climate goals. Indonesia, a member of the IEA family since 2015, has committed to reach net zero emissions by 2060 or before – an ambitious task given the country’s growth objectives and status as a globally important consumer and producer of coal. However, with a transition to net zero offering extensive and varied economic opportunities, Indonesia is beginning to put in place the policies and frameworks that can help reach this target while moving towards advanced economy status. To assist in this critical task, the IEA – at the request of the Government of Indonesia and to coincide with Indonesia’s Presidency of the G20 – has developed a comprehensive roadmap to net zero by 2060 for the country, which charts a path for the country’s energy transition over the coming decades. The analysis in the Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia spans key areas such as people‑centred transitions, the phasing down of coal use, investment and financing needs, and critical minerals. It also sets out a high-ambition pathway in which Indonesia reaches net zero by 2050. The project has been conducted in close collaboration with the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia.
    DOI: 10.1787/4a9e9439-en
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  • 22
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    Tajikistan 2022 Energy Sector Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264526884
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energiewirtschaft ; Energiepolitik ; Tadschikistan ; Energy ; Tajikistan
    Kurzfassung: This International Energy Agency (IEA) energy sector review of Tajikistan was conducted under the auspices of the EU4Energy programme, which is being implemented by the IEA and the European Union, along with the Energy Community Secretariat and the Energy Charter Secretariat. With abundant water potential from its rivers, natural lakes and glaciers, Tajikistan is almost exclusively reliant on hydro for electricity generation. It is home to some of the world’s largest hydropower plants and is ranked eighth in the world for hydropower potential with an estimated 527 terawatt-hours (TWh). Currently only 4% of the country’s hydro potential is exploited. Tajikistan’s geographic proximity to some of the world’s fastest-growing energy markets means that investing in developing its hydropower potential can contribute to regional energy security and the clean energy transition, in addition to addressing Tajikistan’s high vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters. Coupled with the IEA roadmap on cross-border electricity trading for Tajikistan, published in October 2021, this report aims to give a holistic overview of Tajikistan’s energy sector and to assist policy making at all levels in order to facilitate the effective delivery of the National Development Strategy for 2030 and its ambitious goals, which include increasing hydropower generation capacity by 10 gigawatts and raising annual electricity exports by 10 TWh. It also supports government efforts for ongoing energy sector reforms, aimed at restructuring the state-owned vertically integrated electric utility with financial viability issues, introducing market mechanisms to alleviate power sector challenges and updating its regulatory and tariff regimes. The report commends the government of Tajikistan for setting clear goals for its national development strategy and the subsequent sectoral development programmes, caveats the introduction of domestic coal as a key support for national energy security structures, and advocates for the introduction of other renewable sources and enhanced regional co operation for achieving energy security and sustainable development goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/13412889-en
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  • 23
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    Africa Energy Outlook 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264966192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Africa energy outlook 2022
    Schlagwort(e): Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieversorgung ; Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Energiebedarf ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Kapitalbeschaffung ; Klimaschutz ; Energiepolitik ; Strukturanpassung ; Beschäftigung ; Arbeit ; Szenario ; Energy ; Afrika
    Kurzfassung: Today’s global energy crisis underscores the urgency and magnitude of the task of transforming Africa’s energy sector, as well as the benefits of an accelerated shift to more affordable and cleaner sources of energy.The Africa Energy Outlook 2022 is a new special report from the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook series. It explores pathways for Africa’s energy system to evolve toward achieving all African development goals, including universal access to modern and affordable energy services by 2030 and nationally determined contributions.The report analyses infrastructure expansion needs, investment requirements, financing options and energy policy priorities. It also explores a shifting fuel mix that supports resilient development, opportunities for new exports, and just transition issues – including energy access, affordability and employment.
    DOI: 10.1787/2abd9ce2-en
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  • 24
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    Norway 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264885783
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Norwegen ; Energy ; Norway
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Since the last IEA review in 2017, Norway has remained a global pillar of energy security, providing the world with stable supplies of oil and gas produced in an environmentally conscious manner. Norway has updated its already ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with plans to achieve 90-95% reductions (excluding sinks) from 1990 levels by 2050. Norway has considerable work ahead to meet these ambitious targets. Since its electricity generation produces nearly zero emissions already and the country has substantially electrified its energy demand, many of the easy wins for reducing emissions have already been achieved. The remaining reductions will be more complex, challenging and costly, notably in transport and industry. Norway has many natural advantages to facilitate a successful energy and climate transition. In particular, it can be well-positioned to lead the world on new technologies for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors, such as electric vehicles, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen, if the right policies and incentives are put in place. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Norway effectively manage the transformation of its energy sector in line with its goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7411c642-en
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  • 25
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    Moldova 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264986572
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Moldawien ; Energy ; Moldova, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Moldova is largely dependent on fossil fuel and electricity imports, with the vast majority of its natural gas imports coming from the Russian Federation. Moldova has made considerable efforts to diversify their supply sources and increase the security of both electricity and gas supply. Further integration with Europe for both gas and electricity imports is ongoing as Moldova prioritises moving away from Russian sources of energy. The March 2022 emergency synchronisation with ENTSO-E, triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, has pushed Moldova closer to full electricity trade with Europe. Since Moldova signed an Association Agreement with the European Union in 2014, it has been working to adopt core EU legislation. Moldova’s National Energy Strategy for 2030 reflects this work, with key government priorities including: ensuring the security of energy supply; further developing competitive markets and integration on a regional and European level; and ensuring the sustainability of the energy sector while mitigating the effects of climate change. Increasing the share of renewables in Moldova’s energy mix remains key to meeting the country’s priorities as it aims to enhance regional and European integration. This report assesses the energy sector and the related challenges facing Moldova, and it proposes policy recommendations to improve energy security, support the development of free and competitive energy markets, and accelerate its transition to a more sustainable, clean and efficient energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/1628694f-en
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  • 26
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    Turkey 2021 energy policy review (2021)
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264772663
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 191 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Türkei ; Energy ; Turkey ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. The guiding principles of Turkish energy policy continue to be market reform and energy security. Rapid economic and population growth in the past two decades have not only driven strong growth in energy demand but also an associated increase in import dependency. Turkey has prioritised security of energy supply as one of the central pillars of its energy strategy, including efforts to boost domestic oil and gas exploration and production, diversify oil and gas supply sources and associated infrastructure, and reduce energy consumption through increased energy efficiency. Turkey has seen considerable diversification of its energy mix in the past decade, in particular through the growth of renewable electricity generation. The commissioning of Turkey’s first nuclear power facility in 2023 will further diversify the country’s fuel mix. Notwithstanding many positive changes Turkey has made toward liberalising its energy markets and diversifying its energy sources, the government should ensure that policies in place to bolster energy security – including growth in coal-fired generation and support for various forms of electricity generation – do not impede the economic efficiency of markets and the country’s longer-term decarbonisation efforts. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Turkey smoothly manage the evolution of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/0633467f-en
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  • 27
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    Japan 2021 energy policy review (2021)
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264368682
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 231 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Japan ; Energy ; Japan ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Nearly a decade after the 2011 earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima nuclear accident resulted in significant disruption to its energy supply, Japan has made visible progress towards realising its vision of an efficient, resilient and sustainable energy system. It has diversified its energy mix and embarked on a major reform of its electricity and natural gas markets. The gradual expansion of renewable energy sources, restart of some nuclear power plants and improvements in energy efficiency have reduced the need for imported fossil fuels and lowered greenhouse gas emissions below their 2009 level. Nevertheless, the carbon intensity of Japan’s energy supply remains one of the highest among IEA members. It will need to move quickly to make headway on the steep emissions reductions that are needed to achieve its recently announced ambition of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Japan smoothly manage the transformation of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/72bb987a-en
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  • 28
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    The Role of Low-Carbon Fuels in the Clean Energy Transitions of the Power Sector (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264533684
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Fossile Energie ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Governments around the world are faced with the challenge of ensuring electricity security and meeting growing electricity uses while simultaneously cutting emissions. The significant increase in renewables and electrification of end-uses plays a central role in clean energy transitions. However, due to the variable nature of solar PV and wind, a secure and decarbonised power sector requires other flexible resources on a much larger scale than currently exists today. These include low-carbon dispatchable power plants, energy storage, demand response and transmission expansion. The availability and cost of these technologies depends on local conditions, social acceptance and policies. The possibility to combust high shares of low-carbon hydrogen and ammonia in fossil fuel power plants provides countries with an additional tool for decarbonising the power sector, while simultaneously maintaining all services of the existing fleet. The relevant technologies are progressing rapidly. Co-firing up to 20% of ammonia and over 90% of hydrogen has taken place successfully at small power plants, and larger-scale test projects with higher co-firing rates are under development. Ultimately, using large volumes of low-carbon hydrogen and ammonia in the power sector will help establish supply chains and drive down costs through economies of scale and technological improvements, thereby complementing and mutually reinforcing the use of low-carbon in fuels in other hard-to-abate sectors such as long-haul transport and industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/a92fe011-en
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  • 29
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    France 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264734111
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Energiemarkt ; Energiewirtschaft ; Frankreich ; Energy ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. In 2019, France put its target to reach net zero emissions by 2050 into law and updated its energy transition framework the following year with a new National Low-Carbon Strategy and 10-year energy plan. However, France’s energy transition has experienced significant delays, and implementation remains challenging despite the many reforms underway. Moreover, new European Union climate goals will compel the French government to upgrade its 2030 targets and track progress more stringently. For decades, French power generation has produced a relatively low level of carbon dioxide emissions compared with similar economies, owing to the significant share of nuclear energy. However, the country’s nuclear fleet is ageing, and overall emissions are rising because energy consumption across the economy as a whole remains dominated by fossil fuels, notably in transport. Maintaining low-carbon power generation as a base for further decarbonisation and electrification requires timely decisions on the future electricity mix and accelerated investments. France’s economic recovery plan from the Covid-19 crisis and its 2030 investment plan will help accelerate its energy transition by driving progress in sustainable mobility, building retrofits and hydrogen. This report includes a series of recommendations to support France’s efforts to tackle these challenges and to meet its energy and climate goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/2c889667-en
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  • 30
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    Azerbaijan 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264317611
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2021 ; Energiepolitik ; Aserbaidschan ; Energy ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Oil and gas continue to dominate Azerbaijan’s economy and provide most of its export and government revenue. While these resources have sharply raised the country’s living standards since the late 1990s and remain plentiful, the long-term outlook for this economic model is uncertain. Oil production is declining and major oil and gas importing countries have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by mid-century, implying little demand three decades from now for oil or gas without carbon capture and storage. This report assesses the energy sector and related economic challenges facing Azerbaijan. It proposes several ways to respond by increasing the efficiency and diversity of domestic energy supply and use. The overriding recommendation is a gradual transition to competitive markets with significant private sector participation and energy prices that reflect the cost of production. The withdrawal of subsidies should be accompanied by support measures for those most in need. Such a transition would attract new market entrants and new investments, helping to develop Azerbaijan’s significant solar and wind potential, and limiting greenhouse gas emissions. These recommendations are in line with efforts already underway in Azerbaijan. Prompted by the oil price shock in 2014-15, the government has recently drafted proposals for electricity and gas market reforms, as well as laws on energy efficiency and renewable energy. The country’s first specific energy strategy is also nearing completion. The report encourages Azerbaijan to move swiftly to adopt all these proposals and implement them effectively to ensure secure and sustainable energy in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/90fa056d-en
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    Lithuania 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264376588
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2021 ; Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Litauen ; Energy ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member, partner and accession countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Lithuania has made strong progress towards realising its vision of a secure, competitive, sustainable and innovative energy system in the Baltic region. The government supported major reforms of the electricity and natural gas markets, and further integrated with the EU energy system and markets. Thanks to the expansion of renewable energy sources, notably bioenergy and wind, the carbon intensity of the power and heat sector has decreased over the past decade. Nevertheless, emissions have been on the rise, notably in the transport sector. Lithuania will need to make energy efficiency a priority, design a strong renewable strategy, and reform energy taxes to underpin its ambitious targets. This kind of clean energy leadership can drive emissions reductions up to 2050. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Lithuania accelerate its energy transition towards its ambitious 2050 targets for climate neutrality.
    DOI: 10.1787/db346bb1-en
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    Czech Republic 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264400498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2021 ; Energiepolitik ; Tschechien ; Energy ; Czech Republic ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Fossil fuels, notably coal, still dominate the energy and electricity generation mix of the Czech Republic, but new climate targets at the European level will make coal less and less competitive. Therefore, the question is no longer if, but when, coal will exit the country’s energy mix. To boost investor confidence and ensure adequate electricity generation up to 2030 and beyond, the government will need to establish a firm pathway for phasing out coal. The phase-out of coal use and mining also poses important economic and social challenges, which the government is currently addressing by providing support for the economic restructuring and fair transformation of mining areas. Although the Czech Republic has decoupled economic growth from energy consumption since 2009, the country’s energy intensity remains above the IEA average. This highlights the need to make energy efficiency the “first principle” of energy policy making. This report includes a series of recommendations to support the Czech Republic’s efforts to tackle these challenges and to meet its energy and climate goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/fd01b443-en
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    Spain 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264823402
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2021 ; Energiepolitik ; Spanien ; Energy ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Since the last IEA review in 2015, Spain has solved a long-standing issue of tariff deficits in its electricity and gas sectors and closed all of its coal mines, which has allowed it to place the energy transition at the forefront of its energy and climate change policies. The current Spanish framework for energy and climate is based on the 2050 objectives of national climate neutrality, 100% renewable energy in the electricity mix, and 97% renewable energy in the total energy mix. As such, it is centred on the massive development of renewable energy, energy efficiency, electrification and renewable hydrogen. Notwithstanding its considerable progress to date on decarbonising and increasing the share of renewables in the electricity sector, Spain’s total energy mix is still heavily dominated by fossil fuels. Notably, the transport, industry and buildings sectors all have considerable work ahead of them to meet the country’s targets for decarbonisation and higher shares of renewables. When all of Spain’s plans and strategies are implemented, a completely different energy sector will emerge in which fossil fuels are no longer dominant and end-user sectors are mostly electrified. Such a transformed energy landscape will come with new challenges and will provide new opportunities. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Spain effectively manage this transformation of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9aecb5bb-en
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    An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264816626
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Klimaschutz ; Klimapolitik ; Energiewende ; Energiepolitik ; China ; Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: In September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that the People’s Republic of China will “aim to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060”. Amid the growing wave of governments around the world setting targets for reaching net zero emissions, no pledge is as significant as China’s. The country is the world’s largest energy consumer and carbon emitter, accounting for one-third of global CO2 emissions. The pace of China’s emissions reductions will be an important factor in global efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. This report, An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China, responds to the Chinese government’s invitation to the International Energy Agency to cooperate on long-term strategies by setting out pathways for reaching carbon neutrality in China’s energy sector. It shows that achieving carbon neutrality fits with China’s broader development goals, such as increasing prosperity and shifting towards innovation-driven growth. The first pathway in this Roadmap – the Announced Pledges Scenario – reflects the enhanced targets China announced in 2020. The report also explores the implications of a faster transition – the Accelerated Transition Scenario – and the socio-economic benefits it would bring beyond those associated with reducing the impact of climate change. This Roadmap examines the technology challenges and opportunities that this new phase of the clean energy transition will bring for China’s development, with a focus on long-term needs. The technology innovations required in the Chinese context are a key in-depth focus area. The report concludes with a series of policy considerations to inform China’s energy debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f517ddb-en
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  • 35
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    Energiewende und Megatrends : Wechselwirkungen von globaler Gesellschaftsentwicklung und Nachhaltigkeit (2020)
    Bielefeld : transcript Verlag
    Details
    ISBN: 9783839450710 , 9783732850716
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 393 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Edition Politik Band 93
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Energiewende und Megatrends
    DDC: 333.79
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    RVK:
    MS 8950
    RVK:
    AR 26300
    RVK:
    AR 14300
    Schlagwort(e): Business & Economics ; Development ; Sustainable Development ; Development economics & emerging economies ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Energiewende ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Energiewende ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Gesellschaft ; Zukunft
    Kurzfassung: Die Energiewende findet gesellschaftlich nicht im "luftleeren Raum" statt: Sie kann sich nur im Kontext anderer tiefgreifender Prozesse sozialen Wandels vollziehen. Digitalisierung, Mobilität, Urbanisierung - diese und andere gesellschaftliche Großentwicklungen werden als "Megatrends" bezeichnet. Sie gelten als Wegweiser und gesellschaftliche Dimensionen, die berücksichtigt werden müssen, wenn es um die Gestaltung der Zukunft geht. Doch was macht eine Entwicklung eigentlich zu einem solchen Megatrend? Und welchen Einfluss haben diese Megatrends auf die Energiewende? Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes diskutieren die Bedingungen von Megatrends sowie die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten, die sich angesichts dieser Großentwicklungen für die Energiewende stellen.
    Anmerkung: German
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 36
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    Energiewende und Megatrends : Wechselwirkungen von globaler Gesellschaftsentwicklung und Nachhaltigkeit (2020)
    Bielefeld :transcript,
    Details
    ISBN: 978-3-8394-5071-0 , 9783732850716 , 3732850714 , 3839450713
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (390 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.
    Serie: Edition Politik Band 93
    Serie: Edition Politik
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    AR 14300
    RVK:
    AR 26300
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    RVK:
    MS 8950
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltigkeit ; Digitalisierung ; Trend ; Politik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Globalisierung ; Politikwissenschaft ; Natur ; Ernährung ; globalization ; Mobilität ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Umweltpolitik ; Urbanisierung ; Politics ; Sustainability ; Trendforschung ; Mobility ; Nature ; Economic Policy ; Politische Soziologie ; Political Sociology ; Political Science ; Environmental Policy ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Kommunen ; digitalization ; nutrition ; Urbanisation ; Energy Turnaround ; Value Chain ; Municipalities ; North Rhine - Westphalia ; Megatrend ; Ressourcenkonflikt ; Wachstumsgrenzen ; Vertical Farming ; Aeroponik ; Trend Research ; Growth Limits ; Energiewende. ; Erneuerbare Energien. ; Energiepolitik. ; Nachhaltigkeit. ; Gesellschaft. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Energiewende ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Energiewende ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Gesellschaft
    Kurzfassung: Long description: Die Energiewende findet gesellschaftlich nicht im »luftleeren Raum« statt: Sie kann sich nur im Kontext anderer tiefgreifender Prozesse sozialen Wandels vollziehen. Digitalisierung, Mobilität, Urbanisierung - diese und andere gesellschaftliche Großentwicklungen werden als »Megatrends« bezeichnet. Sie gelten als Wegweiser und gesellschaftliche Dimensionen, die berücksichtigt werden müssen, wenn es um die Gestaltung der Zukunft geht. Doch was macht eine Entwicklung eigentlich zu einem solchen Megatrend? Und welchen Einfluss haben diese Megatrends auf die Energiewende? Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes diskutieren die Bedingungen von Megatrends sowie die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten, die sich angesichts dieser Großentwicklungen für die Energiewende stellen
    Kurzfassung: Biographical note: Steven Engler (Dr.), geb. 1985, ist promovierter Geograph und Projektleiter der Arbeitsgruppe »Gesellschaft und Nachhaltigkeit im Wandel« am Geographischen Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) und des Virtuellen Instituts »Transformation - Energiewende NRW«. Er hat Geographie studiert und anschließend als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung (ILS) und am Institut für Entwicklungsforschung und Entwicklungspolitik (IEE) gearbeitet. Am Kulturwissenschaftlichen Institut Essen (KWI) war er Co-Leiter des Forschungsbereichs »Partizipationskultur«. Seine Promotion hat er an der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen über den Themenkomplex der Nahrungsmittelunsicherheit und Klimaextremen abgeschlossen. Julia Janik, geb. 1993, studiert Wirtschaft und Politik Ostasiens mit Schwerpunkt Politik und Chinesisch an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) und ist dort Mitarbeiterin am Geographischen Institut in der Arbeitsgruppe »Gesellschaft und Nachhaltigkeit im Wandel«. Matthias Wolf, geb. 1993, studiert Anglistik und Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) und ist dort Mitarbeiter am Geographischen Institut in der Arbeitsgruppe »Gesellschaft und Nachhaltigkeit im Wandel«
    Anmerkung: PublicationDate: 20200701
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  • 37
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    Georgia 2020 Energy Policy Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264590816
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2020 ; Energiepolitik ; Georgien ; Energy ; Georgia ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its members and non-member countries. This process supports a holistic approach to energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This report is the first in-depth review conducted by the EU4Energy programme (implemented by the IEA and the European Union) in the 2019-2021 cycle. It updates and extends the analysis of energy policies in the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia that the IEA conducted in 2015. Since the 2015 review, Georgia has made solid progress in improving both the security and sustainability of its energy supply. The country entered into the EU-Georgia Association Agreement in 2016 and become a Contracting party of the Energy Community Treaty in 2017. Since then, it has made significant legal and institutional reforms demonstrating the government’s commitment to align its energy sector with EU regulations for electricity and gas markets, security of supply, renewable energy, energy efficiency and statistics. The energy sector has been instrumental in establishing Georgia’s overall economic policy focused on creating a liberalised environment through minimal state interference, deregulation, privatisation, reduced and simplified licensing and taxation, and free trade, earning the country the reputation of a “star reformer”. Taking advantage of its favourable geographical situation, Georgia plays an important role in the regional trade of electricity, oil and natural gas. Nevertheless, Georgia is still confronted with many challenges in its transition to a more secure, sustainable and affordable energy future. The government recognises most of them and is considering various measures to address them. There is room for the further strengthening of the country’s long-term energy strategy, raising institutional capacity and improving coordination between stakeholders to develop policies based on solid analysis of supply-demand trends and alternative scenario models. More efforts could be made to develop effective secondary legislation to accelerate the implementation of the EU energy acquis, and to gradually phase out implicit subsidies and cross-subsidies in the electricity and gas sectors. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for further improvements of Georgia’s policies to help the country guide the transformation of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9efd2ee9-en
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  • 38
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    Luxembourg 2020 Energy Policy Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264705333
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2020 ; Energiepolitik ; Luxemburg ; Energy ; Luxembourg ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The IEA regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of best practices and experiences. Luxembourg experienced strong economic and population growth between 2008 and 2018. For most of that decade, energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions fell significantly, but they started to increase again in 2016. The government has adopted ambitious energy sector targets, including a 50-55% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Luxembourg faces challenges achieving those targets. Low energy prices for consumers are creating a barrier to the investments needed in energy efficiency and renewables. And the country has a fossil fuel-intensive energy mix driven by a high demand for transportation fuels, notably from transiting freight trucks. Luxembourg is embedded in the European electricity market, a sector that is transforming swiftly as rising shares of variable renewable generation, such as wind and solar PV, put increased attention on security of supply. In this context, Luxembourg plans to expand and upgrade its electricity grids, but the country would benefit further from the deployment of measures to increase energy storage and demand-side response in its power system. It is also important to ensure competitive markets that foster innovation and new energy services. In this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Luxembourg smoothly manage the transition to a smart, flexible and sustainable energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/54355dd7-en
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  • 39
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    India 2020 Energy Policy Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264539761
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (303 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2020 ; Energiepolitik ; Indien ; Energy ; India ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member and association countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This first in-depth review of India’s energy policies examines the country’s achievements in developing its energy sector as well as the challenges it faces in ensuring a sustainable energy future. With an impressive track record of expanding access to electricity and clean cooking for its citizens and swiftly deploying renewable energy technologies, India offers an inspiring example for many countries around the world. This report provides insights into the rise of India in global energy markets. It analyses the full breadth of the country’s energy sector and presents recommendations for strengthening energy policies in various areas. These include advancing energy market reforms, notably in power and gas markets; integrating higher shares of variable renewables; addressing air and water quality; and reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9faa9816-en
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  • 40
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    Korea 2020 Energy Policy Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264549753
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (211 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2020 ; Energiepolitik ; Südkorea ; Energy ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices. The Korean government is committed to substantially increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the electricity supply, gradually phasing out coal and nuclear power from the energy mix, significantly improving energy efficiency, and fostering the country’s nascent hydrogen industry. Many of these measures will help Korea advance its energy transition and improve its energy security, a high priority given the country’s limited domestic energy production. The government’s pledge of a Green New Deal as part of its Covid-19 economic recovery package in July 2020 is a significant step towards accelerating Korea’s energy transition. Achieving the ambitions of the Green New Deal will require addressing regulatory and institutional barriers, introducing more flexible energy markets, and making use of the country’s expertise in advanced technologies and innovative capacity. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for further improving Korea’s policies to help the country guide the transformation of its energy sector towards a secure and sustainable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f15bd8f-en
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  • 41
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    Germany 2020 Energy Policy Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264709065
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): 2020 ; Energiepolitik ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Germany ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. The “Energiewende” continues to be the defining feature of Germany’s energy policy landscape. In place for nearly a decade, the Energiewende is a major plan for transforming the country’s energy system to make it more efficient and supplied mainly by renewable sources. The Energiewende is clearly visible in electricity generation, where it has increased the share of renewables. Yet despite progress on lowering overall emissions, Germany is struggling to meet its near-term emissions reduction targets, in large part because of uneven progress across sectors. It faces notable challenges in transport and heating. Now, the government must refocus its efforts to achieve stronger emissions reductions in lagging sectors. A recently adopted climate action plan, which includes a carbon price in the transport and heating sectors, represents an important step in the right direction. In its energy transition so far, Germany has maintained a high degree of oil, natural gas and electricity supply security. Planned nuclear and coal phase-outs are set to increase the country’s reliance on natural gas, making it increasingly important to continue efforts to diversify gas supply options, including through liquefied natural gas imports. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Germany smoothly manage the transformation of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/cedb9b0a-en
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