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  • Online-Ressource  (3.917)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ageing and employment policies : = Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Vorheriger Titel: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Multi-dimensional review of Panama (2017-)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Panama Economic conditions ; Panama Economic policy ; Congresses ; Panama Social conditions ; Congresses ; Panama Economic policy ; Electronic books
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Enterprise policy performance assessment (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Enterprise policy performance assessment
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD investment policy reviews (2002-)
    Paris
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: Emerging economies transition
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examen des politiques d'investissement
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD investment policy reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International standardisation of fruit and vegetables (2000-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch , Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD e-government studies (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD e-government studies
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD social, employment and migration working papers (2003-)
    Paris : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 1.2003 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1815-199X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.2003 -
    Schlagwort(e): Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
    Anmerkung: Gesehen am 20.04.2022
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2113676-2
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Schlagwort(e): Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Kurzfassung: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Anmerkung: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311053-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Lithuania : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 02
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/02
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Litauen ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Lithuanian policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. Key policy issues analysed include: raising awareness and clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); coordinating policy and legal frameworks (Chapter 3); enhancing the role of social enterprises in public procurement (Chapter 4); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 5); and improving their access to finance (Chapter 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/502fc6ef-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The operators and their future : the state of play and emerging business models (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 287 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses different models for how operators may provide access to communication services over the next five to ten years. To that end, it analyses leading-edge demand and examines the type of companies that serve this demand. It then clusters and compares different categories of operators. These include traditional (vertically integrated) mobile and fixed broadband providers; (vertically integrated) cable operators; wholesale-only operators (utility); wireline wholesale-only providers; wireless wholesale-only providers; and (terminal) equipment and online service providers. The report outlines the most important developments in these categories before signalling emerging technologies that may influence operators in the future. It concludes by comparing different types of operators against policy objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/60c93aa7-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The road to 5G networks : experience to date and future developments (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 284 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The fifth generation of wireless networks, 5G, represents an evolutionary process of previous generations of wireless networks (i.e. 2G, 3G, and 4G). This next generation of wireless technology is intended to provide 20 Gbps download speeds and latency of one millisecond (i.e. download speeds 200 times faster and one-tenth the latency of current 4G networks). This report examines what the future of 5G could mean for communication markets in terms of investment, good practices in spectrum management, competition, coverage and meeting the increasing requirements of the digital transformation. Case studies from OECD countries are the focus of the report, approaching the issue from a two-fold perspective: 5G national strategies, and technological trials. The report also explores how 5G may represent a paradigm shift, as it is the first standard conceived with the Internet of Things (IoT) world in mind, where different connected devices have diverse network requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f880843-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Good practice guide on online consumer ratings and reviews (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 288 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Building on the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce, this paper aims to provide practical guidance to businesses on online consumer ratings and reviews. The document focuses on four issue areas: (i) fake ratings and reviews; (ii) incentivised ratings and reviews; (iii) negative ratings and reviews; and (iv) misleading moderation practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/0f9362cf-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Accessibility and infrastructure in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 23 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses road accessibility, transport corridors and checkpoints set up in border towns in West Africa. An innovative model shows that the population base of border towns could be 14% greater if there were no delays at border crossings. The existence of roadside checks decreases the size of this population base from 12 to 50%. A study of 59 jointly planned or operated border posts in sub-Saharan Africa shows that trade facilitation runs up against the special interests of public servants and private-sector actors making a living from regional integration frictions. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22
    DOI: 10.1787/04fbebef-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Policy brief on refugee entrepreneurship (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 14
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This policy brief assesses the potential of entrepreneurship to be used as a tool for the integration of refugees into the labour market. It discusses the challenges faced in business creation by these potential entrepreneurs, as well as the opportunities created by their situation. It also discusses different policy approaches used to support refugees in business creation and the keys to their success. This policy brief is part of a series of reports produced by the OECD on inclusive entrepreneurship. The series includes policy briefs on women’s entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurship, access to business start-up finance for inclusive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship among people with disabilities, as a well as the report series “The Missing Entrepreneurs”.
    DOI: 10.1787/70571d6f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The heavy burden of obesity : the economics of prevention (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264484580
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (252 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Ausgabe: Launch version
    Serie: OECD health policy studies
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The heavy burden of obesity
    Schlagwort(e): Körpergewicht ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; OECD ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Körpergewicht ; Fettsucht ; Übergewicht
    Kurzfassung: Almost one in four people in OECD countries is currently obese. This epidemic has far-reaching consequences for individuals, society and the economy. Using microsimulation modelling, this book analyses the burden of obesity and overweight in 52 countries (including OECD, European Union and G20 countries), showing how overweight reduces life expectancy, increases healthcare costs, decreases workers' productivity and lowers GDP. The report makes the urgent economic case to scale up investments in policies to promote healthy lifestyles and tackle this growing global public health problem. The book evaluates a number of policies which could significantly improve health outcomes while being an excellent investment for countries.
    Anmerkung: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 243-252
    DOI: 10.1787/67450d67-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Museums and local development in the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 08
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/08
    Schlagwort(e): Museum ; Kulturtourismus ; Regionalentwicklung ; Trient (Provinz) ; Italien ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report considers the role of the MUSE network of museums for local development in the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy. It considers the five dimensions of local development featured in the OECD-ICOM Guide for Local Governments, Communities and Museums: Economic development; Urban regeneration; Education and creativity; Inclusion, health and well-being; and Mainstreaming the role of museums in local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/c8c7e17d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in the Netherlands : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 01
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/01
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Niederlande ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the Dutch policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the country. Key policy issues analysed include: clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); formally recognising social enterprises and boosting social entrepreneurship (Chapter 3); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 4); developing social entrepreneurial capacity and skills (Chapter 5); improving access to markets and finance (Chapters 6 and 7); and ensuring sustainable institutional support for social entrepreneurship and social innovation (Chapter 8).
    DOI: 10.1787/4e8501b8-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The costs of decarbonisation : system costs with high shares of nuclear and renewables (2019)
    Boulogne-Billancourt, France : Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312180
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 224 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: NEA no. 7299
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Under the Paris Agreement, OECD countries agreed to aim for a reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions sufficient to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre industrial levels. This commitment requires a massive effort to decarbonise energy and electricity generation, a radical restructuring of the electric power sector and the rapid deployment of large amounts of low-carbon generation technologies, in particular nuclear energy and renewable energies such as wind and solar PV. This study assesses the costs of alternative low-carbon electricity systems capable of achieving strict carbon emission reductions consistent with the aims of the Paris Agreement. It analyses several deep decarbonisation scenarios to reach the same stringent carbon emission target but characterised by different shares of variable renewable technologies, hydroelectric power and nuclear energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312180-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round) : peer review report on the exchange of information on request : March 2019 (reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at December 2018) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (155 Seiten)
    Serie: Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Hongkong ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Hongkong ; Steuerverwaltung ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    DOI: 10.1787/34f9b9a8-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sustainable connectivity : closing the gender gap in infrastructure (2019)
    Paris : OECD Environment Directorate
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 15
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.15
    Serie: Policy perspectives
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Good quality and sustainable infrastructure that meets the needs of women, men, children, minorities, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups is essential for human well-being, economic growth and environmental sustainability. This Policy Paper shows how women and men may use infrastructure differently according to their needs, social roles or preferences. Building on OECD policy tools and several axes of work, it provides a framework to help countries align their infrastructure policies and projects with other societal and environmental goals, including supporting gender equality.
    DOI: 10.1787/6350ba66-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Providing new OECD evidence on tourism trade in value added (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD tourism papers no. 2019, 01
    Schlagwort(e): Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The ability to measure the economic impacts of tourism provides policy makers with the evidence necessary to ensure that future policies are targeted to meet strategic objectives. However, despite significant work on tourism economics, notably with the Tourism Satellite Account, a deeper understanding is needed of how tourism trade directly and indirectly contributes to the economic growth and competitiveness of countries. This report scopes out the benefits and challenges of analysing tourism from a trade in value added perspective. It identifies the priority actions to strength the underlying ‘value chain’ of national statistics needed to build analyses tourism from a trade in value added perspective, and sets out a roadmap to make progress. It builds on wider OECD work on Trade in Value Added (TiVA), and represents a first attempt to better link tourism data with the underlying Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) infrastructure. Pilot country analysis for Canada, Portugal and the United Kingdom is presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6072d28-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Financing climate objectives in cities and regions to deliver sustainable and inclusive growth (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 17
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.17
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The investment choices we make in the coming years will either lock-in a climate-compatible, inclusive growth pathway, or a high-carbon, inefficient and unsustainable pathway for decades to come. Cities and regions, responsible for 60% of public investment in OECD countries, are significant contributes to spending and investment related to climate. With high levels of inequalities in many cities, the success of the transition will depend on the ability of local governments to engage in a “just” transition. This paper focuses on how national and sub-national governments can align subnational financial flows to transition towards low-carbon, resilient and inclusive cities. The paper is a contribution from the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative and to the OECD Programme on Subnational Finance and Investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/ee3ce00b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring distortions in international markets : the semiconductor value chain (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 111 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 234
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, fisheries, and more recently in the aluminium value chain in order to estimate producer support and related market distortions in the semiconductor value chain. Results for 21 large firms operating across the semiconductor value chain indicate that total government support has exceeded USD 50 billion over the period 2014-18. Government support provided in the form of below-market debt and equity appears to be particularly large in the context of the semiconductor industry and concentrated in one jurisdiction. Other types of support identified include support for R&D and investment incentives, which benefitted all firms studied in this report. The report also discusses the implications that these findings have for trade rules, and in particular for subsidy disciplines in a context of growing government involvement in semiconductor production and poor transparency of support measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/8fe4491d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Decentralised development co-operation : unlocking the potential of cities and regions (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD development policy papers no. 22 (December 2019)
    Serie: OECD development policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Addis Ababa Action Agenda raises the urgency to address growing financing and capacity needs at all levels of government in developing countries (para. 34) while the 2030 Agenda calls to “localise” the SDGs. In its High Level Communiqué of 31 October 2017, the DAC stressed that “complex challenges increasingly require coherent approaches at all levels and co-ordinated, inclusive actions”, remaining “committed to improving quality and impact of our development co-operation policies”. Decentralised development co-operation, or international development co-operation carried out by subnational governments, is one tool OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members can deploy to ensure that development co-operation is fit-for-purpose and responds to the local realities of the 2030 Agenda. The paper provides an assessment of the potential strengthens of decentralised development co-operation approaches as well as new opportunities to overcome longstanding challenges, including through the promotion of new forms of multi-level and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9703003-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online-Ressource
    The effects of zero rating (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 285 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the effects of zero rating, i.e. when a predetermined type of traffic received by consumers is not counted against the download allowance of the Internet access service. The report looks at the economics of zero rating and issues such as the effects of zero rating on competition and innovation. It also compares regulatory approaches across several countries. In terms of economics, the welfare effects of zero rating on consumers can be favourable or unfavourable. While case by case analyses are almost indispensable, the different approaches which regulators and policy makers around the world are taking to zero rating exhibits substantial variation. Nevertheless, it is desirable that regulators and policy makers are alive to both the benefits and the risks associated with zero rating practices, and that in deciding their approach they have regard to the level of competition in both content and ISP markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/6eefc666-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
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    Online-Ressource
    Good practice guide on consumer data (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 290 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce and discuss consumer policy issues associated with consumer data practices, offering greater insights into how consumer protection authorities can and have applied the principles in the Recommendation to address those issues. The guide focuses on selected consumer data practices, including: i) deceptive representations about consumer data practices; ii) misrepresentations by omission; and iii) unfair consumer data practices. It then provides key business tips to comply with consumer protection principles under the E-commerce Recommendation.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0040128-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
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    OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Portugal (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264657748 , 9789264388215 , 9789264313736
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Schlagwort(e): Altersvorsorge ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Altersversorgung
    Kurzfassung: This review provides policy recommendations on how to improve the Portuguese pension system, building on the OECD’s best practices in pension design. It details the Portuguese pension system and identifies its strengths and weaknesses based on cross-country comparisons. The Portuguese pension system consists of an old-age safety net, a pay-as-you-go defined benefit scheme and voluntary private savings. The safety net includes an old-age social pension and a complement (the so-called Complemento Solidário para Idosos or CSI), both of which pursue similar objectives but have different eligibility criteria. The defined benefit scheme has two main components: the general social security scheme (regime geral da Segurança Social) and the civil-servant pension scheme (Caixa Geral de Aposentações or CGA). The latter has been closed to new entrants since 2006 with new civil servants contributing to the general scheme. Funded voluntary pensions make up a very small share of total pension entitlements. The OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Portugal is the fourth in the series, after Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016) and Latvia (2018), with a fifth review on Peru under preparation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264313736-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Switzerland 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312340
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Suisse 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Schweiz ; Development ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. This review assesses the performance of Switzerland including its strategic support to multilateralism in order to tackle global goods and challenges, its comprehensive vision for development and partnerships and the current pressure on development and humanitarian programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312340-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 29
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    SIGI 2019 Regional Report for Eurasia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264574113
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Regional Report for Eurasia
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; Eurasien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) has consistently shown that governments need to look at discriminatory laws, social norms and practices to achieve gender equality and promote women’s empowerment. This 2019 regional report provides an overview of the main outcomes of the SIGI in 12 Eurasian countries in relation to women and the family, their physical integrity, access to productive and financial resources and their civic rights, as well as the economic cost they represent. Building on these outcomes, the report provides a set of tailored regional policy recommendations to enhance Eurasia's governmental efforts to deliver their gender-equality commitments through a three-pronged approach: legal reforms and transformative gender policies, laws through community mobilisation and empowerment, and policy efficiency through accountability and monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6dfa21d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 30
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    Tackling Vulnerability in the Informal Economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613201
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tackling vulnerability in the informal economy
    Schlagwort(e): Informelle Wirtschaft ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Schwarzarbeit ; Vulnerabilitätsanalyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Schattenwirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: A majority of workers in the world are informally employed and contribute to economic and social development through market and non-market activities that are not protected, regulated, well-recognised or valued. This study provides an in-depth diagnosis of informality and the vulnerability prevailing in the informal economy. It explores new ideas to improve the lives of workers in the informal economy based on the ILO indicators of informality and the new OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIbIH). The report contributes in four ways to the global debate on the transition from the informal to the formal economy: 1) by examining the multiple faces of informality in a large sample of countries representing diverse conditions, locations and stages of development; 2) by presenting new empirical evidence on the links between informality and the development process; 3) by assessing risks and vulnerabilities in the informal economy, such as poverty and occupational risks, which can be mitigated with social protection and appropriate risk management instruments; 4) by showing that the transition to formality is a complex issue that touches on a wide range of policy domains.
    DOI: 10.1787/939b7bcd-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Hidalgo, Mexico (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310414 , 9789264310391 , 9789264310407
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hidalgo (Staat) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico ; Staat Hidalgo ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: Hidalgo is one of the smallest states in Mexico. It benefits from its close proximity to Mexico City and contains a number of economic and environmental assets in its territory. After a long period of economic stagnation, the state is now closing up the gap with national standards. Yet, productivity and income levels remain low with respect to national levels, and there exist high socio-economic disparities between the south of the state and the municipalities in the northern and mountainous area. This review looks at how the state of Hidalgo is seeking to boost its economy, particularly through a series of institutional reforms and policies to improve the business environment. It highlights opportunities to accelerate the economic convergence and transit towards high-value added economic sectors. The review also identifies a number of recommendations to promote inclusive growth and reduce its north-south divide and offers suggestions to address governance challenges in the territory.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310391-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 32
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    SME Policy Index: Western Balkans and Turkey 2019 : Assessing the Implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172531 , 9789264312951 , 9789264182769
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (977 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: SME Policy Index
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Serbia ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Robust SME sectors are critical to the prosperity of the six Western Balkan economies and Turkey, accounting for over 70% of those employed in the business sector and generating 65% of value added in these seven economies. Yet their potential remains untapped, as SMEs across the region grapple with numerous challenges that hamper their growth and productivity. They are still under-represented in international trade, and their contributions to value-added remain comparatively low as they have difficulties in moving or expanding into high value-added activities. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the implementation of the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe (SBA) in the seven EU pre-accession economies over the period 2016-18. It monitors progress against similar assessments performed over the past decade and identifies the outstanding challenges affecting SMEs. It also provides targeted recommendations to remove barriers to SME development and unleashing their potential for driving inclusive economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9fa9a-en
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    Digital Government Review of Sweden : Towards a Data-driven Public Sector (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264489158 , 9789264584877 , 9789264554290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Sweden
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Schweden ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Behörde ; E-Government
    Kurzfassung: This digital government review asseses the state of data-driven policies and initiatives in the Swedish public sector. It explores the underlying institutional governance and co-ordination arrangements for digital government in the country, and their impact on policy implementation. It also discusses data-sharing and managing initiatives, data governance and open government data practices. The review looks at how Sweden could better share knowledge, promote innovation and improve collaboration both across the public sector and with external stakeholders. Finally, it highlights how the government can use data to build a closer relationship with citizens in order to address policy challenges, improve public service delivery, and, ultimately, strengthen public trust.
    DOI: 10.1787/4daf932b-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729407
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Niederlande ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/fdce8e7f-en
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    Policies for the protection of critical information infrastructure : ten years later (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 275 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Informationsversorgung ; Infrastruktur ; Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses responses to a questionnaire circulated to OECD delegations for the review of the 2008 OECD Recommendation on the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (CIIP). It includes suggestions to guide the updating of the Recommendation. The update comes against a backdrop of fast digital transformation and increased digital reliance of businesses and governments; increased frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks on critical information infrastructure; the rise of state-sponsored attacks including digital sabotage and espionage; and increased capacity of attackers. The update of the Recommendation serves as an opportunity to make changes to its purpose and scope; to insert key messages based on overarching themes from the responses; and to adjust the Recommendation in line with current and anticipated evolutions in contexts, risks and policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/efb55c54-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    Online advertising : trends, benefits and risks for consumers (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 272 (January 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Online-Marketing ; Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Online advertising is now the dominant form of advertising in many OECD countries, and offers businesses the ability to reach consumers in ways that could only have been imagined previously. Online advertising has the potential to benefit consumers through more relevant and timely advertising, and by funding a host of “free” online services. However, it also raises some new and complex challenges for consumers and consumer protection authorities. This report by the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy provides an introduction to the complex landscape that is online advertising. It outlines the potential benefits and risks for consumers, drawing on the behavioural insights literature where relevant.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f42c85d-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 37
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    Determinants and impact of automation : an analysis of robots' adoption in OECD countries (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 277 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Automatisierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses automation trends and its effect on employment in OECD countries. On average, robots are found to be associated with a reduction in employment in elementary occupations – those requiring the lowest levels of skills – and an increase in employment in high-skill occupation such as professionals and technicians. For occupations in the middle of the skills distribution the correlation is strong and negative. In general, therefore, these estimates do not support the hypothesis of labour market polarisation, i.e.: an increase in both high-skill and low-skill employment. However, in a few countries - notably the United States - this report finds evidence of labour market polarisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef425cb0-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 38
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    OECD skills strategy Flanders : assessment and recommendations (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309791 , 9789264309814 , 9789264309807
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD skills studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Flanders
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Flandern ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Flandern ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Bildungspolitik
    Kurzfassung: Better skills policies help build economic resilience, boost employment and reinforce social cohesion. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a framework to analyse their skills strengths and challenges. Each OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic report reflects a set of skills challenges identified by broad stakeholder engagement and OECD comparative evidence while offering concrete examples of how other countries have tackled similar skills challenges. These reports tackle questions such as: How can countries maximise their skills potential? How can they improve their performance in developing relevant skills, activating skills supply and using skills effectively? What is the benefit of a whole-of-government approach to skills? How can governments build stronger partnerships with employers, trade unions, teachers and students to deliver better skills outcomes? OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic reports provide new insights into these questions and help identify the core components of successful skills strategies. This report is part of the OECD’s ongoing work on building effective national and local skills strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309791-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 39
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    Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Australia (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304888
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Unternehmer ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Local vocational education and training programmes serve as a valuable educational pathway to improve the transition from school to work. Within the VET system, quality apprenticeship programmes can provide employers with a skilled workforce that is more agile in a rapidly evolving global economy while also supporting new employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups. This report focuses on how to better engage employers in apprenticeship and other work-based skills development programmes aligned with growing sectors of the local economy. A key part of this report was the implementation of an employer-based survey, which gathered information from over 300 Australian employers about their skills needs and barriers to apprenticeship participation. The report also provides information on four case studies, including Sydney Metro and STEMship in New South Wales, Collective Education in Tasmania, and the Dream, Believe, Achieve programme in Queensland. The case studies demonstrate how local organisations are building stronger business-education partnerships.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304888-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 40
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    Investing in youth : Peru (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305823
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Peru
    Kurzfassung: The present report on Peru is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of social, employment, education and training policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), and Norway (2018).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305823-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 41
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    Local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries : case study of Malopolskie, Poland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 03
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/03
    Schlagwort(e): Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the local entrepreneurship ecosystem of the Malopolskie region in Poland and its capacity to promote productivity upgrading and industrial renewal. It forms part of the OECD’s work stream on local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/d99ba985-en
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  • 42
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    Engaging with men and masculinities in fragile and conflict-affected settings (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD development policy papers no. 17 (March 2019)
    Serie: OECD development policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation in decision-making contributes to peace and resilience. This policy paper provides practical recommendations for donors and practitioners on how to integrate gender equality into programming in fragile and conflict-affected settings. It focuses on engaging men and boys and addressing masculinities in a transformative manner to change gendered power dynamics and achieve more equitable gender norms and peaceful outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/36e1bb11-en
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  • 43
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    Multinational enterprises in domestic value chains (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 63 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Input-Output-Analyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) play an important role in host countries’ domestic value chains as part of the global activities of these companies in GVCs. MNE affiliates create directly large volumes of output, value added, international trade and jobs, and in addition they generate also important indirect effects. Foreign affiliates in host countries are not only sourcing locally produced inputs, tradeable as well as non-tradeable, but also produce final and intermediate products sold and used within the domestic economy. Based on the OECD Analytical AMNE database, this paper analyses the domestic linkages of MNE affiliates in host economies in order to get better insights in the role MNEs play across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9abfa931-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 44
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    Online-Ressource
    Good practice guide on online advertising : protecting consumers in e-commerce (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 279 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce by elaborating on its key principles in the context of online advertising and offering practical guidance on how to apply these principles. For these purposes, the guide provides a number of good practice examples from policy makers, consumer enforcement agencies, and stakeholders that are relevant to the key principles. Building on those examples, the guide also offers tips for businesses in four areas of online advertising: (i) misleading marketing practices; (ii) ad identification; (iii) endorsements; and (iv) protection of children or vulnerable consumers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9678e5b1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Businesses and health in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 22 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/6721f08d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 46
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    Policy brief on incubators and accelerators that support inclusive entrepreneurship (2019)
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union
    Details
    ISBN: 9789279966828
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 13
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Schlagwort(e): Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Business Angels ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Vergleich ; EU-Staaten ; USA ; Economics ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This policy brief explores the benefits of incubators and accelerators, how they support inclusive entrepreneurship, what makes them successful and how the EU can learn from the experiences of other countries. While there are relatively few examples of business incubators and accelerators that are fully dedicated to supporting entrepreneurs from under-represented and disadvantaged groups, there is a small body of evidence that shows positive results (survival rates, jobs, revenue, etc.). Policy makers can support incubators and accelerators by providing funding, launching their own dedicated programmes and improving access to existing programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/d7d81c23-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries : case study of Mazowieckie, Poland (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 06
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/06
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmensgründung ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; Entrepreneurship ; Innovationssystem ; Polen ; Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the local entrepreneurship ecosystem of the Mazowieckie region in Poland and its capacity to promote productivity upgrading and industrial renewal. It forms part of the OECD’s work stream on local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/e11d7a26-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 48
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    Online-Ressource
    OECD reviews of digital transformation : going digital in Colombia (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264943483
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of digital transformation
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Colombia ; Digitalisierung
    Kurzfassung: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia analyses recent developments of the digital economy in the country, reviews policies related to digitalisation and makes recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area. The report examines recent developments in infrastructures for the digital economy, telecom markets and related regulations and policies in Colombia. It reviews trends in the use of digital technologies by individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. The report also examines opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation for production, innovation, jobs and skills. The report reconsiders these policies in relation to their coherence among different domains and in order to foster synergies across government ministries, levels and institutions, based on the integrated policy framework of the OECD's Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being project.
    DOI: 10.1787/781185b1-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 49
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    Online-Ressource
    Digital security and resilience in critical infrastructure and essential services (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 281 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: On 15-16 February 2018 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) hosted a Workshop on Digital Security and Resilience in Critical Infrastructure and Essential Services. The workshop brought together over 120 participants to discuss the effects of growing digital transformation on the resilience of critical infrastructures and essential services which rely increasingly on cross-border digital infrastructure. Over 25 experts discussed digital security in the financial, energy and transport sectors, in relation to the delivery of public sector services, and from the digital security public policy making perspective. Issues faced by SMEs were also addressed throughout the event. This report provides key cross-cutting high-level policy messages from the workshop, an issues paper developed to prepare the event, as well as a detailed account of discussions in each session.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7097901-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Blockchain technologies as a digital enabler for sustainable infrastructure (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 16
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.16
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Embracing new technologies that could enable drastic reductions in GHG emissions will be key to delivering low-emissions pathways for growth, but it is not always obvious what the big breakthroughs will look like. This report looks at how blockchain technology can be applied to support sustainable infrastructure investment that is aligned with climate change objectives. It focuses on three key points: the financing of infrastructure initiatives, the creation of visibility and alignment of climate action, and the provisioning of awareness and access for institutions and consumers.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ec26947-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
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    Regional integration in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 20 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, highlights the contribution of border towns to the process of regional integration in West Africa. For 18 countries, six indicators are used to identify the specificities of border towns at the local, national and international levels: demography, urban morphology, formal enterprises, health infrastructure, road accessibility, border control posts. These indicators are analysed from the perspective of three geographical scales of regional integration (density, distance and division). The report details the economic and institutional obstacles facing border towns. It concludes with place-based political options to facilitate the economic and political development of West African border towns. Also in this Collection: “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/f41ef7ab-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 52
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    OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: North Macedonia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264366169
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kitchen, Hannah OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Nordmazedonien ; Education ; Governance ; North Macedonia ; Nordmazedonien ; Bildungswesen ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: How can assessment and evaluation policies work together more effectively to improve student outcomes in primary and secondary schools? The country reports in this series analyse major issues facing evaluation and assessment policy to identify improvements that can be made to enhance the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. The Republic of North Macedonia has made remarkable progress in expanding access to education and strengthening institutional capacity. Yet, the majority of young Macedonians leave school without mastering the basic competencies for life and work and students’ background continues to influence performance. This review, developed in cooperation with UNICEF, provides North Macedonia with recommendations to help strengthen its evaluation and assessment system, by moving towards a system where assessment provides students with helpful feedback to improve learning. It will be of interest to North Macedonia, as well as other countries looking to make more effective use of their evaluation and assessment system to improve quality and equity, and result in better outcomes for all students.
    DOI: 10.1787/079fe34c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 53
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Greece 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311893 , 9789264312746 , 9789264312739
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Griechenland ; Development ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Since its last peer review, a severe economic recession brought about significant cuts to Greece’s national budget – including official development assistance. However, Greece has maintained its commitment to development co-operation. In response to the refugee and migration crisis Greece mobilised resources and its population to provide significant support to asylum seekers and refugees, and adapted its domestic policies to create conditions for peaceful co-existence between refugees, asylum seekers and the Greek population. As the economy recovers and Greece considers stepping up its development co-operation, this review recommends a number of steps that the government might take including building a new vision for development co-operation and putting in place the structures and systems to achieve it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311893-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 54
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    SIGI 2019 Global Report : Transforming Challenges into Opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264832701 , 9789264434738 , 9789264108905
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) has consistently shown that governments need to look at discriminatory laws, social norms and practices to achieve gender equality and promote women’s empowerment. This 2019 global report provides an overview of the main outcomes of the SIGI in relation to women and the family, their physical integrity, access to productive and financial resources and their civic rights. Building on these outcomes, this report provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance governments’ efforts to deliver their gender-equality commitments through a three-pronged approach: starting with legal reforms and transformative gender policies, enforcing laws through community mobilisation and empowerment, and learning about the efficiency of policy through monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc56d212-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 55
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    Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264606784
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (106 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Indigene Völker ; Australien ; Education ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia ; Australien ; Indigenes Volk ; Beschäftigungsstruktur ; Fähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Innovative ways of working with Indigenous Australians are needed to improve their employment prospects, especially as many work in jobs that are most likely to be impacted by digitalisation and automation in the future. This report considers both quantitative and qualitative data regarding employment, skills, and entrepreneurship opportunities for Indigenous Australians. A number of case studies were undertaken with employment and training providers in the cities of Sydney and Perth to gain insights into the delivery of employment and skills programmes targeted to Indigenous Australians. The report highlights critical success factors to better link Indigenous Australians to high quality jobs while also providing recommendations regarding future employment and skills programming.
    DOI: 10.1787/dd1029ea-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 56
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309760 , 9789264309777 , 9789264309753
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Turquie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Turkey is the fastest growing OECD economy with rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2008, its economic growth has been relatively decoupled from air emissions, energy use, waste generation and water consumption. However, the high resource intensity of Turkey’s economy and its heavy reliance on fossil fuels will continue to increase these environmental pressures in absolute terms. More progress is needed in the transition to a low-carbon, circular economy to improve the country’s environmental performance. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Turkey. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on climate change and urban wastewater management.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309753-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 57
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    Measuring distortions in international markets : the aluminium value chain (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 121 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 218
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium ; Wertschöpfung ; Metallmarkt ; Subvention ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, and fisheries in order to estimate support and related market distortions in the aluminium value chain. Results show that non-market forces, and government support in particular, appear to explain some of the recent increases in aluminium-smelting capacity. While government support is commonly found throughout the aluminium value chain, it is especially heavy in the People’s Republic of China and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Looking across the whole value chain also shows subsidies upstream to confer significant support to downstream activities, such as the production of semi-fabricated products of aluminium. Overall, market distortions appear to be a genuine concern in the aluminium industry, and one that has implications for global competition and the design of trade rules disciplining government support.
    DOI: 10.1787/c82911ab-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 58
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    The changing landscape of agricultural markets and trade : prospects for future reforms (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Schlagwort(e): Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/7dec9074-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 59
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    Online-Ressource
    Using digital technologies to improve the design and enforcement of public policies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 274 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Politik ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation is having a profound impact on social and economic activity. While often benefiting from a very long history of public investment in R&D, digitalisation has been largely driven by the private sector. However, the combined adoption of new digital technologies, increased reliance upon new data sources, and use of advanced analytic methods hold significant potential to: i) improve the effectiveness and enforcement of public policies; ii) enable innovative policy design and impact evaluation, and; iii) expand citizen and stakeholder engagement in policy making and implementation. These benefits are likely to be greatest in policy domains where outcomes are only observable at significant cost and/or where there is significant heteroregeneity in responses across different agents. In this paper we provide a review of initiatives across a number of fields including: competition, education, environment, innovation, and taxation.
    DOI: 10.1787/99b9ba70-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Population and morphology of border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 21 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, provides an analysis of the demographic and morphological changes in West African border cities since the mid-20th century. Using the Africapolis harmonised database makes it possible to show that since 1950 border cities have experienced higher rates of growth than other cities in the region. While the average size of cities increases with distance from a border, the opposite is true for urban density; it decreases as distance from a border increases. This suggests that border cities form urban centres that differ from other such centres due to the fact that they specialise in the commercial activities that stimulate growth and foster higher densities. The report identifies the 27 main cross-border agglomerations in the region and discusses their specific characteristics. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/80dfd9d8-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 61
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    Local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries : case study of Coventry and Warwickshire, United Kingdom (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 138 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 04
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/04
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmensgründung ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; Entrepreneurship ; Innovationssystem ; England ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the local entrepreneurship ecosystem of the Coventry and Warwickshire region in the United Kingdom and its capacity to promote productivity upgrading and industrial renewal. It forms part of the OECD’s work stream on local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries. This work examines how policy at the local level can promote innovative start-ups, innovative scale-ups and innovation in existing enterprises for entrepreneurship and industrial diversification.
    DOI: 10.1787/3b6277f9-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 62
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    Scoping the OECD AI principles deliberations of the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 291 (November 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping economies, promising to generate productivity gains, improve efficiency and lower costs. At the same time, AI is also fuelling anxieties and ethical concerns. As AI’s impacts permeate our societies, its transformational power must be put at the service of people and the planet. This document presents the work conducted by the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) to scope principles to foster trust in and adoption of AI. In particular, this paper presents a common understanding of what is an AI system as well as a framework that details the stages of the AI system lifecycle. This work informed the draft Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. On 22 May 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation – also referred to as the OECD AI Principles – at the Ministerial level.
    DOI: 10.1787/d62f618a-en
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  • 63
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    Making Decentralisation Work : A Handbook for Policy-Makers (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626980 , 9789264875234 , 9789264313033
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Making decentralisation work
    Schlagwort(e): Dezentralisierung ; Kommunalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; OECD ; Dezentralisation ; Kommunalpolitik
    Kurzfassung: This report offers a comprehensive overview of decentralisation policies and reforms in OECD countries and beyond. Sometimes called a “silent” or “quiet” revolution, decentralisation is among the most important reforms of the past 50 years. The report argues that decentralisation outcomes – in terms of democracy, efficiency, accountability, regional and local development – depend greatly on the way it is designed and implemented. Making the most of decentralisation systems is particularly crucial in the context of a “geography of discontent” and growing divides between places that feel left behind by globalisation and technological change and those that may benefit from the opportunities offered by megatrends. The report identifies 10 guidelines for making decentralisation work and allowing it to be conducive to regional development. Beyond the guidelines, the report proposes concrete tools for policy-makers, including detailed sets of recommendations, checklists, pitfalls to avoid and examples of good practices, both in unitary and federal countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9faa7-en
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  • 64
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    Can Social Protection Be an Engine for Inclusive Growth? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264736115 , 9789264780989 , 9789264573710
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Can social protection be an engine for inclusive growth?
    Schlagwort(e): Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialversicherung ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Deutschland ; Brasilien ; Ghana ; Indonesien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Deutschland ; Brasilien ; Ghana ; Indonesien ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Qualitatives Wachstum
    Kurzfassung: The potential role of social protection in the development process has received heightened recognition in recent years, yet making a strong investment case for social protection remains particularly challenging in many emerging and developing countries. This report challenges us to think deeply about the economic rationale for social protection investments through an inclusive development lens. It helps us understand the links between social protection, growth and inequality; how to measure those links empirically; social protection’s impact on inclusive growth; and how to build a more solid economic case for greater social protection investments. The report adds to the debate on social protection in three ways. First, it proposes a methodological framework to conceptualise and measure the impact of social protection on what the OECD defines as inclusive growth. Second, it provides new empirical evidence on the impact of different social protection programmes on inclusive growth. Third, it helps strengthen the case for greater investments in social protection while also calling for better data to measure impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d95b5d0-en
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  • 65
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    Vectors of digital transformation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 273 (January 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Wissensgesellschaft ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines key properties – or “vectors” – of the digital transformation that fundamentally affect the economy and society and accordingly the design and efficacy of public policies. It explores three main areas where digital transformation affects the ways the economy and society are operating, i.e.: a) scale, scope and speed; b) ownership, assets and economic value; and c) relationships, markets and ecosystems. Exposing the underlying nature of change, the seven vectors provide insights on how the transformation challenges policies that are frequently predicated on an analogue world of tangible products and assets, fixed geographic boundaries and physical locations, on transaction costs that limit the scale and scope of interactions and offerings, and on supply and demand conditions that reflect scarcity. The objective of this report is to support the review of existing and the design of new policies to ensure that they are well‑suited to the digital era.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ade2bba-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 66
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    Measuring indirect investments in ICT (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 276 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the hypothesis that the real contribution of ICT investment may be masked in official statistics because intermediate ICT expenditures embodied in non-ICT capital assets are not treated as ICT investment. Based on detailed SUTs collected in 12 OECD countries, the report presents estimates of indirect ICT investment, i.e. the value of ICT inputs embodied in non-ICT capital assets. ICT investment appears significantly higher when considering its indirect component, the average increase being about 35%. In addition, the inclusion of indirect ICT investment changes significantly the relative position of countries with respect to the ICT intensity of their investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/e115e2ea-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 67
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    Higher education in Mexico : labour market relevance and outcomes (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309432 , 9789264311558 , 9789264311565
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (222 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Higher education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Higher education in Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Hochschule ; Bildungsertrag ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Absolventen ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Half a million higher education graduates enter the labour market every year in Mexico. While their labour market outcomes are considerably better on average than those of upper secondary education graduates, some higher education graduates face periods of inactivity and unemployment. Many graduates who find work end up being over-qualified or working in the informal sector. This report finds that the Mexican higher education system needs to be better aligned with the labour market to help students develop the skills employers seek. Students need better support to succeed in their higher education studies and develop labour market relevant skills, which will help facilitate their achievement of good outcomes in the workforce. This calls for a comprehensive whole-of-government approach and the involvement of all higher education stakeholders. The report proposes a set of policy recommendations to address these issues and help Mexican higher education graduates achieve better outcomes in the labour market. The report was developed as part of the OECD Enhancing Higher Education System Performance project and is a companion to the OECD report, The Future of Mexican Higher Education: Promoting Quality and Equity, which focuses on broader issues in higher education, including governance, funding, quality and equity, as well as two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309432-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 68
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round) : peer review report on the exchange of information on request : March 2019 (reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at December 2018) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264455030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Serie: Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Westindische Inseln ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Turks- und Caicosinseln ; Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    DOI: 10.1787/5a837e0a-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 69
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    Reference framework for assessing the scientific and socio-economic impact of research infrastructures (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 65 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Research Infrastructures (RIs) are indispensable for enabling and developing research in almost all scientific domains and represent an increasingly large share of research investment. As policy makers, funding agencies and RI management are increasingly expected to justify key decisions about implementing new projects or investing in existing ones, there is a demand for credible methodologies for assessing the overall impact of RIs. This report proposes a “Framework for assessing the scientific and socio-economic impact of research infrastructures”. It aims to provide funders, decision-makers and RI managers with a generic and versatile tool, based on current community practices, to evaluate the achievement of scientific and socio-economic objectives in a realistic way. The framework can be adapted for different types of RIs and different stages in the RI lifecycle. This tool should facilitate the communication and reporting between different RI stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ffee43b-en
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  • 70
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    BBVA big data on online credit card transactions : the patterns of domestic and cross-border e-commerce (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 278 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report uses a standard gravity setup to analyse the determinants of e-commerce, using data on online credit card payments by private Spanish customers of the multinational bank BBVA. The results show that the gravity model applies well to credit card payments, explaining up to 95% of the variation in the data. The analysis finds potentially large border effects for trade between any two regions or countries, implying that individuals tend to purchase more from their home region or domestically than from other places. The estimates also suggest that the effect of distance might be slightly less important for e-commerce transactions than for offline trade, although the death of distance hypothesis is clearly rejected by the data.
    DOI: 10.1787/8c408f92-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 71
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    Measuring platform mediated workers (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 282 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In recent years there has been a large number of attempts to estimate the number of platform workers. Lacking a common definition of platform workers, however, these estimates are not comparable across countries and over time. This paper starts to address these issues, by explaining the concept of platform work, reviewing previous attempts to measure platform workers by private agencies and official statistical agencies and examining how different survey questions can affect the understanding of the respondents. The paper also highlights innovative uses of data that provide greater insights into platform workers and concluded with recommendations on how to measure platform workers in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/170a14d9-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 72
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    Innovation ecosystems in the bioeconomy (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 76 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: “Innovation ecosystems in the bioeconomy” examines the policy aspects of building the industrial and innovation ecosystems and value chains needed to make a bioeconomy viable as a sustainable means of production. While building biorefineries is more like a formulaic exercise in engineering, enabling these ecosystems and their value chains is a much more complex endeavour. Building on qualitative case studies and face-to-face interviews in eleven participating countries, the study reveals the diverse ways countries are seeking to achieve the goals set by national strategies and policies. The current report draws lessons from this diverse set of national case studies to generate both common and country-specific insights that can enable this transition from a fossil-based economy to a more sustainable one. These lessons include the need for systems-based approaches, attention to policy alignment, more focus on demand-side instruments, diversification of products, enabling medium-sized companies and harnessing converging technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/e2e3d8a1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 73
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    ICT investments in OECD countries and partner economies : trends, policies and evaluation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 280 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policies to support ICT investment are a strategic tool to spur the digital transformation and enhance productivity and growth. However, while most countries do carry out some forms of ICT investment policy, very little is known on the effects of these policies. In order to start filling this gap, this report presents an overview of recent trends in ICT investment in OECD countries; makes an inventory of ICT investment policies in OECD and selected Partner economies; and reviews the evaluation of selected investment programmes in some OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/bcb82cff-en
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  • 74
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    Measuring digital security risk management practices in businesses (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 283 (June 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report synthesises an OECD project to develop a framework and a set of statistical indicators that can be used to assess the digital security (cybersecurity) risk management practices of businesses. A survey instrument aligned with the framework was developed and piloted. After a general introduction, the report starts with a brief overview of the state of affairs in the measurement of digital security risk and its management prior to the OECD project. It provides an in-depth explanation of the measurement framework for the assessment of digital security risk management practices in businesses and an analysis of the outcomes of a pilot survey instrument based on the measurement framework, tested with members of the Federation of European Risk Management Associations (FERMA) in 2018. The conclusion of the report provides recommendations for future efforts that build on this project.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b93c1f1-en
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  • 75
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    Understanding online consumer ratings and reviews (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 289 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper takes stock of recent developments related to online consumer ratings and reviews and their effects on consumer behaviour. It provides an overview of key consumer benefits and risks associated with user-generated feedback, and identifies consumer policy challenges, including misleading and deceptive practices, a lack of accuracy, and consumer biases. It also points to issues for further consideration by consumer policy makers and enforcement authorities, as well as businesses and consumer organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/eb018587-en
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  • 76
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    Financial incentives to promote adult learning in Australia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264406940
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Getting skills right
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Financial incentives to promote adult learning in Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Erwachsenenbildung ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Anreiz ; Australien ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Australien ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Bildungsfinanzierung
    Kurzfassung: Australia requires a strong system of adult learning to position firms and workers to succeed as skill demand changes. The country has scope to improve the coverage and inclusiveness of its adult learning system as coverage has declined since 2012, and several vulnerable groups are under-represented. Financial incentives, if carefully designed, can raise participation in adult learning by addressing cost and time barriers. This report summarises the advantages and disadvantages with various financial incentives to promote adult learning based on international and Australian experience. Drawing from these insights, as well as analysis of individual and firm-level barriers, the report provides policy recommendations for how Australia could reform its financial incentives to boost participation.
    DOI: 10.1787/c79badcc-en
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  • 77
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    Local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries : case study of Pomorskie, Poland (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 101 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 05
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/05
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmensgründung ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; Entrepreneurship ; Innovationssystem ; Polen ; Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This case study examines the Pomorskie local entrepreneurship ecosystem and regional smart specialisation approach. It identifies bottlenecks and enablers in the local entrepreneurship ecosystem and makes policy recommendations on how to further strengthen local entrepreneurship and industrial renewal. The case study offers a number of policy suggestions and models for Pomorskie and for other regions interested in promoting entrepreneurship and emerging industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/8fd63992-en
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  • 78
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    Scaling up climate-compatible infrastructure : insights from national development banks in Brazil and South Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 18
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.18
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Brazil ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: National development banks (NDBs) and development finance institutions – domestically focused, publicly owned financial institutions with a specific development mandate – are poised to play a role in bridging the investment gap for climate-compatible infrastructure in developing countries. But delivering on the Paris Agreement will require NDBs to transition from their traditional role as ‘financer’ to ‘mobiliser’ of investment for infrastructure, and to be better recognised in the international climate and development finance landscape. This paper highlights the role of NDBs drawing from case studies of the Brazilian Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. As such, it provides important impetus to the international discourse on decisive climate action.
    DOI: 10.1787/12456ee6-en
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  • 79
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    Enabling effective triangular co-operation (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD development policy papers no. 23 (December 2019)
    Serie: OECD development policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study provides new insights into factors that enable effective triangular co-operation. These include sound national ecosystems to support triangular partnerships through high-level political will, guiding documents, institutional structures, partnerships, resources and management procedures. Furthermore, against the background of the 2030 Agenda and the outcomes of BAPA+40, a shift of thinking from ‘donor-recipient’ relations to ‘partnerships’ needs to run through political discourse, public opinion, strategies and systems of all partners in triangular co-operation. Moreover, for the first time, the issue of ‘transaction costs’ in triangular co-operation is discussed systematically. Based on the research, interviews, and meetings that were conducted for this study, broad agreement emerged that these are investments in the partnership, and should not be regarded as costs. Finally, five options to engage effectively in triangular co-operation are offered. The decision for one of these five approaches, depends on the specific context of the partners that wish to set up new triangular co-operation initiatives. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, thus this study aims to contribute ideas and policy implications based on existing experiences and evidence.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fc4501e-en
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  • 80
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    The Future of Mexican Higher Education : Promoting Quality and Equity (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309371 , 9789264312807 , 9789264312791
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The future of Mexican higher education
    Schlagwort(e): Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: This review of higher education policy in Mexico was requested by the Mexican Ministry of Education to take stock of progress since the last OECD review of the higher education system in Mexico, published in 2008, and to support development of the new government’s National Development Plan and Sectoral Education Programme. The report examines the state of the higher education sector in Mexico and analyses key policies implemented by the federal and state governments. It assesses national governance and co-operation structures that help to guide the higher education system, and the relevance of existing national strategies. It also looks at public funding of higher education institutions, how the quality of higher education programmes is assured; and the extent to which the higher education system contributes to equity. The report concludes by exploring two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions. A companion volume focusing on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education is also available: Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309371-en
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  • 81
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    Women and Trade Networks in West Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264683358
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: West African Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Femmes et réseaux marchands en Afrique de l’Ouest
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Women and trade networks in West Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Frauen ; Netzwerk ; Unternehmensnetzwerk ; Lieferkette ; Westafrika ; Development ; Westafrika ; Handel ; Frau
    Kurzfassung: Women make a significant contribution to West Africa's food economy, perpetuating a long tradition of commerce and participating in cross-border trade and regional outreach. Their activities face numerous obstacles but also present important opportunities, highlighted in this report through an unprecedented relational and spatial analysis of social networks. The study focuses on the rice sector in the Dendi region (Benin, Niger and Nigeria) and on the regional governance networks that support women's entrepreneurship. It confirms that Nigeria occupies a privileged position due to its demographics and growing urbanisation. The report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/7d67b61d-en
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  • 82
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    Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264938892
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document provides the second edition of Guidance Document 23 on Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals. Whilst this guidance is targeted towards tests described by the OECD Test Guidelines identified it may also be relevant to other tests. The guidance relates to the practical aspects of carrying out valid tests with “difficult” test chemicals and mixtures and presenting the results. The guidance is considered to reflect good practice but it is important to recognise that some test chemicals and mixtures will present specific scientific and technical issues that may fall outside its scope. This document is divided into five substantive sections covering guidance for carrying out a preliminary assessment of test chemical stability; general considerations on selection of exposure systems; stock and test solution preparation and exposure systems; sampling of test solution for analysis; and calculating and reporting test results.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ed2f88e-en
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Culture and local development : maximising the impact : a guide for local governments, communities and museums (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 07
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/07
    Schlagwort(e): Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This Guide provides a roadmap for local governments, communities and museums on how to define together a local development agenda. It considers five dimensions: 1. Leverage the power of museums for local economic development, 2. Build on the role of museums for urban regeneration and community development, 3. Catalyse culturally aware and creative societies, 4. Promote museums as spaces for inclusion, health and well-being, 5. Mainstream the role of museums in local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a855be5-en
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  • 84
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    Online-Ressource
    Financing for refugee situations (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD development policy papers no. 24 (December 2019)
    Serie: OECD development policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order to meet those needs effectively and efficiently, financing strategies need to take account of the particularities of large-scale refugee situations. Refugee flows are complex, often protracted, and, require humanitarian, development and peace financing to work in complementary ways. Doing this effectively can create opportunities that are of benefit to both refugees and host communities. This policy paper presents seven principles for improving financing for refugee situations, based on global trends and case studies in three hosting countries (Uganda, Lebanon, and Colombia) and one origin/return country (Central African Republic). Both the quality and the quantity of financing matters to get the greatest value for refugees and their host communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/02d6b022-en
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  • 85
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    Online-Ressource
    Next generation diversity and inclusion policies in the public service : ensuring public services reflect the societies they serve (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD working papers on public governance no. 34
    Schlagwort(e): Diversity Management ; Soziale Integration ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Embracing a policy and culture of diversity and inclusion (D&I) is increasingly considered the norm for public services across the OECD. A growing number of countries acknowledge how diversity has the potential to improve service delivery to citizens and boost performance through greater innovation and employee engagement. But, while some improvements have been made over time, progress has remained slow. In most public services, pay gaps for the same positions persist; the representation - particularly at senior levels of women, visible minorities and people with disabilities - remains markedly lower than in the general population; and in employee surveys, levels of perceived harassment and bullying remain higher than average for certain demographic groups. In many OECD member countries, a new generation of D&I policies is being developed to cultivate a culture of inclusion. The present Working Paper examines how public administrations are addressing this challenge, highlighting good practices in areas such as inclusive leadership models, the use of HR analytics and behavioural approaches to design and implement D&I policies. It also identifies governance mechanisms and tools for managers and organisations to help ensure coherence and accountability for D&I goals. The drive for diversity and inclusion will always be a moving target; public services will need to continually assess, adapt, and strive for public services that reflect the changing societies that they serve.
    DOI: 10.1787/51691451-en
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  • 86
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    Customisation Opportunities of IUCLID for the Management of Chemical Data (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264944220
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.297
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The IUCLID (International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database) can be customised to manage chemical data in different contexts and is a platform employing globally harmonised data elements pertinent to chemicals. The version 6 of IUCLID software released in 2016 allows for greater customisation of IUCLID and for extension and integration with other tools. For example, the standard IUCLID data elements can be extended to capture specific information for specific legislative data needs before they are added to the OHTs. This document describes four main elements related to the customisation of IUCLID including how the IUCLID format can be configured and customised, the main IUCLID features and add-ons, integration with other systems and development of alternative user interfaces. The document also outlines how customisation of these different elements requires different expertise and resources. It incorporates user stories regarding customisation of and data migration to IUCLID from ECHA, Australia, and Canada.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0a6989d-en
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  • 87
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    Digital Innovation : Seizing Policy Opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264674011
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Digital innovation
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Digitalisierung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik
    Kurzfassung: This report discusses how the digital transformation – digital technologies, data and software, AI-based analytics and other advances – is changing innovation processes and outcomes. It highlights the general trends across the economy and factors behind sector-specific dynamics, including increasing use of data as a key input for innovation, the expanding possibilities for experimentation offered by virtual simulation, 3D printing and other digital technologies, and the growing focus on services innovation enabled by digital technologies. In view of such changes, this report evaluates how innovation policies should adapt to foster innovation and inclusive development in the digital age, and identifies priority areas for policy action. It also explores novel innovation policy approaches implemented by countries to foster digital technology adoption and collaborative innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a298dc87-en
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  • 88
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    Guiding Principles on Good Practices for the Availability/Distribution of Protected Elements in OECD Test Guidelines (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264932845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.298
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document describes good practices for the licensing of protected elements included in OECD Test Guidelines (TGs). Transparency and communication are needed around protected elements resulting from innovation in sciences and techniques that are gradually integrated in OECD TGs. This Guidance specifies the information required from a test method developer when submitting a proposal for a new TG that contains protected elements. This document contains a broad overview of the intellectual property and similar protections that affect the OECD TG Programme. Laws governing intellectual property and similar rights vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; anyone seeking to answer specific questions about the interpretation of the concepts in this paper in a specific jurisdiction must seek the advice of a specialised lawyer.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b290577-en
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  • 89
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    Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264828438 , 9789264769298 , 9789264866928
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Development
    Kurzfassung: The world’s 47 least developed countries (LDCs) are among those most at risk of being left behind. While official development assistance and domestic public resources remain essential for their development prospects, they alone will not be sufficient to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. With the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the international community acknowledged the need for significant additional public and private finance, and development partners are increasingly focusing on blended approaches. What are the trends in blended finance for LDCs? What can it achieve and how? The OECD and UNCDF are working together to shed new light on these issues. Building on a 2018 publication, this edition presents the latest data available on private finance mobilised in developing countries by official development finance, extending the previous analysis to cover 2016 and 2017 as well as longer-term trends from 2012 to 2017. It discusses the most recent international policy trends shaping the blended finance market, and what these might mean for LDCs. Stakeholders and practitioners also share their views on the challenges and opportunities in designing and implementing blended finance operations in LDCs.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c142aae-en
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  • 90
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    Negotiating Our Way Up : Collective Bargaining in a Changing World of Work (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264524538 , 9789264850866 , 9789264362574
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Negotiating our way up
    Schlagwort(e): Tarifverhandlungen ; Tarifvertrag ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; OECD ; Tarifpolitik ; Tarifverhandlung ; Tarifvertrag
    Kurzfassung: Collective bargaining and workers’ voice are often discussed in the past rather than in the future tense, but can they play a role in the context of a rapidly changing world of work? This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of collective bargaining systems and workers’ voice arrangements across OECD countries, and new insights on their effect on labour market performance today. The publication provides a detailed review of existing collective bargaining institutions and workers’ voice arrangements. It analyses the role of these institutions for employment, wages, labour market inclusiveness, as well as non-monetary aspects of job quality. The publication also discusses how collective bargaining can be mobilised to address emerging challenges in the labour market, and identifies the type of government intervention that may be required to do this. The report provides a resource for policy makers, trade unions and employers’ organisations interested in understanding how collective bargaining and workers' voice can be used to complement public regulation in shaping ever-changing labour markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/1fd2da34-en
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  • 91
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    Part-time and Partly Equal: Gender and Work in the Netherlands (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264360037 , 9789264327436 , 9789264914438
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Part-time and partly equal
    Schlagwort(e): Teilzeitarbeit ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: The Netherlands performs well on many measures of gender equality, but the country faces a persistent equality challenge between women and men: the high share of women in part-time jobs. Nearly 60% of women in the Dutch labour market work part-time, roughly three times the OECD average for women, and over three times the rate for Dutch men. The Netherlands’ gender gap in hours worked contributes to the gender gap in earnings, the gender gap in pensions, women’s slower progression into management roles, and the unequal division of unpaid work at home. These gaps typically widen with parenthood, as mothers often reduce hours in the labour market to take on more unpaid care work at home. The Dutch government must redouble its efforts to achieve gender equality. Better social policy support can help level the playing field between men and women, contribute to more egalitarian norms around the division of work, and foster more gender-equal behaviour in paid and unpaid work in the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/204235cf-en
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  • 92
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    Policy Responses to New Forms of Work (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264673663 , 9789264483224 , 9789264919594
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Policy responses to new forms of work
    Schlagwort(e): Beschäftigungssystem ; Selbstständige ; Digitale Plattform ; Arbeitsvertrag ; Sozialpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitsvertrag ; Selbstständige Arbeit ; Sozialpolitik
    Kurzfassung: This report provides a snapshot of the policy actions being taken by OECD, EU and G20 countries in response to growing diversity in forms of employment, with the aim of encouraging peer learning where countries are facing similar issues. It shows that many countries are reflecting on whether existing policies and institutions are capable of addressing effectively the current (and future) challenges of a rapidly changing world of work. In recent years, many countries have seen the emergence of, and/or growth in, particular labour contract types that diverge from the standard employment relationship (i.e. full-time dependent employment of indefinite duration). These include temporary and casual contracts, as well as own-account work and platform work. Several countries have also seen growth in false self-employment, where employers seek to evade tax and regulatory dues and obligations. These changes are driving policy makers worldwide to review how policies in different areas – labour market, skills development, social protection – can best respond. How can policymakers balance the flexibility offered by a diversity of employment contracts, on the one hand, with protection for workers and businesses, on the other?
    DOI: 10.1787/0763f1b7-en
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  • 93
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    Ready to Help? : Improving Resilience of Integration Systems for Refugees and other Vulnerable Migrants (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312685 , 9789264312692 , 9789264311312
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Prêts à aider ? : Améliorer la résilience des dispositifs d’intégration pour les réfugiés et les autres immigrés vulnérables
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ready to help?
    DDC: 330
    Schlagwort(e): Migranten ; Flüchtlinge ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This report looks at ways to improve the resilience of systems to deal with the unexpected arrival of large inflows of refugees and other vulnerable migrants. It begins with an overview of the recent flows of migrants seeking protection, discusses the expected economic impact of these flows, and notes what has been an unprecedented multilateral response. It then examines the process of integrating refugees and other vulnerable migrants, in terms of their economic and social outcomes, as well as specific factors of vulnerability. It also provides a comprehensive assessment of the transition policies in place to support their livelihood in destination and transit countries, as well as in origin countries upon return. Finally, the report tackles issues of anticipation, monitoring and reacting, examining the role of early warning mechanisms and the challenge of improving information so as to better monitor integration outcomes and frame policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311312-en
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  • 94
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    Artificial Intelligence in Society (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264545199 , 9789264925434 , 9789264366039
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Artificial intelligence in society
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesellschaft ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises. Yet, as AI applications are adopted around the world, their use can raise questions and challenges related to human values, fairness, human determination, privacy, safety and accountability, among others. This report helps build a shared understanding of AI in the present and near-term by mapping the AI technical, economic, use case and policy landscape and identifying major public policy considerations. It is also intended to help co-ordination and consistency with discussions in other national and international fora.
    DOI: 10.1787/eedfee77-en
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  • 95
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    In-Depth Productivity Review of Belgium (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264661059
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als In-depth productivity review of Belgium
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Belgien ; Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Produktivität
    Kurzfassung: Belgium has a high level of productivity. However, growth of productivity has declined quite strongly over the past two decades, and more so than in other advanced economies. This is a worrying development, as fewer productivity gains mean less wage growth and a slowdown in improvements to pensions, health care and well-being. This In-Depth Productivity Review of Belgium assesses in detail the drivers of productivity and recommends a 7-Point Action Plan to reignite productivity growth in Belgium. Reviving productivity growth requires action in many areas cutting across governments and ministerial competences. Measures are needed to instil more dynamism in Belgium’s economy, both among businesses and in the labour market, and to make the public finances more growth-oriented. In addition to recommending detailed policy measures to revive productivity growth, the Review contains three analytical chapters that lay out the evidence base: Chapter 1 on economy-wide and sectoral trends in productivity; Chapter 2 on the role of firms for productivity, with a focus on the dispersion of performance among businesses; and Chapter 3 on the worker dimension of productivity, with a focus on the role of wage bargaining and skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/88aefcd5-en
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  • 96
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    The Role of Digital Platforms in the Collection of VAT/GST on Online Sales (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264639416 , 9789264344112 , 9789264368330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le rôle des plateformes numériques dans la collecte de la TVA/TPS sur les ventes en ligne
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The role of digital platforms in the collection of VAT/GST on online sales
    Schlagwort(e): Besteuerungsverfahren ; Umsatzsteuer ; Online-Handel ; Digitale Plattform ; Taxation ; Portal ; Online-Shop ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Umsatzsteuer
    Kurzfassung: This report provides practical guidance to tax authorities on the design and implementation of a variety of solutions for digital platforms, including e-commerce marketplaces, in the effective and efficient collection of VAT/GST on the digital trade of goods, services and intangibles. In particular, it includes new measures to make digital platforms liable for the VAT/GST on sales made by online traders through these platforms, along with other measures including data sharing and enhanced co-operation between tax authorities and digital platforms. It builds on the solutions for the effective collection of VAT/GST on digital sales included in the International VAT/GST Guidelines and the 2015 BEPS Action 1 Final Report “Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy.” It is of particular relevance recognising the growing importance of the platform economy and notably the potential of digital platforms to significantly enhance the effectiveness of VAT/GST collection given their important role in generating, facilitating and/or executing online sales.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0e2dd2d-en
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  • 97
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    Lives in Crises : What Do People Tell Us About the Humanitarian Aid They Receive? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264539082 , 9789264798397 , 9789264956391
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lives in crises
    Schlagwort(e): Humanitäre Hilfe ; Welt ; Development ; Afghanistan ; Bangladesh ; Haiti ; Iraq ; Lebanon ; Somalia ; Uganda
    Kurzfassung: In May 2016, the World Humanitarian Summit represented a turning point for humanitarian policies. The Summit gave the impetus to seriously reflect on how to operate in environments where people’s needs don’t coincide anymore with existing mandates and sectors. The OECD believes that an effective humanitarian response is the one that addresses affected people’s needs in a timely and efficient manner. One way to measure effectiveness is to ask aid beneficiaries what they think about the aid they get. With this is mind, the OECD initiated a first round of surveys during the cycle 2016-2017 in six countries affected by different type of crisis : Lebanon, Afghanistan, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia and Uganda. Two years after the World humanitarian Summit, the OECD and Ground Truth Solutions took another round of surveys in the same countries, plus Bangladesh. The purpose of this second round of surveys is to assess whether the commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, including the Grand Bargain, are having a tangible impact on people’s lives in the most difficult contexts in the world. This paper provides some answers to this question.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d39623d-en
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  • 98
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    Administrative Simplification in the Mexican Social Security Institute (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264456433 , 9789264306561 , 9789264544345
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Simplificación Administrativa en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Administrative simplification in the Mexican Social Security Institute
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialverwaltung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Verwaltungsreform ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Economics ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the impact on citizens and businesses of the administrative simplification measures carried out by the Mexican Social Security Institute. Administrative burdens are measured in the time it takes citizens and businesses to complete forms and wait in line to request or deliver information to the government. Using an adaptation of the Standard Cost Model, this report finds that such burdens for users have decreased by at least 25% thanks to the simplification and digitalisation of administrative formalities. It also suggests how the Institute could reduce burdens even further. By promoting the use of online formalities, IMSS could reduce administrative burdens by an additional 11%.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306561-en
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  • 99
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    Responding to Rising Seas : OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Schlagwort(e): Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Kurzfassung: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312487-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Rejuvenating Korea: Policies for a Changing Society (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264637382 , 9789264585423 , 9789264483590
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rejuvenating Korea
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialer Wandel ; Familienpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Korean families are changing fast. While birth rates remain low, Koreans are marrying and starting a family later than ever before, if at all. Couple-with-children households, the dominant household type in Korea until recently, will soon make up fewer than one quarter of all households. These changes will have a profound effect on Korea’s future. Among other things, the Korean labour force is set to decline by about 2.5 million workers by 2040, with potential major implications for economic performance and the sustainability of public finances. Since the early 2000s, public policy has changed to help parents reconcile work and family commitments: Korea has developed a comprehensive formal day-care and kindergarten system with enrolment rates that are now on par with the Nordic countries. Korea also has one year of paid parental leave for both parents, but only about 25% of mothers and 5% of fathers use it, as workplace cultures are often not conducive to parents, especially fathers, taking leave. Cultural change will take time, but this review suggests there also is a need for additional labour market, education and social policy reform to help Koreans achieve both work and family aspirations, and contribute to the rejuvenation of Korean society.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5eed747-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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