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  • Online Resource  (56)
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  • 2000-2004  (56)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Policy and Voluntary Initiatives : What Roles Have Governments Played? (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/04
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Government involvement in “voluntary” initiatives for corporate responsibility has been extensive. This chapter reviews four main types of involvement -- legal and regulatory incentives, tax expenditures on the NGO sector, contributions to compliance expertise and moral suasion. The most influential government measures have been closely co-ordinated with broader public strategy, especially in relation to regulatory reform. Many of the private initiatives studied here are closely related to the legal and regulatory environments from which they emerge. Indeed, in some instances, these initiatives are so clearly a response to legal and regulatory incentives, that they could almost be called the extension or reflection into private management practices of public law and regulation. As a result, it is often difficult to analyse the impact or effectiveness of these initiatives independently of the legal and regulatory framework from which they emerge -- the two form an interdependent ...
    DOI: 10.1787/618786830625
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corporate Responsibility : Results of a Fact-Finding Mission on Private Initiatives (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In the ongoing public debate on globalisation, concerns have been expressed about the economic, social and environmental impacts of deepening international trade and investment ties and about the activities of the multinational enterprises. These concerns focus on a variety of issues including labour relations, human rights, environment, corruption, control of technology and consumer protection. The high profile of this debate means that most multinational enterprises now pay close attention to public perceptions of their activities in the societies in which they operate. Globalisation has also brought with it additional management challenges for firms in area that has come to be called “legal compliance”. Multinational enterprise are often present in dozens of jurisdictions covering many legal and regulatory areas. These companies need to keep themselves informed about the regulations affecting them and must take steps to ensure that they comply with law and regulation. Compliance ...
    DOI: 10.1787/701174424371
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Private Initiatives for Corporate Responsibility : An Analysis (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Voluntary initiatives in the area of corporate responsibility have been among the major trends in international business in recent years. Business surveys show that most large OECD-based multinational enterprises have participated in this trend in one way or another. These initiatives involve, first, the issuance of codes of corporate conduct setting forth commitments in such areas as labour relations, environmental management, human rights, consumer protection, disclosure and fighting corruption. These codes are often backed up by management systems that help firms respect their commitments in their dayto- day operations. More recent developments include work on management, reporting and auditing standards and of the emergence of supporting institutions (e.g. professional societies, consulting and auditing services). This paper analyses the results of a fact-finding project on business approaches to corporate responsibility ...
    DOI: 10.1787/816826411085
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Codes of Corporate Conduct Work : Management Control Systems and Corporate Responsibility (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/03
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Many companies have implemented programmes that help them to respond to societal concerns about the economic, social and environmental impacts of their activities. These help them to manage their compliance with legal or regulatory requirements and their response to “softer” forms of social control of business. These voluntary initiatives by companies have included public statements -- codes of conduct --in which they commit to behavioural norms in a variety of areas of business ethics (e.g. environment, anti-corruption, etc.). Some companies have backed these up with management systems designed to help them respect their commitments. Indeed, codes of conduct often represent just the first step in a process of improving management processes in support of legal and ethical compliance. Subsequent steps include the implementation of systems of management control designed to promote compliance. These systems typically employ a range of tools including accounting and record keeping ...
    DOI: 10.1787/525708844763
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs : Realising the Benefits of Globalisation and the Knowledge-based Economy (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The first OECD Conference on Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs in 1997 highlighted their contribution to innovation and job creation. Since that time, women’s entrepreneurship has been burgeoning. Women entrepreneurs constitute a growing share of SME owners, with higher than average start-up rates in several OECD Member and non-member countries. Eliminating obstacles to the creation and development of firms by women and creating a level playing field for women business owners is vital for a thriving entrepreneurial sector and important for national growth strategies. Women business owners are creating new niches for entrepreneurial activity and have the potential to become key players in the new, knowledge-based economy. However, they must adapt to profound changes in the way small enterprises do business, both locally and at the global level. The 2000 Conference aimed at finding ways to help women-owned SMEs seize the opportunities offered by globalisation, ICTs, changes in firm organisation, the increasing importance of the service sector, and other current developments. Cette publication est tirée de la conférence de l'OCDE sur « Les femmes entrepreneurs à la tête de PME : pour une participation dynamique à la mondialisation et à l'économie fondée sur le savoir ». Les lecteurs de langue française y trouveront une synthèse en français des présentations, discussions et conclusions de la conférence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193239-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Lituanie 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264294899
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Lithuania 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Depuis qu’elle a recouvré son indépendance, en 1990, la Lituanie a connu une transformation économique remarquable. Dès la fin de 2000, ce processus avait été grandement stimulé par un apport de quelque 2.3 milliards de dollars d’IDE en provenance des pays européens, des Etats-Unis et des pays voisins. L’IDE a contribué aux investissements nouveaux, aux fusions-acquisitions et à la privatisation des entreprises d’Etat. La mise en place de conditions propices à l’IDE a été un élément central de la stratégie économique de la Lituanie, et à l’heure actuelle il subsiste relativement peu de restrictions dans ce domaine. L’IDE a été également encouragé par la perspective de l’entrée de la Lituanie dans l’UE et par son adhésion à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, le 31 mai 2001. Parmi les grands chantiers en cours, on peut citer l’achèvement rapide des privatisations, la poursuite de la libéralisation et l’ouverture à la concurrence étrangère. Une priorité absolue est accordée au règlement des problèmes d’application découlant de la refonte de l’ancien régime réglementaire. Le 26 juillet 2001, la Lituanie a été admise à adhérer à la Déclaration de l’OCDE sur l’investissement international et les entreprises multinationales. Cela contribuera sans aucun doute à consolider ses avancées et à développer ses relations économiques avec les pays de l’OCDE et les autres adhérents à la Déclaration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264294899-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing and Income : Financial Resources and Retirement in 9 OECD Countries (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vieillissement et revenus ; Les ressources des retraités dans 9 pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 332.024/0565
    RVK:
    QX 400
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This landmark study of the material well-being of older people in nine OECD countries -- Canada, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States -- uses a wealth of new data to shed light on the challenges that face policy-makers as they anticipate the coming retirement of the baby-boom generation. The findings are often surprising. In all the countries surveyed, policies have been fundamentally successful: older people at all income levels tend to maintain or even increase their material standards of living once they stop working. This happens despite large differences in approaches to public policy, including the size of public pensions. The systems that provide resources to older people are considerably more complex than is usually taken into account in policy-making, and the effects of policy, while large, are less direct than often thought. Demography and changing labour market patterns make reforms to these systems imperative. The challenge is to make needed changes without undermining past success. This is difficult, but entirely possible; the payoffs from relatively small changes in the balance between work and retirement could be particularly large. The study examines the many diverse ways in which the nine countries are tackling this challenge and the lessons that have been learned from their experiences. It provides invaluable evidence for policy-makers, researchers and citizens concerned about the challenges posed for societies by ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195592-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Estonie 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264294950
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Estonia 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Estonia
    Abstract: Depuis qu’elle a recouvré son indépendance, en 1991, l’Estonie a connu une remarquable transformation économique. Fin 2000, elle avait reçu environ 2.65 milliards de dollars d’IDE en provenance des pays européens et des Etats-Unis, et investi quelque 443 millions de dollars dans les autres pays baltes. L’IDE a financé des investissements nouveaux, des fusions-acquisitions et la privatisation d’entreprises d’Etat. L’instauration de conditions propices à l’IDE et l’ouverture aux échanges sont les éléments clés de la stratégie économique de l’Estonie. L’Estonie a été incluse dans le premier cercle des pays candidats à l’entrée dans l’UE, et a adhéré à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce le 13 novembre 2001. La refonte de l’ancien régime et la privatisation sont pratiquement achevées, et les autorités s’efforcent tout particulièrement de réduire la bureaucratie et d’améliorer encore la réglementation. Il subsiste très peu de restrictions à l’encontre de l’IDE. L’Estonie doit maintenant relever le défi de la concurrence et rattraper les nations plus prospères. Le 26 juillet 2001, l’Estonie a été admise à adhérer à la Déclaration de l’OCDE sur l’investissement international et les entreprises multinationales. Cela contribuera sans aucun doute à consolider les avancées récentes de l’Estonie et à développer encore ses relations économiques avec les pays de l’OCDE et les autres adhérents à la Déclaration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264294950-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : La République tchèque 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288690
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Czech Republic 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La République tchèque a abordé le processus de transition avec un héritage solide en matière industrielle ainsi qu’une infrastructure considérable bien qu’obsolète résultant de plus de 40 ans de planification centralisée. Tout au long des années 1990, les vastes réformes entreprises ont contribué à réintégrer la République tchèque dans l’économie mondiale au moyen de mesures telles que la privatisation et l’instauration d’un climat libéral favorable à l’investissement, qui a d’ailleurs permis un gonflement de l’IDE, ces dernières années notamment. La République tchèque est devenue Membre de l’OCDE en 1995. Le gouvernement tchèque affiche sa volonté de poursuivre les restructurations industrielles nécessaires. Il entend également achever le processus de privatisation qui a joué un rôle essentiel dans la transformation de l’économie du pays et contribué à attirer l’IDE. Ce processus étant pratiquement achevé, la République tchèque devra à l’avenir préserver ces flux d’IDE en favorisant les nouveaux projets d’implantations et de réinvestissements et en améliorant les relations en amont de ces investissements avec les entreprises nationales. Cet examen retrace l’évolution de l’IDE en République tchèque et évalue son rôle dans le processus de transition, en mesurant l’ouverture de l’économie aux investisseurs directs étrangers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288690-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD 2000 Private Pensions Conference (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (452 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This conference proceedings examines private pension reform in OECD countries, covering regulatory and supervisory issues, benefits, and system structure and coverage.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192669-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001 : Travel version (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192218
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2001 ; Édition de poche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001; Travel version (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The 2001 edition of Transfer Pricing Guidelines was substantially revised in July 2010. See the current edition . This compact version of Transfer Pricing Guidelines provides the complete and current text of the OECD pricing guidelines accepted by member countries and to be used by multinational enterprises when transferring goods and services across boundaries and within the same group of companies. They maintain the arm's length principle of treating related entreprises within a multinational group and affirm traditional transaction methods as the prefered way of implementing the principle. These controversial issues are not just of interest to tax experts. National tax administrations, taxpayers, and businessmen alike all have a share in avoiding conflicting tax rules which might seriously hamper the development of world trade. These guidelines have also been published in a loose leaf version.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192218-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water Management and Investment in the New Independent States (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.610947
    RVK:
    QT 600
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Konferenzschrift ; Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Almaty ; Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Almaty
    Abstract: In the former Soviet Union, extensive networks were constructed to supply urban populations with clean, safe water. However, the networks were not well designed and this resulted in low quality water services and high operation and maintenance costs. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the condition of water infrastructure deteriorated more dramatically following sharp decreases in public budgets and the continued tradition of providing water services virtually free of charge. Without urgent action, the quality of services will continue to worsen and, in some of the New Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union, may even collapse, with serious consequences for human health and economic activity. This volume analyses the causes underlying this dire situation and presents recommendations for addressing it which were adopted at a meeting of Economic/Finance and Environment Ministers held in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in October 2000. The meeting was organized within the framework of the EAP Task Force, with its Secretariat at OECD, and involved key stakeholders from the governmental and non-governmental sectors. The EAP Task Force will implement a focused programme of work guided by the main recommendations agreed by participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193253-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies : Focus on South Eastern Europe - Proceedings of OECD Expert Meeting, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Slovenia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südosteuropa ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Kreditgenossenschaft ; Südosteuropa ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Kreditgenossenschaft
    Abstract: - What has been achieved in rural finance and institutional reform during more than a decade of transition and what challenges remain? - What are the special needs of South Eastern European countries to attract agricultural credit and finance to their troubled agro-food sectors? - What should be the role of governments to facilitate the development of sustainable rural finance and credit systems? - How should the banking sector innovate to respond to significant transformations in farm ownership and production structure? - What are the advantages and perspectives of rural credit co-operatives? - What is the role of trade and manufacturer credit? - Can micro-finance be successful in helping to reduce rural credit constraints and stimulate rural development? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Portoroz, Slovenia on 29-30 May 2001. Over 90 participants, including policy makers, government officials, bankers, agro-business, independent experts, and academics from 22 countries and international organisations focused on the special issues in this sector for South Eastern Europe, Russia and Ukraine. This book is part of the OECD's ongoing co-operation with non-Member economies around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195646-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taux de change : Ni fixe, ni flottant (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264295520
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Don't Fix, Don't Float
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Taux de change : ni fixe, ni flottant parle de crédibilité, et de l’absence de crédibilité. Cet ouvrage traite des questions relatives à l’architecture financière internationale du point de vue des pays en développement, des marchés émergents et des économies en transition. Les autorités monétaires doivent-elles fixer le taux de change de la monnaie nationale ? Doivent-elles au contraire laisser flotter leur monnaie sur le marché du change ? Entre les solutions extrêmes - fixer ou laisser flotter - n’y a-t-il pas de place pour des marges de fluctuation, des paniers de monnaie, des parités ajustables ? Les réponses à ces questions sont bien évidemment primordiales pour les économies concernées mais, compte tenu de la globalisation des marchés financiers, leur portée va bien au-delà.Si l’institution d’un régime purement flottant peut sembler chimérique, même parmi les monnaies dominantes, la mise en place d’un régime à taux fixe n’ouvre pas nécessairement la voie rapide vers la crédibilité. C’est par un processus de développement qui renforce les institutions monétaires, financières et budgétaires qu’une économie obtient cette crédibilité vis-à-vis de l’étranger. Il est vrai que des règles d’ajustement budgétaire (telles que le déficit zéro en Argentine ou le pacte de stabilité et de croissance de l’UE) sont des conditions nécessaires pour qu’un régime de taux de change donné puisse assurer développement et croissance économique. Taux de change : ni fixe ni flottant, présente des propositions argumentées de régimes intermédiaires pour cinq groupes de pays en Afrique, en Asie et en Amérique latine.Les pays en développement, les marchés émergents et les économies en transition, de concert avec les pays de la zone OCDE, doivent faire face aux conséquences d’une conjoncture économique mondiale qui se détériore. Dans ce contexte, les questions de développement qui sous-tendent cet ouvrage acquièrent une importance capitale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264295520-fr
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    O Futuro da Economia Global : Rumo a uma expansao duradoura? (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064676
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy; Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: À medida que nos aproximamos do século XXI, poderosas forças de mudança convergem para aquilo que poderá ser durante as próximas décadas o palco de uma expansão económica prolongada e sustentada – a transição para uma sociedade do conhecimento, com os seus elevados ganhos de produtividade; a emergência de mercados globais, mais integrados, de bens, serviços, capitais e tecnologia; e o rápido crescimento de uma consciência ambiental capaz de acelerar fortemente a mudança para novos padrões de produção e consumo, baseados numa utilização de recursos menos intensiva. Como resultado, poderemos assistir a décadas seguidas de crescimento económico acima da média, aumentos significativos do rendimento e da riqueza, e melhorias visíveis de bem-estar por todo o mundo.Mas o que será necessário para desencadear estas forças dinâmicas? Iniciativas para estabelecer as regras e as estruturas que conduzam à transição para uma economia do conhecimento, global e sustentada, não serão suficientes. Acima de tudo, serão exigidos esforços excepcionais por parte dos decisores ao nível dos governos, das empresas, e da sociedade no seu conjunto, para incentivar continuamente a inovação, a criatividade e níveis elevados de investimento, e para promover novas e intensas formas de cooperação internacional e o reforço das instituições. Inevitavelmente, alguns países beneficiarão mais do que outros, mas uma expansão prolongada, com toda a sua capacidade de criação de riqueza, constituirá uma oportunidade única para inverter a tendência das últimas décadas de intensificação da falta de qualidade e da exclusão social.Este livro analisa as forças promotoras das alterações económicas e sociais do mundo de hoje, estima a probabilidade de uma expansão prolongada nas primeiras décadas do século XXI e explora as políticas estratégicas necessárias.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064676-pt
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Estonia 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Estonie 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Estonie 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Estonia
    Abstract: OECD's review of foreign direct investment policy in Estonia. It finds that since regaining its independence in 1991, Estonia has undergone a remarkable economic transformation. By the end of 2000, it had received some US$2.65 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), principally from European countries and the United States, and invested some US$443 million in the other Baltic countries. FDI has financed green-field investment, mergers and acquisitions, as well as the privatisation of state-owned-enterprises. Creating favourable conditions for FDI and openness to foreign trade have been key elements of Estonia’s economic strategy. Estonia has been included in the first wave of accession of new Members to the European Union and it joined the World Trade Organisation in 2000. The revamping of the old regime and privatisation are practically complete, and special attention is being given to reducing bureaucracy and regulation further. Very few restrictions to FDI remain. Estonia now faces the challenge of keeping up with the competition and catching up with the richer nations. On 26 July 2001, Estonia became eligible for adherence to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This will help to consolidate Estonia's recent achievements and further expand its economic relations with OECD countries and other adherents to the Declaration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194953-en
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  • 17
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    Réussir la réforme des entreprises en Chine (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264287716
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La Chine dans l'économie mondiale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reforming China's Enterprises
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Unternehmen ; Wirtschaftsreform
    Abstract: PROGRES ET ENJEUX FUTURS La réforme des entreprises en Chine est un enjeu majeur pour la réussite de la transformation du pays en une économie de marché, transformation qui est en cours depuis 1978. Cette réforme revêt aujourd’hui un caractère d’urgence étant donné, d’une part, les sérieux problèmes financiers que connaissent actuellement de nombreuses entreprises chinoises et, d’autre part, la perspective de l’adhésion de la Chine à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce. Elle concerne les entreprises d’Etat aussi bien que les autres entreprises et recouvre un large éventail de mesures spécifiques destinées à accroître les performances financières, améliorer les comportements et mettre en place les institutions et les infrastructures complémentaires indispensables à une économie moderne fondée sur l’entreprise.Cet ouvrage décrit les principales réformes mises en oeuvre dans chacun de ces domaines, les progrès accomplis, les problèmes rencontrés et les défis qu’il va falloir relever. Il en ressort globalement que la réforme des entreprises se situe aujourd’hui à un stade critique. Des progrès importants sont réalisés, mais il reste encore beaucoup plus à faire et un développement rapide est nécessaire dans plusieurs domaines clés si l’on veut que l’ensemble du processus de réforme maintienne son élan et que le potentiel de croissance de la Chine se réalise.Questions examinées : la situation actuelle des entreprises chinoises ; la restructuration économique et la réorganisation des entreprises d’Etat ; la mise en place de mécanismes efficaces de gouvernement d’entreprise ; le rôle du système financier ; l’élaboration de programmes de sécurité sociale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264287716-fr
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  • 18
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    The Investment Environment in the Russian Federation : Laws, Policies and Institutions (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fédération de Russie ; quel environnement pour l'investissement ? ; Lois, politiques et institutions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fédération de Russie : quel environnement pour l'investissement ? : Lois, politiques et institutions
    RVK:
    QG 480
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Russian Federation ; Russland ; Auslandsinvestition ; Geschichte 1991-2000 ; Russland ; Steuer ; Geschichte 1991-2000 ; Russland ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Geschichte 1991-2000 ; Russland ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Geschichte 1991-2000
    Abstract: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992, the Russian Federation promptly proceeded with initial economic reform measures and privatisation programmes which were largely completed by 1994. Despite the creation of a basic corporate sector, many structural reforms remained incomplete, limiting inflows of foreign investment. Following the financial crisis in 1998, Russia has been in a period of stabilisation and is now showing signs of output recovery fuelled by favourable external economic conditions. A new economic reform programme was introduced in mid-2000, promising the rationalisation of many existing state and legislative structures and the reorganisation of federal and regional powers with a view to creating a modern competitive environment in a more unified economic space. Foreign investment will be vital for Russia's economic revival and the Russian government has taken up the challenge of improving the legal and regulatory environment to attract investment inflows needed to upgrade Russia's production facilities, infrastructure and labour skills. The pace and progress of reform is being followed with considerable interest worldwide. This publication provides a timely analysis of the evolving environment for foreign investment in the Russian Federation and draws attention to problem areas affecting the investment climate such as inadequate protection of investors' contractual and property rights. A key element of the publication is a set of policy conclusions and recommendations to create a more hospitable environment for investment, both domestic and foreign.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192577-en
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  • 19
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    Principes applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2001 : Edition de poche (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264292215
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Series Statement: Principes applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001; Travel version
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001; Travel version (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001: Travel version
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001: Travel version (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Transfer pricing and multinational enterprises ; Richtlinie
    Abstract: Cette édition 2001 des Principes de l’OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l’intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales a été substantiellement révisée depuis; voir la version approuvée en juillet 2010. Cette édition de poche des Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert contient la version intégrale des principes en matière de prix de transfert adoptée par les pays membres à l’usage des entreprises multinationales qui transfèrent des biens ou des services d’un pays à l’autre ou au sein d’un seul et même groupe d’entreprises. Ils réaffirment qu’un traitement de pleine concurrence doit être appliqué aux entreprises faisant partie d’un groupe multinational et que pour ce faire, les méthodes transactionnelles traditionnelles doivent être privilégiées. Ces questions controversées n’intéressent pas uniquement les spécialistes de la fiscalité. De fait, les administrations fiscales, les contribuables et les chefs d’entreprises ont tous un rôle à jouer pour éviter la coexistence de règles fiscales contradictoires qui risqueraient d’entraver sérieusement le développement des échanges mondiaux. Les Principes ont été également publiés en classeurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264292215-fr
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  • 20
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    Examen des politiques d'investissement: Ukraine (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264292857
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Investment Policy Review; Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Investment Policy Review: Ukraine
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Ukraine ; Ukraine ; Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: Cet examen de la politique de l'Ukraine en matière d'investissement s'inscrit dans le prolongement du Guide de l'investissement en Ukraine publié par l'OCDE en 1993. Il a pour principal objectif de faire progresser le dialogue sur les politiques à suivre et la coopération entre l'OCDE et les décideurs ukrainiens sur des questions d'investissement. C'est là un domaine dans lequel l’OCDE s’efforce de stimuler des réformes dont l'Ukraine a grand besoin. L'examen tente d'évaluer le degré de mise en oeuvre des règles juridiques, en mettant l'accent sur les moyens d'en assurer le respect dans la pratique. Il identifie les lacunes du cadre juridique et institutionnel et formule une série de recommandations à l’intention des autorités. Outre la description du cadre juridique et institutionnel ayant spécifiquement trait à l'investissement étranger, l'examen couvre les principales caractéristiques du régime des activités d’entreprise en Ukraine : la législation garantissant le respect du droit et des contrats et la protection de la propriété, le droit des sociétés, les garanties de crédit et la législation applicable au secteur financier, la fiscalité, la gestion des affaires publiques, les opérations de privatisation, la concurrence et la lutte contre la corruption. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopération que l’OCDE entretient avec les économies non-membres de diverses régions du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264292857-fr
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  • 21
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    OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Lithuania 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Lituanie 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Lituanie 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Lithuania
    Abstract: OECD's review of Lithuania foreign direct investment policies. It finds that since regaining its independence in 1990, Lithuania has undergone a remarkable economic transformation. By the end of 2000, this process had been greatly stimulated by the inflow of some US$2.3 billion in foreign direct investment. FDI has contributed to green-field investment, mergers and acquisitions, as well as the privatisation of state-owned-enterprises. Creating favourable conditions for FDI has been a core element of Lithuania’s economic strategy, and relatively few restrictions to FDI now remain. FDI has also been encouraged by the prospect of EU membership, as well as Lithuania's accession to the World Trade Organisation on 31 May 2001. Among the remaining challenges are an early completion of privatisations, pursuance of liberalisation, and foreign competition for trade and investment. Top priority is being given to solving implementation problems resulting from the revamping of the old regulatory regime. On 26 July 2001, Lithuania became eligible for adherence to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This will help to consolidate Lithuania's achievements and expand its economic relations with OECD countries and other adherents to the Declaration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194892-en
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  • 22
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    OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Czech Republic 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; La République tchèque 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : La République tchèque 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of the Czech Republic's foreign direct investment policies and programmes. It finds that the Czech Republic entered the transition process with a strong industrial heritage and an extensive, but obsolete infrastructure showing the effects of over 40 years of central planning. Throughout the nineties, the extensive reforms undertaken have helped reintegrate the Czech Republic into the global economy through measures such as privatisation and the creation of a favourable and liberal investment climate which has led to a surge in FDI in recent years in particular. The Czech Republic became a Member of the OECD in 1995. The Czech government is committed to addressing the need for further industrial restructuring and to completing the privatisation process which has played a key role in the transformation of the Czech economy and in attracting FDI. With this process virtually completed, the Czech Republic now has the challenge of sustaining FDI inflows in the future through further greenfield projects and reinvestments and improving backward linkages to domestic companies. This review charts the development of FDI in the Czech Republic and evaluates its role in the transition process, assessing the degree of openness of the economy to foreign direct investors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188693-en
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  • 23
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    The OECD Guidelines and Other Corporate Responsibility Instruments : A Comparison (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/05
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The OECD Guidelines are recommendations by governments to multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in or from the 33 countries that adhere to the Guidelines. The Guidelines help ensure that MNEs act in harmony with the policies of countries in which they operate and with societal expectations. They are the only comprehensive, multilaterally endorsed code of conduct for MNEs. They establish non-binding principles and standards covering a broad range of issues in business ethics. The basic premise of the Guidelines is that internationally agreed principles can help to prevent misunderstandings and build an atmosphere of confidence and predictability among business, labour, governments and society as a whole. The recent review of the Guidelines, concluded in June 2000, brought significant change to the contents of the Guidelines’ recommendations and sought to enhance their distinctive implementation procedures. At the time of the review, many participants noted the intense ...
    DOI: 10.1787/302255465771
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  • 24
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    Les impôts sur les compagnies d'assurance (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288393
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.3
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.3
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Insurance Companies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Taxing Insurance Companies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Steuer
    Abstract: Cette publication fait partie d’une série d’études de politique fiscale réalisées par la Division des affaires fiscales de l’OCDE. Elle examine la difficile question de l’imposition des bénéfices dans le secteur de l’assurance vie et de l’assurance dommages. Dans le cas particulier de l’assurance vie, les pays de l’OCDE ont utilisé diverses méthodes pour s’efforcer d’imposer les revenus générés par les compagnies d’assurance. Cette étude analyse les problèmes politiques et techniques qui se posent lors de la détermination d’un mode d’imposition efficace des bénéfices. Les auteurs exposent tout d’abord les approches d’ensemble adoptées par les pays de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Leur analyse met en lumière la vaste expérience pratique qu’ont acquise ces pays lors de l’élaboration du régime fiscal de leur secteur des assurances. Ils traitent ensuite des principales questions de fond auxquelles doivent faire face les décideurs et procèdent à une analyse critique des différents problèmes techniques que pose le passage de la théorie à la pratique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288393-fr
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  • 25
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    Taxing Insurance Companies (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.3
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les impôts sur les compagnies d'assurance
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This study examines the difficult task of applying income taxation to the life and property and casualty insurance industries. Particularly in the case of life insurance, OECD countries have pursued a variety of methods to try to tax the income arising in insurance companies. This study analyses the policy and technical problems that arise in designing an effective means of income taxation. In addition to outlining the general approaches used by OECD countries in this area, the authors have drawn upon their extensive practical experience in designing a tax system for the insurance industry in their home country. Based on this experience, they have addressed the major policy questions faced by tax policy-makers in this area and included a critical analysis of the various technical issues which arise in turning theory into practice.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188396-en
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  • 26
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    Corporate Tax Incentives for Foreign Direct Investment (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188402
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Impôt sur les sociétés et investissement direct étranger ; L'utilisation d'incitations fiscales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report examines the currently highly topical issue of corporate tax incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI). The ability to offer an internationally competitive tax system is increasingly seen today as a determinative factor influencing FDI. With corporate income tax identified as the component that impacts most directly on multinational companies, much of the pressure for lowering host country tax burdens to attract capital is focused upon this tax. At the same time, corporate taxation plays an important withholding function, raising revenues on domestic-source income that might otherwise escape the tax net. The desire to tax this income while not discouraging foreign investors raises critical questions concerning the sensitivity of FDI to taxation and the appropriate setting of various tax provisions that determine the host country tax burden and influence investment and financing behaviour. This report considers various corporate tax measures to encourage FDI and a range of issues relevant to assessing their use. Given the central question of how much additional investment can be expected from tax relief and at what cost, the report summarises recent empirical findings which show increasing sensitivity of FDI to host country tax burdens, consistent with trends towards increasing globalisation of production. Other findings are considered which highlight tax-planning opportunities created by certain approaches, leading to unintended revenue leakage. The report emphasises the need to assess possible host and home country tax interactions which can influence tax incentive results, and more generally the need to look beyond what conventional economic analysis might suggest. While the report is intended primarily as a guide for policy makers in emerging market economies, it may serve as a reference document to tax policy analysts more generally
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188402-en
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  • 27
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    Inversionistas Institucionales en América Latina (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264482234
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Investors in Latin America
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Cuál es el estado actual del desarrollo de los inversionistas institucionales en América Latina? Cómo se pueden beneficiar los países de América Latina de la experiencia de países de la OECD para diseñar políticas que ayuden a fomentar el papel de los inversionistas institucionales? Cuáles son los requisitos necesarios en infraestructura financiera y en el marco regulador para asegurar el crecimiento y el buen funcionamiento del sector institucional en América Latina? Estas y otras cuestiones similares fueron abordadas durante el taller en Santiago de Chile sobre “Inversionistas Institucionales en América Latina”, organizado en Septiembre de 1999 por la OECD y la Comisión de la Unión Europea, en cooperación con el gobierno chileno. Este conjunto de textos puede constituir una obra de referencia sobre la inversión institucional para supervisores del sector financiero institucional, expertos del sector público, participantes del sector privado, y académicos de las economías de mercados emergentes y de los países de la OECD. El Centro para la Cooperación con Países No Miembro (CCNM) promueve y coordina el diálogo político y la cooperación con las economías ubicadas fuera del área OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264482234-es
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  • 28
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    Don't Fix, Don't Float (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taux de change ; Ni fixe, ni flottant
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taux de change : Ni fixe, ni flottant
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Don´t Fix, Don´t Float is a book about credibility, or lack thereof. It deals with questions pertaining to international financial architecture from the perspective of developing countries, emerging markets and transition economies. Should the monetary authority fix the exchange rate of the national currency? Should it instead let the currency float in foreign exchange markets? What about bands, baskets and crawls between the fix and the float corners? Answering these questions is of significance to the national economy involved and, with regard to global finance, often beyond. In the same way that there may never be a pure float, even among key currencies, an instant fix does not provide a fast lane to credibility. Credibility is earned abroad as the development process reinforces institution building in monetary, financial and budgetary matters. Indeed, rules for budgetary adjustment (such as the zero deficit in Argentina or the EU Stability and Growth Pact) are necessary for any exchange-rate regime to deliver economic growth and development. In Don´t Fix, Don´t Float, the case for intermediate regimes is made for five country groups in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Developing countries, emerging markets and transition economies, together with the OECD area, are facing the consequences of a worsening global economic outlook. In this environment, the development perspective underlying Don’t Fix, Don’t Float is clearly essential.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195523-en
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  • 29
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    Codes of Corporate Conduct : Expanded Review of their Contents (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2001/06
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Based on a slight extension of the inventory of 233 codes of corporate conduct collected for an earlier study (TD/TC/WP(98)74/FINAL), this paper takes a more in-depth look at the contents of the codes with respect to issue coverage and code implementation procedures. The main findings of this investigation of 246 voluntary codes of conduct are: The codes examined differ considerably in terms of their content and degree of detail. This reflects the underlying diversity of the organisations issuing the codes, which differ in terms of size, sector and regional affiliation. All the firms subscribing to the codes covered in this study are based in the OECD (most of the 29 member OECD countries are covered in the inventory). The firms operate in a variety of sectors including high technology, mass retailing, heavy manufacturing, light manufacturing, primary production and financial services. Some codes in the inventory are issued by business associations and others by NGOs. The codes ...
    DOI: 10.1787/206157234626
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  • 30
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    Private Pensions Systems : Administrative Costs and Reforms (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.2
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This book provides a description of private pension systems in selected OECD countries as well as information on administrative costs and related policy issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189805-en
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  • 31
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    Insurance Regulation, Liberalisation and Financial Convergence (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This publication provides an in-depth analysis of the main features of insurance regulation and supervision in OECD countries, as well as of two major trends in insurance markets and regulation: liberalisation and financial convergence. It responds to major concerns of economic, political and social actors in the insurance market and will constitute a unique reference work for regulatory and supervisory authorities in emerging economies as well as in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193178-en
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  • 32
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    Investment Policy Review: Ukraine (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques d'investissement; Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques d'investissement: Ukraine
    DDC: 346.477107
    RVK:
    QD 020
    Keywords: Finance Ukraine ; Investments, Foreign Ukraine ; Finance and Investment ; Ukraine ; Ukraine Commercial policy ; Ukraine ; Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of investment policy in the Ukraine. It builds on the 1993 OECD Investment Guide for Ukraine and is primarily intended to further advance the policy dialogue and co-operation between the OECD and Ukrainian decision-makers on investment issues. It is part of OECD’s efforts to help drive the much needed policy reforms in Ukraine. The review attempts to assess the implementation of the legal rules, with an emphasis on their practical enforcement, and identifies gaps in legislation and institutional frameworks, distilling an array of policy recommendations. In addition to the legal and institutional setting specifically dealing with foreign investment issues, the review encompasses salient features of the overall business regime in Ukraine, such as legislation ensuring the rule of law, contract and property protection, corporate legislation, secured lending and financial sector legislation, taxation, public governance, including privatisation, competition and anti-corruption measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192850-en
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    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises : Global Instruments for Corporate Responsibility (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The Guidelines are recommendations to multinational enterprises on their business conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the 33 adhering governments and, although they are not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. This book provides an account of what governments have been doing to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy. It also provides a comparative analysis and comments by the business, labour and NGO communities on the complementarities and differences between the Guidelines and other global instruments for corporate responsibility (e.g. UN Global Compact, Global Reporting Initiative).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196018-en
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  • 34
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    Business Approaches to Combating Bribery : A Study of Codes of Conduct (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Bribery is becoming a high priority public concern and the legal framework and enforcement apparatus used in the fight against it are being developed in the OECD and elsewhere. Reflecting these civic and legal pressures, firms now often deal with bribery in their codes of corporate conduct – public statements of commitment to abide by a certain standard of business conduct. The question of what firms do internally in the fight against bribery is probably as important to the successful outcome of that fight as formal anti-bribery law and as the attitudes of the public. This paper looks at corporate approaches to anti-bribery commitment and at managerial approaches to implementing these commitments in an inventory of 246 codes of conduct. The paper shows that, while bribery is often mentioned in the codes of conduct, there is considerable diversity in the language and concepts adopted in anti-bribery commitments. This diversity is a feature of the language used in describing parties ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082658020086
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  • 35
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    Financing Newly Emerging Private Enterprises in Transition Economies (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Financing newly emerging private enterprises in transition economies
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Keywords: 00.01.1998 ; KMU ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Risikokapital ; Bankgarantie ; Leasing ; Fremdkapital ; Osteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Osteuropa ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Ten years into the transition, newly emerging private enterprises in transition economies, usually described as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the international context, have come to play an increasingly important role as the driving engines of economic growth and employment creation. Accordingly, the policy considerations for developing SMEs are becoming very urgent and important for transition economies, especially through facilitating financial mechanisms for them, as limited availability of financial resources is the largest hindrance to their development. This publication gathers the proceedings of the Second Workshop on "Financing Newly Emerging Private Enterprises in Transition Economies" which was organised in Paris under the aegis of the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members with the sponsorship of the Japanese Government. This volume contains in-depth studies on various schemes for financing these enterprises, including credit guarantees, leasing, venture capital and capital market operations, as well as public schemes. In addition, it provides detailed and comparative information on the situation of SME development and the policy measures towards it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180642-en
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  • 36
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    Policy Competition for Foreign Direct Investment : A study of Competition among Governments to Attract FDI (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour attirer les investissements directs étrangers ? ; Une étude de la concurrence entre gouvernements
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Oman, Charles P. Policy competition for foreign direct investment
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Umweltstandard ; Sozialstandards ; Sonderwirtschaftszone ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Investitionsförderung ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: Competition for foreign direct investment has been neglected as a subject of research. Yet many claim that such competition is having deleterious effects, such as lowering governments’ standards of protection of the environment and workers’ rights.This book looks at the evidence and assesses the impact of competition among governments to attract FDI. It finds little evidence directly to support fears of a "global race to the bottom" in labour and environmental standards. The widespread use of investment incentives, however, in OECD and developing countries alike, tends to be bad for government transparency and accountability. This is highly detrimental both to economic policy making and to the construction of democratic institutions in developing countries. The author proposes a shift away from incentive-based policies for attracting FDI towards a rules-based approach on both a national and international level.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Quelles politiques pour attirer les investissements directs étrangers?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181083-en
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  • 37
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    Lithuania : Foreign Direct Investment Impact and Policy Analysis (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 108 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/03
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Lithuania
    Abstract: The present study was prepared in the third quarter of 1999 as a background study to a Conference organised by the OECD Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME), in collaboration with the Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members and with the support of the Estonian Investment Agency, on the subject of “Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Private Sector Development in the Baltic States”. This event took place in Tallinn on 17 November 1999. Its objective was to provide an overall assessment of the contribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the economic transformation of the three Baltic states since their independence in 1991-1992. The conference was one of the main activities organised in 1999 under the auspices of the OECD Baltic Regional Programme. Within the framework of the same programme, it was followed up by a Conference on Fiscal Incentives and Competition for Foreign Direct Investment in Vilnius in Spring 2000 organised in ...
    DOI: 10.1787/074887667067
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  • 38
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    Bank Profitability: Methodological Country Notes 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rentabilité des banques ; Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rentabilité des banques : Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2000
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. OECD statistics published annually under the title Bank Profitability -- Financial Statements of Banks, provide a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in twenty-nine Member countries. Methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182172-en
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  • 39
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    Glossaire des termes d'assurance (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273214
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary of Insurance Policy Terms
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Versicherungswirtschaft
    Abstract: Pour compléter une série de publications qui feront date sur les problèmes de la politique des assurances, l’OCDE a établi ce glossaire, unique en son genre, des termes de la politique des assurances. Les thèmes retenus vont de la réglementation et de la surveillance des assurances à des questions commerciales plus générales. Le glossaire comprend également des termes techniques concernant les sinistres, les primes et les provisions. Cet ouvrage est plus particulièrement destiné aux responsables de ce dossier dans les administrations publiques, aux chercheurs et aux entreprises dans le monde entier.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273214-fr
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  • 40
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    Rentabilité des banques : Notes méthodologiques par pays Edition 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264282179
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bank Profitability; Methodological Country Notes 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bank Profitability: Methodological Country Notes 2000
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Bank ; Rechnungswesen ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Statistik
    Abstract: Les statistiques de l’OCDE sur les banques, publiées chaque année sous le titre Rentabilité des banques : Comptes des banques, fournissent un instrument sans équivalent pour analyser l’évolution de la rentabilité des banques dans les pays membres de l'OCDE. Les notes méthodologiques par pays, incluses dans ce volume, complètent la publication statistique et ont été préparées afin de faciliter la compréhension et l'interprétation des statistiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264282179-fr
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  • 41
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    Ouverture économique et croissance en Chine (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264281073
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Opening and Growth in China
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: On a souvent attribué arbitrairement à un certain nombre de facteurs politico-économiques la croissance remarquable de l’économie chinoise de ces dernières années. Cet ouvrage mesure quantitativement l’effet spécifique des entrées de capitaux au titre de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE) et en donne des estimations par régions. La relation entre ces flux et la croissance générale de l’activité économique est beaucoup plus complexe qu’on ne le pensait jusqu’ici. Même si les provinces côtières, ouvertes sur l’extérieur, sont manifestement celles où la croissance associée à l’IDE et à l’apport de technologie étrangère qui en découle est la plus importante, on observe également des effets de dispersion géographique. Or, pour éviter que les inégalités de richesse se creusent, ces effets de dispersion doivent être encouragés. Toutefois, les disparités importantes existant, en termes de capital physique et humain, entre les provinces côtières et celles de l’intérieur entravent la redistribution des effets qu’a l’IDE sur la croissance à l’échelle nationale. De plus, pour continuer à bénéficier du progrès technologique de façon significative, la Chine devra développer ses propres capacités de recherche et de développement afin de compenser la rentabilité décroissante des transferts de technologie étrangère. Cela suppose l’adoption de mesures favorisant le développement des capacités humaines, à travers la formation initiale et continue à l’échelle nationale.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Economic opening and growth in China
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264281073-fr
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  • 42
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    Institutional Investors in Latin America (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inversionistas Institucionales en América Latina
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Institutional investors in Latin America
    RVK:
    QK 800
    Keywords: Institutioneller Investor ; Finanzmarkt ; Institutioneller Wandel ; Lateinamerika ; Institutional investments Latin America ; Insurance companies Investments ; Latin America ; Pension trusts Latin America ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Lateinamerika ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Lateinamerika ; Institutioneller Anleger
    Abstract: What is the current state of development of institutional investors in Latin America? What are the requirements of the financial infrastructure and the regulatory framework to encourage the growth of the institutional sector in Latin America? What policy expertise can Latin America and OECD countries share to benefit from each other’s experience in broadening the role of institutional investors? These questions were addressed during the Santiago workshop on "Institutional Investors in Latin America", organised in September 1999 by the OECD through its Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members and the Commission of the European Union in co-operation with the Chilean Government. This set of texts can constitute a reference work on institutional investment for policy makers and experts in the public sector, actors in the private sector, and academics in both emerging market economies and OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182233-en
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  • 43
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    Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ? (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264580350
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy; Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die Welt steht heute an der Schwelle zu einer neuen Ära, in der die Chance einer lang anhaltenden Phase der Hochkonjunktur in den ersten Jahrzehnten des neuen Jahrtausends zum Greifen nahe sein wird. Das Zusammenwirken mehrerer Einflüsse – insbesondere der Übergang zu einer wissensbasierten Gesellschaft, die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und das Streben nach ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit – könnte gewaltige Verbesserungen sowohl in bezug auf die Kapazitäten zur Schaffung von Wohlstand als auch für das weltweite Wohlergehen der Menschen mit sich bringen.Welche Weichenstellungen sind notwendig, damit diese Chance nicht ungenützt bleibt? Neue Institutionen werden gebraucht, um die internationalen Regeln und Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen, die den Übergang zur wissensbasierten Gesellschaft erleichtern. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die fundamentalen Antriebskräfte des gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels von morgen. Er schätzt die Plausibilität des Eintretens in ein „Goldenes Zeitalter“ ein und analysiert die Politikerfordernisse, die zu seiner Verwirklichung notwendig sind.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264580350-de
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  • 44
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    L' UEM : An 1 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264281202
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. EMU; One Year on
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. EMU: One Year on
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: La monnaie unique européenne a été lancée il y a un peu plus d'un an dans onze des quinze pays de l'Union. Cette étude évalue les tendances et politiques économiques durant l'année inaugurale du nouveau régime. Elle analyse la performance et les perspectives économiques de la zone euro dans son ensemble, soulignant dans quelle mesure les évolutions au niveau agrégé sont influencées par les convergences ou divergences nationales ou régionales. Cet ouvrage fournit un examen approfondi des politiques macroéconomiques. La politique monétaire commune menée par l'Eurosystème et son cadre analytique et institutionnel sont passés au crible, comme l'est la coordination des politiques budgétaires nationales dans le contexte du Pacte de stabilité et de croissance. Un chapitre spécial est consacré aux liens entre caractéristiques et politiques structurelles d'une part, et performance macroéconomique de l'autre. Il en ressort que des réformes structurelles amples et bien conçues renforceraient notablement le potentiel économique de l'Europe et rendraient moins douloureux certains arbitrages de politique macroéconomique. Ce livre aborde des questions qui sont au coeur de l’actualité : - Quelles sont les perspectives d'accélération de la croissance et de chute du chômage dans la zone euro? - Pourquoi l'euro s'est-il affaibli en 1999 et cela a-t-il une importance? - La politique monétaire a-t-elle été menée de façon efficace ? - Quel sera le degré de prudence budgétaire requis dans les années à venir ? - Quelles sont les rigidités qui continuent de limiter la croissance en Europe ? * Il s’agit de la seconde étude de l'OCDE sur l'UEM. La première fut publiée début 1999 sous le titre UEM: faits, défis et politiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264281202-fr
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  • 45
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Hongrie 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264287990
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Hungary 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Hungary 2000
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Hungary
    Abstract: Membre de l’OCDE depuis 1996, la Hongrie mène à bien depuis dix ans un processus de transition économique caractérisé par de vastes réformes, et notamment par la mise en œuvre d’une politique dynamique et libérale en matière d’investissement direct étranger (IDE). Considérée aujourd’hui par les investisseurs comme l’un des pays les plus attrayants d’Europe orientale, elle est devenue l'une des principales destinations de l’IDE dans la région, avec un des montants les plus élevés par habitant. La privatisation a été un élément déterminant de la transformation de l’économie hongroise et a fortement stimulé l’afflux de capitaux étrangers. Maintenant que ce processus est pratiquement terminé, la Hongrie se donne pour objectif de maintenir un niveau d’IDE de 20 à 25 pour cent du total de l’investissement, en favorisant les projets entièrement nouveaux, les réinvestissements et les petites et moyennes entreprises. Cette étude retrace l’évolution de l’IDE en Hongrie et évalue son rôle dans le processus de transition, ainsi que le degré d’ouverture de l’économie à ce type d’investissement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264287990-fr
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  • 46
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    Main Determinants and Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on China's Economy (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/04
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The present note summarises the main findings of the research conducted under the auspices of the OECD/MOFTEC Co-operation Programme on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) between the fall 1999 and the spring 2000 on Main Determinants and Impacts of FDI on China’s Economy. The OECD/MOFTEC Co-operation Programme on FDI was established in the spring of 1999. The present study was one of the most important activities conducted during this initial phase of joint work. It will provide the analytical underpinning to the investment policy dialogue which both parties have agreed to pursue over the coming year. Because of its size, China’s “open door policy” launched twenty years ago constitutes a unique and vast laboratory for the study of major structural changes in China and the world economy. It also provides an opportunity to test the benefits and the shortcomings of the economic policies which have been followed by the Chinese authorities and identify the improvements that could be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/321677880185
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  • 47
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    Tendances de marchés des capitaux : n 71 Volume 1998-3 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264281141
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Market Trends; No. 71 Volume 1998 Issue 3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264281141-fr
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  • 48
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    Investment Patterns in a Longer-Term Perspective (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Reports on trends in international direct investment tend to focus on recent developments. While such information is clearly of most relevance for policymakers and others interested in the pace and scale of globalisation, it fails to provide any perspective on the nature of globalisation itself. By their nature, recent developments give more weight to the cyclical element in global investment flows. A country’s performance in terms of annual inflows is often taken as a measure of the appropriateness of its policies and, by extension, of its relative attractiveness as a location for investment. Such important issues can only be assessed over a long time period and relying on more sources of information than simply flows of foreign direct investment (FDI). This study focuses on such long-term trends and includes, where appropriate, other estimates of multinational activity. By focusing on long-term patterns, this paper demonstrates how FDI has evolved from an activity largely ...
    DOI: 10.1787/150177306672
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  • 49
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    Recent Trends, Policies and Challenges in SEE Countries (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2000/05
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In the wake of the Balkan crisis, the Central and East European transition countries have been put into two groups, the seven South-East European countries (SEEC-7) and the five Central European countries (CEEC-5). SEEC-7 have not only been more immediately affected by the crisis but also show several common features of economic underdevelopment and distorted transition to a market economy. In order to help their future development, the Balkan Stability Pact has been set up. One of the aims of this internationally funded programme is to reduce investment risk in the region and lay the foundations for the inflow of private capital. This section looks at the main characteristics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region in comparison with CEECs. Further sections of the paper will provide a deeper insight into some crucial areas – foreign ...
    DOI: 10.1787/361306126481
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  • 50
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    Reforming China's Enterprises (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187719
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réussir la réforme des entreprises en Chine
    RVK:
    QG 860
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Unternehmen ; Reform
    Abstract: Reforms to China’s enterprises are central to the effort to complete the transformation to a market economy that has been underway since 1978. Reforms have become all the more urgent with the severe financial problems now being suffered by a large portion of China’s businesses, and with China’s prospective entry into the World Trade Organisation. Enterprise reforms involve both state owned and non-state businesses, and encompass a wide range of individual policies to bolster financial performances, improve behaviour, and provide supporting institutions and infrastructure essential to a modern enterprise economy. The study in this volume describes the main reforms that are being undertaken in each of these areas, the progress that is being made, the problems that are being encountered, and the challenges that remain to be overcome. The overall message is that the enterprise reforms are now at a critical juncture. Important progress is being made; but much more remains to be done and rapid advances are needed in several key areas if the overall reform process is to be sustained and China is to realise its growth potential. Topics covered: the current situation of China’s enterprises; economic restructuring and SOE reorganisation; establishing effective corporate governance mechanisms; the role of the financial system; developing social security programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187719-en
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    OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Hungary 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Hongrie 2000
    DDC: 332.67309439
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Hungary ; Ungarn ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: An OECD Member country since 1996, Hungary has for the past ten years pursued its economic transition process with extensive reforms encompassing an active and liberal foreign direct investment policy. It has become one of the most attractive environments and preferred destinations for investors in Eastern Europe, with one of the highest per capita FDI inflows in the region. Privatisation has played a key role in the transformation of the Hungarian economy and in attracting FDI. Now, with this process virtually completed, Hungary aims at achieving an FDI ratio of 20 to 25 per cent of total investment by developing further greenfield projects, encouraging reinvestments and promoting small and medium-sized enterprises. This study charts the rise of FDI in Hungary and examines its role in the transition process, assessing the degree of openness of the Hungarian economy to foreign direct investors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187993-en
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    Economic Opening and Growth in China (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ouverture économique et croissance en Chine
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QG 860
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Investitionsförderung ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: China’s remarkable growth in recent years has been often rather arbitrarily ascribed to a number of politico-economic factors. In this volume, the specific effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows is measured quantitatively and estimated on a regional basis. The authors find that there is a much more complex relationship between such flows and growth overall than had hitherto been supposed. While growth associated with FDI flows and a consequent foreign technology input is clearly highest in the coastal, open provinces, geographical dispersion effects can also be identified. In order to avoid widening wealth inequalities, these dispersion effects should be encouraged. Large differences, however, in physical and human capital terms, exist between provinces located on the coast and in the interior of the country and these hinder redistribution of the growth effects of FDI inflows on a national scale. In addition, if China is to continue to benefit substantially from technological progress, domestic research and development capacity will need to be expanded to offset diminishing returns from foreign technology transfers. This implies the adoption of policies designed to increase human capacity development through education and training on a national scale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181076-en
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    Investment Guides: Investment Guide for Mongolia 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Mongolia
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an essential component in economic development, in particular for smaller transition economies like Mongolia. For this impact to be realised, the conditions to attract and retain FDI must be created. Despite its isolation and distance from export markets, FDI in Mongolia has been relatively dynamic, aided both by rich natural resources and by the pro-active policies pursued by the Mongolian government. All sectors of the Mongolian economy are open to foreign investors and foreign investment is protected from nationalisation or expropriation. Investment is promoted via a "one-stop shop" which provides a first point of contact and support for foreign investors. The operating environment in Mongolia is evolving to accommodate the requirements of modern businesses. Labour, raw materials and operating costs are competitive and the key legislative acts are in place. Work is progressing to modernise the tax administration. This Investment Guide, published by the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members, provides an overview of the conditions for foreign direct investment in Mongolia. Policy recommendations are made to enhance the attractiveness of the country as an investment venue, including strengthening the legal framework for foreign investment, restructuring the banking system and reinforcing the rule of law.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189607-en
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    EMU : One Year on (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'UEM ; An 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'UEM : An 1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: Europe's single currency was launched a bit more than a year ago for eleven of the fifteen countries of the Union. This study assesses economic developments and policies during the inaugural year of the new regime. It analyses the economic performance and prospects of the euro area as a whole, and highlights to what extent aggregate trends are shaped by convergence or divergence at national or regional levels. Macroeconomic policies are discussed in depth. The common monetary policy carried out by the Eurosystem and the underlying framework are scrutinised, as is the co-ordination of national fiscal policies against the background of the Stability and Growth Pact. A special chapter is devoted to the links between structural features and policies on the one hand and macroeconomic performance on the other. It argues that broad-based and properly designed structural reforms would boost Europe's economic potential significantly and ease macroeconomic policy trade-offs. A number of highly topical issues are addressed, such as: - How fast is growth picking up and unemployment declining in the euro area? - Why did the euro weaken in 1999 and does it matter? - How effectively was monetary policy conducted? - What degree of fiscal prudence is needed over the next few years? - Which rigidities continue to stunt growth in Europe? This is the second OECD study on EMU, following the one published in early 1999 under the title EMU: Facts, Challenges and Policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181205-en
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    Private Pension Systems and Policy Issues (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Pension systems are changing the world over. Both OECD and non-OECD countries are coming to face the consequences of demographic changes, and some have already embarked on innovative processes of pension reform. In this new environment, employer and personal pension arrangements are expected to gain much prominence. This new OECD series is devoted to improving our understanding of private pension systems worldwide. It will provide an invaluable tool for academics, policy makers and actors in the private sector who will find in it a reference work on the main issues involved in the design, functioning, and regulation of private pension plans. This first volume provides an overview of recent developments in the private pension systems of four OECD countries (Hungary, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States) as well as an analysis of institutional investors in Latin America. It also addresses policy issues such as the design of private pension systems and actuarial, solvency and bankruptcy issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181212-en
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    Tendances des marchés des capitaux : n 72 Volume 1999-1 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272507
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Market Trends; No. 72 Volume 1999 Issue 1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272507-fr
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