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  • Undetermined  (1,044)
  • Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1,042)
  • Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press (mqup)  (2)
  • Stuttgart : Kohlhammer
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : KIT Scientific Publishing
  • History of engineering & technology  (659)
  • Medicine  (386)
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Language
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783036574806 , 9783036574813
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book is a collection of articles focused on recent research covering a species which is emblematic of scientific and commercial interest—the dromedary. The dromedary economy and its sustainability are of a capital importance for the future development of humanity. This research highlights camel productions systems and rearing practices, camel biodiversity and genetics, camel breeding and feeding, dromedary pathologies, anatomy particularities in dromedary, therapeutic virtues of camel products, as well as the industry’s contribution to food security
    Note: English
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783036574431 , 9783036574424
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Transport technology & trades
    Abstract: Maritime traffic data (e.g., radar data, AIS data, and CCTV data) provide designers, officers on watch, and traffic operators with extensive information about the states of ships at present and in history, representing a treasure trove for behavior analysis. Additionally, navigation rules and regulations (i.e., knowledge) offer valuable prior knowledge about ship manners at sea. Combining multisource heterogeneous big data and artificial intelligence techniques inspires innovative and important means for the development of MASS. This reprint collects twelve contributions published in “Data-/Knowledge-Driven Behavior Analysis of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships” Special Issue during 2021–2022, aiming to provide new views on data-/knowledge-driven analytical tools for maritime autonomous surface ships, including data-driven behavior modeling, knowledge-driven behavior modeling, multisource heterogeneous traffic data fusion, risk analysis and management of MASS, etc
    Note: English
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  • 3
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573090 , 9783036573083
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint describes how lifestyle changes can impact the incidence and progression of chronic non-communicable diseases. In this context, regular physical activity and heathy nutritional habits are very important. Moreover, natural bioactive compounds could represent a new adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of these pathological conditions
    Note: English
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  • 4
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577661 , 9783036577678
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Surgery
    Abstract: We are in the modern era of innovations, technological developments and minimisation in the field of urology. While laparoscopy and robotic surgery have revolutionised pelvic and upper tract oncology, there is continuous evolution and increasing use of these in the field of benign conditions and paediatric urology. As lasers have changed endourology, new minimally invasive surgical techniques (MISTs) have given a new meaning to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) surgery. Oncological developments for prostate cancer now include treatments such as robotic prostatectomy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy and HIFU. Robotic partial nephrectomy and cryotherapy have changed the face of renal cancer. While robotic cystectomy is also gaining popularity for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, new concepts of En-bloc resection of bladder cancer are emerging and being increasingly adopted. MISTs for BPH include laser (Holmium, thulium and green light), water-based treatments (Rezum, Aquablation) and other minimally invasive procedures such as prostate artery embolisation (PAE), TIND and Urolift. There is increasing emphasis on the role of suction in endourological procedures, while the quest for better intrarenal pressure and temperature monitoring continues. The use of Thulium fibre laser (TFL), Moses technology and small disposable ureteroscopes all help in pushing the boundaries of ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures. These new technological developments have led to improvements in patients’ quality of life (QoL), shorter hospital stays and reductions in complication rates
    Note: English
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  • 5
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575308 , 9783036575315
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (578 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics
    Note: English
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783036575797 , 9783036575780
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: “Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering” is a comprehensive, edited Special Issue that explores the latest advances in the application of soft computing and machine learning techniques to dam engineering. This reprint covers a range of topics, including dam design, construction, monitoring, and maintenance, and provides readers with a deep understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical applications of these techniques.Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, the reprint presents a collection of 11 papers that offer insights into state-of-the-art approaches in dam engineering. The chapters cover topics such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines, and provide practical examples of how these techniques can be applied to solve real-world dam engineering problems.Whether you are a researcher, engineer, or student in the field of dam engineering, “Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering” provides a valuable resource for staying up-to-date with the latest techniques and approaches in the field
    Note: English
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  • 7
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574684 , 9783036574691
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint presents a collection of original research and survey articles that tackle the practical challenges in large-scale and rapid deployment of sensors for diverse applications as well as the resulting Big Data processing. The complexity of the generated data ranges from large-scale sensor networks to smartphone-enabled citizen sensing data from social networks and personal health devices, which requires advanced data processing, mining and fusion methods. Solutions listed in this book include those that address issues of the interoperability of IoT solutions and data fragmentation through crawling, indexing and searching IoT data sources and the predictive maintenance of sensors. Social networks are also in scope, through a visualisation system for the analysis of anomalies in social graphs, detecting context-aware sociability patterns and assessing the effectiveness of fine tuning and pretrained word embedding in generating interpretable topics from short texts in social networks. Applications in scope include smart tourism, fall detection through personal health sensors and an energy management expert assistant
    Note: English
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  • 8
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575612 , 9783036575605
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: "Advances in UAV Detection, Classification and Tracking" is a comprehensive book that explores the latest techniques and advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection, classification, and tracking. As UAV technology continues to evolve and become more accessible, there is a growing need for effective methods to detect, identify, and track these devices in various scenarios. This reprint provides a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for UAV detection, classification, and tracking, covering both theoretical and practical aspects.The reprint begins by introducing the basics of UAVs and their various applications, followed by a detailed overview of the challenges associated with UAV detection, classification, and tracking. The authors then present the latest techniques and algorithms used in the field, including machine-learning-based approaches, computer vision techniques, and sensor fusion techniques. The reprint also covers the challenges of real-world applications, such as dealing with occlusions, sensor noise, and environmental factors.With contributions from leading experts in the field, "Advances in UAV Detection, Classification and Tracking" is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners working on UAV detection, classification, and tracking. It is also a valuable reference for graduate students and anyone interested in the latest advancements in this rapidly evolving field
    Note: English
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  • 9
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036562797 , 9783036562803
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: Numerical methods have become crucial in recent years and have been applied in many research fields. Among these, environmental and energy research has become increasingly relevant. This Special Issue comprises a recent advances in research relating to numerical modeling applied to energy and environment
    Note: English
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  • 10
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036576152 , 9783036576145
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a powerful system for the recognition and elimination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells. Typical PAMPs include bacterial cell wall components, viral pathogens, or pathogenic nucleic acids, including viral RNA and DNA. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons which are important for the induction of the host immune response against bacterial and viral infections. However, dysregulation and overstimulation can be detrimental, leading to hyper-inflammation, sepsis, and loss of tissue integrity. The involvement of TLRs in inflammation and bacterial infection has been recognized for a long time. There is an increasing number of reports demonstrating the involvement of TLR activation in a variety of viral infections, associated with protective immunity, but also immune hyper activation and even viral replication. Recent data show the involvement of TLR activation in various acute respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and indicate an essential role in COVID-19 pathology. It aimed to gather newest data and hypotheses regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms of TLR triggering and activation and their downstream signaling pathways by viral infections, and their correlation to immunology and pathophysiology of the associated diseases, to facilitate translational research resulting in new targets for the treatment of viral infectious diseases including COVID-19
    Note: English
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  • 11
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036557311 , 9783036557328
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book follows up on the previous volume focusing on the different biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. It includes original research works and review articles focusing on an improved understanding of disease mechanisms. It also aims to identify aspects of early therapeutic intervention for enhanced disease management. Some critical approaches include studies involving human tissue samples, mouse disease models, and different imaging techniques. These studies present the essential information necessary to address such pathological conditions in the future
    Note: English
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  • 12
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577333 , 9783036577326
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Mental health services
    Abstract: Digital health, virtual assistance, and telemedicine are terms often used interchangeably to refer to remote medical assistance, monitoring and care. Several studies and insights have developed these issues, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages and successes and failures and offering reflections on the implications and issues of these technologies in the health domain. The results of these investigations are affecting the redesign of hospital and outpatient management based on digital innovation using eHealth and mHealth. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this approach made it possible to offer assistance and continue care at home, protecting patients, preserving health workers, limiting the spread of the virus, and reducing the need for hospitalization. This reprint contains contributions dealing with the development of DH during the COVID-19 pandemic. The contributions are from various experts in different fields regarding the application of digital health, which, in some cases is also integrated with artificial intelligence, including digital contact tracing, mHealth, virtual reality, mental health, physiology, and rehabilitation
    Note: English
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  • 13
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574882 , 9783036574899
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Materials science
    Abstract: “Material Analysis in Cultural Heritage” describes the application of modern analytical techniques in the studies of selected historical materials, their properties, and processes they undergo. The topics include glass and ceramics, metal preservation, functionality and testing of historic and modern building materials, origins of specific stones, decomposition of painting pigments, and the construction of historic violins
    Note: English
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783036577173 , 9783036577166
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Industry & industrial studies
    Abstract: Existing competitiveness between companies in the global market requires a high degree of proactivity, with an aim of reducing costs, increasing quality, and providing the market with innovative products that are in line with the natural evolution of customer demands. The concepts of the Toyota Production System, which have led to the adoption of lean manufacturing, have helped industrial managers to implement tools and practices that eliminate or substantially reduce wastes that normally exist in conventional production lines. However, the need for successive increase in flexibility necessitates a more favorable evolution with technological advancements in the programming of equipment and devices, along with the use of robotics and the integration of information throughout the product manufacturing cycle using the IoT or powerful networks. This concept, usually referred to as Industry 4.0, is in line with the principles of lean manufacturing, although it can only be supported by a true technological revolution involving remote programming of machines, integration of manufacturing processes, and real-time control of the work performed through an entire production cycle. This Special Issue showcases important contributions in the area of lean manufacturing and Industry 4.0, with innovative concepts that will certainly enthuse and strengthen readers’ knowledge
    Note: English
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  • 15
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575773 , 9783036575766
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The title of the current Special Issue, “Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design”, has identified the aims of this collection since its opening: the gathering of research works and comprehensive review papers that advance the understanding and prediction of material behavior at different scales, from atomistic to macroscopic, through innovative modeling and simulation.In this context, interdisciplinary researches that tackled challenging and complex material problems where the governing phenomena might span different scales of material behavior, with an emphasis on the development of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations, have been collected. Similarly, particular attention has been given to homogenization techniques for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of new materials and multi-phase composites. Innovative numerical approaches for the mechanical analysis, highlighting their accuracy, reliability, and stability features, have been also welcomed. Significant space has been also given to advanced and sustainable technologies. From the aforementioned topics, it is evident that this Special Issue represents the ideal forum for disseminating excellent research findings, as well as sharing innovative ideas in this significant field.Throughout the several months of activity, this Special Issue has been able to attract much interesting research. Its success is proven by the sixteen papers collected and published
    Note: English
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  • 16
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575056 , 9783036575049
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (322 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Optic neuropathies are conditions in which there is damage to the optic nerve (ON) caused by a variety of causes, including glaucoma, inflammation, gene abnormalities, ischemia, trauma, and toxicity. ON damage triggers a process of axon degeneration, inflammatory cytokine upregulation, breakdown of the blood–optic nerve barrier, and, eventually, the induction of apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in optic atrophy. To date, there is no effective treatment for most optic neuropathies; however, because the damage initially is axogenic, there may exist a window of therapeutic opportunity before the death of RGCs. Thus, the search for effective treatments for various optic neuropathies before there is permanent damage to prevent or limit visual dysfunction and the development of methods to stimulate axon and/or RGC regeneration to restore vision after damage has occurred is pivotal.This reprint collected 19 articles published in this Special Issue of IJMS which covers the molecular mechanisms to protect RGCs and/or axonal damage, translational research, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and neuroprotection for glaucoma
    Note: English
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  • 17
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574486 , 9783036574493
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (398 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: In recent years, we have been witnessing the exponential proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), networks of physical devices, vehicles, appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators and connectivity that enables these objects to connect and exchange data. Enabling the introduction of highly efficient IoT, wireless sensing and network technologies will reduce the need for traditional processes that are currently be carried out manually, thus freeing up the precious resources of dwindling working staff, to do more meaningful and human-centered work. This reprint aims to bring together innovative developments in areas related to IoT, wireless sensing and networking. The aspects covered include software-defined network (SDN)-based IoT networks, artificial intelligence (AI) for IoT, industrial IoT, smart sensors, optimization of energy efficiency for IoT, and wireless sensor networks, IoT applications for agriculture, smart cities, healthcare, localization and environment monitoring
    Note: English
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  • 18
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575407 , 9783036575414
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Robotics and intelligent systems often appear to be linked, as they take advantage of the best abilities of each other towards a common goal. In industry, it is common to see robotic systems aided by machine learning and vice versa and in applications spanning from robot navigation, grasping, human–robot interaction/collaboration, safety, and team management, among others. Achievements targeting the industrial domain can be directly applied in robotic systems operating in other domains. While the advancements in the last few years have been enormous, industrial robotics and intelligent systems face several scientific and technological challenges related to their integration with other systems, interaction with humans, safety, flexibility, reconfigurability, and autonomy. These challenges are especially relevant when robots operate in unstructured industrial environments and share their workspaces with human co-workers and other robots. This reprint collects research and technological achievements related to advanced intelligent robotic systems. The contributions cover the coordination of multiple robots navigating on the factory floor, path planning strategies, human–robot interaction, robot redundancy and kinematics, systems integration, grasping, and manipulation
    Note: English
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  • 19
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036576794 , 9783036576787
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Since the introduction of robotic surgery in the early 2000s, several studies have demonstrated its safety and feasibility in various complicated procedures, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal surgery (for both benign and malignant pathologies), hepatobiliopancreatic surgery, and gynecological and urological procedures.Robot-assisted surgery provides the advantages of a magnified tridimensional view and movement stability without a tremor, which facilitate a precise dissection. The EndoWrist instrument also facilitates dissection at difficult angles, thus enabling surgery in complex conditions.Even if some of the advantages of robotic surgery have been defined, we are still far from clearly recognizing precise indications for a robotic approach in gastrointestinal surgery.With this Special Issue, we aim to investigate the conditions that support the robotic approach in gastrointestinal surgery toward the definition of gold-standard robotic procedures, as established in urological surgery for prostatectomy
    Note: English
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  • 20
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573786 , 9783036573793
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Mining technology & engineering
    Abstract: Traditional manufacturing processes, such as welding and casting, and modern techniques, such as additive manufacturing, can significantly affect the local material properties of metallic materials. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of engineering components and structures, fundamental knowledge of the manufacturing effects on fatigue performance is of the utmost importance. Hence, this Special Issue focuses on the fatigue design of metallic structures, considering the influence of technological aspects. Approaches based on local stress/strain, as well as fracture-mechanics-based concepts, are applied, considering local manufacturing-process-dependent characteristics, such as microstructure, hardness, porosity/defects, surface topography, and/or residual stress state. Moreover, probabilistic methods are utilized which enable a link between statistically distributed local characteristics and failure/survival probability, enabling the advanced fatigue design of metallic structures
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  • 21
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036557014 , 9783036557021
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Transport technology & trades
    Abstract: This book focuses on advanced techniques to reduce the impact of the transport sector and, more specifically, of Spark-Ignition (SI) Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) on atmospheric air pollution and climate change. Hybrid vehicles represent the most suitable option for addressing these issues in the medium term, since hybridization allows us to overcome the major disadvantages of ICEs, electric units, and energy storage devices and merge their respective benefits. In this scenario, ICEs will remain the core component of automotive propulsion systems in the years to come. Of course, further efforts to improve the efficiency and reduce the pollutant and CO2 emissions of ICEs are necessary
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783036574271 , 9783036574264
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Transport technology & trades
    Abstract: This reprint contains the most recent research in pavement engineering, which mainly addresses the performance-related properties of asphalt mixtures. We hope that this reprint is helpful for researchers and pavement industries to generate a better and deeper understanding of pavement materials, pavement construction, and pavement maintenance
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  • 23
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574592 , 9783036574585
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: There has been a rapid development in the academic literature over the last ten years on papers relating to individualization, personalization, patient-, client-, consumer- and person-centredness, with work on conceptual, instrumental, observational, and experimental levels. This Special Issue presents papers that can further establish the current state of science on these topics relating to personalized nursing and health care. We collected papers that highlight and further the knowledge base conceptually, instrumentally, observationally, and experimentally with sound theoretical and methodological underpinnings and implications for research, theory, and clinical work in the disciplines of nursing, medicine, allied health, and beyond
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  • 24
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572888 , 9783036572895
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Carbazoles are important aromatic heterocyclic compounds isolated from plants or synthetically obtained. Today, many carbazole derivatives are used in different industrial sectors, especially in the fields of physical chemistry, materials chemistry, and pharmaceuticals. In this Special Issue, “Carbazole derivatives: latest progress and prospects”, recent studies on carbazole derivatives that are utilized, such as β1-blocking, anticancer (e.g., STAT inhibitors, microtubule-targeting agents), and antidiabetic as well as antiviral (e.g., for the treatment of COVID-19 infection) agents, are reported
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  • 25
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573151 , 9783036573144
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Mining technology & engineering
    Abstract: Pyrometallurgy is considered to be an environmentally friendly technology in processing of primary and secondary raw materials. The continuous development of pyrometallurgical processes to treat more complex raw materials requires direct support from fundamental research. In this reprint, 18 papers focusing on recent investigations into the existing and new pyrometallurgical processes such as recovery of cobalt through chlorination–volatilization, the extraction of tungsten from low-grade concentrates, copper and lead smelting, ironmaking, and steelmaking are collected. This reprint is expected to serve as a valuable reference for academia and the industry working on thermodynamics, kinetics, and technological optimization and development
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9783036571850 , 9783036571843
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Genetic aberrations and epigenetic modifications are critical drivers of cancer progression and metastasis. Although recurrent mutations in primary and metastatic cancers have been shown to be concordant, there are several metastasis-associated mutations responsible for resistance to specific therapies that are frequently located in genes that regulate DNA methylation and chromatin modifications. Recent studies have shown that distinct subgroups of poor-prognosis tumors lack genetic alterations but are epigenetically regulated, pointing to the critical role of epigenetic modifications in cancer progression. This Special Issue provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying processes associated with cancer cell plasticity and the development of metastatic disease
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9783036571874 , 9783036571867
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Traditional wood composites are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their undisputable advantages, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the emission of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including free formaldehyde emission from the finished wood composites, which is carcinogenic to humans and harmful to the environment. The growing environmental concerns, connected with the adoption of circular economy principles, and the new, stricter legislative requirements for the emission of harmful VOCs, e.g., free formaldehyde, from wood composites, have posed new challenges to researchers and industrial practice, related to the development of sustainable, eco-friendly wood composites, optimization of the available lignocellulosic raw materials, and use of alternative resources. This reprint presents a collection of 10 high-quality original research and review papers providing examples of the most recent advances and technological developments in the fabrication, design, characteristics, and applications of eco-friendly wood and wood-based composites
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  • 28
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572949 , 9783036572956
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (564 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Agricultural productivity should increase to meet the growing food demand. Tillage is defined as the mechanical manipulation of agricultural soil, and it is an extremely vital part of crop production, particularly for seedbed preparation and weed control. Tillage operations are carried out using mechanical force, commonly with a tractor-drawn tool to achieve the cutting, inversion, pulverization, and disturbance of soil. A significant part of the energy (from fossil fuels) used in crop production is expended in tillage. This energy use results in greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential that we reduce energy use (hence, greenhouse gas emissions) to achieve sustainable farming practices and improve crop production and design new tillage tools or optimize the existing tools. Although the design and evaluation of tillage tools are generally carried out using analytical methods and field experiments, with recent technological improvements, computer technology has been used for the design and evaluation of tillage tools. Additionally, sensor technology can improve the efficiency of tillage tools. This Special Issue collated innovative papers that make a significant contribution to the design and application of agricultural equipment in tillage systems. It involved original research and review papers from different research fields, such as agricultural engineering, engineering simulation, and precision agriculture
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  • 29
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563367 , 9783036563374
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on new advances and developments in the topic of vibration control and structural health monitoring. In order to reduce the adverse impact of vibration on structures, vibration control and structure health monitoring have become increasingly important. In this reprint, frontier research topics in the following areas have been published: theory and computational methods of vibration control, materials and devices for vibration control, tests and applications of vibration mitigation or isolation techniques, structural health monitoring, vibration analysis, and tests and applications in relative fields
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572765 , 9783036572772
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Today, a great variety of contraceptive techniques are available to women; this, coupled with improving the educational levels of female children and adults, is hastening a decline in fertility and consequently, population growth. With the advent of sustained fertility rates lower than replacement levels in many countries, including China and India, we are already witnessing major economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical consequences. Given this situation, today, the promotion of the use of contraception means improving health, not demography, placing emphasis on individuals and not just on methods alone; on the quality of services, and not simply on availability. Indeed, there is an increasing awareness that contraception can help women reduce health risks that are associated with reproductive events and specifically, with unwanted pregnancies. This means that, no matter how ideal a method may be from a purely scientific viewpoint, it must be submitted to the free, decision-making of well-informed women. To contribute to this new user-centric perspective, this reprint presents a series of articles in which technology is considered withing the broader concept of women’s health. Five articles deal with issues related to the users’ and providers’ perspectives; three discuss a modality that is receiving increasing attention, the so-called Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC); and the last three contributions highlight the new advances in oral hormonal contraception
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572383 , 9783036572390
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (370 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue on advanced sensor technologies contains contributions on the latest developments in mobile robotic systems and related research. Various topics with different ideas and applications from mobile robotics have found their place. New ideas are presented for mobile robots that specialise in cleaning floors, power lines and HVAC systems. We also find innovative approaches for navigation path planning using local minima-free potential fields, novel path primitives and/or their parameterisation for minimum-time planning, and various control approaches ranging from visual serving to model predictive and adaptive trajectory tracking, applied to wheeled robots, humanoid manipulators and flying robots. Localisation approaches using LiDAR, motion capture systems, fingerprint-based and biomechanical gait systems are also discussed. In addition to advances in methodology, applications in healthcare, mining tunnels, cleaning, warehouses and other areas are mentioned
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    ISBN: 9783036561837 , 9783036561844
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572697 , 9783036572680
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical toxicology
    Abstract: It was recently reported that pollution was responsible for 9 million premature deaths in 2015, making it the world's largest environmental risk factor for disease and premature death. Human and industrial activities generate various forms of residual wastes and by-products in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. Waste generation starts with simple processes such as living, eating, and breathing. Managing waste and minimizing associated environmental impacts have become more challenging as worldwide populations and economies continue to grow. Once these hazardous chemicals are present in the environment, people can become exposed to them. Human health can be influenced by many factors, including exposure to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants in the environment.This reprint comprises research papers related to the aspects of environmental exposure to multiple toxic chemicals and human health. The manuscripts are focused on toxicology, biomonitoring, exposure and risk assessment, and endocrine disruptors
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577081 , 9783036577098
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The articles discussed in this reprint show the potential health benefits of nutraceuticals, which are products containing bioactive compounds that can prevent and treat chronic diseases. This book explores various functional ingredients, including plant-derived products, mushrooms, microalgae, and goji berries, for their therapeutic, hypoallergenic, and sporting purposes. The study of the gut microbiome and its interactions with dietary components is also discussed. Additionally, the importance of sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the food industry also stands out. As consumers seek out natural and functional food products, continued research on and the development of nutraceuticals will be critical in promoting healthy aging and addressing chronic diseases
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    ISBN: 9783036576282 , 9783036576299
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: At present, the digital economy is creating a new approach to sustainable development. In particular, this relates to the transformation of the traditional economy via the influence of digitalization on finance management processes. The digital economy is affecting changes in resource management processes. Dynamic digital transformation processes are currently taking place and exerting influence on the shaping of new business models. Existing business models are changing, particularly in the context of their life cycle. The new economic model is rendered social factors more important in terms of creating value for people and the natural environment. Trust in financial institutions, which is also a factor in sustainable business models, is an important criterion for business research. Economic model based on the irresponsible use of natural resources have been heavily criticized for years, and societies have begun to reject business models that negatively impact the environment. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the results of research on the current trends and challenges related to the digital revolution in financial management for sustainable development, an issue that requires extensive research and analysis
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577531 , 9783036577524
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: Major concerns regarding health and the environment are at the heart of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's Sustainable Development Goals. Now more than ever, humanity is called upon to take action to protect the environment and public health. The environment in which we live is the most vital factor for our health and well-being. Human activities have significant impacts on the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and even outer space. Biological, chemical, and physical risk factors are part of our everyday lives, and scientific research continuously faces challenges to understand and mitigate these interactions to make life on Earth more sustainable. The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires the responsible supervision of natural resources, including the development of technologies and regulations
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575421 , 9783036575438
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Conservation of buildings & building materials
    Abstract: The thirty-plus years of progress in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) have had a huge impact on our everyday lives. Be it for the monitoring of fixed- and rotary-wing aircrafts, for the preservation of the cultural and architectural heritage, or for the predictive maintenance of long-span bridges or wind farms, SHM has shaped the framework of many engineering fields. Given the current state of quantitative and principled methodologies, it is nowadays possible to rapidly and consistently evaluate the structural safety of industrial machines, modern concrete buildings, historical masonry complexes, etc., to test their capability and to serve their intended purpose. However, old unsolved problems as well as new challenges exist. Furthermore, unprecedented conditions, such as stricter safety requirements and ageing civil infrastructure, pose new challenges. Therefore, the second volume of this Special Issue series gathers the main contributions of academics and practitioners in civil, aerospace, and mechanical engineering to provide a common ground for structural health monitoring in dealing with old and new aspects of this ever-growing research field
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036576992 , 9783036576985
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: The human body poses various biological barriers to protect itself from pathogens, foreign materials and is important for its functioning and development. This reprint serves as a collection of research and review articles describing novel approaches and new therapeutic modalities to overcome biological barriers. This collection is a must read for scientists working in the field of drug and vaccine delivery
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575865 , 9783036575872
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Mining technology & engineering
    Abstract: In this reprint, the underlying damage mechanisms of materials used under extreme conditions are explored using computer simulation and modelling methods, presenting important information to predict the lifetime of related facilities. The scope of this reprint embraces numerical work on material responses to extreme conditions, such as high-speed impact or loading, neutron or ion irradiation, and high-pressure and/or high-temperature environments. Related simulation results based on the first principle method, molecular dynamics, and finite element methods are reported. Results of various topics have been reported by papers collected in this book, for example, including fitting a better empirical potential, diffusion of atoms on surface, corrosion, interaction between different defects, elastic constants calculations, effect of hot press forming on collision toughness and energy distribution, and influence of radiation defects on the thermo-mechanical properties of UO2. Furthermore, a review about the experiments and models for the effect of strain rate on NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) has also been included in this reprint. These new results present new knowledge for understanding the damage mechanisms of materials under extreme conditions, which would be useful not only for researchers in these fields but also for new readers to learn about basic concepts and current research progress to better understand the response of materials under extreme conditions
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575926 , 9783036575933
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 types, the most common of which are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. All types of arthritis share common features of the disease, including monocyte infiltration, inflammation, synovial swelling, pannus formation, stiffness in the joints, and articular cartilage destruction. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear, and no cure exists as of yet. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and corticosteroids) are commonly used in the treatment of arthritis. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects, such as gastric bleeding and an increased risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of arthritis and seek to discover novel modes of therapy. This reprint summarizes the themes of the 29 articles published in our Special Issue “Research of Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics in Arthritis 2.0”. This reprint details important novel research discoveries that contribute to our current understanding of arthritis
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574660 , 9783036574677
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: There is growing evidence that among persons with disordered eating behavior, the identification of an “addictive-like eating” phenotype for some persons could be relevant and improve our ability to design better tailored interventions. This “addictive-like eating behavior” phenotype encompasses different terms or concepts, including “food addiction”, “eating addiction”, “compulsive eating behavior”, and “food craving”, but also applies to some persons with binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, or binge eating symptoms. Although these terms may theoretically refer to different underlying causes or conceptualizations of addictive-like eating, all agree on the complex and multifaceted public health problem it represents and on the similarities it shares with other addictive disorders in terms of etiology, epidemiology, and treatment. Addictive-like eating behavior can deleteriously impact the patient’s outcome and may lead to poorer weight loss evolution, increased prevalence of co-occurring medical and/or psychiatric disorders, and/or lower quality of life. One of the key challenges for the present and future research is to better identify this subpopulation of patients exhibiting this addictive-like eating phenotype, and to identify the psychological/psychiatric factors and biological mechanisms underlying this increased vulnerability to addictive-like eating. Such preliminary knowledge is crucial for enabling the development of interventions targeting these vulnerability risk factors and, ultimately, improving patient outcomes
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036576633 , 9783036576626
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Streams and rivers are subject to considerable hydrodynamic loads. Flow interactions with natural or man-made structures in open channels lead to the development of complex dynamic processes, requiring further studies to comprehend fully. This Special Issue has been conceived to facilitate improvement or propose new approaches, summarize the most important findings of previous studies, and encourage the development of further knowledge in the field of open-channel flows. Various topics are addressed in this SI, including flow interaction with hydraulic structures, flow dynamics in estuaries, flow-vegetation interactions, bed sediment effects on flow structures, and the effect of channel curvature on flow behaviors and sediment transport. The studies published in this Special Issue certainly help readers understand the turbulent flow involved in open channels and apply that understanding to the design and practice of hydraulic engineering and river management
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    ISBN: 9783036573540 , 9783036573557
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (398 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint captures recent advancements in the introduction, usage, and adoption of smart and digital disruptive technologies in the built environment. It consists of 17 chapters covering a range of topics and article types. The key topics include the adoption of smart technologies, automation, and disruption in the built environment, such as wearable devices and augmented reality in construction safety, electronic process monitoring for construction tasks, digital capture of buildings through point clouds, UAVs, and LIDAR, BIM for a learning environment, underground works and wood construction, collaborative information management technologies in construction, techniques for structural health monitoring and evaluation, construction risk management, inclusive walking communities, smart spin models for cities, landfill and waste management in cities, and circular economy in construction for sustainable development
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568683 , 9783036568690
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Insects are the most diverse group of organisms, representing approximately 80 percent of the world's species. It is estimated that there are some ten quintillion individual insects alive. During millions of years of evolution, insects developed extraordinary adaptations that allowed them to reside in different habitats. As with all other organisms, insects encounter a wide range of microbes. Although lacking adaptive immunity, they rely on robust innate immune systems to combat these microbes to maintain organismal homeostasis. Conversely, some microbial communities can benefit the host and profoundly affect the host's physiology and overall fitness. Microbiotas have been proven to provide nutrients, promote host defense, and mediate host reproductive behavior. In recent decades, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing has enabled researchers to study host–microbe interactions from the whole microbiome level rather than single microbial species, greatly expanding our knowledge of insect biology
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574615 , 9783036574608
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The reprint, “Rare Monogenic Diseases: Molecular Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies”, provides a collection of original research articles and systematic reviews focused on diverse conditions stemming from a pathogenic single gene mutation. The articles are focused on the molecular mechanisms that are affected within a rare monogenic disorder, such as those involving gene expression, molecular pathways and cell death. Moreover, specific experimental therapies including drug discovery, drug repositioning, gene therapy and protein-based therapeutics are discussed
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    ISBN: 9783036573588 , 9783036573595
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Following on from the Special Issue “Recent Advances and Contribution of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications for Agricultural Monitoring”, we concluded that SAR has now become a pivotal sensor for agricultural monitoring. In this Special Issue, you will find a variety of background material discussing SAR and its applications. Several papers focused on using machine learning approaches with SAR to monitor crop stages and classify crops, while others focused on the polarimetric mode to estimate crop height. Going forward, we hope that you will find this Special Issue to be a useful reference
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573113 , 9783036573106
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Fluvial hydraulics deals with the flow of water, the motion of sediment, and the erosion of channel beds in rivers. Fluvial hydraulics is complex because velocity, slope, depth, and channel roughness are all subject to changes resulting from erodible beds and sediment transport due to the presence of in-stream infrastructure, vegetation in channel beds/banks, and ice cover on water surfaces.The aim of this reprint is to present research that improves our knowledge of sediment transport, local scour around in-stream infrastructures, and fluvial processes in the presence of either vegetation in channel beds or ice cover on water surfaces. It aims to include not only the latest advancements in the mechanics of sediment transport and local scour around in-stream infrastructures but also the impacts of vegetation in channel beds on bed deformation and flow structures. Research regarding the interaction between river ice, riverbed deformation, and in-stream infrastructures.In total, twelve original contributions are presented in this reprint. Among the topics of interest for this Special Issue are: 1) turbulent flow structure, Reynolds stress, and local scour around in-stream infrastructures under an ice-covered flow condition; 2) interactions among ice jam accumulation, channel bed deformation, and in-stream infrastructures; and 3) turbulent flow structures in the presence of vegetation in a channel bed or under a shallow flow condition.We hope that the results of the presented research will benefit river engineers and hydrologists
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573472 , 9783036573465
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573717 , 9783036573700
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (540 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: "Advances in Sustainable Polymeric Materials" is a compilation of 22 articles highlighting the recent progress in the research and development of polymeric materials, with an emphasis on sustainability. Some papers focus on developing biodegradable plastics obtained from renewable sources such as starch and biomass waste. Other articles discuss modification techniques to improve the mechanical properties of biopolymers such as PLA and PHAs. The use of recycled polymeric materials in the construction industry is highlighted as a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution.Other studies include investigations on polymer-modified bitumen, a novel sound-absorbing material made from used palm-oil-based polyurethane foam and water hyacinth fibre composite, bio-based epoxy-lignin coatings, TiO2 nanocomposites, the photocatalytic activity of different polymeric composites, sustainable elastomers, interactions between vanillyl-alcohol-based epoxy and cross-linkers, polyvinyl chloride sorbent for rare earth elements, lignin-based thermoplastic, the chemical foaming process of polylactic acid, microencapsulation strategies for essential oils, electrochemical sensors for glucose determination, and an intelligent drug delivery system based on pH-sensitive polymeric formulations.It is important to recognize that the field of sustainable polymeric materials is vast and rapidly evolving, and while a single volume cannot entirely capture all the developments occurring in this field, this collection provides readers with a valuable introduction and overview of the topic
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573281 , 9783036573298
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue covers current and relevant information about the applied anatomy of domestic animals, new companion animals and wild animals. It includes recent research and review articles on diverse topics based on the use of different diagnostic imaging techniques and more classic anatomical methods, providing a deeper insight into the healthy anatomy of diverse structures, which is crucial in high-quality medicine
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    ISBN: 9783036571461 , 9783036571478
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue collates seven papers regarding the assessment or monitoring of hydrological disasters such as droughts and flood using remote sensing and geography information system (GIS) techniques.. The new published research focused on evaluations and models of various hydrological hazards such as droughts and floods. Furthermore, we include two original scientific articles addressing the subject of water quality. This Special Issue received investigations based on different techniques such as remote sensing, GIS, machine learning and monitoring. All papers present findings characterized as unconventional, provocative, innovative and methodologically new. Scientific findings presented in this Special Issue highlight how a combination of various modern analysis techniques (e.g., remote sensing, GIS) can improve our understanding of complex hydrological hazards such as droughts and floods. We hope that the research contained within this Special Issue is useful to the scientific community, policymakers and stakeholders at large in the field of hydrological hazards
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572925 , 9783036572932
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: The concept of information freshness has developed over the last few years into an active and rapidly growing area of research. It has become known as the Age of Information (AoI). After its initial formal introduction, it became clear that it was very relevant (if not crucial) for numerous applications, ranging from autonomous vehicle systems, the Internet of Things, real-time computing to database access, caching, and wireless communications. More importantly, the combination of the transmission delay and sampling rate that are involved in the formulation of the AoI concept has made it clear that there are far-reaching consequences in the relationship between signal processing, information theory, and control theory at a fundamental level. In this Special Issue, we received contributions that span the full range of applications and theoretical foundations of the AoI concept, which, in fact, is also a performance metric and an analysis tool. Of special interest is the role of AoI in bridging different disciplines and the use of AoI in the analysis and optimization involved in important applications
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574141 , 9783036574158
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: Psychopathology, including functional psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, and also dementia and challenging behaviour, is common in people with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and is the cause for a major public health concern. Much research has been conducted in the last three decades to understand this issue and develop effective interventions. Still, a lot remains unknown, for which high-quality translational research is urgently needed. In this Special Issue, we drew together research on recent advances addressing these issues. The areas covered included life expectancy among people with and without intellectual disabilities, the social and emotional development of people with intellectual disabilities and ASD, the influence of external environmental factors in determining aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities, parent and child training for children with autism and intellectual disabilities, how the presence of deafness influences quality of life, the views of prescribers on the deprescribing of antipsychotics among adults with intellectual disabilities, the views of people with intellectual disabilities who took part in the deprescribing, the views of direct-care workers on the causes of challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities, and the validation of tools to detect cognitive decline in adults with intellectual disabilities
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572550 , 9783036572543
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Antimicrobial Prescribing and Stewardship Issue (volume 1) consist of manuscripts, including original research, review articles, case series, and opinion papers for topics related to antimicrobial (antibiotic, antifungal) stewardship, including: Disease-based/organism-based antimicrobial stewardship;Diagnostic stewardship;Influence of antimicrobial utilisation changes in antimicrobial resistance;Impact of antimicrobial stewardship on quality performance measures and patient outcomes;Novel antimicrobial stewardship education and training approaches or interventions aimed at the public and/or healthcare workers;Behavioural change approaches to antimicrobial stewardship;Collaborative practice agreements in antimicrobial stewardship;Antimicrobial stewardship in special populations (e.g., paediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine, hematology/oncology);Tackling AMR through antimicrobial stewardship in low- and middle-income countries;Antimicrobial stewardship for animal health;Antimicrobial stewardship in alternative settings (e.g., community practice, long-term care, and resource-limited small and rural hospitals);Antimicrobial use and stewardship in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic;Global collaborations to tackle AMR through antimicrobial stewardship
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    ISBN: 9783036572147 , 9783036572154
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The first international Precision Agriculture Pakistan Conference (PAPC), in 2022, was held in person at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (PMAS-AAUR), Pakistan. The PAPC provided opportunities to local researchers to collaborate with national and international researchers in the field of Digital and Precision Agriculture through oral and poster presentations, exhibits, field demonstrations, as well as discussions and the exchange of information. The world’s leading Precision and Digital Agriculture researchers from Canada, China, the USA, Australia and Turkey gave keynote addresses during the PAPC 2022. The conference introduced new ideas, solutions and research in the agricultural sector, especially considering global climate change
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572826 , 9783036572833
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Mechanical engineering & materials
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the forming technologies and mechanical properties of advanced materials. Plastic working is the most efficient and an important manufacturing technology in today's industry. Plastic working technologies enable giving the material the appropriate functional properties, which depend on the rheological conditions of the plastic forming process and on the thermoplastic treatments carried out during the forming process. Metal processing is one of the most important sectors of the economy. In addition to the continuous improvement in the existing methods of plastic working, new technologies are also implemented, the purpose of which is to reduce the energy consumption of processing and the modernization of technological machines and tools. The subjects of research articles published in this reprint are multidisciplinary, including friction and lubrication in sheet metal forming, the single-point incremental forming of polymeric and lightweight metallic sheets, the optimization of shear spinning parameters and the cutting performance of cutting tools, the numerical and experimental analysis of titanium sheet forming, the mechanical and structural properties of titanium alloy subjected to impact-oscillatory loading, macro- and microdeformation characteristics of Ti-2.5Al-1.5Mn foil, and the optimisation of the thermomechanical process of nickel-based oxide-dispersion-strengthened superalloys
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566917 , 9783036566900
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Based on this evidence, a deep understanding of the immunological status and biological targets modulating immunological microenvironments should be quite informative for the development of future immunotherapy in HCC. From this point of view, this Special Issue will highlight the current state of the art in the immunotherapy of HCC from both the basic and clinical perspectives, and outline future perspectives for improving therapies
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9783036562124 , 9783036562117
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
    Abstract: Personalized medicine for Parkinson’s disease is a growing and emerging concept in light of recent recognition that Parkinson’s is a syndromic condition affecting multiple neurotransmitter systems, as well as brain and extracranial structures. The clinical expression is, thus, heterogeneous, and presentation age can range from the 30s to the 90s, with PD in older patients being associated with significant neuropathological comorbidity as well, involving not just misfolded alpha synuclein deposition but also amyloid and tau. Traditional and largely guideline-driven “one size fits all” management strategies adopted in clinical practice are, therefore, often inadequate in holistic management of a patient, particularly when aspects of motor and nonmotor symptoms are taken into consideration. In this supplement of JPM, we present a selection of papers which address several possible strands of personalized medicine in PD, ranging from genomic precision medicine to digital “checklists” to ensure delivery of holistic personalized medicine involving nonpharmacological strategies, as well. We are soliciting any papers addressing biomarkers, genetics and pharmacogenetics, treatment or complementary therapies for personalized or individualized treatment for PD
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036562353 , 9783036562360
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Service life prediction is crucial for the adoption of more sustainable solutions, allowing developers to optimize the costs and environmental impact of buildings during their life cycle. An accurate assessment of the service life of buildings requires a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms and behaviour of the construction materials. Building pathology assessment methods characterize the deterioration state of buildings, using specific measurable properties as indicators. Based on this information, different service life prediction methodologies can be defined to provide reliable data concerning the most probable failure time of whole buildings and individual components according to their characteristics and their age. This Special Issue provides new perspectives on the existing knowledge related with various aspects of the Assessment, Diagnosis and Service Life Prediction of buildings and their components. The ten original research studies published in this Special Issue result from research centres and university departments of Civil and Construction Engineering, Safety Management, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, and Architecture and the Built Environment, with relevant contributions from experts from Australia, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Iran, Israel, Norway, Portugal, and Taiwan. The studies included in this Special Issue address topics related to: Building pathology assessment methods; Diagnosis of defects in buildings and components; Appropriate intervention and repair techniques; Deterministic and stochastic service life prediction models
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565675 , 9783036565668
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The purpose of this Special Issue was to attract papers in the new era of sustainability and food packaging that address all major sectors of the food industry from cereals and confectionery to fruits and vegetables, meat, and dairy products
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563893 , 9783036563886
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint is the compilation of the articles submitted in the Special Issue entitled “Metallic or Metallic Oxide (Photo)catalysts for Environmental Applications” from the journal Catalysts, which gives an overview of the latest advances in the development of metallic or metallic oxide (photo)catalytic materials, with environmental applications for the elimination of organic pollutants or the valorization of biomass
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561424 , 9783036561417
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint contains original research and review chapters concerning the latest advancements in various topics related to pediatric fractures. Topics include fractures of the face, clavicle, shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, pelvis, femur, and tibia; special considerations focus on osteogenesis imperfecta patients; and consideration is also given to general pediatric fracture topics, such as the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality after pediatric trauma, the effects of NSAID and electronic cigarette use, and chapters on epidemiology and physical activity
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564708 , 9783036564715
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Future Trends in Advanced Materials and Processes” contains original high-quality research papers and comprehensive reviews addressing the relevant state-of-the-art topics in the area of materials focusing on relevant or innovative applications such as radiological hazard evaluations of non-metallic materials, composite materials' characterization, geopolymers, metallic biomaterials, etc
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561875 , 9783036561882
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563619 , 9783036563602
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (366 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Biomaterials are an integral component of tissue engineering, and their development is crucial to the progress of new and efficient approaches in the regenerative medicine of bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments, skin, soft-tissue wounds, cardiac muscle, vascular tissues, and neural tissues.Polymer-based biomaterials are extensively studied in the field of tissue engineering due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties. This Special Issue is devoted to recent developments of synthetic and/or natural biomaterial scaffolds, hydrogels, polypeptides, polymer-based composites, and composites based on polymers and inorganic materials, such as bioactive ceramics and glasses. New technologies (e.g., bioprinting, additive manufacturing, etc.) used to form biomaterials for tissue engineering of three-dimensional (3D) constructs are of particular interest
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561325 , 9783036561318
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Materials science
    Abstract: This reprint is a collection of papers in materials science and materials science with a focus on applications and social implementation. The core of this reprint is based on the papers presented at the symposia held at ISATE, an international conference organized by the Organization of National Colleges of Technology in Japan in cooperation with several countries worldwide. This is a compilation of these papers into a reprint. Therefore, this is a wide-ranging collection of papers, including interdisciplinary fields, such as mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, industrial chemistry, bioengineering, civil and architectural engineering, and agriculture. Science and technology are becoming more critical than ever to create a better future and pass the baton to the next generation in a suitable manner. For this purpose, materials science and materials engineering, which are the foundation of all industries, will become increasingly necessary for their implementation in society. We hope that this Special Issue reprint will be of great help to those who are experimenting with such objectives
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    ISBN: 9783036562261 , 9783036562254
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: This reprint contains several articles where the molecular mechanisms and structural changes in target proteins on interaction with various viruses and bacteria were studied. In addition, drug-protein interactions, drug–drug interaction mechanisms, anti-Glycating, antioxidant, binding affinity, network pharmacology-driven investigations, and targeted anticancer treatments were also investigated
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    ISBN: 9783036564302 , 9783036564319
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Metallurgy involves the art and science of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use. With thousands of years of development, many interdisciplinary technologies have been introduced into this traditional and large-scale industry. In modern metallurgical practices, modelling and simulation are widely used to provide solutions in the areas of design, control, optimization, and visualization, and are becoming increasingly significant in the progress of digital transformation and intelligent metallurgy. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Metallurgical Process Simulation and Optimization”, has been organized as a platform to present the recent advances in the field of modelling and optimization of metallurgical processes, which covers the processes of electric/oxygen steel-making, secondary metallurgy, (continuous) casting, and processing. Eighteen articles have been included that concern various aspects of the topic
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561851 , 9783036561868
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint focusses on achieving low-power computation using memristive devices. The topic was designed as a convenient reference point: it contains a mix of techniques starting from the fundamental manufacturing of memristive devices all the way to applications such as physically unclonable functions, and also covers perspectives on, e.g., in-memory computing, which is inextricably linked with emerging memory devices such as memristors. Finally, the reprint contains a few articles representing how other communities (from typical CMOS design to photonics) are fighting on their own fronts in the quest towards low-power computation, as a comparison with the memristor literature. We hope that readers will enjoy discovering the articles within
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9783036560915 , 9783036560922
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: With increasing requirements for energy, resources and space, rock engineering projects are being constructed more often and are operated in large-scale environments with complex geology. Meanwhile, rock failures and rock instabilities occur more frequently, and severely threaten the safety and stability of rock engineering projects. It is well-recognized that rock has multi-scale structures and involves multi-scale fracture processes. Meanwhile, rocks are commonly subjected simultaneously to complex static stress and strong dynamic disturbance, providing a hotbed for the occurrence of rock failures. In addition, there are many multi-physics coupling processes in a rock mass. It is still difficult to understand these rock mechanics and characterize rock behavior during complex stress conditions, multi-physics processes, and multi-scale changes. Therefore, our understanding of rock mechanics and the prevention and control of failure and instability in rock engineering needs to be furthered. The primary aim of this Special Issue “Mathematical Problems in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering” is to bring together original research discussing innovative efforts regarding in situ observations, laboratory experiments and theoretical, numerical, and big-data-based methods to overcome the mathematical problems related to rock mechanics and rock engineering. It includes 12 manuscripts that illustrate the valuable efforts for addressing mathematical problems in rock mechanics and rock engineering
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    ISBN: 9783036562919 , 9783036562926
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book focuses on recent advances in both theoretical and experimental studies of material behaviour at the micro- and nano-scales. Special attention is given to experimental studies of nanofilms, nanoparticles and nanocomposites as well as tooth defects. Various experimental techniques were used. Magneto- and thermoelastic coupling were considered, as were nonlocal models of thin structures
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    ISBN: 9783036561042 , 9783036561035
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036559698 , 9783036559704
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Clinical & internal medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue on CFS/ME collects 18 papers with an interdisciplinary view on the current demographic and epidemiological data and immunological characteristics of CFS/ME and examines the different pathogenic hypotheses, as well as giving information about the latest knowledge on diagnostic investigations, pharmacological, integrative, physical, cognitive-behavioral and psychological curative approaches
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563855 , 9783036563848
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This reprint is a compilation of ten publications, including original-research and review articles, and the accompanying editorial within the scope of a Special Issue entitled: "State of the Art in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis" published in Cells
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9783036557618 , 9783036557625
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (432 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: With the increasing requirements for energy, resources, and space, numerous rock engineering projects (e.g., mining, tunnelling, underground storage, and geothermal and petroleum engineering) are more often being constructed and operated in large-scale, deep underground, and complex geology environments. Meanwhile, more and more unconventional rock failures and rock instabilities (e.g., rockbursts, large-scale collapses, and mine earthquakes) are occurring and severely threatening the safety of underground operations. It is well-recognized that rocks have multiscale structures from minerals, particles, fractures, fissures, joints, and stratification to faults and involve multiscale fracture processes. In the deep earth, rocks are commonly subjected to complex high-stress and strong-dynamic disturbances simultaneously. In addition, there are many multiphysics coupling processes, such as the coupled thermo-hydromechanical interaction in fractured porous rocks. It is still difficult to understand rock mechanics and to characterize rock behaviors with complex stress conditions, multiphysics processes, and multiscale changes. The primary aim of this Special Issue is to bring together original research discussing innovative efforts on analytical, numerical, and big-data-based methods in rock mechanics. It includes 25 manuscripts that illustrate the richness and challenging nature of deep rock mechanics
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570419 , 9783036570402
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: Currently, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is the most complex and challenging disease known to humankind. Due to the complex underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, as well as the intrinsic limitations of conventional cancer therapies, the effective treatment of cancer remains a great challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies with superior anticancer ability urgently need to be discovered. In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated and applied as alternatives to conventional cancer treatments. Cancer nanomedicines aim to achieve the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor site, utilizing strategies such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimuli-triggered drug release, while simultaneously decreasing drug accumulation in normal tissues, which together lead to improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, several cancer nanomedicines are in regular use, and several others are in various stages of development.This Special Issue will highlight recent progress in the development of novel nanomedicines and targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570365 , 9783036570372
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The automotive industry has always been synonymous with research and innovation, but nowadays the industry is adding pressure and is establishing the agenda of the researchers from the field. Visions have been provided, and the hardware and the software exist; the only question remaining is: “who is going to deliver”? To answer this question, we encouraged scientists, researchers, industry specialists, and academics to share their vision of autonomous vehicles. What will the platform look like? What kind of hardware and software is most suitable? Who will make the connection between these two interdependent environments (and how), so that in the end the AI will define the process? These are the pressing issues of the current moment, and this Special Issue will help all those interested in the topic to promote their vision and ideas. Since the automotive field does not belong to a classical scientific field but has become an independent self-made scientific branch, all those who felt that they could contribute to this highly dynamic environment were requested to join in promoting their particular research or reviews in this Special Issue coordinated from both academia and the industry
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569406 , 9783036569413
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Semiconductor lasers are carriers of both energy for industry and information for optical communications. The recent progress in research on semiconductor lasers has offered new perspectives regarding both their material growth and structural design. Most of the papers are review papers that briefly overview different types of semiconductors. Some of the papers include the newest research results. We all hope that this Special Issue can shed light on recent advances in the field of semiconductor lasers and their applications so that most of the readers’ concerns about semiconductor lasers can be addressed and a conversation can be initiated
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    ISBN: 9783036570037 , 9783036570020
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Steroids are essential hormones that regulate biological processes across their lifespan. Steroid hormone production and action must be tightly controlled otherwise there can be detrimental effects on physiological function leading to disease. This reprint contains original and review articles by experts at the cutting edge of their fields published in a Special Issue on the “Molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone biosynthesis and action” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The topics include: 1) Steroid hormone biosynthesis, including substrate availability, mechanism of steroidogenic enzyme action, and the impact of mutations; 2) Molecular and cellular regulation of steroidogenesis, including steroidogenic cell response to hormone stimulation, signaling pathways, kinases, transcription factors, and gene expression; 3) Molecular mechanisms of endocrine disruptor action on steroidogenic cells; and 4) New tools and approaches to detect and study steroid hormones
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569161 , 9783036569178
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Tumor progression is linked to a switch in the balance between positive and negative regulators, and mainly depends on the release by inflammatory or neoplastic cells of specific growth factors. Inflammatory infiltration contributes to tumor progression and metastatic process, and there are many reports of associations between tumor inflammatory infiltration, progression and prognosis. New therapeutic approaches have been developed with the aim to control tumor progression through the targeting of different components of the tumor microenvironment. This reprint will be useful for anyone who wants to learn about cancer: professors and students at universities, scientists at research institutes, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical labs, and lawyers trying to understand the patent literature
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    ISBN: 9783036569987 , 9783036569994
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: The development of in vivo neuroimaging techniques has yielded an incredible amount of digital information about the brain. Neuroimaging techniques are increasingly being used to study human cognitive processes, create brain–machine interfaces, and also to identify and diagnose certain brain disorders. Currently, neuroscientists and medics actively use different methods for brain scans, including electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electrocorticography (ECoG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Recent advances in signal processing and machine learning for neuroimaging data using various signal processing methods have made impressive progress in solving a number of practical tasks in medicine, healthcare, neuroscience, biomedical engineering, brain–machine interfaces, and cognitive science, to name but a few. This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for academic and industrial communities to present and discuss the latest theoretical and experimental results related to recent advances in neuroimaging data processing in terms of new theories, algorithms, architectures, and applications
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9783036572017 , 9783036572000
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: The Special Issue "Focus on Antibiotics - New Challenges and Steps Forward in Discovery and Development" addresses the latest efforts towards discovering new antibiotics. The articles in this Special Issue cover various topics concerning antibacterial drugs. They provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the field of antibiotic research and offer innovative solutions to tackle the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. The content of this Special Issue addresses antibacterial quinolones of the latest generation, new tetracyclines (such as glycylcyclines, aminomethylcyclines, and fluorocyclines), metal complexes (Ru (II/III) frameworks and Co(III) complexes with diamine chelate ligands), various nanoparticles (gold, silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles), bioactive compounds produced by Mixobacterials species, anti-mycobacterial compounds acting as phosphopantetheinyl transferase inhibitors. The research in this Special Issue will contribute to pharmaceutics and ultimately contribute to developing new and effective antibiotics. We are grateful to the authors for their contributions and hope this Special Issue will stimulate further research and discussion on antibiotics. We also thank the reviewers for their time and expertise, and the editorial team for supporting this Special Issue. Finally, we hope this Special Issue will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers working towards a future where antibiotics remain vital in our fight against infectious diseases
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570624 , 9783036570631
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Diet contributes to the development of many chronic conditions including obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, some cancers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and potentially some neurological diseases. This reprint addresses associations between diet (and specific nutrients including vitamin D) and various chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurological conditions, and age-related macular degeneration. More specifically, the impacts of plant-based diets, dairy products, and ketogenic diets are explored in relation to chronic disease risk as well as some benefits of the consumption of oral nutritional supplements in the prevention of malnutrition and sarcopenia and in the treatment of wounds in individuals with diabetes. Additional topics that are covered include some roles of the fatty acid arachidonic acid in the body and the impact of cellular mitochondrial dysfunction on the progression of age-related macular degeneration. The effectiveness of a variety of nutraceuticals is covered as a means for the prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Lastly, the use of olive oil in reducing gut permeability in those with pre-diabetes is addressed, as well as the complex relationships of diet/food and of disease (metabolic syndrome) with the gut microbiota
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    ISBN: 9783036570334 , 9783036570327
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (700 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Novel Anticancer Strategies (Volume II) reviews important findings and updates within the cancer therapy field of great interest to those in academic research studying the development and validation of novel anticancer approaches. The Editor invited preeminent specialists to contribute to original and review articles devoted to key areas of major progress and expectations. Key Features:Nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer therapy;Nanoerythrosomes;Cancer immunotherapy;Therapeutic vaccines;Oncogenic and tumor suppressive components of the cell cycle;Antimitotics in cancer clinical trials;Multifunctional enzymes as anti-cancer drug targets;Targeting undruggable proteins and non-coding RNAs;Cell-penetrating peptides;Repurposed cancer drugs in clinical trials;Circulating tumour cells
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567242 , 9783036567259
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Materials science
    Abstract: Nanocomposites have the potential for novel material properties that significantly exceed the capabilities of their individual constituent phases, thereby enabling the exploration of gaps in material property charts. In this book, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of the art, enabling the investigation of novel structural and functional material properties through better understanding and implementation of nanocomposite design. The covered properties of interest encompass the whole material usage span, starting from the structural modifications of nanocomposites by employing different synthesis routes, to assessing their microstructure-dependent mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, and high-temperature stability. Furthermore, we address the functional characteristics of nanocomposites, such as soft magnetic properties or thermoelectricity, as well as tailored property adjustment through design strategies (bioinspired design, chemical sensitivity, bio sensing). Thus, the included contributions detail methods for the synthesis, characterization, modeling, and in-depth understanding of the mechanisms governing the outstanding properties of this fascinating material class
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    ISBN: 9783036569871 , 9783036569864
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The second volume of the Special Issue on “Micro-Electro Discharge Machining: Principles, Recent Advancements and Applications” confirms the growing interest in the micro-EDM technology as a suitable and efficient technology for machining novel, multilateral components, with demanding requirements in terms of precision, accuracy, and productivity.This volume consists of 10 original research papers which involve several approaches to micro-EDM and cover the enhancement of the process performance, such as the material removal rate, surface roughness, or machining accuracy, using advanced optimization methods. Some studies also consider several dielectric fluid additives and investigate the processability of new materials. Others investigate the combination of Reverse-micro-EDM with laser beam micromachining or explore new applications for the micro-EDM for fabricating antimicrobial nanosilver colloid
    Note: English
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  • 87
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570150 , 9783036570143
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Oncology
    Abstract: Sarcomas are a group of rare cancers that arise in connective tissues of the body. Surgical resection is pivotal for the management of locoregional disease. In locally advanced or metastatic disease settings, systemic therapy has an important role in the multidisciplinary management of sarcoma. Cytotoxic therapy has been the primary treatment for many years. However, recent advances in molecular pathogenesis, the investigation of the tumour microenvironment, changes in clinical trial design, and increased international collaboration have led to the development of histology-driven therapy. Furthermore, genomic profiling has highlighted that, while some sarcomas have complex karyotypes, others are driven by translocation, amplification, and mutation, representing targets for the development of novel therapies. Checkpoint inhibitors have been used as single agents or in combination in clinical sarcoma trials. This progress will move the therapeutic modality in sarcoma patients from the “one-size-fits-all” approach towards a more personalized therapeutic algorithm and better outcomes soon. In this Special Issue, we present original research and review articles highlighting novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of sarcoma patients
    Note: English
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  • 88
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570778 , 9783036570761
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology
    Abstract: Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins. This largest amino acid serves as the precursor for the important endogenous indoleamines serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin that act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Kynurenic acid is the most potent endogenous antiexitotoxic agent. Other highly relevant pathways of tryptophan are the reversible transamination to indole-3-pyruvate with formation related indolic acids that act as potent antioxidant agents. Tryptophan metabolites, such as melatonin, and structurally related agents, such as indole-3-propionic acid, act as potent catalytic antioxidants and bioenergetic agents that facilitate regeneration and protection against stress and aging. Several indole compounds act as uremic toxins since these agents can induce radical formation that is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and damage. The exploration of the effects of these protective and toxic tryptophan derived agents has revealed important molecular mechanisms and mediators of adaptation and aging. Research on tryptophan in nutrition and health can facilitate the development of new approaches to extend human health and life span. Amino acids are the building blocks of life that enable repair, as well as recycling and regeneration. Research on nutrients like amino acids, such as tryptophan and its metabolites, as well as peptides and proteins, or extracts containing this molecular metabolism modifiers can improve health. Research into the indololome is a new emerging and rapidly growing field of utmost relevance to science and society
    Note: English
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  • 89
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569185 , 9783036569192
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Physiology
    Abstract: This reprint is about vitamin D, a molecule that can be absorbed from certain foods, such as fatty fish, which can also be produced endogenously when we expose our skin to sufficient doses of ultraviolet B radiation. When vitamin D is metabolized into 1,25(OH)2D3 (also called calcitriol), it acts as a high-affinity ligand for the transcription factor VDR, i.e., it has direct effects on gene regulation. The key physiological functions of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which is essential for bone mineralization, and the modulation of the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and preventing overreactions of adaptive immunity. This reprint presents recent developments and the latest research in the fascinating broad range of today’s vitamin D biology, from evolution to systems biology
    Note: English
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  • 90
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570884 , 9783036570891
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In order to be able to analyze and give proper advice on sport techniques, it is important to understand the biomechanical and physiological demands of different sports. In a coaching situation, feedback to the athlete should be given without too much delay. Over the past decades, sensor technology-related to sports monitoring has developed with huge steps. Senors are lighter, data transmission is mostly wireless, and software applications are more user-friendly. This reprint is addressed to all kinds of sensors that are currently being used for monitoring different sports
    Note: English
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  • 91
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036571249 , 9783036571256
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The welfare of an individual could be severely affected by stressful events. Mainly for this reason, the scientific community is interested in finding specific and quantifiable characteristics which could indicate or predict specific signs of acute or chronic stress exposure. The aim of this reprint is to reflect this interest in the field of companion animal physiology. The authors engaged in publishing this reprint are experts in the multiple mechanisms involved in stress response, including the detection of behavioral and physical signs which can be measured through biological indicators of homeostasis displacement. The editors strongly believe this topic will be of interest not only to researchers in this field, but also to dog trainers, dog shelter workers and veterinary behaviorists
    Note: English
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  • 92
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567082 , 9783036567099
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: An integral part of homeostasis includes daily rhythms in physiology, behavior, and metabolism. The circadian timing system enables organisms to adapt their biological functions to the cyclic nature of the Earth. Sleep is a fundamental physiological function, playing a crucial role in physical, mental and emotional health. Alterations of sleep quality and quantity caused by modern lifestyle and behavior as well sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases. Chronic misalignment of endogenous rhythms can also lead to metabolic dysfunction. Research is starting to demonstrate the complex interrelationship between nutrition, sleep and the circadian system. For example, some foods and nutrients may impact the availability of substances that influence sleep. On the other hand, inadequate sleep is associated with an unhealthy nutrient intake and altered metabolism. Nutrients can act as drivers of circadian rhythms; they have the ability to influence circadian regulation and alter biological functions in specific tissues. A lacuna still exists in the knowledge surrounding the interplay of nutrition with sleep and the circadian system. In light of this, novel opportunities are disclosed for developing tailored nutritional recommendations with beneficial effects on sleep and circadian rhythmicity so as to improve life quality and prevent disease. The purpose of this Special Issue is therefore to collect contributions regarding this interplay and the related clinical implications
    Note: English
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9783036564111 , 9783036564104
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, diagnosed after the 20th week of gestation in women experiencing new-onset hypertension along with symptoms affecting the liver, kidneys, or brain. In some cases, women with preeclampsia develop novel seizures or unexplained coma, at which time they are diagnosed with eclampsia. The mechanisms contributing to preeclampsia and eclampsia are not fully elucidated, although the placenta seems to play a critical role. Previous studies suggest that improper placentation stimulates mitochondrial dysfunction and the exaggerated release of placental-derived molecules including inflammatory cytokines, anti-angiogenic factors, reactive oxygen species, and cell-free nucleic acids into the maternal circulation that cause systemic vascular dysfunction. These, along with maternally derived molecules, act in concert, leading to hypertension and target organ damage during pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and eclampsia.In this reprint, we present the original research articles and review papers published as part of the Special Issue: "The Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia" in Cells
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564890 , 9783036564906
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The reprint is devoted to the phenomena associated with exact or approximate axial symmetry in different areas of technical physics and mechanical engineering science. How can the symmetry of the problem be used most efficiently for its analysis? Why is the symmetry broken or why is it still approximately retained? These and other questions are discussed based on systems from different fields of engineering
    Note: English
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  • 95
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036560878 , 9783036560885
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The Special Issue provides twelve contributions, of which three original articles, seven narrative reviews, one systematic review, and one meta-analysis that, altogether, offer a multifaceted and multidisciplinary overview that allows to draw a picture as intriguing and fascinating as possible on the benefits of curcumin and also to suggest potential fields of activities still to be explored. Among the biological activities exerted by curcumin, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties reported in many studies make it a potential effective tool in preventing and counteracting chronic-degenerative diseases, very often associated with obesity and aging, such as cardiovascular diseases, T2D, metabolic dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, all of them characterized by the presence of oxidative and inflammatory processes. The main concerns that arise from the evaluation of the preventive/therapeutic effects of curcumin are, first of all, the still small number of randomized placebo-control studies available; in addition, small sample sizes have generally been considered, and different protocols and different formulations as well as different routes of administration of curcumin have been used. Thus, it is quite difficult to compare the results and to provide a standard protocol for the use of this promising natural compound. For these reasons, and taking in account the growing use of curcumin by the general population, further investigations to confirm and expand current findings are mandatory and research on curcumin and its effects on human health have to be fostered and promoted
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563411 , 9783036563404
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: The Special Issue consists of 13 submitted papers. We acknowledge all authors for their contributions. We recognize that interest in the topics is expanding and are confident that the findings are beneficial to our readers
    Note: English
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9783036563350 , 9783036563343
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM), as an advanced manufacturing technology, has overturned the traditional concept of subtractive manufacturing. It has revolutionized advanced integrated structural design, high-performance material preparation, and the manufacturing of complex components. AM technology is changing the way products are developed, produced, and commercialized, leading to disruptive changes in the economy and society. AM technology has received extensive attention and research from the research community since its inception, and it is leading manufacturing technology and continues to be used with great effectiveness in the aerospace industry, automotive industry, medical plant applications, and many other fields. However, the development of additive manufacturing still faces demanding technical challenges; for example, due to insufficient process planning and inadequate process control, many defects are often observed in the products of AM processes, reducing production efficiency and deteriorating product quality. To promote AM technology toward high efficiency, high precision, high performance, and low cost in a green and intelligent direction, many advanced design and manufacturing technologies are in urgent need of further breakthroughs, such as numerical and analytical models for structural design, experimental methods, performance prediction, and process optimization
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563527 , 9783036563534
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in a variety of biomedical and pharmacological applications. Particularly, collagen-based biomaterials have been extensively applied in various biomedical fields, such as scaffolds in tissue engineering. However, there are many challenges associated with the use of mammalian collagen, including the issues of religious constrains, allergic or autoimmune reactions, and the spread of animal diseases. Over the past few decades, marine collagen (MC) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical and pharmacological applications. Marine organisms are a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active compounds, and to date, many biological components have been isolated from various marine resources. MC offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its water solubility, low immunogenicity, safety, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, functionality, and low production costs. Due to its characteristics and physicobiochemical properties, it has tremendous potential for use as a scaffold biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in drug delivery systems, and as a therapeutic. In this Special Issue, we encourage submissions related to the recent developments, advancements, trends, challenges, and future perspectives in this new research field. We expect to receive contributions from different areas of multidisciplinary research, including—but not restricted to—extraction, purification, characterization, fabrication, and experimentation of MC, with a particular focus on their biotechnological, biomedical and pharmacological uses
    Note: English
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9783036562575 , 9783036562582
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on wear and fatigue analysis, the dynamic properties of coating surfaces in transmission systems, and non-destructive condition monitoring for the health management of transmission systems. Transmission systems play a vital role in various types of industrial structure, including wind turbines, vehicles, mining and material-handling equipment, offshore vessels, and aircrafts. Surface wear is an inevitable phenomenon during the service life of transmission systems (such as on gearboxes, bearings, and shafts), and wear propagation can reduce the durability of the contact coating surface. As a result, the performance of the transmission system can degrade significantly, which can cause sudden shutdown of the whole system and lead to unexpected economic loss and accidents. Therefore, to ensure adequate health management of the transmission system, it is necessary to investigate the friction, vibration, and dynamic properties of its contact coating surface and monitor its operating conditions
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036560700 , 9783036560694
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM) is a revolutionary advanced digital manufacturing technology developed in recent decades, which is also a key strategic technology for technological innovation and industrial sustainability. This technology unlocks the design and constraints of traditional manufacturing and meets the needs of complex geometry fabrication and high-performance part fabrication. A deeper understanding of the design, materials, processes, structures, properties and applications is desired to produce novel functional devices, as well as defect-free structurally sound and reliable LAM parts.The topics in this Special Issue reprint include macro- and micro-scale additive manufacturing with lasers, such as structure/material design, fabrication, modeling and simulation, in situ characterization of additive manufacturing processes and ex situ materials characterization and performance, with an overview that covers various applications in aerospace, biomedicine, optics and energy.In this Special Issue reprint, papers on different subjects were published after the high-quality reviewing process, with a total of 17 contributions (1 editorial, 2 review papers and 14 original research papers) and times viewed being over 13K (as of Nov 15 2022). Six articles were selected as Editor’s Choice, and one article was selected as the Issue Cover (Volume 13, Issue 8)
    Note: English
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