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  • Online Resource  (138)
  • 1990-1994  (135)
  • 1930-1934  (3)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (114)
  • München
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München
    Pages: 334 S.
    Keywords: Tatra ; Märchen ; Sammlungen ; Collections ; Les collections
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  • 2
    ISBN: 3925450459
    Language: German
    Pages: 244 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011 Online-Ressource Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 94.59876
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch 25
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Institutionen und institutioneller Wandel in Südosteuropa
    DDC: 949.6
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Politik ; Religious institutions ; Balkan Peninsula ; Social institutions ; Balkan Peninsula ; Politischer Wandel ; Politische Institution ; Balkan Peninsula ; Politics and government ; 20th century ; Südosteuropa ; Konferenzschrift 1992 ; Südosteuropa ; Politische Institution ; Politischer Wandel
    Note: Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 94.59876
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489933348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 264 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Applied psychology ; Social service. ; Counseling.
    Abstract: 1 What is counselling? -- 2 Psychological approaches to counselling -- 3 Counselling and self-awareness -- 4 Basic principles and considerations -- 5 Maps of the counselling relationship -- 6 Counselling skills I: listening and attending -- 7 Counselling skills II: client-centred skills -- 8 Counselling skills III: helping with feelings -- 9 Counselling in specific health care contexts and recording counselling -- 10 Problems and support in counselling -- 11 Learning counselling skills -- 12 Counselling skills exercises -- 13 Extract from a counselling conversation -- 14 Conclusion -- References -- Bibliography: further reading.
    Abstract: This is the second edition of a book that I hope continues to be of practical value. For counselling must always be that: practical. No amount of talking, on its own, can really make a difference if people do not end up doing something as a result of counselling. The practical thread remains an important one throughout this edition. Counselling Skills for Health Professionals is not just a 'how to do it' book: people are probably too complicated for that approach to be of much use. Counselling is never simply a matter of learning a range of skills which you then apply in a range of settings. In the end, counselling is about facing the person in front of you, listening to them carefully and then supporting them as they work through their problems. For many problems, there are no easy answers and counselling doesn't offer any 'quick fixes'. It is essentially a supportive process. There are many things it cannot do. It cannot change certain social and political situations. It cannot cure diseases. On the other hand, what it can do is offer people more hope. Often, just the fact that there is somone who is prepared to hear your story and to listen to you is all that is needed. I remain convinced that the key issue in all types of counselling is the ability to listen.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489930774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 254 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Aging Research
    Abstract: One The Nature of Abuse -- 1 Introduction: the issues, practice and policy -- 2 The victims: older people and their carers in a domestic setting -- 3 Prevalence and prevention of abuse -- 4 Caring for carers: understanding the process that leads to abuse -- Two Older People, Home and Away -- 5 Dependency or interdependency? Is the concept of ‘dependent—abuse’ helpful? -- 6 Dependence, power and violation: gender issues in abuse of elderly people by formal carers -- 7 Physical abuse in homes and hospitals -- Three Dealing with Old Age Abuse -- 8 Clinical diagnosis and treatment -- 9 Social work practice in dealing with abuse -- 10 Considerations for practice -- Four Aspects of Abuse -- 11 Racial aspects of elder abuse -- 12 Homicide in elderly couples -- 13 Social work and old age abuse: laying down the law -- 14 Lifting the lid on elder abuse: questions and doubts -- Five Training Issues -- 15 Elder abuse and neglect: developing training programmes -- 16 Perspectives in training: assessment and intervention issues in old age abuse -- Appendix A summary and commentary on No Longer Afraid.
    Abstract: Age Concern always seeks to be at the forefront in raising issues of importance as part of our continuing fight to improve the quality of life of older people. To this end we are privi­ leged in being able to draw on the skills of people with the commitment, expertise and enthusiasm to press for much needed change. When, some years ago, we published a book by Mervyn Eastman on old age abuse, the subject was largely unrecognized. He played a pioneering role in drawing atten­ tion to this difficult and sensitive topic, classifying the various types of abuse, analysing their causes, their tragic effects and the different contexts in which they were likely to occur. Earlier, when I joined Age Concern, I had been struck by the paucity of knowledge of old age abuse. My previous work with children and young people provided me with stark reminders of how much more developed both policy and prac­ tice were in dealing with the abuse of children. Even in that field there was still much to learn, and subsequent legislation, policy guidelines and codes of practice have taken us further down the road by constructing clear lines of accountability and by protecting and representing children at risk, by helping potential abusers and developing practice that avoids punish­ ing victims through removing them from their homes.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461568414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Climate, climate change, climate fluctuations and climatic trends are only a few of the terms used today, in not only conferences, scientific symposia and workshops, but also parliaments and in discussions throughout society. To climatologists these terms may be well known; to the vast majority of people, however, they are new, and they require definition and explanation. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) inherited an interest and involvement in the studies of climate and climate change from its predecessor, the International Meteorological Organization (IMo), which was established in 1873. By 1929 the IMO had set up a Commission for Climatology to deal with matters related to climate studies. When, in 1950, the World Meteorological Organization assumed the mantle of the IMO, it retained the commission which, among other responsibilities, had already recognized the need for the definition and explana­ tion of terms used in climatology. It must also be said that much of what we now know about climate derives from the scientific and technical programmes co­ ordinated by IMO and now, to a much greater extent, by WMO. In 1979, the First World Climate Conference made an assessment of the status of knowledge of climate and climate variability, and recommended the establishment of a World Climate Programme. This recommendation was fully endorsed by the Eighth World Meteorological Congress, and the World Climate Programme was subse­ quently established by WMO in co-operation with the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
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  • 6
    ISBN: 3925450440
    Language: English
    Pages: 272 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011 Online-Ressource Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 94.45539
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Studien 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transition to a market economy at the end of the 20th century
    Former Title: Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts
    DDC: 949.6
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1900-1994 ; rswk-swf ; Kapitalismus ; Wirtschaft. Geschichte ; Capitalism -- Congresses ; Economic history -- 1990- -- Congresses ; Economic history -- 1971-1990 -- Congresses ; Mixed economy -- Congresses ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; rswk-swf ; Entwicklung ; rswk-swf ; Systemtransformation ; rswk-swf ; Wirtschaftssystem ; rswk-swf ; Wirtschaftsreform ; rswk-swf ; Marktwirtschaft ; rswk-swf ; Konferenzschrift 1994 ; Wirtschaftssystem ; Systemtransformation ; Geschichte 1900-1994 ; Marktwirtschaft ; Entwicklung ; Geschichte 1900-1994 ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Marktwirtschaft
    Note: Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 94.45539
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475750423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 336 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology ; Anthropology. ; History.
    Abstract: Based on detailed excavation data, the author reconstructs the paleography of the Santa Barbara coast ca. 8500 years ago, makes comparisons to other early California sites, and applies his findings to current theories of hunter-gatherers and coastal environments. With an emphasis on paleographic reconstructions, site formation processes, chronological studies, and integrated faunal analyses, the work will be of interest to a wide range of scholars working in shell middens, hunter-gatherer ecology, geoarchaeology, and coatal or aquatic adaptations
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9781489932327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 180 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Pharmacy
    Abstract: 1 Health care education: towards a corporate paradigm -- 2 The demise of curriculum -- 3 Case study: a credit scheme for nurses and midwives -- 4 Case study: Physiotherapy Access to Continuing Education -- 5 Case study: marketing professional development in education -- 6 The position of the corporate college -- 7 The market for education: supply and demand -- 8 Case study: incorporation and the responsive college -- 9 New models in a corporate paradigm.
    Abstract: Sometime in the 1980s, Norbert Singer, the then Director of Thames Polytechnic, became interested in the idea of becoming involved in nurse educa­ tion. Project 2000 had been published. In those days, there were three qualified nurses in the Polytechnic: all in the School of Post Compulsory Education and Training, and all involved in the training of nurse tutors. Knowing this, he tele­ phoned the Head of School: 'Take an interest in this', he said, 'Let's see how far it can go'. Singer had perceived the possibility of a new market - a major oppor­ tunity for his institution. Whereas we had been active in various minor collabor­ ations before, after that telephone call the development of health care education became a strategic priority. Now Thames Polytechnic is the University of Greenwich. We have a Faculty of Health with P2000 and 100+ staff; a major interest in physiotherapy training through a national agreement with the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy; the UK's first operational ENB Higher Award with Princess Alexandra and Newham College of Nursing and Midwifery and 1000+ students working for Greenwich awards through Nursing Times Open Learning. These developments are indicative of the scale and scope of recent changes in health care education.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489930750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 262 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social structure. ; Equality.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction to the study of ageing -- 2. Approaches to the study of ageing -- 3. Methodological aspects of the study of ageing -- 4. Historical and cultural perspectives on ageing -- 5. Images of ageing -- 6. The demography of ageing -- 7. Housing and the elderly -- 8. Work and retirement -- 9. Standards of living -- 10. Family and social networks -- 11. Health and illness -- 12. Services for elderly people -- 13. Issues in the politics of ageing -- References.
    Abstract: Old age is a part of the lifecycle about which there are numerous myths and stereotypes. To present an overstatement of commonly held beliefs, the old are portrayed as dependent individuals, characterized by a lack of social autonomy, unloved and neglected by both their immediate family and friends; and posing a threat to the living standards of younger age groups by being a 'burden' that consumes without producing. Older people are perceived as a single homogeneous group, and the experiment of ageing characterized as being the same for all individuals, irrespective of the diversity of their circumstances before the onset of old age. In this book, detailed statistical material is used to portray the circum­ stances of older people in modern society in an attempt to evaluate the appropriateness (or otherwise) of the major stereotypes of later life. This volume does not address ageing from a psychological or micro-social per­ spective. In particular, we do not explore major issues relating to old age. Rather we feel that, from the extensive collection of surveys concerned with the elderly, we can provide a context within which individual eld­ erly people can be studied from more anthropological or biographical perspectives.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489915078
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 341 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology ; Life sciences. ; Anthropology.
    Abstract: This volume assembles a diverse group of researchers to analyze the anthropological and biological disagreements regarding the origins of humans. The difficulties of various positions are pointed out, and an attempt at resolution is made by a rigorous definition of Homo sapiens sapiens. The balanced treatment will prove valuable for all researchers and students concerned with this controversial subject
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960702
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 267 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489959867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 437 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781461527909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 385 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Operations research ; Political science.
    Abstract: This volume further explores the possibilities that rational choice and game theory have to offer for international relations research, using a variety of approaches. For instance, while paying due attention to the importance of bilateral representations of international situations in the form of two person games, it also covers cooperative problems in international relations at a multilateral level. In order to achieve this, it contains several pieces of work that are inspired by notions of coalition analysis and cooperative game theory. In order to cover the various aspects of the formal treatment of international cooperation, the volume is divided into five parts: General Aspects, Specific Applications of Game Theory and Cooperation, Deterrence, Escalation and Crises, and finally Other Approaches to Modeling International Cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Cooperative Models in International Relations ResearchI Game Theory and Cooperation: General Aspects -- 1 Sources in Game Theory for International Relations Specialists -- 2 On Coalition Games -- 3 From Conflict to Cooperation in the Study of International Security -- 4 A Theory of Cooperation in the Triad -- II Game Theory and Cooperation: Specific Applications -- 5 International Cooperation Among Relative-Gains Maximizers -- 6 The Problem of Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory -- 7 Implementation Through Sequential Unanimity Games -- III Deterrence -- 8 Rational Deterrence in an Imperfect World -- 9 A Question of Procedure at the Vienna Arms Talks -- IV Escalation and Crises -- 10 Limited Nuclear Options and the Dynamics of Escalation -- 11 Signaling Difficulties with Linkage in Crisis Bargaining -- 12 Are Crises Rational? A Game-Theoretic Analysis -- V Other Approaches to Modeling International Cooperation -- 13 The Origin of Games: A Theory of the Formation of Ordinal Preferences and Games -- 14 An Economic Analysis of Cooperation in the European Community -- 15 Labor Relations in International Comparison, or Why Humans (and Nations) Sometimes Cooperate and Sometimes Don’t.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781461526742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXIV, 1085 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Keynote Lecture -- Plenary Lectures -- Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Food -- Application of NMR to Food Engineering -- Mechanical Processing of Food -- Thermal and Mass Transfer Operations of Food -- Phase Change Operation -- Concentration and Dehydration Processes -- Reaction Kinetics in Food Processing -- Fermentation Processes -- Bioreactors Using Enzymes and Cells -- Separation and Purification Processes -- Membrane Processes -- Pasteurization and Sterilization Processes -- Aseptic Processes -- Packaging Science and Technology -- Fouling and Cleaning -- Processing under Unusual Conditions -- Transportation and Preservation of Food -- Sensors, Process Control, and Factory Automation -- Innovation in Equipment Design and Plant Operation -- Environmental Problems in Food Industry -- Innovation in Traditional Food Processing -- Design of Physiological Functions of Foods from Engineering Viewpoints.
    Abstract: The necessity of prediction and fine control in the food manufacturing process is becoming more important than ever before, and food researchers and engineers must confront difficulties arising from the specificity of food materials and the sensitivity of human beings to taste. Fortunately, an overview of world research reveals that the mechanisms of the many complex phenomena found in the food manufacturing process have been gradually elucidated by skilful experiments using new analytical tools, methods and theoretical analyses. This book, the proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF6), held for the first time in Asia - in Chiba, Japan May 23 -27, 1993 - summarizes the frontiers of world food engineering in 1993. Congress was joined by the 4th International Conference on Fouling and Cleaning. There were 476 active members from 31 countries participating in the Congress. The editors hope that readers will find this book to be a useful review of the current state of food engineering, and will consider future developments in this research field. The editors extend thanks to the members of the organizing committee of ICEF6, and the advisors, Dr. Ryozo Toei, Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University and Dr. Masao Fujimaki, Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo. They also acknowledge the international advisory board members who helped the organizing committee in many ways, and the 10 foundations and 66 companies that financially supported the ICEF6. Finally, the editors are indebted to the reviewers of the manuscripts of these proceedings.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461535546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 302 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Base oils from petroleum -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types oflubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition oflubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation—the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
    Abstract: The use oflubricants began in ancient times and has developed into a major international business through the need to lubricate machines of increasing complexity. The impetus for lubricant development has arisen from need, so lubricatingpractice has precededan understandingofthescientificprinciples. This is not surprising as the scientific basis of the technology is, by nature, highly complex and interdisciplinary. However, we believe that the under­ standing of lubricant phenomena will continue to be developed at a mol­ ecular level to meet future challenges. These challenges will include the control of emissions from internal combustion engines, the reduction of friction and wear in machinery, and continuing improvements to lubricant performanceand life-time. More recently, there has been an increased understanding ofthe chemical aspects of lubrication, which has complemented the knowledge and under­ standing gained through studies dealing with physics and engineering. This book aims to bring together this chemical information and present it in a practical way. It is written by chemists who are authorities in the various specialisations within the lubricating industry, and is intended to be of interest to chemists who may already be working in the lubricating industry or in academia, and who are seeking a chemist's view of lubrication. It will also be of benefit to engineers and technologists familiar with the industry who requirea more fundamental understanding oflubricants.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Base oils from petroleum1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types oflubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition oflubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation-the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9781461526469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLII, 823 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Hydropower -- Lesotho Highlands Water Project: design and layout of underground works for ’Muela Hydropower Project -- Design and construction of the cooling water intake tunnel system for Point Aconi generating station, Nova Scotia -- Comparison of two classification systems as applied to the Alpe Devero tunnel, Italy -- Metro/Rail -- Planning and design of tunnels for the Jubilee Line extension, London -- New St Clair River tunnel, Canada-USA -- Application of NATM to design of underground stations in London Clay -- Water/Waste -- Underground works on Third Nairobi Water Supply Project -- Design and construction of caverns for an underground sewage treatment plant, Hong Kong -- The Snake: a rock tunnel for storing combined sewage water, Stockholm -- Tunnelling on the Penzance and St. Ives sewerage scheme, Cornwall, England -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- Two tunnel-boring machines for Lesotho: a design and case history -- Open TBM tunnelling in complex geology for railroad in Sweden -- Use of sedimentary rock impact indices in evaluation of tunnel-boring machine performance -- Development and performance of tunnel-boring machines on Phase II of the London Water Ring Main -- Environmental Issues -- Environmental planning for the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority’s MetroWest water supply tunnel -- Palais Bernheimer in Munich: tunnelling for parking space under a historic building -- Limiting the damage to historic buildings due to tunnelling: experience at the Mansion House, London -- Compensation grouting to limit settlements during tunnelling at Waterloo Station, London -- Ground movement model validation at the Heathrow Express trial tunnel -- Case Histories -- Gjøvik Olympic Mountain Hall, Norway -- Construction of new escalator shaft and passageways at London Underground’s Waterloo Station -- Water in TBM drives, Delivery Tunnel South, Lesotho Highlands Water Project -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- CEN safety standards for tunnelling machines and air locks -- Tunnels below waste disposal tips -- Machine tunnelling in the northwest of England -- EPB-shield tunnelling for the Taipei Metro, contract 201A -- TBM drive management by use of computerized systems -- Research -- Long-term measurements of loads on tunnel linings in overconsolidated clay -- Non-destructive investigation of tunnels -- Case Histories -- Design, construction and performance of a 700-m ‘cover and cut’ tunnel in soft clay, Norway -- Shotcrete in the construction of Pen-Y-Clip tunnel, North Wales -- Face support for a large Mix-Shield in heterogeneous ground conditions -- Design -- Tunnel ring design, development, testing and manufacture for the London Water Ring Main -- Medway tunnel detailed design -- Developments in precast concrete tunnel linings in the United Kingdom -- Case Histories -- Channel tunnel: French undersea crossover design and construction -- Design and construction of Metsovon road tunnel, Greece -- Construction of the ‘Passante Ferroviario’ link in Milan, Italy, lots 3P, 5P and 6P: excavation by large earth pressure balanced shield with chemical foam injection -- Pen-Y-Clip road tunnel, North Wales: achieving a dry lining through a pervious rock formation -- Hydropower -- Tunnel design in the design and construct context—the Pergau experience, Malaysia -- Serra da Mesa project, Brazil: excavation of shafts and penstocks -- Tunnel Machinery -- Rock cutting with roadheaders -- Increased productivity in construction of civil and mining tunnels through the use of high-capacity tunnel-boring machines and continuous belt conveyor muck haulage.
    Abstract: It is now more than twenty years since a proposal was first mooted to hold an international tunnelling symposium in Britain. At the time of the first symposium, held in London in 1976, the Channel Tunnel pro­ ject had just been shelved. Last weekend a charity walk was held in the finished tunnel, which will be open for business later in the year. Tunnels have figured prominently, and at times spectacularly, in the development of national and international links and it is hoped that such links gather pace in the future. It is particularly pleasing that Alastair Biggart of Storebrelt has agreed to deliver the twenty-sixth Sir Julius Wernher Memorial Lecture of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, entitled 'The changing face of tunnelling', at the start of this event. * Although almost every edition of the technical journals on tunnelling reports another £1 billion scheme somewhere in the world, it would be unfair of me to suggest that tunnelling is restricted to these prestigious schemes for major transport links. Much of the work that makes mod­ ern life possible receives hardly a mention outside the technical press and one suspects that society at large applies the 'out of sight, out of mind' attitude even more readily to underground construction than it does to other forms of engineering. Clearly, there is a contiiming need to improve the capacity and performance of our infrastructure, while hav­ ing a careful regard for the environment.
    Description / Table of Contents: HydropowerLesotho Highlands Water Project: design and layout of underground works for ’Muela Hydropower Project -- Design and construction of the cooling water intake tunnel system for Point Aconi generating station, Nova Scotia -- Comparison of two classification systems as applied to the Alpe Devero tunnel, Italy -- Metro/Rail -- Planning and design of tunnels for the Jubilee Line extension, London -- New St Clair River tunnel, Canada-USA -- Application of NATM to design of underground stations in London Clay -- Water/Waste -- Underground works on Third Nairobi Water Supply Project -- Design and construction of caverns for an underground sewage treatment plant, Hong Kong -- The Snake: a rock tunnel for storing combined sewage water, Stockholm -- Tunnelling on the Penzance and St. Ives sewerage scheme, Cornwall, England -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- Two tunnel-boring machines for Lesotho: a design and case history -- Open TBM tunnelling in complex geology for railroad in Sweden -- Use of sedimentary rock impact indices in evaluation of tunnel-boring machine performance -- Development and performance of tunnel-boring machines on Phase II of the London Water Ring Main -- Environmental Issues -- Environmental planning for the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority’s MetroWest water supply tunnel -- Palais Bernheimer in Munich: tunnelling for parking space under a historic building -- Limiting the damage to historic buildings due to tunnelling: experience at the Mansion House, London -- Compensation grouting to limit settlements during tunnelling at Waterloo Station, London -- Ground movement model validation at the Heathrow Express trial tunnel -- Case Histories -- Gjøvik Olympic Mountain Hall, Norway -- Construction of new escalator shaft and passageways at London Underground’s Waterloo Station -- Water in TBM drives, Delivery Tunnel South, Lesotho Highlands Water Project -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- CEN safety standards for tunnelling machines and air locks -- Tunnels below waste disposal tips -- Machine tunnelling in the northwest of England -- EPB-shield tunnelling for the Taipei Metro, contract 201A -- TBM drive management by use of computerized systems -- Research -- Long-term measurements of loads on tunnel linings in overconsolidated clay -- Non-destructive investigation of tunnels -- Case Histories -- Design, construction and performance of a 700-m ‘cover and cut’ tunnel in soft clay, Norway -- Shotcrete in the construction of Pen-Y-Clip tunnel, North Wales -- Face support for a large Mix-Shield in heterogeneous ground conditions -- Design -- Tunnel ring design, development, testing and manufacture for the London Water Ring Main -- Medway tunnel detailed design -- Developments in precast concrete tunnel linings in the United Kingdom -- Case Histories -- Channel tunnel: French undersea crossover design and construction -- Design and construction of Metsovon road tunnel, Greece -- Construction of the ‘Passante Ferroviario’ link in Milan, Italy, lots 3P, 5P and 6P: excavation by large earth pressure balanced shield with chemical foam injection -- Pen-Y-Clip road tunnel, North Wales: achieving a dry lining through a pervious rock formation -- Hydropower -- Tunnel design in the design and construct context-the Pergau experience, Malaysia -- Serra da Mesa project, Brazil: excavation of shafts and penstocks -- Tunnel Machinery -- Rock cutting with roadheaders -- Increased productivity in construction of civil and mining tunnels through the use of high-capacity tunnel-boring machines and continuous belt conveyor muck haulage.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Total System -- 1. Total Framework of the Toyota Production System -- II Subsystems -- 2. Adaptable Kanban System Maintains Just-In-Time Production -- 3. Supplier Kanban and the Sequence Schedule Used by Suppliers -- 4. Smoothed Production Helps Toyota Adapt to Demand Changes and Reduce Inventory -- 5. The Information System Between Toyota, Its Dealers, and Parts Manufacturers -- 6. Computer Control System in an Automobile Factory -- 7. How Toyota Shortened Production Lead Time -- 8. Reduction of Setup Time—Concepts and Techniques -- 9. Practical Procedure for Reducing Setup Time -- 10. Standard Operations Can Attain Balanced Production with Minimum Labor -- 11. Machine Layout, Multi-Function Workers, and Job Rotation Help Realize Flexible Workshops -- 12. Improvement Activities Help Reduce the Work Force and Increase Worker Morale -- 13. 5S—Foundation for Improvements -- 14. “Autonomous Defects Control” Assures Product Quality -- 15. Functional Management to Promote Company-Wide Quality Control and Cost Management -- III Quantitative Techniques -- 16. Sequencing Method for the Mixed-Model Assembly Line to Realize Smoothed Production -- 17. New Sequence Scheduling Method for Smoothing -- 18. Determining the Number of Kanban Pertinent to the Alternative Withdrawal Systems -- 19. Computer System for Kanban System Support -- 20. Numerical Analysis for Productivity Improvement -- IV Implementation -- 21. Review of Kanban System Principles -- 22. Prerequisites to Implementing the Toyota Production System -- 23. Applying the Toyota Production System Overseas -- Appendix 1: JIT Delivery System Can Ease Traffic Congestion and the Labor Shortage -- Appendix 2: Goals Coordination Method -- Appendix 3: Quantitative Analysis of Stocks in a JIT Multistage Production System Using the Constant Order Cycle Withdrawal Method -- Appendix 4: Quantitative Analysis of Lot Size in a JIT Production System Using Constant Order Quantity Withdrawal Method.
    Abstract: The Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing system is an internal system in use by its founder, Toyota Motor Corporation, but it has taken on a new look. Toyota Production System, Second Edition systematically describes the changes that have occurred to the most efficient production system in use today. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 1983, Toyota has integrated JIT with computer integrated manufacturing technology and a strategic informa­ tion system. The JIT goal of producing the necessary items in the necessary quantity at the necessary time is an internal driver of production and operations management. The addition of computer integrated technology (including expert systems by artificial intelligence) and information systems technology serve to further reduce costs, increase quality, and improve lead time. The new Toyota production system considers how to adapt production schedules to the demand changes in the marketplace while satisfying the goals of low cost, high quality, and timely delivery. The first edition of this book, Toyota Production System, published in 1983, is the basis for this book. It was translated into many languages including Spanish, Russian, Italian, Japanese, etc., and has played a definite role in inspiring production management systems throughout the world.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Total System1. Total Framework of the Toyota Production System -- II Subsystems -- 2. Adaptable Kanban System Maintains Just-In-Time Production -- 3. Supplier Kanban and the Sequence Schedule Used by Suppliers -- 4. Smoothed Production Helps Toyota Adapt to Demand Changes and Reduce Inventory -- 5. The Information System Between Toyota, Its Dealers, and Parts Manufacturers -- 6. Computer Control System in an Automobile Factory -- 7. How Toyota Shortened Production Lead Time -- 8. Reduction of Setup Time-Concepts and Techniques -- 9. Practical Procedure for Reducing Setup Time -- 10. Standard Operations Can Attain Balanced Production with Minimum Labor -- 11. Machine Layout, Multi-Function Workers, and Job Rotation Help Realize Flexible Workshops -- 12. Improvement Activities Help Reduce the Work Force and Increase Worker Morale -- 13. 5S-Foundation for Improvements -- 14. “Autonomous Defects Control” Assures Product Quality -- 15. Functional Management to Promote Company-Wide Quality Control and Cost Management -- III Quantitative Techniques -- 16. Sequencing Method for the Mixed-Model Assembly Line to Realize Smoothed Production -- 17. New Sequence Scheduling Method for Smoothing -- 18. Determining the Number of Kanban Pertinent to the Alternative Withdrawal Systems -- 19. Computer System for Kanban System Support -- 20. Numerical Analysis for Productivity Improvement -- IV Implementation -- 21. Review of Kanban System Principles -- 22. Prerequisites to Implementing the Toyota Production System -- 23. Applying the Toyota Production System Overseas -- Appendix 1: JIT Delivery System Can Ease Traffic Congestion and the Labor Shortage -- Appendix 2: Goals Coordination Method -- Appendix 3: Quantitative Analysis of Stocks in a JIT Multistage Production System Using the Constant Order Cycle Withdrawal Method -- Appendix 4: Quantitative Analysis of Lot Size in a JIT Production System Using Constant Order Quantity Withdrawal Method.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461521570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 354 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Industrial engineering. ; Production engineering. ; Agriculture. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Dedication -- Preface -- 1. Introduction and Historical -- 2. Bacteriology of the Heat Sterilization of Milk . -- 3. Chemical and Physical Changes in Milk at High Temperatures -- 4. Types of UHT Processing Plant -- 5. Performance of UHT Processing Plant . -- 6. Aseptic Filling -- 7. Cleaning and Sterilization of UHT Processing Plant and Aseptic Fillers -- 8. Connection of Aseptic Fillers to UHT Processing Plant -- 9. Properties of UHT -Processed Milk -- 10. Fouling of Heat Exchangers -- 11. Laboratory and Legislative Control.
    Abstract: This book attempts to explain the scientific basis for UHT sterilization and aseptic filling, as well as describe the processes and equipment used. I have tried to avoid producing merely a catalogue of sterilizers and aseptic fillers. Instead I have attempted to explain the principles on which the different types of plant operate, and discuss the factors which influence performance, so that information given by manufac­ turers may be assessed by readers in relation to their own processing requirements. Statements are generally supported by references. Where no re­ ference is given, personal experience or my interpretation of the work of others is my justification. Although the book deals mainly with milk and milk products, I hope that the information it contains will be useful to those dealing with other products, since the principles of processing are in general the same. The book is based on more than 30 years' involvement with research into UHT processing and aseptic filling. During this time I have been fortunate to work with and to talk to many people from whom I have learned a great deal. I benefited from conta.cts with Dr T. R. Ashton (England) and Professor H. Hostettler. (Switzerland), who were pioneers in the commercial development of UHT milk. More recently I have been privileged to know and work with research workers in many countries having a common interest in UHT processing. Of these, I should mention particularly Professors E. L. Thomas, V. A.
    Description / Table of Contents: DedicationPreface -- 1. Introduction and Historical -- 2. Bacteriology of the Heat Sterilization of Milk . -- 3. Chemical and Physical Changes in Milk at High Temperatures -- 4. Types of UHT Processing Plant -- 5. Performance of UHT Processing Plant . -- 6. Aseptic Filling -- 7. Cleaning and Sterilization of UHT Processing Plant and Aseptic Fillers -- 8. Connection of Aseptic Fillers to UHT Processing Plant -- 9. Properties of UHT -Processed Milk -- 10. Fouling of Heat Exchangers -- 11. Laboratory and Legislative Control.
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  • 19
    Pages: 352 S.
    Keywords: Finnland ; Märchen ; Sammlungen ; Collections ; Les collections
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  • 20
    Pages: 487 S.
    Keywords: KHM ; Sekundärliteratur ; Secondary Literature ; La littérature de deuxième main
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  • 21
    Pages: 152 S., Abb., Karten, Noten
    Series Statement: Volksmusik. Forschung und Pflege in Bayern
    Keywords: Niederbayern ; Volksmusik ; Kontext und Funktion ; Context and Function ; Le contexte et la fonction
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München
    Pages: 252 S.
    Keywords: Südtirol ; Sage ; Sammlungen ; Collections ; Les collections
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München
    Pages: 298 S.
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; Sage ; Sammlungen ; Collections ; Les collections
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  • 24
  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489944610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 203 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Rehabilitation ; Clinical psychology. ; Social service. ; Mentally ill—Rehabilitation.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 287 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 274 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
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  • 28
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 416 S. , Ill., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011 Online-Ressource Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 93.19315
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch 23
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Deutschland und die Völker Südosteuropas
    DDC: 949.6
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Althammer, Walter ; 1928- ; Außenpolitik ; Deutschland ; Balkan Peninsula ; Relations ; Germany ; Germany ; Relations ; Balkan Peninsula ; Südosteuropa ; Deutschland ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Festschrift ; Deutschland ; Südosteuropa ; Südosteuropa ; Außenpolitik ; Deutschland ; Althammer, Walter 1928- ; Deutschland ; Südosteuropa ; Deutschland ; Außenpolitik ; Südosteuropa
    Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl , Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 93.19315
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 361 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Mathematics ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Engineering.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9781489911490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 302 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This is the only available volume to summarize current knowledge of prehistoric regional exchange in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica. As such, anthropologists and archaeologists will find it a valuable source of important data for comparative analysis of regional systems relative to sociopolitical organization
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489963277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 395 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Popular works. ; History. ; Biology—Philosophy.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489964830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 435 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489945273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 190 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Public health ; Social service.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489944399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 176 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Social service.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461530244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 238 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Concepts and Background of CausationCausality in the Natural Sciences -- Concepts of Contagion -- Epidemiology and Causation -- Causation of Epidemics in the Prebacteriology Era -- The Age of Bacteriological Discovery -- References -- 2. Causation and Bacterial Diseases -- Jacob Henle -- Edwin Klebs -- Robert Koch -- New Diseases -- References -- 3. Causation and Acute Viral Diseases -- The Epidemiological Concept -- Agents in Search of Disease -- New Diseases -- References -- 4. Slow and Persistent Viral Infections -- Unconventional or True Slow Viral Infections -- Chronic CNS Diseases Due to Conventional Viruses -- New Challenges -- Summary -- References -- 5. Viruses and Cancer -- Burkitt’s Lymphoma -- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma -- Hodgkin’s Disease -- Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma -- Lymphomas and Other Malignancies in AIDS Patients -- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) -- Genital Herpes, Papillomaviruses, and Cervical Cancer -- Human T-cell Leukemia Virus, Type I (HTLV-I) and T-cell Leukemia -- Summary -- References -- 6. Causation of Epidemics and Immunological Diseases -- Epidemic Diseases -- Immunological Diseases -- References -- 7. Limitations of the Henle-Koch Postulates: Effect of New Concepts and of Technology -- Factors Directly Limiting the Henle-Koch Postulates as Originally Stated -- Role of New Developments in Technology on Causation -- References -- 8. Challenges to the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the Next Decade -- Retroviruses -- Other Infectious Agents -- Immunization Programs -- Emergence of New Viruses and New Viral Infections -- Early Diagnosis and Detection -- Other Challenges in Infectious Disease Epidemiology -- Summary -- References -- 9. Causation and Chronic Diseases -- Toward a Unified Concept -- References -- 10. Causation and Occupational Diseases -- Epidemiological Issues -- Legal Issues -- Causation and the Law -- Elements of Causal Proof in the Law -- Guidelines for Causation in Occupational Diseases -- Limitations and Applications -- Current Examples of Toxic Tort Litigation -- Possible Modifications of the System -- Summary -- References -- 11. The Clinical Illness Promotion Factor: A Third Ingredient -- Acute Infectious Diseases -- Viruses and Cancer -- Viruses and Chronic Disease -- Discussion -- References -- 12. Subclinical Epidemiology -- References -- Epilogue.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: One Large Area Liquid Crystal Displays -- 1.1 Computer Displays -- 1.2 Television Displays -- 1.3 Automotive Applications -- 1.4 Other Applications -- 1.5 Liquid Crystal Display Technology -- 1.6 Active Matrix Devices -- 1.7 Display Manufacturers -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Two Display Manufacturing Process -- 2.1 Color Filter Manufacturing -- 2.2 Active Matrix Display Manufacturing -- 2.3 Display Assembly -- 2.4 Display Manufacturing -- 2.5 AMLCD Factory -- Figures -- Tables -- Three Materials for Flat Panel Displays -- 3.1 Glass Substrates -- 3.2 ITO Sputtering -- 3.3 Other Sputtering Materials -- 3.4 Color Filters -- 3.5 Process Chemicals & Gases -- 3.6 Photoresists -- 3.7 Photomasks -- 3.8 Orientation Films -- 3.9 Spacers -- 3.10 Sealing Materials -- 3.11 Liquid Crystals -- 3.12 Polarizers/Compensation Films -- 3.13 Die Attach/Connector Materials -- 3.14 Display Backlighting -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Four Manufacturing Equipment -- 4.1 Substrate Cleaning -- 4.2 Photoresist Application/Baking -- 4.3 Photolithography -- 4.4 Etching/Stripping -- 4.5 Thin Film Deposition -- 4.6 Test Equipment -- 4.7 TFT Repair -- 4.8 Assembly -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Five -- 5.1 Materials Suppliers -- 5.2 Materials Supplier Listing -- 5.3 Equipment Suppliers -- 5.4 Test, Inspection & Repair Equipment Suppliers -- 5.5 Equipment Supplier Listing.
    Abstract: We live in the silicon age, and the quintessential item that defines our world is the computer. Silicon chips power the computer as well as many other products for work and leisure, such as calculators, radios, and televisions. In the forty years since the transistor was invented, the solid state revolution has affected the lives of almost everyone in the world. Based on silicon, solid state devices and integrated circuits have revolutionized electronics, data processing, communica­ tions, and the like. The computer, especially the personal computer, would be impossible without silicon devices. Only one computer was ever built using vacuum tubes, and the tubes had to be constantly replaced because they generated too much heat and burned out. Silicon devices allowed for reliable switching operations in arrays of hundreds and thousands of discrete devices. As a result, the very substantial industrial base that existed for producing vacuum tubes disappeared -with one exception. That exception is, of course, the CRT, which is evident in televisions, computer displays, and a host of other information display terminals. Until recently, there was nothing that could take its place, and it seemed that the CRT would remain as the electronic medium for all except the simplest displays. The CRT is about to go the way of the other vacuum tubes. It's dead, but doesn't know it yet.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Large Area Liquid Crystal Displays1.1 Computer Displays -- 1.2 Television Displays -- 1.3 Automotive Applications -- 1.4 Other Applications -- 1.5 Liquid Crystal Display Technology -- 1.6 Active Matrix Devices -- 1.7 Display Manufacturers -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Two Display Manufacturing Process -- 2.1 Color Filter Manufacturing -- 2.2 Active Matrix Display Manufacturing -- 2.3 Display Assembly -- 2.4 Display Manufacturing -- 2.5 AMLCD Factory -- Figures -- Tables -- Three Materials for Flat Panel Displays -- 3.1 Glass Substrates -- 3.2 ITO Sputtering -- 3.3 Other Sputtering Materials -- 3.4 Color Filters -- 3.5 Process Chemicals & Gases -- 3.6 Photoresists -- 3.7 Photomasks -- 3.8 Orientation Films -- 3.9 Spacers -- 3.10 Sealing Materials -- 3.11 Liquid Crystals -- 3.12 Polarizers/Compensation Films -- 3.13 Die Attach/Connector Materials -- 3.14 Display Backlighting -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Four Manufacturing Equipment -- 4.1 Substrate Cleaning -- 4.2 Photoresist Application/Baking -- 4.3 Photolithography -- 4.4 Etching/Stripping -- 4.5 Thin Film Deposition -- 4.6 Test Equipment -- 4.7 TFT Repair -- 4.8 Assembly -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Five -- 5.1 Materials Suppliers -- 5.2 Materials Supplier Listing -- 5.3 Equipment Suppliers -- 5.4 Test, Inspection & Repair Equipment Suppliers -- 5.5 Equipment Supplier Listing.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781468465518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I Introduction -- 1 The i386/i486 Architecture -- Section II Real-Address Mode -- 2 Programming in Real-Address Mode -- Section III Protected Mode -- 3 Memory Management -- 4 Enter and Leave Protected Mode -- 5 Page Programming -- 6 Control Transfers -- 7 Multitasking -- 8 Debugging -- 9 Input/Output -- 10 Exceptions and Interrupts -- Section IV Virtual-8086 Mode -- 11V86 Mode Programming -- Section V Appendices -- Appendix A Sample i486 Programs -- Appendix B The i386/i486 Instruction Set -- Appendix C Assembler and Linker.
    Abstract: This book gives x86 assembly language programmers a view about how to use the resources and features provided by the i386/i486 processor, the newest and most advanced microprocessor from the Intel x86 family. Because the i386/i486 processor is entirely compatible with its predecessor, the 8086/88 processor, this book concentrates on the enhanced features compared to its predecessor. We assume the reader is already familiar with the concepts of 8086/88 assembly language programming. Our goal is to show you the programming methods that apply to powerful features of the i386/i486. The i387 math coprocessor is not discussed in this book. A detailed explanation about how to use each i386/i486 instruction is not covered in this book. However, we list the complete i386/i486 instruction set in Appendix B. Organization of the Book This book is divided into sections to help readers start learning from the concepts that are similar to the 8086/8088 processor. Then, the discussion shifts to the resources and environment of the i386/i486 processor. Throughout the book, real-life program examples are used to illustrate in detail how you can use the enhanced features or functions of the processor. Chapter 1 introduces the i386/i486 architecture and its enhanced features. The discussion includes the operation mode, general registers, segment registers, system registers, and system data structures. Chapter 2 discusses the method that the i386/i486 processor uses to make itself fully compatible with the 8086/88 processor and to define the interrupt vector table address, which is different from the 8086/88 processor.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I Introduction1 The i386/i486 Architecture -- Section II Real-Address Mode -- 2 Programming in Real-Address Mode -- Section III Protected Mode -- 3 Memory Management -- 4 Enter and Leave Protected Mode -- 5 Page Programming -- 6 Control Transfers -- 7 Multitasking -- 8 Debugging -- 9 Input/Output -- 10 Exceptions and Interrupts -- Section IV Virtual-8086 Mode -- 11V86 Mode Programming -- Section V Appendices -- Appendix A Sample i486 Programs -- Appendix B The i386/i486 Instruction Set -- Appendix C Assembler and Linker.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9781489963154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 247 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Social work ; Early childhood education ; Social service.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468471151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Conversions and Equivalents -- II. Water Chemistry -- III. Enrichment Formulations -- IV. Hatchery Systems and Methods -- V. Plumbing and Materials -- VI. Feeds and Nutrition -- VII. Aquaculture Ponds -- VIII. Chemicals and Treatments -- References.
    Abstract: As the aquaculture industry has expanded throughout the world, it has embraced the experiences of many fields of study to meet increasing technological challenges. The complexities of modern hatchery methodology, more intensive growout systems, and the application of diverse biological and physical sciences to aquatic animal husbandry have reached beyona the ability of most aquaculturists to enjoy an in-depth knowledge of all phases of the aquaculture process. More importantly, in order for tne culturist to have at hand the information necessary to make basic decisions, it requires an extensive library of textbooks and scientific literature. The Aquaculture Desk Reference serves as a concise compila­ tion of tables, graphs, conversions, formulas and design specifica­ tions useful to the aquaculture industry. It also provides examples, in a straightforward manner, of how information in tabulature can be used to derive values for specific system design and process strategies. Tables and graphs in this volume also provide back­ ground documentation and authority for further reference. The Aquaculture Desk Reference is a convenient source book that will alleviate the need for an extensive personal library to access basic information useful for practicing aquaculturists. Many thanks to Mrs. Ruth Aldrich for her assistance in the preparation of this book. My family, friends and associates also deserve my special appreciation for their encouragement and sup­ port.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Conversions and EquivalentsII. Water Chemistry -- III. Enrichment Formulations -- IV. Hatchery Systems and Methods -- V. Plumbing and Materials -- VI. Feeds and Nutrition -- VII. Aquaculture Ponds -- VIII. Chemicals and Treatments -- References.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489944375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 163 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Pharmacy ; Sociology.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461528562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 270 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computers.
    Abstract: The present study surveys, catalogs, and theorizes about many of the numerous parallel processors constructed and implemented over the past thirty years. Despite the tremendous diversity, the authors are able to detail similarities regarding control mechanisms, data exchange and synchronization methods, processing elements, interconnection networks, and memory organization. Systems architects will find the work a unique and invaluable aid to clarifying and organizing design choices
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Classification of Parallel Processors -- 2.1. A Brief History of Classification Schemes -- 2.2. The Classification Scheme Used in This Work -- 2.3. A Look at the Classification Characteristics -- 2.4. Information-Gathering Details -- 2.5. An Apology -- 3. Emergent Trends -- 3.1. Applications -- 3.2. Mode of Control -- 3.3. Data Exchange and Synchronization -- 3.4. The Number and Type of PEs -- 3.5. Interconnection Network -- 3.6. Memory Organization -- 3.7. Type of Constructing Institution -- 3.8. Period of Construction -- 3.9. Summary of the Correlations -- 4. Popular Machine Models -- 4.1. Exposing the Complex Patterns -- 4.2. General-Purpose Machines -- 4.3. Model IV - Image (and Signal) Processing SIMD Machines -- 4.4. Model V - Database MIMD Machines, Two Variants -- 4.5. Trends in Commercialization -- 5. The Shape of Things to Come? -- 5.1. Underlying Assumptions -- 5.2. Applications -- 5.3. Control -- 5.4. Data Exchange and Synchronization -- 5.5. Number and Type of PEs -- 5.6. Interconnection Networks -- 5.7. Memory Organization -- 5.8. Sources -- 5.9. Classification of Parallel Computers -- 5.10. Summary -- Appendix: Information about the Systems.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468477672
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Electronics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Thermomechanics for Electronics Packaging -- 2. Thermal Expansivity and Thermal Stress in Multilayered Structures -- 3. Thermal Stresses in Anisotropic Multilayered Structures -- 4. Transient Thermal Stresses in Multilayered Devices -- 5. Temperature Dependence of Thermal Expansion of Materials for Electronics Packages -- 6. Thermal Stress Considerations in Die-Attachment -- 7. Die Stress Measurement Using Piezoresistive Stress Sensors -- 8. Analysis of the Thermal Loading on Electronics Packages by Enhanced Moiré Interferometry -- 9. Correlation of Analytical and Experimental Approaches to Determination of Thermally Induced Printed Wiring Board (PWB) Warpage -- 10. Thermal Stress-Induced Open-Circuit Failure in Microelectronics Thin-Film Metallizations -- 11. Thermal Stress and Stress-Induced Voiding in Passivated Narrow Line Metallizations on Ceramic Substrates -- 12. Predicted Bow of Plastic Packages of Integrated Circuit (IC) Devices -- 13. Thermal and Moisture Stresses in Plastic Packages -- 14. Solutions to Moisture Resistance Degradation During Solder Reflow of Plastic Surface Mount Components -- 15. Thermomechanical Fatigue of 63Sn-37Pb Solder Joints -- 16. A Prediction of the Thermal Fatigue Life of Solder Joints Using Crack Propagation Rate and Equivalent Strain Range -- 17. Microstructural Evaluation of Sn-Pb Solder and Pd-Ag Thick-Film Conductor Metallization Under Thermal Cycling and Aging Conditions -- 18. Solder Joint Reliability of Leadless Chip Carriers -- 19. Solder Creep-Fatigue Interactions with Flexible Leaded Surface Mount Components -- 20. Thermal Stress Issues in Plated-Through-Hole Reliability -- 21. Nonlinear Analysis of a Ceramic Pin Grid Array (PGA) Soldered to an Orthotropic Epoxy Substrate -- 22. Mechanics of Wirebond Interconnects -- 23. Corrosion in Microelectronics Packages -- Author Biographies.
    Abstract: Microelectronics packaging and interconnection have experienced exciting growth stimulated by the recognition that systems, not just silicon, provide the solution to evolving applications. In order to have a high density/ performance/yield/quality/reliability, low cost, and light weight system, a more precise understanding of the system behavior is required. Mechanical and thermal phenomena are among the least understood and most complex of the many phenomena encountered in microelectronics packaging systems and are found on the critical path of neatly every design and process in the electronics industry. The last decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the research and development efforts devoted to determining the mechanical and thermal behaviors of microelectronics packaging. With the advance of very large scale integration technologies, thousands to tens of thousands of devices can be fabricated on a silicon chip. At the same time, demands to further reduce packaging signal delay and increase packaging density between communicat­ ing circuits have led to the use of very high power dissipation single-chip modules and multi-chip modules. The result of these developments has been a rapid growth in module level heat flux within the personal, workstation, midrange, mainframe, and super computers. Thus, thermal (temperature, stress, and strain) management is vital for microelectronics packaging designs and analyses. How to determine the temperature distribution in the elec­ tronics components and systems is outside the scope of this book, which focuses on the determination of stress and strain distributions in the electronics packaging.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Thermomechanics for Electronics Packaging2. Thermal Expansivity and Thermal Stress in Multilayered Structures -- 3. Thermal Stresses in Anisotropic Multilayered Structures -- 4. Transient Thermal Stresses in Multilayered Devices -- 5. Temperature Dependence of Thermal Expansion of Materials for Electronics Packages -- 6. Thermal Stress Considerations in Die-Attachment -- 7. Die Stress Measurement Using Piezoresistive Stress Sensors -- 8. Analysis of the Thermal Loading on Electronics Packages by Enhanced Moiré Interferometry -- 9. Correlation of Analytical and Experimental Approaches to Determination of Thermally Induced Printed Wiring Board (PWB) Warpage -- 10. Thermal Stress-Induced Open-Circuit Failure in Microelectronics Thin-Film Metallizations -- 11. Thermal Stress and Stress-Induced Voiding in Passivated Narrow Line Metallizations on Ceramic Substrates -- 12. Predicted Bow of Plastic Packages of Integrated Circuit (IC) Devices -- 13. Thermal and Moisture Stresses in Plastic Packages -- 14. Solutions to Moisture Resistance Degradation During Solder Reflow of Plastic Surface Mount Components -- 15. Thermomechanical Fatigue of 63Sn-37Pb Solder Joints -- 16. A Prediction of the Thermal Fatigue Life of Solder Joints Using Crack Propagation Rate and Equivalent Strain Range -- 17. Microstructural Evaluation of Sn-Pb Solder and Pd-Ag Thick-Film Conductor Metallization Under Thermal Cycling and Aging Conditions -- 18. Solder Joint Reliability of Leadless Chip Carriers -- 19. Solder Creep-Fatigue Interactions with Flexible Leaded Surface Mount Components -- 20. Thermal Stress Issues in Plated-Through-Hole Reliability -- 21. Nonlinear Analysis of a Ceramic Pin Grid Array (PGA) Soldered to an Orthotropic Epoxy Substrate -- 22. Mechanics of Wirebond Interconnects -- 23. Corrosion in Microelectronics Packages -- Author Biographies.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9781489923080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 304 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Social Psychological Applications to Social Issues 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: To help hone current techniques and develop novel theories, this survey presents both commonly used and nontraditional methodologies-time series designs, structural diary methods, N of 1 analysis, and others-in the application of social psychology to `real-life' settings. Chapters encompass all aspects of the research process, making this a definitive resource for the researcher and the student
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489907097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Crime and Justice
    Series Statement: The Plenum Series in Crime and Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Criminology ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Political science.
    Abstract: This unique study assesses the impact of law reforms on the reporting, processing, and evaluation of rape cases across six urban jurisdictions. The data and its analysis will provide an invaluable source for feminists, legal scholars, social scientists, and all others concerned with the efficacy of rape reform legislation
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  • 45
    Pages: 167 S., Abb., Karten
    Series Statement: Münchener geographische Hefte
    Keywords: Bayern ; Regionalismus ; Allgemeines ; General ; Etudes générales
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München
    Pages: 318 S.
    Keywords: Westfalen ; Sage ; Sammlungen ; Collections ; Les collections
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9781489924506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 298 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This unique work explores and assesses a number of approaches to the archaeological record, particularly the `landscape approach,' in an effort to structure research which will build scientific theory within the context of a processual approach
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  • 48
    ISBN: 3925450335
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 356 S. , Ill.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011 Online-Ressource Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.30303
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch 22
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Die Volkskultur Südosteuropas in der Moderne
    Former Title: Southeast European folk culture in the modern era
    DDC: 709
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1800-1990 ; Folklore - Balkans ; Volkscultuur ; Volkskultur ; Folklore ; Balkan Peninsula ; Balkan Peninsula ; Social conditions ; Südosteuropa ; Balkans - Conditions sociales ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kongress 1990 ; Tutzing ; Konferenzschrift 1990 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kongress 1990 ; Tutzing ; Konferenzschrift 1990 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südosteuropa ; Volkskultur ; Südosteuropa ; Volkskultur ; Geschichte 1800-1990
    Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl , Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.30303
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  • 49
    ISBN: 3925450300
    Language: German
    Pages: 181 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011 Online-Ressource Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.22673
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Studien 49
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Politischer Pluralismus und Verfassungsstaat in Deutschland und Ungarn
    DDC: 342.4302
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Verfassung des deutschen Reiches ; rswk-swf ; Recht ; Legislative bodies ; Germany ; Legislative bodies ; Hungary ; Municipal home rule ; Germany ; Municipal home rule ; Hungary ; Political parties ; Law and legislation ; Germany ; Political parties ; Law and legislation ; Hungary ; Rechtsvergleich ; rswk-swf ; Verfassungsrecht ; rswk-swf ; Verfassungspolitik ; rswk-swf ; Verfassung ; rswk-swf ; Politisches System ; rswk-swf ; Staatsrecht ; rswk-swf ; Pluralismus ; rswk-swf ; Vergleich ; rswk-swf ; Deutschland ; Ungarn ; Deutschland ; rswk-swf ; Ungarn ; rswk-swf ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1990 ; Ungarn ; Verfassungsrecht ; Deutschland ; Ungarn ; Politisches System ; Deutschland ; Ungarn ; Verfassungsrecht ; Deutschland ; Ungarn ; Politisches System ; Deutschland ; Ungarn ; Staatsrecht ; Deutschland ; Rechtsvergleich ; Ungarn ; Verfassungspolitik ; Pluralismus ; Rechtsvergleich ; Verfassungspolitik ; Pluralismus ; Rechtsvergleich ; Ungarn ; Deutschland Verfassung des deutschen Reiches 1849 ; Vergleich ; Verfassung ; Deutschland ; Ungarn
    Note: Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.22673
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  • 50
    Language: German
    Pages: 356 S. , Ill
    Edition: Reproduction. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch 22
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Die Volkskultur Südosteuropas in der Moderne
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1800-1990 ; Volkskultur ; Südosteuropa ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1990 ; Südosteuropa ; Volkskultur ; Südosteuropa ; Volkskultur ; Geschichte 1800-1990
    Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl , Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.30303
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  • 51
    ISBN: 3925450319
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 317 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 2011 Online-Ressource Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.22674
    Series Statement: Südosteuropa-Studien 50
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Von der Ost-West-Konfrontation zur europäischen Friedensordnung
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Außenpolitik ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; World politics -- 1985-1995 ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; rswk-swf ; Politik ; rswk-swf ; Systemtransformation ; rswk-swf ; Reformpolitik ; rswk-swf ; Sicherheitspolitik ; rswk-swf ; Demokratisierung ; rswk-swf ; Ende ; rswk-swf ; Politischer Wandel ; rswk-swf ; Wandel ; rswk-swf ; Auswirkung ; rswk-swf ; Friedenspolitik ; rswk-swf ; Europäische Integration ; rswk-swf ; Europa ; Europe -- Politics and government -- 1989- ; Europe -- Economic conditions -- 1945- ; Europe -- Foreign relations -- 1989- ; Osteuropa ; rswk-swf ; Ostblock ; rswk-swf ; USA ; rswk-swf ; Europa ; rswk-swf ; Südosteuropa ; rswk-swf ; Konferenzschrift 1991 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Osteuropa ; Demokratisierung ; Europa ; Osteuropa ; Demokratisierung ; Europäische Integration ; Osteuropa ; Demokratisierung ; Europa ; Politik ; Osteuropa ; Systemtransformation ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Ostblock ; Wandel ; Auswirkung ; Europa ; Friedenspolitik ; Europa ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Ende
    Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl , Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 92.22674
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489924650
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 329 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Epidemiology ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: This relatively non-technical introduction to demography makes accessible the most current methodologies, discussing both their uses and limitations
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461532705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Concepts in analytical chemistry2 Classical and rapid methods of analysis -- 3 Optical spectrometry: principles and instrumentation -- 4 Atomic absorption spectrometry -- 5 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry -- 6 Arc and spark source optical emission spectrometry -- 7 Ion-selective electrodes -- 8 X-ray fluorescence analysis: principles and practice of wavelength dispersive spectrometry -- 9 Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry -- 10 Electron probe microanalysis -- 11 Other microbeam and surface analysis techniques -- 12 Neutron activation analysis -- 13 Nuclear techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium and their decay products -- 14 Ion exchange preconcentration procedures -- 15 Gold and platinum group element analysis -- 16 Mass spectrometry: principles and instrumentation -- 17 Thermal ionization mass spectrometry -- 18 Gas source mass spectrometry -- 19 Spark source mass spectrometry -- 20 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry -- References.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 244 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Engineering ; Lasers. ; Political science.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9781461533825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 268 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: High Temperature MaterialsThe Frontiers of High Temperature Structural Materials -- Magnetic Properties -- Effect of Long Range Ordering on the Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Some Transition Metal Based Alloys -- Ferromagnetic Behavior pf Pd- and Pt-Based Alloys -- Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics -- Monte Carlo Simulation of Order-Disorder Phenomena in Binary Alloys -- Compatibility of Lattice Stabilities Derived by Thermochemical and First Principles -- Order-Disorder Kinetics Studied by the Path Probability Method -- Electronic Theories -- Modeling of Invar Properties from Electronic Structure Calculations -- Angularly Dependent Many-Body Potentials Within Tight Binding Hückel Theory -- Structure and Thermodynamics of SixGe1-x Alloys from Computational Alchemy -- First Principle Calculation of Phase Diagrams -- On the Causes of Compositional Order in the NiPt Alloys -- Low Dimensional Systems -- Ultrathin Films of Transition Metals and Compounds: Electronic Structure, Growth and Chemical Order -- Alloy Surface Behavior: Experimental Methods and Results -- Structural Phase Transformations in Alloys: An Electron Microscopy Study -- Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interphases -- Spatial Ordering in Bimetallic Nanostructures -- Summary -- Summary Thoughts.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781461535225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Lactic Microflora -- 1 The Lactic Microflora of Fowl -- 2 The Lactic Microflora of Pigs, Mice and Rats -- 3 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rumen -- 4 The Human Gastrointestinal Tract -- 5 The Lactic Microflora of the Oral Cavity -- II: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Health -- 6 Probiotics: A General View -- 7 The Effect of Probiotics on the Gut Micro-ecology of Farm Animals -- 8 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Plant Pathogens -- 9 The Antimicrobial Action of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Natural Food Preservation Systems -- 10 Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Control of Tumours -- 11 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Support of Immunocompromised Hosts -- 12 Fermented Dairy Products and Health -- III: Agriculture and Ecology -- 13 Spoilage in the Sugar Industry -- 14 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Plant Silage -- 15 Storage of Waste Products for Animal Feed -- 16 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Coffee and Cocoa Fermentation -- 17 Sporolactobacilli -- 18 Critical Factors Governing the Competitive Behaviour of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Mixed Cultures.
    Abstract: Historical Background lowe my interest in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to the late Dr Cyril Rainbow, who introduced me to their fascinating world when he offered me a place with him to work for a PhD on the carbohydrate meta­ bolism of some lactic rods isolated from English beer breweries by himself and others, notably Dr Dora Kulka. He was particularly interested in their preference for maltose over glucose as a source of carbohydrate for growth, expressed in most cases as a more rapid growth on the disaccharide, but one isolate would grow only on maltose. Eventually, we showed that maltose was being utilised by 'direct fermen­ tation' as the older texts called it, specifically by the phosphorolysis which had first been demonstrated for maltose by Doudoroff and his associates in their work on maltose metabolism by a strain of Neisseria meningitidis. I began work on food fermentations when I came to Strathclyde University, and I soon found myself involved again with the bacteria which I had not touched since completing my doctoral thesis. In 1973 lG. Carr, C. V. Cutting and G. c. Whiting organised the 4th Long Ashton Symposium Lactic Acid Bacteria in Beverages and Food and from my participation in that excellent conference arose a friendship with Geoff Carr. The growing importance of these bacteria was subsequently confirmed by the holding, a decade later, of the first of the Wageningen Conferences on the LAB.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Lactic Microflora1 The Lactic Microflora of Fowl -- 2 The Lactic Microflora of Pigs, Mice and Rats -- 3 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rumen -- 4 The Human Gastrointestinal Tract -- 5 The Lactic Microflora of the Oral Cavity -- II: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Health -- 6 Probiotics: A General View -- 7 The Effect of Probiotics on the Gut Micro-ecology of Farm Animals -- 8 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Plant Pathogens -- 9 The Antimicrobial Action of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Natural Food Preservation Systems -- 10 Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Control of Tumours -- 11 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Support of Immunocompromised Hosts -- 12 Fermented Dairy Products and Health -- III: Agriculture and Ecology -- 13 Spoilage in the Sugar Industry -- 14 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Plant Silage -- 15 Storage of Waste Products for Animal Feed -- 16 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Coffee and Cocoa Fermentation -- 17 Sporolactobacilli -- 18 Critical Factors Governing the Competitive Behaviour of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Mixed Cultures.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9781489965769
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 279 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education Psychology ; Educational psychology ; Psychology
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 344 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ethics ; Political science.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9781489963857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 291 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Early childhood education
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461533207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 579 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Metabolism of Ethanol2. Acetaldehyde and Acetate -- 3. Alcohol, Hormones, and Metabolism -- 4. Ethanol and Lipid Disorders, Including Fatty Liver, Hyperlipemia, and Atherosclerosis -- 5. Effects of Ethanol on Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism -- 6. Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 7. Alcohol and the Liver -- 8. Alcohol and the Hematologic System -- 9. Immunologic Reactions in Alcoholic Liver Disease -- 10. Alcohol and the Digestive Tract -- 11. Ethanol and the Pancreas -- 12. Cardiovascular Effects of Ethanol -- 13. Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Skeletal Muscle -- 14. The Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment -- 15. Alcohol Abuse: Carcinogenic Effects and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Description, Diagnosis, and Prevention -- 16. Alcohol and the Kidney -- 17. Nutrition: Medical Problems of Alcoholism -- 18. Biological Markers of Alcoholism.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468464412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Early Processes and Theories -- 2 Alchemy -- 3 From Alchemy to Chemistry -- 4 Phlogistic and Pneumatic Chemistry -- 5 Lavoisier and the Birth of Modern Chemistry -- 6 The Chemical Atom -- 7 Electrochemistry and the Dualistic Theory -- 8 The Foundation of Organic Chemistry -- 9 The Karlsruhe Congress and its Aftermath -- 10 Organic Chemistry since 1860 -- 11 Atomic Structure, Radiochemistry and Chemical Bonding -- 12 Inorganic Chemistry -- 13 Physical Chemistry -- 14 Analytical Chemistry -- 15 Chemistry and Society -- Appendix The Nobel Prize in Chemistry -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This book is written as a result of a personal conviction of the value of incorporating historical material into the teaching of chemistry, both at school and undergraduate level. Indeed, it is highly desirable that an undergraduate course in chemistry incorporates a separate module on the history of chemistry. This book is therefore aimed at teachers and students of chemistry, and it will also appeal to practising chemists. While the last 25 years has seen the appearance of a large number of specialist scholarly publications on the history of chemistry, there has been little written in the way of an introductory overview of the subject. This book fills that gap. It incorporates some of the results of recent research, and the text is illustrated throughout. Clearly, a book of this length has to be highly selective in its coverage, but it describes the themes and personalities which in the author's opinion have been of greatest importance in the development of the subject. The famous American historian of science, Henry Guerlac, wrote: 'It is the central business of the historian of science to reconstruct the story of the acquisition of this knowledge and the refinement of its method or methods, and-perhaps above all-to study science as a human activity and learn how it arose, how it developed and expanded, and how it has influenced or been influenced by man's material, intellectual, and even spiritual aspirations' (Guerlac, 1977). This book attempts to describe the development of chemistry in these terms.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Early Processes and Theories2 Alchemy -- 3 From Alchemy to Chemistry -- 4 Phlogistic and Pneumatic Chemistry -- 5 Lavoisier and the Birth of Modern Chemistry -- 6 The Chemical Atom -- 7 Electrochemistry and the Dualistic Theory -- 8 The Foundation of Organic Chemistry -- 9 The Karlsruhe Congress and its Aftermath -- 10 Organic Chemistry since 1860 -- 11 Atomic Structure, Radiochemistry and Chemical Bonding -- 12 Inorganic Chemistry -- 13 Physical Chemistry -- 14 Analytical Chemistry -- 15 Chemistry and Society -- Appendix The Nobel Prize in Chemistry -- Name Index.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468465211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (640p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Signal processing.
    Abstract: This is a major reference work about the overlapping fields of television, cable and video. With both technical and popular appeal, this book covers the following areas: advertising, agencies, associations, companies, unions, broadcasting, cable-casting, engineering, events, general production and programming
    Description / Table of Contents: Terms, A to ZAppendices: -- Initials and Acronyms Index -- About the Authors.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9781489945297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 226 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468485479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Mechanisms of Hot Carrier Degradation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Injection of Channel Hot Carriers in MOSFETs -- 1.3 Characterization Techniques -- 1.4 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Uniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.5 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Nonuniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 1.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Hot-Carrier Degradation Effects for DRAM Circuits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hot-Carrier Degradation in MOSFETs -- 2.3 Hot Carrier Impact on Circuit Operation -- 2.4 Circuit Hot-Electron Effect Simulation -- 2.5 ESD Latent Damage and Hot-Electron Reliability -- 2.6 Future Issues -- 2.7 Conclusions -- 2.8 Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Hot Carrier Design Considerations in MOS Nonvolatile Memories -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hot Carriers and EPROM -- 3.3 Hot Carriers and Flash Memory -- 3.4 Hot Carriers and Floating-Gate-Type EEPROMs -- 3.5 Hot Carriers and MNOS-Type EEPROMs -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Hot-Carrier Degradation During Dynamic Stress -- 4.1 The Problem of AC Hot-Carrier Degradation -- 4.2 Discussion of Transient Effects -- 4.3 Dynamic Degradation in Circuits -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix I On the Mathematical Formalism of the Hot-Carrier Currents in Semiconductor DevicesCheng T. Wang -- A1.1 Introduction -- A1.2 Mathematical Formalism -- A1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix II Non-Local Field Effects on Carrier Transport in Ultra-Small-Size Devices Cheng T. Wang -- A2.1 Introduction -- A2.3 Drift Velocity as a Function of Distance -- A2.4 A Comparative Study of Field Effect on Drift Velocity -- A2.5 Conclusion -- A2.6 Acknowledgments -- References.
    Abstract: As device dimensions decrease, hot-carrier effects, which are due mainly to the presence of a high electric field inside the device, are becoming a major design concern. On the one hand, the detrimental effects-such as transconductance degradation and threshold shift-need to be minimized or, if possible, avoided altogether. On the other hand, performance­ such as the programming efficiency of nonvolatile memories or the carrier velocity inside the devices-need to be maintained or improved through the use of submicron technologies, even in the presence of a reduced power supply. As a result, one of the major challenges facing MOS design engineers today is to harness the hot-carrier effects so that, without sacrificing product performance, degradation can be kept to a minimum and a reli­ able design obtained. To accomplish this, the physical mechanisms re­ sponsible for the degradations should first be experimentally identified and characterized. With adequate models thus obtained, steps can be taken to optimize the design, so that an adequate level of quality assur­ ance in device or circuit performance can be achieved. This book ad­ dresses these hot-carrier design issues for MOS devices and circuits, and is used primarily as a professional guide for process development engi­ neers, device engineers, and circuit designers who are interested in the latest developments in hot-carrier degradation modeling and hot-carrier reliability design techniques. It may also be considered as a reference book for graduate students who have some research interests in this excit­ ing, yet sometime controversial, field.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Mechanisms of Hot Carrier Degradation1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Injection of Channel Hot Carriers in MOSFETs -- 1.3 Characterization Techniques -- 1.4 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Uniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.5 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Nonuniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 1.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Hot-Carrier Degradation Effects for DRAM Circuits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hot-Carrier Degradation in MOSFETs -- 2.3 Hot Carrier Impact on Circuit Operation -- 2.4 Circuit Hot-Electron Effect Simulation -- 2.5 ESD Latent Damage and Hot-Electron Reliability -- 2.6 Future Issues -- 2.7 Conclusions -- 2.8 Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Hot Carrier Design Considerations in MOS Nonvolatile Memories -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hot Carriers and EPROM -- 3.3 Hot Carriers and Flash Memory -- 3.4 Hot Carriers and Floating-Gate-Type EEPROMs -- 3.5 Hot Carriers and MNOS-Type EEPROMs -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Hot-Carrier Degradation During Dynamic Stress -- 4.1 The Problem of AC Hot-Carrier Degradation -- 4.2 Discussion of Transient Effects -- 4.3 Dynamic Degradation in Circuits -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix I On the Mathematical Formalism of the Hot-Carrier Currents in Semiconductor DevicesCheng T. Wang -- A1.1 Introduction -- A1.2 Mathematical Formalism -- A1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix II Non-Local Field Effects on Carrier Transport in Ultra-Small-Size Devices Cheng T. Wang -- A2.1 Introduction -- A2.3 Drift Velocity as a Function of Distance -- A2.4 A Comparative Study of Field Effect on Drift Velocity -- A2.5 Conclusion -- A2.6 Acknowledgments -- References.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9781468414318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Marketing. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Design-Build Concept -- 2 The Art of Selling to the Construction Prospect -- 3 New Business Attitudes -- 4 Finding the Prospective Customer -- 5 Qualifying the Lead -- 6 Selling the Prospect -- 7 Design-Build Capability -- 8 Signing Up the Prospect -- 9 Working with the Owner During Construction -- 10 The Construction Sales Department.
    Abstract: With a jolt you pull your car to the side of the road, and read the job sign that can't be over one day old: New Home of ABC Inc.; General Contractor, XYZ Construction Co. You think out loud, "I knew the property had been sold," and your eyes roam over the real estate sign with the angled "sold" sticker pro­ claiming to all that the agent has been successful. "Thought the job would have come out on the bid list by now," you mutter as you move back onto the road and head for your office. Later in the day you get the agent on the phone: "Jim, how did XYZ get the ABC job? I saw nothing on the builders' exchange about it." "John, XYZ has been negotiating with ABC for the past six weeks. They did one fine job of selling on old McDuff. Understand they just called on him out of the blue asking for a chance. They put the whole package together, plans and all." "Didn't that tightwad McDuff get another price, Jim?" "Sure did; two, as a matter of fact. He asked me to get two other contractors capable of doing design-build projects. He liked XYZ better. I don't know the prices, but I really feel those boys impressed McDuff by going to him. Were you planning to bid the job?" "Thinking about it," you answer, trying to sound very casual.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Design-Build Concept2 The Art of Selling to the Construction Prospect -- 3 New Business Attitudes -- 4 Finding the Prospective Customer -- 5 Qualifying the Lead -- 6 Selling the Prospect -- 7 Design-Build Capability -- 8 Signing Up the Prospect -- 9 Working with the Owner During Construction -- 10 The Construction Sales Department.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461534549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A Partnership (Program Status) -- SSC Education Initiatives -- Superconductors I -- Environment, Safety, and Health -- Magnets I -- Detectors I -- Cryogenics I -- Technical Poster Session I -- Quality Assurance I -- Magnets II SSC Dipoles -- Detectors II -- Cryogenics II -- Technology Transfer -- Superconductors II -- Quality Assurance II -- Magnets III Superconducting Magnet Technology -- Detectors III -- Accelerators -- Technical Poster Session II -- Parallel Technical Sessions IV -- Systems Engineering -- Magnets IV Magnet Fabrication and R&D Facilities, Tooling, and Component Analysis -- Detectors IV -- Attendees -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The fourth annual International Industrial Symposium on the Super Collider, rrssc held March 4-6, 1992, in New Orleans was a great success. Present at this year's conference were 839 attendees representing 24 universities and colleges, 34 states, 13 countries, 17 national laboratories, 11 research centers, many government entities at the local, state and federal levels, and 235 businesses and companies. This year's symposium also included 101 exhibits by 78 organizations. In all categories, this year's participation exceeded the totals of previous years and is an example of the growing support for the Superconducting Super Collider Program. This year's program had many highlights. One of the best was a message from President George Bush, read by Linda Stuntz, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Energy. President Bush said that each of us "can be proud of the role that you are playing in building the Collider and in setting the stage for a new era of research and discovery in high energy physics. " The 1992 IISSC's theme was "SSC-Discovering the Future. " This theme was chosen in commemoration of the SOOth anniversary of Columbus's voyage of discovery and the relationship of the SSC with discovery. This theme was articulated by all the speakers in the opening plenary session. Progress on the program was also very evident at this year's symposium. In the pictorial session, 66 photographs from all over the world were displayed to highlight progress in making the SSC a reality.
    Description / Table of Contents: A Partnership (Program Status)SSC Education Initiatives -- Superconductors I -- Environment, Safety, and Health -- Magnets I -- Detectors I -- Cryogenics I -- Technical Poster Session I -- Quality Assurance I -- Magnets II SSC Dipoles -- Detectors II -- Cryogenics II -- Technology Transfer -- Superconductors II -- Quality Assurance II -- Magnets III Superconducting Magnet Technology -- Detectors III -- Accelerators -- Technical Poster Session II -- Parallel Technical Sessions IV -- Systems Engineering -- Magnets IV Magnet Fabrication and R&D Facilities, Tooling, and Component Analysis -- Detectors IV -- Attendees -- Author Index.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489912312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 757 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Plenum Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The population of modern China
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bevölkerung ; China ; Social sciences ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects. ; Sociology. ; Bevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Internationale Migration ; Sterblichkeit ; Fertilität ; Bevölkerungspolitik ; Bevölkerungsverteilung ; Ehe ; Minderheit ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Binnenwanderung ; Verstädterung ; Landflucht ; Volksrepublik China Bevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Internationale Migration ; Sterblichkeit ; Fertilität ; Bevölkerungspolitik ; Bevölkerungsverteilung ; Ehe/Heirat ; Minderheit ; Ethnische Bevölkerungsgruppe/Volksgruppe ; Binnenwanderung ; Urbanisierung ; Land-Stadt-Wanderung ; China ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Geschichte 1949-1990 ; China ; Sozialstruktur ; China ; Bevölkerung ; China ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; China ; Demographie ; China ; Bevölkerungspolitik ; China ; Bevölkerungsgeografie
    Abstract: This work brings together some of the most important recent English-language articles dealing with virtually all aspects of the population of mainland China. This timely resource will be a valuable tool for the Western demographer to reconstruct in detail what has happened to China's population since 1949
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461534846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 171 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction to Total Quality Management (TQM) -- 1 — Total Quality Management — worldwide effect -- 2 — The management methodology -- 3 — TQM principles -- Two Implementation of TQM -- 4 — The executive/management role -- 5 — TQM structure and top-down requirements -- 6 — Quality policy -- 7 — Measurement -- 8 — Quality improvement teams -- 9 — Education and training -- 10 — Involvement and commitment -- 11 — Supplier strategy -- 12 — Time to market -- 13 — Organizational design -- 14 — Summary -- Three Tools and Techniques for TQM.
    Abstract: TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) - A COMPETITIVE EDGE In the context of the European and Western manufacturing challenge being set by the 'Far Eastern Machine', it is of critical importance that manufacturing competitiveness is improved in Western companies. The ability to export successfully is becoming even more critical to the economic well-being of developed countries worldwide. The Japanese domination of the motor cycle and domestic consumer markets has had a significant impact on the balance of payments in Western Europe and the USA. All the signs are that Japanese companies are ready and able to enter other markets aggressively, through takeovers, acquisitions and off-shore manufacturing facilities. In Western Europe, the creation of the 'Single Market' in 1992 has provided major opportunities for companies to increase their market share. Unfortunately, many companies in the West have shown an inability to succeed even in their market when faced with tough, well-organized opposition, such as that from the Far East. There is very little time left for Western companies to catch up - the challenge is becoming more fiercely competitive daily. The time to improve competitive edge may be too late for many companies, as the European frontiers are dismantled and the Japanese companies continue to build off-shore plants in Europe. For example, it is a fact that companies are increasingly x PREFACE being forced to achieve world class manufacturing capability in order to compete and, in many cases, survive.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction to Total Quality Management (TQM)1 - Total Quality Management - worldwide effect -- 2 - The management methodology -- 3 - TQM principles -- Two Implementation of TQM -- 4 - The executive/management role -- 5 - TQM structure and top-down requirements -- 6 - Quality policy -- 7 - Measurement -- 8 - Quality improvement teams -- 9 - Education and training -- 10 - Involvement and commitment -- 11 - Supplier strategy -- 12 - Time to market -- 13 - Organizational design -- 14 - Summary -- Three Tools and Techniques for TQM.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US | New York, NY : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585275703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 333 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Population ; Archaeology ; Archaeology. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: distinctions in abundance between what is known, remains speculative, or may well be inherently unknowable.' From the Foreword by George Stolnitz
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461532729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 302 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Base oils from petroleum -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types of lubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition of lubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation—the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
    Abstract: The use oflubricants began in ancient times and has developed into a major international business through the need to lubricate machines of increasing complexity. The impetus for lubricant development has arisen from need, so lubricatingpractice has preceded an understanding ofthe scientific principles. This is not surprising as the scientific basis of the technology is, by nature, highly complex and interdisciplinary. However, we believe that the under­ standing of lubricant phenomena will continue to be developed at a mol­ ecular level to meet future challenges. These challenges will include the control of emissions from internal combustion engines, the reduction of friction and wear in machinery, and continuing improvements to lubricant performanceand life-time. More recently, there has been an increased understanding of the chemical aspects of lubrication, which has complemented the knowledge and under­ standing gained through studies dealing with physics and engineering. This book aims to bring together this chemical information and present it in a practical way. It is written by chemists who are authorities in the various specialisations within the lubricating industry, and is intended to be of interest to chemists who may already be working in the lubricating industry or in academia, and who are seeking a chemist's view of lubrication. It will also be of benefit to engineers and technologists familiar with the industry who require a more fundamental understanding oflubricants.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Base oils from petroleum1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types of lubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition of lubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation-the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461596929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 303 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction to the microscopic study of minerals1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The transmitted-light microscope -- 1.3 The appearance of thin sections using transmitted-light microscopy -- 1.4 Systematic description of minerals in thin section using transmitted light -- 1.4.1 Properties in plane polarized light -- 1.4.2 Properties under crossed polars -- 1.5 The reflected-light microscope -- 1.6 The appearance of polished sections under the reflected-light microscope -- 1.7 Systematic description of minerals in polished section using reflected light -- 1.8 Observations using oil immersion in reflected-light studies -- 1.9 Polishing hardness -- 1.10 Microhardness (VHN) -- 1.11 Practical points on the use of the microscope (transmitted and reflected light) -- 1.12 Preparation of thin and polished sections -- 2 Silicate minerals -- 2.1 Crystal chemistry of silicate minerals -- 2.2 Mineral descriptions -- 3 The non-silicates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Arsenides -- 3.3 Carbonates -- 3.4 Halides -- 3.5 Hydroxides -- 3.6 Native elements -- 3.7 Oxides -- 3.8 Phosphates -- 3.9 Sulphates -- 3.10 Sulphides -- 3.11 Tungstates -- 4 Transmitted-light crystallography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Refraction -- 4.3 The refractive index -- 4.4 The Becke effect and the Becke line -- 4.5 Birefringence and Newton’s Scale of Interference Colours -- 4.5.1 Anomalous interference colours -- 4.6 Isotropic and anisotropic minerals -- 4.7 The isotropic indicatrix -- 4.8 The uniaxial indicatrix -- 4.9 The biaxial indicatrix -- 4.10 Pleochroism -- 5 Reflected-light theory -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Colour of minerals in PPL -- 5.3 Isotropic and anisotropic sections -- Appendix A Refractive indices -- Appendix B 2V size and sign of biaxial minerals -- Appendix C Properties of ore minerals -- Appendix D Mineral identification chart -- Appendix E Gangue minerals.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489944436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 251 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Psychology and Health Series 7
    DDC: 618.97
    Keywords: Medicine ; Geriatrics
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461535300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 345 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 About Physical Optics -- 1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- 1.3 Overview of the Following Chapters -- References -- Problems -- 2 Maxwell’s Equations and Plane Wave Propagation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Some Preliminaries -- 2.3 Monochromatic Plane Waves -- 2.4 Polychromatic Plane Waves -- 2.5 Propagation in Polarizing Optical Systems -- 2.6 Striated Media -- References -- Problems -- 3 Material Polarization and Dispersion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Complexity in the Microscopic World -- 3.3 A Derivation of the Lorentz-Lorenz Relation -- 3.4 The Spring Model of Matter -- 3.5 Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media -- 3.6 Macroscopic Models of More Exotic Effects -- References -- Problems -- 4 Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microscopic Basis for the Existence of an Index Tensor -- 4.3 Fresnel’s and the Index Ellipsoids -- 4.4 The Normal Surface and the Ray Surface -- 4.5 Some Propagation Effects in Crystals -- 4.6 Some Polarization Devices -- References -- Problems -- 5 Geometrical Optics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The WKB Approximation as it Relates to Geometrical Optics -- 5.3 The Eikonal Equation -- 5.4 Energy Flow and Radiometry -- 5.5 Paraxial Ray Optics -- 5.6 About Optical Instruments -- 5.7 Phase Space and Liouville’s Theorem -- References -- Problems -- 6 Interferenee -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Michelson Interferometer -- 6.3 Other Interferometers -- 6.4 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer -- 6.5 Young’s Interferometer and Spatial Coherence -- 6.6 Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Interferometer -- References -- Problems -- 7 Diffraetion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Green’s Theorem and Scalar Diffraction -- 7.3 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Theory -- 7.4 Van Cittert-Zemicke Theorem -- 7.5 Diffraction Gratings and Spectrometers -- References -- Problems.
    Abstract: This present text has emerged from the lecture notes for a one semester, first year, graduate level course which has been offered yearly since fall 1985 here in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Enrollment in the course, however, has not been limited to first year graduate electrical engineering students, but has included seniors, as well as more advanced students, from a variety of disciplines including other areas of engineering and physics. Although other Physical Optics texts exist, the most up-to-date ones are written primarily for undergraduate courses. As is discussed in slightly more depth in the introduction in the beginning of Chap­ ter 1, up-to-dateness is important in a Physical Optics text, as even classical optics has been greatly rejuvenated by the events of the last 30 years, since the demonstration of the laser. The perception of this author is that the needs of a graduate level text are quite different from that of an undergraduate text. At the undergraduate level, one is generally pleased if the student can qualitatively grasp a portion of the concepts presented and have some recollection of where to look them up if need be later in his/her career. A deeper insight is necessary at the graduate level and is generally developed through qualitative analysis of the problems within the subject area.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 About Physical Optics -- 1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- 1.3 Overview of the Following Chapters -- References -- Problems -- 2 Maxwell’s Equations and Plane Wave Propagation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Some Preliminaries -- 2.3 Monochromatic Plane Waves -- 2.4 Polychromatic Plane Waves -- 2.5 Propagation in Polarizing Optical Systems -- 2.6 Striated Media -- References -- Problems -- 3 Material Polarization and Dispersion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Complexity in the Microscopic World -- 3.3 A Derivation of the Lorentz-Lorenz Relation -- 3.4 The Spring Model of Matter -- 3.5 Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media -- 3.6 Macroscopic Models of More Exotic Effects -- References -- Problems -- 4 Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microscopic Basis for the Existence of an Index Tensor -- 4.3 Fresnel’s and the Index Ellipsoids -- 4.4 The Normal Surface and the Ray Surface -- 4.5 Some Propagation Effects in Crystals -- 4.6 Some Polarization Devices -- References -- Problems -- 5 Geometrical Optics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The WKB Approximation as it Relates to Geometrical Optics -- 5.3 The Eikonal Equation -- 5.4 Energy Flow and Radiometry -- 5.5 Paraxial Ray Optics -- 5.6 About Optical Instruments -- 5.7 Phase Space and Liouville’s Theorem -- References -- Problems -- 6 Interferenee -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Michelson Interferometer -- 6.3 Other Interferometers -- 6.4 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer -- 6.5 Young’s Interferometer and Spatial Coherence -- 6.6 Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Interferometer -- References -- Problems -- 7 Diffraetion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Green’s Theorem and Scalar Diffraction -- 7.3 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Theory -- 7.4 Van Cittert-Zemicke Theorem -- 7.5 Diffraction Gratings and Spectrometers -- References -- Problems.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9781489959768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 271 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social structure. ; Equality.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489965820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 353 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Applied psychology ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Counseling.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9781489961242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 279 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461572961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Engineering geology. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction and Overview -- 1.1 Need for Trenchless Technology -- 1.2 Horizontal Boring Techniques -- 1.3 General Procedures -- 1.4 Selection of Method -- 1.5 Limitations -- 1.6 Future Outlook -- 1.7 Looking Ahead -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Early Underground Work -- 2.2 The Stimulus of the Industrial Revolution -- 2.3 Early Trenchless Methods—1890–1960 -- 2.4 Trenchless Methods—1960–1985 -- 3 Creating the Hole -- 3.1 Thrust Boring -- 3.2 Impact Moling -- 3.3 Impact Ramming -- 3.4 Rock Hammer -- 3.5 Auger Boring -- 3.6 Wet/Slurry Boring -- 3.7 Fluid Jet Cutting -- 3.8 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 3.9 Rotary/Directional Drilling -- 4 Steerable Horizontal Boring -- 4.1 Methods of Steering the Bit -- 4.2 Available Systems -- 4.3 Planning the Job -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.5 Preventing and Controlling Problems -- 5 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 5.1 Pipe Jacking -- 5.2 Microtunnelling -- 6 On-Line Replacement and Structural Renovation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Options -- 6.3 On-Line Replacement -- 6.4 Renovation -- 7 Instrumentation Systems for Guided Boring -- 7.1 Unguided Systems -- 7.2 Guided Boring -- 7.3 Guidance Instrumentation Systems -- 7.4 Equipment Selection -- 7.5 Needs and Future Trends -- 8 Economics of Trenchless Technology -- 8.1 Economic Costs -- 8.2 Open-Cut Method -- 8.3 Economic Studies and Models -- 8.4 Effect of Drilling Rate -- 8.5 System Utilization -- 9 Investigation, Routing, and Location -- 9.1 Selection of Trenchless Equipment -- 9.2 Planning and Design of Project -- 9.3 Job Implementation and Precautions -- 10 Case Histories -- 10.1 Case History 1: Horizontal Drilling -- 10.2 Case History 2: Guided Piercing Tool -- 10.3 Case History 3: Microtunnelling -- 10.4 Case History 4: Pipeline Insertion Machine -- 10.5 Case History 5: UTILX Guidedril Tunnelling Machine -- 10.6 Case History 6: Microtunnelling -- 10.7 Case History 7: Renovation -- 11 Future Needs -- 11.1 The Future in Perspective -- 11.2 Attitudes and Awareness -- 11.3 Technical Needs.
    Abstract: In the past decade, the field of trenchless technology has expanded rapidly in products, equipment, and utilization. This expansion would not have occurred without a strong increase in economic incentives to the user. Because the operating environment has changed, trenchless technology is often the preferred alternative to traditional methods of digging holes and installing conduits. The infrastructure in which we live has become more congested and has to be shared by several users. In addition, the cost of restoring a road or landscaped area after construction may be higher than the cost of installing the conduit. These factors add to the need for trenchless technology-the ability to dig holes without disturbing the surface. In some ways, trenchless technology is a futuristic concept. Ruth Krauss in a children's book of definitions wrote, "A Hole .. .Is to Dig." But this statement is not necessarily true. Today, a hole could be to bore.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction and Overview1.1 Need for Trenchless Technology -- 1.2 Horizontal Boring Techniques -- 1.3 General Procedures -- 1.4 Selection of Method -- 1.5 Limitations -- 1.6 Future Outlook -- 1.7 Looking Ahead -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Early Underground Work -- 2.2 The Stimulus of the Industrial Revolution -- 2.3 Early Trenchless Methods-1890-1960 -- 2.4 Trenchless Methods-1960-1985 -- 3 Creating the Hole -- 3.1 Thrust Boring -- 3.2 Impact Moling -- 3.3 Impact Ramming -- 3.4 Rock Hammer -- 3.5 Auger Boring -- 3.6 Wet/Slurry Boring -- 3.7 Fluid Jet Cutting -- 3.8 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 3.9 Rotary/Directional Drilling -- 4 Steerable Horizontal Boring -- 4.1 Methods of Steering the Bit -- 4.2 Available Systems -- 4.3 Planning the Job -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.5 Preventing and Controlling Problems -- 5 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 5.1 Pipe Jacking -- 5.2 Microtunnelling -- 6 On-Line Replacement and Structural Renovation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Options -- 6.3 On-Line Replacement -- 6.4 Renovation -- 7 Instrumentation Systems for Guided Boring -- 7.1 Unguided Systems -- 7.2 Guided Boring -- 7.3 Guidance Instrumentation Systems -- 7.4 Equipment Selection -- 7.5 Needs and Future Trends -- 8 Economics of Trenchless Technology -- 8.1 Economic Costs -- 8.2 Open-Cut Method -- 8.3 Economic Studies and Models -- 8.4 Effect of Drilling Rate -- 8.5 System Utilization -- 9 Investigation, Routing, and Location -- 9.1 Selection of Trenchless Equipment -- 9.2 Planning and Design of Project -- 9.3 Job Implementation and Precautions -- 10 Case Histories -- 10.1 Case History 1: Horizontal Drilling -- 10.2 Case History 2: Guided Piercing Tool -- 10.3 Case History 3: Microtunnelling -- 10.4 Case History 4: Pipeline Insertion Machine -- 10.5 Case History 5: UTILX Guidedril Tunnelling Machine -- 10.6 Case History 6: Microtunnelling -- 10.7 Case History 7: Renovation -- 11 Future Needs -- 11.1 The Future in Perspective -- 11.2 Attitudes and Awareness -- 11.3 Technical Needs.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489926531
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Security systems. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Program Design and Initiation -- 3 Comprehensive Descriptive Method -- 4 Quality Ratings Method -- 5 “In/Out” Method -- 6 Difference-from-Control Method (Degree of Difference) -- Appendix 1 Basic Data Analysis Methods -- Graphical Summaries -- Summary Statistics -- Confidence Intervals -- Appendix 2 Statistical Hypothesis Testing -- Type I and Type II Errors -- Example of a Statistical Hypothesis Test -- Appendix 3 The Statistical Design of Sensory Panels -- Randomized (Complete) Block Designs -- Balanced Incomplete Block Designs -- Appendix 4 Multivariate Methods -- Multivariate Summary Statistics -- Principal Components/Factor Analysis -- Cluster Analysis -- Appendix 5 Statistical Quality Control -- Control Charts -- R-Charts -- I-Charts -- Statistical Control Versus Specifications -- Panel Maintenance -- References.
    Abstract: This book addresses an important, but so far neglected, topic: the application of sensory evaluation to quality control. Although several articles have been pub­ lished that have discussed concepts of quality control/sensory evaluation (QC/sen­ sory) programs, Sensory Evaluation in Quality Control is the first publication that addresses this topic in a comprehensive and practical way. This book is com­ prehensive, in that it presents the sensory and statistical information that is needed to design and implement several types of QCfsensory programs at the plant level. The book is practical, in that it provides a step-by-step description of the complete process to implement such programs, and it illustrates this process through real examples encountered by various consumer products companies (e. g. , foods, personal care products, paper products). With this practical information, sensory and quality professionals can design and implement sound QC/sensory programs at the plant level. This book was developed to provide the sensory and quality professional with an overview and guide to apply, in a production facility, the unique techniques that are used to measure sensory responses. Therefore, the book is intended for QC and/or R&D personnel (e. g. , sensory managers and analysts, and quality profes­ sionals) in charge of implementing an in-plant program, as well as for the plant management and plant technical personnel (sensory coordinator and quality pro­ fessionals) who are ultimately responsible for the routine operation of the estab­ lished program.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461534501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 274 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer networks . ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Local ATM -- Architecture of Local and Metropolitan ATM Networks: New Trends -- Supercomputer Communications as an Application for ATM Local Area Networks -- Gigabit Local Area Networks -- Congestion Control I -- An Overview of Bandwidth Management Procedures in High-Speed Networks -- Performance of the Buffered Leaky Bucket Policing Mechanism -- Congestion Control II -- Explicit Foward Congestion Notification in ATM Networks -- A Novel Architecture and Flow Control Scheme for Private ATM Networks -- Gateway Congestion Controls in High-Speed Backbone Networks -- Standards -- What’s New in B-ISDN Standards? -- Routing -- Routing in ATM Networks -- A Queueing-Network Model for Half-Duplex Routing in Data Communication Networks -- Transport Protocols -- The Xpress Transfer Protocol -- Radiology Communications for Imaging Systems -- High-Speed Transport Protocol Evaluation in the VISTAnet Project -- Traffic Measurements -- Traffic Models for ISDN and B-ISDN Users -- Traffic Characterization in a Wide Area Network -- Telecommunications Software Engineering -- Engineering of Telecommunications Software -- Reliability of Telecommunications Software: Assessing Sensitivity of Least Squares Reliability Estimates -- Software Metrics and the Quality of Telecommunication Software.
    Abstract: TriComm '92 was the fifth in the series of Research Triangle conferences on Computer Communications. This series emerged from a need to provide a forum for the people who are actively involved in Research and Development in the Research Triangle area in which they could present and discuss new ideas in Computer Communications. TriComm '92 was dedicated to High Speed networks. In particular, the program was developed around the following themes: local ATM, preventive and reactive congestion control. routing. transport protocols. traffic measurements, software engineering for telecommunication systems. and standards. I would like to thank all the speakers who agreed to present a paper. and the members of the program committee who patiently refereed the papers despite their busy schedules. I would also like to thank Mr. Ed Bowen, IBM, Research Triangle Park, for covering the expenses for the preparation of the pre-conference proceedings. and Dr. Raif Onvural. IBM, Research Triangle Park, for overseeing the photocopying of the proceedings. I would also like to thank my "Guardian Angel" Ms. Margaret Hudacko. Center for Communications and Signal Processing. State University, who made all the local arrangements. North Carolina Without her help, this conference would have been a complete disaster. Many thanks also go to Norene Miller. Center for Communications and Signal Processing. North Carolina State University. Finally. I would like to thank Mr. Charles Lord, Eastern NC Chapter of the IEEE Communications SOCiety. for providing us with mailing lists.
    Description / Table of Contents: Local ATMArchitecture of Local and Metropolitan ATM Networks: New Trends -- Supercomputer Communications as an Application for ATM Local Area Networks -- Gigabit Local Area Networks -- Congestion Control I -- An Overview of Bandwidth Management Procedures in High-Speed Networks -- Performance of the Buffered Leaky Bucket Policing Mechanism -- Congestion Control II -- Explicit Foward Congestion Notification in ATM Networks -- A Novel Architecture and Flow Control Scheme for Private ATM Networks -- Gateway Congestion Controls in High-Speed Backbone Networks -- Standards -- What’s New in B-ISDN Standards? -- Routing -- Routing in ATM Networks -- A Queueing-Network Model for Half-Duplex Routing in Data Communication Networks -- Transport Protocols -- The Xpress Transfer Protocol -- Radiology Communications for Imaging Systems -- High-Speed Transport Protocol Evaluation in the VISTAnet Project -- Traffic Measurements -- Traffic Models for ISDN and B-ISDN Users -- Traffic Characterization in a Wide Area Network -- Telecommunications Software Engineering -- Engineering of Telecommunications Software -- Reliability of Telecommunications Software: Assessing Sensitivity of Least Squares Reliability Estimates -- Software Metrics and the Quality of Telecommunication Software.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9781468459197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I. Political Leadership: Myth and Reality -- 1. Shifting Images in Politics -- 2. Some Reflections on Political Choice in America: Symbol and Substance -- 3. National Group Governance in Presidential Elections: Fact and Fantasy -- 4. Collective Suicide at Jonestown: An Ethnopsychoanalytic Study of Leadership and Group Dynamics -- II. Presidential Profiles: Psychic Vulnerabilities and Political Repercussions (Both Catastrophic and Otherwise) -- 5. The Spelling and Seduction of Michael Dukakis -- 6. The Public Presidency: A Psychological Inquiry into John F. Kennedy -- 7. George Bush: From Wimp to President -- 8. Jimmy Carter and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: A Psychological Perspective -- 9. Presidents Carter and Sadat: The Repudiation of the Peacemakers -- III. A Global Village? Childhood Roots, Reflections, and Hopes -- 10. The Gentle Revolution: The Childhood Origins of Soviet and East European Democratic Movements -- 11. Growing Up in Nazi Germany: Lessons to Be Learned -- 12. Bridging East and West: Splitting and Integration -- IV. Making War, Making Peace -- 13. Common Security: The Only Way -- 14. Growing Up in a Nuclear Age: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow -- 15. The Relevance of the Death Drive to the Nuclear Age -- 16. Further Clinical Considerations of the Psychological Fallout of the Nuclear Threat -- 17. Altruism: Antidote to War and Human Antagonism -- Overview.
    Abstract: The world is a different place today.* Much of this has to do with the increasing volume and clarity of the people's collective voice. The power and pressing desire in man for autonomy, self-determination, and change are emerging as a demand. As a consequence, Communist governments are giving way to democratic re­ structuring, Europe is being recrafted, and the Cold War is slowly thawing. Simultaneously, back home, our government is becoming increasingly bogged down by media-created political images and psychodramas lacking in substance and value-the degree of exposure somehow determined more by commercial appeal (inherent sensationalism) than merit. The newborn child (Le., the budding democracies) is looking eagerly to Uncle Sam as a role model: throughout the world, people are quoting our political scriptures, our proclamations, our Bill of Rights, and yet as models we seem sorely lacking. Given this climate, this book intends to address a number of contemporary themes: the role of the media-symbolization, idealization, and projection---on political choice; the roles of group fantasy; and the more rational force of II group governance" on political elections; the personalities of our presidents and leaders, their psychic vulnerabilities, their public versus private personas and how this division interacts with the complex unraveling of historical events (for example, Jimmy Carter's response to crises in Afghanistan and Iran, Michael Dukakis and the 1988 campaign, George Bush's emergence as president, John F. Kennedy and his private versus public personas, Anwar Sadat as myth and symbol).
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Political Leadership: Myth and Reality1. Shifting Images in Politics -- 2. Some Reflections on Political Choice in America: Symbol and Substance -- 3. National Group Governance in Presidential Elections: Fact and Fantasy -- 4. Collective Suicide at Jonestown: An Ethnopsychoanalytic Study of Leadership and Group Dynamics -- II. Presidential Profiles: Psychic Vulnerabilities and Political Repercussions (Both Catastrophic and Otherwise) -- 5. The Spelling and Seduction of Michael Dukakis -- 6. The Public Presidency: A Psychological Inquiry into John F. Kennedy -- 7. George Bush: From Wimp to President -- 8. Jimmy Carter and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: A Psychological Perspective -- 9. Presidents Carter and Sadat: The Repudiation of the Peacemakers -- III. A Global Village? Childhood Roots, Reflections, and Hopes -- 10. The Gentle Revolution: The Childhood Origins of Soviet and East European Democratic Movements -- 11. Growing Up in Nazi Germany: Lessons to Be Learned -- 12. Bridging East and West: Splitting and Integration -- IV. Making War, Making Peace -- 13. Common Security: The Only Way -- 14. Growing Up in a Nuclear Age: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow -- 15. The Relevance of the Death Drive to the Nuclear Age -- 16. Further Clinical Considerations of the Psychological Fallout of the Nuclear Threat -- 17. Altruism: Antidote to War and Human Antagonism -- Overview.
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  • 81
    Pages: 507 S.
    Series Statement: Miscellanea Bavarica:Dissertationen zur bayer. Landes- u. Münchner Stadtgeschichte
    Keywords: München ; Alltag ; Deutsches Sprachgebiet, einschließlich des Deutschamerikanischen und des Jiddischen ; German Language Area, including German-American and Yiddish ; L'aire linguistique germanophone y compris yiddish et d'outre-mer
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München
    Pages: 507 S.
    Series Statement: Miscellanea Bavarica:Dissertationen zur bayer. Landes- u. Münchner Stadtgeschichte
    Keywords: München ; Stadtplanung ; Städtische Siedlungsformen ; Urban Forms of Settlement ; L'habitat urbain
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  • 83
    Pages: o.S.
    Keywords: Oberbayern ; Siedlungsgeschichte ; Deutsches Sprachgebiet, einschließlich des Deutschamerikanischen und des Jiddischen ; German Language Area, including German-American and Yiddish ; L'aire linguistique germanophone y compris yiddish et d'outre-mer
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  • 84
    Pages: 52 S.
    Keywords: Museumsbesucherforschung ; Museen, Sammlungen, Ausstellungen ; Museums, Collections, Exhibitions ; Musées, collections et expositions
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468459166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Criminology ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 The Advent of Problem-Oriented Policing -- The “End Product” of Policing -- Problems as Behavior Patterns -- Evolution of the Problem-Oriented Approach -- Timeliness of the Problem-Oriented Model -- Old Wine with New Label? -- From Native Wisdom to Problem Solving -- A Hypothetical Example -- Building on a Foundation -- 2 Police Officers as Applied Social Scientists -- The Newport News Experiment -- The Battle of New Briarfield -- Expanding the Process -- Applied Social Research -- Science and Experience -- Finding Researchable Problems -- 3 Participation and Work Enrichment -- The Human Relations School -- Climbing Maslow’s Hierarchy -- Enriching Jobs -- The Work Reform Movement -- Who Does the Thinking and Planning? -- The Police Officer as a Problem Solver -- The Officer as “Intrapreneur” -- 4 Problems of Planned Change -- Problems and Obstacles -- Sources of Resistance -- Force Field Analysis as a Requisite for Change -- Garnering Community Support -- Harnessing Human Resources -- Supportive Concepts -- Evolving a Paradigm -- Strategies -- Toward an Epidemiological Science of Problem-Oriented Policing -- 5 The Oakland Project -- The Oakland Police Department -- From Research to Reform -- Inception of the Program -- 6 Defining a Problem: First-Generation Change Agents -- Evolving a Joint Frame of Reference -- Facing Larger Implications -- The Inadequacies of the Academic Approach -- Prelude to Action -- The Travails of Planning -- The Fruits of Labor -- Review of Aims -- Two Steps Forward -- A Happening -- A Rebirth of Anxiety -- An Identity Crisis -- Task Force Activity -- Diminishing Returns -- The Feel of Success -- The Group Has a Guest -- An Unsuccessful Exercise -- Intensive Work -- Stage Fright -- A Full Measure of Success -- A Profile of Morale -- 7 Addressing the Problem: Inventing the Peer Review Panel -- The Interview Experience -- Foundation Building -- Germination -- A Side Trip -- Defining the Mission -- Constructive Conflict -- Tooling Up -- The Opening Night -- The Man Who Came to Dinner -- A Command Appearance -- A Study in Complexity -- Back to the Drawing Board -- Running Out of Steam -- Accomplishment -- An Interlude of Alienation -- The Interviewer as Theorist -- An Activity Profile -- A General Comment -- A Concluding Note -- 8 Addressing the Problem: Designing Family Crisis Teams -- Preliminary Explorations -- Tooling Up -- Shaping a Group Mission -- A Data-Processing Session -- Foundation Building -- Forging Links with Other Agencies -- Loveless Labor -- Fertilization and Cross-Fertilization -- A Spontaneous Review Panel -- Process and Product -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part I -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part II -- The End of the Tunnel -- A Loose End -- Final Comment -- 9 Implementing a Solution: Family Crisis Management -- Caveats and Rejoinders -- Group Problem Solving -- Peacekeepers as a Happy Breed -- Consumer Reaction -- The Referral Agencies: A View from the Bridge -- The Police as Referral Agency -- 10 Implementing a Solution: The Peer Review Panel -- The Walls of Jericho -- Kill and Overkill -- The New Man -- The Change Sequence: A Retrospective View -- From Changee to Changer -- The Importance of Being Perfect -- The Belated Rehabilitation of Officer White -- More Convincing Documentation -- The Incidence of Conflicts -- Injuries to Officers and Citizens -- Complaints against the Police -- The Initiation of Interaction -- The Type of Arrest -- Individual Productivity and Violence -- The Peer Review Panel -- What Could We Conclude? -- But Was It Problem-Oriented Policing? -- 11 Community Problem-Oriented Policing -- Being One’s Own Police Chief -- Autonomy in Problem-Oriented Policing -- Autonomy and Morale -- But What of Quality Control? -- Composite Strategies -- How Does It Work? -- Studying Problems -- Linking Backyards -- 12 A Problem-Oriented War on Drugs -- Toward a Problem-Oriented Process -- Levels of Causation and Intervention -- Barriers to Cumulating Knowledge -- A War on What? -- Formal Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Sequencing -- Choice of Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Choice of Targets -- The Political Context of Problem-Oriented Drug Policing -- Postscript -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book is about police and police reform and about a movement called "problem-oriented policing," which is sweeping the country. The problem-oriented approach has been labeled "a philosophical revolution" and "the cutting edge of policing" (Malcolm, 1989). Two observers, Wilson and Kelling (1989), have written that the approach "con­ stitutes the beginning of the most significant redefinition of police work in the past half century" (p. 48). Such an esteemed development matters, and one expects knowledgeable persons to observe it and think about it. Our mission in this book is different from that of some observers, those concerned with management practice and philosophy. Ours is a more person-centered book, which views the problem-oriented move­ ment from the trenches where battles, not wars, are waged. We are concerned with what an erstwhile colleague of ours dubbed the "nitty­ gritty" and what others have called the "human equation." This is so because the core of our interest is on the experience of being problem oriented and how one engenders this experience. Coincidentally, such grass roots analysis happens to fit problem-oriented policing, which delegates thinking and planning to those on the frontlines. In the battles won by problem-oriented policing, ordinary police officers become generals or, at least, strategists of policing. The jobs that such men and women do are expanded, and we shall center on this expansion of the job.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Advent of Problem-Oriented PolicingThe “End Product” of Policing -- Problems as Behavior Patterns -- Evolution of the Problem-Oriented Approach -- Timeliness of the Problem-Oriented Model -- Old Wine with New Label? -- From Native Wisdom to Problem Solving -- A Hypothetical Example -- Building on a Foundation -- 2 Police Officers as Applied Social Scientists -- The Newport News Experiment -- The Battle of New Briarfield -- Expanding the Process -- Applied Social Research -- Science and Experience -- Finding Researchable Problems -- 3 Participation and Work Enrichment -- The Human Relations School -- Climbing Maslow’s Hierarchy -- Enriching Jobs -- The Work Reform Movement -- Who Does the Thinking and Planning? -- The Police Officer as a Problem Solver -- The Officer as “Intrapreneur” -- 4 Problems of Planned Change -- Problems and Obstacles -- Sources of Resistance -- Force Field Analysis as a Requisite for Change -- Garnering Community Support -- Harnessing Human Resources -- Supportive Concepts -- Evolving a Paradigm -- Strategies -- Toward an Epidemiological Science of Problem-Oriented Policing -- 5 The Oakland Project -- The Oakland Police Department -- From Research to Reform -- Inception of the Program -- 6 Defining a Problem: First-Generation Change Agents -- Evolving a Joint Frame of Reference -- Facing Larger Implications -- The Inadequacies of the Academic Approach -- Prelude to Action -- The Travails of Planning -- The Fruits of Labor -- Review of Aims -- Two Steps Forward -- A Happening -- A Rebirth of Anxiety -- An Identity Crisis -- Task Force Activity -- Diminishing Returns -- The Feel of Success -- The Group Has a Guest -- An Unsuccessful Exercise -- Intensive Work -- Stage Fright -- A Full Measure of Success -- A Profile of Morale -- 7 Addressing the Problem: Inventing the Peer Review Panel -- The Interview Experience -- Foundation Building -- Germination -- A Side Trip -- Defining the Mission -- Constructive Conflict -- Tooling Up -- The Opening Night -- The Man Who Came to Dinner -- A Command Appearance -- A Study in Complexity -- Back to the Drawing Board -- Running Out of Steam -- Accomplishment -- An Interlude of Alienation -- The Interviewer as Theorist -- An Activity Profile -- A General Comment -- A Concluding Note -- 8 Addressing the Problem: Designing Family Crisis Teams -- Preliminary Explorations -- Tooling Up -- Shaping a Group Mission -- A Data-Processing Session -- Foundation Building -- Forging Links with Other Agencies -- Loveless Labor -- Fertilization and Cross-Fertilization -- A Spontaneous Review Panel -- Process and Product -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part I -- A Tortuous Interlude: Part II -- The End of the Tunnel -- A Loose End -- Final Comment -- 9 Implementing a Solution: Family Crisis Management -- Caveats and Rejoinders -- Group Problem Solving -- Peacekeepers as a Happy Breed -- Consumer Reaction -- The Referral Agencies: A View from the Bridge -- The Police as Referral Agency -- 10 Implementing a Solution: The Peer Review Panel -- The Walls of Jericho -- Kill and Overkill -- The New Man -- The Change Sequence: A Retrospective View -- From Changee to Changer -- The Importance of Being Perfect -- The Belated Rehabilitation of Officer White -- More Convincing Documentation -- The Incidence of Conflicts -- Injuries to Officers and Citizens -- Complaints against the Police -- The Initiation of Interaction -- The Type of Arrest -- Individual Productivity and Violence -- The Peer Review Panel -- What Could We Conclude? -- But Was It Problem-Oriented Policing? -- 11 Community Problem-Oriented Policing -- Being One’s Own Police Chief -- Autonomy in Problem-Oriented Policing -- Autonomy and Morale -- But What of Quality Control? -- Composite Strategies -- How Does It Work? -- Studying Problems -- Linking Backyards -- 12 A Problem-Oriented War on Drugs -- Toward a Problem-Oriented Process -- Levels of Causation and Intervention -- Barriers to Cumulating Knowledge -- A War on What? -- Formal Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Sequencing -- Choice of Problem-Oriented Interventions -- Choice of Targets -- The Political Context of Problem-Oriented Drug Policing -- Postscript -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9781468464320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 869 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Overview Section -- Section A: Nitrogenase Biochemistry and Chemical Models -- Section B: Plant-Microbe Interactions -- Section C: Limiting Factors in Nitrogen Fixation -- Section D: Nitrogen Fixation and the Environment -- Section E: Bacterial Systems -- Section F: Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture and Industry -- Section G: Plant Function -- Section H: Nitrogen Fixation and Evolution -- Section I: Summing up the Congress -- Author Index.
    Abstract: We are witnessing an increased awareness of the earth's environment. Examples are easily seen in the rise of 'Green Parties' across Europe, North America, Australasia, and lately Eastern Europe. The public outcry following industrial mishaps in Alaska, Chernobyl, Basel, and Bhopal, as well as the renewed legislative activity, such as the Clean Air Act in the USA and the European Community directive to member nation concerning the control of release of genetically engineered organisms are further examples of the general interest in the biosphere. The 'Ozone hole', 'Greenhouse gases', and 'Genetically engineered Microorganisms' have gained public profiles, and are discussed widely in newspapers, magazines and the electronic media. A recent educational survey of nations, belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) showed that school children are more literate with ecological terms (as listed above) than with 'pure' scientific terms, like 'phloem', 'mitosis', 'proton', or 'Jurasic period'. Perhaps the increase in awareness is cyclical, being fed by non-scientific, sociological and economic advances. The late 1960s/early 1970s saw a major increase in environmental consciousness. Anti-pollution groups were founded, healthfood shops and naturopathy became acceptable as did recycling, the use of lead-free gasoline, and the reduced usage of environmental toxins, like DDT and PCB. For example, Monsanto Chemical Company instigated a self-imposed halt to the manufacture of PCB in the mid-seventies. Chemical companies started to look at biodegradable herbicides, slow release fertilizers, and specifically targeted pesticides.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461536680
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 285 p) , online resource
    Edition: 2
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468465969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Within the past decade there has been a veritable explosion of interest in the relationship between food and human behavior. It seems that there is an insatiable desire to find connections between what we eat and what we do. A clear example of this is the proliferation of books, magazine and newspaper articles, and television and radio programs devoted to the topic. More important, however, is the increased attention the scientific community is giving to the study of nutrition and behavior as evidenced by the growth of research, the development of undergraduate and graduate programs, and the number of scientific conferences addressing the prob­ lems in this area. The burgeoning scientific interest in this field makes it a very appropriate time for this book. The principal goal of Nutrition and Behavior: New Perspectives is to provide a comprehensive examination of the scientific evidence dealing with relationships between nutritional variables and behavior. Although findings in research using experimental animals will be introduced, the primary emphasis will be on investigating the nutrition-behavior relation­ ship in our own species. The first chapter provides a historical introduction to the area and examines the techniques used in the scientific assessment of nutrition and behavior. This material gives the reader the necessary background to place recent research on nutrition and behavior within a wider perspective and to evaluate its reliability and validity
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. IntroductionHistorical Perspective -- Food Faddism -- Research Strategies -- 2. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition, the Central Nervous System, and Behavior -- Structure and Development of the Central Nervous System -- Definition and Prevalence of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition -- Consequences of Malnutrition on Brain Development -- Behavioral Consequences of Malnutrition -- 3. Vitamins, the Central Nervous System, and Behavior -- Thiamin (Vitamin B1) -- Niacin (Vitamin B3) -- Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) -- Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) -- Folic Acid -- 4. Trace Minerals, the Central Nervous System, and Behavior -- Iron -- Zinc -- Iodine -- 5. Too Much of a Good Thing? Excess Intake of Vitamins and Minerals -- Megavitamin Therapy -- Treatment of Schizophrenia -- Down’s Syndrome and Other Forms of Mental Retardation -- Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements on Intelligence in Normal Children -- Treatment of Autism -- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder -- Vitamin B6 (Pyroxidine) in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome -- Vitamin and Mineral Toxicity -- 6. Heavy Metals, Nutrition, and Behavior -- Lead -- Mercury -- Aluminum -- Cadmium -- 7. Food Additives: Are There Behavioral Risks? -- Government Regulations and Food Additives -- Testing of New Food Additives -- Classification of Food Additives -- Food Additives and Behavior -- Monosodium Glutamate -- Sulfites -- 8. Caffeine and the Methylxanthines -- Origins of the Use of Methylxanthines -- Sources and Levels of Intake -- Metabolism of the Methylxanthines -- Physiological Effects -- Neurophysiological and Behavioral Effects -- Therapeutic Uses 160 Caffeine and Disease -- 9. Sugar and Behavior -- Sugar: What is it? -- Sugar Consumption -- Sugar and Hyperactivity -- Sugar, Hypoglycemia, and Behavior -- Sugar and Antisocial Behavior -- 10. Artificial Sweeteners: Do They Live Up to Expectations? -- History and Use of Artificial Sweeteners -- Role in the Control of Food Intake and Body Weight -- 11. Alcohol: Consequences on the Central Nervous System and Behavior -- Metabolism of Alcohol -- Interaction of Alcohol and Nutrition -- Consequences of Alcohol Intake in Adults -- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome -- 12. Diet, Neurotransmitters, and Behavior -- Precursor Control of Neurotransmitter Synthesis -- Acetylcholine -- Serotonin -- 13. Obesity -- Definition -- Prevalence -- Physiological Aspects -- Psychological Consequences -- Etiology -- Treatment -- 14. Eating Disorders -- Anorexia Nervosa -- Bulimia.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9781489959744
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 481 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489964472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 321 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social structure. ; Equality.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475709292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 285 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 What are Lamprophyres? — History, Definitions, Classification -- 2 When and Where? — Global Distribution, Igneous Associations -- 3 Field Geology and Petrography — Macroscopy and Microscopy -- 4 Cognate Mineralogy -- 5 Whole-rock Geochemistry -- 6 Inclusion Suites — Macrocrysts, Xenocrysts, Xenoliths, etc. -- 7 Plutonic and Volcanic Equivalents of Lamprophyres -- 8 Nature, Origin and Evolution of Lamprophyre Melts -- 9 Economic Geology -- 10 A Selective Lamprophyre Bibliography -- Appendix A Abbreviations and Symbols -- Appendix B Glossary of lamprophyres and ambiguous petrological terms -- Appendix C Global Compilation of Lamprophyre Occurrences -- Table Cl Confirmed occurrences of cale-alkaline lamprophyres -- Table C2 Confirmed occurrences of alkaline lamprophyres -- Table C3 Confirmed occurrences of ultramafic lamprophyres -- Table C4 Confirmed occurrences of lamproites -- Table C5 Additional documentation for the appinite suite and vaugnérite series -- Table C6 Confirmed mixed or transitional occurrences (covering two or more branches) -- Table C7 Unconfirmed occurrences of “lamprophyres” -- Table C8 Apocryphal occurrences of “lamprophyres” -- Appendix D The computerized lamprophyre database LAMPDA.
    Abstract: Following their recognition by GUmbel (1874), lamprophyres were treated for an entire century as little more than obscure curiosities. Although this situation has changed recently, with a flowering of publications and active workers, lamprophyres remain almost the only group of igneous rocks which have not yet received attention in a dedicated monograph. In five exploratory reviews (1977-1987), the writer aimed to set out what was known about these rocks. The lUGS Subcommission on igneous rock systematics had meanwhile presented its nomenclatural framework (Streckeisen 1979). All this has now been overtaken by a recent explosion of interest, epitomized not least by lamprophyres' greater prominence in the 4th International Kimberlite Conference Proceedings. More data have become available since 1985 than over the entire previous century, and it is obviously impossible for such an extraordinary outpouring to be fully reviewed in this first, preliminary book. At the risk of dissatisfying some readers, therefore, this book concentrates on factual matters, and on a broad overview rather than minutiae. Because not even a world map of known lamprophyres was previously available, almost half the book is deliberately taken up by the first global lamprophyre compilation, and its commensurately extensive Bibliography. Such a compendium of largely objective information is believed to be of more immediate interest and lasting value than a premature pottage of petrogenetic polemic. Chapters 1-7 bring previous studies up to date, and concentrate on factual information.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475753806
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 302 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Sweetness and food selection -- 2 The carbohydrate—sucrose -- 3 Non-sucrose carbohydrates -- 4 Sugar alcohols -- 5 Intense sweeteners -- 6 Natural high potency sweeteners -- 7 Sweetener markets, marketing and product development -- 8 Sweeteners and dental health -- 9 Sweeteners and metabolic disorders -- 10 Sweeteners and body weight -- 11 Sweeteners: statutory aspects.
    Abstract: The study of sweetness and sweeteners has recently been an area well­ served by books at all levels, but this volume was planned to fill what we perceived as a gap in the coverage. There appeared to be no book which attempted to combine a study of sweetness with a thorough but concise coverage of all aspects of sweeteners. We set out to include all the important classes of sweeteners, including materials which do not yet have regulatory approval, so that clear comparisons could be made between them and their technological advantages and disadvantages. To achieve our first aim, of sufficient depth of coverage, the accounts within this volume are comprehensive enough to satisfy the requirements of a demanding readership, but cannot be exhaustive in a single volume of moderate proportions. The second aim, of breadth and conciseness, is satisfied by careful selection of the most pertinent material. For the purposes of this book, a sweetener is assumed to be any substance whose primary effect is to sweeten a food or beverage to be consumed, thus including both the nutritive and non-nutritive varieties, from the ubiquitous sucrose to the lesser known, newer developments in alternative sweeteners. The volume has its contents structured in a logical manner to enable it to be used in an ordered study of the complete subject area or as a convenient reference source.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9781468465396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 383 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Housing production manual
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The procedures in this manual distill six years of learning about the most efficient acquisition and construction methods in this country for high volume production of housing affordable to low-income people. The people in the Rehab Work Group at The Enterprise Foundation have gathered this information first-hand and conveyed it in training workshops on production management throughout the country. Over 2000 participants in the workshops have included rehab specialists from city housing departments, con­ struction managers of single and multifamily rehab projects, program managers from both nonprofit housing development organizations and city rehab depart­ ments, as well as students in colleges and universities. They are becoming the backbone of a new cadre of effective producers of affordable housing. In the 30 cities and several rural areas where we have both learned and applied these production management techniques, they have resulted in savings of 5, 10, even 25 percent of the cost of housing development. The Enterprise Foundation is a national, nonprofit organization that my wife Patty and I launched in 1982. The Foundation's mission is to see that all very low-income Americans have the opportunity for fit and affordable housing within a generation, and work their way up and out of poverty into the main­ stream of American life.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461538707
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Production management. ; Strategic planning. ; Leadership. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Quality costing: an introduction -- 2 Definitions of quality costs -- 3 Collection of quality costs -- 4 Reporting of quality costs -- 5 Uses of quality costs -- 6 Case study, company 1 -- 7 Case study, company 2 -- 8 Case study, company 3 -- 9 Case study, company 4 -- 10 Setting up a quality costing system.
    Abstract: This book is one of the few English language texts devoted to the subject of quality costing. The material is based on research work carried out by the authors at the Manchester School of Managememt, UMIST, over the last nine years or so. The research has been mainly in manufac­ turing organizations but work has also been conducted in non-manufac­ turing concerns (e. g. marketing and service operations, and commerce). The book will provide managers with sound practical advice on how to define, collect, analyse, report and use quality costs. The text covers all the main aspects of quality costing and an attempt has been made to structure the book in the sequence by which organizations should set about a quality costing exercise. The book opens by examining the background of quality costing. This is followed by chapters on definitions of quality costs, collection of quality costs, analysis and reporting of quality costs, and the uses of quality costs. Examples from manufacturing organizations and non­ manufacturing situations are used throughout the first five chapters to illustrate the key points discussed in the text. The next four chapters are case studies which provide considerable detail on quality costing in companies from the mechanical and electronics industries. To preserve anonymity the companies are not referred to by name.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Quality costing: an introduction2 Definitions of quality costs -- 3 Collection of quality costs -- 4 Reporting of quality costs -- 5 Uses of quality costs -- 6 Case study, company 1 -- 7 Case study, company 2 -- 8 Case study, company 3 -- 9 Case study, company 4 -- 10 Setting up a quality costing system.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9781461576044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Glossary -- 2 Polymer Chemistry -- 3 Plastic Materials/Properties and Applications -- 4 Extrusion Processes -- 5 Injection Molding of Plastics -- 6 Design Considerations for Injection Molds -- 7 Injection Mold Manufacturing -- 8 Injection Molding of Thermosets -- 9 Compression and Transfer Molding -- 10 Designing Molds for Thermoset Processing -- 11 Molded Part Design -- 12 Blow Molding of Thermoplastics -- 13 Thermoforming of Plastic Film and Sheet -- 14 Rotational Molding -- 15 Calendering -- 16 Vinyl Dispersions -- 17 Powder Coatings -- 18 Reinforced Plastics and Composites -- 19 Cellular Plastics -- 20 Radiation Processing -- 21 Material and Parts Handling -- 22 Compounding -- 23 Finishing and Machining Plastics -- 24 Joining and Assembling Plastics -- 25 Design Standards for Inserts -- 26 Decorating Plastics -- 27 Performance Testing of Plastics Products.
    Abstract: I am pleased to present the Fifth Edition of the Plastics Engineering Handbook. Last published in 1976, this version of the standard industry reference on plastics processing incorporates the numerous revisions and additions necessitated by 14 years of activity in a dynamic industry. At that last printing, then-SPI President Ralph L. Harding, Jr. anticipated that plastics pro­ duction would top 26 billion pounds in 1976 (up from 1.25 billion in 1947, when the First Edition of this book was issued). As I write, plastics production in the United States had reached almost 60 billion pounds annually. Indeed, the story of the U.S. plastics industry always has been one of phenomenal growth and unparalleled innovation. While these factors make compilation of a book such as this difficult, they also make it necessary. Thus I acknowledge all those who worked to gather and relate the information included in this 1991 edition and thank them for the effort it took to make the Plastics Engineering Handbook a definitive source and invaluable tool for our industry. Larry L. Thomas President The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Glossary2 Polymer Chemistry -- 3 Plastic Materials/Properties and Applications -- 4 Extrusion Processes -- 5 Injection Molding of Plastics -- 6 Design Considerations for Injection Molds -- 7 Injection Mold Manufacturing -- 8 Injection Molding of Thermosets -- 9 Compression and Transfer Molding -- 10 Designing Molds for Thermoset Processing -- 11 Molded Part Design -- 12 Blow Molding of Thermoplastics -- 13 Thermoforming of Plastic Film and Sheet -- 14 Rotational Molding -- 15 Calendering -- 16 Vinyl Dispersions -- 17 Powder Coatings -- 18 Reinforced Plastics and Composites -- 19 Cellular Plastics -- 20 Radiation Processing -- 21 Material and Parts Handling -- 22 Compounding -- 23 Finishing and Machining Plastics -- 24 Joining and Assembling Plastics -- 25 Design Standards for Inserts -- 26 Decorating Plastics -- 27 Performance Testing of Plastics Products.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9781468478297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Distinctions Between Patents, Copyrights, Trade Secrets, and Trademarks -- Constitutional Basis and Underlying Philosophy for Patents and Copyrights -- Patents -- Design Patents -- Plant Patents -- Plant Variety Protection Act -- Copyrights -- Trade Secrets -- Trademarks and Service Marks -- 3 Jurisdiction for Administering and Enforcing Laws Concerning Intellectual Property -- The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and Appeals Therefrom -- United States District Courts and Appeals Therefrom -- US Claims Court and Appeals Therefrom -- International Trade Commission (ITC) and Appeals Therefrom -- Copyright Office -- State Courts -- Laws Related to Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights -- Resolution of Disputes by Nonlitigation Methods -- 4 Patentability and Inventorship -- Patentability -- What Can Be Patented -- Utility -- Double Patenting -- Novelty and 35 USC § 102 -- Nonobviousness Requirement for Patentability USC § 103 -- Case Law Application of 35 USC § 103 -- Inventorship -- 5 The Patent Application -- Abstract of the Disclosure -- Description Portion of the Specification -- Written Description of the Invention -- Enablement -- Best Mode -- Drawings -- Models -- Claims -- Preamble of the Claim -- Transitional Phrase of the Claim -- Body of the Claim -- Types of Claims -- Doctrine of Equivalents -- Oath or Declaration -- Statutory Invention Registration (SIR) -- 6 Prosecution of Patent Application -- Requirements for Obtaining a Filing Date -- Classification of Application for Examination Purposes -- Initial Substantive Review of Application by Examiner -- Response by Applicant -- Examination of Claims on Their Merits -- Response to Office Action -- Final Rejection of Claims and Response -- Appeal to Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences -- Interferences -- Review by Quality Control -- Notice of Allowance -- Certificates of Correction -- Reissues -- Reexamination -- Intervening Rights -- Protests -- Patent marking -- Types of Related Patent Applications -- 7 Reexamination -- Citation of Prior Art -- Request for Reexamination -- Substantial New Question of Patentability -- The Order to Reexamine -- Reexamination Proceeding -- Some Factors of Concern When Deciding to Reexamine or Whether to Take Some Other Action -- License Agreements and Reexamination -- 8 International Patent Treaties -- Paris Convention of 1883 -- Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) -- European Patents and the European Patent Convention (EPC) -- Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) -- African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) -- Inventor’s Certificate -- 9 Trade Secrets and Commercial Considerations -- Trade Secrets -- Maintaining Secrecy -- Protection Afforded by Trade Secrets -- Patent or Keep Secret -- Commercial Considerations -- Restrictions on Exploitation of Patents -- Record Keeping -- Invention Disclosures -- Ownership of Invention -- Invention Incentive Programs -- 10 Searching -- Search Facilities at the United States Patent and Trademark Office -- Searching Organizations -- Reasons for Searching -- 11 Government Patent Policy -- General Considerations -- Small Business and Nonprofit Organizations -- March-In Rights -- Federal Technology Transfer Act -- 12 Trademarks and Service Marks -- Federal Trademark Registrations -- Categories of Terms and Secondary Meaning -- Benefits From Federal Registration -- Likelihood of Confusion -- Trade Names -- Trade Dress -- Searching -- 13 Copyrights and Semiconductor Chip Protection -- Copyrights -- Protection for Semiconductor Chips -- Important Addresses -- Acronyms -- Appendices A-S.
    Abstract: The primary purpose of the first edition of this book was to provide inventors and those who manage technology with sufficient understanding of the patent system to permit them to make use of it with the greatest possible degree of comfort. From the comments that I have received from readers of the first edition, it seems that this purpose was achieved to an appreciable extent. In fact, the audience for the book went beyond this and has been of use to those entering the patent profession and general attorneys who have technology-based clientele. This second edition discusses important changes in the law since the first, including the enactment of new laws as well as new insights into or inter­ pretations of already existing statutes. Along with updating material, I have expanded certain discussions including more examples to illustrate some of the more complex issues covered. In writing this book, I have tried not to lose sight of the underlying philosophy of the patent laws as expressed in ARTICLE 1, SECTION 8 of the United States Constitution: The Congress shall have the power to promote the sciences and useful arts, by securing for limited time to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. Encouragement of communication between an inventor and the general public is, therefore, the primary purpose and objective of the patent laws.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Basic Distinctions Between Patents, Copyrights, Trade Secrets, and Trademarks -- Constitutional Basis and Underlying Philosophy for Patents and Copyrights -- Patents -- Design Patents -- Plant Patents -- Plant Variety Protection Act -- Copyrights -- Trade Secrets -- Trademarks and Service Marks -- 3 Jurisdiction for Administering and Enforcing Laws Concerning Intellectual Property -- The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and Appeals Therefrom -- United States District Courts and Appeals Therefrom -- US Claims Court and Appeals Therefrom -- International Trade Commission (ITC) and Appeals Therefrom -- Copyright Office -- State Courts -- Laws Related to Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights -- Resolution of Disputes by Nonlitigation Methods -- 4 Patentability and Inventorship -- Patentability -- What Can Be Patented -- Utility -- Double Patenting -- Novelty and 35 USC § 102 -- Nonobviousness Requirement for Patentability USC § 103 -- Case Law Application of 35 USC § 103 -- Inventorship -- 5 The Patent Application -- Abstract of the Disclosure -- Description Portion of the Specification -- Written Description of the Invention -- Enablement -- Best Mode -- Drawings -- Models -- Claims -- Preamble of the Claim -- Transitional Phrase of the Claim -- Body of the Claim -- Types of Claims -- Doctrine of Equivalents -- Oath or Declaration -- Statutory Invention Registration (SIR) -- 6 Prosecution of Patent Application -- Requirements for Obtaining a Filing Date -- Classification of Application for Examination Purposes -- Initial Substantive Review of Application by Examiner -- Response by Applicant -- Examination of Claims on Their Merits -- Response to Office Action -- Final Rejection of Claims and Response -- Appeal to Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences -- Interferences -- Review by Quality Control -- Notice of Allowance -- Certificates of Correction -- Reissues -- Reexamination -- Intervening Rights -- Protests -- Patent marking -- Types of Related Patent Applications -- 7 Reexamination -- Citation of Prior Art -- Request for Reexamination -- Substantial New Question of Patentability -- The Order to Reexamine -- Reexamination Proceeding -- Some Factors of Concern When Deciding to Reexamine or Whether to Take Some Other Action -- License Agreements and Reexamination -- 8 International Patent Treaties -- Paris Convention of 1883 -- Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) -- European Patents and the European Patent Convention (EPC) -- Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) -- African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) -- Inventor’s Certificate -- 9 Trade Secrets and Commercial Considerations -- Trade Secrets -- Maintaining Secrecy -- Protection Afforded by Trade Secrets -- Patent or Keep Secret -- Commercial Considerations -- Restrictions on Exploitation of Patents -- Record Keeping -- Invention Disclosures -- Ownership of Invention -- Invention Incentive Programs -- 10 Searching -- Search Facilities at the United States Patent and Trademark Office -- Searching Organizations -- Reasons for Searching -- 11 Government Patent Policy -- General Considerations -- Small Business and Nonprofit Organizations -- March-In Rights -- Federal Technology Transfer Act -- 12 Trademarks and Service Marks -- Federal Trademark Registrations -- Categories of Terms and Secondary Meaning -- Benefits From Federal Registration -- Likelihood of Confusion -- Trade Names -- Trade Dress -- Searching -- 13 Copyrights and Semiconductor Chip Protection -- Copyrights -- Protection for Semiconductor Chips -- Important Addresses -- Acronyms -- Appendices A-S.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461564386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial introductionGeneral bibliography -- References -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Characteristics of the industry -- 1.2 Scale of operations -- 1.3 Major chemical producing countries -- 1.4 Major sectors and their products -- 1.5 Turning chemicals into useful end products -- 1.6 Environmental issues -- 2 Sources of chemicals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sources of organic chemicals -- 2.3 Sources of inorganic chemicals -- 2.4 Recycling of materials -- References -- 3 The world’s major chemical industries -- 3.1 History and development of the chemical industry -- 3.2 The chemical industry today -- 3.3 The United Kingdom chemical industry -- 3.4 The U.S. chemical industry -- 3.5 Other chemical industries -- 3.6 World’s major chemical companies -- 3.7 General characteristics and future of the chemical industry -- 4 Organization and finance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structure of a company -- 4.3 Organization of R&D -- 4.4 Production organization -- 4.5 Marketing -- 4.6 Sources of finance -- 4.7 Multinationals -- References -- 5 Technological economics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cost of producing a chemical -- 5.3 Variable costs -- 5.4 Fixed costs -- 5.5 Direct, indirect and capital related costs -- 5.6 Profit -- 5.7 Effects of scale of operation -- 5.8 Effect of low rate operation -- 5.9 Diminishing return -- 5.10 Absorption costing and marginality -- 5.11 Measuring profitability -- 5.12 Time value of money -- 5.13 Project evaluation -- 5.14 Conclusion -- Appendix (D.C.F. calculations) -- References -- 6 Chemical engineering -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Material balances -- 6.3 Energy balances -- 6.4 Fluid flow -- 6.5 Heat transfer -- 6.7 Process control -- References -- 7 Energy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of energy -- 7.3 Use of energy in the chemical industry -- 7.4 Efficient utilization of energy -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Environmental pollution control -- 8.1 Technology and pollution -- 8.2 Methods of pollution control -- 8.3 Economics of pollution control -- 8.4 Industrial health and hygiene -- 8.5 Legislation -- 8.6 Environmental topics -- References -- 9 Chlor-alkali products -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Uses of chlorine -- 9.3 Uses of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) -- 9.4 Uses of hydrogen -- 9.5 Types of cell -- 9.6 Future developments -- 10 Catalysts and catalysis -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Definitions and constraints -- 10.3 Thermodynamic relationships -- 10.4 Homogeneous catalysis -- 10.5 Heterogenization of homogeneous catalytic systems -- 10.6 Heterogeneous catalysis -- 10.7 Applications and mechanisms -- 10.8 The future -- References -- 11 Petrochemicals -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Crude oil, gas and refinery operations -- 11.3 Lower olefins (alkenes) and acetylene (ethyne) -- 11.4 Synthesis gas, ammonia and methanol -- 11.5 Acetic (ethanoic) acid and anhydride -- 11.6 C1 products -- 11.7 C2 products -- 11.8 C3 products -- 11.9 C4 products -- 11.10 C5 aliphatics -- 11.11 Aromatics -- 11.12 Nylon intermediates -- 11.13 The future -- References -- Periodical special issues and supplements.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9781489961464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 303 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Language and languages—Style.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468415308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Developments in polymerization -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Radical addition polymerization -- 1.3 Ionic and coordination addition polymerization -- 1.4 Stepwise polymerization -- References -- 2 Group transfer polymerizations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Features of group transfer polymerization -- 2.3 Kinetics and mechanism -- 2.4 Aldol group transfer polymerization -- 2.5 Copolymers -- 2.6 Telechelics -- 2.7 Related and anionic polymerizations -- 2.8 Applications -- References -- 3 Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic alkenes -- 3.1 Scope of ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.2 Monomers for ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.3 Catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cycloalkenes -- 3.4 Mechanism of ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.5 Molecular weight distribution in polyalkenylenes -- 3.6 Stereochemistry of ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.7 Thermodynamics of ring-opening polymerization -- References -- 4 Transformation reactions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical development of transformation reactions -- 4.3 Transformations between anionic and cationic polymerization -- 4.4 Transformations between ionic and free radical polymerization -- 4.5 Transformations involving other modes of polymerization -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Chemical modification of preformed polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chemical reactions of polymers: general aspects -- 5.3 Modification of polymers -- References -- 6 Terminally reactive oligomers: telechelic oligomers and macromers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The synthesis of terminally reactive oligomers -- 6.3 Reactions and reactivity of telechelic oligomers and macromers -- 6.4 Uses of terminally functionalized oligomers -- References.
    Abstract: Most practitioners and students of polymer chemistry are familiar, in general terms at least, with the established methods of polymer synthesis - radical, anionic, cationic and coordination addition polymerization, and stepwise con­ densation and rearrangement polymerization. These methods are used to synthesize the majority of polymers used in the manufacture of commercially important plastics, fibres, resins and rubbers, and are covered in most introduc­ tory polymer chemistry textbooks and in most undergraduate and graduate courses on polymer science. Fewer polymer chemists, however, have much familiarity with more recent developments in methods of polymer synthesis, unless they have been specifically involved for some time in the synthesis of speciality polymers. These developments include not only refinements to established methods but also new mechanisms of polymerization, such as group transfer and metathesis polymerization and novel non-polymerization routes to speciality polymers involving, for example, the chemical modification of preformed polymers or the linking together of short terminally functionalized blocks.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Developments in polymerization1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Radical addition polymerization -- 1.3 Ionic and coordination addition polymerization -- 1.4 Stepwise polymerization -- References -- 2 Group transfer polymerizations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Features of group transfer polymerization -- 2.3 Kinetics and mechanism -- 2.4 Aldol group transfer polymerization -- 2.5 Copolymers -- 2.6 Telechelics -- 2.7 Related and anionic polymerizations -- 2.8 Applications -- References -- 3 Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic alkenes -- 3.1 Scope of ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.2 Monomers for ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.3 Catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cycloalkenes -- 3.4 Mechanism of ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.5 Molecular weight distribution in polyalkenylenes -- 3.6 Stereochemistry of ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 3.7 Thermodynamics of ring-opening polymerization -- References -- 4 Transformation reactions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical development of transformation reactions -- 4.3 Transformations between anionic and cationic polymerization -- 4.4 Transformations between ionic and free radical polymerization -- 4.5 Transformations involving other modes of polymerization -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Chemical modification of preformed polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chemical reactions of polymers: general aspects -- 5.3 Modification of polymers -- References -- 6 Terminally reactive oligomers: telechelic oligomers and macromers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The synthesis of terminally reactive oligomers -- 6.3 Reactions and reactivity of telechelic oligomers and macromers -- 6.4 Uses of terminally functionalized oligomers -- References.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475701906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Physiology of Insect Cold Hardiness -- 1. A Tribute to R. W. Salt -- 2. Principles of Insect Low Temperature Tolerance -- 3. The Water Relations of Overwintering Insects -- 4. Biochemistry of Cryoprotectants -- 5. Hemolymph Proteins Involved in Insect Subzero-Temperature Tolerance: Ice Nucleators and Antifreeze Proteins -- Impact on Development and Survival -- 6. Cold Shock and Heat Shock -- 7. Effects of Cold on Morphogenesis -- 8. Relationship between Cold Hardiness and Diapause -- 9. Thermoperiodism -- Species Adaptations -- 10. Winter Habitats and Ecological Adaptations for Winter Survival -- 11. Freezing Tolerance in the Goldenrod Gall Fly (Eurosta solidaginis) -- 12. Behavioral and Physiological Adaptations to Cold in a Freeze-Tolerant Arctic Insect -- 13. Comparative Invertebrate Cold Hardiness -- 14. Adaptations to Alpine and Polar Environments in Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods -- 15. Overwintering of Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates -- Practical Applications -- 16. Cryopreservation of Insect Germplasm: Cells, Tissues, and Organisms -- 17. Cryobiology of Drosophila melanogaster Embryos -- 18. Silkworm Eggs at Low Temperatures: Implications for Sericulture -- 19. Overwintering in Honey Bees: Implications for Apiculture -- 20. Implications of Cold Hardiness for Pest Management -- Taxonomic Index -- Contributors.
    Abstract: The study of insects at low temperature is a comparatively new field. Only recently has insect cryobiology begun to mature, as research moves from a descriptive approach to a search for underlying mechanisms at diverse levels of organization ranging from the gene and cell to ecological and evolutionary relationships. Knowledge of insect responses to low temperature is crucial for understanding the biology of insects living in seasonally varying habitats as well as in polar regions. It is not possible to precisely define low temperature. In the tropics exposure to 10-15°C may induce chill coma or death, whereas some insects in temperate and polar regions remain active and indeed even able to fly at O°C or below. In contrast, for persons interested in cryopreservation, low temperature may mean storage in liquid nitrogen at - 196°C. In the last decade, interest in adaptations of invertebrates to low temperature has risen steadily. In part, this book had its origins in a symposium on this subject that was held at the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Louisville, Kentucky, USA in December, 1988. However, the emergence and growth of this area has also been strongly influenced by an informal group of investigators who met in a series of symposia held in Oslo, Norway in 1982, in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada in 1985 and in Cambridge, England in 1988. Another is scheduled for Binghamton, New York, USA (1990).
    Description / Table of Contents: Physiology of Insect Cold Hardiness1. A Tribute to R. W. Salt -- 2. Principles of Insect Low Temperature Tolerance -- 3. The Water Relations of Overwintering Insects -- 4. Biochemistry of Cryoprotectants -- 5. Hemolymph Proteins Involved in Insect Subzero-Temperature Tolerance: Ice Nucleators and Antifreeze Proteins -- Impact on Development and Survival -- 6. Cold Shock and Heat Shock -- 7. Effects of Cold on Morphogenesis -- 8. Relationship between Cold Hardiness and Diapause -- 9. Thermoperiodism -- Species Adaptations -- 10. Winter Habitats and Ecological Adaptations for Winter Survival -- 11. Freezing Tolerance in the Goldenrod Gall Fly (Eurosta solidaginis) -- 12. Behavioral and Physiological Adaptations to Cold in a Freeze-Tolerant Arctic Insect -- 13. Comparative Invertebrate Cold Hardiness -- 14. Adaptations to Alpine and Polar Environments in Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods -- 15. Overwintering of Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates -- Practical Applications -- 16. Cryopreservation of Insect Germplasm: Cells, Tissues, and Organisms -- 17. Cryobiology of Drosophila melanogaster Embryos -- 18. Silkworm Eggs at Low Temperatures: Implications for Sericulture -- 19. Overwintering in Honey Bees: Implications for Apiculture -- 20. Implications of Cold Hardiness for Pest Management -- Taxonomic Index -- Contributors.
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