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  • Online Resource  (930)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 30
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Communauté Européenne 1998
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 30
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: European Community 1998
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264166929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Hochschule ; Forschung
    Abstract: Universities are key elements in the science systems in all OECD countries. However, university research in OECD countries is currently the object of considerable tensions in a context of globalisation, reduced budgets and a changing interface with industry. How can universities adapt to this new order? How can the potential of university research best be enhanced? This study surveys these issues, consolidating the most up-to-date data on resources and structures of research activities in higher education systems and providing illustrative examples of institutional adaptations. It discusses related government measures and formulates policy orientations to enable countries to rise to the challenges of the coming years.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273030
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289413
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing National Innovation Systems
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Avec l’émergence d’une économie fondée sur le savoir, l’innovation détermine plus que jamais la capacité concurrentielle des entreprises, la prospérité des nations et le dynamisme de la croissance mondiale. Elle mobilise le progrès scientifique au service des besoins évolutifs de la société et constitue ainsi l’une des clés d’un développement durable. La promotion de l’innovation s’affiche aujourd’hui comme une haute priorité dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Cet objectif se heurte toutefois souvent à une compréhension insuffisante de la portée des transformations du processus d’innovation, que celles-ci soient produites par la mondialisation, le développement des technologies de l’information et des communications, ou l’élargissement de la base de connaissances scientifiques. A partir de données empiriques nouvelles, cet ouvrage montre combien les liens qui existent entre l’industrie et le système scientifique se trouvent transformés et analyse la nature des compétences nécessaires pour innover. Il rend également compte des mutations qui modifient les rôles respectifs de la concurrence et de la coopération en matière d'innovation et prend toute la mesure de l'impulsion croissante que la création d’entreprises et les PME donnent à la dynamique d’innovation. A la lumière de cette publication, il apparaît que la performance en matière d’innovation dépend de manière cruciale de la façon dont interagissent, aux niveaux local, national et mondial, les différents éléments constitutifs du « système d’innovation » que sont les entreprises, les universités et les autres organismes de recherche. D'où la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de modifier leur approche de la promotion de l’innovation. Cette étude énonce les objectifs et définit les instruments de cette nouvelle politique de l’innovation tout en identifiant certaines mesures exemplaires prises récemment dans les pays de l'OCDE.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264073074
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Internationalisierung
    Abstract: This publication provides a unique overview and analysis of the main measures and practices which affect international insurance operations in OECD countries. The survey focuses in particular on main insurance fields where obstacles to a full liberalisation may still exist, i.e. cross-border trade and establishment of foreign branches. This is the first time since 1983 that such a work is undertaken by the OECD. This study will certainly contribute to further liberalisation of insurance markets in OECD countries and will provide an indispensable reference tool for any person involved in issues related to trade in insurance.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les connaissances et compétences des élèves ; Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les connaissances et compétences des élèves : Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Are students well prepared to meet the challenges of the future? Parents, students, the public and those who run education systems need to know whether children are acquiring the necessary skills and knowledge to become tomorrow's citizens and to continue learning throughout life. International indicators can describe the levels of achievement in various countries, to which others might aspire. They can provide direction for schools' instructional efforts and for students' learning as well as insights into curriculum strengths and weaknesses. The 29 Member countries of the OECD, together with other countries, have launched the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to develop such indicators on a regular basis. PISA aims at assessing how far students approaching the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. A New Framework for Assessment, the first volume in the PISA series, provides the conceptual framework on which the PISA 2000 assessment is based. It defines the domains of reading literacy, mathematics literacy and scientific literacy forming the core of PISA in terms of the content that students need to acquire, the processes that need to be performed, and the contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied. It also describes the methods developed to ensure that the assessment tasks are valid across countries, are strong at measuring relevant skills and are based on authentic life situations.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173194
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne ; Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland; Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland: Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Stadtentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Germany has long been a pioneer in urban policy. The country has aimed at sustainable urban development in order to tackle all the various economic, social and environmental challenges facing cities. Integrated policy responses and innovative measures have been introduced to help revitalise city centres and cope with suburban growth, rising motor traffic and social change. This book analyses these steps against the background of features specific to Germany: its federal system, the unification process, and its polycentric urban pattern. Urban policy is an effective means of addressing a range of problems inherited from the past, while preparing for a more sustainable future. Over and above the features and findings specific to Germany, the book argues for an integrated and forward-looking multisectoral approach that cannot be guided solely by economic logic and will provide tangible responses to the key question: what kind of cities do we want for the future?
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273313
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Questions de fiscalité internationale no.6
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Application of the OECD Model Tax Convention to Partnerships
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'application des conventions fiscales aux cas impliquant des sociétés de personnes soulève un certain nombre de questions complexes. Dans quelles circonstances une société de personnes a-t-elle le droit de bénéficier des dispositions d'une convention fiscale ? Que se passe-t-il lorsque l'Etat de la résidence et l'Etat de la source appliquent des articles différents de la convention en vertu des spécificités de leurs droits internes ? Comment résoudre les problèmes d'imputation de revenu ? Ce rapport explore ces questions en s'appuyant sur des exemples précis. Chaque exemple comporte une description des faits et, le cas échéant, des dispositions applicables de la législation fiscale interne. On trouvera également dans cet ouvrage des recommandations précises sur la façon de régler les problèmes pratiques de fiscalité internationale liés aux sociétés de personnes.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273696
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 34
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Japon 1999
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 34
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Japan 1999
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264273689
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy; Assessing Performance and Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy: Assessing Performance and Policy
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: L'ampleur et la persistance du chômage demeurent un problème économique et social majeur pour bon nombre de pays de l'OCDE. A l'heure actuelle, quelque 35 millions de personnes sont sans emploi dans l'ensemble de la zone, et nombreux sont ceux qui n'ont même plus le courage de se lancer à la recherche d'un emploi. La précarité de l'emploi et la pauvreté dans laquelle vivent certains travailleurs sont aussi une source de préoccupation croissante dans certains pays. C'est pour apporter une réponse à ces problèmes que la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi a été lancée voici cinq ans. Or il s'avère que cette stratégie « marche » ; tous les résultats disponibles à ce jour le montrent : appliquée de façon suivie dans tous les domaines visés, la stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi permet de réduire durablement le chômage et d'accroître le taux d'activité. Les taux de chômage varient fortement et connaissent des évolutions contrastées au sein de l'OCDE. Comment peut-on expliquer ces disparités ? Pourquoi certains pays ont-ils mieux réussi que d'autres à endiguer le chômage ? Pourquoi certains groupes sociaux -- les jeunes, les travailleurs âgés, les travailleurs peu qualifiés -- ont-ils, dans de nombreux pays, tant de mal à trouver et à conserver un emploi qui les satisfasse pleinement ? La progression des emplois temporaires ou à temps partiel est-elle un bien ou un mal ? Cet ouvrage examine ces questions à la lumière de l'expérience acquise par les pays qui appliquent la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi. Il acccorde une place particulière aux groupes défavorisés qui sont aux marges du marché du travail et identifie les mesures requises pour mieux les intégrer à l'activité productive.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: (Russian version)
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Aktiengesellschaft ; Eigentümer ; Recht ; Corporate Governance ; OECD
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the world has witnessed a significant transformation in the role of the private sector in economic development and job creation. As more and more countries have adopted market-based approaches to economic policy, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of private corporations for the welfare of individuals. A good corporate governance regime is central to the efficient use of corporate capital. Good corporate governance also helps to ensure that corporations take into account the interests of a wide rage of constituencies, as well as of the communities within which they operate, and that their boards are accountable to the company and the shareholders. This, in turn, helps to assure that corporations operate for the benefit of society as a whole. It helps to maintain the confidence of investors - both foreign and domestic - and to attract more long-term capital. The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance were endorsed by ministers at the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level on 26-27 May 1999. They were developed in response to a mandate given to the Organisation by the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level in 1998 to develop a set of standards and guidelines on good corporate governance.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Grundlage
    Abstract: Little quantitative information is available to assess the impacts, both harmful and beneficial, of agriculture on the environment and to measure how different policy measures affect the environment. To help fill these gaps, a major effort is underway in the OECD to develop a set of policy-relevant agri-environmental indicators. This first volume, of the series Environmental Indicators for Agriculture, outlines an analytical framework to further the analysis of agri-environmental linkages and sustainable agriculture. It describes the main environmental concepts in agriculture of relevance to OECD policy-makers and the indicators that need to be calculated: the use of nutrients, pesticides, and water; land conservation; water and soil quality; greenhouse gases; biodiversity; wildlife habitats; landscape; and environmental impacts related to farm management practices, the availability of farm financial resources, and rural socio-cultural issues.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273948
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultivating Rural Amenities; An Economic Development Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultivating Rural Amenities: An Economic Development Perspective
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: L'avenir des zones rurales occupe un rang élevé dans l'agenda politique tant au plan national qu'au plan international. La restructuration du secteur agricole, la réforme des politiques agricoles qui l'accompagne, et les défis à relever pour remplir les objectifs du développement durable sont du reste au coeur des préoccupations des pays de l'OCDE. La recherche de stratégies politiques durables tournées vers l'avenir a révélé que les aménités naturelles et culturelles constituaient un domaine d'action d'autant plus important qu'il complète les politiques rurales traditionnelles orientées vers l'agriculture, tout en s'inscrivant dans la dimension plus large du développement territorial. De nombreux potentiels naturels et culturels demeurent inexploités dans la plupart des zones rurales. Tirer parti de ces aménités suppose l'instauration d'un équilibre entre leur usage et leur conservation. Un certain degré d'activité économique locale est en effet nécessaire pour préserver les aménités rurales -- une absence d'activité pouvant au contraire entraîner leur dégradation -- mais dans le même temps une surexploitation risque de porter atteinte, souvent de façon irréversible, à leur valeur essentielle. Dans la mesure où de nombreuses aménités sont des biens publics, caractérisés par des marchés limités et des droits de propriétés flous, les politiques publiques sont indispensables pour trouver l'équilibre délicat entre l'offre et la demande.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274068
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et sécurité alimentaires ; Les dimensions commerciales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et sécurité alimentaires : Les dimensions commerciales
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Highly publicised outbreaks of food-borne diseases have put food safety at the heart of a topical debate. Demands for increased food safety regulation and stricter enforcement have gained momentum. In fact, consumer concerns go well beyond basic food safety. The quality of food and how it is produced, animal welfare, the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), hormones and other growth promoters, cultural preferences, resource sustainability and protection of the environment have all become major issues in the public debate over regulation of the food industry. The issues are complex and the required policy response remains unclear. With the strengthening of international rules, increased trade in consumer food products and the growing use of biotechnology, trade conflicts over food regulatory issues and their reform could become more common. The economic stakes are high and such disputes are likely to remain a priority in the future trade agenda. This report examines the trade conflicts arising from food safety and quality issues. It summarises the key international agreements, illustrates the range and nature of current disputes, reviews the potential contributions of economic analysis to conflict resolution, and identifies areas requiring further analysis.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique ; les politiques nationales et le Protocole de Kyoto
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique : les politiques nationales et le Protocole de Kyoto
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Nearly two years after Kyoto, most OECD countries are looking towards ratification and implementation of their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. What do historical emissions and policy trends tell us about the way forward? Which policies will be needed to combat climate change? This book provides an overview of recent developments in OECD countries and a framework for policy making in the context of Kyoto targets. There is no single formula for domestic policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Every country will need to assess opportunities and constraints to develop a strategy adapted to their own situation. Yet, it is possible to outline some main lines for action in OECD countries at the national level. National strategies should prioritise market, subsidy and fiscal reform policies to establish conditions for competitive markets and remove distortions that harm the environment. And governments should implement a comprehensive mix of mutually reinforcing and integrated policies, using a wide range of economic instruments (green taxes, green tax reform and domestic emission trading) as well as other measures such as product policies, voluntary approaches and public awareness programmes. Unless OECD countries establish more effective frameworks for action now, achieving the Kyoto targets is likely to be costly and difficult.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280106
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands 1999
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280267
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policy; An Assessment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policy: An Assessment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les approches volontaires sont des dispositifs en vertu desquels des entreprises s'engagent à améliorer leurs performances environnementales. Ces approches comprennent des dispositions telles que les programmes volontaires publics, les accords négociés ou les engagements unilatéraux. Jusqu'à récemment, les approches volontaires avaient d'autant moins fait l'objet d'une analyse systématique que, contrairement aux taxes et aux permis négociables, elles ne sont pas issues de la théorie économique. Les approches volontaires ont été « Inventées » par ceux qui les façonnent et les appliquent : décideurs, associations professionnelles, entreprises individuelles, associations non gouvernementales, etc. L’utilisation des approches volontaires dans les politiques de l’environnement (par exemple, les accords négociés entre l’Etat et l’industrie) se répand et suscite un intérêt grandissant dans les pays de l’OCDE. Cet ouvrage présente une analyse systématique des différents types d’approches volontaires, de leurs caractéristiques économiques, ainsi que de leur rôle et de leur efficacité.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 32
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Luxembourg 1999
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire ; Le nouvel agenda social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire : Le nouvel agenda social
    DDC: 361.6/1 21
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: A new vision of the purpose of social policy is needed. Scaremongers present decision-makers as facing an overwhelming number of complex problems with more and more limited budgets. Society is indeed undergoing profound upheaval. Ageing populations are increasing pressure on the workforce. Changes in the labour market have hit low-skilled workers hard; the term "social exclusion" has entered the political lexicon, and policies can no longer be based on "traditional" family life. But social policy should not be presented as "papering over the cracks" in society caused by economic and demographic change. As knowledge plays an increasing role in generating wealth, empowering individuals to develop their potential is a central and essential part of economic policy. Indeed, economic and social policies are more intertwined than ever. This book paints a complete and accessible picture of the current situation and pinpoints how policies can be reformed. Social policy should aim to promote employment and healthy living, rather than just coping with joblessness and ill-health. Investing in children and families helps ensure that all can contribute fully to society. Innovations and experiments in new social policies to better equip individuals and families with the support they need in responding to change abound in OECD countries. Ministers from OECD countries have committed themselves to the ambitious task of creating just such a caring world.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9264173684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Series Statement: The OECD jobs strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Implementing the OECD jobs strategy
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi : Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Auslandsinvestition ; Südostasien
    Abstract: The financial crisis in Asia has brought to the fore the question of the appropriate policies for recovery and for future sustainable development. One area of particular importance is the treatment of foreign investors. Foreign direct investment has played a leading role in many of the economies of the region, particularly in export sectors, and has been a vital source of foreign capital during the crisis. The four countries reviewed in this study - Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand - have all tended to welcome inward investment for its contribution to exports but have often been less willing to open up the domestic market to such investors. This study discusses the role assigned to foreign firms in the development strategies of the four countries in the past and looks at how a more balanced approach to the treatment of foreign investors could contribute to a more sustainable development path in the future.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: Both firms, keen to improve their competitiveness, and governments, keen to exploit new sources of economic and social progress, need to understand how innovation works in order to better stimulate it. The paradox of innovation is that it uses co-operation to enhance competition and to link many different actors in innovative clusters. In a knowledge-based economy, these clusters of innovative firms form around sources of knowledge. They are based on a sophisticated infrastructure in which knowledge is developed, shared and exchanged, and are characterised by highly concentrated and effective links between entrepreneurs, investors and researchers. Clusters can take a variety of forms, depending on their main technological and commercial areas of specialisation. In most cases they operate within localised geographical areas and interact within larger innovation systems at the regional, national and international level. With globalisation, dynamic clusters are becoming key factors in a country’s capacity to attract the international investment that generates new technological expertise, to interest investors in innovation (venture capital, etc.) and to benefit from the international mobility of skilled personnel. This book reviews the latest economic research on these issues, shows how technology policy makers in OECD countries are making practical use of the concept of clusters and suggests how government policies to foster innovation might best be refocused.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280007
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade and Competition Policies for Tomorrow
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade
    Abstract: Les liens entre politique des échanges et politique de la concurrence suscitent un intérêt croissant depuis quelques années. En effet, avec la baisse des droits de douane, les négociateurs s’intéressent de plus en plus aux politiques intérieures sources de distorsions dans les échanges, ainsi qu'aux obstacles non gouvernementaux au commerce. En outre, la disparition des barrières officielles aux échanges et à l’investissement peut inciter les entreprises à adopter un comportement anticoncurrentiel pour protéger leurs marchés. D'où la nécessité de développer des politiques cohérentes. Parce qu'elles cherchent les unes comme les autres à améliorer l’allocation des ressources, politiques des échanges et politiques de la concurrence se complètent et se renforcent mutuellement. Les travaux rassemblés dans cet ouvrage sont issus du Groupe conjoint sur les échanges et la concurrence de l’OCDE. Ils examinent les relations et les complémentarités qui existent entre ces politiques à travers une approche multidisciplinaire typique de l’OCDE. Ce livre -- dont un chapitre entier est consacré au secteur des télécommunications -- jette sur toutes ces questions un éclairage inédit avant le nouveau cycle de négociations de l'OMC. Mais quelle que soit l'issue du sommet de Seattle, les problèmes soulevés dans cet ouvrage resteront d'actualité.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264173330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Irlande 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Ireland's development aid programmes. It finds that in 1999, Ireland marks the 25th anniversary of Irish Aid, its official aid programme. Over the last five years, the volume of Ireland’s official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 20 per cent a year in real terms, the most rapid growth by a Member of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Preliminary data indicate that Ireland’s development co-operation reached 0.30 per cent of GNP in 1998, nearly double its 1992 level, and is projected to reach 0.35 per cent in 1999. After six years of impressive growth in volume and improvement in quality, most of the increase in aid in 1999 is being used for debt relief measures, European Union contributions, emergency humanitarian assistance and support for refugees in Ireland, rather than for allocations for the long-term development programmes administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs. Political commitments on aid allocations undertaken by the Minister of Finance mean that increases in the Department of Foreign Affairs’ part of the programme are now expected in 2000 and 2001. Two main issues confront the Irish Aid programme: how best to grow and how best to manage that growth. These are clearly issues which Ireland needs to consider and resolve itself, but the Development Assistance Committee can draw on its collective experience to contribute to Ireland’s reflections on these issues. A starting point, from experience elsewhere, is that Irish Aid should maintain and enhance the focused nature of the programme which is now one of its major strengths.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273122
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills; A New Framework for Assessment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: A New Framework for Assessment
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les élèves sont-ils bien préparés aux défis de l'avenir ? Ont-ils acquis les compétences et les connaissances nécessaires pour devenir les citoyens de demain et continuer à se former tout au long de leur vie ? Parents, élèves et responsables des systèmes éducatifs se doivent de répondre à cette question. Les indicateurs internationaux permettent de saisir les niveaux d'études atteints par différents pays, montrant ainsi aux autres pays quels objectifs viser. Ils peuvent également aider à mieux orienter les efforts des établissements en matière d'enseignement ainsi que l'apprentissage des élèves, et permettent identifier les points forts et les faiblesses des programmes d'enseignement. Les 29 pays de l'OCDE ont lancé, de concert avec d'autres pays, le Programme international de l'OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) afin de développer de façon régulière de tels indicateurs. L'objectif de PISA est d'évaluer dans quelle mesure les élèves ont acquis, à l'approche de la fin de la scolarité obligatoire, les compétences et les connaissances essentielles pour jouer un rôle plein et actif dans la société. Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation, le premier volume de la collection d'ouvrages consacrés à PISA, présente le cadre conceptuel sur lequel repose le programme PISA 2000. Il définit les domaines de compréhension de l'écrit, de culture mathématique et de culture scientifique qui sont au cœur du programme, qu'il s'agisse des contenus que doivent acquérir les élèves, des processus qui doivent être mis en œuvre, ou du contexte dans lequel connaissances et compétences seront appliquées. Il décrit également les méthodes utilisées pour s'assurer que les processus d'évaluation sont valides dans tous les pays, mesurent efficacement les compétences les plus pertinentes, et s'appuient sur des situations de la vie réelle. Le Programme international de l'OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) PISA est un processus de collaboration réunissant les compétences scientifiques des pays participants, mené conjointement par leurs gouvernements sur la base de préoccupations communes concernant l'action des pouvoirs publics. PISA constitue un effort d'évaluation des compétences et des acquis sans précédent : - Un engagement à long terme, portant sur la prochaine décennie, et permettant aux pays de suivre en continu les progrès accomplis. Les prochains volumes à paraître dans cette collection se focaliseront sur les tests, ainsi que sur leurs résultats, qui seront publiés et mis à jour tous les trois ans. - Un groupe d'âge représentatif : l'évaluation des élèves âgés de 15 ans, juste avant la fin de la scolarité obligatoire, permet de dresser un tableau très significatif des performances des systèmes éducatifs. - Une approche centrée sur la littératie : savoirs, connaissances et compétences ne sont pas simplement évalués à la lumière des programmes scolaires mais au regard des acquis dont les jeunes sont susceptibles d'avoir besoin dans leur vie. - Une couverture mondiale : le programme porte sur 32 pays, soit 28 pays de l'OCDE, ainsi que le Brésil, la Chine et la Fédération de Russie et la Lettonie.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173996
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le prix de l'eau ; Les tendances dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le prix de l'eau : Les tendances dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Wasserpreis ; OECD
    Abstract: The price of water is a key determinant of both the economic efficiency and the environmental effectiveness of water services. This book reviews current practices and recent trends in water pricing practices for the household, agriculture, and industrial sectors in OECD countries. It addresses pricing issues related to the full range of water services, including public supplies, sewage treatment and disposal, abstraction and discharge fees, and cost recovery. It also outlines recent developments in institutional arrangements related to water pricing, and briefly considers questions concerning the affordability of water services and the responsiveness of water demands to changes in price levels. Its broad coverage of issues, sectors, and countries makes it a unique overview of trends in the water pricing field.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Entwicklung
    Abstract: Developing and transition economies are seeking to accelerate their development by liberalising trade and investment, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market place. However, in the wake of recent financial crises, concerns have been expressed that some countries might turn away from open trade and investment. In fact, most crisis-affected countries are continuing to liberalise trade and investment, which they see as part of the solution to the crisis, not the cause. This report reviews evidence of the benefits and challenges of trade and investment for development, drawing on experiences from economies in various parts of the world. Experience shows that open trade and investment have been beneficial for development, when accompanied by a coherent set of growth-oriented macroeconomic and structural policies, capacity-building, social policy and good governance. Further, countries like Korea and Mexico that have responded to economic crisis with liberalisation and structural reform have experienced positive results. All countries -- developed, developing and transition -- have a vital stake in a new Round of multilateral trade negotiations to prepare for the global economy of 21st century.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Ireland 1999
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Tertiary Education and Research in the Russian Federation 1999
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264273658
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Goods and Services Industry; Manual for Data Collection and Analysis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Goods and Services Industry: Manual for Data Collection and Analysis
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux connaît une croissance rapide à travers le monde. Cette croissance résulte de la nécessité de préserver l'environnement et de l'adoption par les gouvernements et les entreprises de stratégies durables sur le long terme. Pourtant, alors que cette industrie fournit aux entreprises et aux nations les produits et services indispensables pour relever les défis environnementaux, elle reste mal définie, mal classifiée et mal comprise.Ce manuel est le fruit des travaux conjoints de l'OCDE et d'Eurostat ; il vise à fournir une base solide pour établir des statistiques de l'industrie environnementale qui soient comparables. Il s'appuie sur l'expérience récemment acquise par les pays de l'OCDE dans l'élaboration de statistiques propres à rendre compte d'une industrie si diverse qu'elle échappe souvent aux systèmes de classification traditionnels.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultiver les aménités rurales ; Une perspective de développement économique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultiver les aménités rurales : Une perspective de développement économique
    DDC: 307.1/412
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Landschaftsschutzgebiet ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: The future of rural areas is high on the domestic and international policy agenda. Restructuring of the agricultural sector, and accompanying reform of agricultural policies, and the challenge of meeting sustainable development objectives are key preoccupations in OECD countries. In the search for forward-looking and durable policy strategies, building on natural and cultural amenities is emerging as an important area of policy action, one which complements traditional, agriculture-oriented rural policies and places rural policy in the broader territorial development arena. In most rural areas, the potential of many natural and cultural resources remains untapped. Harnessing such amenities, however, involves striking a balance between use and conservation. In many cases, maintenance of rural amenities depends on a degree of local economic activity -- without it there is a danger of degradation. At the same time, over-exploitation risks spoiling, often irreversibly, the essential value of the amenity. Because many natural and cultural features are public goods, with limited markets and hazy property rights, public policies are needed to strike the delicate balance between supply and demand.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et concurrence ; Quelles politiques pour demain ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et concurrence : Quelles politiques pour demain ?
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: The links between trade policy and competition policy have become more important in recent years. With tariff reductions, trade negotiators are looking increasingly at non-border policies that distort trade and at non-governmental barriers to trade. And, as official barriers to trade and investment fall, firms may have a greater incentive to engage in anti-competitive conduct to protect markets. Hence the need for coherent trade and competition policies. Trade and competition policies each seek to improve the allocation of resources; they complement and reinforce each other. These papers from the OECD Joint Group on Trade and competition examine aspects of those complementarities and relationships and in so doing draw on the OECD’s capacity to analyse questions in a multidisciplinary way. This book -- which includes a whole chapter on the telecommunications sector -- throws new light on all these issues in the lead up to the WTO's new round of negotiations. But whatever the outcome of Seattle, the questions raised in this volume will remain relevant.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272552
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Czech Republic 1999
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264174368
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Radionuklid ; Anwendung
    Abstract: Radioactive and stable isotopes are used throughout the world and in many sectors, including medicine, industry, agriculture and research. In many applications isotopes have no substitute, and in most others they are more effective and cheaper than alternative techniques or processes. This publication is the first international survey on the beneficial uses and production of isotopes. It provides an overview of their main uses, and detailed information on the facilities that produce them world-wide. Trends in isotope supply and demand are analysed, and the conclusions and recommendations presented point to key issues to be considered by governments.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264173609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Towards lifelong learning in Hungary
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Ungarn ; Bildungswesen ; Ungarn ; Berufsbildung
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Spain 1998
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique ; Une nouvelle politique publique de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique : Une nouvelle politique publique de développement
    DDC: 352.2/83/0972
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: This publication sheds light on the issue of decentralisation in Mexico. It shows that decentralisation can make decision-making more efficient and increase local participation in development issues. Decentralisation can provide a better framework to improve local infrastructure and to channel the necessary finance from public and private sources. The modernisation of infrastructure systems in Mexico's cities and regions would improve the quality of life and stimulate economic development, thus fostering entrepreneurship and employment. The initiatives being launched in Mexico in this direction constitute a major change of the country, one better adapted to the opportunities of the global economy and to the country's increasingly pluralistic system. Over time, Mexico will make better use of its own natural and human resources, reducing inequality and broadening opportunity throughout its territory.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264274471
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Decentralisation and Local Infrastructure in Mexico; A New Public Policy for Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Decentralisation and Local Infrastructure in Mexico: A New Public Policy for Development
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Quel impact la décentralisation peut-elle avoir sur l'environnement économique et social des régions rurales et urbaines du Mexique ? En quoi les fonds publics et privés investis dans les infrastructures locales peuvent-ils permettre de mieux répondre aux besoins locaux et promouvoir le développement économique ? Le développement à l'échelle locale peut-il aider à réduire les inégalités sociales et économiques ? Cette publication jette un jour nouveau sur la question de la décentralisation au Mexique. Elle montre que la décentralisation peut rendre les processus de décision plus efficaces et accroître la participation locale aux questions de développement. La décentralisation peut fournir un cadre plus favorable pour améliorer les infrastructures locales et drainer les ressources financières nécessaires, qu'elles soient publiques ou privées. Moderniser les réseaux d'infrastructure dans les villes et les régions mexicaines permettrait d' améliorer la qualité de vie et faciliterait le développement économique, stimulant par là même l'entreprenaiat et l'emploi. Grâce aux initiatives prises dans cette optique, le Mexique amorce un tournant majeur caractérisé par une plus grande adaptation à la mondialisation de l'économie et au pluralisme croissant du système mexicain. A terme, le Mexique tirera ainsi mieux parti de ses ressources naturelles et humaines, il réduira les inégalités tout en en accroissant les opportunités sur l'ensemble de son territoire.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272910
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Recherche en matière de transport routier et intermodal
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Safety Strategies for Rural Roads
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Plus de 75 000 personnes sont tuées chaque année sur les routes de rase campagne des pays de l'OCDE, ce qui représente près de 60 pour cent de l'ensemble des accidents mortels de la circulation. Ces pertes en vie humaine ont un coût économique de l'ordre de 135 milliards de dollars US. La proportion relative du nombre de tués sur les routes de campagne comparée au nombre total de tués dans les accidents de la circulation est passée de moins de 55 % en 1980 à plus de 60 % en 1996. Étant donné que les pays de l'OCDE ont connu une réduction du nombre total d'accidents mortels au cours des vingt dernières années, cela signifie clairement que les mesures de sécurité visant les autoroutes et les zones urbaines ont été bien plus fructueuses que celles visant les routes rurales. Après un examen approfondi des caractéristiques des accidents de la route en rase campagne, cet ouvrage propose une série de mesures de sécurité portant sur la gestion de l’infrastructure, les contrôles de police, les outils innovants, comme les systèmes de transport intelligents, ainsi que sur la gestion des traumatismes. Ce livre s'attache à faire prendre conscience aux usagers de la route, aux décideurs et aux hommes politiques de l'importance de la sécurité sur les routes en zone rurale. Il constitue un manuel très utile pour les autorités locale, régionale ou nationale, qui cherchent à améliorer -- souvent à faible coût -- la sécurité des routes de rase campagne.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264274488
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation of Cross-Border Portfolio Investment; Mutual Funds and Possible Tax Distortions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation of Cross-Border Portfolio Investment: Mutual Funds and Possible Tax Distortions
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Les dix dernières années ont été marquées par un gonflement sensible des flux transnationaux de capitaux et par un déplacement prononcé de leur composition au profit des investissements de portefeuille, une bonne partie de ces capitaux étant gérée par des organismes de placement collectif (OPC) résidant dans les pays de l'OCDE, ainsi que dans des zones off shore en régime d'exonération fiscale. Ces phénomènes incitent les pays à réexaminer et à contrôler le fonctionnement de leur réglementation fiscale dans ce domaine, notamment en ce qui concerne l'interaction des règles fiscales nationales avec les régimes et pratiques d'autres pays, afin de permettre aux pouvoirs publics de réaliser leurs objectifs. Cet ouvrage analyse l'imposition des investissements transnationaux de portefeuille par l'intermédiaire d'organismes de placement collectif. Il met en évidence d'éventuelles distorsions fiscales spécifiques au domaine des organismes de placement collectif dans le cas d'un groupe représentatif de pays de l'OCDE. Cette analyse et les calculs qui l'étayent se veulent avant tout illustratifs et ne prétendent pas rendre compte de toute la richesse des permutations possibles entre régimes fiscaux. Mais ils identifient clairement les principales distorsions fiscales, les conditions de neutralité et les solutions offertes aux pouvoirs publics.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264273672
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde ; Études de cas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde : Études de cas
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    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In many countries of the OECD business incubators have become an increasingly popular policy instrument for local economic and employment development. Business incubators aim to assist entrepreneurs with enterprise start-ups. Incubators are also being widely used to pursue related objectives such as the commercialisation of university research, providing infrastructure, upgrading the technological capabilities of local firms, and even affording a safe haven for legitimate entrepreneurship where crime is a constraint on business. As this publication makes clear, there is no unique business incubation model. Rather, there is considerable diversity in the types of business incubator, their modes of operation and the objectives they pursue.Interest in business incubation comes from a variety of sources. Local and regional governments, universities, chambers of commerce, science parks, private real-estate developers and non-profit organisations have all participated in establishing and running incubation programmes. However, this is still a young industry in many countries, and evaluation material is scarce. This publication reviews current experience in business incubation in Australia, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. Indeed, this volume is one of the first to treat the international experience of business incubation.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 1999
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lettonie
    Keywords: Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvia is a parliamentary republic first established on 18 November 1918, whose constitution (Satversme) was adopted on 15 February 1922. Its de facto sovereignty and independence ended with the USSR’s occupation as from 1940 and were restored by the Declaration of the Renewal of the Independence of the Republic of Latvia dated 4 May 1990 and the 21 August 1991 declaration re-establishing de facto independence, both of which proclaimed the authority of the Satversme. The Satversme was fully reinstated on 6 July 1993 when the parliament (Saeima) convened after the first democratic elections since the 1930s. On 17 June 1999, the 100-member Saeima cast 53 votes for Vaira Vike-Freiberga, who became the first woman to be elected president in the former Soviet Union.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264172081
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences économiques et sociales du commerce électronique ; Résultats préliminaires et programme de recherche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences économiques et sociales du commerce électronique : Résultats préliminaires et programme de recherche
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Though only three years old, electronic commerce over the Internet has the potential to transform the marketplace. E-commerce will change the way business is conducted. Traditional intermediary functions will be replaced, new products and markets will be developed, and new relationships will be created between business and consumers. It will alter the way work is organised and open new channels of knowledge diffusion and human interactivity in the workplace. Workers will need to be more flexible as their functions and skills are redefined. The changes e-commerce will bring are far-reaching. They require new frameworks for doing business and a re-examination of government policies relating to commerce and skills. What is electronic commerce? What is the current state and likely future direction of e-commerce? What are the drivers and what are the inhibitors? What is its impact on costs, prices, and ultimately on economic efficiency? How is it affecting intermediaries? How do firms compete in the electronic environment? What market structure is likely to emerge? What is the impact on jobs? What types of skills will be needed? What major societal transformations will it entail? The full impact of e-commerce remains to be seen. This book begins to address these questions and provides a ground-breaking assessment of the economic and social impacts of electronic commerce and its effects on jobs by drawing on existing qualitative and quantitative evidence. This early analysis of an extremely dynamic activity identifies a number of areas where research is urgently needed and serves as the basis for an informed policy debate.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A basic feature of development dynamics is the reallocation of labour from low– productivity to higher–productivity activities (generally more capital–intensive and also often more skill–intensive). The expansion of skilled labour supply that accompanies rising per capita incomes is both cause and effect of this shift in skills demand. Over long periods, if skills supply and demand grow apace, skill premia would show little secular change; over shorter periods, however, inevitable lags may show up as growing or shrinking premia. A policy reform like trade liberalisation can accelerate structural change in an economy, causing an exogenous shift in relative factor demands. For some developing countries, the result may be an increase in skills demand associated with the adoption of newly available foreign technology and lower cost imported capital goods. This demand shift may be permanent or only temporary, but in either case the skills supply should eventually increase in response to ...
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La publicité et le marketing en ligne visant les enfants
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: OECD Committee on Consumer Policy Forum Session on Online Advertising and Marketing Directed toward Children, intended to provide information on how OECD Member countries are dealing with issues related to children and the Internet.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le projet d'école 2001 à Pendao, au Portugal
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: This article is an extract from a presentation made by Isabel Mendinhos to the PEB Steering Committee in June 1999. The project she describes, School 2001, concerns a school for lower secondary education, School E.B. 2,3 Professor Galopin de Carvalho in Pendao, Portugal where she teaches. A new school, based on a innovative project and eagerly awaited by the school community, is soon to be constructed. This provided the ideal moment to reflect on and plan for multimedia and computer equipment, networking and the needs of a disadvantaged student population and to improve a deprived environment.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'attribution du prix de la construction scolaire aux Pays-Bas
    Keywords: Education ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The School Building Prize has been awarded every two years since 1992 to Dutch school boards that have proved able to embrace new directions in school building design while keeping within their available budget. The Prize, which has drawn acclaim for the development of high quality educational architecture in the Netherlands, provides publicity for successful projects so that other schools can benefit from the designs and information. The 1998 School Building Prize was awarded to the British School in The Hague, an elementary and junior secondary school.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Study Support in Extra Time in the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Le Royaume-Uni a lancé au printemps 1999 un grand projet pour accroître l’utilisation des bâtiments scolaires. Les bonnes écoles des secteurs public et privé ont toujours offert des activités récréatives et scolaires en dehors des heures de classe. Le gouvernement a décidé maintenant d’investir 200 millions de livres sterling provenant de la Loterie nationale pour permettre aux écoles des zones défavorisées dont les élèves ont de faibles résultats scolaires de développer ce type d’initiatives.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264274440
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les stratégies des pouvoirs publics pour faire face au changement climatique doivent inclure des partenariats pour une coopération technologique, des partenariats avec les collectivités locales et des stratégies de communication. Ces thèmes se sont dégagés de la réunion de 1997 du Forum de l'OCDE sur le changement climatique. L'ouverture du Forum à des représentants des milieux financiers, des compagnies d'assurances et du secteur des entreprises "vertes", ainsi qu'aux autorités locales, aux organisations non gouvernementales de protection de l'environnement et à des experts des pays en développement, a permis un renouveau de la réflexion à l'approche de la conférence de Kyoto et de la troisième Conférence des Parties. Cet ouvrage propose un choix d'exposés présentés à la réunion et le rapport du rapporteur. Il permet de mieux cerner le rôle des pouvoirs publics et donne ainsi une première analyse des meilleurs moyens d'obtenir une mobilisation mondiale pour faire face au changement climatique.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9264173625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Asia and the global crisis
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Währungskrise ; Industrie
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9264174125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The local dimension of welfare to work
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    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.154
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Technical Paper analyses the main policy issues raised by regulatory reform in air transport in sub–Saharan Africa. Its basic premise is that improving air infrastructure is of paramount importance for the region as it tries to integrate more thoroughly into the world economy. On the basis of the experience of OECD countries with privatisation, liberalisation, and regulatory design, the author analyses progress being made in sub– Saharan Africa and identifies three important case studies: the restructuring of the regional airline of Francophone Western Africa, the sell–off of the state–owned airline of Kenya, and the overall reform process in South Africa, by far the largest market in the sub–continent. The analysis highlights the importance of regional dynamics in the upgrading of the air transport industry in developing and emerging areas. Sub–Saharan Africa has made smaller progress in this respect than, for instance, Central America. As the start of the Millenium Round and ...
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The social sciences at a turning point?
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Politikberatung
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9264172580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Bd. 1 - 3
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental requirements for industrial permitting
    Keywords: OECD ; Industrie ; Konzession ; Umwelt
    Note: Erschienen Bd. 1 - 3
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264180031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.108
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quels marchés pour les transports par voies navigables ?
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Despite the fact that the freight transport market in Europe almost doubled in volume over the period 1970 to 1995, growth in the inland waterway sector has remained stagnant. Until now the waterways have primarily been used to transport goods produced by sectors that have been hard hit by industrial restructuring. However, the past does not necessarily hold the key to the future. Waterways can be readily incorporated into logistics chains in which regular supply streams and low transport costs are more important than speed. The transportation of hazardous materials and container transport also offer promising markets. The Round Table identified a number of policy measures which could help to promote development in the inland waterways sector (discontinuation of scrapping policies, support for the grouping of enterprises and the creation of co-operatives, incentives for private-sector investment). Reading the proceedings of this Round Table offers an opportunity to look at the inland waterways in a wholly new light which shows that there is a genuine future for this mode provided that operators are prepared to become entrepreneurs.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM ; Faits, défis et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM : Faits, défis et politiques
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: The launch of the euro reinforces the foundations for unprecedented economic integration encompassing 11 countries, 16 per cent of world GDP and 290 million people. For the first time, the OECD has studied the euro-area as a fully-fledged economic entity and has analysed the intensive preparations that led to the single currency, as well as the economic issues raised by its introduction. Despite the macroeconomic convergence already achieved and the institutional framework that has been established, the fact is that many uncertainties remain. An approach to co-ordinating monetary and budgetary policies that is up to the issues at stake has still to be fully defined. And the euro area's ability to absorb economic shocks must be assessed and strengthened. In this respect it is vital for labour markets to become more flexible and adaptable if they are to compensate for the loss of national monetary autonomy which EMU implies and if adjustment is not to be at the expense of jobs. A special chapter discusses the obstacles to geographic labour mobility and the rigidity of wage setting mechanisms. These are some of the challenges that must be faced in the years to come, and this study discusses them in the light of the most penetrating and informative analysis today’s economists can provide. It does not prescribe set remedies, but drawing on analyses and figures never published before, attempts to identify the best policies for ensuring the success of the monetary union. This is a complex study that takes a hard look at the issues and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to understand the economic mechanisms at work.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.155
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The paper analyses economic and political causes as well as outcomes of the sudden reversal of Indian economic policies in 1991–93, after four decades of autarky and interventionism. It argues that a changing political landscape and the emergence of new interest groups, coupled with a severe balance–of–payments crisis, left little choice to the governing party but to break with the legacy of a patrimonial state. More competition, at political and economic levels, forced the hand of politicians to remove direct quantitative controls on industrial production, imports and access to capital. These reforms remained, however, partial and did not fundamentally change the politico–economic equation. Systemic opposition to reform remained strong enough to capture or neutralise some of the gains of liberalisation. Thus, the reform movement faltered and eventually ceased ...
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.213
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper, we present estimates of the mark-up of product price over marginal costs for the US manufacturing industries over the 1970-1992 period. The paper extends the analysis used in previous studies based on nominal productivity residuals by considering intermediate inputs and cyclical fluctuations of price margins. The estimated steady-state mark-ups are positive but moderate, generally in the range of 10-20 per cent. The results also support the hypothesis of countercyclical price margins in most manufacturing industries, especially in the presence of downward rigidities of labour inputs. This offers an appealing interpretation of the otherwise puzzling procyclicality of real wages and enables to better estimate TFP. We also discuss the role of market structures on the levels and cyclicality of mark-ups. Finally, we compare the results for the United States with those of the other G-5 countries and distinguish between fragmented and segmented industries. The latter ...
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1999/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mondialisation des industries dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The most highly internationalised industries are thought to be more competitive than the rest, since their high exposure to international competition forces them to strive constantly to become more efficient and they are in a position to take advantage of all the opportunities that arise in world markets. But to determine whether this is in fact the case, each country’s industries must first be classified in terms of their degree of globalisation. This report proposes a method for classifying each country’s manufacturing industries by their extent of globalisation, using a set of indicators. The results obtained show that the degree of globalisation is more closely linked to the characteristics of industrial sectors than to the country’s specialisation. These results could be improved significantly if some of the proposed indicators were available ...
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les équipements éducatifs en Corée
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A programme is currently underway in Korea to modernise and equip school buildings in order to better meet today’s teaching needs.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 107 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.202
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the main determinants of the decision to retire from the labour market in OECD countries, and in particular the role of social security systems in driving down the labour-force participation rate of older people in recent decades. It demonstrates that old-age pension systems in virtually all OECD countries in the mid-1990s made it financially unattractive to work after the age of 55, and the implicit tax on continued work has risen strongly since the 1960s in most countries. Financial disincentives to continued work have been amplified by various de facto early-retirement programmes, including unemployment-related and disability schemes. Pooled cross-country time-series regressions show that increased disincentives to work at older ages have contributed significantly to the drop in labour-force participation rates of older males, but also demonstrate that the deterioration of labourmarket conditions in many countries has played a significant role as well ...
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  • 75
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Innovative School in Torcy, France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: Le collège de Torcy se trouve dans la ville nouvelle de Marne la Vallée, en banlieue parisienne, pris entre l’autoroute et un site de campagne sans intérêt particulier. Le site domine un petit plan d’eau à la limite de la ville. Une attention particulière a été accordée au contexte géographique et à l’environnement dans ses diverses dimensions, de l’intégration du bâtiment au paysage à la conception des espaces intérieurs de l’établissement. Ce souci de l’environnement s’accompagne d’une attention particulière portée à la qualité de la mise en œuvre et au souci de la finition.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.44
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This second edition of the Global Action Plan for Electronic Commerce published by the Alliance for Global Business (AGB) reflects a number of developments in the global discussions about electronic commerce since the first Global Action Plan was submitted on behalf of business to the OECD Ministerial in Ottawa, Canada, in October 1998.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264173804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Turquie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Turquie 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: This review of Turkey's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 78
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade: Complements or Substitutes?
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The relationships between trade and foreign investment (FDI) are at the core of globalisation. Analytical work has recently been developed by OECD in order to explore the nature of these links in quantitative terms. This report combines the previous more technical work developed over the last three years. This empirical work revealed the complexity of these links but, at the same time, showed the main and positive influence of foreign direct investment on international trade particularly after the mid–1980s. Empirical results show that foreign direct investment abroad stimulates the growth of exports from countries of origin and consequently this investment is complementary to trade ...
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lituanie
    Keywords: Governance ; Lithuania
    Abstract: On 11 March 1990, the Supreme Council adopted the Provisional Basic Law of the Republic of Lithuania, which was viewed as the constitution, thereby suspending the former constitution of 12 May 1938. However, the Provisional Basic Law was only a constitutional Act of a transitional character; it did not change the structure of state power, and not all of the institutions characteristic of a democratic state were re-established. The Provisional Basic Law remained in force until the autumn of 1992. On 25 October 1992 citizens voted in a referendum to approve the constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, which re-established all the traditional state institutions, i.e. the Seimas, the presidency, the government, and the judiciary. In addition, the constitution introduced some new institutions to support the democratic functioning of the state, including the constitutional court, the ombudsman, and the state control department. The constitutional court’s status and procedures for executing its powers are established by the Law on the Constitutional Court of Lithuania, which the parliament adopted on 3 February 1993. The constitution also introduced the principle of independence for local governments.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor Based Plutonium Disposition (1998 : Paris) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Plutonium ; Mischoxide ; Kernbrennstoff
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Québec : contrat de performance énergétique dans le milieu scolaire - Nouvelles règles du jeu
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: This article takes a brief look at the new rules covering energy performance contracts for Quebec school boards. It discusses the following questions: the school boards’ educational buildings; the school boards’ energy performance; regulations with regard to the awarding of contracts in the public and quasi-public sectors; the new rules for awarding energy performance contracts in education.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264074187
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents for the first time detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the industrial sectors of the OECD economies. In an era of globalisation, these data highlight the increasing importance of multinationals in the economies of host countries, particularly in production, employment, value added, research and exports. The data also show that multinationals make a positive contribution to the economic development of host countries: productivity levels are well above those of national firms; salaries are generally higher; and numbers of employees are growing faster than those of national firms. The R&D efforts and technology transfers of multinationals strengthen the innovation capacity and competitiveness of host countries.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 96 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.151
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Technical Paper reports on a body of research conducted for the OECD Development Centre by Donald J. Robbins. It examines the patterns and determinants of rapidly rising educational attainment in six Latin American countries — Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Uruguay — all of which illustrate the sweeping transformations in growth, demographics and education now occurring in much of the world. It finds that rising per capita output, through a mechanism which induces women to join the labour force and interacts with falling family size, acts as the key factor leading to mounting educational achievement. This in fact highlights the role of women in basic household microeconomic decisions with powerful economic and social effects — decisions about female labour-force participation and family shifts from notions of “quantity” (large families) to those of “quality” (fewer children, with more investment in health and education). It carries important implications ...
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des fonds de pension : Leçons d'Amérique Latine
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • There are benefits from Latin American pension reform, but they have been overestimated. • The approaches taken in second-generation reforms and their still early results hold lessons for OECD and non-OECD countries alike. • A partial shift to funding is feasible and can be financed in different ways; partial funding of pensions can lead to greater risk diversification. • High administrative costs and uniformity of investment portfolios make the new systems inefficient; pension regulation has to be designed and implemented to lessen these negative effects.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264273160
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy; The Next Fifty Years
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy: The Next Fifty Years
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Les combustibles fossiles vont-ils rester longtemps la source d'énergie prédominante ? L'énergie nucléaire a-t-elle un avenir ? Quelles technologies énergétiques se profilent à l'horizon ? Quelles sont les implications du rôle grandissant joué par les pays en développement en tant que producteurs et consommateurs d'énergie ? Comment évitera-t-on à l’avenir les crises énergétiques internationales ? Quelle influence la société de l'information aura-t-elle sur les modes de production et de consommation d'énergie ? Enfin, quelles conséquences les accords internationaux de protection de l'environnement destinés à assurer un avenir énergétique durable auront-ils à long terme ? Les efforts tendant à assurer des ressources énergétiques durables entrent aujourd’hui dans une phase décisive. A l'horizon 2050, le paysage énergétique pourrait être complètement bouleversé. On disposera d’une palette de sources d'énergie classiques et nouvelles très diversifiée. Les systèmes de transport, le logement et les autres infrastructures atteindront sans doute des niveaux sans précédent d'efficacité énergétique. Et les populations pourront enfin bénéficier de modes de vie respectueux de l'environnement. Des décennies seront toutefois nécessaires pour parvenir à une utilisation durable de l'énergie. Cet ouvrage passe en revue les choix qui façonneront la scène énergétique au cours des cinquante prochaines années et analyse certaines des questions clés -- d'ordre économique, social, technologique ou écologique -- auxquelles les décideurs publics et privés doivent s'attaquer sans tarder.
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  • 86
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1999/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Austria's Training Firms
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: L’Autriche s’enorgueillit d’être le premier pays à avoir obligé les élèves des écoles secondaires de commerce et de gestion à s’exercer dans une entreprise de formation. Dans les autres établissements secondaires et post-secondaires de formation professionnelle, l’entreprise de formation peut être choisie en option supplémentaire.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi ; Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: High and persistent unemployment remains a major economic and social problem for many OECD countries. Currently, some 35 million persons are unemployed across the area and many others are so discouraged that they are not even looking for a job. There is also increasing concern about precarious jobs and in-work poverty in some countries. The OECD Jobs Strategy was launched five years ago in response to these problems. And it works: the available empirical evidence shows that its continued and comprehensive implementation leads to durably lower unemployment and higher employment. What lies behind the disparities in levels and trends of unemployment rates across countries? Why have some countries outperformed others in terms of successfully cutting unemployment? Why do some groups in society - the young, older workers, the low-skilled - have difficulty finding and keeping rewarding jobs in many countries? Should the rise in temporary and part-time jobs be welcomed or resisted? This publication reviews these issues in light of countries’ experience in implementing The OECD Jobs Strategy. It puts the spotlight on groups at the margin of the labour market, and looks at the policies required to better integrate them.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, issues in fiscal federalism feature prominently in the political debate. Policy discussions in this area should preferably be supported by internationally comparable statistical information on fiscal relations between levels of government, both in the areas of taxation and spending. The annual OECD Revenue Statistics publication reports tax revenues by sub-sector of general government. However, it does not indicate the degree of control state and local governments exercise over their tax revenues. Because such data are not available on an internationally comparable level from other sources, the OECD has developed a framework to assess and analyze the degree of control that sub-central governments have over their taxes. Results shown in this book serve to illustrate the great variety in tax autonomy at the level of sub-central government. This volume contains a description of fiscal relations in most of the nineteen countries concerned and it provides a set of detailed tables for each country, with revenues split by 1) level of sub-central government; 2) OECD classification of taxes; and 3) category of tax autonomy, following the framework developed by the Working Party on Tax Policy Analysis and Tax Statistics.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The once booming dynamic economies in Asia were drawn into a whirlpool of business failures and economic devastation following the flotation of the Thai baht in July 1997, and the consequent collapse of asset prices and currency depreciations in several East Asian countries. High growth in these emerging market economies had masked important structural weaknesses that eventually triggered the economic slump now referred to as the Asia Crisis. To address the structural measures needed to restore sustained economic growth and stability in the crisis-affected countries, this book brings forth analyses and recommendations on the crisis from internationally respected economists and policy makers and the OECD. Overall, experts conclude that, to deal with the crisis and alleviate social distress, structural reforms of government, business and the financial sector must be undertaken rapidly. Such reforms must be established with a long-term view to protect these and other countries from future crises. Economic recovery in Asia is a high priority for the OECD. As an international organisation with experience across a broad range of structural issues, it is a unique forum for the exchange of views on national experiences with policy reforms and possible improvements in the functioning of financial markets. In November 1998, the OECD's Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (CCNM) held the symposium that led to this publication. Experts from OECD Member and non-member economies attended the symposium. This publication assembles their contributions and provides insight into the possible role of the OECD in promoting economic recovery in the region.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264173859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: The optimisation of the nuclear fuel cycle is a key issue for the sustainability of nuclear energy. This book presents the papers from a workshop which investigated alternative nuclear energy futures, with emphasis on back-end of the fuel cycle options that could enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy in the long term, to 2050 and beyond. The papers lay out the conditions that need to be fulfilled for nuclear energy to remain a viable option and highlight the technological and strategic developments underway to address those issues. Subjects covered include natural resource management, radioactive waste minimisation, cost reduction and proliferation resistance aspects of alternative reactor and fuel cycle technologies.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion stratégique des biens en capital des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Universities and other tertiary institutions maintain buildings, sites and communications infrastructure worth many millions of dollars. A more strategic approach to asset management is essential for success in a new environment, where tertiary education is becoming increasingly competitive, direct public funding is being cut back and technology and globalisation are bringing new challenges. What impact will new information technology have on space requirements? What steps can institutional managers take to manage risks in rapidly-changing circumstances? In what ways is the role of facilities managers changing, and what skills and tools will be required for them to do their job more effectively in the future? This book provides some answers to these questions and shows how the resources invested in facilities can be made to work more efficiently in the pursuit of institutional objectives. It is based on the proceedings of an international workshop that examined current trends in tertiary education policy: a more open market, student-centredness and user choice, lifelong learning and the blurring of sectoral differences.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264467286
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 1999
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.150
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In this study, we analyse extended periods of growth in Africa based on panel estimations from 27 African countries during the 1960-1996 period. Only a dozen of such rapid growth episodes are observable in Africa since 1960, and several of them eventually came to an end. We use all existing information on macroeconomic performance in Africa in a comparative manner, in order to assess the sustainability of current growth episodes. Our main conclusion is that sustainable growth needs to be based on a balanced mix of capital accumulation, macroeconomic adjustment and structural change. In addition to more commonly used determinants of Total Factor Productivity, we construct a measure for the effect of labour reallocation as well as an index of economic diversification and estimate the impact of the latter on long-term growth. We also build an analysis of investment behaviour, which is influenced by Total Factor Productivity gains, while influencing economic growth directly through ...
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.45
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper reports initial results from a Secretariat survey of recent unilateral liberalisation and facilitation measures relevant to the growth of Internet-based electronic commerce that have been undertaken by Governments in both OECD and non-OECD member economies.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.145
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: We assess the prospects for growth of African economies up to the year 2010 by modelling structural and policy determinants of growth, under different scenarios for changes in the exogenous factors and economic policies which shape the projections. To this end we estimate a growth model for 39 African economies, during seven five-year periods from 1960 through 1995. The model emphasises two engines of growth: i) investment and ii) growth of exports. Using a composite indicator of “emerging economies” iiset up on the basis of the economic performance, quality of policies and political stability of African countries ppwe identify 14 African economies that stand better chances to achieve a lasting improvement in their policies and growth performance in the years ahead. These “emerging economies” can be mostly found in the Southern-Eastern and the Western parts of Africa. Our growth simulations involve two policy scenarios: a baseline scenario which extends policy trends observed ...
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Construction des écoles et décentralisation au Mexique
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: The Administrative Board of the Federal School Construction Programme (CAPFCE) has been in existence for 54 years, but it was only in 1977 that initial efforts were made to transfer responsibility for educational building to the administrations of the 32 states of Mexico. The CAPFCE is now a body that sets standards, exercises technical supervision and provides financial assistance.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.215
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: Without further reforms, pay-as-you-go pension systems throughout most of continental Europe face unsustainable financial imbalances as their population ages. Though this paper describes the Greek pension system, which will face especially severe financial strains, it sheds light on the pension problems of other continental European countries, as these countries’ systems share many common features. The main focus of the paper is on the factors of the Greek pay-as-you-go system which result in its future unsustainability. Exacerbating the deteriorating demographics, the system is characterised by very generous pensions relative to contributions for the pre-1993 generation of workers, as well as other incentives/provisions to retire early. To highlight these facets, the study provides simulations of the generosity of different categories of individual pensions under different scenarios as well as projections of aggregate pension expenditures and revenues. It concludes with options ...
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