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  • Online Resource  (63)
  • 2010-2014  (63)
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  • Lucius, Robert von
  • Environment  (41)
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  • 1
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Former Title: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Toujours plus d'inégalité : Pourquoi les écarts de revenus se creusent
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Divided we stand
    DDC: 339.209177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Globalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Verfügbares Einkommen ; Umverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; OECD ; Einkommensverteilung ; Ungleichheit
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Intellectual assets and innovation
    Keywords: Immaterielle Werte ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Innovationsmanagement ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Innovation
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD regional outlook 2011
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Bericht ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264122390
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 235; Chironomus sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 235: Chironomus sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit un essai aigu d’immobilisation de chironomes, conçu pour compléter les les Lignes directrices pour des essais de toxicité chroniques sur chironomes (LD 218, 219 et 233). La méthode d’essai s’appuie sur la LD 202 : Daphnia sp., essai d’immobilisation immédiate. Des chironomes au premier stade larvaire sont exposés à une gamme de concentrations de la substance d’essai dans un récipient contenant uniquement de l’eau, pour une période de 48 heures. C. riparius est l’espèce préférrée, mais il est aussi possible d’utiliser C. dilutus ou C. yoshimatsui. Il convient d’utiliser, pour chaque concentration d’essai et pour les témoins, au moins 20 animaux, répartis de préférence en quatre groupes de cinq animaux. Au moins cinq concentrations sont utilisées pour l’essai définitif, avec un témoin pour l’eau de dilution et un pour le solvant (le cas échéant). L’immobilisation est enregistrée à 24 et 48 heures. La CE50 est calculée à 24 et 48 heures (si les données le permettent). Un essai limite à concentration unique peut être conduit à 100 mg/l de substance d’essai ou jusqu’à sa limite pratique de solubilité (Si cette valeur est la plus basse), de façon à démontrer que la CE50 est supérieure à cette concentration.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264069930
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 201; Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cet essai est de déterminer les effets d'une substance sur la croissance d'algues microscopiques dulcicoles et/ou de cyanobactéries. Les organismes d'essai en phase de croissance exponentielle sont exposés à la substance d'essai dans des cultures en lots normalement sur une période de 72 heures. L’effet observé est la réduction de croissance dans une série de cultures d'algues exposées à, au moins, cinq concentrations d'une substance d'essai. Trois réplicats pour chaque concentration d'essai doivent être employées. L’effet est évalué en fonction de la concentration d'exposition, en comparaison avec la croissance moyenne des cultures témoins. On permet la croissance exponentielle sans restriction des cultures dans des conditions suffisamment nutritives (deux milieux de croissance alternatifs: l'OCDE et l'AAP) et un éclairage continu fluorescent. La croissance et l'inhibition de croissance sont quantifiées à partir des mesures de la biomasse des algues en fonction du temps. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 mg/l. Cette étude inclut la détermination, au moins quotidienne, de la biomasse des algues, la mesure du pH (au début et à la fin) et une observation microscopique. Cette Ligne directrice décrit deux variables : le taux de croissance spécifique moyen, et le rendement.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264122550
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 443 ; Étude étendue de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 443 : Étude étendue de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to provide an evaluation of reproductive and developmental effects that may occur as a result of pre- and postnatal chemical exposure as well as an evaluation of systemic toxicity in pregnant and lactating females and young and adult offspring. In the assay, sexually-mature males and females rodents (parental (P) generation) are exposed to graduated doses of the test substance starting 2 weeks before mating and continuously through mating, gestation and weaning of their pups (F1 generation). At weaning, pups are selected and assigned to cohorts of animals for reproductive/developmental toxicity testing (cohort 1), developmental neurotoxicity testing (cohort 2) and developmental immunotoxicity testing (cohort 3). The F1 offspring receive further treatment with the test substance from weaning to adulthood. Clinical observations and pathology examinations are performed on all animals for signs of toxicity, with special emphasis on the integrity and performance of the male and female reproductive systems and the health, growth, development and function of the offspring. Part of cohort 1 (cohort 1B) may be extended to include an F2 generation; in this case, procedures for F1 animals will be similar to those for the P animals.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264119598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Undertaken jointly with United Nations Environment Programme, the report analyses policies and issues related to climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector. It provides policy recommendations, with the objective to identify priority areas to be included in a framework for action in the area of climate change and tourism. A review of the state of policy-making on this important issue clearly indicates that greater efforts could be made by countries to understand the likely impacts of climate change on tourism; there is a low awareness of the tourism sector's climate change mitigation and adaptation needs; and that current policy, with few exceptions, is inadequate to the scale of the challenge, both on mitigation and adaptation.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264122819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 ; Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 : Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo assay that detects chemicals that may induce gene mutations. In this assay, transgenic rats or mice that contain multiple copies of chromosomally integrated plasmid or phage shuttle vectors are used. The transgenes contain reporter genes for the detection of various types of mutations induced by test substances. A negative control group and a minimum of 3 treatment groups of transgenic animals are treated for 28 consecutive days. Administration is usually followed by a 3-day period of time, prior to sacrifice, during which the agent is not administered and during which unrepaired DNA lesions are fixed into stable mutations. At the end of this 3-day period, the animals are sacrificed, genomic DNA is isolated from the tissue(s) of interest and purified. Mutations that have arisen during treatment are scored by recovering the transgene and analysing the phenotype of the reporter gene in a bacterial host deficient for the reporter gene. Mutant frequency, the reported parameter in these assays,is calculated by dividing the number of plaques/plasmids containing mutations in the transgene by the total number of plaques/plasmids recovered from the same DNA sample.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264122383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 235 ; Chironomus sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 235 : Chironomus sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an acute immobilisation assay on chronomids and is designed to complement existing Test Guidelines for chironomid chronic toxicity assays (TG 218, 219 and 233). The test method is based on TG 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test. First instar Chironomus sp. larvae are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance in water-only vessels for a period of 48 hours. C. riparius is the preferred species but C. dilutus or C. yoshimatsui may also be used for the test. At least 20 larvae, preferably divided into four groups of five larvae each, should be used for each test concentration and for controls. In the definitive test, at least five test concentrations should be used, with a dilution water control and solvent control (if appropriate). Immobilisation is recorded at 24 and 48 hours, and if data allow, the EC50 is calculated at 24 and 48 hours. A limit test with a single concentration may also be performed at 100 mg/L of test substance or up to the practical limit of solubility (whichever is lowest) in order to demonstrate that the EC50 is greater than this concentration.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264086920
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Sustainability Impact Assessment
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document constitue une introduction générale aux études d'impact sur la durabilité (EID). Cette méthode permet d'évaluer les incidences économiques, environnementales et sociales combinées d'un éventail de politiques, programmes, stratégies et plans d'action. Ces évaluations peuvent aussi faciliter la prise de décision et la planification stratégique tout au long du cycle des politiques publiques.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264110618
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation; Policy Guidance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation: Policy Guidance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: As alterações climáticas são uma ameaça séria e a longo prazo que pode afetar todo o globo. Os seus impactes negativos atingirão as pessoas pobres e os países pobres de forma desproporcional e comprometerão a persecução dos seus objetivos de desenvolvimento. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento fornece informação essencial e aconselha o modo de facilitação a integração da adaptação nos processos de desenvolvimento. Os objetivos deste guia para o desenvolvimento de políticas são: i) promover o entendimento das implicações das alterações climáticas na prática do desenvolvimento e a necessidade associada de integrar a adaptação ao clima nas agências de cooperação para o desenvolvimento e nos países parceiros; ii) identificar abordagens apropriadas para integrar a adaptação às alterações climáticas nas políticas de desenvolvimento aos níveis nacional, setorial e de projeto e nos contextos urbanos e rurais; e iii) identificar meios práticos para os doadores apoiarem os países em desenvolvimento parceiros nos seus esforços para reduzir a sua vulnerabilidade à variabilidade e alterações climáticas. Enquanto os esforços para integrar a adaptação aos às alterações climáticas serão conduzidos pelos países em desenvolvimento parceiros, os doadores internacionais têm um papel crítico a desempenhar no apoio a tais esforços. Este guia para o desenvolvimento de políticas é especialmente formatado para os agentes de definição de políticas e para as agências de cooperação e suas contrapartes nos governos dos países em desenvolvimento, bem como para as partes interessadas não governamentais.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264098473
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environmentaux de l'OCDE; Norvège 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environmentaux de l'OCDE: Norvège 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Norway
    Abstract: This report presents the third OECD review of Norway’s environmental policy performance. Previous reviews were published in 2001 and 1993. Topics covered in this report include greening growth, implementation of environmental policies, international cooperation, climate change, waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature and biodiversity.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264097896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Portugal 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Portugal
    Abstract: This report presents the OECD review of Portugal’s environmental policy performance for 2011. It finds that environmental policies have been consolidated and strengthened since the last review in 2001, but that meeting the post-Kyoto targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be challenging. With energy and climate policies being closely related, the report points out that with less than 50% of hydro capacity currently being exploited, there is potential for further development in that area. It also describes the challenges regarding coastal zone and marine management. Topics covered in the report include greening growth, implementation of environmental policies , international co-operation , climate change, waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature and biodiversity. Further information about the Environmental Performance Review programme is available on line via www.oecd.org/env/countryreviews.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264111745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smart rules for fair trade
    DDC: 382/.63
    Keywords: 1961-2011 ; Exportkredit ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, we examine the unique work the organisation performs in regulating and rationalising governments’ use of export credits in support of exports, jobs, economic growth and national interests more broadly. This work is part of a global post war effort to emphasise multilateral co operation and sound economic policies to promote co operation, efficiency and prosperity rather than destructive competition, controversy and conflict. OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets. The objective is to eliminate subsidies and unfair practices in the economic competition that forms the foundation of a healthy and dynamic global economy. The elimination of official financing subsidies in global trade is only a part of the broader trade policy agenda, but it is a vital part, and has been delegated to the OECD by the WTO. Since financing is the life blood of trade flows, specialised OECD housed work allows trade to flow efficiently for aircraft and other capital goods while other trade policy work and litigation continue at the WTO. The export credits work at the OECD is described in this collection of essays. However it is about much more than the series of agreements described herein. It is more fundamentally about the governments and their people - policy makers and experts - who gather at the OECD to build collectively a system of export credits disciplines that is fair, transparent, adaptable and effective. It is therefore as much about people and ideas as anything else. The export credit secretariat pictured above represents only the latest in a long line of OECD staff committed to facilitate and advise this work. The OECD’s motto on its 50th anniversary is “Better Policies for Better Lives.” This reminds us that in the end, it is policies that are at the centre of human well being. And export credits work is about promoting these better policies by developing “smart rules” that open markets and maintain a level playing field and by bringing people and governments together to this end.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264111332
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Green Growth
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La Stratégie de l’OCDE pour une croissance verte vise à formuler des recommandations concrètes et à fournir des instruments de mesure, notamment des indicateurs, qui aideront les pays à engendrer la croissance économique et le développement, tout en veillant à ce que les actifs naturels continuent de fournir les ressources et les services environnementaux sur lesquels repose notre bien-être. La Stratégie propose un cadre d’action adaptable selon les spécificités nationales et le stade de développement des pays. Cet ouvrage, que complète le document Outils pour la mise en place d'une croissance verte, est accompagné du rapport intitulé Vers une croissance verte – Suivre les progrès : Les indicateurs de l'OCDE.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264124974
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264119529
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance of state-owned enterprises
    RVK:
    Keywords: 2005-2010 ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Corporate Governance ; OECD-Staaten ; OECD ; Corporate Governance ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Geschichte 2005-2012
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264122369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 ; Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 : Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an assay that assesses early life-stage effects and potential adverse consequences of putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g. oestrogens, androgens and steroidogenesis inhibitors) on fish sexual development. In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized egg until the completion of sexual differentiation at about 60 days post hatch, to at least three concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water. In each treatment level and control(s) group(s), a minimum of four replicates is recommended. At termination of the test, two core endpoints are measured in each fish: vitellogenin concentration from head and tail or from blood sampling, and proportion of males, females, intersex and undifferentiated fish through gonadal histology. In fish species possessing a genetic sex marker, the genetic sex is identified to determine sex reversal in individual fish. The combination of the two core endocrine endpoints, vitellogenin concentration and phenotypic (and possibly genotypic) sex ratio, enable the test to indicate the mode of action of the test chemical.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264122802
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 456; H295R Steroidogenesis Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 456: H295R Steroidogenesis Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit un essai in vitro permettant de détecter les effets de produits chimiques sur la stéroïdogenèse, en particulier la production de 17β-œstradiol (E2) et de testostérone (T). La lignée cellulaire H295R de carcinome surrénalien humain, utilisée pour cet essai, exprime les gènes qui codent toutes les enzymes clés pour la stéroïdogenèse. Après une période d’acclimatation de 24 h dans les plaques de culture multi-puits, les cellules sont exposées pendant 48 h à sept concentrations du produit chimique d’essai, au moins en triplicat. Le solvant ainsi qu’un inhibiteur et un inducteur connus de la production des hormones sont employés à une concentration fixe comme témoins négatifs et positifs. À la fin de la période d’exposition, on analyse la viabilité des cellules de chaque puits. Plusieurs méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour mesurer la concentration des hormones dans le milieu, notamment les trousses commerciales de dosage des hormones ou des techniques instrumentales comme les systèmes combinés de chromatographie en phase liquide et spectrométrie de masse. Les données sont exprimées sous la forme d’un facteur multiplicatif de changement par rapport au témoin solvant et d’une concentration minimale avec effet observé. Si l’essai est négatif, la plus forte concentration testée est indiquée sous la dénomination de «concentration sans effet observé».
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264122376
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 234; Fish Sexual Development Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 234: Fish Sexual Development Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne Directrice décrit un essai permettant d’évaluer les effets sur les premiers stades de vie et les conséquences néfastes possibles de produits chimiques potentiellement perturbateurs endocriniens (ex. oestrogènes, androgènes et inhibiteurs de la stéroïdogenèse) sur le développement sexuel des poissons. Dans l’essai, les poissons sont exposés, de l'œuf nouvellement fécondé à l'achèvement de la différenciation sexuelle vers 60 jours après la ponte, à au moins trois concentrations de la substance d'essai dissoute dans de l'eau. A chaque niveau de traitement et dans le(s) témoin(s), il est recommandé d’utiliser au moins quatre réplicats. A la fin de l’essai, deux effets principaux sont mesurés sur chaque poisson: la concentration de vitellogénine à partir d’échantillons biologiques de tête et de queue ou à partir du sang, et la proportion de mâles, femelles, hermaphrodites et de poissons non sexuellement différenciés, à partir de l’examen histologique des gonades. Pour les espèces de poissons possédant un marqueur génétique sexuel, le sexe génétique est identifié chez chaque individu pour déterminer si une réversion sexuelle a eu lieu. La combinaison des deux effets endocriniens principaux, la concentration de vitellogénine et le ratio phénotypique mâles/femelles (et éventuellement le sexe génotypique) permet à l’essai d’indiquer le mode d’action de la substance testée.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264122581
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 443; Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 443: Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est élaborée en vue de permettre l’évaluation des effets pré- et postnataux d’une exposition aux produits chimiques, sur la reproduction et le développement, ainsi que l’examen de la toxicité systémique chez les femelles gravides et allaitantes ainsi que chez la descendance (petits et adultes). Dans cet essai, des groupes de rongeurs mâles et femelles sexuellement matures (génération parentale P) sont exposés en continu à une gradation de doses de la substance d’essai. L’exposition commence 2 semaines avant l’accouplement et se poursuit pendant la période d’accouplement, la gestation et jusqu’au sevrage des portées (génération F1). Au moment du sevrage, les petits F1 sont sélectionnés et affectés au hasard à une cohorte d’animaux pour effectuer des essais de toxicité pour la reproduction/le développement (cohorte 1), des essais de neurotoxicité pour le développement (cohorte 2) et des essais d’immunotoxicité pour le développement (cohorte 3). La descendance F1 reçoit encore la substance d’essai du sevrage jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Tous les animaux subissent un examen clinique et pathologique destiné à mettre en évidence des signes de toxicité ; cet examen s’attache particulièrement à l’intégrité et au fonctionnement des appareils reproducteurs mâles et femelles ainsi qu’à la santé, la croissance, le développement et la fonction reproductrice de la descendance. Une partie de la cohorte 1 (cohorte 1B) peut ensuite être étendue à des animaux de génération F2 ; dans ce cas, les protocoles pour les animaux F1 seront les mêmes que pour les animaux P.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264096684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better policies to support eco-innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Innovation ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Technologietransfer ; Umweltschutz ; Clean Development Mechanism ; Public Private Partnership ; Fallstudie ; Environment ; OECD ; Umwelttechnik ; Forschungsförderung
    Abstract: Eco-innovation is more important than ever on the public policy agenda. It is a major driver for green growth and contributes to the environmental performance and economic development of OECD and developing countries alike. This report takes a pragmatic approach to policies that support the development and diffusion of eco-innovation. Building on the OECD Innovation Strategy, it argues that eco-innovation is not merely about technological developments: non-technical innovations matter as well. It acknowledges that policies do not operate in a vacuum and that they must take account of the contexts that influence the development and diffusion of eco-innovation, such as market structures. It explores links between eco-innovation policies and related fields such as industry, competition, and international cooperation. This work builds on an OECD inventory of eco-innovation policies in OECD countries and in China. It also draws on studies of select environment-friendly innovations, highlighting different patterns of development across countries. It also incorporates extensive international consultation on the topics of eco-innovation and green growth. The results from this publication will contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth. For more information on OECD work on eco-innovation, visit: www.oecd.org/greengrowth www.oecd.org/environment/innovation www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/green
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264124967
    Language: Bulgarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264122642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 ; Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 : Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. After an acclimation period of 24 h in multi-well plates, cells are exposed for 48 h to seven concentrations of the test chemical in at least triplicate. Solvent and a known inhibitor and inducer of hormone production are run at a fixed concentration as negative and positive controls. At the end of the exposure period, cell viability in each well is analyzed. Concentrations of hormones in the medium can be measured using a variety of methods including commercially available hormone measurement kits and/or instrumental techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data are expressed as fold change relative to the solvent control and the Lowest-Observed-Effect-Concentration. If the assay is negative, the highest concentration tested is reported as the No-Observed-Effect-Concentration.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264122826
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 488; Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 488: Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit un test in vivo qui détecte les produits chimiques qui peuvent induire des mutations génétiques. Pour ces essais, on utilise des rats ou des souris transgéniques qui comportent de multiples copies de vecteurs navettes de plasmides ou de phages intégrés dans leurs chromosomes. Les transgènes contiennent des gènes rapporteurs pour la détection de différents types de mutations induites par les substances d’essai. Des animaux transgéniques répartis en un groupe témoin négatif et un minimum de 3 niveaux de dose sont traités pendant 28 jours consécutifs. L'administration est généralement suivie d'une période de 3 jours, antérieure au sacrifice, au cours de laquelle la substance n'est pas administrée et au cours de laquelle les lésions d'ADN non réparées se fixent sous forme de mutations stables. A la fin de cette période de 3 jours, les animaux sont sacrifiés et l'ADN génomique est isolé du/des tissus(s) d'intérêt puis purifié. On score les mutations qui se sont produites chez les rongeurs en retrouvant le transgène et en analysant le phénotype du gène rapporteur chez un hôte bactérien démuni du gène rapporteur. On obtient la fréquence des mutants, qui est le paramètre observé dans cet essai, en divisant le nombre de plages/plasmides contenant les mutations qui se produisent dans le transgène par le nombre total de plages/plasmides retrouvés dans un même échantillon d'ADN.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264120525
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Meeting the challenge of financing water and sanitation
    DDC: 338.4/336361
    Keywords: Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Kanalisation ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Abwasserbeseitigung ; Entsorgungswirtschaft ; Kanalisation ; Finanzierung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264096875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique de l'environnement et comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Umweltschutz ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Wirtschaftliches Verhalten ; Environment ; Australien ; Kanada ; Tschechien ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Mexiko ; Niederlande ; Industriestaaten ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Umweltbelastung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of what factors affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Recent OECD work based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households across a number of countries and areas represents a breakthrough by providing a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. This publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011 in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and households’ characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This book is a milestone for all those interested by the challenging question of ways to promote greener behaviour, from policy makers to individual citizens.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264097353
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Impacts of International Shipping; The Role of Ports
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Impacts of International Shipping: The Role of Ports
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Il est essentiel que les ports fonctionnent de façon efficiente pour le développement économique de la vaste zone qui les entoure, mais le trafic maritime qui les dessert, la manutention des marchandises dans les installations portuaires et les activités de distribution dans l’arrière-pays peuvent avoir des impacts négatifs sur l’environnement. La présente étude passe en revue un certain nombre d’impacts environnementaux des ports, et elle examine les impacts environnementaux et économiques de divers instruments d’action qui sont ou peuvent être utilisés pour remédier à ces impacts. Elle s’appuie essentiellement sur les résultats d’études de cas consacrées à cinq des plus grands ports de la zone OCDE, – à savoir ceux de Los Angeles et Long Beach aux États-Unis, Rotterdam aux Pays-Bas, Vancouver au Canada et Busan en Corée. On trouvera dans cette étude des exemples de problèmes environnementaux liés aux activités portuaires (tels que pollution atmosphérique et émissions de gaz à effet de serre, pollution des eaux, bruit, prolifération d’espèces envahissantes, etc.) et la présentation d’un certain nombre d’instruments d’action différents pouvant être utilisés pour limiter les impacts négatifs. A ce titre, ce livre permettra aux décideurs et aux chercheurs de tirer des enseignements des expériences d’autres pays.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264804258
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.30
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document intends to prioritise the sectors of the chemical industry for which more refined ESDs should be developed, provides key concepts and tools which are instrumental in the production of ESDs for the chemical industry such as life cycle stages, factors influencing emissions and release quantification methods. This document will be a starting point for the development of ESDs for the chemical industry.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    ISBN: 9789264111639 , 9264111638
    Language: English
    Pages: 386 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Divided we stand
    DDC: 339.209177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Globalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Verfügbares Einkommen ; Umverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Income distribution ; OECD countries ; OECD ; Einkommensverteilung ; Ungleichheit
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2011, 01
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Committee on Consumer Policy launched a project to examine ways to enhance the value and effectiveness of green claims in April 2009. In support of the work, a workshop with representatives from government, business and civil society was held in April 2010. This report presents the findings and conclusions of the Committee’s work.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fostering innovation for green growth
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Umweltschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Innovation is key to green growth. It helps decouple growth from natural capital depletion and contributes to economic growth and job creation. Business is the driver of innovation, but governments need to provide clear and stable market signals, e.g. through carbon pricing. This book explores policy actions for the deployment of new technologies and innovations as they emerge: investment in research and development, support for commercialisation, strengthening markets and fostering technology diffusion. Competition will be essential to bring out the best solutions.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264118782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financing high-growth firms
    RVK:
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Risikokapital ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Unternehmensgründung ; Innovationspotenzial ; Finanzierung ; Risikokapital ; Investor
    Abstract: This report covers seed stage financing for high growth companies in OECD and non-OECD countries with a primary focus on angel investment. The paper provides an overview of angel financing, including a description of how it has evolved in OECD and non-OECD countries and policy interventions taken within some countries.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264111356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance verte ; Suivre les progrès ; Les indicateurs de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Towards green growth
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieverbrauch ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Environment ; Erde ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Umweltschutz ; OECD
    Abstract: This book provides measurement tools, including indicators, to support countries’ efforts to achieve economic growth and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. The strategy proposes a flexible policy framework that can be tailored to different country circumstances and stages of development. This report accompanies the synthesis report Towards Green Growth.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fisheries policy reform
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Island ; Südkorea ; Mexiko ; Norwegen ; Neuseeland ; Agriculture and Food ; Iceland ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; New Zealand ; Norway ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Island ; Südkorea ; Mexiko ; Norwegen ; Neuseeland
    Abstract: Much has been done over the years to improve fisheries management in OECD countries. Ongoing problems of over-fishing, overcapacity and the economic crisis intensify the need for reform. Although there is a general consensus on the importance of a successful fisheries management, the effort levels and effectiveness of policy reforms have differed among OECD countries. This study examines the factors that facilitate reform, as well as the difficulties countries face in the process of reform. It provides an overview of domestic reform experiences in Norway, Mexico, Iceland, New Zealand and Korea.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098497
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Norway 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Norway
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage est le troisième examen effectué par l'OCDE des performances environnementales de la Norvège. Les précédents examens ont été publiés en 2001 et 1993. Thèmes couverts: vers une croissance verte, mise en œuvre des politiques d’environnement, coopération internationale, intégration énergie-environnement, et gestion des zones côtières.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096776
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greening Household Behaviour; The Role of Public Policy
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les habitudes de consommation et le comportement des ménages ont des répercussions sur les stocks de ressources naturelles et la qualité de l’environnement qui devraient s’accentuer durant les années à venir. C’est pourquoi les gouvernements ont adopté une large panoplie de mesures afin d’inciter les consommateurs à intégrer le souci de l’environnement dans leurs achats et leurs habitudes. Parmi ces initiatives, on peut citer l’introduction de taxes liées à l’environnement, les normes de performance énergétique pour les logements, l’étiquetage des émissions de dioxyde de carbone pour les voitures, et les incitations fiscales en faveur de l’installation de panneaux solaires. Toutefois, comprendre et influer sur le comportement des ménages reste un défi pour les décideurs. Cette publication présente les principales conclusions de l’analyse des réponses à l’enquête de l’OCDE ainsi que les implications de ces résultats pour les politiques publiques. L’enquête a été effectuée auprès de plus de 10 000 ménages dans dix pays : l’Australie, le Canada, la Corée, la France, l’Italie, le Mexique, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas, la République tchèque et la Suède. Elle apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les mesures politiques qui ont un réel impact en examinant les facteurs qui déterminent les comportements à l’égard de l’environnement dans cinq domaines : la consommation d’eau, la consommation d’énergie, le choix du mode de transport personnel, la consommation d’aliments biologiques ainsi que la production et le recyclage des déchets. Politique de l’environnement et comportement des ménages est une ressource précieuse pour tous ceux qui sont intéressés par la difficile question de ce qui favorise l’adoption de modes de vie plus écologiques, des décideurs jusqu’aux citoyens.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264118263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Intellectual assets and innovation
    Keywords: Immaterielle Werte ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Innovationsmanagement ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Innovation
    Abstract: Intellectual Property Rights can be instrumental for SMEs to protect and build on their innovations; position themselves competitively vis-à-vis larger enterprises in global markets; gain access to revenues; signal current and prospective value to investors, competitors and partners; access knowledge markets and networks; open up new commercial pathways; or segment existing markets. However, while there is increasing recognition of their significance, as well as the need for appropriate intellectual asset management for SMEs across OECD countries, there are few regulatory frameworks or specific instruments directed to SMEs. This is in part due the pace of technological innovation, which often exceeds the time it takes for policy makers to create appropriate responses to the changing landscape of intellectual property. This study explores the relations between SME intellectual asset management, innovation and competitiveness in different national and sectoral contexts. It provides insights on the ability of SMEs to access and utilise the protection systems available to them and identifies key challenges for SMEs in appropriating full value from IPRs. It also investigates effectiveness of regulatory frameworks and policy measures to support SME access to IPRs, identifying best practices and proposing policy recommendations
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264120983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD regional outlook 2011
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Bericht ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The OECD Regional Outlook 2011 provides an overview of the main developments in performance among OECD regions and the challenges for regional policy after the crisis. The first two chapters present fresh analysis of regional growth and labour-market trends, exploring their implications for policy. This is followed by three chapters offering focused analyses of key policy issues. The first, and most immediate, concerns the state of sub-national government finances in the wake of the crisis and its implications for managing public investment, in particular, during a period of austerity. The next two chapters are concerned with the potential contribution of regions and regional policies to addressing the longer-term challenges of innovation and green growth. Part 3 of the Outlook presents a "policy forum", a wide-ranging debate on the role of regional policy today involving experts and officials from within and outside the OECD. Finally, the Outlook includes individual country pages providing detailed quantitative and qualitative information on regional performance, institutions and policy settings in OECD members.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060319
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Private Sector Participation in Water Infrastructure; OECD Checklist for Public Action
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: De nombreux pays ont sollicité le concours du secteur privé pour moderniser et développer leurs infrastructures en eau et en assainissement et améliorer l’efficacité des réseaux de distribution. Cet ouvrage constitue un catalogue cohérent d’orientations à l’intention des pouvoirs publics. Il couvre, notamment, la répartition des rôles, des risques et des responsabilités entre partenaires, les conditions d’un cadre institutionnel bénéfique et les arrangements contractuels susceptibles de permettre une coopération optimale avec le secteur privé et une meilleure utilisation des capacités de chacun.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264090415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economics of adapting fisheries to climate change
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Klimawandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: Climate change is becoming more evident and, as it increases, will alter the productivity of fisheries and the distribution of fish stocks. From an economic point of view, the changes will have impacts on fisheries and coastal communities in different ways. These expected changes require adaptable and flexible fisheries and aquaculture management policies and governance frameworks. However, the forms of future climate change and the extent of its impact remain uncertain. Fisheries policy makers therefore need to develop strategies and decision-making models in order to adapt to climate change under such uncertainty while taking into account social and economic consequences. While most work on climate change in the fisheries sector has focused on fisheries science, this book highlights the economic and policy aspects of adapting fisheries to climate change. An outcome of the OECD Workshop on the Economics of Adapting Fisheries to Climate Change, held in June 2010, the book outlines the actions that fisheries policy makers must undertake in the face of climate change. These include: strengthening the global governance system; a broader use of rights-based management systems; ecosystem protection; industry transformation through the ending of environmental harmful subsidies and a focus on demand for sustainably caught seafood; and, in particular, using aquaculture as a key part of the response to climate change.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097919
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Portugal 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Portugal
    Abstract: Ce livre propose des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par Portugal eu égard à ces engagements nationaux et internationaux en matière d’environnement, ainsi que des recommandations orientées vers l’action des pouvoirs publics. Ces examens ont pour objectif de promouvoir l’apprentissage entre pairs, d’encourager les pays à rendre compte de leur action aux autres pays et à leur opinion publique, ainsi que d’améliorer les performances environnementales des gouvernements, individuellement et collectivement. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Des informations complémentaires sur le programme d’examens environnementaux de l'OCDE peuvent être obtenues en ligne à l’adresse suivante : www.oecd.org/env/examenspays.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264121836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Slovak Republic 2011; (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This 2011 review of the Slovak Republic's environmental policies and programmes covers recent developments, greening growth, implementation of environmental policies, climate change and energy, agriculture and the environment and international cooperation.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264118843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensemble pour améliorer les services publics ; Partenariat avec les citoyens et la société civile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Together for better public services
    Keywords: Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Bürgerbeteiligung
    Abstract: This report analyses the partnerships that governments form with citizens, users and CSOs in order to innovate and deliver improved public service outcomes. These approaches can offer creative policy responses that enable governments to provide better public services in times of fiscal constraints. Although co production and citizens’ involvement are still in the developmental stage in many countries, early efforts appear to lead to cost reductions, better service quality and improved user satisfaction. This report identifies the risks of citizen and user involvement in service delivery, and the barriers that must be overcome to make these models work. Top-level political commitment, adequate public sector capacity, and aligned financial incentives are the key factors for success. “Co-production is attracting increasing interest among scholars and practitioners alike. This report, which offers a comprehensive survey of existing practice across OECD countries, is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the state of play internationally.” -Professor John Alford, Australia and New Zealand School of Government, (author, Engaging Public Sector Clients: From Service-Delivery to Co-Production, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264090293
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La biodiversité et les services écosystémiques ont des retombées positives directes pour la collectivité, comme l’approvisionnement en nourriture, la purification de l'eau, la disponibilité de ressources génétiques ou la régulation du climat. Ces services assurent ainsi des fonctions essentielles au maintien de la vie et contribuent à la santé humaine, au bien-être et à la croissance économique. Pourtant, la biodiversité est en recul partout dans le monde et, dans certains domaines, cette perte s'accélère. Le besoin de politiques qui favorisent la conservation et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité et des services écosystémiques est plus important que jamais. Les Paiements pour services écosystémiques (PSE) sont un mécanisme direct et souple à base d'incitations par lequel l'utilisateur ou le bénéficiaire d'un service écosystémique effectue un paiement direct à un individu ou une communauté dont les décisions en matière d’occupation des sols ont un impact sur la fourniture de services écosystémiques. L'intérêt porté aux PSE s’est rapidement accru au cours de la dernière décennie : les PSE se multiplient à travers le monde et on dénombre déjà plus de 300 programmes en place aux échelons national, régional et local. S’appuyant sur les travaux déjà publiés concernant des programmes de PSE efficaces et sur plus de trente études de cas de pays développés et en développement, cet ouvrage s’attache à mettre en lumière les bonnes pratiques dans la conception et la mise en œuvre de ce type de programmes, en vue de les rendre plus performants sur le plan environnemental et en termes de coût-efficacité. Les questions suivantes y sont ainsi abordées : Pourquoi les PSE sont-ils utiles et comment fonctionnent-ils ? Comment peut-on optimiser leur efficacité environnementale et maximiser leur efficience économique ? Quelles sont les différentes sources potentielles de financement des programmes PSE, et comment peut-on les mobiliser ? Quels sont les enseignements tirés des programmes PSE existants et les connaissances pouvant être mises à profit pour les programmes futurs, notamment les PSE internationaux ?
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264116573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique réglementaire et gouvernance ; Soutenir la croissance économique et servir l'intérêt général
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy and governance
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Governance ; OECD ; Regulierung ; Global Governance
    Abstract: Regulations are indispensable to the proper functioning of economies and societies. They underpin markets, protect the rights and safety of citizens and ensure the delivery of public goods and services. At the same time, regulations are rarely costless. Businesses complain that red tape holds back competitiveness while citizens complain about the time that it takes to fill out government paperwork. More worrying still, regulations can be inconsistent with the achievement of policy objectives. They can have unintended consequences and they can become less effective or even redundant over time. The 2008 financial crisis, and the ensuing and ongoing economic downturn are stark reminders of the consequence of regulatory failure. Reflecting the importance of getting regulation right, this report encourages governments to “think big” about the relevance of regulatory policy. It assesses the recent efforts of OECD countries to develop and deepen regulatory policy and governance. It evaluates the comprehensive policy cycle by which regulations are designed, assessed and evaluated, revised, and enforced at all levels of government. It describes progress developing a range of regulatory management tools including consultation, Regulatory Impact Assessment, and risk and regulation. It also illustrates more nascent effort to promote regulatory governance including creating accountability and oversight of regulatory agencies and creating a “whole of government” approach for regulatory design and enforcement. The report provides ideas on developing a robust regulatory environment, a key to returning to a stronger, fairer and more sustainable growth path.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264117563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Israe͏̈l 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Israel
    Abstract: This 2011 review of Israel's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in sustainable development, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. This report is the first OECD review of Israel’s environmental policy performance.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097339
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Impacts Environnementaux de la Navigation ; Le Rôle des Ports
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: While efficient ports are vital to the economic development of their surrounding areas, the related ship traffic, the handling of the goods in the ports and the hinterland distribution can cause a number of negative environmental impacts. This book examines the environmental impacts of international maritime transport, and looks more in detail at the impacts stemming from near-port shipping activities, the handling of the goods in the ports and from the distribution of the goods to the surrounding regions. It focuses on five ports: Los Angeles and Long Beach, California, the United States; Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Port Metro Vancouver, Canada; and Busan, Korea. The book provides examples of the environmental problems related to port activities (such as air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases, water pollution, noise, spread of invasive species, etc.) and highlights a number of different policy instruments that can be used to limit the negative impacts. It is a valuable resource for policy makers and researchers alike.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264120525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Meeting the challenge of financing water and sanitation
    DDC: 338.4/336361
    Keywords: Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Kanalisation ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Abwasserbeseitigung ; Entsorgungswirtschaft ; Kanalisation ; Finanzierung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: The investments needed to deliver sustainable water and sanitation services, including the funds that are needed to operate and maintain the infrastructure, expand their coverage and upgrade service delivery to meet current social and environmental expectations, are huge. Yet, most systems are underfunded with dire consequences for water and sanitation users, especially the poorest. Providing sustainable drinking water supply and sanitation services requires sound financial basis and strategic financial planning to ensure that existing and future financial resources are commensurate with investment needs as well as the costs of operating and maintaining services. Some of the key messages of the report are:- WSS generate substantial benefits for the economy- Investment needs to generate these benefits are large in both OECD and developing countries- Tariffs are a preferred funding source, but public budgets and ODA will have a role to play, too- Markets-based repayable finance is needed to cover high up-front capital investment costs- Strategic financial planning and other OECD tools can help Governments move forward
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119284
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance de l'eau dans les pays de l'OCDE ; une approche pluri-niveaux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Water governance in OECD countries
    DDC: 333.91
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; OECD ; Wasserversorgung ; Ressourcenpolitik
    Abstract: This report addresses multilevel governance challenges in water policy implementation and identifies good practices for coordinating water policy across ministries, between levels of government, and across local actors at subnational level. Based on a methodological framework, it assesses the main “coordination gaps” in terms of policymaking, financing, information, accountability, objectives and capacity building, and provides a platform of existing governance mechanisms to bridge them. Based on an extensive survey on water governance the report provides a comprehensive institutional mapping of roles and responsibilities in water policy-making at national/subnational level in 17 OECD countries. It concludes on preliminary multilevel governance guidelines for integrated water policy.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264116146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Managing risk in agriculture
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Risikomanagement ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This book examines the implications of risk management for policy in agriculture. Opening with a chapter on risk management principles and guidelines for policy design in agriculture, the book goes on to look at quantitative analysis of risk and then at policy in various countries.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264120563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bank competition and financial stability
    DDC: 332.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bank ; Privatkundengeschäft ; Wettbewerb ; Derivat ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; OECD ; Bankenkrise ; Derivat
    Abstract: This report examines the interplay between banking competition and financial stability, taking into account the experiences in the recent global crisis and the policy response to it. The report has been prepared by members of the Directorate of Financial and Enterprise Affairs at the OECD in Paris for the G20 Workshop “The New Financial Landscape."
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264115668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Business innovation policies
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This study is concerned with trends in and key features of policies and programmes used by governments to support innovation in the business sector. In addition to identifying good practices across a range of programme types, it compares business innovation policies across several countries, with a particular focus on Canada.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264128750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The role of institutional investors in promoting good corporate governance
    Keywords: Institutioneller Investor ; Corporate Governance ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: This report presents the results of the second thematic peer review based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. The report is focused on the role of institutional investors in promoting good corporate governance practices including the incentives they face to promote such outcomes. It covers 26 different jurisdictions, including in-depth reviews of Australia, Chile and Germany.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Disaggregated impacts of CAP reforms
    Keywords: EU-Agrarpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is an important policy for the European Union and accounts for about 40% of the EU budget. Ever since its inception in 1958, the CAP has been regularly reviewed and adjusted to improve its performance and adapt to changing circumstances. At a time when the post-2013 future of the CAP is being discussed and major challenges such as food security and climate change lay ahead, it is important to review the impact of past reforms and to draw lessons for the design of future policies. While the studies in these proceedings often take account of national and international market effects of agricultural policies, they tend to focus on the impact of policies on farms and at the regional and local levels. Today, the European Union is composed of very diverse regions that are affected very differently by any given farm policy, depending on the structural characteristics of the farms’ and regions’ economies. This report collects papers presented at the OECD Workshop on Disaggregated Impacts of CAP Reforms, held in Paris in March 2010, which focused on recent reforms. In particular, it examined the implementation of the single payment scheme since 2005 and the transfer of funds between different measures. Special attention was also paid to reforms of the sugar and dairy sectors with respect to the quota system and the restructuring of both these industries. The papers also look at the impact of the new direct payment system on land use, production and income.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264111318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance verte
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Towards green growth
    DDC: 338.9/27
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieverbrauch ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Environment ; Erde ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Umweltschutz ; OECD
    Abstract: The Green Growth Strategy, outlined in this book, provides concrete recommendations and measurement tools to support countries’ efforts to achieve economic growth and development, while at the same time ensure that natural assets continue to provide the ecosystem services on which our well being relies. The strategy proposes a flexible policy framework that can be tailored to different country circumstances and stages of development.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264069923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 201; Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 201: Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this test is to determine the effects of a substance on the growth of freshwater microalgae and/or cyanobacteria. Exponentially growing test organisms are exposed to the test substance in batch cultures over a period of normally 72 hours. The system response is the reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures exposed to, at least, five concentrations of a test substance. Three replicates at each test concentration should be used. The response is evaluated as a function of the exposure concentration in comparison with the average growth of control cultures. The cultures are allowed unrestricted exponential growth under nutrient sufficient conditions (two alternative growth media: the OECD and the AAP) and continuous fluorescent illumination. Growth and growth inhibition are quantified from measurements of the algal biomass as a function of time. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes: the determination, at least daily, of the algal biomass; the measure of the pH (at the beginning and at the end); microscopic observation. This Test Guideline describes two response variables: average specific growth rate, and yield.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264115606
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Convention multilatérale concernant l'assistance administrative mutuelle en matière fiscale ; Amendée par le Protocole de 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The multilateral convention on mutual administrative assistance in tax matters
    Keywords: Taxation ; OECD ; Europarat ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuersache ; Internationale Amtshilfe ; Multilateraler Vertrag
    Abstract: This publication contains the official text of the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Assistance in Tax Matters as amended by the 2010 Protocol. The original Convention was developed jointly by the Council of Europe and the OECD and opened for signature by the member states of both organisations on 25 January 1988. The original Convention was amended in 2010 to align it to the international standard on information exchange for tax purposes and to open it to all countries, responding to the call of the G20 to make it easier for all countries to secure the benefits of the new co-operative tax environment. The amended Convention entered into force on 1 June 2011. This Convention aims to help governments enforce their tax laws, provides an international legal framework for co-operation among countries in countering international tax avoidance and evasion. It offers a variety of tools for administrative co-operation in tax matters, providing all forms of exchange of information, assistance in tax collection and service of documents. It also facilitates joint audits and information sharing to counter other serious crimes (e.g. money laundering, corruption) when certain conditions are met. It preserves the rights of taxpayers, provides extensive safeguards to protect the confidentiality of the information exchanged, in particular in relation to personal data. The operation of this self-standing multilateral convention is overseen by a Co-ordinating Body comprised of the Parties to the Convention.
    Note: Gesehen am 16.08.2011
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264120563
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bank competition and financial stability
    DDC: 332.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bank ; Privatkundengeschäft ; Wettbewerb ; Derivat ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; OECD ; Bank ; Wettbewerb ; Kapitalmarkt ; Nationalität
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264121164
    Language: English
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment va la vie ? : Mesurer le bien-être
    DDC: 362.1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wohlbefinden ; Gesundheit ; OECD ; Gesundheitsindikator
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bratislava : Ministry of Environment, Slovak Republic
    ISBN: 9788088833567
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Slovak Republic 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Slovak Republic
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (315 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Information networks Economic aspects ; Regional economics ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Economic geography ; Economic development ; OECD ; Innovationsförderung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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