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  • 1
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Serie: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Schlagwort(e): Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264362321
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Portugal: Country Health Profile 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: Este perfil providencia uma visão geral e concisa, centrada nas políticas, sobre o estado da saúde e o sistema de saúde portugueses, fazendo parte da série mais alargada de perfis de saúde nacionais da iniciativa “O Estado de Saúde na UE”. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sucinta que engloba os seguintes aspectos fundamentais: o estado atual da saúde em Portugal; os determinantes da saúde, em particular os factores de risco comportamentais; a organização do sistema de saúde português; e uma avaliação da eficácia, acessibilidade e resiliência do sistema de saúde. Adicionalmente, a edição de 2023 apresenta uma secção temática sobre o estado da saúde mental e serviços associados em Portugal. Este perfil resulta da colaboração entre a OCDE e o Observatório Europeu dos Sistemas e Políticas de Saúde, em cooperação com a Comissão Europeia.
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264913097 , 9789264394872 , 9789264379046
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Finding sufficient funds to pay for more resilient health systems is challenging in the current economic context. COVID-19 has shown the need for additional targeted spending on public health interventions, the digital transformation of health systems, and bolstering the health workforce. Rising incomes, technological innovation and changing demographics put further upward pressure on health spending. This could result in health spending reaching 11.8% of GDP across OECD counties by 2040. This publication explores the policy options to finance more resilient health systems whilst maintaining fiscal sustainability. It finds that the scale of the additional health financing needs requires ambitious and transformative policy changes. Robust actions to encourage healthier populations and policies to reduce ineffective spending can put future health expenditure on a far gentler upward trajectory. These would enable spending to reach a more sustainable 10.6% of GDP in 2040. Better budgetary governance is critical. It improves how public funds for health are determined, executed and evaluated. Therefore, a focus of this report is on how good budgeting practices can increase the efficiency of current public spending, and also enable more ambitious policy changes in the medium to longer-term. Findings of this report are targeted at health and finance policy makers, with improved dialogue between health and finance ministries especially important when governments are operating in a constrained fiscal setting.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264825420 , 9789264577473 , 9789264378490
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Rückwanderung ; Familie ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Return migration has emerged as a critical policy concern for both destination and origin countries. While policy attention in destination countries has been focused on assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programs, particularly for migrants with expulsion orders, these efforts represent only a fraction of broader return movements. This report, based on a project carried out by the OECD with support from the German Corporation for International Co-operation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH – GIZ), commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, analyses the scope and characteristics of different categories of return migration. The report draws on three workshops, held in Tunis, Rabat and Brussels, that discussed return migration in different contexts. It examines the multiple factors that influence migrants' decisions to return to their countries of origin and their reintegration at home, including the role of family and community. The report emphasises the pre-existing structures and networks of returning migrants in origin countries and their role in supporting different types of return migrants. The report also looks at potential re-migration.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264944329 , 9789264653399 , 9789264507401
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Repenser l'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé : Un cadre renouvelé
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitswesen ; Performance-Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Health systems are under intense pressure to adapt to evolving needs and megatrends driven by population ageing, digitalisation, and climate change. They also need to be better prepared to withstand sudden, large-scale shocks such as pandemics, financial crises, natural disasters, or cyberattacks. This shifting policy context and emerging challenges called for a revision in how OECD countries assess health system performance, to help ensure that health systems meet people’s health needs and preferences while providing quality healthcare for all. This document presents the OECD’s renewed health system performance assessment framework. It incorporates new performance dimensions, notably people-centredness, resilience, and environmental sustainability, and places increased emphasis on addressing inequalities, including those related to gender. This framework expands on existing OECD efforts in these domains and integrates the most recent advancements in health system performance assessment. By offering common definitions and fostering a shared understanding among policy makers, stakeholders and organisations, the updated framework will enhance international collaboration. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for developing future indicators, facilitating data collection, policy analysis, and the integration of knowledge.
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Schlagwort(e): Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Kurzfassung: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264967441 , 9789264912816 , 9789264946699
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Agroindustrie ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Due Diligence ; Lieferkette ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This report aims to provide G7 agricultural policy makers with insights to better understand the design, objectives and mechanisms of national and regional, voluntary and mandatory due diligence-related measures. The report creates a fact-based selective inventory for policy makers to identify common elements across the measures with a view to strengthening, where possible, coherence of G7 policy responses to promote responsible business conduct in agricultural supply chains. The inventory also aims to help companies understand different national and regional standards by highlighting synergies and, where applicable discrepancies, to enable and support effective implementation.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264830257 , 9789264594883 , 9789264520448
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; ECOWAS-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Schlagwort(e): Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Kurzfassung: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.89
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff are central to promoting young children’s development, learning and well-being. Novice staff, defined as staff with up to three years of experience, account for 27% of staff in TALIS Starting Strong 2018. Novice staff are generally less educated than experienced staff in terms of the level of educational attainment and education or training with a focus specifically on working with children. More novice staff than experienced staff report a strong need for additional professional development in several areas, including “classroom/playgroup/group management” and “working with parents or families”. Policy approaches to support novice staff in ECEC can include ensuring that initial education prepares novice staff for their jobs by providing relevant knowledge specifically on working with children, supporting novice staff to engage in ongoing professional development, and clarifying how novice staff can progress professionally.
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.88
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsreform ; Indonesien ; Education ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This policy perspective examines Indonesia’s Merdeka Belajar (“Emancipated Learning”) initiative, a comprehensive education reform agenda initiated in 2019. The primary objective of this reform is to enhance learning outcomes, make schooling a more joyful experience, and empower students and school communities. The new "Emancipation Curriculum" emphasises foundational competencies and 21st-century skills and adopts holistic, formative assessment methods. It streamlines content and introduces innovative teaching methods, while increasing teachers' flexibility and autonomy in schools. It also instigates a new model of teacher professional learning. This document contextualises these initiatives within the international education landscape. It offers perspectives on what could help Indonesia ensure the success of these reforms, potentially reshaping the country’s educational future and contributing to its development and prosperity.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Education Indicators in Focus no.84
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Private schools cater for around 1 in 5 students from pre-primary to the end of secondary education, a share that has not changed materially since 2015. They enjoy greater autonomy, suffer fewer shortages of all kinds and handled the COVID-19 pandemic better than public schools. Although their students achieved better results in PISA 2022 in many countries, this is mainly because they enrol more students from advantaged socio-economic backgrounds than their public counterparts. The main challenge in many countries today is to increase the social mix in public and private schools, which is why many efforts have been made in this direction over the past decade.
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  • 23
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.68
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Globale Mindeststeuer ; Welt ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: The paper assesses the impact of the global minimum tax (GMT) on the taxation of multinational enterprises (MNEs), based on a comprehensive dataset capturing the global activities of large MNEs. It has four key findings. First, the GMT substantially reduces the incentives to shift profits. Second, the GMT is estimated to very substantially reduce low-taxed profit worldwide through lower profit shifting and top-up taxation. Third, the GMT is estimated to increase CIT revenues. Finally, the GMT is estimated to reduce tax rate differentials across jurisdictions with potential impacts on the allocation of investment and MNE activity.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264582880 , 9789264791572 , 9789264888821
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Efektīvas strīdu izšķiršanas tiešsaistē attīstība Latvijā
    Schlagwort(e): Konfliktregelung ; Digitalisierung ; Internet ; Lettland ; Governance ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the use of online dispute resolution (ODR) in Latvia. It looks at the country’s efforts to modernise its justice system and develop dispute resolution mechanisms, identifies areas for improvement in line with the OECD ODR Framework, and provides examples of the application of ODR in other countries. The assessment is enriched by the application of the OECD ODR Framework to three specific types of claims – simplified and warning procedures, and consumer claims. It provides recommendations for successfully implementing ODR in Latvia and broadly modernising the justice sector to ensure better access to justice for all.
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264454675 , 9789264848269 , 9789264632974
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Brüssel (Region) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Territorial Review of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium, provides an in-depth assessment of the trends, challenges and opportunities for sustainable and inclusive urban development in the region. It aims to help tackle the so-called ‘Brussels paradox’ between a highly performing region in terms of economic wealth creation and competitiveness but relatively poor social conditions. The region is also grappling with a shortage of affordable and quality housing, as well as several mobility challenges, including a high reliance on individual cars and traffic congestion, resulting in high commuting times and pollution levels, despite good accessibility to public transport. Although a comprehensive urban and land-use planning system exists, there is a lack of co-ordination with the surrounding regions and municipalities to drive more effective policies on housing, mobility, and other infrastructure investments. This review also examines the governance and institutional framework and suggests policy actions to strengthen co-ordination and co-operation mechanisms, and promote incremental collaboration at the metropolitan level. Finally, the review provides recommendations to enhance public finances in the region, focusing on better compensating for its additional charges, co-ordinating public investment among levels of government more efficiently, and establishing a metropolitan fund.
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  • 27
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1790
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Brasilien ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Infrastructure investment has been low in Brazil over the last decades, leaving significant gaps in all infrastructure sectors. To close these gaps, public investment will need to increase and become more effective, while additional private resources need to be mobilised. Improving strategic planning and effectively translating it into budget allocations over time would increase the quality of infrastructure projects. Promoting foreign participation in public procurement would raise competition and value for public money, while strengthening the governance of SOEs would enhance the quality of infrastructure services. Minimising policy and judicial risks would help to leverage more private infrastructure financing, including at longer maturities, while ensuring an adequate risk sharing between public and private actors.
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.20
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Parental emotional support, alongside material and temporal support, is an important determinant of children's subjective well-being and academic success. However, not all children benefit from the same level of parental support, and there are major differences depending on families' socio-economic status and child gender. Using the PISA 2018 surveys, this paper examines differences in parental support reported by 15-year-olds both within countries according to social status and between girls and boys, and between countries. We show that differences in parental emotional support by parents' education level and child gender are substantial. Some of these differences are (largely) explained by other characteristics such as family wealth, country of origin, and school urbanicity and private/public status. Greater parental emotional support is also found to be associated with higher PISA test scores and greater subjective wellbeing, with little variation by parental education. On the whole, our findings suggest that a significant enhancement in parental support and related child outcomes, especially in countries with lower average levels of parental emotional support, can be attained through a combined effort on several fronts: by addressing monetary and material poverty within families, by facilitating parents in balancing work and taking care of their children, by promoting greater parental involvement in their children's school life, and by offering appropriate services to assist families with special needs and facing greater challenges.
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264782389
    Sprache: Griechisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Greece: Country Health Profile 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: Tο παρόν προφίλ παρέχει μια συνοπτική και επικεντρωμένη στην πολιτική επισκόπηση της κατάστασης της υγείας και του συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης στην Ελλάδα, ως μέρος της ευρύτερης σειράς προφίλ υγείας χωρών της πρωτοβουλίας "Η κατάσταση της υγείας στην ΕΕ". Παρουσιάζει μια συνοπτική ανάλυση που περιλαμβάνει τις ακόλουθες βασικές πτυχές: την τρέχουσα κατάσταση της υγείας στην Ελλάδα, τους καθοριστικούς παράγοντες της υγείας, με έμφαση στους παράγοντες κινδύνου συμπεριφοράς, την οργάνωση του ελληνικού συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης και μια αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας, της προσβασιμότητας και της ανθεκτικότητας του συστήματος υγείας. Επιπλέον, η έκδοση του 2023 παρουσιάζει μια θεματική ενότητα για την κατάσταση της ψυχικής υγείας και των σχετικών υπηρεσιών στην Ελλάδα. Το προφίλ αυτό αποτελεί κοινή προσπάθεια του ΟΟΣΑ και του Ευρωπαϊκού Παρατηρητηρίου Συστημάτων και Πολιτικών Υγείας, που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε συνεργασία με την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή.
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.66
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides evidence on the impact of international migrants on regional innovation. The study combines administrative individual-level data covering all Australian residents with data on intellectual property rights applications such as patents, trademarks, and design rights. The analysis uses a standard shift-share instrument based on past migrant settlements to identify the causal effects of migration on innovation. Its four main findings are the following: First, on average, a one percentage point increase in the regional employment share of higher-educated migrants relative to total employment leads to a 4.8% rise in regional patent applications in the medium run (five years). Second, while migrants of all skill and education levels have a positive impact on patenting, those in scientific occupations have the largest effect. Third, regions with lower levels of patenting benefit relatively more from increases in migration compared to those with higher patenting levels. Fourth, there is no effect of migration on trademarks or design rights applications.
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  • 31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1789
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The paper reviews the diverse experience of OECD countries in establishing and running independent fiscal institutions, offering insights that could be useful for Latin American countries seeking to set-up and strengthen those institutions in the region. Through cluster analysis, we identify different types of OECD independent fiscal institutions and draw practical lessons from cases studies. We also identify key features that could serve as a road map for Latin American countries in their efforts to establish or enhance independent fiscal institutions.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Spotlights no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Research evidence in education serves as a compass, directing stakeholders towards informed choices that drive educational progress, enhance teaching methodologies, address inequities and support resource optimisation. Overcoming the challenges of harnessing research evidence in education by policy makers and practitioners involves fostering a culture of research engagement. This Education Spotlight draws on an international Policy Survey conducted with Ministries of Education from 37 education systems, and other evidence from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation publication Who Really Cares About Using Education Research in Policy and Practice? Developing a Culture of Research Engagement (OECD, 2023[1]) and beyond to explore the following questions: • Which systemic conditions, such as resources, infrastructures, and leadership, matter for the development (or transformation) of an organisational and system-level culture of research engagement? How do these conditions relate to one another? • How can these conditions be developed to best support education research engagement from the system level? This Spotlight reflects on the elements at the system level that are crucial for establishing such a culture for policy makers and practitioners. It does so with the understanding that complex systems require thinking strategically and employing systems approaches to knowledge mobilisation, alongside the more commonly used linear models of disseminating evidence or relational ones focusing on partnerships and networks.
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264912564 , 9789264753297 , 9789264675803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Artenvielfalt ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energieinfrastruktur ; Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: As countries scale up climate action, they face the challenge of expanding renewable power while tackling biodiversity loss. Transitioning away from fossil fuels can reduce climate-related pressure on biodiversity, but brings its own risks. Unless carefully managed, the expansion of renewable power could compromise biodiversity. This report synthesises evidence on biodiversity impacts from renewable power infrastructure, with a focus on solar power, wind power and power lines. It identifies opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity into power sector planning and policy to deliver better outcomes for nature and the climate. Drawing on good practice insights from across the globe, the report offers governments recommendations to align renewable power expansion with biodiversity goals.
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Green Finance and Investment
    Schlagwort(e): Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264867604 , 9789264579644 , 9789264438736
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (261 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; EU-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Cancer causes almost a quarter of all deaths in the EU27, Norway and Iceland, with five new cancer cases diagnosed every minute in 2022. Assessing and improving cancer care from prevention to treatment is essential for promoting longer, healthier lives. This report addresses the latest trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the EU and reviews key cancer risk factors, cancer screening programmes and early diagnoses, and issues in the provision of high-quality cancer care. Country performance, cross-cutting challenges and new developments are examined with a particular focus on disparities by regions, socio-economic status and gender. The report provides policy makers with fiscal, regulatory and health systems organisation tools, as well as examples of initiatives that can be undertaken in primary care, workplaces, and schools to better control cancer and counter inequalities.
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Kurzfassung: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264534803 , 9789264633049 , 9789264428553
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Podpora FinTechových inovací v České republice: Možnosti nastavení regulatorního sandboxu
    Schlagwort(e): Finanztechnologie ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; Tschechien ; Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: The FinTech sector is a nascent market in the Czech Republic, with only around one hundred regulated or unregulated FinTech firms. This report analyses the Czech FinTech ecosystem and identifies possible hurdles to innovative development. The report also provides recommendations for designing a regulatory sandbox tailored to the country’s specificities and which could help alleviate some of the impediments to FinTech development. A sandbox could enhance the Czech authorities’ understanding of the impact of innovative mechanisms on financial activities, and enable supervisors to better monitor and ensure compliance of FinTech activities. It could also enhance communication between firms and authorities through targeted dialogue and customised guidance.
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264756762
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Dekarbonisierung ; Südostasien ; Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Institute of Energy Economic, Japan (IEEJ) have developed and published long-term decarbonisation pathways for Southeast Asia and Indonesia. This report provides a comparison of modelling approaches, quantitative drivers, and results from the IEA and IEEJ pathways, highlighting areas of agreement, as well as identifying and explaining differences, and thereby to derive implications.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264675650
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Erdölindustrie ; Gaswirtschaft ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Today, oil and gas operations account for around 15% of total energy-related emissions globally, the equivalent of 5.1 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. In the International Energy Agency’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, the emissions intensity of these activities falls by 50% by the end of the decade. Combined with the reductions in oil and gas consumption in this scenario, this results in a 60% reduction in emissions from oil and gas operations to 2030. Fortunately, oil and gas producers have a clear opportunity to address the problem of emissions from their activities through a series of ready-to-implement and cost-effective measures. These include tackling methane emissions, eliminating all non-emergency flaring, electrifying upstream facilities with low-emissions electricity, equipping oil and gas processes with carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies, and expanding the use of hydrogen from low-emissions electrolysis in refineries. Upfront investments totalling USD 600 billion would be required to halve the emissions intensity of oil and gas operations globally by 2030. This is only a fraction of the record windfall income that oil and gas producers accrued in 2022 – a year of soaring energy prices amid a global energy crisis. This report aims to inform discussions on these issues in the run-up to the COP28 Climate Change Conference in Dubai in November and is part of a broader World Energy Outlook special report to be released later in 2023 focusing on the role of the oil and gas industry in net zero transitions.
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264348370 , 9789264642966 , 9789264566835
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Malta ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Malta ; Governance ; Malta
    Kurzfassung: In Malta, public procurement accounted for approximately 6% of GDP in 2019 and is recognised as a strategic instrument for achieving government policy goals, including recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite recent efforts, the public procurement system still faces several challenges in several areas. This report provides an overview of the procurement system and tailored recommendations in six main areas: i) the organisational structure of the public procurement system, ii) public procurement processes, iii) risk management, iv) the strategic use of public procurement, v) the professionalisation of the procurement workforce, and vi) the performance measurement framework.
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264485198
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätspolitik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; China ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Power markets are an instrument used globally to ensure electricity security while maintaining affordability and incentivising decarbonisation. The People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) has been making big steps towards implementing markets, and the goals announced in 2020 of carbon dioxide emissions peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 have added momentum to expand their footprint. Provinces have taken a leading role in designing and implementing markets. To improve sharing of resources, the guidance to implement a unified national market system pushes for more co-ordination between provinces. This report examines the role of power markets in China and the pathways to develop a national market. The analysis focuses on short-term markets because they have the potential to unlock flexibility the system needs in light of renewables growth and changing weather patterns. The report provides recommendations to improve markets’ co-ordination across the country as well as within the provinces.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264469273 , 9789264775930 , 9789264835030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria
    Kurzfassung: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve youth skills, improve adult skills, use skills effectively in the labour market and at work, and improve the governance of the skills system in Bulgaria.
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Schlagwort(e): Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.288
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: How is upper secondary education organised across OECD countries? This level of education, which most frequently serves students aged between 15 to 18, is generally the first time when learners have significant capacity to shape the content of their learning, for example by opting for general or vocational education, choosing their subjects and developing a specialisation. Across the OECD, education systems have developed different ways to be responsive to different student needs and interests while trying to ensure that learners develop coherent foundational skills. This paper captures the diversity of countries’ upper secondary systems by: 1) developing a common language that sets the foundation for internationally comparative analysis; 2) categorising how countries organise their programmes in upper secondary education to manage choice, coherence and specialisation; and 3) identifying benefits and strategies to mitigate the risks associated with different approaches to upper secondary programmes for students, education systems and society.
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  • 45
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.60
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, have become widespread in recent years. This paper describes the key design features of tax incentives available in 49 member countries of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS (IF), covering all OECD countries and EU countries. It outlines differences in the design of such incentives that may translate into differences in the tax benefits offered. The information collected and reported in this paper is a first step towards a more systematic comparison of tax support policies for R&D and Innovation.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
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  • 47
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264647237 , 9789264569874 , 9789264425217
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Rechtsordnung ; Verfahrensrecht ; Kinder ; Kinderschutz ; Lettland ; Governance ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: Latvia’s current National Development Plan, approved in 2020, sets out a clear vision for the Latvian justice system by 2027. This includes establishing international standards and good practices in the development of national policies to build a child-friendly justice system. This report assesses the benefits of implementing the Barnahus model in Latvia as a child-friendly and interagency one-stop shop to support children exposed to violence or abuse as well as those who have witnessed violence. It examines a whole-of-state approach to promote a justice system that is more people- and child-friendly, incorporating sound governance mechanisms. This report provides recommendations for delivering more targeted and accessible child-friendly justice services in Latvia, as well as different approaches used in OECD Member and partner countries to close justice inequality gaps.
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  • 48
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264499300
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Wasserstofftechnologie ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Towards Hydrogen Definitions Based on their Emissions Intensity is a new report by the International Energy Agency, designed to inform policy makers, hydrogen producers, investors and the research community in advance of the G7 Climate, Energy and Environmental Ministerial meeting in April 2023. This report assesses the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the different hydrogen production routes and reviews ways to use the emissions intensity of hydrogen production in the development of regulation and certification schemes. An internationally agreed emissions accounting framework is a way to move away from the use of terminologies based on colours or other terms that have proved impractical for the contracts that underpin investment. The adoption of such a framework can bring much-needed transparency, as well as facilitating interoperability and limiting market fragmentation, thus becoming a useful enabler of investments for the development of international hydrogen supply chains.
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Mindestlohn ; Niedriglohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. This Policy Insights introduces and contextualises the concept of a living wage. It also highlights the key measurement assumptions and criteria that underlie the calculations of a living wage and calls for greater clarity and consistency in existing methodologies.
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.33
    Schlagwort(e): Artenvielfalt ; Finanzrisiko ; Bankenaufsicht ; Risikomanagement ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a methodological supervisory framework to help central banks and financial supervisors assess biodiversity-related financial risks, impacts and dependencies in the financial sector, including transmission channels for physical and transition risks. This framework is designed to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. It draws on a previous mapping of existing approaches, while also accounting for broader nature-related financial risks. While acknowledging different national circumstances, this methodological framework is designed to be applicable broadly for central banks, supervisors and commercial banks across different countries.
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  • 51
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.49
    Schlagwort(e): Verbraucherpreisindex ; Immobilienpreis ; Städtischer Wohnungsmarkt ; Städtischer Immobilienmarkt ; Miete ; Stadtbevölkerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Cities across the world have been battling a housing crisis in recent decades, with many residents increasingly struggling to find affordable homes, and broader issues arising around tackling homelessness, improving housing quality, and harnessing the role of housing in climate change mitigation. This housing crisis has been exacerbated by the cost-of-living crisis that saw inflation reach record highs in 2022. City mayors can take critical action through their powers over housing, land use, and infrastructure. This paper highlights the systemic issues underlying the housing crisis in cities, and offers inspiring examples of how cities in OECD countries and beyond have been addressing these challenges. It aims to inform the 6th Meeting of OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth and drive positive change towards more affordable cities and homes for all.
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  • 52
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: PISA in Focus no.122
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Creative thinking matters. It is consistently ranked among the top skills employers value and, when students think creatively, their motivation to learn increases and their learning becomes deeper and more transferable. As more education systems formally recognise the key role that education can play in nurturing creative thinking skills, the question is: what policies are needed to ensure that, systematically, all young people have the opportunity to develop these skills as part of their formal education? To what extent are education systems supporting their students and teachers in promoting the kinds of learning environments where creative thinking can flourish? This brief addresses these questions by reporting and analysing responses to an online policy survey from 90 national and sub-national education jurisdictions participating in PISA 2022.
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  • 53
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.158
    Schlagwort(e): Basisgesundheitsversorgung ; Niederlande ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: The Menzis Shared Savings Program was initiated in 2014 by the Dutch insurer Menzis and the national primary care organisation Arts en Zorg, and is among the first value-based payment models for primary care in Europe. It runs as a complement to the current – volume-driven – primary care payment system. This paper reviews the evidence of the impact of this programme against its stated objectives. The Menzis Shared Savings Program led to a lower volume of care, particularly in terms of referrals to specialist care, laboratory care and general practitioners care. Main facilitating factors were the advanced data infrastructure in place, communication and transparency about the programme’s parameters, and the programme’s focus on mitigating financial risk and uncertainty for providers. Shared savings models – even when added as a mere complement to existing volume-driven payment methods – could enhance value in health systems.
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.35
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Investition ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung ; Irland ; Environment ; Governance ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: Infrastructure is an essential consideration when it comes to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. It plays a pivotal role in achieving climate neutrality and resilience but is also susceptible to certain risks. As infrastructure has a long lifespan, it is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change over time. Poor planning and management of infrastructure assets can also increase dependency on fossil fuels and lock in climate risks. It is thus important that infrastructure is implemented in a way that helps address environmental and climate challenges. Developing effective strategies to meet environmental and climate objectives is one of the main priorities of the Irish Government. Project Ireland 2040 offers a unique opportunity to ensure that infrastructure investments support climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Building on this impetus, the OECD has provided technical support to the Irish Government to strengthen climate and environmental considerations in its public infrastructure decision making process. This policy paper sets out a detailed overview of infrastructure planning, project appraisal and budgeting practice in Ireland, and identifies challenges and opportunities for environmental and climate considerations.
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  • 55
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.29
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between oxidative DNA damage and irreversible genomic damage (chromosomal aberrations and mutations). DNA damage is considered an important contributor to the adverse health effects of many environmental toxicants and this AOP may thus be of widespread use to the regulatory community. Although increase in oxidative DNA damage is the molecular initiating event for this AOP, there are numerous upstream key events that can also lead to DNA oxidation. Thus, this AOP may be expanded upstream, and could be incorporated into a variety of AOP networks. Furthermore, the AOP points to critical research gaps required to establish the quantitative associations and modulating factors that connect KEs across the AOP, and highlights the utility of novel test methods in understanding and evaluating the implications of oxidative DNA damage. This AOP is referred to as AOP 296 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).
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  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.221
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Several efforts have been made to track progress on environmental innovations using very different approaches. However, many lack coverage, granularity, timeliness and may involve high data collection costs, especially when conducted on a large scale. Traditional indicators also overlook commercialised innovation and breakthrough innovation. This issue is particularly relevant for environmental innovation, where scaling-up is considered key to address the climate, biodiversity and pollution crises. The paper reviews potential metrics to measure commercialised climate change-related innovation and to measure breakthrough environmental innovation. By comparing advantages and drawbacks of various options, the paper selects two families of metrics to measure commercialised climate change-related innovation: one based on patent assignments and the other one based on licensing agreements. For breakthrough environmental innovation, the paper concludes that a family of metrics based on venture capital data is currently the most promising option to pursue. The paper then develops the selected new metrics and provides trends in environmental innovation over time, across sectors and when possible across countries. The paper concludes that additional data sources should be explored to extend the application of the proposed new metrics in more countries and consider a more comprehensive set of supports to innovation.
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2022, no. 1 | volume:2022 | year:2022 | number:1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2022, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Nuclear Energy
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.156
    Schlagwort(e): Arzneimittel ; Patent ; Wettbewerb ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Preis ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: The 2018 OECD report Pharmaceutical Innovation and Access to Medicines noted that fostering competition in both on- and off-patent markets can improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical spending. Various policies are used to promote competition among off-patent medicines, but generally do not induce competition in on-patent markets. While tendering is widely used for hospital and other institutional purchasing, it is less common for ambulatory care medicines, or where medicines are reimbursed rather than supplied directly. As part of its broader work agenda on “Increasing the transparency of pharmaceutical markets to inform policies”, this paper explores how payers could harness competition to improve the efficiency of spending on medicines still subject to patent protection or regulatory exclusivity. The OECD undertook an extensive analysis consisting of two parts: 1) a quantitative analysis using product-level time series sales data to explore whether therapeutic competition occurs, and, if so, how it has affected prices and volumes over time, based on a sample of countries and therapeutic classes and 2) a review of current practices and policies on pricing, coverage and procurement of on-patent medicines to identify whether these have been influencing competition between alternative therapeutic products. This report presents the key findings from this analytical work.
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  • 59
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.273
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of the evolving nature of digital trade and digital trade policies. It shows that digital trade has been growing faster than “non-digital” trade. By 2018, 24% of global trade (USD 5.1 trillion) could be considered digital trade. In parallel, countries have embraced digital trade provisions in trade agreements and new digital economy agreements have emerged. The empirical analysis shows that growing digital connectivity delivers a double dividend, increasing both domestic and international trade. It also shows that digital trade chapters have the potential to double the effect of trade agreements, while reductions in domestic barriers affecting digital trade have a strong export-enhancing effect, particularly in digitally-deliverable services. Overall, the results suggest that digital connectivity and digital trade policies play a significant and growing role in reducing trade costs and increasing trade across countries at all levels of development. The paper calls for wider participation and ambition in discussions at the WTO.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264962590 , 9789264451698 , 9789264378087
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Schlagwort(e): Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz ; Indonesien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the policy recommendations resulting from the National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia, which took place between June 2022 and March 2023. Getting water resources management right, underpinned with appropriate financing mechanisms, is a prerequisite for realising Indonesia’s ambitious national economic growth agenda to become one of the top five global economies by 2045. The Dialogue, therefore, centred around two priority areas: 1) financing water infrastructure and 2) non-structural measures for flood disaster risk reduction. The report explores several instruments to enhance the financing of water services in Indonesia, such as the advantages and disadvantages of uniform water tariffs, independent economic regulation, pollution charges and demand management instruments. The report recommends the utilisation of land value capture as an additional source of financing. It also explores how water information systems for disaster response, flood forecasting and early warning can reduce flood disaster risk. The National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia is part of a regional initiative with the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Asia Water Council and the OECD.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.52
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a snapshot of the development of renewable energies in the European Union Outermost Regions (EU ORs), focusing on their potential to contribute to the green transition while creating sustainable economic development opportunities. It reviews the policy frameworks and tools in place in EU ORs with respect to renewable energies, and provides specific policy recommendations. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264572225 , 9789264361850 , 9789264433472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Rural Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Ländliche Industrie ; Slowenien ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Frankreich ; Ländlicher Raum ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The Future of Rural Manufacturing provides insights on the transformations that have occurred in manufacturing across rural regions in recent decades. It describes opportunities and challenges in this context, highlighting those relating to climate and demographic change and digitalisation, as well as shifting patterns in globalisation. With support from the European Commission, the project combines a wide range of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The former examines broad trends in manufacturing performance across OECD rural (TL3) regions between 2000 and 2019, with deeper dives that draw on more granular microdata in 14 OECD countries. Case studies were conducted across 12 regions in Slovenia, Germany, Italy, and France. They comprised interviews with over 300 local, regional, and national actors across government, private sector, universities, research institutes, NGOs and non-profit community organisations. The project also benefited from foresight and futures workshops conducted in January and July 2022 with experts and policymakers across OECD countries.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264873568 , 9789264347915 , 9789264941090
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (382 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Antibiotika ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; EWR-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the ability of microbes to resist antimicrobials – remains an alarming global health threat. This is despite the efforts made by OECD and EU/EEA countries to curtail it. Unless additional effective interventions are scaled up quickly, AMR rates are forecasted to increase in the next three decades across OECD and EU/EEA countries, with costs exceeding the healthcare expenditure on the COVID-19 pandemic. Using microsimulation and machine-learning techniques, this report analyses critical policy levers to inform the next generation of AMR initiatives. It shows that tackling the detrimental health and economic impact of AMR requires embracing a One Health framework – a collaborative, trans-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approach that promotes close co-operation and collaboration across human health, animal health, agrifood systems and the environment. This report identifies 11 One Health "best buys" that, if implemented systematically, would improve population health, reduce health expenditure and generate positive returns for the economy.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264935662
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Lesotho ; Taxation ; Lesotho
    Kurzfassung: This publication contains the 2023 Second Round Peer Review on the Exchange of Information on Request for Lesotho. It refers to Phase 1 only (Legal and Regulatory Framework).
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Serie: OECD development pathways
    Schlagwort(e): Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.10
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration des politiques et bien-être des enfants : Que peuvent faire les pays pour être plus performants ?
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This Policy Insights takes stock of OECD countries' recent initiatives to strengthen the integration of child well-being policies. It lays out some of the challenges facing countries as they work to push the child well-being policy agenda forward and discusses what countries can do to become more effective. As this Policy Insights illustrates, integrated policy plans offer opportunities to steer the child policy agenda but can be tricky to grow beyond a guiding framework. Countries should consider narrowing down their scope and incentivising joint work. Child-specific policy tools are not yet playing a fully effective role in mainstreaming the child well-being policy agenda across government. Being strategic about investing in these tools and extending their use is called for.
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  • 67
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.349
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Malawi ; Peru ; South Africa
    Kurzfassung: Using panel data for Indonesia, Malawi, Peru and South Africa, this paper investigates the relationship between transitions to formal employment and workers' labour income. It shows that transiting from informal to formal employment increases the probability of improving workers' labour income in both absolute and relative terms. However, income gains from formalisation do not accrue to all workers equally. Switching to formal employment has the greatest potential to improve the labour income of the richest workers. The chances of improving the labour income of the poorest workers through formalisation are slim. Transitions between formal and informal employment affect income gains and losses differently for men and women, older and younger workers, and workers with different levels of schooling. The effects of labour market transitions on income changes are considerably greater in magnitude than other life events such as a births, separation, or death of a partner or spouse.
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/18
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: In the north-western corner of Germany, the Ems-Achse, a rural region, has witnessed a decade of economic growth. This growth has exacerbated labour shortages, primarily due to an aging population and the outmigration of youth. Acknowledging the potential of teleworking, regional stakeholders aim to explore its capacity to address labour gaps and attract a broader talent pool. This paper delves into three main dimensions for harnessing teleworking's potential: activating individuals who are not currently seeking employment, expanding the talent pool to include surrounding areas, and attracting workers from congested urban areas or overseas. To facilitate successful teleworking, the region can bolster its high-speed internet infrastructure, promote a culture of flexibility in management and nurture digital skills. Additionally, increasing opportunities for higher education, improving public transportation and enhancing international accessibility could help profile the Ems-Achse as an attractive hub for teleworkers.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264935884
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Argentinien ; Taxation ; Argentina
    Kurzfassung: This publication contains the 2023 Combined Second Round Peer Review on the Exchange of Information on Request for Argentina.
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  • 70
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264751422 , 9789264773431 , 9789264906112
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (291 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the conceptual foundations of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), now in its eighth cycle of comprehensive and rigorous international surveys of student knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in modern societies. As in previous cycles, the 2022 PISA assessment covered reading, mathematics and science, with a major focus on mathematics, plus an evaluation of students' creative thinking and financial literacy skills. This publication includes the frameworks for assessing mathematics, financial literacy and creative thinking. These chapters outline the content knowledge and skills that students need to acquire in each domain, how each domain is assessed, and the contexts in which this knowledge and these skills are applied. The publication also presents the frameworks for the various questionnaires distributed to students, school principals, parents and teachers, including a new Global Crisis Module (GCM) for students and school principals. It concludes with the framework for the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) familiarity questionnaire distributed to students.
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  • 71
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.54
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: The rise of remote working in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic may have reshaped people's preferences on residential locations, thus generating a new geography of housing demand. So far, the literature has mainly focused on what has become known as the "doughnut effect", the hollowing out of large metropolitan centres towards their respective suburban areas ("commuting zones"). However, changes in residential preferences might have affected urban and rural living in more nuanced ways. This paper shows that changes in relative house prices – a proxy for short-term changes in demand for home ownership ("housing demand") – have gone beyond the metropolitan boundaries, consistent with the idea of longer but less frequent home to work commuting. Interestingly, we are not seeing a re-emerging preference for rural life as such but, rather, a desire to move to places that combine the benefits of rural and urban life. In the areas outside the main metropolitan centres but within the commuting zones, housing demand has increased the most in low density, more affordable, settlements (rural). In contrast, beyond the boundaries of large metropolitan areas, where most space tends to be rural, housing demand has increased the most in high-density settlements (cities).
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/16
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Platform cooperatives refer to cooperatives that are directly owned and managed by their members and that use websites and/or mobile apps to sell goods and/or services. They have emerged in large part as alternatives to digital labour platforms to promote better working conditions with evidence of significant growth in recent years. This paper provides an overview of employment in platform cooperatives and offers insights on their distinctive features. In particular, it provides i) insights on working conditions associated with such platforms; ii) an overview on the challenges they face in creating jobs as well as scaling up, developing and expanding their activity; and iii) policy recommendations and examples of policy actions that could help policy makers best support them to generate work opportunities and enhance job quality. This paper was produced as part of the OECD Global Action on Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems, funded by the European Union's Foreign Partnership Instrument.
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  • 73
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.360
    Schlagwort(e): Datenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Privacy Guidelines are the first internationally agreed-upon set of privacy principles and are recognized as the global minimum standard for privacy and data protection. They are a solid foundation for building effective protection and trust for individuals, and also for developing common international approaches to transborder data flows. Since their adoption, they have influenced legislation and policy in OECD countries and beyond. This document reproduces the two existing explanatory memoranda that accompany the OECD Privacy Guidelines. The first, published in 1980, was developed alongside the original version of the OECD Privacy Guidelines to help in their interpretation and application. The supplementary Explanatory Memorandum was developed to provide context and rationale for the revisions to the OECD Privacy Guidelines made in 2013.
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  • 74
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/15
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Produced as part of the OECD Global Action "Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems" funded by the European Union, this paper explores the role of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) in implementing and complementing public systems for refugee protection, reception and integration. In particular, it reviews the different activities SSE entities can deploy in support of forcibly displaced populations, asylum seekers and refugees, along their journey from origin through to destination countries. Finally, it offers some policy considerations on how the SSE can help national and local governments identify win-win solutions for refugee and host communities.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/17
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Governance ; France ; Italy ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, international development co-operation has undergone a transition from a conventional donor-recipient model to a partnership-centred approach, including with regions and cities. Friuli Venezia Giulia, a small region in north-eastern Italy with extensive policy autonomy, has been active in international co-operation and is seeking to get more out of its actions both for the region and with its co-operation partners around the world. This paper evaluates its strategy on international partnership and co-operation and proposes recommendations, including more targeted initiatives that leverage the expertise of the region for greater impact in partner countries and for local benefits.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.48
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Between 2017 and 2022, G20 members invested over USD 20 billion in 671 projects related to rural youth employment in Africa. The G20 Initiative for Rural Youth Employment (RYE), launched in 2017, overachieved the targets set to provide employment-related skills to 5 million youth and create 1.1 million jobs by 2022. The most common types of interventions were those focused on agriculture value chain development, skills training, and the promotion of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses. The paper assesses the achievements of the G20 Initiative for RYE, analyses different RYE programmes and provides recommendations for future G20 initiatives and RYE programming. Despite great progress, much remains to be done to tackle rural youth employment challenges.
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264844414
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: This report aims to highlight the needs of integral experiments in the field of nuclear criticality safety, and to identify the available experimental facilities where such experiments could be performed. In order to identify existing experimental needs, the NEA surveyed international nuclear criticality safety (NCS) practitioners and members of the Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS). Responses were received from eight organisations and five countries (Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Japan and the United States); additional responses were also sent by four organisations in two countries (Switzerland and the United Kingdom). The survey results were examined by the WPNCS Subgroup on Experimental Needs for Criticality Safety Purposes (SG-5), which ranked the 25 identified needs in terms of priority as well as describing these needs in detail. A dedicated section of the report describes the existing proprietary experiments that might be used to meet some of the identified needs. Another section highlights some of the many facilities available to perform some of the prioritised criticality experiments.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264860193
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: The clean energy transition requires a fundamental transformation of power systems, including much higher levels of digitalisation at scale across all grid domains, from generation to transmission and distribution to end-use. Strong policy attention is required to scale up investments in smarter and more resilient grids in emerging and developing economies where electricity consumption is set to grow at a rapid rate while also providing greater levels of electricity access. Investments in smarter and more resilient grids will be necessary to accommodate the greater deployment of renewable energy and enhance energy security. Digital technologies designed for power systems are instrumental to unlock essential system services required to integrate high shares of variable renewable energy. They can also provide solutions to leverage data flows, connectivity, and management across the whole electricity system. To unlock these digital opportunities, adequate planning, investment, and policy action are needed. As part of the Digital Demand Driven Electricity Networks (3DEN) initiative, this report provides guidance for energy policy makers on possible ways to enable and drive investments in smart and resilient electricity grids. It also gives suggestions on how to start creating an environment that supports the effective use of innovative digital technologies within the electricity sector. It draws on examples and case studies to show the wide range of digital opportunities and solutions that can help governments implement efficient and smart power systems.
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  • 79
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.65
    Schlagwort(e): Klimapolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This paper takes stock of the institutional set-ups, mechanisms and practices used by governments, and in particular centres of government, to steer climate change policy. To respond effectively to climate change, governments need decision-making and co-ordinating processes that reflect the complexity and pressing nature of the climate crisis, the multitude of stakeholders involved, and the need to balance between short-term and long-term policy objectives. With their unique positioning, centres of government in OECD Member countries often play a crucial role in providing leadership and co-ordination for climate policy. The first part of this paper identifies the institutional arrangements, mandates and skillsets of centres of government for climate-related action. The second part analyses the centre's stewardship role at different stages of the policy cycle, touching on strategic planning, co-ordination, the development of evidence-informed policies, and monitoring as well as overall efforts to "green" public administrations.
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  • 80
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.162
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitskosten ; Messung ; Altersstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Assessing health system performance over time or across countries often means comparing populations with very different characteristics, including age structure. The share of the population aged 65 years and over ranges from less than 1 in 10 in some of the Latin American countries of the OECD to almost 3 in 10 in Japan. At the same time, populations are aging rapidly - on average across the OECD, there are 20% more people over 65 since 2015. Since risk of illness and ill-health generally increases with age, a population with an older demographic structure can expect higher mortality rates, greater incidence and prevalence of certain diseases, and thus higher demands for healthcare and, by consequence, higher spending on health. This working paper argues that the level of health spending depends not only on the size of the population (among other factors), but also on the demographic structure of the population. The paper reviews the international literature on age-adjusting health spending, and examines three methods of age-adjustment to report and compare health expenditure data between OECD countries and over time.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Education Indicators in Focus no.83
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Teachers' salaries are widely debated around the world, with divergent views among the actors of education. Salaries have risen very little over the last decade and have even fallen in real terms in almost half of OECD countries between 2015 and 2022. However, salary levels are just one of the many factors contributing to the attractiveness of the profession. In addition to raising salaries, decision makers should also take steps to raise the status of the profession in society, and offer teachers more opportunities for professional development and mobility to ensure that the profession remains intellectually stimulating throughout their careers.
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  • 82
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.47
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a factual baseline of the extent to which refugees and internally displaced persons are included in development planning, specifically in the national development plans and sector plans of low- and middle-income countries; in the international development co-operation strategies of Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and participants; and in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks of the UN development system at country level. It contributes to measuring progress towards commitments – under the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the UN Action Agenda on Internal Displacement – to treat forced displacement also as a development issue. Finally, it formulates policy recommendations to further improve the inclusion of the forcibly displaced in development planning.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264840447
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Saubere Energie ; Finanzierung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Private Investition ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: A massive scaling up of investment is essential in emerging and developing economies to sustainably meet rising demand for energy, as well as to ensure that climate targets are met. Getting on track for net zero emissions by 2050 will require clean energy spending in emerging and developing economies to more than triple by 2030 – far beyond the capacity of public financing alone and therefore demanding an unprecedented mobilization of private capital. This special report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Finance Corporation (IFC) examines how to scale up private finance for clean energy transitions by quantifying the investments required in different regions and sectors to build modern, clean energy systems, including achieving universal access. The new global energy economy represents a huge opportunity for growth and employment in emerging and developing economies. This report's analysis identifies key barriers and how to remove them – and sets out the policy actions and financial instruments that can deliver a major acceleration in private capital flows for the energy transition.
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264922662 , 9789264739642 , 9789264480544
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : République tchèque 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Tschechien ; Development ; Czechia
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members' development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. The Czech Republic's (Czechia) official development assistance remained stable on average at 0.14% of gross national income since 2016 and jumped to 0.36% in 2022 primarily due to the costs of hosting Ukrainian refugees. Czechia is recognised for its strong support to democratic transition and human rights. Its long-term 2018-2030 strategy ensures predictability and provides for flexibility. The report highlights efforts to engage with the European Union and its members, and identifies opportunities for building institutional learning processes. As the Czech development co-operation continues making progress towards established DAC standards, this peer review provides a set of recommendations to strengthen its institutional set-up to accelerate progress towards a more cohesive portfolio that explicitly addresses poverty and/or inequality, and to build better partnerships with local CSOs and the private sector.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.76
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsfinanzierung ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Finnland ; Education ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: This policy brief was prepared as part of the OECD's Resourcing Higher Education Project. This wider project aims to provide a shared knowledge base for OECD member and partner countries on policy for higher education resourcing, drawing on system-specific and comparative policy analysis. The policy brief for Finland was developed at the request of the Finnish authorities to support reflection on possible adjustments to the public funding model for Finnish higher education for the funding period (2025-28). The brief reviews the key challenges facing higher education in Finland and national policy priorities, compares Finland's model of funding higher education institutions (HEIs) with models in OECD systems sharing similar characteristics to Finland's and reviews policy options – both within and outside of the funding model – to support achievement of key policy objectives.
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  • 86
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.115
    Schlagwort(e): Fahrerloses Transportsystem ; Autonomes Fahrzeug ; Güterverkehr ; Welt ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: This report explores how mobility services using automated vehicles might change the transport landscape. How can automated transport services help enable positive outcomes for societies? How will they ensure passenger safety? What rules should apply to such new services that overlap with other, heavily regulated services like taxis and public transport? The report assesses where regulation should adapt and outlines principles for forward-looking regulation. It offers pragmatic recommendations to bring in better transport for citizens.
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  • 87
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.63
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This working paper discusses strategic foresight initiatives and methodologies that support decision making and process design. It highlights case studies, international benchmarks, and best practices, as well as methodological recommendations and options for promoting the adoption and use of strategic foresight in government. The paper has four sections, each centred on a critical action to improve decision making through strategic foresight: (i) framing strategic foresight, (ii) building its fundamental components in governments, (iii) fine-tuning foresight interventions to specific contexts, and (iv) undertaking concrete activities to solve specific policy challenges. Given its exploratory nature, this working paper and its proposals should be seen as contributing to ongoing debates about the use of strategic foresight for decision making in government. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to help governments become more proactive and prospective.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264821668
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Nukleare Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: While there is a growing interest in the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) as a promising option to help mitigate climate change, further international efforts are needed to accelerate the development and safety demonstration of the innovative technologies that are being considered for many of these SMRs. This publication presents the actions taken by the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its expert group on SMRs to define the areas of future CSNI research and safety assessment work needed to support sound safety demonstrations for SMRs. The proposed activities address four areas: support for regulatory harmonisation, common safety issues of interest for different designs, experimental campaigns, and benchmarking for computer code validation and verification.
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264628984
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Kolumbien ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member, accession and association countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This first energy policy review of Colombia's energy policies examines the country's achievements in developing its energy sector as well as the challenges it faces in ensuring a sustainable energy future. Colombia's energy transition policy making is an inspiring example of a fossil fuel producing country committed to climate action, based on a long-term decarbonisation pathway and a policy of energy and economic diversification and a just transition. This report provides insights into Colombia's unique energy system transformation, which is linked to expanding access to electricity and clean cooking for its citizens and swiftly deploying renewable energy technologies. It analyses the full breadth of the country's energy sector and presents recommendations for strengthening the country's people-centred, secure and clean energy transition. These include clean energy technology and innovation, adapting energy market rules, notably in power and gas markets; integrating higher shares of variable renewables; addressing air quality; and reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.37
    Schlagwort(e): Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Katastrophenschutz ; Portugal ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in Portugal, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country's capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of Portugal's wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.52
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides novel evidence on the regional impact of immigration on native employment in a cross-country framework based on rich European Labour Force Surveys and past censuses data for 2010-2019. The paper finds a modest average impact of the rise in the share of immigrants across European regions on the employment-to-population rate of natives, but highly uneven effects over time and across workers and regions. The short-run estimates show adverse employment effects in response to immigration that nevertheless disappear in the longer run. High-school or less educated native workers experience employment losses due to immigration, whereas higher educated workers are more likely to experience employment gains. Moreover, the presence of institutions providing strict employment protection and high coverage of collective wage agreements exert a protective effect on native employment. Finally, the paper finds that regions experiencing strong growth can absorb immigrant workers, resulting in little or no effect on the native workforce, including in the short-run.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264903586
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (231 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Antigua und Barbuda ; Taxation ; Antigua and Barbuda
    Kurzfassung: This publication contains the 2023 Second Round Peer Review on the Exchange of Information on Request for Antigua and Barbuda.
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  • 93
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2023/01
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The COVID 19 pandemic has inflicted a series of shocks on the global economy, not least impacting global trade and investment. During the same time, several countries adopted new foreign direct investment (FDI) related policies. This paper presents novel preliminary evidence on the effects of these new FDI policies and COVID-19-related supply-chain disruptions on cross-border investment. It employs, among others, granular data on FDI policies and investment projects undertaken in a wide range of sectors in 175 host economies worldwide by investors from 46 home countries. It finds that a combination of FDI policies and COVID-19-related measures has a statistically significant and economically meaningful negative effect on the probability of a new cross-border greenfield investment project occurring during the sample period. The effect is the strongest in sectors with high R&D intensity.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264959767
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Färöer ; Taxation ; Faroe Islands
    Kurzfassung: This publication contains the 2023 Second Round Peer Review on the Exchange of Information on Request for the Faroe Islands.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264701939 , 9789264597211 , 9789264782365
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'edilizia abitativa in Italia attraverso il telescopio e il microfono: Prospettive ed esperienze internazionali degli attori del progetto abitativo
    Schlagwort(e): Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Wohnungsmarkt ; Wohnungswirtschaft ; Italien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: As in most OECD countries, obtaining good-quality housing in a location facilitating access to jobs, public services and amenities can be very challenging for Italian households with low or unstable income. This book sheds light on access to housing in Italy from two different, complementary vantage points. First, it puts the Italian housing market in international perspective using OECD statistics and analysis to compare housing policies and outcomes in Italy to other OECD countries. Second, it zooms in on selected Italian innovative housing projects, where it asks residents and other stakeholders about their experiences with these initiatives: what were their difficulties, how have the projects been designed and developed, what did the projects bring to them?
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Stadtwachstum ; Finanzierung ; Stadtökonomik ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Stadtentwicklung ; Klimawandel ; Digitalisierung ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: By 2050, the global population living in cities is projected to reach 5 billion, growing from 3.5 billion in 2015. Massive investment in infrastructure will be needed to accommodate this growth, and to adapt infrastructure to climate change and benefit from the digital transition. This report explores three ways to meet this challenge. Firstly, it outlines how new forms of urban planning can help to mobilise private finance for inclusive, resilient and sustainable urban investment. Secondly, it explores how leveraging private investment can help to strengthen cities capacity to support needed investment in a tighter fiscal environment. Finally, it considers the potential opportunities and challenges for mobilising sustainable finance – green, social and sustainable bonds and loans, sustainability-linked bonds and catastrophe bonds – for infrastructure investment by City Governments. The report also includes 17 short case studies from 12 countries that demonstrate innovative practices for creating the Cities of Tomorrow.
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264394490 , 9789264934047 , 9789264603356
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Häusliche Pflege ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia
    Kurzfassung: The demand for help with daily activities – so-called long-term care – is set to increase in Croatia. The population is ageing at a faster rate than the EU average, and by 2050, about one-third of the population is projected to be aged 65 years and over. In addition, with one of the highest poverty rates among older people in EU countries, at 30%, most older people cannot afford long-term care without public support. However, the long-term care system is both fragmented, with multiple benefits and services across different providers, and underfunded with public expenditure among the lowest across EU countries. As a result, long-term care remains unaffordable for most people even after receiving public support, leading to gaps in access, inequities, and a strong reliance on relatives to provide the bulk of long-term care. This report suggests avenues to improve access and equity of long-term care and proposes policy recommendations to enhance the support for family carers.
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264329218
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Erneuerbare Energie ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Energiemarkt ; Welt ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: The key areas examined by the report include the latest data and analysis on renewable power capacity additions in 2022 – globally and for major markets – as well as forecasts for 2023 and 2024. The update will look at key topics for renewables this year and next, including how the energy crisis will affect their deployment in the EU, their impact on energy affordability, and the latest trends in the United States, China and India. It will also explore the implications of developments affecting major technologies like solar, wind and biofuels – including market dynamics, financing, energy security priorities, manufacturing and power system integration. The report provides the IEA's latest assessment of the state of play in renewables markets since the publication of our Renewables 2022 report in December. In exploring the most recent market and policy developments as of April 2022, our Renewable Energy Market Update forecasts new global renewable power capacity additions and biofuel demand for 2023 and 2024. It also discusses key uncertainties and policy-related implications that may affect projections for 2024 and beyond.
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  • 99
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.298
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22% and directly concerned 7% of dependent employees. The assessment is based on an individual-level analysis that follows the outcomes of workers that were employed in the year before the reform over time. Among directly affected workers, the hike in the minimum wage increased full-time equivalent monthly earnings by on average 5.8% and reduced employment by -0.6%. The wage effects are stronger for workers on open-ended contracts, while the employment effects are stronger for workers on fixed-term contracts.
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  • 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/03
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Trade in value added (TiVA) indicators are increasingly used to monitor countries' integration into global supply chains. However, they are published with a significant lag - often two or three years - which reduces their relevance for monitoring recent economic developments. This paper aims to provide more timely insights into the international fragmentation of production by exploring new ways of nowcasting five TiVA indicators for the years 2021 and 2022 covering a panel of 41 economies at the economy-wide level and for 24 industry sectors. The analysis relies on a range of models, including Gradient boosted trees (GBM), and other machine-learning techniques, in a panel setting, uses a wide range of explanatory variables capturing domestic business cycles and global economic developments and corrects for publication lags to produce nowcasts in quasi-real time conditions. Resulting nowcasting algorithms significantly improve compared to the benchmark model and exhibit relatively low prediction errors at a one- and two-year horizon, although model performance varies across countries and sectors.
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