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  • Online Resource  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (8)
  • Political science.  (4)
  • Science.  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chromosomes Today : Proceedings of the Ninth International Chromosome Conference held in Marseille, France, 18-21 June 1986 (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401091664
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: Molecular Cytogenetics -- Genetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular CytogeneticsGenetics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila and Maize -- Chromosome Accomodation to Integration of Foreign DNA -- Rapidly Evolving Bkm DNA is Associated with Hypervariable Domains -- Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Molecular Dissection of the Drosophila Chromosome -- Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila -- Structure and Function of Y Chromosomal Genes in Drosophila -- Chromosomes and Evolution -- A Model for Heterochromatin Dispersion and the Evolution of C-Band Patterns -- The Role of Chromosomes in Speciation: A new Interpretation -- Chromosome Evolution in Marsupials -- Comparative gene Mapping and Primate Evolution -- Chromosomes and Malignant Changes -- Chromosomal Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoid cell Proliferations. Recent Advances -- Retroviruses with two Oncogenes -- PH1 Chromosome: Cytogenetics and Molecular Aspects -- Sex Chromosomes -- Conservation in toto of the Mammalian X-Linkage Group as A Frozen Accident -- The Genetic Basis of Testis Determination in Man -- A Molecular Analysis of the Human Y Chromosome -- An Evolutionaryly Conserved Early Replicating Segment on the sex Chromosomes of Man and the Great Apes -- Meiosis and Aneuploidy -- Meiotic Behavior of Sex Chromosomes; what is Normal? -- DNAse I Hypersensitivity Characterizes the XY Pairing Region at Meiosis in Man -- Chromosome Behaviour at Female Meiosis in two Murine (Robertsonian) Trisomies -- Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in the Human Male. Experience from Surface Spread Synaptonemal Complexes -- The Oocyte Spindle and Predisposition to Aneuploidy in Mice -- Nucleolus Organiser -- The Molecular Organization of the Human Ribo-Somal Gene -- Nucleolus Organizer Regions and Nucleoli: Cytological Findings -- Relations Between Nucleoli and Nucleolus-Organizing Regions During the cell Cycle -- Nucleolar Organisers in Plants -- Immunocytochemical Localization of RNA Poly-Merase I in the Fibrillar Centers of Nucleoli -- Distribution of Rdna and of Its Transcription Sites in the Nucleolus of the Human Sertoli cell -- Association of Ribosomal Genes in the Human Oocyte At Meiotic Prophase. Cytogenetic Consequences.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9166-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electronic Mass Media in Europe. Prospects and Developments : A Report from the FAST Programme of the Commission of the European Communities (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400939493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (538p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer engineering ; Social sciences ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Electrical engineering.
    Abstract: France -- Les nouveaux réseaux d’images en France -- Tendances de l’audiovisuel en France a l’horizon 2000 -- Les médias électroniques, une chance pour les quotidiens francais? -- Great-Britain -- The development of transmission systems in the U.K. A fifteen-year forecast -- Impact of new communication technologies on media industry in the European Community: audio-visual media in Britain -- West-Germany -- The evolution of media infrastructure in the Federal Republic of Germany -- Future trends of the electronic textmedia in West-Germany -- The Netherlands -- Development of transmission facilities for electronic media in the Netherlands -- Future trends of audio-visual media in the Netherlands -- Future trends of electronic textmedia in the Netherlands -- Belgium -- Propos sur les nouveaux médias en Belgique francophone. Prévisions 1995 -- The development of the audio-visual and electronic textmedia in Flanders, respectivily Belgium -- Denmark -- Future media trends in Denmark -- Greece -- Future media trends in Greece -- Ireland -- The impact of new communication technologies on the media industry in the Republic of Ireland -- Italy -- Impact of new communication technologies in the media industry in Italy -- Luxembourg -- Future media trends in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg -- North-American Perspective -- Future development of new media in the European Community. Some implications drawn from the North-American experience -- Japanese Perspective -- The impact of new communication technologies on the media industry in Japan.
    Description / Table of Contents: FranceLes nouveaux réseaux d’images en France -- Tendances de l’audiovisuel en France a l’horizon 2000 -- Les médias électroniques, une chance pour les quotidiens francais? -- Great-Britain -- The development of transmission systems in the U.K. A fifteen-year forecast -- Impact of new communication technologies on media industry in the European Community: audio-visual media in Britain -- West-Germany -- The evolution of media infrastructure in the Federal Republic of Germany -- Future trends of the electronic textmedia in West-Germany -- The Netherlands -- Development of transmission facilities for electronic media in the Netherlands -- Future trends of audio-visual media in the Netherlands -- Future trends of electronic textmedia in the Netherlands -- Belgium -- Propos sur les nouveaux médias en Belgique francophone. Prévisions 1995 -- The development of the audio-visual and electronic textmedia in Flanders, respectivily Belgium -- Denmark -- Future media trends in Denmark -- Greece -- Future media trends in Greece -- Ireland -- The impact of new communication technologies on the media industry in the Republic of Ireland -- Italy -- Impact of new communication technologies in the media industry in Italy -- Luxembourg -- Future media trends in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg -- North-American Perspective -- Future development of new media in the European Community. Some implications drawn from the North-American experience -- Japanese Perspective -- The impact of new communication technologies on the media industry in Japan.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3949-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    National Security Issues of the USSR (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400936430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Regional planning ; History. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Political science.
    Abstract: One: Soviet Foreign Policy under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (1) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (2) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Two: Domestic Policy under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (1) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (2) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Three: Arms Control under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (1) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (2) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Four: Security Aspects of Science and Technology in the Ussr -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (1) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (2) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Five: Economics — Overall -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (1) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (2) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Six: Economics — Military-Industrial -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (1) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (2) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Seven: Current Soviet Military Doctrine -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (1) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (2) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Eight: Soviet Military Strategy in the Emerging Post-Nuclear Era -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (1) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (2) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (3) -- Summary of discussion.
    Abstract: LORD CARRINGTON Secretary General, North Atla/ltic Treaty Orga/lisation In providing a foreword to this volume, I have to declare an interest. I was, and am still, an enthusiastic advocate of the idea of having a resident Sovietologist at NATO headquarters, Indeed, I wondered how the work of the organisation had been done for so long without the benefit of a resident expert on a subject of such crucial interest. I was therefore delighted when an American academic of high reputation, Murray Feshbach, joined us as our first Sovietologist. I was also encouraged that he decided to organise last November a Workshop in which NATO staff could take part and which would attract prestigious participants from all the countries of this alliance, I saw for myself the high level of interest created by the Workshop, and judge it to have a very considerable success, I hope there will be other similar events in the future, There is no doubt that, in the light of the series of developments and changes launched over recent months by Mr.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Soviet Foreign Policy under GorbachevComments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (1) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (2) -- Comments on the paper of Arnold L. Horelick (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Two: Domestic Policy under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (1) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (2) -- Comments on the paper of Michel Tatu (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Three: Arms Control under Gorbachev -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (1) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (2) -- Comments on the paper of Lawrence Freedman (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Four: Security Aspects of Science and Technology in the Ussr -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (1) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (2) -- Comments on the paper of Heinrich Vogel and Hans-Henning Schröder (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Five: Economics - Overall -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (1) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (2) -- Comments on the paper of Pierre Audigier (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Six: Economics - Military-Industrial -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (1) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (2) -- Comments on the paper of Herbert S. Levine and Bryan Roberts (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Seven: Current Soviet Military Doctrine -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (1) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (2) -- Comments on the paper of Franklyn Griffiths (3) -- Summary of discussion -- Eight: Soviet Military Strategy in the Emerging Post-Nuclear Era -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (1) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (2) -- Comments on the paper of Edward Luttwak (3) -- Summary of discussion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3643-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Introduction to Optimization Methods and their Application in Statistics (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400931534
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to optimization methods -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton—Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon—Fletcher—Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher—Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    Abstract: Optimization techniques are used to find the values of a set of parameters which maximize or minimize some objective function of interest. Such methods have become of great importance in statistics for estimation, model fitting, etc. This text attempts to give a brief introduction to optimization methods and their use in several important areas of statistics. It does not pretend to provide either a complete treatment of optimization techniques or a comprehensive review of their application in statistics; such a review would, of course, require a volume several orders of magnitude larger than this since almost every issue of every statistics journal contains one or other paper which involves the application of an optimization method. It is hoped that the text will be useful to students on applied statistics courses and to researchers needing to use optimization techniques in a statistical context. Lastly, my thanks are due to Bertha Lakey for typing the manuscript.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 An introduction to optimization methods1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The optimization problem -- 1.3 Some simple examples -- 1.4 Minimization procedures -- 1.5 Constrained minimization -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Direct search methods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Univariate search methods -- 2.3 Multiparameter search methods -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Gradient methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The method of steepest descent -- 3.3 The Newton-Raphson method -- 3.4 The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method -- 3.5 The Fletcher-Reeves method -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Some examples of the application of optimization techniques to statistical problems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Maximum likelihood estimation -- 4.3 Maximum likelihood estimation for incomplete data -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Optimization in regression problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Regression -- 5.3 Non-linear regression -- 5.4 Log-linear and linear logistic models -- 5.5 The generalized linear model -- 5.6 Summary -- 6 Optimization in multivariate analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maximum likelihood factor analysis -- 6.3 Cluster analysis -- 6.4 Multidimensional scaling -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: exercises -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3153-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Development of American Federalism (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400932739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: I The Origins of Federal Governments -- 1 The Origin of Federal Government -- 2 The Invention of Centralized Federalism -- 3 Dutch and American Federalism -- II The Measurement of Federalism -- 4 Disharmony in Federal Government -- 5 The Measurement of American Federalism -- 6 The Relation Between Structure and Stability in Federal Governments -- III Federal Institutions -- 7 The Senate and American Federalism -- 8 The Decline and Rise of the Militia -- 9 Administrative Centralization -- 10 Presidential Action in Congressional Nominations -- 11 Party Organization.
    Abstract: The chapters of this book have diverse origins. They were written over the period 1954-1984. Several (i.e., three, four, seven, and ten) were originally published in scholarly journals. Several (i.e., one, eight, nine, and eleven) are excerpts from my previous books: Soldiers of the States and Federalism: Origin, Operation and Significance. And several (i.e., two, five, and six) were written for conferences and are now published here for the first time. Despite the fact that this history suggests they are quite unrelated, these chapters do indeed center on one theme: the continuity of American federalism. In order to emphasize that theme, I have written an introduction and an initial commentary for each chapter. These commen­ taries, taken together, with the introduction, constitute the exposition of the theme. Some of these chapters (four, six, and ten) were written with my students, Ronald Schaps, John Lemco, and William Bast. They did much of the research and analysis so the credit for these chapters belongs to them as much as to me. Chapter five is based quite closely on William Paul Alexander's dissertation for the Ph. D. degree at the University of Rochester, 1973.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Origins of Federal Governments1 The Origin of Federal Government -- 2 The Invention of Centralized Federalism -- 3 Dutch and American Federalism -- II The Measurement of Federalism -- 4 Disharmony in Federal Government -- 5 The Measurement of American Federalism -- 6 The Relation Between Structure and Stability in Federal Governments -- III Federal Institutions -- 7 The Senate and American Federalism -- 8 The Decline and Rise of the Militia -- 9 Administrative Centralization -- 10 Presidential Action in Congressional Nominations -- 11 Party Organization.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3273-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Autocracy (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401577410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 231 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Finance ; History ; Political science. ; Finance, Public.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Coups and Their Prevention -- III. War -- IV. ‘Popular’ Risings -- V. Legitimacy and Ethics -- VI. The Uses of Dictatorship -- VII. Becoming a Dictator -- VIII. The Problem of Succession -- IX. Democracy and Despotism -- Envoy.
    Abstract: My first serious thought about a scientific approach to politics was in Communist China. When the Communists seized China, the American Department of State, which was planning to recognize them, left its entire diplomatic establishment in place. At the time, I was a Vice Consul in Tientsin, so I found myself living under the Communists. While the Department of State was planning on recognizing the Communists, the Communist plans were obscure. In any event, they weren't going to recognize us in the Consulate­ General until formal relations were established between the two governments, so I had a great deal of leisure. As a man who then intended to spend his life as a political officer in the Department of State, I decided to fill in this time by reading political science. I rapidly realized, not only that the work was rather unsatisfactory from a scientific standpoint, but also that it didn't seem to have very much relevance to the Communist government under which I was then living. ! I was unable to solve the problem at the time, and after a number of vicissitudes which included service in Hong Kong and South Korea, neither of which was really a model of democracy, I resigned and switched over to an academic career primarily concerned with that mixture of economics and political science which we call Public Choice. Most of my work in Public Choice has dealt with democratic governments.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Coups and Their Prevention -- III. War -- IV. ‘Popular’ Risings -- V. Legitimacy and Ethics -- VI. The Uses of Dictatorship -- VII. Becoming a Dictator -- VIII. The Problem of Succession -- IX. Democracy and Despotism -- Envoy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7741-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wildlife Conservation Evaluation (1986)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400940918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: One Introduction -- 1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: In the mid 1970s two events led me to get to know the Yorkshire Dales better than I had previously. Since 1964 I had been to the Malham Tarn Field Centre with groups of students, first from the University of Edinburgh and then from the University of York, and my family very much enjoyed the summer days we spent amid this magnificent hill scenery. In 1976, the British Ecological Society and the National Trust jointly worked on a survey of the biological interest of the National Trust properties of the Kent, East Anglian and Yorkshire Regions. Malham Tarn itself, and the surrounding farms, formed one of the twenty properties of the Yorkshire Region. I spent the bank holiday, that commemorated the Queen's Silver Jubilee, at Malham, looking fairly closely at the National Trust's landholding there. Miss Sarah Priest, who also looked at the National Trust properties, and I produced a report in late 1977, attempting both to describe and to evaluate the nature resources of the National Trust in Yorkshire. In the following year, 1978, the Nature Conservancy Council wanted to survey the whole of the upland area that was known as the Malhaml Arncliffe SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). A contract to look at such an exciting area, considering where boundaries should go, and looking to see if there were important areas of habitat that should be brought within the SSSI, was a superb practical antidote to an office in the University.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4091-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Coffee : Volume 1: Chemistry (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    Abstract: The term 'coffee' comprises not only the consumable beverage obtained by extracting roasted coffee with hot water, but also a whole range of intermediate products starting from the freshly harvested coffee cherries. Green coffee beans are, however, the main item of international trade (believed second in importance only to oiI), for processing into roasted coffee, instant coffee and other coffee products, prepared for local consumers. The scientific and technical study of coffee in its entirety therefore involves a wide range of scientific disciplines and practical skills. It is evident that green coffee is a natural product of great compositional complexity, and this is even more true for coffee products deriving from the roasting of coffee. The present volume on the chemistry of coffee seeks to provide the re ader with a full and detailed synopsis of present knowledge on the chemical aspects of green, roasted and instant coffee, in a way which has not been attempted before, that is, within the confines of a single volume solely devoted to the subject. Each chapter is directed towards a separate generic group of constituents known to be present, ranging individually over carbohydrate, nitrogenous and lipid components, not forgetting the important aroma components of roasted coffee, nor the water present and its significance, together with groups of other important components.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4948-5
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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