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  • Online Resource  (17)
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  • Cambridge : The MIT Press  (17)
  • Computer Science  (12)
  • Biology  (5)
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  • Online Resource  (17)
  • Article
  • Book  (2)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9780262369978 , 9780262045353
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Series Statement: The MIT Press
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Parr, Thomas, 1993 - Active inference
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    Keywords: Neurosciences ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior-a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a "first principles" approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press
    ISBN: 9780262369961 , 9780262045278
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Montoya, Robert D. Power of position
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    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Bibliographic & subject control ; Scientific nomenclature & classification ; Systematik ; Taxonomie ; Biodiversität ; Biologie ; Geschichte
    Abstract: How biodiversity classification, with its ranking of species, has social and political implications as well as implications for the field of information studies. The idea that species live in nature as pure and clear-cut named individuals is a fiction, as scientists well know. According to Robert D. Montoya, classifications are powerful mechanisms and we must better attend to the machinations of power inherent in them, as well as to how the effects of this power proliferate beyond the boundaries of their original intent. We must acknowledge the many ways our classifications are implicated in environmental, ecological, and social justice work-and information specialists must play a role in updating our notions of what it means to classify. In Power of Position, Montoya shows how classifications are systems that relateone entity with other entities, requiring those who construct a system to value an entity's relative importance-by way of its position-within a system of other entities. These practices, says Montoya, are important ways of constituting and exerting power. Classification also has very real-world consequences. An animal classified as protected and endangered, for example, is protected by law. Montoya also discusses the Catalogue of Life, a new kind of composite classification that reconciles many local ("traditional") taxonomies, forming a unified taxonomic backbone structure for organizing biological data. Finally, he shows how the theories of information studies are applicable to realms far beyond those of biological classification
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780262370349 , 9780262544030
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: The MIT Press
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beggs, John M. The cortex and the critical point
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    Keywords: Neurosciences ; Cryogenics ; Neural networks & fuzzy systems
    Abstract: How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs-one of the pioneers of this hypothesis-offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain. Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences-first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9780262368971 , 9780262543477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 278 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: The MIT Press
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computational thinking education in K-12
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    Keywords: Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Informatikunterricht ; Grundschule ; Sekundarstufe
    Abstract: A guide to computational thinking education, with a focus on artificial intelligence literacy and the integration of computing and physical objects. Computing has become an essential part of today's primary and secondary school curricula. In recent years, K-12 computer education has shifted from computer science itself to the broader perspective of computational thinking (CT), which is less about technology than a way of thinking and solving problems-"a fundamental skill for everyone, not just computer scientists," in the words of Jeanette Wing, author of a foundational article on CT. This volume introduces a variety of approaches to CT in K-12 education, offering a wide range of international perspectives that focus on artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and the integration of computing and physical objects. The book first offers an overview of CT and its importance in K-12 education, covering such topics as the rationale for teaching CT; programming as a general problem-solving skill; and the "phenomenon-based learning" approach. It then addresses the educational implications of the explosion in AI research, discussing, among other things, the importance of teaching children to be conscientious designers and consumers of AI. Finally, the book examines the increasing influence of physical devices in CT education, considering the learning opportunities offered by robotics. Contributors Harold Abelson, Cynthia Breazeal, Karen Brennan, Michael E. Caspersen, Christian Dindler, Daniella DiPaola, Nardie Fanchamps, Christina Gardner-McCune, Mark Guzdial, Kai Hakkarainen, Fredrik Heintz, Paul Hennissen, H. Ulrich Hoppe, Ole Sejer Iversen, Siu-Cheung Kong, Wai-Ying Kwok, Sven Manske, Jesús Moreno-León, Blakeley H. Payne, Sini Riikonen, Gregorio Robles, Marcos Román-González, Pirita Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, Ju-Ling Shih, Pasi Silander, Lou Slangen, Rachel Charlotte Smith, Marcus Specht, Florence R. Sullivan, David S. Touretzky
    Note: Literaturangaben , English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    ISBN: 9780262368865 , 9780262046664
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    DDC: 303.4833
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    Keywords: Advertising & society ; Machine learning ; Algorithms & data structures ; Media studies ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithms and data structures ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A proposal that we think about digital technologies such as machine learning not in terms of artificial intelligence but as artificial communication. Algorithms that work with deep learning and big data are getting so much better at doing so many things that it makes us uncomfortable. How can a device know what our favorite songs are, or what we should write in an email? Have machines become too smart? In Artificial Communication, Elena Esposito argues that drawing this sort of analogy between algorithms and human intelligence is misleading. If machines contribute to social intelligence, it will not be because they have learned how to think like us but because we have learned how to communicate with them. Esposito proposes that we think of “smart” machines not in terms of artificial intelligence but in terms of artificial communication. To do this, we need a concept of communication that can take into account the possibility that a communication partner may be not a human being but an algorithm—which is not random and is completely controlled, although not by the processes of the human mind. Esposito investigates this by examining the use of algorithms in different areas of social life. She explores the proliferation of lists (and lists of lists) online, explaining that the web works on the basis of lists to produce further lists; the use of visualization; digital profiling and algorithmic individualization, which personalize a mass medium with playlists and recommendations; and the implications of the “right to be forgotten.” Finally, she considers how photographs today seem to be used to escape the present rather than to preserve a memory.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press
    ISBN: 9780262360777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (409 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.48/34
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    Keywords: Technikphilosophie ; Digitale Revolution ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Techniksoziologie ; Digitalisierung ; Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Digitale Revolution ; Digitalisierung ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation ; Techniksoziologie ; Technikphilosophie
    Note: Bevorzugte Informationsquelle: Landingpage (MIT Press), da weder Titelblatt noch Impressum vorhanden
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    ISBN: 9780262328876 , 9780262028936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    DDC: 302.2312
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    Keywords: Impact of science & technology on society ; Social networking ; online comments ; internet comments ; YouTube comments ; internet trolls ; trolling ; cyberbullying ; Amazon reviews ; online identity ; internet studies ; online communication ; communication studies ; digital culture ; internet identity
    Abstract: What we can learn about human nature from the informative, manipulative, confusing, and amusing messages at the bottom of the web. Online comment can be informative or misleading, entertaining or maddening. Haters and manipulators often seem to monopolize the conversation. Some comments are off-topic, or even topic-less. In this book, Joseph Reagle urges us to read the comments. Conversations “on the bottom half of the Internet,” he argues, can tell us much about human nature and social behavior. Reagle visits communities of Amazon reviewers, fan fiction authors, online learners, scammers, freethinkers, and mean kids. He shows how comment can inform us (through reviews), improve us (through feedback), manipulate us (through fakery), alienate us (through hate), shape us (through social comparison), and perplex us. He finds pre-Internet historical antecedents of online comment in Michelin stars, professional criticism, and the wisdom of crowds. He discusses the techniques of online fakery (distinguishing makers, fakers, and takers), describes the emotional work of receiving and giving feedback, and examines the culture of trolls and haters, bullying, and misogyny. He considers the way comment—a nonstop stream of social quantification and ranking—affects our self-esteem and well-being. And he examines how comment is puzzling—short and asynchronous, these messages can be slap-dash, confusing, amusing, revealing, and weird, shedding context in their passage through the Internet, prompting readers to comment in turn, “WTF?!?”...
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262328876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 pages)
    DDC: 302.2312
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    Abstract: What we can learn about human nature from the informative, manipulative, confusing, and amusing messages at the bottom of the web.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | [Ann Arbor, Michigan] : [ProQuest]
    ISBN: 9780262289351
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (331 pages)
    Series Statement: History of Computing
    DDC: 005.1
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1950-1975 ; Informationstechnik ; Programmierer ; Soziale Rolle ; Sozialer Wandel
    Abstract: The contentious history of the computer programmers who developed the software that made the computer revolution possible.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262295352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (267 pages)
    Series Statement: Acting with Technology
    DDC: 303.48/40285
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    Keywords: Internet ; Soziale Software ; Soziale Bewegung ; Sozialer Wandel ; Aktivismus ; Protest ; Widerstand
    Abstract: An investigation into how specific Web technologies can change the dynamics of organizing and participating in political and social protest.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press
    ISBN: 9780262295239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 290 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Software studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kitchin, Rob, 1970 - Code/space
    DDC: 303.48/34
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    Keywords: Software ; Alltag ; Software Engineering ; Information visualization ; Computer ; Alltag ; Soziale Frage
    Abstract: An analysis of the ways that software creates new spatialities in everyday life, from supermarket checkout lines to airline flight paths. After little more than half a century since its initial development, computer code is extensively and intimately woven into the fabric of our everyday lives. From the digital alarm clock that wakes us to the air traffic control system that guides our plane in for a landing, software is shaping our world: it creates new ways of undertaking tasks, speeds up and automates existing practices, transforms social and economic relations, and offers new forms of cultural activity, personal empowerment, and modes of play. In Code/Space, Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge examine software from a spatial perspective, analyzing the dyadic relationship of software and space. The production of space, they argue, is increasingly dependent on code, and code is written to produce space. Examples of code/space include airport check-in areas, networked offices, and cafés that are transformed into workspaces by laptops and wireless access. Kitchin and Dodge argue that software, through its ability to do work in the world, transduces space. Then Kitchin and Dodge develop a set of conceptual tools for identifying and understanding the interrelationship of software, space, and everyday life, and illustrate their arguments with rich empirical material. And, finally, they issue a manifesto, calling for critical scholarship into the production and workings of code rather than simply the technologies it enables—a new kind of social science focused on explaining the social, economic, and spatial contours of software
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262295239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (305 pages)
    Series Statement: Software Studies
    DDC: 303.48/34
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    Keywords: Software ; Alltag
    Abstract: An analysis of the ways that software creates new spatialities in everyday life, from supermarket checkout lines to airline flight paths.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262271127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (535 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Leonardo Book Series
    DDC: 306.4/5
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    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Biopolitik ; Bioethik ; Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt ; Alltagsbewusstsein ; Kunst ; Art and science ; Biology -- Social aspects ; Biopolitics ; Biotechnology -- Social aspects ; Electronic books ; Technological innovations -- Social aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Scientists, scholars, and artists consider the political significance of recent advances in the biological sciences.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262274838
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 pages)
    DDC: 305.800973
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1886-2005 ; Rassentheorie ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; USA ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Quelle
    Abstract: A collection of wide-ranging primary source material that tracks the shifting relationships between race and science through two centuries of American history.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262280020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 Seiten)
    DDC: 303.483
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    Keywords: Rechnernetz ; Sozialer Wandel ; Datenautobahn ; Stadt ; Kulturwandel
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262256506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (486 pages)
    DDC: 303.48330973
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    Keywords: Internet ; Sozialpsychologie ; Gesellschaft ; USA
    Abstract: A study of the impact of Internet use on American society, based on a series of nationally representative surveys conducted from 1995 to 2000.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : The MIT Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780262283137
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 pages)
    DDC: 303.48/33
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    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Internet ; Gesellschaft ; Informationswirtschaft ; Informationsgesellschaft ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Auswirkung ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Schiller traces the transformation of the Internet from government, military, and educational tool to agent of "digital capitalism" through three critically important and interlinked realms.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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