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  • Online Resource  (1,026)
  • 2005-2009  (1,026)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ententes : Poursuites en l'absence de preuves directes
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Circumstantial evidence is employed in cartel cases in all countries. The better practice is to use circumstantial evidence holistically, giving it cumulative effect, rather than on an item-by-item basis. Complicating the use of circumstantial evidence are provisions in national competition laws that variously define the nature of agreements that are subject to the law. There are two general types of circumstantial evidence: communication evidence and economic evidence. Of the two, communication evidence is considered to be the more important. Economic evidence is almost always ambiguous. It could be consistent with either agreement or independent action. Therefore it requires careful analysis. National treatment of cartels, such as whether they are prosecuted as crimes or as administrative violations, can affect the burden of proof that applies to the cases, and hence the use of circumstantial evidence. It can be difficult to convince courts to accept circumstantial evidence in cartel cases, especially where the potential liability for having violated the anti-cartel provisions of the competition law is high. There are circumstances in countries that are relatively new to anti-cartel enforcement that could affect the extent to which they rely on circumstantial evidence in their cases.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 135-139
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux réglementaires internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 135-139
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This revised proposal,1 adopted by the European Commission on 26 November 2008, replaces and updates the one tabled in September 2004.2 It is based on the principles and requirements of both the Convention on Nuclear Safety3 (CNS) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safety Fundamentals.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 61-148
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concepts et dilemmes pour le renforcement de l'État dans les situations de fragilité : De la fragilité à la résilience
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 61-148
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper aims to fill a significant gap and bring greater clarity to the policy discussion about state building. It offers important insights into the causes and features of fragility, and how states can reach stability and resilience over time. The report highlights that state building needs to be seen in the context of state formation and state-society relations. It provides practical recommendations for donors that wish to support national state-building processes.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 7-54
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : L'emploi et la protection sociale
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 7-54
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Employment and social protection are two critical avenues towards achieving pro-poor growth and the Millennium Development Goals. In developing countries the majority of poor people work, but employment conditions are poor, productivity is low and incomes inadequate. Policies that improve conditions in the informal economy, increase the productivity and employability of poor people and improve the enabling environment for local entrepreneurship will lead to better employment outcomes. Social protection enables households to invest in productive activities and human capital, which raises their productivity and incomes. Social protection can be affordable, including for low-income countries, and efficiently tackles poverty through improved health, increased school attendance and less hunger and malnutrition. There is growing demand in developing countries for more public action on social protection and employment. To help donors respond, at its High Level Meeting on 27-28 May 2009 the DAC endorsed the following policy statement which encourages donors to provide adequate, long-term and predictable financial assistance to underpin developing countries’ efforts to build social protection systems and to make employment and decent work a key objective of development co-operation. In addition, through its Network on Poverty Reduction (POVNET), the DAC has developed policy guidance notes for donors on employment and social protection.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 141-141
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accords bilatéraux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 141-141
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article presents a selective list of bilateral agreements which have been concluded during the course of the first half of 2009.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 117-133
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Loi relative à la gestion des déchets radioactifs (République de Corée, 2009)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 117-133
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The purpose of this act is to safeguard against the dangers and harmful effects of radioactive waste and to contribute to public safety and environmental protection by laying down requirements for the safe and efficient management of radioactive waste.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: It is now time to invest in Africa. The prospects are good. Africa is already attracting growing flows of private resources, as a result of its greater political stability and economic reforms. Significant new investors are now engaging in Africa, from within and outside the continent. Development assistance and debt relief alone will not be sufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Africa now needs more and sustainable investment, both domestic and foreign, in order to accelerate economic growth and progress in poverty reduction, and become better integrated into the global economy. We call for the fulfilment of commitments made at African and G8 Summits and other global fora, including support from development partners to help Africa mobilise more investment, and better focus on mobilisible domestic revenue sources and indigenous resources. Areas such as infrastructure, extractive industry, tourism, agribusiness and ICT are particularly important drivers of development, and require support from development partners.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 99-115
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 99-115
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Brazil ; France ; Ireland ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Moldova, Republic of ; Romania ; Serbia ; Slovenia ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: One amendment changes the funding of the activities of the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) whereby part of the fees is transformed into taxes. Besides taxes, fees and administrative fines, funding is possible by means of donations, legacies and extra fees.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Climate change is a major threat to sustainable growth and development in Africa, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its overdependence on rain-fed agriculture, compounded by factors such as widespread poverty and weak capacity. The main longer-term impacts include: changing rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and reducing food security; worsening water security; decreasing fish resources in large lakes due to rising temperature; shifting vectorborne diseases; rising sea level affecting low-lying coastal areas with large populations; and rising water stress.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: More action is needed, by both Africa and the wider international community. Building peace and security is essential, both for economic development and for poverty reduction. Leadership is being taken by Africa itself. The number of conflicts has fallen. But even so, one-fifth of the population of Africa still live in conflict zones. More action is needed both to strengthen and support Africa’s own efforts to bring peace to the continent, and to tackle the wider global drivers of conflict, including the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons, and the trade in conflict resources.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-98
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-98
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; France ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: By decision dated 7 April 2009, Mr. Justice Hughes of the Federal Court of Canada denied an application for judicial review submitted by Linda Keen, the former President of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), by which she challenged the legality of the Order in Council which removed her as President. The court dismissed the application,2 finding that the decision had been lawful.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-60
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prestation de services dans les situations de fragilité : Principaux concepts, constats et enseignements
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-60
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The establishment of effective and durable public services is a first priority in situations of fragility and conflict. This paper provides an understanding of the mutual influence of state fragility and service delivery and offers guidance to strengthen service provision and governance in these states. Based on an analysis of the major policy issues and approaches available, the paper identifies the challenges and dilemmas the international community and its partners face in fragile settings. It concludes with a set of policy lessons and recommendations intended to help donors better target their interventions.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ententes : Sanctions pénales contre les personnes physiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Corporate sanctions rarely are sufficiently high to be an optimal deterrent against cartels. Sanctions against natural persons can thus complement them. There is no systematic evidence proving the deterrent effects of sanctions on individuals, and/or assessing whether such sanctions can be justified. There is a trend among countries to accept as self-evident that individual sanctions, including imprisonment, can be a useful part of effective anti-cartel enforcement. If a country provides for individual sanctions, a strong argument can be made that relatively short prison sentences are the most cost effective deterrent. However, there are also reasons why countries may provide for longer prison sentences, most importantly that only longer statutory sentences adequately express a society’s condemnation of hard-core cartels. In addition to increasing levels of deterrence, sanctions against individuals can be a powerful incentive for individuals to reveal information about existing cartels and to cooperate in investigations. International law does not recognise the principle of double jeopardy that would prevent authorities in different countries from prosecuting the same person for participation in the same cartel. Nevertheless, where cartels are investigated in a multi-jurisdictional context, jurisdictions may consider arrangements to ensure that only one of them prosecutes an individual.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: It is time to deliver for women and girls. Africa’s growth and development agenda can only succeed if the continent is able to draw on all its resources and talents, and if women are able to participate fully in economic, social and political life. This will require intensified efforts to eliminate discrimination and promote equal rights. The strong commitment which has been demonstrated by African governments needs to be complemented by strong support from the wider international community, within the framework of a clear allocation of responsibilities, and the clear mapping out of specific steps and measures.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium des exemples pays et enseignements tirés de l'application de la Méthodologie d'évaluation des régimes nationaux de passation des marchés : Mise en commun des expériences
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 55-140
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Abstract: This paper presents the experiences and the lessons learned by 22 partner countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia related to the application of the Methodology for the Assessment of National Procurement Systems of the OECD/DAC Joint Venture on Procurement. The Methodology was developed and approved for field testing in 2006 as an input for implementing the Paris Declaration agenda and to assist in strengthening country procurement systems. It is the result of the joint efforts of multilateral and bilateral development partners and of partner countries from around the world. These experiences and lessons represent some early results achieved by a group of volunteer partner governments working in collaboration with national stakeholders from civil society, the private sector, the media, elected members of parliament and with their international development partners. The present document is limited to sharing experiences in using the Methodology. Country examples from the pilot exercises and from other applications are used as case studies. A mapping of various country experiences in using the Methodology is provided in Annex A. The present document seeks to provide useful background information drawn from various available sources.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corée : Mise à jour du Rapport sur la loi et les institutions en matière de concurrence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    Keywords: Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This report reviews the achievements of the Korean 3-Year Market Reform Road Map. This assessment is carried out in light of the OECD’s previous recommendations to shift KFTC priorities and resources toward core competition problems related to efficiency goals and away from its historic focus on conglomerate financial structure and governance; the need for further improvements in investigative powers and a clearer rule against hard-core cartels; implementation of recommendations to repeal exemptions for “small” business and exclusions of professional services and co-ordination with sectoral regulators about competition problems; and recent institutional changes to join the KFTC with the system for applying consumer protection law. This report was the basis for a monitoring review in the October 2006 session of the Competition Committee.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264075962
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1; OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1: OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: A lo largo de la última década, México ha experimentado una reforma económica y política significativa. Durante este periodo se han registrado importantes mejoras en la salud de las finanzas públicas que deja a México en mejor postura para soportar la actual crisis económica global. Desde 2006 el gobierno mexicano ha avanzado con la aprobación de una serie de leyes y reformas dirigidas a enfrentar los retos estructurales, mejorar la responsabilidad y transparencia fiscales, y crear un proceso y un marco presupuestarios más eficientes y transparentes en línea con las prácticas internacionales. El informe comenta las recientes reformas en México y los sistemas actuales para la formulación del presupuesto, la función del Congreso, la ejecución del presupuesto y la gestión financiera, así como la rendición de cuentas de los resultados (presupuesto basado en resultados). Además, el informe formula propuestas para futuras reformas.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago : Ministry of Education, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264054189
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Series Statement: Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Tertiary Education in Chile 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Tertiary Education in Chile 2009
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: Este informe conjunto de la OCDE y el Banco Mundial, entrega una breve visión de la educación post-secundaria en Chile y describe su desarrollo en los últimos veinte años. Presenta un análisis del sistema, identifica direcciones clave para reformar las políticas a la luz de los desafíos que deben enfrentar autoridades, comunidades, empresas, educadores, padres y estudiantes.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264060753
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Manual includes detailed explanations on how to implement the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended; copies of the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL (Annex A), including Appendices 3 and 4, and Appendix 8 which have been amended by C(2008)156; the updated consolidated lists of waste subject to the Green and Amber control procedures (Annexes B and C); other relevant information to facilitate the implementation of the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, such as applicable international transport agreements and a sample contract; and queries of the interactive database aiming to facilitate the paperwork of all parties involved in transboundary movements of wastes by providing the necessary information to complete the forms for the notification and movement documents. The database includes the information required by the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended and some practical information for each OECD member country (http://www2.oecd.org/waste).
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264079205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook on deriving capital measures of intellectual property products
    RVK:
    Keywords: Immaterialgüterrechte ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Economics ; Immaterialgut ; Immaterielles Wirtschaftsgut ; Messung ; System of National Accounts ; Kapitalbildung
    Abstract: The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be recorded as capital formation. This is a natural extension to the 1993 SNA, which recommends recording many acquisitions of software and databases, mineral exploration, and entertainment, artistic and literary originals as capital formation, too. These products have a common characteristic, namely that their value reflects the underlying intellectual property they embody, which is why they are referred to collectively in this publication as intellectual property products (IPPs). But they also share another important characteristic: their measurement is not straightforward, and in the absence of clear guidance it is highly likely that estimates will not be comparable between countries. This Handbook is designed to provide that guidance by considering IPPs collectively, based on their common characteristics, by type, based on any specificities, such as data availability, and by detailed transaction - for example the valuation of IPPs that have been produced for internal use by their developers, the valuation of unsuccessful IPPs, and the production of IPPs produced and made freely available by government.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264070806
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 ; Toxicité subchronique par inhalation ; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 : Toxicité subchronique par inhalation : 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 413 (TG 413) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a period of 90 days, and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 10 male and 10 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 90 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test chemical. The results of the study include measurement and daily and detailed observations (haematology and clinical chemistry), as well as ophthalmology, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. This Test Guideline allows the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, interim sacrifices, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264071223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 ; Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 : Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for this study. For rodents, each dose group and concurrent control group intended for the carcinogenicity phase of the study should contain at least 50 animals of each sex, while for the chronic toxicity phase of the study should contain at least 10 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels should be used, in addition to the concurrent control group for both the chronic toxicity phase and the carcinogenicity phase of the study. The three main routes of administration are oral, dermal, and inhalation. The Test Guideline focuses on the oral route of administration. The period of dosing and duration of the study is normally 12 months for the chronic phase, and 24 months for the carcinogenicity phase. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology. All these observations permit the detection of neoplastic effects and a determination of carcinogenic potential as well as the general toxicity.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264077195
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Appraisal of the Chilean Fisheries Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile es uno de los participantes más importantes del ámbito pesquero internacional. Este informe describe el reto que ha supuesto el complejo proceso de aprendizaje que el sector pesquero y acuícola chileno ha llevado a cabo y la evolución de sus políticas y sistemas de gestión. Pero durante los últimos cincuenta años el gobierno de los sectores industrial, artesanal y acuícola ha seguido diferentes trayectorias de desarrollo de políticas y la gestión actual refleja las presiones concretas a las que cada segmento del sector hace frente. Chile ha tenido que afrontar cuestiones de sobreinversión, severos descensos en los niveles de captura, disputas entre las partes implicadas, disminución del tamaño de las flotas y enfermedades acuícolas, entre otras. Y la evolución de las políticas continúa, con una serie de iniciativas en marcha para responder a los desafíos actuales. El Estado Chileno ha sido una de las principales fuerzas que se encuentran tras estos avances, sirviendo de base para un sector pesquero y acuícola sólido y robusto.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Abstract: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068322
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of pears in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in pears.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264050815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: What does PISA actually assess? This book presents all the publicly available questions from the PISA surveys. Some of these questions were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys and others were used in developing and trying out the assessment. After a brief introduction to the PISA assessment, the book presents three chapters, including PISA questions for the reading, mathematics and science tests, respectively. Each chapter presents an overview of what exactly the questions assess. The second section of each chapter presents questions which were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, that is, the actual PISA tests for which results were published. The third section presents questions used in trying out the assessment. Although these questions were not used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, they are nevertheless illustrative of the kind of question PISA uses. The final section shows all the answers, along with brief comments on each question.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264068391
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of potatoes in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in potatoes.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264064072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report explores the educational performance and attitudes of males and females during childhood and adolescence. It opens with a general summary of gender differences measured outside of the PISA assessment programme and then considers the knowledge gained about gender-related issues from PISA 2000, PISA 2003 and PISA 2006 when reading, mathematics and science respectively were the major domains of assessment. Among the key findings: in reading in PISA 2000, females significantly outscored males in all countries; in mathematics in PISA 2003, males outscored females somewhat; in the combined science scale in PISA 2006, there was no overall significant difference observed between males and females. However, when examining the various science competencies, knowledge components and attitudes to science, there were some marked differences.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264076037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described by this Test Guideline provides information that allows hazard assessment for short-term exposure to a test article by inhalation, and allows the substance to be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The test method is based on a stepwise procedure, each step using 3 animals of each sex (the preferred species is rat). Animals are exposed in inhalation chambers to a pre-defined concentration for 4 hours. Absence or presence of compound-related mortality of the animals at one step will determine the next step. Animals in severe pain or distress should be humanely killed. The starting concentration is selected from one of four fixed levels corresponding to GHS categories 1-4 for gases, vapours or aerosols. Animals are observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity for a total of at least 14 days. Animals' body weights should be determined at least weekly. All the animals should be subjected to gross necropsy.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264049048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Finland's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of the strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264066304
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of inshell hazelnuts in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in Inshell Hazelnuts.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264076372
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 ; Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 : Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay, which provides mechanistical information, and can be used for screening and prioritization purposes. The test system utilises the hERalpha-HeLa-9903 cell line derived from a human cervical tumor and stably transfected. This cell line can measure the ability of a test chemical to induce hERalpha-mediated transactivation of luciferase gene expression. The cells are exposed to 7 non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test chemical for 20-24 hours to induce the reporter gene products. Four reference chemicals should be included in each experiment: a strong estrogen (17beta-estradiol), a weak estrogen (17alpha-estradiol), a very weak estrogen (17alpha-methyltestosterone) and a negative control (corticosterone). The activity of the luciferase enzyme is measured in a luminometer. A test chemical is considered to be positive if the maximum response induced is equal to or exceeds 10% of the response of the positive control (1 nM 17alpha-estradiol) in at least two of two or two of three runs. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264039322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. Japan is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of Japan's tertiary education system; an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in Japan; an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in Japan; and recommendations for future policy development. This review of tertiary education in Japan forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264070783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 ; Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation ; étude sur 28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 : Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation : étude sur 28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 412 (TG 412) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a limited period of time (28 days), and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 5 male and 5 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 28 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test article. This guideline allows the study director the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264076341
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This joint publication of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) and the World Bank complements the recommendations of the System of National Accounts, 1993 (1993 SNA), and reflects changes and improvements that have been introduced to the system of national accounts since its last revision in 1993. Along with the 1993 SNA, Updates and Amendments supports the implementation of international standards of national accounting and provides the methodological basis for improving the international comparability of national accounts data. The publication contains the text of the 1993 SNA that has been updated as a result of the adoption of new international standards for the statistical measurement of financial derivatives. It also includes four functional classifications that were fully elaborated and updated after the 1993 SNA was published. It also provides for the first time a glossary of terms and definitions. Languages: [Arabic]; [Chinese]; [English]; [Russian]; [Spanish]
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264059726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative ; Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies; Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative : Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies: Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Governments face the challenge of rationalising and minimising administrative burdens imposed by bureaucratic requirements. At the same time, they need to use administrative procedures as a source of information and a tool for implementing public policies. Administrative simplification strategies are designed to streamline procedures, reduce complexity, paperwork and uncertainty. This guide draws on the experience of, and policy dialogue between, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Middle East and North African countries (MENA). It reviews common barriers to designing and implementing a strategy for administrative simplification and offers 22 approaches to overcome them, providing a synthesis of good practices among policy makers and practitioners working on cutting red tape.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264039360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This review, designed to help Spain understand how improving tertiary education can help it achieve its economic and social goals, presents an overview of Spain's tertiary education system, an account of trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendation for future development.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264039308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Norway's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommmedations for future policy development.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing : Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
    ISBN: 9787501235162
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Latin American Economic Outlook 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives économiques de l'Amérique latine 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Econômicas da América Latina 2009
    Keywords: Development
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264055582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Finlande 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Finlande 2009
    Keywords: Environment ; Finland
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of Finland's environmental programs and policies covers air and water management, nature and biodiversity, sustainable development, the environment-economy interface, the environment-social interface, and international commitments. The review includes relevant statistical information as well as a series of recommendations for strengthening environmental infrastructure, implementing environmental policy and integrating environmental concerns into economic decisions.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264060180
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; China 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: China 2008
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Welche Kriterien müssen die Innovationsergebnisse eines Landes erfüllen, und welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen ihnen und der Wirtschaftsleistung? Welches sind die Hauptmerkmale, Stärken und Schwächen des Innovationssystems eines Landes? Wie können die Regierungen die Innovationstätigkeit fördern? Die OECD-Prüfungen der Innovationspolitik bieten eine umfassende Analyse des Innovationssystems einzelner OECD-Mitglieds- und -Nichtmitgliedsländer, bei der die Rolle der Politik und der Regierung im Mittelpunkt steht. Sie geben zudem konkrete Empfehlungen zu der Frage, wie ein breites Spektrum von die Innovationsergebnisse der Länder beeinflussenden Politikmaßnahmen zu verbessern ist. Bei jeder Prüfung werden bewährte Praktiken identifiziert, aus denen andere Länder lernen können. China hat über einen mehr als zwanzig Jahre andauernden Zeitraum ein spektakulär hohes Wirtschaftswachstum zu verzeichnen. Gleichwohl ist China heute mit der großen Herausforderung des Übergangs von einem stetigen zu einem vom sozialen, wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und umweltpolitischen Standpunkt her gesehen nachhaltigen Wachstum konfrontiert. Die Innovationstätigkeit wurde als eine Hauptantriebskraft für dieses neue Wachstumsmodell identifiziert, und die chinesische Regierung hat eine nationale Strategie initiiert, die bis zum Jahr 2020 eine innovationsinduzierte Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft entstehen lassen soll. Wird es China gelingen, die Herausforderung dieses Übergangs zu meistern? Welche Veränderungen werden hierzu im Bereich der Politikmaßnahmen und Institutionen erforderlich sein? Wie wird sich die Wandlung Chinas zu einer künftigen innovationsgestützten Volkswirtschaft auf die OECD-Länder sowie auf die weltweiten Systeme der Wissensproduktion, -verbreitung und -nutzung auswirken? Der vorliegende Bericht versucht Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden, indem er den derzeitigen Zustand des nationalen Innovationssystems Chinas und seiner Investitionspolitik analysiert und besonders wichtige Verbesserungen empfiehlt, die sowohl im politischen als auch im institutionellen Umfeld erforderlich sind, damit es China gelingt, die Innovationstätigkeit durch einen marktorientierten Ansatz zu fördern.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264054950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Integrating climate change adaptation into development co-operation
    DDC: 363.73874
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Environment ; Development ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Abstract: The negative impacts of climate change will hit poor people and poor countries disproportionately, and further compromise the achievement of their development objectives. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation provides essential information and advice on how to facilitate the integration of adaptation into development processes. The objectives of this policy guidance are to: i) promote understanding of the implications of climate change on development practice and the associated need to mainstream climate adaptation in development co-operation agencies and partner countries; ii) identify appropriate approaches for integrating climate change adaptation into development policies at national, sectoral and project levels and in urban and rural contexts; and iii) identify practical ways for donors to support developing country partners in their efforts to reduce their vulnerability to climate variability and climate change. While efforts to integrate climate change adaptation will be led by developing country partners, international donors have a critical role to play in supporting such efforts.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264076303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 ; Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 : Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test method (BCOP) is an in vitro test method that can be used to classify substances as 'ocular corrosives and severe irritants'. The BCOP uses isolated corneas from the eyes of cattle slaughtered for commercial purposes, thus avoiding the use of laboratory animals. Each treatment group (test substance, negative/positive controls) consists of a minimum of three eyes where the cornea has been excised and mounted to a holder. Depending on the physical nature and chemical characteristics of the test substance, different methods can be used for its application since the critical factor is ensuring that the test substance adequately covers the epithelial surface. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured as opacity and permeability, which when combined gives an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for each treatment group. A substance that induces an IVIS superior or equal to 55.1 is defined as a corrosive or severe irritant.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Abstract: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264056954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la frontière ; Coûts et bénéfices de la facilitation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la frontière : Coûts et bénéfices de la facilitation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Overcoming border bottlenecks
    DDC: 382
    RVK:
    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftsförderung ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Trade ; Außenhandel ; Handelshemmnis ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse
    Abstract: International trade has grown rapidly in recent years, thanks in part to the progressive reduction of tariffs and quotas through successive rounds of multilateral trade liberalisation. However, this progress brings to light one of the remaining weak links of international trade, which prevents countries from drawing full benefits from the advantages of open global markets: border bottlenecks generated by inefficient, outdated and complex trade procedures and formalities. This book brings together six studies that examine to what extent and in which ways the costs of inefficient border processes influence trade and investment flows, how institutional and political factors affect the design and implementation of efficiency-enhancing measures, whether the expected benefits of these measures enough to justify the expenses of putting them in place, and whether the expenses involved are within the reach of developing and least developed countries, especially in light of other development priorities.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MADRID : Dirección General de Tráfico, Spain
    ISBN: 9789282102374
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la vitesse
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264034044
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies; Kazakhstan 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Kazakhstan 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Kazakhstan
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264075887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine ; Quelques jalons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine : Quelques jalons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: African agriculture is a sleeping giant. Agribusiness remains in its infancy in most sub-Saharan African countries. Many of them now pay higher prices for imported food products and struggle to keep inflationary pressures under control. Given the strong long-term prospect for world food prices, increasing the productivity of food crops becomes a top priority. It requires sizeable investments in irrigation, storage, transport infrastructure and logistics, as well as better access to markets for inputs (fertilizers, seeds, planting materials and credit). While successful contract-farming schemes exist for export crops, they remain rare for food crops. Greater involvement of the private sector in designing and implementing such food-crop commercialisation programmes could develop viable local food industries. Existing international financing facilities such as the Enhanced Private Sector Assistance (EPSA) for Africa should get full use. Whether Africa can unleash the potential of commercial agriculture in the coming decades also depends in no small part on the continuous and effective support of the international development community. The findings summarised in this volume can serve as building blocks for further international discussions on fostering agro-based private-sector development and lifting smallholders out of poverty.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 ; Études de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 : Études de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of administration. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rats and mice, and for oral administration. Both sexes should be used. Each dose group and concurrent control group should contain at least 50 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels and a concurrent control should be used. Animals are dosed with the test substance daily (oral, dermal or inhalation administration) and the mode of exposure should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the study will normally be 24 months for rodents. For specific strains of mice, duration of 18 months may be more appropriate. Termination of the study should be considered when the number of survivors in the lower dose groups or the control group falls below 25 per cent. The results of these studies include: measurements (weighing, food consumption), and, at least, daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9787502362225
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE ; Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE : Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    ISBN: 9789264065130
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government; The Way Forward
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Moderniser l'État ; La route à suivre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La modernización del estado ; El camino a seguir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government; The Way Forward (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government: The Way Forward
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Moderniser l'État : La route à suivre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La modernización del estado : El camino a seguir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government: The Way Forward (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: 공공부문의 현대화는 이제 더 이상 선택이 아닌 절대적 요건이다. 이를 통해 정부는 변화무쌍한 사회적 요구에 대응하게 되고 불확실한 국제적 환경에서 경쟁력을 유지 하게 된다. 이 책은 지난 20년간의 OECD국가의 공공부문 현대화에 관한 방대한 정보를 담고 있다. 과거 20년간 새로운 많은 아이디어와 정책이 소개되었다. 이러한 아이디어는 실무적으로도 효과적인가? 이 책은 정부혁신의 성공 및 실패 요인을 진단하고 앞으 로의 도전과제, 그리고 주요 개혁방법 및 수단을 소개하고 있다. 이 책은 정책자들에게는 미래를 설계하기 위해 필요한 지식을, 공공행정에 관심있는 일반 사람들에게는 유 익한 정보를 제공하게 될 것이다. “다른나라는공공행정을개선하기위해무엇을하고있는지궁금해하는행정가들과현대의정부개혁에대한개념적이해를구체화하기를원하는학자들에게이책은매우가치있는자료이다 신공공관리New Public Management) 시각을채택하고있는국가들뿐만아니라전통적공공행정을취하고있는국가들에게이책은매우유용한지침을제공한다” - Allen Schick, 메릴랜드대학정책학교수부르킹연구소-
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prague 1 : Centre for International Services of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic
    ISBN: 9788087335000
    Language: Czech
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'orientation professionnelle ; Guide pratique pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning; En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung; Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional ; Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'orientation professionnelle : Guide pratique pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning: En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung: Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional : Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Despite many examples of good practice, large weaknesses exist in many countries’ national career guidance services, according to extensive research conducted by the OECD, and by the Centre for the Development of Vocational Training and the European Training Foundation on behalf of the European Commission. Access is limited, particularly for adults. In addition, services often focus upon immediate decisions, and fail to develop career management skills. Training for those who provide services is frequently inappropriate, failing to reflect the full range of client needs or to take account of modern, more flexible delivery methods such as ICT. Services are poorly co-ordinated between different ministries, and between governments and other stakeholders. The evidence base is too weak to provide policy makers with useful data on outcomes, costs and benefits. These gaps stand in the way of governments’ attempts to implement lifelong learning, active employability and social equity policies. This joint publication by the OECD and the European Commission (staff working paper) gives policy makers practical tools to tackle these problems. In simple, non-technical language, the publication addresses a broad range of policy issues that are central to the effective delivery of career guidance services. These include: how to widen access to career guidance; ways of improving the quality of career information; ensuring that staff qualifications meet policy objectives; and improving strategic leadership. This publication is essential reading for all policy makers, especially those in education and labour, who are responsible for planning, managing and delivering career guidance services.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    ISBN: 9788484173243
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (696 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2008
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Esta edición pone el acento en el empleo de los inmigrantes. Presenta por primera vez un “marcador” de la integración de los inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo, así como un primer análisis de las diferencias salariales entre los inmigrantes y los autóctonos. Dos capítulos especiales sobre temas de actualidad. El primero se ocupa de la gestión de las migraciones de trabajadores poco cualificados y pasa revista a los diferentes tipos de programas, temporales y permanentes. Presta especial atención a la cuestión del empleo ilegal de extranjeros y a los programas de regularización. El segundo capítulo se ocupa de las migraciones de retorno y analiza su repercusión en el desarrollo económico del país de origen. Cada capítulo y cada gráfico va acompañado de un enlace dinámico (StatLink), que remite al lector a una página de Internet en la que se encuentran los datos correspondientes en formato Excel ®.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264063419
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2007; Public Policies across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pensions dans les pays de l'OCDE 2007 ; Panorama des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2007; Staatliche Politik im OECD-Ländervergleich
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2007: Public Policies across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pensions dans les pays de l'OCDE 2007 : Panorama des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2007: Staatliche Politik im OECD-Ländervergleich
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AL s Hertogenbosch : KPC Groep, Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789264063839
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends Shaping Education - 2008 Edition; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends Shaping Education 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les grandes mutations qui transforment l'éducation 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends Shaping Education - 2008 Edition: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Education
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP), Spain
    ISBN: 9789264062634
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Red Tape; National Strategies for Administrative Simplification
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éliminer la paperasserie ; Des stratégies nationales pour simplifier les formalités administratives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reduzindo burocracia; Estratégias nacionais de simplificação administrativa
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Red Tape: National Strategies for Administrative Simplification
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éliminer la paperasserie : Des stratégies nationales pour simplifier les formalités administratives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reduzindo burocracia: Estratégias nacionais de simplificação administrativa
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La mayoría de los países de la OCDE han hecho una prioridad la elaboración de políticas para disminuir las cargas administrativas (reducir el papeleo). La burocracia es onerosa particularmente para las empresas pequeñas y puede inhibir el emprendimiento. Estos efectos son más costosos en los mercados mundiales, en donde la competitividad puede ser afectada por la eficiencia de la regulación local y el entorno administrativo. Pero también los ciudadanos y las grandes empresas se quejan de la elaboración de reportes solicitados que son innecesarios.¿Qué pueden hacer los gobiernos al respecto? Las estrategias incluyen establecer metas cuantitativas para reducir las cargas administrativas cuando se diseñan o modifican normativas existentes; codificación; mejorar la coordinación multi-nivel; y la introducción rápida de servicios de e-gobierno. Cada vez más los gobiernos asignan responsabilidad a una unidad administrativa central apoyados por grupos de trabajo y comités externos. Este acercamiento de “gobierno entero” representa un paso mayor en los años recientes incrustando la simplificación administrativa en todo el sistema de calidad normativo en el nivel nacional.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul, 110-760 : Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea
    ISBN: 9788992396271
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Starting Strong II; Early Childhood Education and Care
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Petite enfance, grands défis II ; Éducation et structures d'accueil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Starting Strong II: Early Childhood Education and Care
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Petite enfance, grands défis II : Éducation et structures d'accueil
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264070400
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C ; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C : Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the modified MITI test (II). This test permits the measurement of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the analysis of residual chemicals in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability of chemical substances which have been found by the Standard MITI Method (I) to be low degradable. An automated closed-system oxygen consumption measuring apparatus (BOD-meter) is used. Chemicals to be tested are inoculated in the testing vessels (six bottles with different quantities of test chemical) with micro-organisms. In order to check the activity of the inoculum, the use of control substances (aniline, sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is desirable. During the test period, the BOD is measured continuously. Biodegradability is calculated on the basis of BOD and supplemental chemical analysis, such as measurement of the dissolved organic carbon concentration, concentration of residual chemicals, etc. The BOD curve is obtained continuously and automatically for 14 to 28 days. After the 14 to 28 days of testing, pH, residual chemicals and intermediates in the testing vessels are analysed.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264068537
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A crise financeira internacional aumenta a relevância dessa publicação anual, publicada em conjunto com o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BafD), o Centro de Desenvolvimento da OCDE e a Comissão Económica da ONU para a África (UNECA). Decisores na África e países da OCDE, assim como agências de ajuda ao desenvolvimento, investidores, ONGs e oficiais de governo dos países assistidos, econtrarão nessa publicação análises importantes para o seu trabalho. Perspectivas Económicas na África 2009 faz uma revisão da situação económica atual e prevê a evolução de curto-prazo de 47 países africanos, que representam 99 por cento do produto interno bruto do continente e 97 por cento da sua população. A perspectiva é traçada em uma análise por país baseada num modelo analítico exclusivo. Essa estrutura inclui um exercício de previsões para o ano corrente e para os dois anos seguintes, utilizando um modelo estatístico simples e uma análise do contexto político e social. A publicação também contém uma síntese comparativa de perspectivas de paises africanos, colocando a evolução de economias africanas no contexto económico mundial. A edição de 2009 foca em inovação e tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) na África, apresentando uma revisão completa da sua proliferação e uso no continente africano. Um apêndice estatítico completa o volume. O projeto Perspectivas económicas na África é apoiado generosamente pela Comissão Europeia e combina o conhecimento sobre as economias africanas do Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento e a UNECA com a experiência da OCDE, quem produz também o estudo Perspectivas económicas da OCDE duas vezes por ano.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 509 ; Essais au champ de plantes cultivées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 509 : Essais au champ de plantes cultivées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Crop field trials are conducted to determine the magnitude of the pesticide residue in or on raw agricultural commodities, including feed items, and should be designed to reflect pesticide use patterns that lead to the highest possible residues. Objectives of crop field trials are to: (1) quantify the expected range of residue(s) in crop commodities following treatment according to the proposed or established good agricultural practice; (2) determine, when appropriate, the rate of decline of the residue(s) of plant protection product(s) on commodities of interest; (3) determine residue values such as the “Supervised Trial Median Residue” and “Highest Residue” for conducting dietary risk assessment; and (4) derive maximum residue limits (MRLs). This Test Guideline requires one sample from treated plots at each sampling interval for crops that have eight or more crop field trials. The test substance(s) should be stored under appropriate conditions for the study duration and applied soon after preparation or mixing. Test substance applications should not be made in strong wind, during rain or when rainfall is expected shortly after application. For all applications, the application rate should be expressed in terms of amount of product and/or active ingredient per unit area. At the end of each crop field trial, the (stored) samples are analysed for residue level (expressed for example in mg/kg).
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/27
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budapest : Institute for Legal Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
    ISBN: 9789264066229
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government; The Way Forward
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Moderniser l'État ; La route à suivre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La modernización del estado ; El camino a seguir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government; The Way Forward (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government: The Way Forward
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Moderniser l'État : La route à suivre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La modernización del estado : El camino a seguir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government: The Way Forward (Korean version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Az állam, a kormány, a közigazgatás modernizálása, 21. századi követelményekhez való igazítása, tevékenységének az állandóan változó társadalmi, politikai, gazdasági, szociális feladatok megoldására való átalakítása minden állam—akár fejlett, akár kevésbé fejlett— egyik lefontosabb gondja. A magyar kormányok is programjaikba iktatták a kormányzat, a közigazgatás reformját, néhány lépést ebbe az irányba már meg is tettek. A korszer űsítés azonban nem vált széleskörűvé, s nem állítható az sem, hogy az életbeléptetett változások hatása átüt ő erejű lett volna. Az okokat keresve sok mindenre hivatkozhatnánk, most csak egyet említünk meg: a nemzetközi tapasztalatok, próbálkozások összefogott, értékelt ismeretének hiányát. Az OECD Párizsban székel ő központja sietett a kormányok segítségére, neves tudósok, egyetemi oktatók, elméleti és gyakorlati szakemberek közrem űködésével összeállítatta ezt a kötetet, amely, mint látni fogjuk az OECD tagországaiban folyó államszervezési, különösen a közigazgatás, kormányzás terén fellelhet ő gondokat, s ezek megoldására tett intézkedéseket dolgozza fel, elméleti igénnyel, és ugyanakkor a gyakorlati hasznosíthatóságra egyaránt tekintettel. Könyvünk felbecsülhetetlen segítséget nyújt az országunkban folyó modernizálódási törekvések megalapozásához is, egyben a közigazgatási szakemberképzés alapdokumentuma is lehet. A magyar kiadásnak sajátossága a már több országban lefordítva közreadott kötethez képest, hogy az alapm űvet kiegészíti öt olyan értékel ő bírálattal, amely az összehasonlító közigazgatás legrangosabb és legrégibb nemzetközi folyóiratában jelent meg, további tájékoztatást adva az általános tendenciák érvényesíthet őségének feltételeiről és korlátairól.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budapest : National Office for Research and Technology, Hungary
    ISBN: 9789638652843
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; Hungary 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Hungary 2008
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Hungary
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oleiros (La Coruña) : Netbiblo, S.L. Grupo Biblo, Spain
    ISBN: 9789264079809
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Factbook 2008; Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2008 ; Économie, environnement et société
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2008 : Économie, environnement et société
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Factbook 2008 (Libro de datos de la OCDE 2008) es la cuarta edición de una amplia y dinámica selección de estadísticas anuales de la OCDE: Con más de 100 indicadores que cubren un amplio rango de áreas: economía, agricultura, educación, energía, medio ambiente, ayuda extranjera, salud y calidad de vida, industria, información y comunicaciones, población/trabajadores, comercio e inversiones, impuestos, gasto público e investigación y desarrollo. Este año, el libro de datos de la OCDE contiene un capítulo dedicado a la productividad. Los datos son proporcionados por todos los países miembros de la OCDE con totales por regiones, y en algunos casos, de economías de países no miembros. Para cada indicador, hay una explicación de 2 páginas. La primera página de texto incluye una breve introducción seguida de una definición pormenorizada del indicador, comentarios sobre la comparación, una evaluación de tendencias a largo plazo relacionadas con el indicador, y una lista de fuentes para mayor información de los datos. La siguiente página contiene un cuadro estadístico y una gráfica que proporcionan, a simple vista, el mensaje clave que se deriva de los datos. Un enlace interactivo (StatLink) se adjunta a cada estadística remitiendo al lector a una página web en la que encontrará los datos correspondientes en formato Excel. El OCDE Factbook 2008 es una referencia clave para todo el que trabaja en temas de economía y políticas.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Warsaw : Ministry of Regional Development, Poland
    ISBN: 9788376100814
    Language: Polish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (245 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Pologne
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Pologne
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264059429
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Chine 2009 ; Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Chine 2009 : Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    DDC: 330.951
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; China ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Reformpolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Demokratisierung ; Governance ; China ; China ; Regulierung
    Abstract: China has made enormous progress in developing the modern legal and regulatory foundation for the market economy. The private sector is now the main driver of growth, and new laws have gone a long way toward establishing private property rights, competition, and mechanisms for entry and exit comparable to those of many OECD countries. At the same time important challenges remain, including further clarification of the scope of state ownership, reform of relations among central and local governments, firmer establishment of the rule of law, and strengthening of regulatory institutions and processes. This review of China's regulatory system focuses on the overall economic context for regulatory reform, the government’s capacity to manage regulatory reform, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. The review also examines the regulatory framework in the electricity, water and health care sectors. As for OECD countries, the review follows a multidisciplinary and highly interactive approach. A number of OECD instruments and policies are used in this assessment, although the review also takes into account the specific challenges faced by the Chinese authorities. The review includes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264060777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Top of the class
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; PISA-Studie ; OECD ; Naturwissenschaften ; Unterricht ; Qualität
    Abstract: The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264067233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This report assesses the current status of Korea’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities. It finds that Korea has one of the highest rates of spending on R&D in the world, much of which is performed by private firms. It also has a highly educated labour force – as signalled by its impressive PISA performance and exceptionally high rates of tertiary level graduation – with a strong interest in science and technology. However, a number of bottlenecks persist that hamper Korea’s economic convergence with the leading OECD economies. These include a relatively weak SME sector and weak performance in services, as well as lagging capacities to conduct leading-edge research in many areas. Furthermore, Korea faces numerous threats in the mid term, notably increased levels of competition from China and other newly-industrialising economies, the lowest fertility rate in the OECD and an ageing society, and a continuing high dependency on imports of natural resources, particularly hydrocarbons. In the shorter term, the economic crisis offers its own challenges, with the need for some policy adjustments to deal with expected falls in business investment in R&D and growing levels of unemployment among the highly skilled.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789282102329
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.144
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international ; Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks. The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make to improving security in aviation and maritime shipping by identifying methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their effectiveness, and examining techniques to allocate resources targeting the highest risks.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264062252
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264059771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The report analyses the retirement income systems of 18 Asian countries, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Vietnam. It says that reform is needed because: coverage of formal pension systems is relatively low; withdrawal of savings before retirement is very common; pension savings are often taken as lump sums and often do not provide people with adequate income over their lifetime; pensions payments are not automatically adjusted to reflect changes in the cost of living. In OECD countries, an average of 70% of the working-age population are eligible for a pension. However in South Asia, just 7.5% of the working-age population are eligible and in East Asia 18%. Furthermore, few countries in Asia/Pacific have social pensions to provide safety-net retirement incomes for people who are not members of formal schemes. Only in India are social pensions significant, with around 10 to 15% of older people covered.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264060906
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (445 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation; 15 Mexican States 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Abstract: Aunque México ha presentado estabilidad macroeconómica en años recientes, el país aún padece de un estancamiento en el crecimiento de su productividad. En un contexto mundial, la competitividad de México a largo plazo necesitará mayor acción tanto en el sector público como en el privado para estimular la innovación y el crecimiento económico en todas las regiones del territorio nacional. En este informe se revisan tanto las políticas nacionales como estatales de México y la manera en que pueden fomentar mejor los sistemas de innovación regional; incluye una semblanza de 15 estados.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 113 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness calls upon donor and partner countries to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of country systems in a way that guarantees ownership and sustainable results. Within this context, the current paper provides a synthesis of major elements and approaches of institutional assessment that may be applied to environmental management. It suggests that while a large number of diagnostic tools are in use, their level of elaboration is not sufficient for systemic sector-specific capacity assessments that would match partners’ and donors’ needs. In order to facilitate the improvement of these tools, the paper provides an inventory of core functions for environmental management. This inventory may be used by those involved in capacity assessments to consider more amply specifics of the environmental sector. Each function will need to be associated with benchmarks reflecting the multifaceted nature of institutional capacity. The evolving approaches to environmental management, as well as changes in the international and country context, impose the need to regularly update both the list of functions and complementary benchmarks.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.160
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This primer aims to provide policy makers a broad-brush understanding of the various dimensions of digital identity management (IdM). Consistent with the Seoul Ministerial Declaration, it also aims to support efforts to address public policy issues for securely managing and protecting digital identities, with a view to strengthening confidence in the online activities crucial to the growth of the Internet Economy.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789730063226
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires ; Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'information, la consultation et la participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participación ciudadana ; Manual de la OCDE sobre información,consulta y participación en la elaboración de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cittadini Partner; Manuale dell'OCSE sull'informazione, la consultazione e la partecipazione alla formulazione delle politiche pubbliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O cidadão como parceiro; Manual da OCDE sobre informação, consulta e participação na formulação de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires : Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'information, la consultation et la participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participación ciudadana : Manual de la OCDE sobre información,consulta y participación en la elaboración de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cittadini Partner: Manuale dell'OCSE sull'informazione, la consultazione e la partecipazione alla formulazione delle politiche pubbliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O cidadão como parceiro: Manual da OCDE sobre informação, consulta e participação na formulação de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264081093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The purpose of this handbook is to raise the awareness level of tax examiners and auditors on money laundering. It provides guidance in identifying money laundering during the conduct of normal tax audits. It also describes the resources and tools that are available for effective detection and deterrence. While the handbook does not detail criminal investigation methods, it does describe the nature and context of money laundering activities so that tax examiners and auditors can better understand how their contribution can assist criminal investigators in countering money laundering. Tax administrations can adapt the handbook to suit their particular circumstances and to take into account the varying roles that tax administrations have in relation to reporting unusual or suspicious transactions, receiving suspicious transaction reports and investigating money laundering offences. To aid this adaptation key areas of the handbook have been highlighted for “Country Specific Insertions”. While the aim of this handbook is to raise the awareness of tax examiners and tax auditors about the possible implications of transactions or activities related to money laundering and tax crimes, the handbook is not meant to replace domestic policies and procedures.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264043695
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Edition: Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: El capital –en particular el de tipo físico– juega varios roles en la vida económica: este constituye riqueza y provee de servicios en el proceso de producción. El capital es invertido, desinvertido y se deprecia llegando a ser obsoleto, y existe una cuestión de cómo medir todas estas dimensiones del capital en la industria y en las cuentas nacionales. El Manual del Capital revisado es la primera guía comprehensiva para los enfoques hacia la medición del capital. Este está dirigido a estadísticos, investigadores y analistas, y trata de dar asesoría práctica, mientras que provee una estructura teórica y un resumen de la literatura relevante. El Manual se presenta en tres partes –una primera parte–, con una descripción no técnica de los principales conceptos y de los pasos necesarios para la medición del capital; una segunda parte, dirigida a la implementación y una tercera parte, describiendo la teoría con una formulación matemática más completa del proceso de medición.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264079816
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain; Towards a New Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau ; Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain: Towards a New Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau : Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Los avances en tecnología no invasiva para la digitalización y neuroimagen del cerebro alcanzados en los últimos diez años trajeron consigo nuevos métodos de trabajo para los investigadores. En la última década se aprendió más acerca del funcionamiento del cerebro que durante todos los siglos anteriores. En muchas áreas se lograron avances importantes, pero la investigación sobre la capacidad del cerebro para desarrollarse, aprender y cambiar a lo largo del ciclo vital muestra avances prometedores. Estos desarrollos tendrán implicaciones profundas para el aprendizaje y la educaciónLa nueva “ciencia del aprendizaje” aclara la manera en que se desarrollan en el cerebro los procesos de percepción, memoria y lenguaje; informa sobre la importancia que tienen los primeros años y los tardíos en el aprendizaje exitoso durante toda la vida. También ofrece, entre otras cosas, percepciones sobre cómo mejorar las aptitudes para la lectura y para matemáticas y subraya la distinción fundamental entre naturaleza y crianza en el aprendizaje y el desarrollo cerebral.La obra destaca la importancia de adoptar el enfoque transdisciplinario que incluye la neurociencia cognoscitiva, la psicología, la atención de la salud y el diseño de políticas. De tal forma, cuando diversos profesionales –maestros, médicos y científicos– trabajen juntos en la búsqueda de respuestas a problemas neurocognoscitivos, habrá una esperanza real de lograr diagnósticos tempranos e intervenciones apropiadas ante condiciones como la dislexia o el mal de Alzheimer.Los anteriores y muchos otros aspectos se examinan en este libro.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lisboa : Office of the Secretary of State for Administrative Modernisation, Portugal
    ISBN: 9789722717847
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Life Easy for Citizens and Businesses in Portugal; Administrative Simplification and e-Government
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Life Easy for Citizens and Businesses in Portugal: Administrative Simplification and e-Government
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Portugal
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264076228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 ; Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons ; un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for certain endocrine active substances where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). This assay covers the screening of oestrogenic and androgenic activity, and aromatase inhibition. The assay was validated on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio); however zebrafish does not allow the detection of androgenic activity. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Vitellogenin is measured in fathead minnow, Japanese medaka and zebrafish, whereas secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka only.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264063488
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'orientation professionnelle ; Guide pratique pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Czech version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning; En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung; Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional ; Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'orientation professionnelle : Guide pratique pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Czech version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning: En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung: Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional : Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264075993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Mexico
    Abstract: Over the past decade, Mexico has made significant progress towards macroeconomic stability and has undertaken important structural reforms to further open the economy to trade and investment, and improve the functioning of markets for goods and services. However, potential gross domestic product (GDP) growth remains much too low to reduce widespread poverty and bridge the wide gap in living standards with wealthier OECD countries. One important reason for this is that Mexico has been slower than those in many competing newly industrialising economies to realise the importance of investment in innovation as a driver of growth and competitiveness. This book assesses the current status of Mexico’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Abstract: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les pensions privées 2008
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As the role of private pension systems grows in importance, there is a need to monitor their development and review their performance in an international context, especially following the crisis in the financial markets in 2008. This first edition of the OECD Private Pensions Outlook provides essential data on assets, investments, membership, and industry structure based on the latest official statistics, as well as a framework for evaluating the trends shaping the pensions industry, based on the role of the private pensions in relation to the public pension system. It also provides comprehensive country profiles, describing private pension arrangements in individual OECD countries. This edition's special feature covers the implications for pensions and private pensions policy of the financial crisis. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs linking graphs and tables via the internet to Excel® table containing the underlying data.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264049079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of the Czech Republic's tertiary education system, including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development with a view to helping understand how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help achieve economic and social goals.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Permanent Delegation of Italy to the OECD
    ISBN: 9789264077355
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Italy 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Italie 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Italie 2009
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/12
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264062009
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD in Figures 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'OCDE en chiffres 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die OECD in Zahlen 2008
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago : Ministry of the Interior, Chile
    ISBN: 9789568468187
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Chile 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Chile 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile ha alcanzado un fuerte crecimiento económico en los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, su economía depende de unos pocos sectores basados en recursos localizados en un pequeño número de regiones. El desempeño de las regiones chilenas es significativamente variado y las disparidades regionales en PIB per cápita son muy elevadas en comparación con las de los países de la OCDE. Hasta el momento, las regiones chilenas no han dado todo el uso potencial a sus activos, ni tampoco alcanzado su potencial de crecimiento.El presente informe recomienda desplazarse hacia un enfoque territorial del desarrollo chileno, de manera de adaptar de mejor forma la acción pública a las diferentes oportunidades y necesidades de los diversos territorios del país. Para mejorar su productividad, las regiones de Chile resultarían particularmente beneficiadas por políticas contextualizadas y orientadas hacia la innovación y el emprendimiento, y por mejoras en la educación y la capacitación.Al mismo tiempo, cambiar hacia políticas contextualizadas en Chile requerirá el fortalecimiento del marco institucional del nivel regional. Esto implicará aumentar las capacidades y la estructura de los gobiernos regionales, de manera que éstos se transformen en activos participantes de la discusión, la planificación y la coordinación de las políticas de desarrollo regional. Un manejo político multinivel y acuerdos de coordinación, junto a otros mecanismos como la formación de capacidades y el fortalecimiento de las modalidades de participación, ayudará a aumentar la legitimidad, coherencia y efectividad de una reforma en este sentido.Estudios Territoriales OCDE de Chile es parte de un programa más amplio de informes nacionales, emprendido por el Comité de Políticas de Desarrollo Territorial de la OCDE. El foco central de esta serie de Estudios Territoriales es el de proveer a los gobiernos nacionales de recomendaciones prácticas en materia de política. Los países previamente estudiados son Canadá, Corea, Finlandia, Francia, Hungría, Italia, Japón, Luxemburgo, México, Noruega, Polonia, Portugal, República Checa y Suiza.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264070608
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 403 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 403 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test article (gas, vapour or aerosol/particulate test article) by inhalation. The revised Test Guideline describes two studies: a traditional LC50 protocol and a Concentration x Time (C x t) protocol. It can be used to estimate a median lethal concentration (LC50), non-lethal threshold concentration (LC01) and slope, and to identify possible sex susceptibility. This Test Guideline enables a test article quantitative risk assessment and classification according to the Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. In the traditional LC50 protocol, animals are exposed to one limit concentration or to three concentrations, at least, for a predetermined duration, generally of 4 hours. Usually 10 animals should be used for each concentration. In the C x T protocol, animals are exposed to one limit concentration or a series of concentrations over multiple time durations. Usually 2 animals per C x t interval are used. Animals (the preferred species is the rat) should be observed for at least 14 days. The study includes measurements (including weighing), daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264076211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 229 ; Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 229 : Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for fish reproduction where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). The short term reproduction assay was validated in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and this is the recommended species. The assay is run with three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. For the fathead minnow, four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). During the conduct of the assay, the egg production is measured quantitatively daily in each test vessel. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, two biomarker endpoints are measured in males and females separately, as indicators of endocrine activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Gonads of both sexes are also preserved and histopathology may be evaluated to assess the reproductive fitness of the test animals and to add to the weight of evidence of other endpoints.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264063426
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille ; Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life: A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille : Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264076822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of nineteen OECD Member countries. It also summarises the institutional framework and procedures governing budgeting in each of these countries.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264076242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 ; Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is recommended for use in the Guideline. The assay uses three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. The assay starts with tadpoles at the development stage 51 on the Nieuwkoop and Faber scale and is extended for a duration of 21 days. Four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). After 7 days of exposure, a sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is sampled for the measurement of the length of the hind-limb. At termination of 21-day exposure period, developmental stage, snout-to-vent length and hind limb length are measured on all remaining tadpoles. A sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is fixed (whole-body or dissected) for histopathology of the thyroid gland.
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