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  • OECD  (654)
  • Agence pour l'Energie Nucléaire
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (654)
  • Employment  (654)
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  • 101
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    Reaching Out and Activating Inactive and Unemployed Persons in Bulgaria (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264320024 , 9789264800427 , 9789264697072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe достигане до неактивните и безработните лица в България и активирането им (Съкратен вариант)
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Bulgarien ; Employment ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This report on Bulgaria is the eighth country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It provides a detailed analysis of Bulgaria’s inactive and unemployed population and identifies groups of people who would benefit from measures and services provided by Bulgaria’s Public Employment Service. In addition, the report assesses Bulgaria’s labour market policies to reach out to inactive people and help them integrate in the labour market, and offers recommendations for improvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b91154a-en
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  • 102
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    Riding the waves: Adjusting job retention schemes through the COVID-19 crisis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment
    Abstract: This document provides an update on the use of job retention (JR) schemes during the COVID-19 crisis until the end of 2021 and takes stock of the different strategies employed by OECD governments to adjust them as the crisis evolved. It provides three key insights. First, since reaching a peak of 20% of employment in April/May 2020 on average across OECD countries, the use of JR support has declined to 1.3% in November/December 2021. Second, countries have used different approaches to adjust temporary JR provisions during the course of the crisis, with some phasing them out, some providing increasingly targeted support and others keeping temporary measures unchanged. Third, JR schemes have tended to become more targeted by directing support towards jobs in firms that had been affected most by the pandemic, but remained viable in the medium term. A majority of countries now require co‑financing by firms for hours not worked under these schemes in contrast to the start of the crisis when most countries exempted firms from subsidising the costs associated with hours not worked.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae8f892f-en
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  • 103
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    Policies to Support Green Entrepreneurship : Building a Hub for Green Entrepreneurship in Denmark (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264565470 , 9789264898431 , 9789264354555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmer ; Umweltwirtschaft ; Umwelttechnik ; Dänemark ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Israel ; Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmer ; Umweltwirtschaft ; Umwelttechnik ; Dänemark ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Israel ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Governance ; Canada ; Denmark ; Germany ; Israel
    Abstract: Combatting climate change is among the most critical issues on the global policy agenda. The transition towards a greener economy will require a pivot towards more sustainable production processes and consumption patterns. Entrepreneurs have the potential to be a major driving force behind this effort through their capacity to develop and propagate innovative green solutions. To unlock this potential, it is crucial for policy makers to implement appropriate policies and measures that enable green entrepreneurs to thrive. This report identifies lessons from international policy practices in stimulating and supporting green entrepreneurship from three case study countries – Canada, Germany and Israel – to inform Denmark about effective policy practices and pitfalls to avoid as it implements initiatives to strengthen its green transition. Recommendations are offered across a number of areas such as promoting greater co-ordination between relevant policy actors, strengthening specialised support for green entrepreneurs and building green markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/e92b1946-en
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  • 104
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    How has educational attainment influenced the labour market outcomes of native- and foreign-born adults? (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.80
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: The labour market outcomes for native- and foreign-born adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic vary considerably across countries – with inequalities in employment even falling in some cases compared to 2017. In contrast with the 2008 financial crisis, greater educational attainment does not seem to have had a clear protective effect against labour market adversities during the pandemic. This is most likely due to countries’ quick action to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic and the high involvement of workers with low qualifications to maintain essential services during prolonged confinement periods. However, in some countries, inequalities in earnings were widening before the pandemic and unless appropriate measures are put in place, the economic effects of the current crisis may have a long-lasting negative effect on the integration of immigrants.
    DOI: 10.1787/338053c6-en
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  • 105
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    OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Colombia 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264752924 , 9789264182837 , 9789264816022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Kolumbien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Colombia ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: In 2020, Colombia joined the OECD as the 37th Member of the Organisation, bringing to a successful conclusion an accession process that began in 2013. During the accession process, Colombia made important reforms and progress in the area of labour market and social policies, converging towards OECD best policies and practices. However, the OECD invited the Colombian government to continue its reform agenda in four areas in particular: (1) labour informality and subcontracting; (2) labour law enforcement; (3) collective bargaining; and (4) crimes against trade unionists. This report is the first assessment since Colombia’s accession to the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/efa41fd3-en
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  • 106
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    Empowering Women in the Transition Towards Green Growth in Greece (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264516458 , 9789264560253 , 9789264400764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Frauen ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Frauenpolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Griechenland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Greece
    Abstract: Gender equality and environmental sustainability are gaining political momentum as global challenges that require urgent action at the national and international levels. Both figure prominently, albeit with limited interlinkages, in the United Nations Agenda 2030, and gender equality considerations are slowly making their way into international environmental and climate commitments. An integrated approach to gender equality and environmental sustainability – i.e. recognising the gender-environment nexus – could help to alleviate limitations to gender equality and women’s economic empowerment and enhance their roles in environmental sustainability and green growth. Likewise, enhancing gender equality, and women’s economic empowerment and decision-making, can lead to better environmental and climate outcomes and policies. This report observes the gender-environment nexus in the Greek policy framework. It assesses environmental and climate policies through a gender lens, and gender equality policies through an environmental lens. It focuses mainly on policies and measures that could support women’s economic empowerment in environment-related sectors; women’s environmental leadership and decision making; and mainstreaming gender equality and environmental sustainability in policy tools. It proposes a series of recommendations that, if taken on board, could support integrating the gender-environment nexus into Greece’s national policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/a9eacee6-en
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  • 107
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    Évaluation des réponses au COVID-19 du Luxembourg : Tirer les enseignements de la crise pour accroître la résilience (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264323735
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (265 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evaluation of Luxembourg's COVID-19 Response: Learning from the Crisis to Increase Resilience
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Alors que les pays cherchent à tirer les leçons de la crise du COVID-19 et accroître leur résilience pour l’avenir, les évaluations constituent des outils précieux en ce qu’elles permettent de comprendre ce qui a fonctionné ou pas, pour quoi et pour qui. Ce rapport, premier de son genre, évalue les réponses du Luxembourg à la crise du COVID-19 en matière de préparation aux risques, de gestion de la crise, et de politiques de santé publique, d’éducation, économiques et budgétaires, sociales et de marché du travail. Si la réponse des pouvoirs publics luxembourgeois à la pandémie a été particulièrement agile, préserver la résilience du pays passera par le maintien d’une confiance élevée dans le gouvernement, la baisse des inégalités, et la mise en place d’une croissance inclusive. Les conclusions et recommandations de ce rapport guideront les pouvoirs publics dans ces efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/c9358848-fr
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  • 108
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    Disability, Work and Inclusion : Mainstreaming in All Policies and Practices (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264941472 , 9789264764064 , 9789264507654
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (269 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: One in seven working-age adults identifies as having a disability in OECD countries, a share that is also substantial and growing among young people (8% in 2019). Many of them are excluded from meaningful work and have low levels of income and social engagement. This report documents the current labour market situation of people with disability, who continue to face large employment, unemployment and poverty gaps compared with people without disability. The report concludes that the goal set up some twenty years ago of making disability policies pro-active and employment-oriented has not been achieved. In particular, key areas of disability policy have received too little attention so far, such as policies to support young people with disability, improve the skills of people with disability, and intervene early in the course of a health problem or disability. The report calls for rigorous disability mainstreaming in all relevant policies and practices as the missing link to better labour market inclusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/1eaa5e9c-en
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  • 109
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    From recovery to resilience: Designing a sustainable future for Fukushima (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.37
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Nuclear Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Japan
    Abstract: Ten years ago, a devastating earthquake, tsunamis and nuclear accident in Japan took thousands of lives and affected millions of people. This unprecedented disaster generated numerous lessons for policymakers in Japan and around the world on how to prepare, respond to and recover from shocks, and build resilient communities, regions and societies. The 30 to 40 year process of decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station offers the impetus and a rare window of opportunity to cultivate long-term, sustainable growth and resilience in the region and beyond. This Policy Brief presents the outcomes of the OECD-Japan Policy Dialogue on Developing Decommissioning Industry Clusters in Fukushima, conducted in 2019–20. It discusses the opportunities and challenges related to the decommissioning, and the policy options for sustainable recovery and development in the region. It also presents experiences and lessons relevant to Fukushima from other OECD regions and cities. While the brief is designed for local readers (e.g. policy makers, the private sector, academia, civil society), it also aims to raise the global profile of Fukushima’s ongoing reconstruction and recovery efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/e40cbab1-en
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  • 110
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    Dostigane do neaktivnite i bezrabotnite lica v Bălgarija i aktiviraneto im (Săkraten variant) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Достигане до неактивните и безработните лица в България и активирането им (Съкратен вариант)
    ISBN: 9789264731103 , 9789264653047 , 9789264774889
    Language: Bulgarian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reaching Out and Activating Inactive and Unemployed Persons in Bulgaria
    Keywords: Employment ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Nastojaštijat tekst e častičen prevod na doklada Dostigane do neaktivnite i bezrabotnite lica v Bălgarija i aktiviraneto im. Toj vključva e rezjumeto i Glava 1: Ocenka i preporăki. Tova e osmijat doklad ot poredica, posvetena na proučvane na stranite na vrăzkata, kojato politikite mogat da osăštestvjat meždu chorata i rabotnite mesta. Dokladăt sădărža obstoen analiz na neaktivnite i bezrabotnite v Bălgarija i identificira grupite lica, za koito merkite i uslugite na publičnata služba po zaetostta v Bălgarija bicha mogli da sa ot polza. Osven tova dokladăt predstavja ocenka na politikite na pazara na truda v stranata, koito imat za cel da se dostigne do neaktivnite lica i da im se okaže podkrepa za integrirane na pazara na truda, kato otpravja preporăki za usăvăršenstvaneto im.
    Abstract: Настоящият текст е частичен превод на доклада Достигане до неактивните и безработните лица в България и активирането им. Той включва е резюмето и Глава 1: Оценка и препоръки. Това е осмият доклад от поредица, посветена на проучване на страните на връзката, която политиките могат да осъществят между хората и работните места. Докладът съдържа обстоен анализ на неактивните и безработните в България и идентифицира групите лица, за които мерките и услугите на публичната служба по заетостта в България биха могли да са от полза. Освен това докладът представя оценка на политиките на пазара на труда в страната, които имат за цел да се достигне до неактивните лица и да им се окаже подкрепа за интегриране на пазара на труда, като отправя препоръки за усъвършенстването им.
    DOI: 10.1787/79b4d96b-bg
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  • 111
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    Socialʹna polityka dlja inkljuzyvnoho vidnovlennja v Ukrai͏̈ni (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Соціальна політика для інклюзивного відновлення в Україні
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social policies for an inclusive recovery in Ukraine
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Ščob pidtrymaty svoi͏̈ch najbilʹš nezachyščenych hromadjan v umovach rosijsʹkoi͏̈ šyrokomasštabnoi͏̈ ahresii͏̈ proty svojei͏̈ terytorii͏̈, Ukrai͏̈ni potribni jak nehajni dii͏̈, tak i dovhostrokova polityka. Vijna zahostrjuje neblahopolučne stanovyšče ditej, žinok, ljudej pochyloho viku ta ljudej z obmeženymy možlyvostjamy. U korotkostrokovij perspektyvi neobchidni terminovi dii͏̈ z vidnovlennja krytyčno važlyvych aktyviv dlja zabezpečennja adekvatnoho žytla ta zahalʹnodostupnych osnovnych posluh naležnoi͏̈ jakosti. Neobchidno takož vyrišyty važlyvi serednʹostrokovi ta dovhostrokovi priorytetni problemy zajnjatosti ta socialʹni problemy, jaki isnuvaly do vtorhnennja, taki jak bezrobittja sered molodi ta dostup vnutrišnʹo peremiščenych osib do deržavnych služb zajnjatosti.
    Abstract: Щоб підтримати своїх найбільш незахищених громадян в умовах російської широкомасштабної агресії проти своєї території, Україні потрібні як негайні дії, так і довгострокова політика. Війна загострює неблагополучне становище дітей, жінок, людей похилого віку та людей з обмеженими можливостями. У короткостроковій перспективі необхідні термінові дії з відновлення критично важливих активів для забезпечення адекватного житла та загальнодоступних основних послуг належної якості. Необхідно також вирішити важливі середньострокові та довгострокові пріоритетні проблеми зайнятості та соціальні проблеми, які існували до вторгнення, такі як безробіття серед молоді та доступ внутрішньо переміщених осіб до державних служб зайнятості.
    DOI: 10.1787/910119ec-uk
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  • 112
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    SME and entrepreneurship policy in Viet Nam (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264529069 , 9789264483231 , 9789264701243
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 186 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD studies on SMEs and entrepreneurship
    Keywords: entrepreneurs ; job creation ; innovation ; economic growth ; Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This publication presents the findings of the OECD review of SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in Viet Nam. It offers an in-depth examination of the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurship in Viet Nam, the quality of the business environment, and national policies in support of new and small businesses. The report shows that Viet Nam is one of the most globally integrated economies in the world, building its solid growth performance on the attraction of foreign direct investments and export promotion. Viet Nam’s business environment has considerably improved in recent years, although important reforms are still needed in certain policy areas. Viet Nam's SMEs contribute to national employment and national GDP proportionally less than in the OECD area, although official statistics do not take into consideration the large informal sector that mostly consists of self-employed people and micro-enterprises. Viet Nam’s SME and entrepreneurship policies are relatively new, dating back to the early 2000s. In this respect, the 2018 SME Support Law is an important milestone which may help address some of the challenges that are holding back the development of a more vigorous domestic enterprise sector. Key policy priorities in this regard, building better business linkages between multinationals and local enterprises and stronger business development services, are the subjects of two thematic chapters of the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/30c79519-en
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  • 113
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    Career guidance for adults in a changing world of work (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264631632 , 9789264514775 , 9789264180512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Career guidance for adults in a changing world of work
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Career guidance is a fundamental policy lever to help adults successfully navigate a constantly evolving labour market through advice and information on job and training opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of career guidance services. Many adults have lost their jobs and require assistance navigating their career options in a changing labour market, where firms are likely to accelerate the adoption of digital technologies in the name of pandemic-proofing. But compared to career guidance services for youth, services for adults receive relatively little policy attention, and little is known of how often existing services are used. This report scopes out initiatives in the area of career guidance for adults in OECD countries, drawing lessons on how to strengthen adult career guidance systems in terms of coverage and inclusiveness, provision and service delivery, quality and impact, and governance and funding. The findings of the report build on the information collected through the 2020 Survey of Career Guidance for Adults (SCGA), an online survey of adults’ experience with career guidance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a94bfad-en
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  • 114
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    The digital transformation of SMEs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264367609 , 9789264906433 , 9789264697300
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 275 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD studies on SMEs and entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Digitalisierung ; Organisatorischer Wandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Despite potentially tremendous benefits, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lag in the digital transformation. Emerging technologies, as diverse as they are, offer a range of applications for them to improve performance and overcome the size-related limitations they face in doing business. However, SMEs must be better prepared, and stakes are high. SMEs make the most of the industrial fabric in many countries and regions, they create jobs (most jobs sometimes) and are the cement of inclusive and sustainable societies. The SME digital gap has increased inequalities among people, places and firms, and there are concerns that the benefits of the digital transformation could accrue to early adopters, further broadening these inequalities. Enabling SME digitalisation has become a top policy priority in OECD countries and beyond. The report looks at recent trends in SME digital uptake, including in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. It focuses on issues related to digital security, online platforms, blockchain ecosystems, and artificial intelligence. The report identifies opportunities, risks of not going digital, and barriers to adoption. It looks to concrete policy action taken worldwide to speed the SME transformation and raises a series of considerations to advance the SME digital policy agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdb9256a-en
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  • 115
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    Inclusive growth review of Korea : creating opportunities for all (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264490031 , 9789264535565 , 9789264885837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 179 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Inklusives Wachstum ; Erfolgsfaktor ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In recent years Korea has stepped up efforts to reduce inequalities in recognition that a fairer economic model is also the most sustainable one. In order to support this new policy direction, the OECD has carried out novel analysis of inclusive growth building on its Framework for Policy Action, developed by the OECD to improve the prospects of the groups left behind. The Inclusive Growth Review of Korea applies, for the first time, the Framework at the national level. Using a dashboard of indicators, the Framework presents policy recommendations to sustain and more equitably share the gains of economic growth by investing in people left behind, supporting business dynamism and inclusive labour markets, and building efficient and responsive governments. In addition, the Inclusive Growth Review of Korea finds that digitalisation risks to compound the disparities of Korean labour markets, and calls for renewed efforts to reduce the lack of opportunities for up- and re-skilling of the working-age population (Chapter 2). To improve the business environment, Korea should address the unbalanced growth across sectors and firm size and unequal distribution of productivity gains across population groups (Chapter 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/4f713390-en
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  • 116
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    Creating responsive adult learning opportunities in Japan (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264461642 , 9789264751477 , 9789264742123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 146 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Creating responsive adult learning opportunities in Japan
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Japan ; Education ; Employment ; Japan ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has reiterated the importance of adult learning and career guidance services as many adults have lost their jobs and now require upskilling and reskilling opportunities in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving world of work. To foster the development of responsive and more widespread adult learning opportunities in Japan, this report analyses several policy options to expand access to training, remove the barriers to training participation, and ensure that the training provided is aligned with Japan’s labour market needs. It also discusses the importance for Japanese workers of receiving guidance and support from their employer to facilitate career progression and the need for externally provided guidance services for workers who want to change jobs. Based on this analysis, this report provides actionable policy recommendations as well as good practice examples from OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/cfe1ccd2-en
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  • 117
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    Career guidance for adults in Latin America (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264385092 , 9789264322370 , 9789264841161
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Career guidance for adults in Latin America
    Keywords: Berufsberatung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Karriereplanung ; Lateinamerika ; Education ; Employment ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile ; Mexico ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Career guidance for adults is a fundamental lever to help adults successfully navigate constantly evolving labour markets. As labour markets in Latin America are hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic and mega trends such as globalisation and digitalisation continue to impact labour demand, support is urgently needed. Millions of adults have lost their jobs and need to identify new career options. However, career guidance for adults is still rare in Latin America. More common are vocational guidance programmes for young people, or labour intermediation services for adults. This report analyses career guidance initiatives for adults in four Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico). It emphasises the need to establish career guidance higher up on the policy agenda of the region. Lessons are drawn on how to strengthen the coverage and inclusiveness of career guidance, provision and service delivery, quality and impact, as well as governance and funding. The findings build on information collected through the 2020 Survey of Career Guidance for Adults (SCGA), an online survey of adults’ experience with career guidance.
    DOI: 10.1787/4eaf4996-en
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  • 118
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    Mise à jour des orientations sur les conventions fiscales et impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Updated guidance on tax treaties and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Les gouvernements ont imposé ou recommandé des mesures sans précédent pendant la majeure partie de l’année 2020 en raison de la pandémie de COVID-19, et cette situation perdure en 2021. Mentionnons notamment les mesures restreignant les déplacements ou réduisant les activités des entreprises instaurées dans la plupart des juridictions sous diverses formes et à différents stades. La présente note revient sur les orientations publiées par le Secrétariat de l'OCDE en avril 2020 concernant l'impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les conventions fiscales. Ces orientations indiquent le point de vue du Secrétariat, soutenu par le Groupe de travail n°1 (dans son format du Cadre Inclusif), sur l'interprétation des dispositions des conventions fiscales et visent à fournir une plus grande sécurité juridique aux contribuables pendant cette période exceptionnelle au cours de laquelle ces mesures étaient applicables. Les orientations reflètent l'approche générale du Groupe de travail n°1 et illustrent la manière dont certaines juridictions ont traité l'impact du COVID-19 sur la situation fiscale des particuliers et des employeurs. Cette mise à jour des orientations décrit l'application des règles existantes et des commentaires de l'OCDE sur les inquiétudes relatives à la création d'établissements stables, à l'application des règles de départage en cas de double résidence et au traitement des revenus d'emploi dans les conventions fiscales.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d797d39-fr
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  • 119
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    Regional integration in the Union for the Mediterranean : progress report (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264504622
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Keywords: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Integration ; EU-Staaten ; Mittelmeerraum ; Internationale Politik ; Mittelmeerpolitik ; Integration ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Fortschrittsbericht ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade ; Mittelmeerraum ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Nordafrika
    Abstract: Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report monitors major trends and evolutions of integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The Report examines five domains of regional integration, namely trade integration, financial integration, infrastructure integration, movement of people, as well as research and higher education. It presents an original analysis of the patterns and challenges of integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region, which highlights the interdependence of the areas examined – e.g. how to increase regional trade without affordable transport connectivity? The Report offers new insights, based on specific quantitative and qualitative performance indicators that are monitored over time. Almost 100 graphs and tables in the report cover data for the 42 member countries of the Union for the Mediterranean and, when relevant, for partners of the region. The Report includes key takeaways and policy recommendations on how to foster regional integration in each of the five domains.
    DOI: 10.1787/325884b3-en
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  • 120
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    Adult Learning and COVID-19: How much informal and non-formal learning are workers missing? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief proposes estimates of the loss in on-the-job learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participation in informal learning due to widespread shutdowns of economic activities is estimated to have decreased by 25%. In the case of non-formal learning the estimate corresponds to 18%. This represents a notable amount of lost learning, and one which may not be easily recovered. Estimated learning losses are highly heterogeneous across sectors and individuals, and depend on the pervasiveness of shutdowns of economic activities. Workers employed in administrative and support service activities; in the arts, entertainment and recreation, are expected to lose, on average, nearly three-quarters of informal and non‑formal learning opportunities per week. Results also show that the pandemic likely led to fewer learning opportunities for disadvantaged and low-skilled workers who, in turn, are most likely going to need retraining.
    DOI: 10.1787/56a96569-en
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  • 121
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    Un’indagine sulle politiche per il telelavoro : Governare lo sviluppo occupazionale ed economico locale ai tempi del lavoro a distanza (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exploring policy options on teleworking: Steering local economic and employment development in the time of remote work
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Questo documento esplora e classifica alcune delle politiche più comuni tra i responsabili politici nazionali, regionali e locali durante o prima della pandemia di COVID-19 per rendere praticabile, promuovere e sfruttare al meglio il telelavoro. Vengono inoltre analizzate alcune misure miranti ad attrarre e trattenere in determinati territori i lavoratori e gli imprenditori che operano a distanza. L’attuale crisi ha comportato, tra gli altri aspetti, una sperimentazione di massa del telelavoro, senza precedenti per dimensioni e portata. La transizione verso un modello di telelavoro diffuso su vasta scala e su base permanente avrebbe profonde implicazioni per la geografia del lavoro a livello locale. Le PMI potrebbero essere meno attrezzate delle grandi imprese per affrontare tale cambiamento. Le politiche pubbliche possono assumere un ruolo cruciale nel trasformare il telelavoro in un'opportunità per tutti, e ridurre il rischio di un potenziale ampliamento delle disparità preesistenti tra persone, territori e aziende.
    DOI: 10.1787/443d0cd6-it
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  • 122
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    Designing active labour market policies for the recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Active labour market policies (ALMPs) that connect people to good jobs will help to promote an equitable and sustained recovery from the COVID‑19 crisis. Labour demand measures have been vital to preserve jobs in the short term and countries have begun to implement a suite of training programmes for displaced workers. Getting the correct balance of ALMPs is essential for ensuring an effective use of resources that reach, the people in need, including those most at risk of permanent detachment from the labour market and respond well to their needs. This policy brief highlights how OECD countries and a number of other countries have responded to the crisis in adapting and expanding the suite of ALMPs that they offer to prepare for an inclusive recovery.
    DOI: 10.1787/79c833cf-en
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  • 123
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    SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in the Slovak Republic (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264829398 , 9789264575714 , 9789264917422
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Entrepreneurship ; Unternehmensgründung ; Slowakei ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This report presents the findings and recommendations of the OECD review of SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in the Slovak Republic. It examines how to address the challenges of stimulating more productive entrepreneurship, supporting enterprise scale-up, stimulating SME exports and global value chain participation, increasing SME innovation and innovative entrepreneurship, and making entrepreneurship more inclusive across the population. The report examines SME and entrepreneurship performance and the business environment for SMEs and entrepreneurship in the Slovak Republic, giving benchmarks against other OECD countries. The report also takes a close look at arrangements to ensure policy leadership, co-ordination and consultation in this field. It examines the government support programmes across areas including SME and entrepreneurship financing, supporting innovation, building SME workforce skills and public procurement. It also examines the east-west divide in SME and entrepreneurship activity and their supporting conditions in the Slovak Republic and how to strengthen regional entrepreneurial ecosystems across the country. Further chapters focus on SME digitalisation and the promotion of self-employment and social entrepreneurship to strengthen the labour market attachment of the Slovak Republic's Roma community.
    DOI: 10.1787/9097a251-en
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  • 124
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    التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط : تقرير مرحلي (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264678040
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d'étape
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط: تقرير مرحلي يرصد الاتجاهات الرئيسية والتكامل في المنطقة الأورو - متوسطية. يحلل هذا التقرير خمسة مجالات للتكامل الإقليمي: التكامل التجاري، والتكامل المالي، وتكامل البنية التحتية، وحركة السكان، والبحث والتعليم العالي. يقدم التقرير تحليلا مبدعا لأنماط وتحديات التكامل في المنطقة الأورو - متوسطية، مما يسلط الضوء على الترابط بين المجالات التي تم بحثها - مثل كيفية تطوير المبادلات في ضل ظروف خصاص بنية تحتية ملائمة. ويقدم التقرير رؤى ثاقبة جديدة تستند إلى مؤشرات أداء كمية ونوعية محددة يجري رصدها بمرور الوقت. ويغطي ما يقرب من 100 رسم بياني وجداول بيانات عن 42 بلدا عضوا في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط وعن شركاء المنطقة. ويتضمن التقرير مقترحات رئيسية وتوصيات تتعلق بالسياسات بشأن كيفية تعزيز التكامل الإقليمي في كل مجال من المجالات الخمسة.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc416437-ar
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  • 125
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    Bringing Household Services Out of the Shadows : Formalising Non-Care Work in and Around the House (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264419490 , 9789264915763 , 9789264480902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Hauspersonal ; Schwarzarbeit ; Schätzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Despite years of growth in the number of women in paid work, gender roles in unpaid housework have remained remarkably rigid. Unpaid housework can be outsourced to non-care household service providers, such as cleaners or housekeepers, however, high prices, a substantial tax burden and a lack of easy access impose barriers to greater formalisation of the household service sector. With the aim of increasing work-life balance for households, in particular for women in employment, and reducing the wide-ranging practice of undeclared employment, a number of OECD countries have implemented policies to formalise and boost the provision of non-care household services. This report illustrates the importance of the non-care household service sector and reviews international approaches in formalising the non-care household service market, ranging from providing tax incentives or granting social vouchers, to identify good practice. To highlight the potential economic gains that could follow from easing the housework burden, the report also estimates the economic value of unpaid housework provided by men and women.
    DOI: 10.1787/fbea8f6e-en
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  • 126
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    Disability, Work and Inclusion in Ireland : Engaging and Supporting Employers (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264368316 , 9789264879652 , 9789264911734
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Behindertenpolitik ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Ireland
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, one in seven working-age adults identifies as having a disability. Many are excluded from meaningful work and have low levels of income and active social engagement. Becoming sick or disabled often leads people to leave the labour market even if they maintain work capacity and willingness to work. Governments and employers can help create an environment that prevents sickness and disability, promotes return-to-work and enables persons with disabilities to thrive in their job. The COVID-19 pandemic and its toll on physical and mental health has made the creation of an enabling environment more important than ever. This report proposes policy recommendations to the Irish government to improve the participation of persons with disabilities. Ireland has one of the highest disability employment gaps in OECD countries. Disability employment policy has seen significant improvement in the past decade but the reforms have not produced the desired results. This report shows that engaging employers is critically important to getting and keeping persons with disabilities in work. It also highlights the importance of further structural change and accessible and sufficiently resourced public employment and adult learning services to create a labour market that works for all – including for persons with disabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/74b45baa-en
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  • 127
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    Understanding Firm Growth : Helping SMEs Scale Up (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374799 , 9789264453791 , 9789264578760
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Finnland ; Italien ; Portugal ; Slowakei ; Spanien ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Few small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) scale up, but these few fast growing firms are the major driver of new jobs added to OECD economies. This report helps policy makers get a grip on growth of those few SMEs by considering the transformation they undergo before, during and after their high-growth phase. Based on analysis of detailed firm-level data in a pilot project implemented for Finland, Italy, Portugal, the Slovak Republic and Spain, the report shows that SMEs in all types of places, of all ages and in all sectors have the potential to scale up. The strength of the potential does, however, vary. Getting a grip on growth of SMEs can pay important dividends as scalers contribute the majority of new jobs created by SMEs during their high-growth phase, but also continue to contribute positively to aggregate job creation and aggregate growth in turnover in the following years. A closer look at the characteristics of SMEs that scale up compared to similar “peers” that do not, shows that scaling is likely a strategic choice and includes investments and other preparatory transformation in the years preceding scaling up.
    DOI: 10.1787/fc60b04c-en
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  • 128
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    Is the German Middle Class Crumbling? Risks and Opportunities (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264475892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Mittelschicht ; Soziale Mobilität ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Thriving middle classes are the backbone of democratic societies and strong economies, but in many countries, they face mounting pressure as their economic strength is eroding relative to higher-income households. Real wages and incomes for most middle-class households have grown only very slowly, and rising expenditures have been putting further pressure on living standards. Meanwhile, globalisation, digitalisation, and demographic change are eroding job opportunities for middle-skilled workers, who risk sliding into lower-paid employment. The COVID-19 crisis has accentuated socio-economic divides and may end up accelerating some of the above trends. This publication builds upon the OECD’s publications on the middle class (Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class) and social mobility (A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility). It demonstrates that the German middle class is similar in size as in peer countries, but substantially smaller than it was in the mid-1990s. Lower middle‑class households face an increased risk of slipping out of the middle; meanwhile, upward mobility into the middle has declined, particularly for workers in “typical” middle-class occupations. Employment growth forecasts point to further occupational polarisation. The review proposes policy options for strengthening the employability of middle-class workers, creating good-quality, future-oriented jobs, and boosting middle‑class disposable incomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/845208d7-en
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  • 129
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    Una evaluación del impacto del COVID-19 en la demanda de empleo y competencias utilizando datos de vacantes de empleo en línea (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe An assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on job and skills demand using online job vacancy data
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Este informe de políticas utiliza los anuncios de ofertas de empleos en línea como un indicador parcial del impacto del COVID-19 en la demanda de competencias en cinco países de la OCDE (Australia, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Nueva Zelanda y Reino Unido) entre enero y noviembre de 2020. La pandemia, así como las medidas de contención y mitigación para detener su propagación, tuvieron un gran pero heterogéneo impacto en la demanda de competencias. Para inicios de mayo, el volumen total de ofertas de empleo en línea había caído más de 50% en todos los países analizados con respecto a principios del año, con descensos aún mayores en algunos sectores. Sin embargo, la demanda de competencias específicas en el sector salud y logística aumentó. También hay evidencia de un aumento de las vacantes que implican acuerdos de trabajo remoto. El informe también muestra que la crisis afectó de forma diferente a personas con distintos niveles de cualificaciones educativas y que dicho efecto difiere entre los países analizados.
    DOI: 10.1787/1db3a550-es
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    Updated guidance on tax treaties and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mise à jour des orientations sur les conventions fiscales et impact de la pandémie de COVID-19
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Unprecedented measures imposed or recommended by governments, including travel restrictions and curtailment of business operations, have been in effect in most jurisdictions in various forms and stages during most of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and this situation continues in 2021. This note revisits the guidance issued by the OECD Secretariat in April 2020 on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tax treaties. The guidance represents the Secretariat’s views, supported by Working Party 1 (in its inclusive framework setting), on the interpretation of the provisions of tax treaties intending to provide more certainty to taxpayers during this exceptional period when those measures were applicable. The guidance reflects the general approach of Working Party 1 and illustrates how some jurisdictions have addressed the impact of COVID-19 on the tax situations of individuals and employers. This updated guidance outlines the application of the existing rules and the OECD Commentary on concerns related to the creation of permanent establishments; the application of “tie-breaker” rules to dual residents; and the tax treaty treatment of income from employment.
    DOI: 10.1787/df42be07-en
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    The OECD Framework for digital talent and skills in the public sector (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.45
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Digitalisierung ; IT-Berufe ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Personalentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid pace of technological advance and associated potential for the use of data have not only changed the way people live but also the way people work. This digital disruption hits all sectors, including the public sector, and this working paper emphasises pathways for developing a public sector workforce with the necessary skills to achieve successful digital transformation. It presents the OECD Framework for Digital Talent and Skills in the Public Sector, which highlights the need to create the right working environment, secure the right skills, and evolve the right workforce to support a progression from e-government to digital government.
    DOI: 10.1787/4e7c3f58-en
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    Entrepreneurship Policies through a Gender Lens (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264968325 , 9789264813502 , 9789264507555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Unternehmerinnen ; Unternehmensgründung ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication examines how to strengthen the scope and effectiveness of entrepreneurship policies for women. It examines both dedicated measures for women and ensuring that mainstream policies for all entrepreneurs are appropriate for women. Evidence is offered on the gender gap in entrepreneurship and its causes. At the heart of the report are 27 policy insight notes by leading international experts on the role of public policy in facilitating entrepreneurship by women and how policies can be strengthened. They highlight many long‑standing issues related to the scope and effectiveness of women’s entrepreneurship policies – many of which have been exacerbated by the COVID‑19 pandemic – and point the way to more effective policy. Issues addressed include fostering a gender‑sensitive entrepreneurship culture, building entrepreneurship skills for women, improving women’s access to financial capital, supporting networks for women entrepreneurs and creating supportive regulatory environments. Issues in the design and delivery of policy support are also addressed. The report was prepared by the OECD in collaboration with members of the Global Women’s Entrepreneurship Policy Research Project (Global WEP), a network of established researchers from over 30 counties.
    DOI: 10.1787/71c8f9c9-en
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    La gouvernance au service des jeunes, de la confiance et de la justice intergénérationnelle : Des politiques adaptées à toutes les générations ? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264399228 , 9789264350625 , 9789264647787
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice: Fit for All Generations?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les transformations d’ampleur planétaire – du vieillissement de la population à la transition numérique en passant par l’accentuation des inégalités et le changement climatique – engendrent de profondes incertitudes pour les jeunes et les générations futures, et ce malgré un accès sans précédent à l’information, à l’éducation et à la technologie. La pandémie du COVID-19 a exacerbé les problèmes préexistants concernant le bien-être mental et l’emploi des jeunes, et a suscité de nouvelles inquiétudes quant à la viabilité des finances publiques. Ce rapport fournit la première évaluation comparative des politiques, lois, capacités institutionnelles et outils de gouvernance mis en place par 42 gouvernements nationaux et l’Union Européenne pour promouvoir l’autonomisation des jeunes et la justice intergénérationnelle. Il définit des éléments de comparaison internationale dans trois grands domaines : 1) Accompagner la transition des jeunes vers l’autonomie ; 2) Renforcer leur participation et leur représentation dans la vie publique, ainsi que leur confiance à l’égard des institutions publiques, et 3) Assurer l’équité des résultats de l’action publique pour toutes les générations. Enfin, il fournit des orientations concrètes à l’intention des responsables publics, des organisations de la société civile et des jeunes désireux de bâtir un présent et un avenir où aucune génération ne sera laissée pour compte.
    DOI: 10.1787/57092ccc-fr
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    Regional Economic Inactivity Trends in Poland (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264391352 , 9789264807204 , 9789264600645
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Polen ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: Despite its rapid economic growth over the past decades, Poland’s economic inactivity rate remains above the OECD average and regional differences in labour force participation persist. This report sheds light on the drivers of economic inactivity across Polish regions and analyses them in light of both individual and structural factors associated with labour force participation. It highlights the need for more inclusive active labour market policies to help integrate the economically inactive into labour markets across Poland. A better integration of services provided by national and local institutions, as well as a strengthened role of the social economy, is needed to address the complex needs of economically inactive persons.
    DOI: 10.1787/483a6a25-en
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  • 135
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    Training in Enterprises : New Evidence from 100 Case Studies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264819276 , 9789264707559 , 9789264741133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Keywords: Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement ; Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Österreich ; Estland ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Education ; Employment ; Austria ; Estonia ; France ; Ireland ; Italy ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: Enterprises are a key provider of education and training for adults across OECD countries. Yet, policy-makers lack a detailed understanding of how training in enterprises takes place. This report opens the black box of training and informal learning in enterprises by providing in-depth insights on: i) what training and learning opportunities enterprises provide; ii) why they provide training (or not); and iii) how they make decisions about training. It presents new evidence from 100 qualitative cases studies in five countries: Austria, Estonia, France, Ireland and Italy. The findings will assist governments and social partners in designing and implementing better policies in support of training in enterprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/7d63d210-en
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  • 136
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    Jobs for Rural Youth : The Role of Local Food Economies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264794672 , 9789264724976 , 9789264815568
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Ländlicher Arbeitsmarkt ; Ländlicher Raum ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Ernährungsberufe ; Afrika ; Asien ; Employment ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; Namibia ; South Africa ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Thailand ; Uganda ; Viet Nam ; Zambia ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Today, the global youth population is at its highest ever and still growing, with the highest proportion of youth living in Africa and Asia, and a majority of them in rural areas. Young people in rural areas face the double challenge of age-specific vulnerabilities and underdevelopment of rural areas. While agriculture absorbs the majority of rural workers in developing countries, low pay and poor working conditions make it difficult to sustain rural livelihoods. Potential job opportunities for rural youth exist in agriculture and along the agri-food value chain, however. Growing populations, urbanisation and rising incomes of the working class are increasing demand for more diverse and higher value added agricultural and food products in Africa and developing Asia. This demand will create a need for off-farm labour, especially in agribusinesses, which tends to be better paid and located in rural areas and secondary towns. It could boost job creation in the food economy provided that local food systems were mobilised to take up the challenge of higher and changing domestic demand for food.
    DOI: 10.1787/692c0ca1-en
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  • 137
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    OECD skills strategy Kazakhstan : assessment and recommendations (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264584105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (181 Seiten)
    Edition: Electronic reproduction; Available in PDF format
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD skills strategy Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Kasachstan ; Education ; Employment ; Kazakhstan ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Improving the activation of skills of vulnerable populations in Kazakhstan -- Fostering participation in adult learning of all forms in Kazakhstan -- Key insights and recommendations for Kazakhstan -- Strengthening the governance of the skills system in Kazakhstan -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Building an effective skills information system in Kazakhstan -- Executive summary -- Engagement -- Foreword.
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels of skills and new sets of skills.OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system.This report, OECD Skills Strategy Kazakhstan: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve the activation of skills of vulnerable populations, foster greater participation in adult learning of all forms, build an effective skills information system, and strengthen the governance of skills policies in Kazakhstan
    Note: Electronic reproduction; Available in PDF format
    DOI: 10.1787/39629b47-en
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  • 138
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    Scaling up policies that connect people with jobs in the recovery from COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Active labour market policies (ALMPs) that connect people to jobs will help to ensure an equitable and sustained recovery from the COVID‑19 crisis. Already in 2020, many governments reacted swiftly to the crisis by increasing funding for their public employment services (PES), training programmes and measures to increase labour demand. This has allowed the PES to hire additional staff and expand remote and digital accessibility to ensure service continuity. However, additional resources are needed in 2021 and the years to come to ensure that high-quality employment services and programmes can be effective in fostering a quick reintegration of the many jobseekers into the labour market. This policy brief highlights how OECD and a number of other countries have responded to the crisis in adapting and expanding the provision of employment services.
    DOI: 10.1787/a91d2087-en
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  • 139
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    An assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on job and skills demand using online job vacancy data (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsnachfrage ; Anforderungsprofil ; Qualifikation ; Personalbeschaffung ; Coronavirus ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This policy brief uses online job vacancy postings as a partial indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on skills demand in five OECD countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) between January and November 2020. The pandemic, as well as containment and mitigation measures designed to halt its spread, had a large but heterogeneous impact on the demand for skills. By early May, the total volume of online job vacancies had fallen by over 50% in all the countries analysed with respect to the beginning of the year, with even larger declines in some sectors. However, the demand for specific skills in the healthcare sector and in logistics increased. There is also evidence of an increase in vacancies involving remote-working arrangements. The brief also shows that the crisis affected differently individuals with different levels of educational qualifications and that such effect differed across the countries analysed.
    DOI: 10.1787/20fff09e-en
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  • 140
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    The Public Sector Pay System in Israel (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264459359 , 9789264806290 , 9789264633780
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Vergütungssystem im öffentlichen Dienst ; Israel ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Israel
    Abstract: This report analyses the pay system in Israel’s public sector, and provides recommendations to align it with the strategic priorities of the government. It recommends ways to simplify job classification and better match pay to market rates, particularly in areas where the public sector has trouble competing for talent. It also identifies opportunities to better reward performance, productivity and job responsibilities. In Israel, no pay reform is possible without the agreement and active collaboration of public sector unions, and so the second part of this report focuses on public sector labour relations and makes recommendations to improve the functioning of the collective bargaining process in Israel’s public sector. This report contributes to the ongoing work of the OECD’s Public Employment and Management working party, to support the implementation of the Recommendation of Council on Public Service Leadership and Capability.
    DOI: 10.1787/3b6ad37f-en
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  • 141
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    Investing in Youth: Slovenia (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264316027 , 9789264575035 , 9789264998438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Keywords: Jugendliche ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Jugendpolitik ; Slowenien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia
    Abstract: The series Investing in Youth builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social policy and skills. It covers both OECD countries and key emerging economies. The report on Slovenia presents new results from a comprehensive analysis of the situation of young people in Slovenia, exploiting various sources of survey-based and administrative data. The report provides a detailed assessment of education, employment and social policies in Slovenia from an international perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve the school-to-work transition. Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), Norway (2018), and Finland, Korea and Peru (2019).
    DOI: 10.1787/c3df2833-en
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  • 142
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    Preparing for the Future of Work Across Australia (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264849525 , 9789264896215 , 9789264961142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Automatisierte Produktion ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Australien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Australia
    Abstract: COVID-19 is likely to leave long-lasting effects on local labour markets. It is accelerating a pre-existing trend towards automation, as firms look even more to new technologies to pandemic proof their operations. While automation offers the opportunity to boost productivity, it can also lead to job polarisation as vulnerable workers who lose their jobs may not have the skills needed in a changing labour market. This OECD report examines the potential impacts of automation on people and places across Australia. It also sheds light on policies and programmes that can help regions and cities to prepare for the future of work.
    DOI: 10.1787/9e506cad-en
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  • 143
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    Building inclusive labour markets: Active labour market policies for the most vulnerable groups (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Coronavirus ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic risks widening further the divide in labour market outcomes for the most vulnerable groups who face numerous employment obstacles, such as limited work experience, care obligations, low skills or health limitations. Not all these groups show up on the radar of public employment services (PES), which is why it is important to identify the groups at risk and their needs, develop effective outreach strategies, and provide integrated, comprehensive and well-targeted support. This in turn requires a good exchange of information and co-operation between the relevant institutions responsible for the provision of employment, health, education and social services, as well as income support.
    DOI: 10.1787/607662d9-en
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  • 144
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    Public Employment and Management 2021 : The Future of the Public Service (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264923706 , 9789264454033 , 9789264996250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalmanagement ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Nonprofit-Management ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This is the first edition of a new annual publication on public employment and management issues. This edition presents a vision of a future-ready public service workforce that is forward-looking, flexible and fulfilling to a diverse range of public employees. It provides insights to help governments achieve that vision through comparative data and analysis, a set of illustrative case studies, and expert commentary. Public service leadership and recruitment systems are fundamental inputs to renew and transform the public service. Both of these issues are highlighted and illustrated with new data from recent surveys.
    DOI: 10.1787/938f0d65-en
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  • 145
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    The Role of Firms in Wage Inequality : Policy Lessons from a Large Scale Cross-Country Study (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264900226 , 9789264349926 , 9789264473294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le rôle des entreprises dans les inégalités salariales (version abrégée) : Enseignements d’une étude internationale à grande échelle
    Keywords: Lohnstruktur ; Vergütungssystem ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Employment ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Even though firms play a key role in shaping wages, wage inequality and the gender wage gap, firms have so far only featured to a limited extent in the policy debates around these issues. The evidence in this volume shows that around one third of overall wage inequality can be explained by gaps in pay between firms rather than differences in the level and returns to workers’ skills. Gaps in firm pay reflect differences in productivity and wage setting power. To address high wage inequality while fostering high and sustainable growth, worker-centred policies (e.g. education, adult learning) need to be complemented with firm-oriented policies. This involves notably: (1) policies that promote the productivity catch-up of lagging firms, which would not only raise aggregate productivity and wages but also reduce wage inequality; (2) policies that reduce wage gaps at given productivity gaps without limiting efficiency-enhancing reallocation, especially the promotion of worker mobility; and (3) policies that reduce the wage setting power of firms with dominant positions in local labour markets, which would raise wages and reduce wage inequality without adverse effects on employment and output.
    DOI: 10.1787/7d9b2208-en
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  • 146
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    Incentives for SMEs to Invest in Skills : Lessons from European Good Practices (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264705593 , 9789264347489 , 9789264655980
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Keywords: Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement ; KMU ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Workers’ skills are an essential asset for firms to recover from the COVID-19 shock and succeed in the twin digital and green transitions. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) face special barriers to investing in human capital because of their size and more limited access to information and capital markets. This report identifies policies that are successful in promoting SMEs’ investment in the skills of employees, managers or entrepreneurs. A review of cost-reducing and financial support instruments is followed by an analysis of initiatives that promote innovative HR practices, a learning culture in the firm, and better co-operation among firms and with the education sector. The report describes the design and rationale of these measures as well as their advantages and limitations. It identifies a common set of features that make skill investment policies especially suitable for SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/1eb16dc7-en
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  • 147
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    How’s Life in Latin America? : Measuring Well-being for Policy Making (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264685932 , 9789264534100 , 9789264759541
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (366 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ¿Cómo va la vida en América Latina? : Medición del bienestar para la formulación de políticas públicas
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Sozialer Indikator ; Messung ; Lateinamerika ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; Mexico ; Paraguay ; Peru ; Uruguay
    Abstract: Many Latin American countries have experienced improvements in income over recent decades, with several of them now classified as high-income or upper middle-income in terms of conventional metrics. But has this change been mirrored in improvements across the different areas of people’s lives? How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making addresses this question by presenting comparative evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with a focus on 11 LAC countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). Spanning material conditions, quality of life, resources for future well-being, and inequalities, the report presents available evidence on well-being both before and since the onset of the pandemic, based on the OECD Well-being Framework. It also identifies priorities for addressing well-being gaps and describes how well-being frameworks are used in policy within Latin America and elsewhere around the world, providing lessons for governments on what is needed to put people’s well-being at the centre of their action. The report is part of the EU Regional Facility for Development in Transition for Latin America and the Caribbean.
    DOI: 10.1787/2965f4fe-en
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  • 148
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    Le rôle des entreprises dans les inégalités salariales (version abrégée) : Enseignements d’une étude internationale à grande échelle (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264390584 , 9789264328686 , 9789264593992
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Role of Firms in Wage Inequality: Policy Lessons from a Large Scale Cross-Country Study
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: Cette version abrégée est la traduction partielle de la version anglaise de la publication The Role of Firms in Wage Inequality - Policy Lessons from a Large Scale Cross-Country Study de l’OCDE. Elle contient le résumé de la publication ainsi que le chapitre 1 du rapport, qui propose une synthèse des enseignements d’une étude internationale à grande échelle sur le rôle des entreprises dans les inégalités salariales. L’enseignement principal est qu’un tiers environ de l’ensemble des inégalités salariales peut s’expliquer par des écarts de rémunération entre entreprises plutôt que par des différences de niveau et de rendement des compétences des travailleurs. Les écarts de rémunération entre entreprises traduisent des écarts en termes de productivité et de pouvoir de fixation des salaires. Pour atténuer les fortes inégalités salariales tout en favorisant une croissance forte et durable, les politiques centrées sur les travailleurs (éducation, formation des adultes, par exemple) doivent être complétées par des politiques axées sur les entreprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/3086d334-fr
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    Improving the quality of non-formal adult learning : learning from European best practices on quality assurance (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264487208 , 9789264995642 , 9789264356665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving the quality of non-formal adult learning
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Erfolgsfaktor ; Europa ; Education ; Employment ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has reiterated the importance of adult learning and career guidance services as many adults have lost their jobs and now require upskilling and reskilling opportunities in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving world of work. Yet, in order to achieve its positive gains, adult training needs to be of high quality and ensure successful learning experiences for all participants. This report therefore aims at supporting public authorities to enhance quality in the field of non-formal adult learning. It provides an overview of quality assurance systems across Europe, highlighting their implementation features, governance structures and success factors. Based on this analysis, the report develops a Quality Assurance in Adult Learning Decision Tree to support the decision-making process of governments that are planning reforms of their quality assurance systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1b450e1-en
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  • 150
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    Improving the provision of active labour market policies in Estonia (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264525931 , 9789264602588 , 9789264393585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 152 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Connecting people with jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Estland ; Employment ; Estonia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report on Estonia is the seventh country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It discusses the set-up and performance of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in Estonia. In particular, the report analyses the institutional and regulatory framework of ALMP provision in Estonia, assesses the need for ALMPs in the Estonian population and evaluates whether ALMPs reach the people they are targeted to. For that purpose, the report relies on the analysis of a rich set of linked administrative data which allow to identify the labour market obstacles faced by people furthest from the labour market, and identify gaps and overlaps in the ALMPs and related support provided to them.
    DOI: 10.1787/31f72c5b-en
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  • 151
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    Towards a skills strategy for Southeast Asia : skills for post-COVID recovery and growth (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Humankapital ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Südostasien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Australia ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Germany ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; United States ; Viet Nam ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic will require countries to co-ordinate interventions to help recent graduates find jobs, reactivate the skills of displaced workers and use skills effectively in workplaces. Megatrends such as globalisation, climate change, technological progress and demographic change will continue to reshape work and society. Countries should take action now to develop and use more effectively the skills required for the world of the future and at the same time make their skills systems more resilient and adaptable in the context of change and uncertainty. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a strategic approach to assess their skills challenges and opportunities. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework allowing countries to explore how they can improve i) developing relevant skills, ii) using skills effectively, and iii) strengthening the governance of the skills system. This report applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to Southeast Asia, providing an overview of the region’s skills challenges and opportunities in the context of COVID-19 and megatrends, and identifying good practices for improving skills outcomes. This report lays the foundation for a more fully elaborated Skills Strategy for Southeast Asia.
    DOI: 10.1787/6db0907f-en
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    Future-proofing adult learning in London, United Kingdom (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264487079 , 9789264451322 , 9789264914216
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 136 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Schock ; Coronavirus ; London ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cities are not only home to around half of the global population but are also at the forefront of the transformation of jobs, skills and labour markets. Furthermore, cities play a leading role in the COVID-19 response, as the pandemic is not only accelerating megatrends such as digitalisation and automation that change the world of work, but is also challenging city economies. In London, COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented labour market shock, with several service sectors having been devastated. The crisis and its impact on employment and firms make skills development and adult learning more important than ever. London is the first major city within the OECD to introduce a comprehensive skills strategy. The report Future-Proofing Adult Learning in London, UK analyses London’s capacity to design effective adult learning programmes, which are critical for a strong and sustainable economic recovery and for preparing for the future of work. The report sheds light on major challenges facing London, especially in light of COVID-19, while also pointing to opportunities for London to design a future-ready adult learning system that responds to the impacts of the pandemic and aligns training to rapidly evolving labour market demands.
    DOI: 10.1787/c546014a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 153
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    Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264545458 , 9789264390027 , 9789264367715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 192 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Lehrkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Vocational education and training (VET) plays a central role in preparing young people for work, developing the skills of adults and responding to the labour-market needs of the economy. Teachers and leaders in VET can have an immediate and positive influence on learners’ skills, employability and career development. However, when compared to general academic programmes, there is limited evidence on the characteristics of teachers and institutional leaders in VET and the policies and practices of attracting and preparing them. VET teachers require a mix of pedagogical skills and occupational knowledge and experience, and need to keep these up to date to reflect changing skill needs in the labour market and evolving teaching and learning environments. This report fills the knowledge gap on teachers and leaders in VET, and produces new insights into what strategies and policies can help develop and maintain a well-prepared workforce. It zooms in on VET teacher shortages; strategies for attracting and retaining teachers; initial training and professional development opportunities for teachers; the use of innovative technologies and pedagogical strategies; and the important role of institutional leaders and strategies for better preparing and supporting them.
    DOI: 10.1787/59d4fbb1-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 154
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    Igualdad de género en Chile : Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264370609 , 9789264864252 , 9789264377363
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Equality in Chile: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Chile
    Abstract: El informe de la OCDE sobre Igualdad de género en Chile: hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado es el primero de una serie que aborda los países de América Latina y el Caribe. El informe compara las brechas de género en los resultados laborales y educativos en Chile con otros países. Presta particular atención a la distribución desigual del trabajo no remunerado y la carga adicional que esto implica para las mujeres. Así mismo, investiga cómo las políticas y programas en Chile pueden hacer que esta distribución sea más equitativa. La primera parte del informe examina la evidencia sobre las brechas de género y sus causas, incluyendo el papel que juegan los estereotipos de género. La segunda parte desarrolla un marco de trabajo integral para abordar estos desafíos, presentando una amplia gama de opciones para reducir la carga del trabajo no remunerado que recae sobre las mujeres, y para aumentar los ingresos laborales de estas. La última parte analiza el impacto de la crisis de COVID-19 y considera cómo las prioridades políticas del gobierno tendrán que adaptarse para afrontar estos desafíos.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7105c4d-es
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  • 155
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    Gender Equality in Chile : Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264468146 , 9789264561267 , 9789264357716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Igualdad de género en Chile : Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Lohnstruktur ; Hausarbeit ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Chile ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The OECD review of Gender Equality in Chile: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work is the first of a series addressing Latin American and the Caribbean countries. It compares gender gaps in labour and educational outcomes in Chile with other countries. Particular attention is put on the uneven distribution of unpaid work, and the extra burden this places on women. It investigates how policies and programmes in Chile can make this distribution more equitable. The first part of the report reviews the evidence on gender gaps and on what causes these, including the role played by attitudes. The second part develops a comprehensive framework to address these challenges, presenting a broad range of options to reduce the unpaid work burden falling on women, and to increase women’s labour income. The final part discusses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and considers how the policy priorities of the government will have to change to address these.
    DOI: 10.1787/6cc8ea3e-en
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  • 156
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    Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d'étape (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462229 , 9789264948679 , 9789264347151
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط: تقرير مرحلي
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d’étape analyse les grandes tendances et l’évolution de l’intégration dans la région euro-méditerranéenne. Le rapport examine cinq domaines d’intégration régionale, à savoir l’intégration commerciale, l’intégration financière, l’intégration des infrastructures, la mobilité des personnes, ainsi que la recherche et l’enseignement supérieur. Le rapport présente une analyse originale des modèles et des défis de l’intégration dans la région euro-méditerranéenne, qui met en évidence l’interdépendance des domaines examinés – par exemple, comment accroître le commerce régional sans une connectivité des transports abordable ? Le rapport apporte un nouvel éclairage basé sur l’analyse temporelle d’indicateurs de performances quantitatifs et qualitatifs spécifiques. Près de 100 graphiques et tableaux présentent les données de 42 pays membres de l’Union pour la Méditerranée et, le cas échéant, des pays partenaires de la région. Le rapport fournit des points clés à retenir et des recommandations stratégiques visant à favoriser l’intégration régionale dans chacun des cinq domaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a41651e-fr
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  • 157
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    Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África 2021 : Transformação digital e empregos de qualidade (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264470255 , 9789264724891 , 9789264429338
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (301 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Africa’s Development Dynamics 2021: Digital Transformation for Quality Jobs
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dynamiques du développement en Afrique 2021 : Transformation digitale et qualité de l'emploi
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África usa as lições de cinco regiões do continente – África Central, África Oriental, Norte de África, África Austral e África Ocidental – para desenvolver recomendações em matéria de políticas públicas e partilhar boas práticas. Com base nas estatísticas mais recentes, esta análise das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento visa ajudar os líderes africanos a cumprirem as metas da Agenda 2063 da União Africana a todos os níveis: continental, regional, nacional e local. A edição de 2021, agora publicada no início do ano, analisa a forma como a digitalização pode criar empregos de qualidade e contribuir para a concretização da Agenda 2063, tornando assim as economias africanas mais resilientes à recessão mundial desencadeada pela pandemia do COVID-19. O relatório identifica quatro áreas principais para a transformação digital de África: colmatar o fosso digital, apoiar a inovação local, capacitar os trabalhadores independentes, e harmonizar, aplicar e monitorizar as estratégias digitais. Esta edição inclui um novo capítulo que analisa as perspetivas de financiamento do desenvolvimento de África no contexto da crise económica mundial de 2020. Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África tem por vocação alimentar o debate entre os membros da União Africana, assim como os cidadãos e os empreendedores. O seu objetivo é contribuir para um novo modelo de colaboração entre países e entre regiões centrado na aprendizagem mútua e na preservação dos bens comuns. O relatório é o resultado de uma parceria entre a Comissão da União Africana e o Centro de Desenvolvimento da OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/57b4223e-pt
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  • 158
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    Fitter Minds, Fitter Jobs : From Awareness to Change in Integrated Mental Health, Skills and Work Policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264727465 , 9789264497689 , 9789264750982
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: A series of reviews of mental health and work policies in selected OECD countries revealed the challenge of mental health for social and labour market outcomes and policies and the high costs of the continued stigmatisation of mental health for individuals, employers and societies. To better respond to this challenge, in early 2016 health and employment ministers from the 38 OECD countries endorsed a Recommendation of the Council on Integrated Mental Health, Skills, and Work Policy. The Recommendation asked for a holistic mental-health-in-all-policies approach, with particular attention to a timely and integrated delivery of services and the involvement of frontline actors. Five years later, it is time to assess progress achieved in the policy areas covered by the Recommendation (health policy, youth policy, workplace policy, and welfare policy). This report complements a legal document prepared by the OECD on the implementation of the Recommendation five years after its adoption, and adds quantitative evidence to it as well as considerations about the implications of the experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic on future versions of the Recommendation. Policy is in flux in most countries but much more will have to be done to implement the principles and fulfil the promises of the Recommendation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a0815d0f-en
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  • 159
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    Schooling during a pandemic : the experience and outcomes of schoolchildren during the first round of COVID-19 lockdowns (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264579019 , 9789264366824 , 9789264955110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thorn, William Schooling during a pandemic
    Keywords: OECD ; Schüler ; Schulbesuch ; Telearbeit ; Psychische Krankheit ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Gesundheit ; COVID-19 ; Fernstudium ; Fernunterricht ; Lernen ; E-Learning ; Student ; Schüler ; Elternarbeit ; Schule ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This report offers an initial overview of the available information regarding the circumstances, nature and outcomes of the education of schoolchildren during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020. Its purpose is primarily descriptive: it presents information from high quality quantitative studies on the experience of learning during this period in order to ground the examination and discussion of these issues in empirical examples. Information is presented on three interrelated topics: the nature of the educational experience during the period of lockdowns and school closures; the home environment in which education took place for the vast majority of schoolchildren; the effects on the mental health and learning outcomes for children during this period. The data come primarily from 5 countries (France, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States) with additional information on some aspects for 6 additional countries (Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Canada, Finland, Italy and the Netherlands). This report will be of interest to policy makers, academics, education stakeholders and anyone interested in a first international empirical analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the lives and education of schoolchildren.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c78681e-en
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  • 160
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    Entrepreneurship in Regional Innovation Clusters : Case Study of Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, Thailand (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264184589 , 9789264798120 , 9789264870314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Innovative KMU ; Regionales Cluster ; Innovation ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Northern (Thailand, Provinz) ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report evaluates how to strengthen Thailand's SME and entrepreneurship policies to promote innovative entrepreneurship and SME innovation at regional level. This is critical in supporting a shift towards a more innovation-driven and regionally-balanced economy in Thailand. The report illustrates the needs by taking a specific policy case, namely activating new and small firms in the development of an innovation cluster in the advanced agriculture and biotechnology and food for the future sectors in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai regions in northern Thailand. The report examines policy options in four major areas affecting the cluster: strengthening the local entrepreneurship ecosystem for example in scale-up finance and entrepreneurial culture; upgrading business development services so they that the match the requirements of SME innovation; attracting foreign direct investment and brokering supply chain linkages with local SMEs; and creating a cluster management organisation to co-ordinate policy. The report makes policy recommendations illustrated by international inspiring policy practice examples in each area. It shares a vision for translating Thailand's new-found biotechnology research strengths into economic development by stimulating innovation absorption by SMEs and commercialisation by start-ups and scale-ups.
    DOI: 10.1787/2a24a552-en
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  • 161
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    Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems : Lessons from Six OECD Countries (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264751804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening the governance of skills systems
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Estland ; Deutschland ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Portugal ; USA ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Estonia ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; Portugal ; United States
    Abstract: The governance of skills systems has always raised a number of challenges for governments. Being at the intersection of education, labour market, industrial and other policy domains, managing skills policies is inherently complex. Addressing these challenges is more than ever crucial as globalisation, technological progress and demographic change are putting daunting pressures on skills systems to ensure that all members of society are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems: Lessons from Six OECD Countries provides advice on how to make the governance of skills systems effective. Building on the OECD Skills Strategy 2019, which identified four main challenges of skills systems governance, the report presents examples of how six different countries (Estonia, Germany, Korea, Norway, Portugal and the United States) have responded to one or several of these challenges. It also outlines concrete policy recommendations together with a self-assessment tool which provides guidance to policy makers and stakeholders for designing better skills systems that deliver better skills outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a4bb6ea-en
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  • 162
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    OECD Skills Strategy Slovak Republic : Assessment and Recommendations (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264364202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Slovak Republic
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Slowakei ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Bildungspolitik ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, “OECD Skills Strategy Slovak Republic: Assessment and Recommendations”, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to strengthen the skills of youth, reduce skills imbalances, foster greater participation in adult learning and strengthen the use of skills in the workplace.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb688e68-en
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  • 163
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    Who Cares? Attracting and Retaining Care Workers for the Elderly (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624658 , 9789264383746 , 9789264799189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (187 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Who cares?
    Keywords: Pflegeberufe ; Personalbeschaffung ; Personalmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Pflegeberuf
    Abstract: This report presents the most up-to-date and comprehensive cross-country assessment of long-term care (LTC) workers, the tasks they perform and the policies to address shortages in OECD countries. It highlights the importance of improving working conditions in the sector and making care work more attractive and shows that there is space to increase productivity by enhancing the use of technology, providing a better use of skills and investing in prevention. Population ageing has outpaced the growth of workers in the long-term care (LTC) sector and the sector struggles with attracting and retaining enough workers to care for those dependent on others for care. Non-standard work is widespread, pay levels tend to be lower than similar-qualification jobs in other health sectors, and LTC workers experience more health problems than other health workers. Further, educational requirements tend to be insufficient to perform more demanding and growing tasks of LTC. With growing demand for care at home, better co-ordination between the health and long-term care sectors and between formal and informal careers is needed.
    DOI: 10.1787/92c0ef68-en
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  • 164
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    Government at a Glance: Western Balkans (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264701182 , 9789264632325 , 9789264332751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Government at a glance
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Regierung ; Transparenz ; E-Government ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; Nordmazedonien ; Serbien ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Serbia ; Westbalkan ; Staatstätigkeit ; Regierung ; Verwaltung
    Abstract: Government at a Glance: Western Balkans presents information on public governance in the Western Balkan region – covering Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, and compares it to OECD and OECD-EU countries. This first regional edition features 40 indicators on public finance, public employment, centre of government, budgeting practices and procedures, human resources management, public procurement, digital government, core government results and serving citizens. Governance indicators provide important benchmarks on public administration systems, practices and performance. Indicators are presented in a user-friendly format using charts, with brief descriptive analyses of the major findings, and a methodological section on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8c72f1b-en
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  • 165
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    International Compendium of Entrepreneurship Policies (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264329508 , 9789264710146 , 9789264411753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Estonia ; France ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Portugal ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: It is increasingly understood that entrepreneurship plays a critical role in economic growth and well-being. But which policies can governments develop to release its benefits? This publication offers guidance and inspiration. It identifies the range of entrepreneurship policies being pursued internationally, the problems the policies seek to solve and how they are designed and implemented. The focus is on how to create a broad base of start-ups with the potential for sustainability and growth by building a pipeline of new entrepreneurs, supporting start-ups to overcome barriers in areas such as skills, finance and innovation and stimulating vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems. The publication examines the rationale for entrepreneurship policy, presents a typology of policy approaches and highlights principles for policy success. The points are illustrated by 16 case studies of inspiring practice policies from 12 OECD countries. These cases span policies for regulations and taxation, entrepreneurship education and training, advice and coaching, access to finance, internationalisation, innovation, and holistic packages for ecosystem building. Helpful summary tables guide readers to the information that will respond to their questions. The publication will give readers an overview of key entrepreneurship policy interventions and tips on entrepreneurship policy success.
    DOI: 10.1787/338f1873-en
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  • 166
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    Systemic Thinking for Policy Making : The Potential of Systems Analysis for Addressing Global Policy Challenges in the 21st Century (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264494565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: New Approaches to Economic Challenges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Systemic thinking for policy making
    Keywords: Systems Thinking ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: We live in a period of profound systemic change, and as in similar periods in the past, there is bound to be considerable instability and uncertainty before the new society and economy take shape. We have to identify actions that will shape change for the better, and help to build resilience to the inevitable shocks inherent in, and generated by, the complex system of systems constituted by the economy, society and the environment. These challenges require updating the way policies are devised and implemented, and developing more realistic tools and techniques to design those policies on the basis of appropriate data. In Systemic Thinking for Policy Making world experts from the OECD and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) pool their expertise and experience to propose new approaches to analysing the interconnected trends and issues shaping today’s and tomorrow’s world. The authors argue that to tackle planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy and socio-political systems, we have to understand their systemic properties, such as tipping points, interconnectedness and resilience. They give the reader a precise introduction to the tools and techniques needed to do so, and offer hope that we can overcome the challenges the world is facing.
    DOI: 10.1787/879c4f7a-en
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  • 167
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    Intégrer les immigrants pour stimuler l’innovation au Québec, Canada (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264622722 , 9789264358010 , 9789264698161
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Revues de l'OCDE sur la création locale d'emplois
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Canada
    Abstract: L’attractivité du Québec auprès des migrants repose à la fois sur les politiques d’intégration au marché du travail et sur la nature des opportunités d’emploi. Cependant, bien que les immigrés du Québec figurent parmi les plus éduqués de l’OCDE, la province reste confrontée à de nombreux défis qui les empêchent de s’intégrer au marché du travail. Parmi ces défis, on note une maîtrise imparfaite de la langue française, la non-reconnaissance des qualifications étrangères, des différences culturelles qui se reflètent dans les habitudes professionnelles et un manque d’initiatives visant la promotion de l’entrepreneuriat. Dans le cadre de cette étude une enquête auprès employeurs a été réalisée afin de comprendre leur expérience en matière de recrutement d’immigrants et de connaître leur perception de l’utilité des outils disponibles pour favoriser l’intégration et l’embauche d’immigrants. Ce rapport présente une analyse des enjeux liés à l’intégration des migrants au niveau local et propose des exemples de bonnes pratiques mises en place dans d’autres régions de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b41b9e8-fr
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  • 168
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    Effective Adult Learning Policies : Challenges and Solutions for Latin American Countries (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264511316 , 9789264463943 , 9789264668874
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Effective adult learning policies
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Bildungspolitik ; Lateinamerika ; Education ; Employment ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile ; Mexico ; Lateinamerika ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: In Latin America and the Caribbean, as across the globe, globalisation and rapid technological change, together with demographic developments are reshaping skill demands and supply in all countries. These trends are expected to continue in the coming years at an increasing pace. Technological progress, in particular, is profoundly transforming the world of work and, in turn, the skills demanded by employers. This poses challenges but it also creates opportunities for Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries in the near future. Effective Adult Learning Policies: Challenges and Solutions for Latin American Countries discusses how individuals and firms in Latin American countries can harness the benefits of those changes. The report explores the challenges for LAC adult learning systems in supplying labour market relevant skills, what are the barriers to an inclusive participation in adult learning and what solutions governments, firms and individuals should collectively put in place to ensure that adult learning is truly effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6b6a726-en
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  • 169
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    Changing Laws and Breaking Barriers for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264494466 , 9789264819993 , 9789264803800
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe تغيير القوانين وكسر الحواجز من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Changing laws and breaking barriers for women's economic empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Frauenpolitik ; Ägypten ; Jordanien ; Marokko ; Tunesien ; MENA-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: At a moment when many countries of the MENA region are looking to accelerate economic growth and build more stable, open societies, this report argues that greater women’s economic empowerment holds one of the keys. It asserts that despite challenges some countries are facing in guaranteeing women equal access to economic opportunity, progress is underway and can be further nurtured through targeted, inclusive and coordinated policy actions. Building on the conclusions of a first monitoring report released in 2017, the report analyses recent legislative, policy and institutional reforms in support of women’s economic empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia and seeks to identify success factors that have helped anchor reform. Moreover, it delivers actionable examples and practical tools for policy makers to help them transform policies into effective actions for women’s economic empowerment.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac780735-en
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  • 170
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    All Hands In? Making Diversity Work for All (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264879935 , 9789264632318 , 9789264472228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als All hands in?
    Keywords: Diversity Management ; Soziale Integration ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD societies have become increasingly diverse in the past decades, offering new opportunities if diversity is properly managed. Ensuring that OECD countries are equipped to make the most of diversity by fully utilising all talent among diverse populations and promoting inclusive labour markets is a key challenge. Both businesses and governments are responding to this challenge with policies to strengthen the inclusion of diverse groups in the workplace and labour markets. This report considers five key groups who are widely considered disadvantaged in the labour market and society at large and who often face discrimination based on their group membership: immigrants, their descendants and ethnic minorities; LGBT people; older people; people with disabilities; and women. It assesses: i) how the inclusion of these groups in OECD labour markets has evolved over time, ii) the evidence on how diversity affects economic outcomes; and iii) which policies countries have implemented and what is known about their effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/efb14583-en
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  • 171
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    Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264636019 , 9789264678477 , 9789264421691
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Compétitivité et développement du secteur privé
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe تغيير القوانين وكسر الحواجز من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changing Laws and Breaking Barriers for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: À l’heure où de nombreux pays de la région MENA cherchent à accélérer leur croissance économique et à construire des sociétés plus stables et plus ouvertes, ce rapport soutient qu’une plus grande autonomisation économique des femmes est l’une des clés pour atteindre ce double objectif. Il affirme qu’en dépit des difficultés rencontrées par certains pays pour garantir aux femmes un accès égal aux opportunités économiques, des progrès sont en cours et peuvent être renforcés par des actions politiques ciblées, inclusives et coordonnées. S’appuyant sur les conclusions d’un premier rapport de suivi publié en 2017, le présent rapport analyse les réformes législatives, politiques et institutionnelles récentes en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes en Égypte, en Jordanie, au Maroc et en Tunisie et cherche à identifier les facteurs de réussite qui ont contribué à ancrer ces réformes. Il fournit par ailleurs des exemples concrets et des outils pratiques à l’intention des décideurs politiques pour les aider à transformer les politiques publiques en actions efficaces pour l’autonomisation économique des femmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/af7f3846-fr
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  • 172
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    L’importance des compétences : Résultats supplémentaires de l'évaluation des compétences des adultes (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264379923 , 9789264387171 , 9789264687448
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: La révolution technologique qui a marqué les dernières décennies du XXe siècle a entraîné une forte augmentation de la demande de facultés de traitement de l’information et d’autres compétences cognitives et interpersonnelles sur le marché du travail. Sur la base des résultats des 33 pays et régions ayant participé aux deux premières vagues de l'Enquête sur les compétences des adultes en 2011-12 et 2014-15, ce rapport décrit les compétences dans trois domaines de traitement de l'information et examine comment les compétences sont liées au marché du travail et aux résultats sociaux. Il décrit notamment les résultats des six pays ayant participé à la troisième vague du premier cycle du PIAAC en 2017-18 (Équateur, États-Unis, Hongrie, Kazakhstan, Mexique et Pérou). L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, un produit du Programme de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PIAAC), a été conçue pour montrer dans quelle mesure les individus possèdent certaines de ces facultés et compétences clés et comment ils les utilisent dans le cadre professionnel et dans la vie privée. Cette enquête, la première du genre, évalue directement le niveau de compétence dans trois domaines du traitement de l’information : la littératie, la numératie et la résolution de problèmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/176f15d3-fr
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  • 173
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    Exploring policy options on teleworking : Steering local economic and employment development in the time of remote work (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2020/10
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper explores and classifies some of the most common policy options adopted by national, regional and local policy makers in the context of or prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to enable, encourage and make the most of teleworking. It also considers efforts to foster the attraction and retention of remote workers and entrepreneurs in particular places. The current crisis represents, among other things, a mass experiment in teleworking, unprecedented in size and scope. A shift towards large-scale, long-lasting teleworking would have profound implications for the geography of local employment. However, SMEs may be less equipped than larger firms to face this change. Public policy can play an important role in turning teleworking into an opportunity for all, to minimise the potential of widening pre-existing disparities between people, places and firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/5738b561-en
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  • 174
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    Raising the basic skills of workers in England, United Kingdom (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264383715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Raising the basic skills of workers in England, United Kingdom
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report provides examples and recommendations to help overcome obstacles to engage low-skilled workers and their employers in skills development. England has implemented impressive measures aimed at helping workers and employers to upskill. Nonetheless, there remains room for improvement. More can be done to identify workers with low basic skills, raise awareness of why improving those skills is important, increase the accessibility to relevant courses, ensure these courses are flexible enough to accommodate adult learners who are already employed, and finally make the provision relevant to career aspirations. This report urges England to establish and promote a vision for raising the skills of low-skilled workers, identify their needs more systematically, and provide targeted guidance and information to them and their employers. It highlights that accessible and flexible adult learning opportunities in the workplace, home, community and by other means such as online and distance learning can better meet the varied needs of low-skilled workers. It also makes the case for the use of contextualised learning approaches, which create connections between basic skills and vocational context, and a more effective use of basic skills in workplaces to maintain, develop and realise the benefits of prior skills investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ff42de8-en
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  • 175
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    Qu'ont fait les plateformes pour protéger les travailleurs pendant la crise du coronavirus (COVID-19) ? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What have platforms done to protect workers during the coronavirus (COVID 19) crisis?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La pandémie du COVID‑19 pose deux risques majeurs pour les travailleurs des plateformes : l’exposition au virus et la perte de revenu. Ces risques sont aggravés par un accès généralement moindre aux prestations par rapport aux individus occupant un emploi classique. La présente note examine les mesures prises par les entreprises des plateformes pour protéger la santé et les revenus des travailleurs qui les ont utilisées pendant la pandémie, et rend compte des points de vue des travailleurs des plateformes sur le caractère satisfaisant de ces mesures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9cc1e75d-fr
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  • 176
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    Apoio às pessoas e empresas para lidar com o vírus COVID-19: opções de respostas imediatas para o emprego e as políticas sociais (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: As políticas públicas da OCDE para responder ao coronavírus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoyar a las personas y las empresas para combatir el COVID-19: opciones para una respuesta inmediata en materia de empleo y política social
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting people and companies to deal with the COVID-19 virus: Options for an immediate employment and social-policy response
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: O avanço da COVID-19 impõe desafios sem precedentes para pessoas, famílias e empresas. A contenção da pandemia e proteção das pessoas é a principal prioridade. Não obstante, cadeias de suprimentos interrompidas, medidas de contenção que limitam as interações econômicas e sociais e a queda da demanda, colocam em risco o emprego e os meios de subsistência das pessoas. Faz-se mister responder à crise com políticas sociais e de estímulo ao emprego. Reduzir a exposição dos trabalhadores à COVID-19 no local de trabalho e garantir o acesso a auxílio de renda para trabalhadores doentes e em quarentena é essencial. Pais que trabalham precisam de ajuda para lidar com necessidades de cuidado imprevistas diante do o fechamento de escolas e da particular vulnerabilidade de parentes idosos. Regimes de trabalho em horário reduzido podem ajudar a proteger os empregos e proporcionar alívio às empresas em dificuldades, conforme evidenciado durante a última crise financeira e econômica. Os trabalhadores que perdem seus empregos e fontes de renda, incluindo aqueles em modalidades de trabalho informal, precisam de auxilio à rendimento. Como as empresas sofrem uma queda acentuada na demanda, o rápido apoio financeiro por meio de doações ou créditos pode ajudá-las a suprir as lacunas de liquidez. Muitos países afetados introduziram ou anunciaram medidas ambiciosas nos últimos dias e semanas, muitas vezes com foco no apoio aos mais vulneráveis, que foram incumbidos com uma parcela desproporcional do ônus. Esta nota e a tabela de políticas anexa contribuem para o compartilhamento de evidências sobre o papel e a eficácia de várias ferramentas de políticas.
    DOI: 10.1787/3771a5e3-pt
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  • 177
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    Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice : Fit for All Generations? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264757943 , 9789264726567 , 9789264847002
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Global transformations – from population ageing to digitalisation, rising inequalities and climate change – have created profound uncertainties for young people and future generations, despite unprecedented access to information, education and technology. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing challenges in youth’s mental well-being and employment, while raising concerns about the sustainability of public finances. This report provides the first comparative assessment of the policies, laws, institutional capacities and governance tools put in place by 42 national governments and the European Union to promote youth empowerment and intergenerational justice. It sets benchmarks for cross-country comparisons in three main areas: 1) Supporting youth’s transition to an autonomous life, 2) Enhancing youth’s participation and representation in public life as well as trust in government, and 3) Delivering fair policy outcomes for all generations. Finally, it provides practical insights for policy makers, civil society and young people seeking to build a present and future that leaves no generation behind.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3e5cb8a-en
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  • 178
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    Preparing the Basque Country, Spain for the Future of Work (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264386969 , 9789264765108 , 9789264727823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Spain
    Abstract: COVID-19 is testing the Basque Country’s (Spain) resilience. Before COVID-19, employment indicators were recovering from the 2008 crisis, while automation of production was underway. Job quality remained low despite rising educational attainment in the region. COVID-19 is likely to accelerate structural changes in the labour market, including automation and digitalisation. Firms may increasingly look to technology as a way to pandemic proof their operations, while individuals may develop preferences for automated services as opposed to face to face contact. This OECD report sheds light on the potential impacts of automation on the Basque labour market, including which types of jobs and groups of workers are most likely to be impacted, in light of COVID-19 and other labour market changes. The report also highlights the critical role to be played by employment services, training policies and social dialogue to help people and firms make labour market transitions while upholding social cohesion. The report delves into how the Basque Country’s employment and skills system can continue to be at the front line as the crisis evolves.
    DOI: 10.1787/86616269-en
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  • 179
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    Employment and Skills Strategies in Indonesia (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264766808 , 9789264956308 , 9789264655843
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Indonesia
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Indonesien ; Städtischer Arbeitsmarkt ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Indonesia ; Fachkunde ; Indonesien ; Arbeitsförderung ; Schlüsselqualifikation ; Berufstätigkeit ; Beschäftigung
    Abstract: This report comes at a time when policy makers are challenged by the COVID-19 crisis that is generating a profound reflection on economic and social well-being. Before COVID-19 hit, Indonesia had experienced remarkable economic growth, making substantial progress in poverty reduction and gains in employment. However, there are large differences in outcomes across Indonesian provinces, which often reflect the quality of local infrastructure, services, education, and jobs. This joint Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) study sheds light on challenges and opportunities to promote employment and skills outcomes at the local level in Indonesia. The analysis presented in this OECD/ADB report shows the importance of strengthening local institutions managing and delivering employment and skills policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc9f0c7c-en
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  • 180
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    From pandemic to recovery: Local employment and economic development (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This note provides evidence on the importance of local action to help address the short-term and long-term consequences of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. It estimates that the share of jobs potentially at risk during confinement ranges from 15% to 35% across regions within 30 OECD and 4 non-OECD European countries. It explains why the local role is essential for the recovery, and explores the potential game changing nature of this outbreak for local development going forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/879d2913-en
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  • 181
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    Promoting an Age-Inclusive Workforce : Living, Learning and Earning Longer (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264555143 , 9789264691476 , 9789264786103
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Personalentwicklung ; Employment
    Abstract: All OECD economies are undergoing rapid population ageing, leading to more age diversity in workplaces than ever before as people are not only living longer but working longer. Greater diversity of experience, generations and skills gives employers an important opportunity to harness the talent that different age groups bring to the workplace and improve productivity and profitability. What can employers do to maximise the benefits of a multigenerational workforce? This report presents a business case for embracing greater age diversity at the workplace and debunks several myths about generational differences in work performance, attitudes and motivations towards work. It points to key employer policies and offers practical examples in three key areas to support and promote an age-inclusive workforce. This includes designing and putting in place all-age and life-stage policies covering the full span of workers careers through best practice in recruitment, retention and retirement, as well as the promotion of life-long learning and good health at work.
    DOI: 10.1787/59752153-en
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  • 182
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    Les dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi pendant la période de confinement de la crise du COVID-19 et au-delà (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Job retention schemes during the COVID-19 lockdown and beyond
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi comptent parmi les principaux instruments auxquels nombre de pays de l’OCDE ont eu recours pour atténuer les répercussions, sur le marché du travail et sur le plan social, de la crise liée à la COVID-19. En mai 2020, 50 millions d’emplois environ en bénéficiaient à l’échelle de ces pays, soit dix fois plus que lors de la crise financière mondiale de 2008-09. S’ils ont permis d’éviter une flambée du chômage grâce à l’allègement des coûts salariaux, ces dispositifs sont aussi venus alléger les difficultés financières et soutenir la demande globale en préservant le revenu de ceux qui travaillent à horaire réduit. À l’avenir, les pouvoirs publics devront veiller à ce que les dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi ne soient pas réduits trop rapidement, favorisant ainsi la suppression d’emplois viables, ou trop lentement, devenant alors un obstacle à la reprise économique. Lorsque la situation sanitaire et économique s’améliorera, il conviendra de mieux cibler les dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi sur les emplois viables mais risquant d’être supprimés, et de privilégier l’accompagnement des travailleurs susceptibles de perdre leur emploi plutôt que la protection de ces emplois.
    DOI: 10.1787/d315c5f1-fr
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  • 183
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    Apoyar a las personas y las empresas para combatir el COVID-19: opciones para una respuesta inmediata en materia de empleo y política social (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoio às pessoas e empresas para lidar com o vírus COVID-19: opções de respostas imediatas para o emprego e as políticas sociais
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting people and companies to deal with the COVID-19 virus: Options for an immediate employment and social-policy response
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La crisis del COVID-19 plantea desafíos sin precedentes para personas, hogares y empresas. En los últimos días y semanas, muchos países afectados han introducido o anunciado medidas audaces, a menudo enfocadas en el apoyo a los más vulnerables que soportan una parte desproporcionada de la carga. Esta nota y el cuadro de políticas que la acompaña contribuyen al intercambio de pruebas sobre el papel y la eficacia de diversos instrumentos de política.
    DOI: 10.1787/4752b583-es
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  • 184
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    Making the Most of Technology for Learning and Training in Latin America (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264864726 , 9789264400160 , 9789264664494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making the most of technology for learning and training in Latin America
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Lateinamerika ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Argentina ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; Guatemala ; Honduras ; Mexico ; Peru ; Venezuela ; Lateinamerika ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Digitalisation is transforming the world of work and societies, and creating opportunities to learn and develop skills in new ways, times and places. The adoption and use of digital technologies can help Latin American countries close the skills gap with more advanced economies. Making the Most of Technology for Learning and Training in Latin America demonstrates how Latin American countries can realise the potential of new technologies for skills development in schools and all stages of life. It identifies barriers to accessing ICT infrastructure and connectivity limitations in Latin America, and provides recommendations on how they can be overcome to ensure that all students and citizens can benefit from new technologies for learning. The report explores the relationship between technology use in initial education and students’ performance in Latin America, and how policies can best support teachers as digital tools enter their classrooms. Digitalisation provides new opportunities for lifelong learning and this report examines the potential of open education and MOOCs in reaching those adults who are most in need of training in Latin American countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/ce2b1a62-en
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  • 185
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    Enhancing Training Opportunities in SMEs in Korea (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264387867 , 9789264687295 , 9789264802933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (187 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing training opportunities in SMEs in Korea
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement ; KMU ; Südkorea ; Education ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Betriebliche Ausbildung
    Abstract: This report assesses whether training workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea is adequate, relevant, and aligned to skills needs. It analyses policy options to expand access to training for SMEs, remove the barriers to training participation/provision, and ensure that training provided by SMEs supports their growth and encourages innovation, particularly in the context of the 4th industrial revolution. Based on this analysis, this report provides actionable policy recommendations as well as good practice examples from OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/7aa1c1db-en
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  • 186
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    OECD Skills Strategy Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) : Assessment and Recommendations (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264951839 , 9789264787582 , 9789264800779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Nordirland ; Education ; Employment ; United Kingdom ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances, and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, “OECD Skills Strategy Northern Ireland (United Kingdom): Assessment and Recommendations”, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to reduce skills imbalances, create a culture of lifelong learning, transform workplaces to make better use of skills, and strengthen the governance of skills policies in Northern Ireland.
    DOI: 10.1787/1857c8af-en
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  • 187
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    Mobiliser la main-d'œuvre pendant la crise du COVID-19 : mesures en matière de compétences (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Skill measures to mobilise the workforce during the COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: Cette synthèse examine les moyens mis en place par les pays pour faire face aux pénuries immédiates de main d’œuvre pendant la crise du COVID-19. Elle identifie d’abord le type d’emplois recherchés grâce aux données en ligne sur les postes vacants, puis décrit les profils de compétences correspondants à ces emplois. En les comparant avec les profils de compétences d’emplois similaires peu recherchés, elle analyse la viabilité de la reconversion des chômeurs vers les emplois présentant une hausse des embauches. La synthèse partage des exemples de méthodes novatrices au moyen desquelles les pays ont assuré la reconversion et le redéploiement de la main-d’œuvre pour satisfaire la demande immédiate pendant la crise sanitaire. Des leçons peuvent être tirées de cette expérience pour les initiatives de reconversion à moyen terme que les pays devront mettre en œuvre pour aider les travailleurs à passer à l’économie de l’après COVID‑19 et remédier aux pénuries continues de compétences.
    DOI: 10.1787/28032cdc-fr
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  • 188
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    Skill measures to mobilise the workforce during the COVID-19 crisis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mobiliser la main-d'œuvre pendant la crise du COVID-19 : mesures en matière de compétences
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment
    Abstract: This policy brief investigates how countries responded to immediate shortages of workers during the COVID-19 crisis. It identifies which jobs were in demand using online vacancy data and describes the skills profiles of those jobs. By comparing them with the skills profiles of similar jobs in low demand, it considers the viability of redeploying unemployed adults to jobs where hiring is increasing. The brief shares examples of innovative ways in which countries retrained and redeployed their labour force to meet immediate demand during the health crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/afd33a65-en
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  • 189
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    What have platforms done to protect workers during the coronavirus (COVID 19) crisis? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Qu'ont fait les plateformes pour protéger les travailleurs pendant la crise du coronavirus (COVID-19) ?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID‑19 pandemic has posed two major risks to platform workers – exposure to the virus and income loss – compounded by the generally lower levels of access among platform workers to benefits compared with individuals in standard employment. This note examines the measures taken by platform companies to protect the health and the incomes of workers using their platforms during the pandemic, and captures the views of the platform workers regarding the adequacy of these measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d1c7aa2-en
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  • 190
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    Servicios públicos de empleo en primera línea para solicitantes de empleo, trabajadores y empleadores (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Public employment services in the frontline for employees, jobseekers and employers
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: Las consecuencias de la pandemia de coronavirus (COVID-19) para el mercado laboral serán probablemente graves. Muchas empresas están luchando por mantenerse a flote durante las medidas de confinamiento, a menudo estrictas, y un gran número de trabajadores ya han estado involucrados en diversos programas de empleo de corta duración o han sido despedidos. Los servicios de empleo públicos y privados (PES, por sus siglas en inglés) desempeñarán un papel crucial para impedir que el mercado laboral colapse durante la crisis y promover una rápida recuperación una vez que comiencen a levantarse las medidas de confinamiento. Estos servicios tendrán que prestar un apoyo cada vez más virtual (es decir, no presencial) a una afluencia sin precedentes de solicitantes de empleo. Esto incluirá garantizar que las prestaciones se paguen sin demora, proporcionar información y alentar a los solicitantes de empleo a mantenerse activos incluso si hay menos vacantes. A corto plazo, el impacto económico de la pandemia está desplazando la demanda de mano de obra entre sectores y regiones y queda por ver si esto conducirá a una reasignación más permanente de la mano de obra. Por lo tanto, los PES en cada país no sólo se enfrentarán a un aumento en el número de solicitantes de empleo, sino también a la necesidad de reasignar potencialmente muchos de ellos entre ocupaciones, sectores y regiones. Esto requiere proporcionarles buena información sobre el mercado de trabajo y apoyo para el desarrollo de competencias. Para cumplir con estas tareas particularmente difíciles, los PES deben ser ágiles y adaptarse rápidamente a la nueva situación. Esta nota proporciona orientación sobre cómo se puede hacer esto.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a921e6c-es
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  • 191
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    Supporting people and companies to deal with the COVID-19 virus: Options for an immediate employment and social-policy response (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoio às pessoas e empresas para lidar com o vírus COVID-19: opções de respostas imediatas para o emprego e as políticas sociais
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoyar a las personas y las empresas para combatir el COVID-19: opciones para una respuesta inmediata en materia de empleo y política social
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The unfolding COVID-19 crisis is challenging people, households and firms in unprecedented ways. Many affected countries introduced or announced bold measures over the last days and weeks, often with a focus on supporting the most vulnerable who are bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. This note, and the accompanying policy table, contributes to evidence-sharing on the role and effectiveness of various policy tools.
    DOI: 10.1787/d33dffe6-en
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  • 192
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    Job retention schemes during the COVID-19 lockdown and beyond (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi pendant la période de confinement de la crise du COVID-19 et au-delà
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Job retention (JR) schemes have been one of the main policy tools used by a number of OECD countries to contain the employment and social fallout of the COVID-19 crisis. By May 2020, JR schemes supported about 50 million jobs across the OECD, about ten times as many as during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. By reducing labour costs, JR schemes have prevented a surge in unemployment, while they have mitigated financial hardship and buttressed aggregate demand by supporting the incomes of workers on reduced working time. Looking forward, governments need to be vigilant to ensure that JR schemes are not downscaled too quickly, and allow viable jobs to be destroyed, or too slowly, and become an obstacle to the economic recovery. When the health and economic situation improves, JR support needs to be better targeted to jobs that are viable but at risk of being terminated and place a greater focus on supporting workers at risk of becoming unemployed rather than their jobs.
    DOI: 10.1787/0853ba1d-en
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  • 193
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    Public employment services in the frontline for employees, jobseekers and employers (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Servicios públicos de empleo en primera línea para solicitantes de empleo, trabajadores y empleadores
    Keywords: Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Unterbeschäftigung ; Lohnersatzleistungen ; Coronavirus ; Welt ; Employment
    Abstract: The consequences of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic for the labour market are likely to be severe. Many firms are struggling to stay afloat during the often strict confinement measures, and large numbers of workers have already either been involved in various forms of short-time work schemes or laid off. Public and private employment services (PES) will play a crucial role in preventing the labour market from seizing up during the crisis and in promoting a fast recovery once confinement measures start to be lifted. They will need to provide support on an increasingly virtual (i.e. not face to face) basis to an unparalleled inflow of jobseekers. This will include ensuring that benefits are paid out without delay, providing information, and encouraging jobseekers to stay active even if there are fewer vacancies. In the short-term, the economic impact of the pandemic is shifting labour demand across sectors and regions, and it remains to be seen if this will lead to more permanent re-allocation of labour across sectors and regions. Therefore, the PES in each country will not only be facing a surge in the number of jobseekers but also the need to potentially reallocate many of them across occupations, sectors and regions. This requires providing them with good labour market information and support for skills development. In order to fulfil these particularly challenging tasks, PES need to be agile and quickly adapt to the new situation. This policy brief provides guidance on how this can be done.
    DOI: 10.1787/c986ff92-en
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  • 194
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    Le congé de maladie payé pour protéger les revenus, la santé et les emplois pendant la crise du COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Paid sick leave to protect income, health and jobs through the COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: La présente synthèse examine les mesures mises en œuvre et les données d’observation sur les congés maladie pris au cours des trois premiers mois de la crise. Elle constate que les congés de maladie payés peuvent être un outil particulièrement efficace pendant la phase de déconfinement, dans le cadre d’une stratégie rigoureuse de dépistage, traçage et isolement.
    DOI: 10.1787/156ab874-fr
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  • 195
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    Choque cultural: COVID-19 y los sectores culturales y creativos (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture shock: COVID-19 and the cultural and creative sectors
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Shock cultura: COVID-19 e settori culturali e creativi
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment
    Abstract: Los sectores culturales y creativos son importantes por sus propios méritos en términos de sus impactos económicos y en el empleo. Estos también incentivan la innovación a través de la economía, a la vez que contribuyen a numerosos canales para el impacto social positivo (bienestar y salud, educación, inclusión, regeneración urbana, etc.). Estos se encuentran entre los más afectados por la pandemia, siendo las grandes ciudades las que contienen la mayor cantidad de empleos en riesgo. Las dinámicas varían entre subsectores, las actividades en establecimientos públicos y sus correspondientes cadenas de suministro son las más afectadas. Las políticas para apoyar a las empresas y los trabajadores durante la pandemia pueden estar mal adaptadas para los modelos empresariales y formas de empleo no tradicionales del sector. Además de apoyo a corto plazo a artistas y empresas, tanto del sector privado como del público, las políticas también pueden aprovechar el impacto económico y social de la cultura en sus paquetes de recuperación más amplios y esfuerzos para transformar las economías locales.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd926413-es
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  • 196
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    Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes of Higher Education in Four US States : Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264630710 , 9789264780217 , 9789264411494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (450 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education in four US States
    Keywords: Washington (Staat) ; Studium ; Bildungsertrag ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Washington ; Studium ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, higher education graduates enjoy higher employment rates and earnings than workers with only an upper secondary qualification. However, not all graduates find jobs that make full use of their skills and help them launch rewarding careers, and employers in some economic sectors point to a lack of qualified graduates. Policy makers are concerned about the current alignment of higher education systems to labour markets, and are increasingly uneasy about the future of work and the resilience of higher education systems in uncertain economic times. This report, which focuses on four US states – Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington – is the third of a series of country-specific reviews conducted as part of the OECD project on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education. The report offers a comprehensive review of graduate outcomes and policies supporting alignment between higher education and the labour market in the four participating states in 2018-19, an overview of the US labour market and higher education context, and a range of policy examples from across OECD jurisdictions to help improve the alignment of higher education and the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/38361454-en
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  • 197
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    Preparing for the Future of Work in Canada (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264824874 , 9789264346970 , 9789264550698
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Preparing for the future of work in Canada
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Automatisierung ; Coronavirus ; Kanada ; Ontario (Provinz) ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Canada ; Kanada ; Arbeitsangebot ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung
    Abstract: COVID-19 has led to a labour market shock in Canada and is likely to generate a profound reflection on production and consumption habits. COVID‑19 is also likely to accelerate automation as firms look to new technologies to pandemic proof their operations. While automation offers the opportunity to boost productivity, it can also create losers as vulnerable workers who lose jobs may not have the skills needed in a changing labour market. This OECD report examines the potential impacts of automation on people and places across Canada with a special focus on the Province of Ontario. It also sheds light on policies and programmes that can help regions and cities to prepare for the future of work.
    DOI: 10.1787/05c1b185-en
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  • 198
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    تغيير القوانين وكسر الحواجز من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264884847
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changing Laws and Breaking Barriers for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: في الوقت الذي تتطلع فيه العديد من بلدان منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا إلى تسريع وتيرة النمو الاقتصادي وبناء مجتمعات أكثر استقرارًا وانفتاحًا، يشير هذا التقرير إلى أن المزيد من التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة هو أحد المفاتيح لتحقيق ذلك. كما يؤكد أنه على الرغم من التحديات التي تواجه بعض البلدان لضمان المساواة للمرأة في الوصول إلى الفرص الاقتصادية، فإن التقدم يحدث حاليًا ويمكن تعزيزه بشكل أكبر من خلال تدابير سياساتية موجهة ومنسقة وشاملة للجميع. وبالبناء على استنتاجات تقرير رصد أول صدر في عام 2017، يحلل هذا التقرير الإصلاحات التشريعية والسياساتية والمؤسسية التي أجريت مؤخرًا لدعم التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس، كما يسعى إلى تحديد عوامل النجاح التي ساعدت على ترسيخ الإصلاح. وعلاوة على ذلك، يقدم التقرير أمثلة لتدابير قابلة للتنفيذ وأدوات عملية لمساعدة صانعي السياسات على تحويل السياسات إلى إجراءات وتدابير فعالة من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf21c6de-ar
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  • 199
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    Workforce Innovation to Foster Positive Learning Environments in Canada (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264584723 , 9789264977624 , 9789264412910
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Workforce innovation to foster positive learning environments in Canada
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Kanada ; Education ; Employment ; Canada ; Kanada ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: Canada has introduced a set of programmes to test novel approaches to skills development. This report analyses the potential of these programmes to improve the future-readiness of Canada’s adult learning system. Further, it outlines how these programmes might be expanded to promote optimal skills use and learning within workplaces, through the use of high-performance work practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/a92cf94d-en
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  • 200
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    Paid sick leave to protect income, health and jobs through the COVID-19 crisis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le congé de maladie payé pour protéger les revenus, la santé et les emplois pendant la crise du COVID-19
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Lohnfortzahlung ; Lohnersatzleistungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment
    Abstract: This brief discusses policy developments and evidence on the incidence of sick leave during the first three months of the crisis. It concludes that paid sick leave can be a particularly effective tool during de-confinement, as part of a rigorous testing, tracking, tracing and isolating strategy.
    DOI: 10.1787/a9e1a154-en
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