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  • Undetermined  (445)
  • Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (445)
  • Stuttgart : Kohlhammer
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : KIT Scientific Publishing
  • Medicine  (384)
  • Computer science  (62)
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Language
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783036598437 , 9783036598444
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn&rsquo ; s disease ; inflammatory bowel disease ; infliximab ; adalimumab ; certolizumab pegol ; golimumab ; vedolizumab ; ustekinumab ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; immunogenicity ; rheumatoid arthritis ; ankylosing spondylitis ; psoriasis ; clearance ; model informed precision dosing
    Abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has emerged as a useful tool for optimizing biological treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Reactive TDM has rationalized the management of primary non-response and secondary loss of response to biologics, while cumulative evidence suggests that proactive TDM is efficacious for optimizing anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with IBD. Proactive TDM can be very useful for optimizing biological therapy in specific IBD populations, such as pregnant women as well as patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease and acute severe ulcerative colitis who are characterized by high drug clearance. Preliminary data suggest that proactive TDM may also have a role in de-escalating anti-TNF therapy in patients in clinical remission including stopping the immunomodulator when combined with anti-TNF therapy. However, several knowledge gaps and limitations hinder the wide implementation of TDM in clinical practice, including the optimal drug concentration to target the lag time between sampling and results and the lack of harmonization of TDM assays. Recent advances regarding the role of TDM include the use of rapid point-of-care assays and the incorporation of model-informed precision dosing. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the clinical utility of TDM and discuss the barriers and recent advances of TDM of biologics in IBD and other IMID
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036598642 , 9783036598635
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; cell autofluorescence ; immune cells ; NADH ; FAD ; flow cytometry ; multiphoton microscopy ; colitis ; colitis-associated cancer ; inflammatory bowel disease ; colorectal cancer ; colon adenocarcinoma ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn’s disease ; cDNA microarray ; transciptomics analysis ; microarray ; inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) ; vasculature ; angiogenesis ; gut vascular barrier ; vessel permeability ; epithelial barrier ; homeostasis ; acetylcholine ; muscarinic receptor ; non-neuronal acetylcholine ; mucosal wound healing ; ferroptosis ; leaky gut ; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ; triple-culture ; Caco-2 ; HT29-MTX-E12 ; THP-1 ; monocyte-derived macrophage ; inflammation ; TEER ; FITC-dextran 4 kDa (FD4) ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; HIF-1α ; PHD2 ; AKT ; intestinal epithelial cells ; probiotics ; LPS ; antigen-specific T-cells ; celiac disease ; gliadin ; IBD ; food antigens ; intestinal Behcet’s disease ; immune mechanism ; biological agents ; claudin ; tight junctions ; barrier function ; gut ; ZO-1 ; actin ; cell migration ; cell division ; colon cancer ; PMNs ; LDs ; FOXO3 ; n/a
    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic idiopathic relapsing and remitting gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders of complex etiology, posing clinical challenges due to their often therapy-refractory nature. The primary disorders within the IBD classification are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), sharing similarities but exhibiting distinct differences, sometimes making their discrimination challenging.A prominent feature of IBD is the inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, characterized by the robust and persistent infiltration of immune cells and compromised intestinal barrier integrity, leading to a phenomenon known as “leaky gut.” Inflammation can manifest acutely or chronically, known as relapsing, and can increase in severity over time, thereby causing life-long morbidities and reduced quality of life for affected individuals, underscoring the need for a deeper comprehension of the molecular contributors to disease pathogenesis and progression
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596679 , 9783036596662
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Latinx ; family ; meaning ; communication ; coping with advanced cancer ; delirium ; liaison nurse ; misrecognition of delirium ; coordination ; breast cancer ; psychological distress ; quality of life ; women’s health ; qualitative study ; cancer care ; older adults ; mental health ; feeling safe ; home-dwelling ; patients with terminal cancer ; caregivers ; competency in anticipatory grief counseling ; emotional care ; person-centered care ; qualitative research ; anxiety ; depression ; family involvement ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; palliative care ; cancer ; decision-making ; nurse ; caregiving self-efficacy ; family caregiver ; oral cancer ; oncology ; nursing ; clinical nurse specialists ; cancer patients ; expanding nurses’ authority ; professionalization ; policy ; education
    Abstract: This collection of articles provides insight into the mental health and nursing care of individuals who are confronting a life-threatening illness. As individuals face a cancer diagnosis, there will be many challenges and changes in their lives. Emotional distress can emerge to greater and lesser degrees. Frequently, these individuals will require additional assistance to cope with the emotional distress they experience. Nurses have an important role in assessing this emotional distress and providing relevant interventions
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036597942 , 9783036597959
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; equine asthma ; exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage ; racehorse respiratory medicine ; donkey cardiology
    Abstract: Recent years have seen growing interest in equine lung and heart health, and advances in technology and a focus on equine welfare have driven this research. This Special Issue explores novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including imaging techniques and lung function testing, immunological features, and immunomodulatory treatments for equine asthma and common racehorse respiratory issues. Moreover, it reports on novel echocardiography data of donkeys. This collection offers valuable insights into equine cardio-respiratory medicine
    Note: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783036593098 , 9783036593081
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: The relationship between individuality and aggregation is an important topic in Complex Systems Science, as both aspects are facets of emergence. This problem has generally been addressed by adopting a classical individual- versus population-level approach, in which boundaries emerge in segregated communities. More specifically, boundaries delimiting and interconnecting aggregates are at play. It is, therefore, crucial to define the properties of complex systems correctly, such as generic agent-based models, with which to simulate communities situated in grid- and scale-free network environments. To do this, complexities may be resolved through simulation, modeling and analysis techniques, which help provide confidence regarding the behavior of such systems, especially of those operating in dynamic environments or under unexpected constraints. Moreover, modeling and simulation help reduce the risks and costs involved in the design and development of validation tests
    Note: English
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783036592442 , 9783036592459
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The growing improvement of medical sciences in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck oncological diseases has produced a significant increase in the life expectancy of affected patients. it is therefore necessary to direct new energies towards understanding and protecting the quality of life of cancer patients. This reprint presents the fruit of the research protocols of numerous groups around the world on the topics of life expectancy and quality of life of patients suffering from head and neck cancer
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036587974 , 9783036587967
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the last few years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies
    Note: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036587790 , 9783036587783
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue dives into the evolving realm of sports science by exploring innovative methods to enhance athletes' motor skills and performance. It showcases research studies aiming to discover validated strategies, cutting-edge approaches, and the intricate interplay of factors that shape athletic excellence. From training methodologies to technological advancements, this collection of empirical investigations and reviews offers valuable insights for both trainers and scientists. We invite readers to join us in uncovering the science behind peak athletic achievement
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589657 , 9783036589640
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by airflow limitation and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Although several guidelines have been published over the past three decades, they were generated in response to the fact that COPD is a major cause of mortality and morbidity and remains an important social problem. In the 20th century, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was the single most important measure in patients with COPD from discriminative, evaluative, and predictive standpoints. We found that dyspnea is a better mortality predictor than FEV1 in 2002 and exercise capacity in 2003. Subsequently, it has become apparent that physical activity is more predictive of mortality. Furthermore, we have recently developed the tendency to use the reduction of the future risk of exacerbation as the endpoint of relatively large-scale clinical trials rather than the improvement of FEV1. Many researchers have continued to seek better outcome markers and have also discussed what should be used as primary or secondary endpoints in clinical trials in subjects with COPD. We have undoubtedly made great progress but still have a lot of work to do for the best interests of patients
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592404 , 9783036592411
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: This Special Issue includes 14 contributions, with 2 review contributions and 12 research contributions. The review contributions provide a survey with an overview of the state of the art in detecting and projecting cyber-attack scenarios, and the review of a specific application area, the safety of autonomous haulage systems in the mining environment related to both cybersecurity and communication. 10 research contributions are addressing the area of advanced services for intrusion detection systems: (a) the use of different machine learning models depending on the specific scenarios and datasets; (b) the use of deep learning techniques for the detection of zero-day attacks; (c) a proposal of an integrated scalable framework aimed at efficiently detecting anomalous events on large amounts of unlabeled data logs; (d) a spatiotemporal characterization of cyber-attacks for detecting such attacks; (e) a two-stage intrusion detection system for industrial control networks; (f) a chatbot for detecting online sex offenders, based on an artificial conversational entity (ACE); and (g) an open-source platform for manipulating both streaming and archived network flow data in real time. This Special Issue also contains two protection-related research contributions, including: (a) a countermeasure for on–off web defacement attacks and (b) the evaluation of multi-path routing as a protection feature against network attacks and failures
    Note: English
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591766 , 9783036591773
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: The field of orthopedic trauma has always been a discipline cahacterized by rapid innovation and creative evolution. We see evolution in every facet of orthopedic surgery, ranging from the transformation of the understanding of implant design and biomechanics to the understanding and monitoring of fracture healing and the management of complications. This Reprint includes many articles discussing topics, such as distal radius fractures, hip fractures, osteoarthritis, ankle fractures, acetabular fractures, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036587998 , 9783036587981
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the few last years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591520 , 9783036591537
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (512 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: Smart cities represent a great advance in terms of sustainability, energy efficiency and being able to respond to the needs of enterprises, institutions and inhabitants. In this sense, smart grids contribute to the development of smart cities in the field of electrical energy, including concepts such as renewable energies, distributed generation, energy efficiency and smart homes and automation. In order to be able to implement all the functionalities of smart grids, it is necessary to have real-time information about the different installations. In this sense, IoT plays a fundamental role in developing smart grids. Cloud computing, which integrates the data obtained via smart electrical meters, smart electrical power analyzers and other intelligent metering devices, contributes to the availability of the measured data in real time and provides intelligence to existing electrical networks. Wireless communication networks, especially LPWANs, allow the construction of devices with low energy consumption and high operating autonomy, which can be installed in different locations, even those that are difficult to access. The massive implantation of the electric vehicle implies the construction of charging stations. These stations must use renewable energy sources that contribute to saving fossil fuels, reducing CO2 and increasing the sustainability of electric mobility
    Note: English
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783036590011 , 9783036590004
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: The purpose of this Special Issue is to pay tribute to the significant contributions made by Professor Feng Qi in these fields and to provide some important recent advances in theory, methods, and applications
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589022 , 9783036589039
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: Aortic aneurysm is a multifactorial progressive life-threatening disease. Recent surgical treatment and endovascular repair help to prevent aortic ruptures. However, there are no effective pharmacological treatments to limit aneurysm growth. This Special issue, entitled “Aortic Aneurysms: Vascular Remodeling and Repair", represents a collection of articles from innovative scientists that focuses on the recent advances in diagnostics, pathogenesis and therapies of aneurysms. This reprint includes a systematic review and nine original papers on clinical imaging, prognostic methods, genome-wide screening, novel cell signaling pathways and drug targets. We hope that readers will gain a deeper understanding of this topic and enjoy reading this reprint
    Note: English
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589664 , 9783036589671
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: The reprint “Energy-efficient communication networks and systems” gives insights into the range of problems in the field of obtaining more energy-efficient communication networks and systems. The reprint contains the outcomes of the “Special Issue on energy-efficient communication networks and systems” organized for the Sensors journal published by the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). The 12 high-quality papers published in the frame of the Sensors journal Special Issue have been collected and reproduced in this book, demonstrating significant achievements in the field to which this reprint is dedicated.Published papers consolidated in this reprint are self-contained peer-reviewed scientific works. Among published papers, one paper is editorial, one paper is a review type of paper, and the remaining ten articles are research articles. The papers are authored by 40 authors coming from academia and industry. The published articles target the improvement of energy efficiency in the fields of fiber-wireless, vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure, sensors, satellites, 5G, virtual elements, and cognitive radio networks. The contributions of published papers provide valuable insights into the latest research and technologies for improving the energy efficiency of communication networks and systems.This reprint can serve the readers as a source of information when needed in their industrial, teaching and/or research and development activities since it presents the recent advances in different fields related to improving the energy efficiency of communication networks and systems
    Note: English
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  • 17
    Online Resource
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589565 , 9783036589572
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The primary aim of this reprint is to describe the genomics of splenic lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, Cutaneous lymphomas, plasma cell leukemia, MDS with deletion 5q, mastocytosis, hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CLL with complex karyotype and other rare hematologic cancers
    Note: English
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783036590783 , 9783036590790
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Cardiovascular medicine
    Abstract: Today, interventional treatment and clinical management of cardiac arrhythmias represent a continuous challenge. This is mainly due to the widening of indications for implantable electronic devices and for catheter ablation procedures as well as the continuous improvement of technologies and medical therapies. Despite international guidelines and worldwide consensus updates, evidence gaps persist at all points in the real-world setting. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of advances in the indications, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac rhythm disturbances, with particular interest in the use of innovative techniques and technologies in interventional therapies
    Note: English
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591612 , 9783036591605
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This collection brings together basic and clinical research papers that cover different topics in audiology but have one thing in common: the translational approach. The research in this collection demonstrates how exciting and interesting translational audiology can be. This collection aims to stimulate interest and encourage more studies of this type
    Note: English
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036593661 , 9783036593678
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (462 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: There are a variety of anesthetic management options during surgery, and these are constantly evolving. Both innovative and confirmatory research are important if the scientific community aims to develop and improve people’s quality of care. This reprint introduces new avenues and covers questions regarding innovative anesthetic techniques and unmet needs after surgery, paving the way for future improvements. It can be useful for both clinicians and clinical researchers, especially in light of the expansion of concepts like personalized care
    Note: English
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  • 21
    Online Resource
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577708 , 9783036577715
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Studies on global human genomic variation have shown important population-based differences in allele frequencies of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence the expression of genes related to nutrition and, secondarily, chronic disease. Some SNP sites have known functions or associations with diseases or other phenotype characteristics, including nutritional deficiencies and metabolism dietary components. There are many components of human diets that, when combined with the impact of diverse genetics on the metabolism of certain nutrients, have the capacity to give rise to harmful diet–gene interactions. This situation has the potential capacity to modify molecular phenotypes and clinical phenotypes, including human disease. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronobiology, osteoporosis, cancer, and many other diseases are fields of potential investigation in this topic area. This Special Issue will include manuscripts that focus on the complex relationship between gene polymorphisms and nutrition across all physiological and chronic diseases
    Note: English
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  • 22
    Online Resource
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589404 , 9783036589411
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: Gastroenterology and hepatology are fields of research that have improved considerably in recent years in terms of clinical approach, diagnosis, and therapy. However, there is still much to be clarified and explored, and many questions remain unanswered. Therefore, basic research, including translational and clinical discoveries, supported by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence, will enable further steps toward better, more refined treatments for many digestive diseases. The challenge of modern medicine will therefore be to connect these two fields to ensure optimal patient management. Further innovations will help clinicians to improve clinical practice, establish new guidelines, and provide personalized treatment based on patient characteristics. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent advances and future challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology
    Note: English
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9783036592763 , 9783036592770
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), usually accompanied by cardiovascular disease and neoplasias, are now prevailed worldwide. The limited efficacy of current therapeutics and a proportion of non-responders are linked to missing aspects in their pathophysiology at the molecular and cellular levels. High-throughput single- and multi-omics approaches and their combinations are expected to pinpoint the key players underlying IMIDs’ establishment and/or progression, thus suggesting potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. This Reprint gathered 13 papers presenting recent relevant data related to the assessment of CVD risk in RA, tailored therapeutics in RA-interstitial lung disease, IgG4-related RA, and Sjögren’s syndrome, enabling early identification of PsA and improving outcomes in patients’ with psoriasis. Also, novel non-invasive biomarkers for endoscopic activity and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis, IBD, and cell-death-associated inflammatory syndromes are proposed. Moreover, a certain subset of telocytes is suggested as the pilot governor of epithelial behavior in preneoplastic gastric lesions, a newer member of IL-1 family, as it is a critical partner in lung adenocarcinoma, while distinct transcriptomic signatures and pathway profiles in human melanocytes corresponding to different Staphylococcal superantigenic enterotoxins are possible targets for therapeutic intervention in cases of toxic shocks. Lastly, Tregs- and dendritic cell-based IMID biomarkers are recommended to enable at more efficient, personalized, and precise treatment strategies
    Note: English
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  • 24
    Online Resource
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591100 , 9783036591117
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Vestibular medicine relates to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with dizziness and vertigo. In all these fields, there has been an enormous increase in research during recent years. This edition includes a discussion on the epidemiology of dizziness, the role of genetics in the development of vestibulopathy, diagnostic approaches, and interventions for patients with dizziness and vertigo: medical treatment, surgery, and vestibular rehabilitation
    Note: English
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  • 25
    Online Resource
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036590592 , 9783036590585
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: This reprint contains 15 articles from the Special Issue of the MDPI journal Processes on "Machine Learning-Assisted Intelligent Processing and Optimization of Complex Systems". These articles focus on the most recent developments in intelligent optimization methods and their applications in various test cases. The reprint covers various topics, including distributed multiagent modeling, metaheuristic algorithms, multisource data fusion, mobile computing and mobile sensing, machine learning-based intelligent processing for modeling complex manufacturing systems, and data-driven intelligent modeling.Focusing on the abovementioned subjects, this reprint can be useful for researchers interested in intelligent optimization techniques and their applications in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning. We believe that this reprint will encourage the convergence between many communities
    Note: English
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  • 26
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591940 , 9783036591957
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Nurses represent the highest number of healthcare workers globally and have played a critical role in the COVID-19 pandemic. This reprint highlights the issues and challenges faced by nurses practicing in hospital and community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The manuscripts herein focus on nurses in various areas of practice, including nurse managers, highlighting the impact, experience, and reality of providing care during the crisis. Interventions and strategies to support practice environments and the mental health and wellbeing of the nursing workforce were identified. Evidence from these manuscripts shed light on how nurse leaders can provide relevant, coordinated, and consistent organizational and leadership support to better establish a safe and healthy work environment that protects and fosters the mental health and wellbeing of all nursing personnel. The pandemic exacerbated the already demanding quality of work environments for nurses, as well as their mental health and wellbeing, thereby inducing a global nursing shortage; therefore, improving these factors, which ultimately influence nurse retention, is critical. We trust that sharing the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic can enable us to leverage their expertise in meeting the complex care needs of patients, including COVID-19 patients, while improving the care needed by nurses in their working environments, alongside preparing for future pandemic waves
    Note: English
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  • 27
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591667 , 9783036591674
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: Bioactive metabolites from marine-derived fungi are known to be an important source of drug discoveries. Natural product scientists have explored various environments, such as the deep ocean and polar regions, as well as marine mangrove ecosystems, to discover unique fungi strains which could produce new bioactive structures. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the diversity of fungi derived from different marine environments, as well as their potential as producers of bioactive marine natural products. Innovative scientific results, as well as approaches and methodologies applied in marine natural product discovery areas, are encouraged. Studies on the biosynthesis and bioactivities of marine natural products are also welcome. For this Special Issue, we invited academic and industry scientists to submit reviews and original and conceptual research articles highlighting diversified marine fungi as a source of bioactive natural products
    Note: English
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  • 28
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592480 , 9783036592497
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: As Guest Editors, we are very delighted to see the reprint of our Special Issue, “Head and Neck Surgery: Clinical Updates and Perspectives", which is published in the Otolaryngology section of the Journal of Clinical Medicine. These papers are the joint effort of many excellent colleagues who have devoted their lives and careers to the exciting field of Otorhinolaryngology. As both clinicians and surgeons, we are actively advancing the diagnosis and management of the myriad of conditions affecting the head and neck region. Unprecedented discoveries in the field of genetics and molecular biology are always integrated with sound knowledge of the intricate anatomy of our discipline, while technological advancements now permit us to provide tailored and minimally invasive treatments for our patients. We wish to thank all the authors who contributed to this publication and we hope you enjoy reading it
    Note: English
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  • 29
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592008 , 9783036592015
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (628 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: Numerical analysis and computer simulations are becoming increasingly important in modeling of new sources and methods of harvesting, transforming and storing energy from its renewable sources. A similar trend is also observed in relation to environmental impacts on people and the buildings in which they use to live or stay, as well as the impact of everyday devices, machines and industrial installations on the quality of air and drinking water. This collection provides an overview of contemporary methods, algorithms and results in this broad and important field of human knowledge. Particularly noteworthy here are works in the area of machine learning and artificial intelligence, where the progress of computer methods and the interest of researchers from many fields seem to be the greatest. The use of statistical and stochastic algorithms that make it possible to take into account the impact of wind, humidity, moisture, temperature and sunlight on the immediate human environment remains still a great challenge
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9783036590981 , 9783036590998
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: At present, data is constantly generated across various industries, including the internet. New technologies have emerged to trace data origins and assess their potential for collection, quantification, decoding, and analysis. Big data, signals, and images are of particular importance due to the wealth of domain-specific information they hold. These data play a critical role in addressing issues like national security, cybersecurity, marketing, medical informatics, and fraud detection. Deep learning techniques have gained immense popularity. They empower the analysis and understanding of vast amounts of unsupervised data, making them invaluable for processing when raw data lack categorization and labels. These applications extend to working with medical images and signal processing for wellness devices, remote monitoring, and neural devices. In industrial settings, data can be used for early warning systems in assembly lines, while massive datasets can be derived from electronic health records and hospital information systems, for example. This reprint is dedicated to exploring the application of deep learning in tackling significant challenges related to big data, images, and signals. It seeks to unravel the potential of these cutting-edge technologies in addressing complex real-world problems across diverse sectors
    Note: English
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  • 31
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036590868 , 9783036590875
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Marine Fungi” gathered ten publications, including two reviews and eight research articles, about marine fungi, ranging from the isolation and structure elucidation of new natural products to the biosynthetic pathways of marine fungal metabolites
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9783036593647 , 9783036593654
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (378 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: Computer Vision (CV) have seen a massive rise in popularity in the remote sensing field over the last few years. This success is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. However, remote sensing data acquisition and annotation, as well as information extraction from massive remote sensing data, are still challenging. This reprint collected novel developments in the field of deep learning and computer vision methods for remote sensing. Papers dealing with fundamental theoretical analyses, as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems, have been published. With practical examples and real-world case studies, this reprint provides a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and students seeking to harness the power of deep learning in the field of remote sensing. Here are some major topics that are addressed in this reprint: Satellite image processing and analysis based on deep learning; Deep learning for object detection, image classification, and semantic and instance segmentation; Deep learning for remote sensing scene understanding and classification; Transfer learning, deep reinforcement learning for remote sensing; Supervised and unsupervised representation learning for remote sensing environments
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783036567747 , 9783036567754
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on ecosystem observation, simulation and assessment. Ecosystems provide supply, regulation, culture and support services for human beings in addition to overall support human survival and sustainable development. However, driven by multiple factors such as climate change, population growth, urbanization, and exploitation of mineral resources, global problems such as ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss have affected the sustainable development of human beings. Because of this, it has become a hot spot in ecology research to develop basic theories, model methods and technical means for ecosystem observation, simulation and evaluation for the quantitative analysis of the structure, process and function of ecosystems as well as the improvement of the scientific understanding of the changing characteristics and evolution laws of natural ecosystems
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  • 34
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565545 , 9783036565552
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (322 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: Robotics and intelligent systems are key technologies to promote efficient and innovative applications in the most diverse domains (industry, healthcare, agriculture, construction, mobility, etc.), performing and supporting activities that are not suitable to be performed by humans. Such activities are frequently time-consuming, repetitive tasks with low added value, which are physically demanding and/or dangerous. Nevertheless, robotics and intelligent systems face several scientific and technological challenges related to their integration and interoperability with other systems, safety, flexibility, re-configurability and autonomy. These challenges are especially relevant when robots operate in real unstructured environments and share a workspace with humans and other equipment. This reprint collects research achievements, ideas, and applications regarding advanced intelligent robotic systems, covering diverse technologies and application domains. Generically, the contributions cover optimal path-planning strategies and innovative designs for mobile manipulators, the integration of robotic and intelligent systems, grasping, manipulation, teleoperation, haptics, user experience approaches for collaborative robots, and multi-agent systems
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  • 35
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567013 , 9783036567006
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Epidemiology & medical statistics
    Abstract: Constant striving to reduce pollutant emissions, greenhouse gases and energy consumption, i.e., sustainable development, forces the development of new and improved materials, technologies and manufacturing processes. One of the areas of sustainable development of the global economy is also the development of laser devices and the spreading of laser technology applications.The book deals with important issues related to the development of science and technology in the field of application the laser beam for joining, surface treatment, coatings. However, the thematic scope is not limited only to mentioned issues. The scope of the book covers issues related to advances in computational modelling of heat sources in laser and arc processes, unique techniques of underwater welding or unique techniques of forced cooling the weld metal under solidification during arc welding or hybrid process of laser deposition under cryogenic conditions, microstructural and mechanical characterisation of coatings and joints produced by different welding technologies. The above book contains valuable information, both theoretical and practical research results in the field of advanced technologies of joining, surface treatment and coatings, quality control and assessment, as well as management of the technological processes. Therefore, I deeply believe that the book will be a valuable and helpful for young scientists, engineers, and students in the field of welding and surface engineering, materials science, and manufacturing engineering
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783036568706 , 9783036568713
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) all over the world, as well as its impact on the economy, environment, and health, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems. This book presents a total of 20 published articles of regions including Southeast Asia, South America, and South Africa, as well as a general overview of ASGM issues. Studies included in this book posit that (1) ASGM activity is still widely practiced as an alternative livelihood in rural areas in many countries around the world, using toxic elements such as Hg and cyanide due to a lack of legal enforcement on the ASGM sector; (2) ASGM has a negative impact on environmental ecosystems, causes occupational health problems for miners, and causes chronic health disorders in both ASGM communities and those living far from ASGM areas. However, some studies propose that specific potential bioindicators could be used to monitor the environment and health of those living in ASGM communities, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9783036559810 , 9783036559827
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the application of ventilation and indoor air quality (IAQ) in different settings, and is centred around different indoor environments and policymaking issues. It also explores how issues around health, IAQ and ventilation have evolved through the COVID-19 crisis. In connection with the growing need to determine and assess IAQ, new research seeks to test and investigate new methodologies based on research topics which include an increasing number of harmful substances and test methods. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality ultimately aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive range of case studies, seeking to solve ventilation and IAQ issues from different perspectives. It presents 19 chapters related to regulations, homes, modelling, field studies, and technology related to ventilation and IAQ. Overall, this reprint provides state-of-the-art analysis and reviews so that readers with any level of prior knowledge of ventilation and IAQ are introduced to the latest research on these issues. This reprint was written to inspire and stimulate the development of further multidisciplinary research on IAQ issues
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  • 38
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566030 , 9783036566023
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Environmental quality is crucial to our health, economy, lives, and for future generations. However, during the last few years, we have faced several serious challenges, which include, but are not limited to, climate change, unsustainable consumption and production, as well as various forms of pollution. These challenges are of global concerns for the sustainable development of human beings. This reprint has collected review and research papers aimed at a wide range of environmental topics: water and wastewater treatment and management, soil degradation and conservation, pollution control, the environmental impact of technologies, air quality and the indoor environment, and advanced environmental materials. Analytical methods developed for the determination of environmental pollutants were also welcomed. Papers dealing in the synthesis of adsorbents for the solid-phase extraction of environmental pollutants also fell within the scope of this Special Issue. Contributions describing novel and significant knowledge, scientific results, and advanced applications in the field of environmental sciences and technology were also welcomed. This reprint provides an integrated view of the trends in solving the problems associated with the achievement of sustainability in environmental technology
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  • 39
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565293 , 9783036565309
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Non-destructive testing and evaluation are commonly referred to as the vast group of analysis techniques used in civil, medical, and industrial sectors to evaluate the properties of materials, tissues, components, or structures, without causing any damage. Automation offers many benefits for non-destructive testing to cope with increasing demands, including improved reliability and higher inspection speeds. Additionally, robots enable inspections in locations that are not easily accessible to human operators and allow for humans to be removed from potentially dangerous environments. However, the perceived complexity and high costs have limited the adoption of automation. As a result, the full potential that could be derived from the seamless integration of robotic platforms with sensors, actuators, and software has not been fully explored; it could still revolutionise the way that automated inspections are performed and conceived. The recent advancements in electronics, robotics, sensor technology and software pave the way for new developments in automated testing and data-driven autonomous robotic inspections in several sectors. This Special Issue aimed to attract the latest research outcomes in the field of robotic sensing. Five papers relate to inspection systems based on robotic fixed-base manipulators, three of which are associated with in-process inspection in manufacturing applications (robotic wire-arc welding and additive manufacturing). Four papers report research advancements in mobile robotic-enabled sensing
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9783036566610 , 9783036566603
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Authenticity and traceability are crucial in order to overcome frauds in the international food trade. Control measures are perceived as the greatest vulnerability in the food supply chain. In order to decrease contribution to the overall perceived fraud vulnerability, analytical approaches and chemometrics are usually employed
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  • 41
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566979 , 9783036566962
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Arthropod disease vectors transmit not only serious diseases, such as malaria, but many other diseases as well, many of which are neglected to various extents. In most cases, a tripartite interaction is involved between the arthropod disease vector, the vertebrate host, and the vector-borne pathogens. The reprint aims to present a selection of the latest data (and up to date information in the case of reviews) about the molecular and biochemical events that mediate this tripartite interaction with emphasis on ticks and mosquitoes
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  • 42
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567488 , 9783036567495
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Mental health services
    Abstract: Dry pasta is one of the most popular staple foods worldwide due to its convenience in terms of affordability, versatility, long shelf life, as well as sensory and nutritional value. As such, it represents a suitable carrier for health-promoting substances providing specific physiological functions. This Special Issue deals with the continuum aspects, “from seed to fork”, that could have an impact on the nutritional, sensory, and technological aspects of pasta. In this Special Issue, we aimed to publish innovative research and review papers on physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics, nutritional value, functional and technological properties of pasta, and pasta-making processes. New raw materials, new functional ingredients, up-cycling of waste materials, in vivo experiments to test the effect of assumption of the supplemented pasta, and innovative packaging systems will also be addressed in this Special Issue. Predictions of pasta quality adopting chemometrics as well as multi-variate and statistical data analysis approaches were welcomed. Finally, in the medium term, the international pasta market is expected to stay negative unless tangible product innovations are introduced, particularly regarding the technological innovations aimed at improving the products’ health benefits. This Special Issue aimed to provide a fundamental understanding and present the current strategies to improve the technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of pasta
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  • 43
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568058 , 9783036568041
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Energy systems have played an essential role in the history of human civilization. As our civilization evolves, energy systems are expected to adapt to the environment and desire of people for more sustainable development whilst meeting the ever-increasing energy demand of society. To address global warming and its threats to sustainable development to multiple ends, major economies around the world have announced low-carbon, carbon-neutral, or negative-carbon development targets. To meet these goals, the energy systems as we know them today need to undergo substantial structural changes in terms of the way primary energy is extracted from nature, converted to secondary energy, transmitted from conversion sites to end use, and shifted between time slots to coordinate supply and demand. The share of renewable and fossil energy in the overall energy portfolio could experience unprecedented structural change of a kind not witnessed since industrialization. To cope with this harsh transition, energy systems should be planned, designed, retrofitted, and operated in a revolutionary manner.This reprint aims to present the most recent advances in energy systems analysis towards low/zero/negative carbon emission targets via integration amongst different primary energy supplies, between multiple energy supplies and demands, across geographically separated regions, and over different time scales from seconds to seasons
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9783036564852 , 9783036564869
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The present reprint contains all of the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue "Probability and Stochastic Processes with Applications to Communications, Systems and Networks" from the MDPI Mathematics journal. This Special Issue is devoted to probability, statistics, stochastic processes and their different applications in system and network analysis. The Special Issue includes works related to the analysis and applications of different queuing models, which begin with general approaches in modeling queuing systems and networks; an analysis of probabilistic and statistical methods in telecommunication; an asymptotic analysis of queuing networks in the condition of a large load; general complex networks and their structures, e.g., topology and graph theory; mathematical methods and models in smart cities; exclusive statistical methods, such as statistical estimates in bio/ecology, medicine and neural networks; and studies that estimate parameters in complex technical systems, etc. We hope that the scientific results collected in this reprint will help foster future research related to probability, stochastic processes and their applications
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  • 45
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565897 , 9783036565880
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: The current reprint presents studies of uncertain variational problems. It aims to develop the research in this field by formulating and demonstrating some characterization results of well-posedness and robust efficient solutions in new classes of (multiobjective) variational (control) problems governed by multiple and/or path-independent curvilinear integral cost functionals and robust mixed and/or isoperimetric constraints involving first- and second-order partial differential equations
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  • 46
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567709 , 9783036567716
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint is excellent proof that, despite more than a hundred years of research into hydrogen bonds, they are still an interesting and fundamental topic in the natural sciences. The collected articles deal with various aspects of the existence of hydrogen bonds and show human ingenuity in the field of inventing and applying various techniques, both experimental and theoretical, in order to describe them more fully
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  • 47
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567143 , 9783036567150
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: This reprint aims to disseminate the latest research achievements, findings, and ideas in the robotics field, with particular focus on the Italian scenario. It covers a range of topics related to the theory, design, practice, and applications of robots, such as robot design and kinematics, dynamics of robots and multi-body systems, linkages and manipulators, control of robotic systems, trajectory planning and optimization, innovative robots and applications, industrial robotics, collaborative robotics, medical robotics, assistive robotics, and service robotics. The reprints contributions include (but are not limited to) revised and substantially extended versions of selected papers that were presented at the 2nd International Conference of IFToMM, Italy (IFIT 2018)
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  • 48
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569130 , 9783036569123
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: This Special Issue highlights the last decade’s progress regarding new nanostructured materials. In this regard, the development of nanoscale syntheses and innovative characterization tools resulted in the tailored design of nanostructured materials with versatile abilities in many applications were investigated. Various types of engineered nanostructures, usually metal nanoparticles or nanoporous metal oxides, have been synthesized for various applications. This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art of advanced nanoparticles in many disciplines (chemistry, pharmacy, nano-medicine, agriculture, catalysis, and environmental science). The Special Issue entitled, Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials, including 18 original research works, focuses on highlighting the progress, challenges, and future directions in the area of the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures with multiple applications in chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine [1-3]
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  • 49
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567679 , 9783036567662
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Radioactive Pollution and Biological Effects of Radioactivity“of the Journal Life involved the participation of academic scientists, researchers, and scholars from all over the World that contributed with articles, reviews, and case reports, based on high-quality research works.The common topic of the published works concerns the radioactive pollution, which occurs when radioactive elements enter the atmosphere and reach the Earth’s surface, within solids, liquids, or gases, including the human body. This happens after natural and/or man-made activities, such as nuclear tests, industrial waste (e.g., radiodiagnostics), and excesses of naturally occurring radioactive sources. This kind of pollution entails risks of radiological contamination of the environment, with harmful effects on human health caused by the ionizing radiation. This theme has become even more current due to the increasing use of ionizing radiation for domestic, industrial, and medical purposes during the last century. Radiological monitoring is a primary objective of radiation protection in order to estimate and understand the impact of radionuclides on the environment and to assess the health risk for the population.The aim of the Special Issue has been to provide an interdisciplinary platform for researchers to exchange and share their experiences and latest achievements on all aspects of radioactive pollution. Survey data analysis, original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, and theoretical work were welcome, as well as other concepts related to the radiation field
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  • 50
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567938 , 9783036567921
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (426 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing need for both nutritional and healthy foods with superior functional properties. In this line, bioactive compounds are economically available in different foods systems with limitations in quality and functionality.The present Special Issue is placed in this context, and aimed to provide a collection of modern chemical strategies developed with the intent of extracting, characterizing, tracing, or authenticating food bioactive compounds. Original research articles dealing with innovative techniques for the extraction (e.g., green chemistry) of bioactive compounds were welcomed. In addition, when discussing modern analytical methods, the structural characterization and identification of these active components were required. Attention was also devoted to theoretical aspects of the determination of the bioactivity and mechanisms of action of food bioactive compounds, as well as challenging properties for application as drug agents. Review articles providing an overview of the latest trends in this area of interest were also very welcomed
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  • 51
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563480 , 9783036563497
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: Many heterogeneous causes (e.g., metabolic, inflammatory, autoimmune, vascular, and renal diseases, and even drugs), collectively grouped as secondary causes of osteoporosis, may lead to bone loss or damage to architecture through a number of mechanisms. Although these secondary causes of osteoporosis are the most frequently observed causes of unexpected bone loss, they can only be diagnosed via a high degree of suspicion and clinical experience and by performing the appropriate investigations. In inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as vascular diseases, T-cell activation, and consequently pro-inflammatory cascades, trigger the increased expression of T-cell-derived RANKL. In addition, a new biomarker signature of bone-related miRNAs is promising in certain clinical features. Glucocorticoids, often used to control disease activity, decrease the number and function of osteoblasts and inhibit OPG expression. The ubiquitous occurrence of disease-related secondary changes in bone metabolism implies that numerous medical disciplines need to interact. Screening for secondary causes of osteoporosis and the search for new modes of action should present a substantial aspect of osteoporosis management. In the book, the current management of osteoporosis and related metabolic bone diseases is discussed
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  • 52
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564043 , 9783036564050
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: This reprint aims to promote and disseminate applied research in the field of corrosion of steel structures and technological equipment. Within the text, the focus is firmly placed on the detailed study of corrosion processes affected by specific environments, as well as on the effects of corrosion damage on the reliability and service life of structural components and technological equipment. Special attention is paid to the study of the impact of corrosion processes on pipelines
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9783036566146 , 9783036566153
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: When adopting remote sensing techniques in precision agriculture, there are two main areas to consider: data acquisition and data analysis methodologies. Imagery and remote sensor data collected using different platforms provide a variety of information volumes and formats. For example, recent research in precision agriculture has used multispectral images from different platforms, such as satellites, airborne, and, most recently, drones. These images have been used for various analyses, from the detection of pests and diseases, growth, and water status of crops to yield estimations. However, accurately detecting specific biotic or abiotic stresses requires a narrow range of spectral information to be analyzed for each application. In data analysis, the volume and complexity of data formats obtained using the latest technologies in remote sensing (e.g., a cube of data for hyperspectral imagery) demands complex data processing systems and data analysis using multiple inputs to estimate specific categorical or numerical targets. New and emerging methodologies within artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and deep learning, have enabled us to deal with these increasing data volumes and the analysis complexity
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  • 54
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566429 , 9783036566436
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM
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  • 55
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568119 , 9783036568102
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Cardiovascular medicine
    Abstract: For centuries, nature has been an inspirational source for the discovery of drugs used in modern medicine. Nowadays, natural-based treatments continue to be employed for primary health care, particularly playing a significant role in folk medicine. In addition, we are currently observing an increasing use of natural-products-based supplements from botanical and marine sources, making their standardization and scientific validation a priority to guarantee the safety of these products. Natural products and/or synthetic derivatives using their novel structures have also been of utmost importance in drug discovery and development in several clinical areas. After a period of discreditation and reduced investment, we are now witnessing a renewed interest from the pharmaceutical industry and scientific community due to the urgent need to develop new drugs. This reprint comprises 11 original and 6 review articles dedicated to plant and marine natural products research, contributing to the scientific validation of their use and opening new perspectives in drug discovery
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9783036567389 , 9783036567396
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world
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  • 57
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565811 , 9783036565804
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint brings together fifteen articles published in the Special Issue of the journal Atmosphere, entitled “High-Performance Computing Serving Atmospheric Transport & Dispersion Modelling”. These articles cover a wide variety of topics related to air quality in urban areas and nature-based solutions to improve it in the context of climate change; impact studies on human health and the environment of facilities and infrastructure projects as well as risk studies; the assessment of emerging threats; and preparations for and responses to emergencies involving toxic, flammable, or explosive atmospheric releases. As the fifteen articles presented here remarkably illustrate, what these contemporary topics have in common is the implementation of multi-scale simulations of atmospheric transport and dispersion by means of physical models of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), whose potential is enhanced by high-performance computing (HPC). This reprint thus addresses the answers provided by modelling and the most advanced simulations to some societal matters of major interest
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9783036564111 , 9783036564104
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, diagnosed after the 20th week of gestation in women experiencing new-onset hypertension along with symptoms affecting the liver, kidneys, or brain. In some cases, women with preeclampsia develop novel seizures or unexplained coma, at which time they are diagnosed with eclampsia. The mechanisms contributing to preeclampsia and eclampsia are not fully elucidated, although the placenta seems to play a critical role. Previous studies suggest that improper placentation stimulates mitochondrial dysfunction and the exaggerated release of placental-derived molecules including inflammatory cytokines, anti-angiogenic factors, reactive oxygen species, and cell-free nucleic acids into the maternal circulation that cause systemic vascular dysfunction. These, along with maternally derived molecules, act in concert, leading to hypertension and target organ damage during pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and eclampsia.In this reprint, we present the original research articles and review papers published as part of the Special Issue: "The Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia" in Cells
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  • 59
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036562636 , 9783036562643
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: Globally, the impact of differentiated thyroid cancers has significantly increased in the last decade, resulting in growth of public health spending. Many international scientific societies are actively involved in the difficult process of building updated guidelines in response to scientific research, especially in the genetic and immunohistochemistry fields. The watch, wait, and see policy has added a new possibility for patients in selected cases. Considering the recognized international interest in this disease, this Special Issue aims to analyze the most recent acquisitions in terms of the diagnosis and therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. It will offer the reader an updated point of view of the most illustrious endocrinology and endocrine-surgery international schools
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  • 60
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563381 , 9783036563398
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neurological syndrome, characteristic of patients with liver disease, that causes a wide and complex spectrum of nonspecific neurological and psychiatric manifestations, ranging from a subclinical entity such as minimal or covert hepatic encephalopathy to a deep form in which a complete alteration of consciousness can be observed: overt hepatic encephalopathy. Both minimal and overt hepatic encephalopathy have a high impact on patients, caregivers, and national health services, driving substantial consumption of economic resources. In this Special Issue, we discussed the current state-of-the-art research, address ongoing knowledge gaps, and ongoing controversies related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of hepatic encephalopathy
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  • 61
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564678 , 9783036564661
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Hyperbaric oxygen is a known therapeutic agent, and treatments using this agent remain a matter of discussion and research. This Special Issue collection will add new knowledge and also offer some not so usual approaches to foster contemporary understanding and potential benefit for patients and scholars
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  • 62
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564470 , 9783036564463
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The majority of newborns do not need medical interventions to manage the neonatal transition after birth. However, every year millions of newborns worldwide require respiratory support immediately after birth, and another considerable number of newborns additionally require extensive resuscitation including chest compressions and drug administration. Despite a significant increase in knowledge and development of enhanced therapy strategies over the past few years, morbidity and mortality caused by failures in neonatal transition remain an important health issue. The purpose of this reprint is to support or introduce novel concepts and add information in the area of the “Stabilization and Resuscitation of Newborns”, aiming to improve neonatal care and, as the major objective, to enhance neuro-developmental outcomes
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9783036562261 , 9783036562254
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: This reprint contains several articles where the molecular mechanisms and structural changes in target proteins on interaction with various viruses and bacteria were studied. In addition, drug-protein interactions, drug–drug interaction mechanisms, anti-Glycating, antioxidant, binding affinity, network pharmacology-driven investigations, and targeted anticancer treatments were also investigated
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  • 64
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564289 , 9783036564296
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: Ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are responsible for Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), are liposoluble toxins produced by microalgae of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. This book presents 18 scientific papers that offer new information and scientific evidence on: (i) CTX occurrence in aquatic environments, with an emphasis on edible aquatic organisms; (ii) analysis methods for the determination of CTXs; (iii) advances in research on CTX-producing organisms; (iv) environmental factors involved in the presence of CTXs; and (v) the assessment of public health risks related to the presence of CTXs, as well as risk management and mitigation strategies
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  • 65
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036562698 , 9783036562704
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: Researchers have made great progress in the mechanism of mycotoxins biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and the construction of detection methods. This collection holds fundamental and applied research on pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins in China, which directly or indirectly affect the health of plants, animals, and humans. Some papers mainly study the mechanism of mycotoxin biosynthesis, including the crucial genes, environmental factors, and regulation mechanisms, which is beneficial to advancing our knowledge of this area. Some papers focus on the toxicity of mycotoxins, which is helpful to the detoxification of mycotoxins and the reduction of the hazardous effect of mycotoxins. Special attention is given to the leading detection methods, especially on-site rapid detection. These effective and feasible methods are important for discovering and controlling the risk of mycotoxins
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  • 66
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561943 , 9783036561936
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: The rapid expansion of aquaculture around the world is increasingly being impacted by toxins produced by harmful marine microalgae, which threaten the safety of seafood. In addition, ocean climate change is leading to changing patterns in the distribution of toxic dinoflagellates and diatoms which produce these toxins. New approaches are being developed to monitor for harmful species and the toxins they produce. This Special Issue covers pioneering research on harmful marine microalgae and their toxins, including the identification of species and toxins; the development of new chemical and biological techniques to identify and monitor species and toxins; the uptake of marine biotoxins in seafood and marine ecosystems; and the distribution and abundance of toxins, particularly in relation to climate change
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  • 67
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564173 , 9783036564166
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (496 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: Advanced Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery is a reprint with a summary editorial, followed by 16 chapters that cover five areas of brain drug delivery, including receptor-mediated transport (RMT), carrier-mediated transport (CMT), active efflux transport (AET), Trojan horse lipid nanoparticles (LNP), and in vivo methods for measurement of drug transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9783036563503 , 9783036563510
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: The objective of this collection is to illustrate the most recent research on the development of novel and/or rapid methods for mycotoxin determination, and to propose new strategies for monitoring and/or reducing mycotoxin contamination. Innovative sample preparation techniques or protocols and the possibility of multiclass mycotoxin detection will be very positively considered for possible inclusion in this Special Issue. Both methods based on (bio)sensors and chromatography with various detectors (including mass spectrometry) are welcome. Applications of already published methods on new matrices without any modification will not be accepted. However, extensive studies and monitoring on the spread of contamination through the food production chain could be of interest for this collection
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  • 69
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568522 , 9783036568539
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Epidemiology & medical statistics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on field studies aimed at unraveling the complex networks created by interactions between parasites and hosts in a given ecosystem. Since most transboundary diseases have been propagated from the wilderness to anthropized areas, societies are increasingly concerned about the relevance of wildlife as it pertains to global health. In this respect, research on parasites that may affect the biology and population equilibrium of wildlife is of major interest, especially when a One Health perspective is considered. The studies compiled in the present Special Issue fall within several areas of interest, such as epidemiology, diagnosis, emerging zoonoses, food safety, conservation issues, parasite–host interactions, and the pathology of infections caused by parasites in wild host species
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9783036569802 , 9783036569819
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: This volume is a reprint of the Honorary Special Issue dedicated to the 60th birthday of Professor Dr. Kalyanmoy Deb, published in the journal Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA). Kalyanmoy Deb has been a pioneer and highly impactful and influential proponent of Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization (EMO) since 1994. He is currently a Koenig Endowed Chair Professor and University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Michigan State University, USA, and holds additional appointments in Mechanical Engineering and in Computer Science and Engineering. Professor Deb’s research interests are in evolutionary optimization and its application in multi-objective optimization, modeling, machine learning, and in multi-objective decision making. He has been a visiting professor at various universities across the world, including IITs in India, Aalto University in Finland, the University of Skovde in Sweden, and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. He was awarded the IEEE Evolutionary Computation Pioneer Award, the Infosys Prize, the TWAS Prize in Engineering Sciences, the CajAstur Mamdani Prize, the Distinguished Alumni Award from IIT Kharagpur, the Edgeworth Pareto Award, the Bhatnagar Prize in Engineering Sciences, and the Bessel Research Award from Germany. He is a fellow of IEEE, ASME, and three Indian science and engineering academies
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  • 71
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570037 , 9783036570020
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Steroids are essential hormones that regulate biological processes across their lifespan. Steroid hormone production and action must be tightly controlled otherwise there can be detrimental effects on physiological function leading to disease. This reprint contains original and review articles by experts at the cutting edge of their fields published in a Special Issue on the “Molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone biosynthesis and action” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The topics include: 1) Steroid hormone biosynthesis, including substrate availability, mechanism of steroidogenic enzyme action, and the impact of mutations; 2) Molecular and cellular regulation of steroidogenesis, including steroidogenic cell response to hormone stimulation, signaling pathways, kinases, transcription factors, and gene expression; 3) Molecular mechanisms of endocrine disruptor action on steroidogenic cells; and 4) New tools and approaches to detect and study steroid hormones
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  • 72
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569987 , 9783036569994
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: The development of in vivo neuroimaging techniques has yielded an incredible amount of digital information about the brain. Neuroimaging techniques are increasingly being used to study human cognitive processes, create brain–machine interfaces, and also to identify and diagnose certain brain disorders. Currently, neuroscientists and medics actively use different methods for brain scans, including electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electrocorticography (ECoG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Recent advances in signal processing and machine learning for neuroimaging data using various signal processing methods have made impressive progress in solving a number of practical tasks in medicine, healthcare, neuroscience, biomedical engineering, brain–machine interfaces, and cognitive science, to name but a few. This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for academic and industrial communities to present and discuss the latest theoretical and experimental results related to recent advances in neuroimaging data processing in terms of new theories, algorithms, architectures, and applications
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9783036566726 , 9783036566733
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (672 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: This reprint covers some significant impacts in the recent research in both the private and public sectors of cancer diagnosis and therapy, in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning are significant. This reprint is also a collection of forty different complex and challenging problems arranged in five groups: AI in prognosis, grading, and prediction, AI in clinical image analysis, AI models for pathological diagnosis, ML and statistical models for molecular cancer diagnostics and genetics, and AI in triage, risk stratification, and screening cancer, which are all focused on using AI in cancer diagnosis and therapy. All the necessary concepts, solutions, methodologies, and references are supplied except for some fundamental knowledge that is well-known in the general fields of AI and cancer diagnosis and therapy. The readers may, therefore, gain the main concepts of each chapter, with as little of a need as possible to refer to the concepts of the other chapters and references. The readers may hence start to read one or more chapters of the book for their own interests
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567693 , 9783036567686
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint is an excellent collection of articles that deal with difficult-to-treat infections in the ICU environment. Multiresistant bacteria and fungi create severe treatment problems to the physician charged with their care. We hope that this book will help everyday dilemmas and add useful information on difficult topics
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  • 75
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567846 , 9783036567853
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Marine Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidants Agents 2.0” collects in vitro and/or in vivo experimental investigations highlighting the role of marine-derived bioactive compounds as modulators of inflammation and/or oxidative stress, papers describing the mechanisms of action and molecular interactions of compounds isolated from marine organisms, and comprehensive review articles summarizing knowledge on marine anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant agents in support of human health
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9783036568829 , 9783036568836
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint represents a collection of papers that aimed to highlight the importance of immunohistochemical findings and their role in improving the understanding of organ tissue functions. We focused our attention on farm animals because they represent not only a source of food in the supply chain, but also a source of income for breeders, a source of employment, and a primary tool in the quest for sustainable food production. To achieve this last aim, we asked authors for research that could potentially be applied to the purpose of this study, and whose results could be useful in improving farm management practices and the responsible use of natural resources. A total of 20 papers were contributed to this issue, written by 118 authors from 4 countries, and comprising 18 research articles and 2 communications articles
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  • 77
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036571249 , 9783036571256
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The welfare of an individual could be severely affected by stressful events. Mainly for this reason, the scientific community is interested in finding specific and quantifiable characteristics which could indicate or predict specific signs of acute or chronic stress exposure. The aim of this reprint is to reflect this interest in the field of companion animal physiology. The authors engaged in publishing this reprint are experts in the multiple mechanisms involved in stress response, including the detection of behavioral and physical signs which can be measured through biological indicators of homeostasis displacement. The editors strongly believe this topic will be of interest not only to researchers in this field, but also to dog trainers, dog shelter workers and veterinary behaviorists
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  • 78
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574639 , 9783036574622
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: Overcoming biological barriers is a significant challenge in drug development, and recent advancements in drug delivery systems and technologies offer promising solutions. This Special Issue highlights the innovative approaches and techniques being used to improve drug permeability and absorption, as well as their potential impact on a wide range of therapeutic goals. These advancements being made in drug delivery and permeability offer exciting possibilities to improve patient outcomes
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  • 79
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568683 , 9783036568690
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Insects are the most diverse group of organisms, representing approximately 80 percent of the world's species. It is estimated that there are some ten quintillion individual insects alive. During millions of years of evolution, insects developed extraordinary adaptations that allowed them to reside in different habitats. As with all other organisms, insects encounter a wide range of microbes. Although lacking adaptive immunity, they rely on robust innate immune systems to combat these microbes to maintain organismal homeostasis. Conversely, some microbial communities can benefit the host and profoundly affect the host's physiology and overall fitness. Microbiotas have been proven to provide nutrients, promote host defense, and mediate host reproductive behavior. In recent decades, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing has enabled researchers to study host–microbe interactions from the whole microbiome level rather than single microbial species, greatly expanding our knowledge of insect biology
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9783036573519 , 9783036573502
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint emphasizes the perspectives and challenges surrounding COVID-19 and obesity-related cancers, including but not limited to the risk factors of severe COVID-19 in cancer patients; the complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients; the challenges in cancer treatment and surgery; guidelines for cancer care during COVID-19; delayed diagnosis and suboptimal cancer management; the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, early diagnosis and cancer presentation; immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in cancer patients; psychological distress among cancer survivors; telehealth in cancer care; the role of diet and nutraceuticals in the prevention of severe COVID-19 and cancer; and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer research
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  • 81
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036571959 , 9783036571942
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Mental health services
    Abstract: The aim of the reprint was to provide readers with updated research findings on the psychological and psychiatric consequences of the pandemic. The wide scope of the reprint reflects the complexity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. The focus of the studies ranges from the psychological consequences of social distancing and the closure of schools to the neurological consequences of the viral infection, and from the stressful impact of an increased workload on frontline health workers to the unmet needs of special populations such as pregnant women, veterans and patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thanks to its richness in content and worldwide perspectives (contributors were from Canada, Croatia, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Spain, and the USA), the reprint is a valuable source of information to researchers and clinicians interested in the mental health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
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  • 82
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561554 , 9783036561561
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: The delicate balance of resource intensity and efficiency of a solution for a very complex problem raises the issue of how these aspects constitute a symmetrical or asymmetrical system. Computational Intelligence (CI) offers a plethora of efficient tools for the potential and rather good quality solution of highly complex, often mathematically intractable problems. This "toolbox" is one of the best examples for the study of the above mentioned issue, namely, how to find the best balance, how to establish a symmetry of weights or costs in a particular field, for a particular problem. This special issue presents a number of interesting novel applications of CI for the tackling of a wide variety of difficult problems. The Introduction gives a short insight into the symmetry and asymmetry aspect of the topic
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  • 83
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570617 , 9783036570600
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: By joining the two previous editions, this Special Issue completes the trilogy of Special Issues entitled "Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds", which deal with the properties and effects of phytonatural products in preclinical models. This third edition has also remained focused on their therapeutic potential, with the aim of increasing and contributing to the expansion of our scientific knowledge on plants in human health. We hope readers will enjoy this Special Issue as much as the previous publications
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  • 84
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036582603 , 9783036582610
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: In recent years, peptides generated from various marine organisms have attracted wide attention due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities, including antioxidant, immune-modulating, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antiviral, cytotoxic, neurotoxic, anticoagulant, antifreeze, etc. Moreover, bioactive peptides can serve as additional functional components used in health foods, nutraceuticals, bio-preservatives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The Special Issue on “Marine Bioactive Peptides—Structure, Function, and Application” aimed to collect papers on up-to-date information regarding the preparation, structural identification, activity and functional evaluation, and application of marine bioactive peptides
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9783036581163 , 9783036581170
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: Thrombosis is a pathophysiological phenomenon observed in acute and chronic coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Exposure of the Tissue Factor (TF) to flowing blood is followed to its binding to other coagulation factors leading to thrombin formation. Together with platelet activation, TF ultimately promotes thrombus formation. Recent advances in platelet pathophysiology have shown that these cells are able to regulate their gene/protein expression, engage in de novo protein synthesis, and release different mediators that may interfere with different cell functions. Several clinical trials have clearly shown the efficacy of anticoagulation and/or anti-platelet aggregation in different thrombotic disorders. Real-world practice clearly indicates that antithrombotic strategies need to be personalized according to patient characteristics. The combination of multiple antithrombotic drugs represents a challenging scenario and was the focus of multiple recent randomized controlled trials, with more still to come. As knowledge about platelets and the coagulation system has substantially evolved within the last few years, so should our approach to antithrombotic treatment; focused on current hurdles of antithrombotic treatments in patients with cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, starting from the molecular mechanisms involved, proposing practical solutions to compelling clinical scenarios using a pathophysiology-oriented approach on the basis of current clinical evidence
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036581286 , 9783036581293
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In recent years, AI/ML tools have become more prevalent in the fields of medical imaging and imaging informatics, where systems are already outperforming physicians in a range of domains, such as in the classification of retinal fundus images in ophthalmology, chest X-rays in radiology, and skin cancer detection in dermatology, among many others. It has recently emerged as one of the fastest growing research areas given the evolution of techniques in radiology, molecular imaging, anatomical imaging, and functional imaging for detection, segmentation, diagnosis, annotation, summarization, and prediction. The ongoing innovations in this exciting and promising field play a powerful role in influencing the lives of millions through health, safety, education, and other opportunities intended to be shared across all segments of society. To achieve further progress, this Special Issue (SI) invited both research and review-type manuscripts to showcase ongoing research progress and development based on applications of AI/ML (especially DL techniques) in medical imaging to influence human health and healthcare systems in the diagnostic decision-making process. The SI published fourteen articles after a rigorous peer-review process across the spectrum of medical imaging modalities and the diversity of specialties depending on imaging techniques from radiology, dermatology, pathology, colonoscopy, endoscopy, etc
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036583112 , 9783036583105
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: This Special Issue covers a well-balanced collection of state-of-the-art topics in the prospering and competitive field of anticancer drug design and development, which can address and inspire oncologists, biologists, and medicinal chemists among the readership of this journal
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  • 88
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036581385 , 9783036581392
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: This reprint highlights the importance of Deep Learning (DL), which has garnered significant attention in science, industry, and academia. It draws inspiration from the functioning of the human brain and the concept of learning. Unlike traditional and machine learning methods, deep learning techniques emulate the human brain's neural networks at a lower scale, allowing them to process and analyze substantial quantities of unstructured data. The remarkable proficiency of deep learning in unveiling intricate structures within extensive datasets genuinely resembles the extraordinary aptitude of the brain to recognize patterns and form complex connections. This unique characteristic allows DL to excel in modeling and solving complex problems across various scientific and technological fields. Just as the brain learns from experience, DL architectures learn through algorithms from data by adjusting numerous parameters during training to optimize their performance and accuracy. This concept of learning and adaptation is fundamental to DL's success. This reprint serves as an excellent opportunity to disseminate current knowledge beyond academic boundaries, reaching a diverse audience encompassing academics, professionals, and the general public. This wide readership fosters the potential for meaningful connections to established projects and the cultivation of collaboration for future research endeavors
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579948 , 9783036579955
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Comparative pathology, translational research, and clinical trials involving domestic animals have the ultimate goal of advancing our medical knowledge of both human and veterinary species. Companion, laboratory (from mouse to non-human primates), and wildlife animals play a pivotal role in our understanding of infectious diseases—particularly those with a zoonotic component. This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research on the comparative pathology and immunohistochemistry of veterinary species. A total of 11 high-quality papers addressing different areas of pathology have been contributed by 62 authors from seven countries, comprising 9 research articles and 2 communications
    Note: English
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  • 90
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579122 , 9783036579139
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Cardiovascular medicine
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on recent advances in the clinical care of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndromes. We must accumulate novel scientific and clinical knowledge in this field to develop seamless treatments and preventive strategies for this patient population. Furthermore, accumulated data have implicated that there are some residual risk factors for coronary syndromes, and the clinical management of cardiovascular/non-cardiovascular complications associated with coronary syndromes is also a critical concern. We hope that this reprint will facilitate the management of future patients with coronary syndromes; however, further research is still required. It is also our hope that this reprint will promote future research to enable a better understanding of the clinical practice of coronary syndromes
    Note: English
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  • 91
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579641 , 9783036579658
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: In the last decade, the incidence of cancer in young patients has increased in several cancer types according to the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) data and other worldwide registries. Recently, Sung and colleagues published an extensive pooled analysis from the US in Lancet Public Health, which revealed a dramatic increase in cancer incidence among younger adults (aged 25–49 years), mainly in “obesity-related” cancers, most of which occur in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Several studies over the past decade have indicated a significant increase in colorectal cancer incidence among young adults below the age of 50 years. Current evidence suggests that the majority of early-onset GI cancers are sporadic and harbor no familial etiology, indicating the potentially significant role of environmental and behavioral factors in their pathogenesis. Furthermore, the gut microbiome has been proposed to play a key role in CRC carcinogenesis. The scope of this Special Issue of Cancers is to highlight perspectives regarding biology, etiology, late-term toxicities and quality of life which are unique and relevant to young-onset GI cancer cases
    Note: English
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  • 92
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036559179 , 9783036559186
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is closely linked with the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and many other cancers. HPV vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection from certain types of human papillomavirus. However, despite the various prevention strategies and treatments, such as HPV screening, prophylactic HPV vaccines, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the disease burden remains heavy worldwide. Currently, three types of prophylactic vaccines—quadrivalent HPV vaccines, bivalent HPV vaccines, and a new nonavalent HPV vaccine—are commercially available. Although these vaccines protect against 90% of HPV infections, their capacity to eliminate pre-existing infections is limited. In this Topical Collection, we aim to systematically cover the progress, current status, and future prospects of various vaccines being developed for the prevention and treatment of HPV-associated lesions and cancers
    Note: English
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  • 93
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575827 , 9783036575834
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (424 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Cannabis has a history of medical use dating back millennia; however, the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes fell out of favor in the middle of the last century. There is currently a renewed interest in the potential medicinal value of this plant, as well as individual compounds produced by Cannabis (as well as synthetic analogs). Currently, nearly 50 countries permit the medical use of cannabis, and over a dozen other countries have legalized cannabis-based products (CBD, Sativex, Dronabinol, etc.) for medical use. While there exists a plethora of anecdotal reports indicating that cannabis can treat a variety of diseases, there is a limited amount of strong, evidence-based scientific data to support these claims. This Special Edition of Biomedicines, “Therapeutic Potential for Cannabis and Cannabinoids”, was dedicated to providing evidence for the medicinal value of cannabis to treat human illness and disease. Topics included, but were not limited to, preclinical animal models examining the efficacy of cannabis and cannabinoid derivatives on pain, anxiety, cancer, and other diseases; and cell and molecular models of cannabinoid pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, and disease treatment. These studies are of great importance not only for progressing the cannabis field, but also for validating the use of cannabis and cannabinoids as therapeutics
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036580845 , 9783036580852
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 types; the most common types are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. All types of arthritis share common features, including monocyte infiltration, inflammation, synovial swelling, pannus formation, stiffness in the joints, and articular cartilage destruction. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear, and no cure exists as of yet. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and corticosteroids) are commonly used for the treatment of arthritis. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects, such as gastric bleeding and an increased risk of a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. Therefore, it is crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of arthritis and novel modes of therapy. This reprint summarizes and discusses the themes of 19 articles published in our Special Issue “Research of Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics in Arthritis 3.0”. The reprint details important novel research discoveries that contribute to our current understanding of arthritis
    Note: English
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9783036579047 , 9783036579054
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: This reprint was established after the 9th International Workshop on Numerical and Evolutionary Optimization (NEO), representing a collection of papers on the intersection of the two research areas covered at this workshop: numerical optimization and evolutionary search techniques. While focusing on the design of fast and reliable methods lying across these two paradigms, the resulting techniques are strongly applicable to a broad class of real-world problems, such as pattern recognition, routing, energy, lines of production, prediction, and modeling, among others. This volume is intended to serve as a useful reference for mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists to explore current issues and solutions emerging from these mathematical and computational methods and their applications
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579665 , 9783036579672
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: Over the last decades, interest in forensic toxicology has continually increased. Consequently, the discipline assumed a leading role, becoming one of the reference sciences for elucidating events of judicial importance. The need to reconcile analytical problems (e.g., relating to the qualitative/quantitative analysis of substances of abuse in complex biological matrices) with judicial requirements (i.e., providing data that can be used as documentary evidence in proceedings) makes the discipline unique among all "analytical" sciences. Thus, the availability of validated procedures, the constant monitoring of analytical performance through quality assurance protocols, the availability of certified “in matrix” standards, and the analytical problems underlying the analysis of new psychoactive substances in the blood and other biological fluids represent the challenges of modern forensic toxicology. The correct interpretation of analytical data, especially to elucidate the extent of impairment induced by a certain substance, and “old” issues related to the correct interpretation of post-mortem data (given the impossibility of translating the therapeutic ranges defined in vivo) represent further areas of research and debate among scientists. Finally, the possibility of interacting with other disciplines (such as proteomics and social sciences) allows for extending the concept of analytical data acquisition/interpretation beyond the classical limits of forensic toxicology (for example, considering the influence of gender when interpreting the effect of a substance)
    Note: English
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9783036576404 , 9783036576411
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (438 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: Complex systems have long been an integral part of modern life and can be encountered everywhere. Undertaking a comprehensive study of such systems is a challenging problem, one which is impossible to solve without the use of contemporary mathematical modeling techniques. Mathematical models form the basis for the optimal design and control of complex systems. The present reprint contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue of Mathematics entitled "Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems". This Special Issue is focused on recent theoretical and computational studies of complex systems modeling, control, and optimization. The topics addressed in this Special Issue cover a wide range of areas, including numerical simulation in physical, social, and life sciences; the modeling and analysis of complex systems based on mathematical methods and AI/ML approaches; control problems in robotics; design optimization of complex systems, modeling in economics and social sciences; stochastic models in physics and engineering; mathematical models in material science; and high-performance computing for mathematical modeling. It is our hope that the scientific results presented in this reprint will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration to those seeking to delve into complex systems modeling, control, and optimization and examine their wide-ranging applications
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036595665 , 9783036595672
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: This Special Issue in Cancers is focused on cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and other immunotherapies against cancer. It includes reports on cell therapies such as CAR-NK cell therapies, and bispecific antibodies against multiple myeloma and B cell lymphoma. Immunotherapies against solid tumors include TGF-beta-PDL-1 fusion protein and EpCAM-CD3 bispecific antibody generated with mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNP) against colorectal tumors. The clinical studies ongoing with bi- and tri-specific T cell engager antibodies against solid tumors and advantages versus cell therapies are discussed. This Special Issue highlights novel approaches to cell therapies, bispecific antibodies, vaccines, and immunotherapies that will be interesting for cancer cell researchers, biologists, and oncologists
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592046 , 9783036592053
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue on Atopic Dermatitis focuses on novel insights into the pathogenesis of the immunological components of the disorder and the impaired epidermal barrier properties. It also explores the efficacy and safety of breakthrough therapies with topical agents and systemic therapies, such as monoclonals and JAK inhibitors. The aim of this Special Issue is also to present the expected future forefront of research and the treatment options that are expected to be available in the next few years
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589824 , 9783036589831
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries ; Computer science
    Abstract: In this Special Issue we gathered ten exemplary papers, each delineating advancements within the spheres of machine learning and deep neural networks. Commencing with a thorough exploration by Figueira and Vaz, readers are introduced to the nuances of synthetic data generation and evaluation, followed closely by Silva and Pedroso's systematic approach to leveraging deep reinforcement learning within the intricate realm of delivery logistics. Kamran et al. contribute an astute methodology for camouflage object segmentation, whereas Pinheiro and collaborators offer a crafted semi-supervised strategy for predicting EGFR mutations via CT images. Subsequent contributions, such as Lee and Yoo's framework for portrait emotion recognition and Balakrishnan et al.'s analytical exploration of transformer models for Twitter disaster detection, further exemplify the depth of research contained herein. Later chapters cover a broad spectrum of themes: Li, Branco, and Zhang investigate house price prediction; Aziz and his team delve into the geo-spatial analysis of hate speech; Nazari, Branco, and Jourdan introduce innovations in GAN training methodologies; and Xie and Lin present CNN models meticulously tailored for ectopic beat classification. In its entirety, this Special Issue represents progressive strides in machine learning and deep neural networks made by distinguished scholars. It offers readers an insightful overview of both the current state-of-the-art methodologies and the burgeoning innovations within this exciting field
    Note: English
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