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  • Online Resource  (2,813)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,813)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (1,929)
  • Graue Literatur  (976)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.20
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Parental emotional support, alongside material and temporal support, is an important determinant of children's subjective well-being and academic success. However, not all children benefit from the same level of parental support, and there are major differences depending on families' socio-economic status and child gender. Using the PISA 2018 surveys, this paper examines differences in parental support reported by 15-year-olds both within countries according to social status and between girls and boys, and between countries. We show that differences in parental emotional support by parents' education level and child gender are substantial. Some of these differences are (largely) explained by other characteristics such as family wealth, country of origin, and school urbanicity and private/public status. Greater parental emotional support is also found to be associated with higher PISA test scores and greater subjective wellbeing, with little variation by parental education. On the whole, our findings suggest that a significant enhancement in parental support and related child outcomes, especially in countries with lower average levels of parental emotional support, can be attained through a combined effort on several fronts: by addressing monetary and material poverty within families, by facilitating parents in balancing work and taking care of their children, by promoting greater parental involvement in their children's school life, and by offering appropriate services to assist families with special needs and facing greater challenges.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264646179
    Language: Croatian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Croatia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia
    Abstract: Ovaj profil daje sažet i usmjeren pregled stanja zdravstvenog sustava u Hrvatskoj, kao dio šire serije Zdravstvenih profila zemalja iz projekta Stanje zdravlja u EU. Predstavlja sažetu analizu koja obuhvaća sljedeće ključne aspekte: zdravstveno stanje stanovništva u Hrvatskoj; odrednice zdravlja, s naglaskom na čimbenike rizika u ponašanju; organizacija hrvatskog zdravstvenog sustava; te procjena njegove učinkovitosti, pristupačnosti i otpornosti. Štoviše, izdanje za 2023. godinu predstavlja tematski dio o stanju mentalnog zdravlja i službi za mentalno zdravlje u Hrvatskoj. Ovaj profil je zajednički napor OECD-a i Europskog opservatorija za zdravstveni sustav i politiku, koji se provodi u suradnji s Europskom komisijom.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264604582
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Luxembourg: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Ce profil fournit un aperçu concis de l'état de santé et du système de santé au Luxembourg, dans le cadre de la série des profils de santé par pays de l'initiative sur l'état de santé dans l'UE. Il présente une analyse succincte de l'état de santé de la population au Luxembourg ; les déterminants de la santé, en mettant l'accent sur les facteurs de risque comportementaux ; l'organisation du système de santé luxembourgeois ; et une évaluation de l'efficacité, l'accessibilité et la résilience du système de santé. L'édition 2023 présente aussi une section thématique sur la santé mentale au Luxembourg. Ce profil est le fruit d'une collaboration entre l'OCDE et l'Observatoire européen des systèmes et des politiques de santé, en coopération avec la Commission Européenne.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Economic insecurity in Europe and potential policy responses
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Avec les mutations économiques et technologiques enregistrées au cours des dernières décennies, les perspectives économiques individuelles sont aujourd’hui plus incertaines qu’autrefois. La présente synthèse résume les principales conclusions du rapport Un équilibre précaire ? Instabilité des revenus et insécurité économique en Europe, le premier produit par l’Observatoire de l’OCDE sur la mobilité sociale et l’égalité des chances. Ses auteurs ont fait appel à des techniques innovantes pour identifier les catégories de population en situation d’insécurité économique dans les pays européens de l’OCDE – autrement dit celles qui sont les plus exposées et les plus vulnérables à l’instabilité des revenus – et pour déterminer comment l’évolution des revenus et l’insécurité économique influencent les conditions de vie des individus, la mobilité sociale et les inégalités. Il passe également en revue une série de mesures propres à rendre la protection sociale plus réactive afin d’améliorer le soutien apporté à ceux dont les revenus sont instables et étudient des solutions qui permettraient d’aider ceux que l’insécurité économique guette plus particulièrement à constituer des réserves financières.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264813205
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Romania: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Romania
    Abstract: Acest profil oferă o imagine de ansamblu concisă și axată pe politici a stării de sănătate și a sistemului de sănătate din România, ca parte a seriei mai ample de profiluri de sănătate de țară din cadrul inițiativei "Starea de sănătate în UE". Acesta prezintă o analiză succintă care cuprinde următoarele aspecte-cheie: starea actuală a sănătății în România; factorii determinanți ai sănătății, cu accent pe factorii de risc comportamentali; organizarea sistemului de sănătate din România; și o evaluare a eficacității, accesibilității și rezilienței sistemului de sănătate. În plus, ediția 2023 prezintă o secțiune tematică privind starea sănătății mintale și a serviciilor asociate în România. Acest profil reprezintă efortul de colaborare al OCDE și al Observatorului European pentru Sisteme și Politici de Sănătate, realizat în cooperare cu Comisia Europeană.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264651678
    Language: Estonian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estonia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia
    Abstract: Käesolev profiil annab lühida ja poliitikakeskse ülevaate Eesti rahvastiku tervisest ja Eesti tervishoiusüsteemist, osana laiemast "Tervise olukord ELis" riikide terviseprofiilide sarjast. Selles esitatakse kokkuvõtlik analüüs, mis hõlmab järgmisi põhiaspekte: rahvastiku tervise olukord Eestis; tervisemõjurid, keskendudes käitumuslikele riskiteguritele; Eesti tervishoiusüsteemi korraldus; ning hinnang tervishoiusüsteemi tõhususele, kättesaadavusele ja säilenõtkusele. Lisaks esitatakse 2023. aasta väljaandes temaatiline osa vaimse tervise ja sellega seotud teenuste olukorra kohta Eestis. See profiil on OECD ja Euroopa tervishoiusüsteemide ja -poliitika vaatluskeskuse koostööprojekt, valminud koostööna Euroopa Komisjoniga.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264362321
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Portugal: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Portugal
    Abstract: Este perfil providencia uma visão geral e concisa, centrada nas políticas, sobre o estado da saúde e o sistema de saúde portugueses, fazendo parte da série mais alargada de perfis de saúde nacionais da iniciativa “O Estado de Saúde na UE”. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sucinta que engloba os seguintes aspectos fundamentais: o estado atual da saúde em Portugal; os determinantes da saúde, em particular os factores de risco comportamentais; a organização do sistema de saúde português; e uma avaliação da eficácia, acessibilidade e resiliência do sistema de saúde. Adicionalmente, a edição de 2023 apresenta uma secção temática sobre o estado da saúde mental e serviços associados em Portugal. Este perfil resulta da colaboração entre a OCDE e o Observatório Europeu dos Sistemas e Políticas de Saúde, em cooperação com a Comissão Europeia.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264317017
    Language: Finnish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Finland: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Abstract: Tässä profiilissa esitetään tiivis ja politiikkaan keskittyvä yleiskatsaus Suomen terveydentilaan ja terveydenhuoltojärjestelmään osana laajempaa State of Health in the EU -aloitteen maakohtaisten terveysprofiilien sarjaa. Siinä esitetään tiivis analyysi, joka kattaa seuraavat keskeiset näkökohdat: Suomen nykyinen terveydentila, terveyden taustatekijät, erityisesti käyttäytymiseen liittyvät riskitekijät, Suomen terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän organisaatio sekä arviointi terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän tehokkuudesta, saatavuudesta ja joustavuudesta. Lisäksi vuoden 2023 painoksessa esitetään temaattinen osio mielenterveyden ja siihen liittyvien palvelujen tilasta Suomessa. Tämä profiili on OECD:n ja Euroopan terveydenhuoltojärjestelmien ja -politiikkojen seurantakeskuksen yhteistyössä Euroopan komission kanssa toteuttama yhteistyöhanke.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264793422 , 9789264940079 , 9789264402904
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rethinking Health System Performance Assessment: A Renewed Framework
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les systèmes de santé sont soumis à de fortes pressions pour s'adapter à l'évolution des besoins ainsi qu’aux grandes tendances induites par le vieillissement de la population, la transition numérique et le changement climatique. Ils doivent également être mieux préparés à répondre aux chocs soudains et de grande ampleur tels que ceux générés par les pandémies, les crises financières, les catastrophes naturelles ou les cyberattaques. Cette évolution du contexte politique et ces défis nouveaux appellent à revoir la manière dont les pays de l'OCDE évaluent la performance des systèmes de santé afin de leur permettre de répondre aux besoins et aux préférences des citoyens en matière de santé, tout en fournissant des soins de qualité pour tous. Ce document présente le nouveau cadre d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé de l'OCDE. Il intègre de nouvelles dimensions de la performance, notamment la question des soins centrés sur la personne, la résilience et le développement durable, et met davantage l'accent sur la lutte contre les inégalités, y compris celles liées au genre. Ce cadre s'appuie sur les efforts déjà déployés par l'OCDE dans ces domaines et intègre les avancées les plus récentes en matière d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé. En proposant des définitions communes et en favorisant une compréhension partagée entre décideurs, parties prenantes et organisations, le cadre renouvelé facilitera la collaboration internationale. En outre, il permettra l'élaboration de futurs indicateurs, facilitera la collecte de données, l'analyse des politiques et l'intégration des savoirs.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264715295
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Latvia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: Šis profils sniedz kodolīgu un uz politiku vērstu pārskatu par veselības stāvokli un veselības aprūpes sistēmu Latvijā, kas ir daļa no plašākas iniciatīvas "Veselības stāvoklis ES" valstu veselības profilu sērijas. Tajā sniegta kodolīga analīze, kas ietver šādus galvenos aspektus: pašreizējo veselības stāvokli Latvijā, veselību noteicošos faktorus, pievēršot uzmanību uzvedības riska faktoriem, Latvijas veselības aprūpes sistēmas organizāciju un veselības aprūpes sistēmas efektivitātes, pieejamības un noturības novērtējumu. Turklāt 2023. gada izdevumā ir iekļauta tematiskā sadaļa par garīgās veselības stāvokli un ar to saistītajiem pakalpojumiem Latvijā. Šis profils ir ESAO un Eiropas Veselības sistēmu un politikas novērošanas centra kopdarbs, kas veikts sadarbībā ar Eiropas Komisiju.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264321717
    Language: Slovenian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovenia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia
    Abstract: Ta profil je del širše serije zdravstvenih profilov držav v okviru pobude Stanje zdravja v EU in vsebuje jedrnat in politično usmerjen pregled zdravstvenega stanja in sistema zdravstvenega varstva v Sloveniji. Predstavlja jedrnato analizo, ki zajema naslednje ključne vidike: trenutno zdravstveno stanje v Sloveniji, determinante zdravja s poudarkom na vedenjskih dejavnikih tveganja, organizacijo slovenskega zdravstvenega sistema ter oceno učinkovitosti, dostopnosti in odpornosti zdravstvenega sistema. Poleg tega je v izdaji za leto 2023 predstavljeno tematsko poglavje o stanju duševnega zdravja in z njim povezanih storitev v Sloveniji. Ta profil je rezultat sodelovanja OECD in Evropskega observatorija za zdravstvene sisteme in politike, ki je bil izveden v sodelovanju z Evropsko komisijo.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.89
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff are central to promoting young children’s development, learning and well-being. Novice staff, defined as staff with up to three years of experience, account for 27% of staff in TALIS Starting Strong 2018. Novice staff are generally less educated than experienced staff in terms of the level of educational attainment and education or training with a focus specifically on working with children. More novice staff than experienced staff report a strong need for additional professional development in several areas, including “classroom/playgroup/group management” and “working with parents or families”. Policy approaches to support novice staff in ECEC can include ensuring that initial education prepares novice staff for their jobs by providing relevant knowledge specifically on working with children, supporting novice staff to engage in ongoing professional development, and clarifying how novice staff can progress professionally.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264439276
    Language: Czech
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Czechia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czechia
    Abstract: Tento profil poskytuje stručný a politicky zaměřený přehled o zdravotním stavu a systému zdravotní péče v Česku, který je součástí širší série zdravotních profilů zemí v rámci iniciativy Stav zdraví v EU. Představuje stručnou analýzu zahrnující následující klíčové aspekty: současný zdravotní stav v Česku, determinanty zdraví se zaměřením na rizikové faktory chování, organizaci českého zdravotnického systému a hodnocení účinnosti, dostupnosti a odolnosti zdravotnického systému. Vydání pro rok 2023 navíc přináší tematickou část věnovanou stavu duševního zdraví a souvisejících služeb v Česku. Tento profil vznikl ve spolupráci OECD a Evropské observatoře zdravotnických systémů a politik ve spolupráci s Evropskou komisí.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264769946
    Language: Polish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Poland: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Abstract: Niniejszy profil stanowi zwięzły i ukierunkowany na politykę przegląd stanu zdrowia i systemu opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce, będący częścią szerszej serii krajowych profili zdrowotnych w ramach inicjatywy State of Health in the EU. Przedstawiono w nim zwięzłą analizę obejmującą następujące kluczowe aspekty: obecny stan zdrowia w Polsce; uwarunkowania zdrowia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem behawioralnych czynników ryzyka; organizację polskiego systemu opieki zdrowotnej; oraz ocenę skuteczności, dostępności i odporności systemu opieki zdrowotnej. Ponadto edycja 2023 zawiera sekcję tematyczną dotyczącą stanu zdrowia psychicznego i powiązanych z nim usług w Polsce. Niniejszy profil jest wspólnym wysiłkiem OECD i Europejskiego Obserwatorium Polityki i Systemów Opieki Zdrowotnej, realizowanym we współpracy z Komisją Europejską.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264782389
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Greece: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece
    Abstract: Tο παρόν προφίλ παρέχει μια συνοπτική και επικεντρωμένη στην πολιτική επισκόπηση της κατάστασης της υγείας και του συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης στην Ελλάδα, ως μέρος της ευρύτερης σειράς προφίλ υγείας χωρών της πρωτοβουλίας "Η κατάσταση της υγείας στην ΕΕ". Παρουσιάζει μια συνοπτική ανάλυση που περιλαμβάνει τις ακόλουθες βασικές πτυχές: την τρέχουσα κατάσταση της υγείας στην Ελλάδα, τους καθοριστικούς παράγοντες της υγείας, με έμφαση στους παράγοντες κινδύνου συμπεριφοράς, την οργάνωση του ελληνικού συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης και μια αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας, της προσβασιμότητας και της ανθεκτικότητας του συστήματος υγείας. Επιπλέον, η έκδοση του 2023 παρουσιάζει μια θεματική ενότητα για την κατάσταση της ψυχικής υγείας και των σχετικών υπηρεσιών στην Ελλάδα. Το προφίλ αυτό αποτελεί κοινή προσπάθεια του ΟΟΣΑ και του Ευρωπαϊκού Παρατηρητηρίου Συστημάτων και Πολιτικών Υγείας, που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε συνεργασία με την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264867604 , 9789264579644 , 9789264438736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (261 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; EU-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cancer causes almost a quarter of all deaths in the EU27, Norway and Iceland, with five new cancer cases diagnosed every minute in 2022. Assessing and improving cancer care from prevention to treatment is essential for promoting longer, healthier lives. This report addresses the latest trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the EU and reviews key cancer risk factors, cancer screening programmes and early diagnoses, and issues in the provision of high-quality cancer care. Country performance, cross-cutting challenges and new developments are examined with a particular focus on disparities by regions, socio-economic status and gender. The report provides policy makers with fiscal, regulatory and health systems organisation tools, as well as examples of initiatives that can be undertaken in primary care, workplaces, and schools to better control cancer and counter inequalities.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264770171
    Language: Lithuanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lithuania: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Šiame profilyje glaustai apžvelgiama Lietuvos sveikatos būklė ir sveikatos priežiūros sistema, atsižvelgiant į platesnę iniciatyvos "Sveikatos būklė ES" šalių sveikatos profilių seriją. Jame pateikiama glausta analizė, apimanti šiuos pagrindinius aspektus: dabartinę Lietuvos sveikatos būklę, sveikatą lemiančius veiksnius, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant elgsenos rizikos veiksniams, Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros sistemos organizavimą ir sveikatos sistemos veiksmingumo, prieinamumo ir atsparumo vertinimą. Be to, 2023 m. leidime pateikiamas teminis skyrius apie psichikos sveikatos būklę ir susijusias paslaugas Lietuvoje. Šis profilis yra bendras EBPO ir Europos sveikatos sistemų ir politikos observatorijos darbas, atliktas bendradarbiaujant su Europos Komisija.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264913097 , 9789264394872 , 9789264379046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Finding sufficient funds to pay for more resilient health systems is challenging in the current economic context. COVID-19 has shown the need for additional targeted spending on public health interventions, the digital transformation of health systems, and bolstering the health workforce. Rising incomes, technological innovation and changing demographics put further upward pressure on health spending. This could result in health spending reaching 11.8% of GDP across OECD counties by 2040. This publication explores the policy options to finance more resilient health systems whilst maintaining fiscal sustainability. It finds that the scale of the additional health financing needs requires ambitious and transformative policy changes. Robust actions to encourage healthier populations and policies to reduce ineffective spending can put future health expenditure on a far gentler upward trajectory. These would enable spending to reach a more sustainable 10.6% of GDP in 2040. Better budgetary governance is critical. It improves how public funds for health are determined, executed and evaluated. Therefore, a focus of this report is on how good budgeting practices can increase the efficiency of current public spending, and also enable more ambitious policy changes in the medium to longer-term. Findings of this report are targeted at health and finance policy makers, with improved dialogue between health and finance ministries especially important when governments are operating in a constrained fiscal setting.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264825420 , 9789264577473 , 9789264378490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Rückwanderung ; Familie ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Return migration has emerged as a critical policy concern for both destination and origin countries. While policy attention in destination countries has been focused on assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programs, particularly for migrants with expulsion orders, these efforts represent only a fraction of broader return movements. This report, based on a project carried out by the OECD with support from the German Corporation for International Co-operation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH – GIZ), commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, analyses the scope and characteristics of different categories of return migration. The report draws on three workshops, held in Tunis, Rabat and Brussels, that discussed return migration in different contexts. It examines the multiple factors that influence migrants' decisions to return to their countries of origin and their reintegration at home, including the role of family and community. The report emphasises the pre-existing structures and networks of returning migrants in origin countries and their role in supporting different types of return migrants. The report also looks at potential re-migration.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264944329 , 9789264653399 , 9789264507401
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Repenser l'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé : Un cadre renouvelé
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Performance-Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Health systems are under intense pressure to adapt to evolving needs and megatrends driven by population ageing, digitalisation, and climate change. They also need to be better prepared to withstand sudden, large-scale shocks such as pandemics, financial crises, natural disasters, or cyberattacks. This shifting policy context and emerging challenges called for a revision in how OECD countries assess health system performance, to help ensure that health systems meet people’s health needs and preferences while providing quality healthcare for all. This document presents the OECD’s renewed health system performance assessment framework. It incorporates new performance dimensions, notably people-centredness, resilience, and environmental sustainability, and places increased emphasis on addressing inequalities, including those related to gender. This framework expands on existing OECD efforts in these domains and integrates the most recent advancements in health system performance assessment. By offering common definitions and fostering a shared understanding among policy makers, stakeholders and organisations, the updated framework will enhance international collaboration. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for developing future indicators, facilitating data collection, policy analysis, and the integration of knowledge.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264365162 , 9789264789692 , 9789264610194
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe On Shaky Ground? Income Instability and Economic Insecurity in Europe
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les mutations économiques et technologiques des dernières décennies ont rendu les perspectives économiques individuelles plus incertaines. Si les formes d’emploi atypiques et la transformation numérique ont ouvert le champ des possibles, elles ont aussi, comme les grands chocs économiques récents, exposé de nombreuses personnes à une fluctuation de leurs revenus, un phénomène désigné sous le nom « d’instabilité des revenus ». Dans la mesure où la situation professionnelle et personnelle des individus peut changer à plusieurs reprises au cours d’une même année, ce rapport s’appuie sur de nouvelles techniques pour déterminer les personnes les plus exposées à l’instabilité des revenus dans les pays européens de l’OCDE, et étudie les retombées de cette instabilité sur la vie quotidienne, la mobilité sociale et les inégalités. L’instabilité des revenus peut être difficile à gérer pour les personnes qui ne disposent pas des ressources financières nécessaires pour lisser leurs revenus. Dans ce rapport, les personnes qui sont à la fois exposées à l’instabilité des revenus et vulnérables dans ce contexte sont considérées en situation d’insécurité économique. L’insécurité économique touche principalement les personnes qui ont des liens ténus avec le marché du travail et celles qui ne sont pas en situation de profiter des avantages tirés de la transformation numérique. Les personnes exposées au risque d’insécurité économique sont plus susceptibles que les autres d’être inquiètes quant à la possibilité de perdre leur emploi et, comme en attestent d’autres recherches, de connaître des problèmes de santé, de souffrir d’insécurité alimentaire et d’obtenir de mauvais résultats en termes de développement dans l’enfance, autant de freins potentiels à la mobilité sociale. Enfin, le rapport passe en revue une panoplie de mesures conçues pour améliorer la réactivité des systèmes de protection sociale, de sorte à mieux soutenir les personnes aux revenus très instables ; il étudie en outre différentes pistes d’action pour aider les plus exposés au risque d’insécurité économique à se constituer des réserves financières.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264410718
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovakia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Tento profil poskytuje stručný a politicky zameraný prehľad o zdravotnom stave a systéme zdravotnej starostlivosti na Slovensku, ktorý je súčasťou širšej série zdravotných profilov krajín v rámci iniciatívy Stav zdravia v EÚ. Predstavuje stručnú analýzu zahŕňajúcu tieto kľúčové aspekty: súčasný zdravotný stav na Slovensku, determinanty zdravia so zameraním na rizikové faktory správania, organizáciu slovenského systému zdravotnej starostlivosti a hodnotenie účinnosti, dostupnosti a odolnosti systému zdravotnej starostlivosti. Okrem toho vydanie na rok 2023 prináša tematickú časť o stave duševného zdravia a súvisiacich službách na Slovensku. Tento profil je spoločným dielom OECD a Európskeho strediska pre sledovanie systémov a politík v oblasti zdravotníctva, realizovaným v spolupráci s Európskou komisiou.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264347113
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Netherlands: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Dit profiel biedt een beknopt en beleidsgericht overzicht van de gezondheidstoestand en het gezondheidszorgsysteem in Nederland, als onderdeel van de bredere reeks landengezondheidsprofielen van het initiatief State of Health in the EU. Het bevat een beknopte analyse van de volgende belangrijke aspecten: de huidige gezondheidstoestand in Nederland; de determinanten van gezondheid, met de nadruk op gedragsgerelateerde risicofactoren; de organisatie van het Nederlandse gezondheidszorgstelsel; en een evaluatie van de effectiviteit, toegankelijkheid en veerkracht van het gezondheidszorgstelsel. Bovendien bevat de editie 2023 een thematisch hoofdstuk over de toestand van de geestelijke gezondheid en aanverwante diensten in Nederland. Dit profiel is het resultaat van een samenwerking tussen de OESO en het European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, uitgevoerd in samenwerking met de Europese Commissie.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264605626
    Language: Danish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Denmark: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denne profil giver et kortfattet og politisk fokuseret overblik over sundhedstilstanden og sundhedssystemet i Danmark, som en del af den bredere serie af nationale sundhedsprofiler fra initiativet State of Health in the EU. Den præsenterer en kortfattet analyse, der omfatter følgende nøgleaspekter: den aktuelle sundhedstilstand i Danmark; sundhedsdeterminanterne med fokus på adfærdsmæssige risikofaktorer; organiseringen af det danske sundhedssystem; og en evaluering af sundhedssystemets effektivitet, tilgængelighed og modstandsdygtighed. Desuden præsenterer 2023-udgaven et tematisk afsnit om mental sundhed og tilknyttede tjenester i Danmark. Denne profil er udarbejdet i samarbejde mellem OECD og European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, i samarbejde med Europa-Kommissionen.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264452404
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hungary: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Abstract: Ez a profil tömör és szakpolitikára összpontosító áttekintést nyújt a magyarországi egészségügy és egészségügyi rendszer állapotáról, az "Egészségügyi helyzet az EU-ban" kezdeményezés szélesebb körű országos egészségügyi profiljainak részeként. Rövid elemzést nyújt, amely a következő kulcsfontosságú szempontokat foglalja magában: Magyarország jelenlegi egészségi állapota; az egészséget meghatározó tényezők, különös tekintettel a viselkedési kockázati tényezőkre; a magyar egészségügyi rendszer szervezete; valamint az egészségügyi rendszer hatékonyságának, hozzáférhetőségének és ellenálló képességének értékelése. A 2023-as kiadás emellett egy tematikus részt is bemutat a mentális egészség és a kapcsolódó szolgáltatások magyarországi helyzetéről. Ez a profil az OECD és az Egészségügyi Rendszerek és Politikák Európai Megfigyelőközpontjának közös munkája, amely az Európai Bizottsággal együttműködve valósult meg.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264477179
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sweden: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: Denna profil ger en kortfattad och policyfokuserad översikt över hälsotillståndet och hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet i Sverige, som en del av den bredare serien av landshälsoprofiler från initiativet State of Health in the EU. Den presenterar en kortfattad analys som omfattar följande viktiga aspekter: det nuvarande hälsotillståndet i Sverige; hälsans bestämningsfaktorer, med fokus på beteendemässiga riskfaktorer; organisationen av det svenska hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet; och en utvärdering av hälso- och sjukvårdssystemets effektivitet, tillgänglighet och resiliens. Dessutom innehåller 2023 års utgåva ett tematiskt avsnitt om läget för psykisk hälsa och tillhörande tjänster i Sverige. Denna profil är ett samarbete mellan OECD och European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, som genomförs i samarbete med Europeiska kommissionen.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264717800
    Language: Bulgarian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bulgaria: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Tози профил предоставя кратък и ориентиран към политиката преглед на състоянието на здравето и системата на здравеопазването в България, като част от по-широката поредица здравни профили на страните от инициативата "Състояние на здравето в ЕС". В него е представен кратък анализ, обхващащ следните ключови аспекти: текущото състояние на здравето в България; детерминантите на здравето, с акцент върху поведенческите рискови фактори; организацията на българската система на здравеопазване; и оценка на ефективността, достъпността и устойчивостта на здравната система. Освен това в изданието за 2023 г. е представен тематичен раздел за състоянието на психичното здраве и свързаните с него услуги в България. Този профил е резултат от съвместните усилия на ОИСР и Европейската обсерватория за здравни системи и политики, осъществени в сътрудничество с Европейската комисия.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration des politiques et bien-être des enfants : Que peuvent faire les pays pour être plus performants ?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Policy Insights takes stock of OECD countries' recent initiatives to strengthen the integration of child well-being policies. It lays out some of the challenges facing countries as they work to push the child well-being policy agenda forward and discusses what countries can do to become more effective. As this Policy Insights illustrates, integrated policy plans offer opportunities to steer the child policy agenda but can be tricky to grow beyond a guiding framework. Countries should consider narrowing down their scope and incentivising joint work. Child-specific policy tools are not yet playing a fully effective role in mainstreaming the child well-being policy agenda across government. Being strategic about investing in these tools and extending their use is called for.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l'OCDE sur le bien-être, l'inclusion et l'égalité des chances no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Win-win solutions for well-being and mental health
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Une bonne santé mentale est indispensable au bien-être et essentielle à l'épanouissement des individus et de la société. Il est admis de longue date que les stratégies efficaces en matière de santé mentale doivent mobiliser tout un éventail de secteurs allant au-delà de la santé ; pourtant, dans la pratique, les regroupements restent souvent limités ou n'ont lieu qu'à petite échelle. Cette synthèse présente les principaux résultats du rapport How to Make Societies Thrive? Coordinating Approaches to Promote Well-being and Mental Health, qui s'appuie sur le cadre d'évaluation du bien-être de l'OCDE pour comprendre l'influence qui s'exerce entre ce que vivent les individus sur les plans économique, social, relationnel, civique et environnemental et leur état de santé mentale, et utilise ces données pour identifier les stratégies permettant d'améliorer à la fois la santé mentale et d'autres composantes plus larges du bien-être. Certaines initiatives menées dans le domaine de la santé mentale dans des pays de l'OCDE sont également passées en revue pour mettre en lumière les éléments de l'écosystème d'action à même de favoriser la collaboration au sein des pouvoirs publics et, plus largement, avec les acteurs de la société.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.155
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the last in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The report focuses on system-level issues and highlights challenges and opportunities that are inherent to the organisation of science systems and that need to be addressed to improve the resilience of these systems and their capacity to address complex societal challenges and crises. The analysis is structured around five interconnected themes: the strategic mobilisation of science capacity; managing conflicting priorities; co-ordination and collaboration across levels of governance; transdisciplinary and reflexive science; and dynamic and system-oriented governance. Key areas for intervention and more specific policy actions are identified under each theme and provide a framework for systemic action to strengthen science in support of socio-technological transitions.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264836433 , 9789264926899 , 9789264376175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gender Equality at Work
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Igualdad de género en Colombia : Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Bildungsabschluss ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Hausarbeit ; Kolumbien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Colombia
    Abstract: The OECD review of Gender Equality in Colombia: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work is the third in a collection of reports focusing on Latin American and the Caribbean countries, and part of the series Gender Equality at Work. The report compares gender gaps in labour and educational outcomes in Colombia with other countries. Particular attention is put on the uneven distribution of unpaid work, and the extra burden this places on women. It investigates how policies and programmes in Colombia can make this distribution more equitable. The first part of the report reviews the evidence on gender gaps and on what causes these, including the role played by attitudes. The second part develops a comprehensive framework to address these challenges, presenting a broad range of options to reduce the unpaid work burden falling on women, and to increase women's labour income. Earlier reviews in the same collection have looked at gender equality policies in Chile (2021) and Peru (2022).
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.47
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This paper provides a factual baseline of the extent to which refugees and internally displaced persons are included in development planning, specifically in the national development plans and sector plans of low- and middle-income countries; in the international development co-operation strategies of Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and participants; and in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks of the UN development system at country level. It contributes to measuring progress towards commitments – under the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the UN Action Agenda on Internal Displacement – to treat forced displacement also as a development issue. Finally, it formulates policy recommendations to further improve the inclusion of the forcibly displaced in development planning.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des solutions gagnant-gagnant pour le bien-être et la santé mentale
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Good mental health is a vital part of people's well-being and essential for individuals and societies to thrive. The recognition that successful mental health strategies need to involve a range of sectors beyond health is not new, yet in practice coalition-building often remains limited and not implemented at scale. This Policy Insights highlights the main findings from the report How to Make Societies Thrive? Coordinating Approaches to Promote Well-being and Mental Health that uses the OECD Well-being Framework to review how people's economic, social, relational, civic and environmental experiences interlink with their mental health, and uses this evidence to identify policies that can jointly improve both mental health and wider well-being outcomes. Selected mental health initiatives across the OECD are also reviewed to illustrate which elements of the policy ecosystem can support collaboration across government and with society more broadly.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.4
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Risiko ; Definition ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers tremendous benefits but also poses risks. Some of these risks have materialised into what are known as "AI incidents". Due to the widespread use of AI in various sectors, a surge in such incidents can be expected. To effectively monitor and prevent these risks, stakeholders need a precise yet adaptable definition of AI incidents. This report presents research and findings on terminology and practices related to incident definitions, encompassing both AI-specific and cross-disciplinary contexts. It establishes a knowledge base for identifying commonalities and encouraging the development of AI-specific adaptations in the future.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.300
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Long-term unemployment remains a structural challenge for most OECD countries. Despite major efforts to address this issue, the efficiency and effectiveness of many existing active labour market policies are limited for jobseekers who face major vulnerabilities and have no ties to the labour market. Therefore, there is a need for innovative approaches that specifically address the barriers faced by long-term unemployed individuals in their labour market (re)integration. This paper discusses examples of promising practices from across Europe, which can serve as a source of inspiration for policymakers seeking new approaches to assist vulnerable jobseekers in overcoming the challenge of long-term unemployment.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.297
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper quantifies changes in employment and the demand for skills in the European Union following the implementation of Fit for 55 policies. Between 2019 and 2030, the economy is projected to grow by 1.3% in the Fit for 55 scenario (3% in a Baseline scenario without the Fit for 55 policies). Employment growth is projected to be lower in the Fit for 55 than the Baseline scenario. Employment in the Fit for 55 scenario is projected to decrease by 3% for blue collar and farm workers (2% in the Baseline) and increase by 4 5% for other occupations (5-6% in the Baseline). The most demanded skills following the implementation of Fit for 55 will be those related to inter personal communication and the use of digital technologies, whereas the demand for skills related to the use of traditional tools and technologies is projected to decline. Anticipating changes in employment and the demand for skills as well as the socio-demographic profile of those most affected can facilitate the design of upskilling and reskilling efforts and promote the reallocation of workers across sectors and occupations.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.357
    Keywords: Kinderschutz ; Sexuelle Belästigung ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; Digitale Plattform ; Prävention ; Transparenz ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the policies and procedures for addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) material across the global top-50 online content-sharing services. It finds that only 10 of the 50 services define CSEA with sufficient detail to understand what is prohibited on their services, and only 20 of the services issue a transparency report on CSEA. Even among those services, there are significant variations in what behaviour is captured in their definitions, and the metrics, methodology and frequency of transparency reports differ across platforms. While good practices exist, the report reveals a fragmented response to this complex and evolving problem, which limits comparability and makes it challenging to conduct a thorough assessment of the overall impact of platforms' efforts to combat CSEA.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1777
    Keywords: Economics ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The EU’s ambitious Green Deal aims at achieving net zero emissions by 2050. The EU is starting from a relatively good position. It has successfully reduced greenhouse gas emissions over the past decade. But further efforts are needed to reach the net zero target. These include an extension of emission trading to agriculture and the phase-out of generous subsidies for fossil fuels. Such efforts should be complemented by additional measures to shift to clean energy, notably more integrated electricity markets and deeper capital markets that provide the necessary investment in new technologies. Accelerating the green transition will also involve costs for displaced workers. Bolstering workers’ mobility and training will help improve labour reallocation and reduce transition costs.
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  • 47
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l'OCDE sur le bien-être, l'inclusion et l'égalité des chances no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policy integration and child well-being: What can countries do to become more effective?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette synthèse fait le point sur les initiatives récentes des pays de l'OCDE visant à renforcer l'intégration des politiques en faveur du bien-être de l'enfant. Elle expose les défis auxquels sont confrontés les pays qui s'efforcent de faire avancer l'agenda politique du bien-être de l'enfant et examine ce qu'ils peuvent faire pour être plus efficaces. Les plans d'action intégrés pour le bien-être des enfants peuvent fournir l'orientation stratégique nécessaire, mais il peut être difficile de les faire évoluer au-delà d'un simple cadre d'orientation. Les pays de l'OCDE devraient envisager de réduire leur champ d'application et stimuler le travail en commun. Les instruments d'aide à l'élaboration des politiques en direction des enfants ne jouent pas encore un rôle pleinement efficace dans l'intégration de l'agenda politique du bien-être de l'enfant dans l'ensemble du gouvernement. Il convient de faire preuve de stratégie en investissant dans des outils politiques spécifiques aux enfants et en étendant leur utilisation.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264984684
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Portugal: Perfil de Saúde do País 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Portugal ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Portugal
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Portugal, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Portugal; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Portuguese healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Portugal. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264415959
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Spain: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: Este perfil ofrece una visión concisa y centrada en las políticas del estado de la salud y el sistema sanitario en España, como parte de la serie más amplia de Perfiles Sanitarios de País de la iniciativa El estado de la salud en la UE. Presenta un análisis sucinto que abarca los siguientes aspectos clave: el estado actual de la salud en España; los determinantes de la salud, centrándose en los factores de riesgo conductuales; la organización del sistema sanitario español; y una evaluación de la eficacia, accesibilidad y resistencia del sistema sanitario. Además, la edición 2023 presenta una sección temática sobre el estado de la salud mental y los servicios asociados en España. Este perfil es fruto de la colaboración entre la OCDE y el Observatorio Europeo de Sistemas y Políticas de Salud, realizada en cooperación con la Comisión Europea.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264685734 , 9789264718326 , 9789264583047
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Revues de l'OCDE sur la création locale d'emplois
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Unleashing Talent in Brussels, Belgium
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: Au cours de la dernière décennie, le marché du travail de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale s'est amélioré. De nombreuses offres de travail ouvrent des possibilités pour des travailleurs hautement qualifiés, faisant de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale une destination importante pour les talents belges, européens et internationaux. Or, malgré les perspectives de carrière offertes par la région, un nombre important de résidents est exclu du monde du travail. Les travailleurs moins diplômés se font concurrence pour un nombre de postes limités, en dépit des pénuries observées sur le marché du travail. Les facteurs qui mènent à l'exclusion de certains bruxellois et les solutions pour y remédier, doivent être un pilier de toute vision d'avenir de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Le marché du travail bruxellois récompense la formation. Faciliter l'accès aux formations disponibles en Région est donc une priorité, notamment pour qu'elles soient adaptées aux différents besoins de la population. Réduire les entraves à la formation est un autre levier d'action. Pour le service public de l'emploi, la simplification des parcours, la mobilité géographique des chercheurs d'emplois moins diplômés et une meilleure prise en compte de la dimension migratoire de l'exclusion peuvent, chacune à leur manière, aider un plus grand nombre de bruxellois à trouver un emploi de qualité.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22% and directly concerned 7% of dependent employees. The assessment is based on an individual-level analysis that follows the outcomes of workers that were employed in the year before the reform over time. Among directly affected workers, the hike in the minimum wage increased full-time equivalent monthly earnings by on average 5.8% and reduced employment by -0.6%. The wage effects are stronger for workers on open-ended contracts, while the employment effects are stronger for workers on fixed-term contracts.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.5
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD AI Principles call for AI actors to be accountable for the proper functioning of their AI systems in accordance with their role, context, and ability to act. Likewise, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises aim to minimise adverse impacts that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. To develop ‘trustworthy’ and ‘responsible’ AI systems, there is a need to identify and manage AI risks. As calls for the development of accountability mechanisms and risk management frameworks continue to grow, interoperability would enhance efficiency and reduce enforcement and compliance costs. This report provides an analysis of the commonalities of AI risk management frameworks. It demonstrates that, while some elements may sometimes differ, all the risk management frameworks analysed follow a similar and sometimes functionally equivalent risk management process.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Good policy making for child well-being calls for government ministries, agencies and other service providers to better collaborate and focus on a small number of key child well-being issues. "Integrated policy making for child well-being: Common approaches and challenges ahead" takes stock of OECD countries' recent initiatives to strengthen the integration of child well-being policies. It documents OECD countries' experiences of implementing integrated policy plans for child well-being and child-specific policy tools, specifically child indicator sets, child impact assessments and child budgeting. It lays out the challenges facing countries as they work to push the child well-being policy agenda forward and discusses what countries can do to become more effective. Pursuing efforts to strengthen the integration of child well-being policies is costly. Accordingly, it's important for countries to proactively consider the arising challenges and to look at options to overcome or avoid altogether the common pitfalls.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264377479 , 9789264713352 , 9789264961371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promouvoir les talents à Bruxelles, Belgique
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; Brüssel (Region) ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Brussels-Capital Region has witnessed significant improvements in its labour market over the past decade. Local job creation has been driven by ample opportunities for highly-skilled workers whom the Brussels-Capital Region attracts from its surrounding regions, the European Union, and beyond. However, not all of the region's population has seen their labour market prospects improve equally. Many workers with lower levels of education continue to compete for a small number of vacancies, despite the increasingly tightening labour market. A future vision for the Brussels-Capital Region, therefore, needs to be built on recognising and addressing the multiple and often distinct challenges faced by its young and diverse population. In a labour market that offers high rewards for skills formation, tailoring continuous education and training offerings to different groups while removing barriers to participation in such programmes will need to take priority. Simplifying processes for accessing employment services, streamlining labour market policies, supporting the geographic mobility of less-educated jobseekers, and removing barriers to employment for its migrant population could serve as building blocks to increase labour force participation and improve the employment quality of all local talent.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264339149 , 9789264330764 , 9789264813779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Integration ; Sozialpolitik ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain has a high share of the working age population at risk of poverty or social exclusion and a high incidence of child poverty. While Spain has introduced a minimum income at the national level, social inclusion policies are the responsibility of the regions. At present, the coverage of the minimum income remains low and there are many differences in the design and implementation of social inclusion policies across regions, especially as a number of regions do not develop social inclusion strategies. There is also a lack of a multidimensional approach to social inclusion. This report develops options for new inclusion models that address current challenges and help formulate a coherent inclusion strategy. It also sets out a blueprint for developing a monitoring and evaluation framework. The recommendations aim to increase the effectiveness of minimum income policies and strengthen the co-ordination between social services, employment, health and housing.
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  • 56
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hard work, privilege or luck? Exploring people’s views of what matters most to get ahead in life
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Il est essentiel de comprendre les convictions des individus en matière de mobilité sociale afin de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre des politiques qui s'attaquent aux disparités structurelles et obtiennent le soutien de l'opinion publique. Les croyances en matière de mobilité sociale peuvent contribuer à renforcer le contrat social. Cependant, des opinions tranchées sur le rôle de l'effort individuel dans la détermination de la réussite peuvent également contribuer à diminuer le soutien aux politiques promouvant l'égalité des chances et la réduction des inégalités. S'appuyant sur les données du module "Opportunités" de la vague 2022 de l'enquête de l'OCDE "Les risques qui comptent", cette synthèse étudie les perceptions qu’ont les personnes sur les principaux déterminants de la mobilité sociale au sein de 27 pays de l'OCDE. En moyenne, 60% des personnes interrogées estiment que le travail est essentiel ou très important pour déterminer la position sociale d'un individu. Toutefois, parmi cette majorité, seul un cinquième pense que travailler dur est le seul facteur de la réussite.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Travailler main dans la main ? Explorer les opinions sur le rôle de différents acteurs dans la lutte contre les inégalités
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Drawing on data from the Opportunities module of the 2022 wave of the OECD Risks that Matter survey, this Policy Insights looks at people’s concerns about inequality and examines their views on the role held by different actors – ranging from public and private sectors to civil society and citizens – in reducing economic divides. The analysis exposes a widespread concern about the multiple facets of inequality: on average, nearly seven-in-ten respondents think that economic resources should be distributed more equally and up to half of them believe that non-economic disparities are too high. Acknowledging the complex nature of inequality, respondents also recognise the need for a multi-stakeholder approach. National governments are seen as key but not exclusive players, and more than half of respondents believe that both public and private actors have a key role to play in addressing inequality.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.7
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: People with disability face persisting difficulties in the labour market. There are concerns that AI, if managed poorly, could further exacerbate these challenges. Yet, AI also has the potential to create more inclusive and accommodating environments and might help remove some of the barriers faced by people with disability in the labour market. Building on interviews with more than 70 stakeholders, this report explores the potential of AI to foster employment for people with disability, accounting for both the transformative possibilities of AI-powered solutions and the risks attached to the increased use of AI for people with disability. It also identifies obstacles hindering the use of AI and discusses what governments could do to avoid the risks and seize the opportunities of using AI to support people with disability in the labour market.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264855700
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Austria: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria
    Abstract: Dieses Profil bietet einen prägnanten und auf die Gesundheitspolitik ausgerichteten Überblick über den Gesundheitszustand und das Gesundheitssystem in Österreich als Teil der umfassenderen Serie von Ländergesundheitsprofilen im Rahmen der Initiative "State of Health in the EU". Es präsentiert eine eindeutige Analyse, die folgende Schlüsselaspekte umfasst: den aktuellen Gesundheitszustand in Österreich; die Determinanten der Gesundheit, mit Schwerpunkt auf Verhaltensrisikofaktoren; die Organisation des österreichischen Gesundheitssystems; und eine Bewertung der Effektivität, Zugänglichkeit und Resilienz des Gesundheitssystems. Darüber hinaus enthält die Ausgabe von 2023 einen thematischen Abschnitt zum Stand der psychischen Gesundheit und der zugehörigen Leistungen in Österreich. Dieses Profil ist das Ergebnis gemeinsamer Arbeit der OECD und des Europäischen Observatoriums für Gesundheitssysteme und -politiken, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Europäischen Kommission.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264567672 , 9789264966635 , 9789264519008
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Disability, Work and Inclusion in Italy: Better Assessment for Better Support
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: Nei Paesi OCSE, un adulto in età lavorativa su sette si identifica quale persona con disabilità. Molte di loro sono escluse dalla possibilità di avere un lavoro significativo e hanno bassi livelli di reddito e di impegno sociale. I governi possono contribuire a creare un ambiente che sostenga l'integrazione sociale e lavorativa delle persone con disabilità. Il presente rapporto esamina l'efficacia del sistema di protezione sociale per le persone con disabilità in Italia. Riassume inoltre i risultati di un progetto pilota condotto in quattro regioni per testare una valutazione alternativa della disabilità. L'attuale processo di valutazione può talvolta negare i servizi alle persone che hanno bisogno di sostegno, mentre è generoso con le persone con problemi di salute significativi ma che non presentano una disabilità grave. Una valutazione della disabilità che tenga conto degli aspetti medici e funzionali, aiuta a indirizzare i servizi e le risorse verso le persone più bisognose. Inoltre, aiuta ad armonizzare l'accesso alle prestazioni e ai servizi di disabilità in tutto il Paese. L'attuazione della riforma sulla disabilità si è rivelata difficile in Italia. Il presente rapporto offre evidenza del fatto che la riforma può migliorare le condizioni delle persone con disabilità.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264352537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sverige: Landprofil hälsa 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Sweden, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Sweden; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Swedish healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Sweden. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264400399 , 9789264792180 , 9789264702080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Disabilità, lavoro e inclusione in Italia: Una migliore valutazione per una migliore assistenza
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: One in seven working age adults identifies as having a disability in OECD countries. Many of them are excluded from meaningful work and have low levels of income and social engagement. Governments can help create an environment that supports social and labour market integration for people with disability. This report reviews the effectiveness of the social protection system for people with disability in Italy and summarises the results of a pilot carried out in four regions testing an alternative disability assessment. The current assessment process can sometimes deny services to people in need of support while being generous to people with significant health problems but who are not experiencing severe disability. A disability assessment that takes medical and functional aspects into account helps to direct services and resources to those most in need and to harmonise access to disability support across the country. Implementing disability reform has proved to be difficult in Italy in the past decade. This report provides evidence that reform can improve outcomes for people with disability.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264560314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hrvatska: pregled stanja zdravlja i zdravstvene zaštite 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Croatia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Croatia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Croatian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Croatia. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264934559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe France : Profil de santé par pays 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Frankreich ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in France, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in France; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the French healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in France. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264771512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Italia: Profilo della Sanità 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Italien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Italy, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Italy; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Italian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Italy. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264853775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Citizenship and residency by investment (CBI/RBI) programmes are government-administered programmes that grant citizenship or residency to foreign investors by expediting or bypassing normal migration processes. These programmes can help spur economic growth through foreign direct investment, but they are also attractive to criminals and corrupt officials seeking to evade justice and launder the proceeds of crime reaching into the billions of dollars. This report highlights how CBI programmes can allow criminals more global mobility and help them hide their identity and criminal activities behind shell companies in other jurisdictions. It highlights the vulnerabilities of these complex and international investment migration programmes, including the frequent use of intermediaries, involvement of multiple government agencies, abuse by professional enablers and lack of proper governance of the CBI/RBI programmes. The report proposes measures and examples of good practice, that can help policy makers and those responsible for managing the investment migration programmes address these risks. These include an in-depth analysis and understanding of how criminals can exploit CBI or RBI programmes and incorporating risk mitigation measures, such as multi-layer due diligence, in the design of the investment migration programme.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264475250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe България: Здравен профил за страната 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Bulgarien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Bulgaria, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Bulgaria; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Bulgarian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Bulgaria. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264666092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Suomi: Maan terveysprofiili 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Finnland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Finland, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Finland; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Finnish healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Finland. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264681293 , 9789264519350 , 9789264805323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un équilibre précaire ? Instabilité des revenus et insécurité économique en Europe (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Over the past few decades, economies and technologies have changed in ways that have made people’s economic prospects more insecure. While non-standard work and digital transformation have created opportunities for many, they have also exposed individuals to fluctuations in their incomes, known as "income instability", as have major recent shocks. Recognising that individuals’ jobs and circumstances can change multiple times in a year, this report uses novel techniques to identify who is most exposed to income instability in European OECD countries and examines the effects it has on their lives, social mobility, and inequality. Income instability can be difficult to manage for individuals who lack the financial resources to smooth their incomes. In this report, people facing the twin problems of exposure and vulnerability to income instability are considered to be economically insecure. Economic insecurity falls predominantly on people with weak attachments to the labour force and on those who are not well-placed to leverage the benefits of digitalisation. People at risk of economic insecurity are more likely to worry about losing their jobs in the future than economically secure individuals and, as shown in other research, experience poor health, food insecurity, and poor childhood development outcomes, which can impede social mobility. Finally, the report reviews a range of policies to improve the timeliness of social protection to better support people with highly unstable incomes and explores options to help those most at risk of economic insecurity build financial buffers.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264960121
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Belgium: Country Health Profile 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Belgique : Profils de santé par pays 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: Dit profiel biedt een beknopt en beleidsgericht overzicht van de gezondheidstoestand en het gezondheidszorgsysteem in België, als onderdeel van de bredere reeks van nationale gezondheidsprofielen volgend uit het initiatief State of Health in de EU. Het geeft een beknopte analyse die de volgende belangrijke aspecten omvat: de huidige gezondheidstoestand in België; de determinanten van gezondheid, met de nadruk op gedragsrisicofactoren; de organisatie van het Belgische gezondheidszorgsysteem; en een evaluatie van de doeltreffendheid, toegankelijkheid en veerkracht van het gezondheidszorgsysteem. Bovendien bevat de editie van 2023 een thematisch hoofdstuk over de toestand van de mentale gezondheid van de Belgische bevolking alsook over de daaraan verwante diensten. Dit profiel is het resultaat van een samenwerking tussen de OESO en het European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, uitgevoerd in samenwerking met de Europese Commissie.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264923423
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Belgium: Country Health Profile 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe België: Landenprofiel Gezondheid 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: Ce profil fournit un aperçu concis de l'état de santé et du système de santé en Belgique, dans le cadre de la série des profils de santé par pays de l'initiative sur l'état de santé dans l'UE. Il présente une analyse succincte de l'état de santé de la population en Belgique ; les déterminants de la santé, en mettant l'accent sur les facteurs de risque comportementaux ; l'organisation du système de santé belge ; et une évaluation de l'efficacité, l'accessibilité et la résilience du système de santé. L'édition 2023 présente aussi une section thématique sur la santé mentale en Belgique. Ce profil est le fruit d'une collaboration entre l'OCDE et l'Observatoire européen des systèmes et des politiques de santé, en coopération avec la Commission Européenne.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264841031
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Österreich: Länderprofil Gesundheit 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Österreich ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Austria, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Austria; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Austrian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Austria. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264485877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovenija: Zdravstveni Profil Leta 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Slowenien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Slovenia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Slovenia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Slovenian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Slovenia. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264905979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ελλάδα: Προφίλ Υγείας 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Griechenland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Greece, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Greece; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Greek healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Greece. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264875715 , 9789264648876 , 9789264939493
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; Finanzpolitik ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of gender budgeting practices across OECD countries, based on the 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting as well as trends from surveys conducted in 2016 and 2018. It takes stock of countries' progress in developing an effective and sustainable gender budgeting approach and discusses challenges and plans for the further development of gender budgeting. Country case studies highlight gender budgeting in practice. The report also presents the 2022 OECD Gender Budgeting Index, which compares the implementation of gender budgeting across five key areas: 1) institutional and strategic arrangements; 2) methods and tools; 3) enabling environment; 4) accountability and transparency; and 5) impact.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264377974
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitskräfte ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Personalmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: The world of work is getting older in advanced and an increasing number of emerging economies. Two powerful and persistent trends, longer lifespans and lower birth rates, all but guarantee that midcareer and older workers will make up an even larger portion of the future workforce, with profound implications for our economies, businesses and workers. Are societies adapting quickly enough to cope with ageing at an unprecedented scale? What are some of the key structural barriers, the embedded attitudes and behaviours, that stand in the way of helping midcareer and older workers stay employed longer? What steps can we take to support them as we transition to a more digital and sustainable economy, and make sure that age is no longer a barrier to work? In search of answers, the OECD and Generation, a global employment nonprofit network, teamed up to develop new research based on a survey of thousands of employed and unemployed people, and hiring managers in eight countries: the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Romania, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The evidence presented in this report aims to foster a more inclusive and resilient labour market for workers at all stages of their careers.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264594296 , 9789264345478 , 9789264689268
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport donne un aperçu des pratiques de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays de l'OCDE, sur la base de l'enquête de 2022 de l'OCDE sur la budgétisation sensible au genre ainsi que sur les éléments recueillis dans le cadre des enquêtes précédentes menées en 2016 et 2018. Il fait le point sur les progrès réalisés par les pays dans l'élaboration d'une approche efficace et durable de la budgétisation sensible au genre et examine les défis et les projets pour la poursuite du développement de la budgétisation sensible au genre. Des études de cas par pays mettent en lumière la budgétisation sensible au genre dans la pratique. Le rapport présente également l'indice 2022 de l'OCDE sur la budgétisation sensible au genre, qui compare la mise en œuvre de la budgétisation sensible au genre dans cinq domaines clés : 1) les dispositifs institutionnels et stratégiques ; 2) les méthodes et outils ; 3) l'environnement propice ; 4) la redevabilité et la transparence ; et 5) l'impact.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264996175 , 9789264390058 , 9789264382978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; Investmentfonds ; Immobilienfinanzierung ; Immobilienpreis ; Wohnkosten ; Wohnungsmarkt ; Lettland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: The Latvian government established the Housing Affordability Fund in mid-2022, a long-term self-sustaining financing model to channel investment into affordable housing. The fund is now being scaled up to ensure lasting impact on the Latvian housing market. This report identifies options for institutional arrangements, funding and financing opportunities, and operational tools to achieve this aim. It draws on the rich and diverse experiences of four peer countries in establishing and operating revolving fund schemes for affordable housing (Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands and Slovenia), and also reflects findings from engagement with a range of stakeholders in the Latvian housing sector.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264873568 , 9789264347915 , 9789264941090
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (382 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Keywords: Antibiotika ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; EWR-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the ability of microbes to resist antimicrobials – remains an alarming global health threat. This is despite the efforts made by OECD and EU/EEA countries to curtail it. Unless additional effective interventions are scaled up quickly, AMR rates are forecasted to increase in the next three decades across OECD and EU/EEA countries, with costs exceeding the healthcare expenditure on the COVID-19 pandemic. Using microsimulation and machine-learning techniques, this report analyses critical policy levers to inform the next generation of AMR initiatives. It shows that tackling the detrimental health and economic impact of AMR requires embracing a One Health framework – a collaborative, trans-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approach that promotes close co-operation and collaboration across human health, animal health, agrifood systems and the environment. This report identifies 11 One Health "best buys" that, if implemented systematically, would improve population health, reduce health expenditure and generate positive returns for the economy.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Messung ; Altersstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Assessing health system performance over time or across countries often means comparing populations with very different characteristics, including age structure. The share of the population aged 65 years and over ranges from less than 1 in 10 in some of the Latin American countries of the OECD to almost 3 in 10 in Japan. At the same time, populations are aging rapidly - on average across the OECD, there are 20% more people over 65 since 2015. Since risk of illness and ill-health generally increases with age, a population with an older demographic structure can expect higher mortality rates, greater incidence and prevalence of certain diseases, and thus higher demands for healthcare and, by consequence, higher spending on health. This working paper argues that the level of health spending depends not only on the size of the population (among other factors), but also on the demographic structure of the population. The paper reviews the international literature on age-adjusting health spending, and examines three methods of age-adjustment to report and compare health expenditure data between OECD countries and over time.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.304
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Education systems around the world are increasingly recognising that social and emotional skills (SES) are essential for students and societies. This paper contributes to the Innovative approaches to measuring social and emotional skills project, which aims to complement self-report measures of SES with more direct assessments. It addresses criticisms of the OECD framework for SES used by the OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills and discusses the use of the Big Five model as an underlying structure for organising SES. The paper then examines the teachability of SES through a comprehensive literature review. In addition, it reviews the evidence for the relationship between different SES and key life outcomes. The paper also seeks to reconcile divergent conceptual understandings in the literature by providing a clear definition of SES and highlighting discrepancies in skill definitions. The conclusions of the paper identify gaps in current research, highlight teachable skills with notable predictive value SES relevant for educators and policy makers, and support the development of direct SES assessments.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration des réfugiés ukrainiens : une double approche
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As the displacement of Ukrainians in OECD countries is prolonged, additional integration support in host countries is needed for optimal outcomes, yet the nature and scope of support needed may not align with the usual integration practices as many refugees are expected to want to return to home when the situation permits. Considering the conflicting needs, adopting a dual intent approach could prepare for both indefinite stay as well as for possible return of refugees by deliberatively seeking to minimise possible return barriers.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) extensions on jobseeker households in selected US states and examines how these extensions compare to the pre-pandemic policies. The analysis finds that PUA extensions increase benefit duration for all jobseekers, but due to interactions between other government benefits, this translates to significant increases in benefit generosity only for jobseekers without children. This has an impact on the financial incentives to take up employment, although incentives are still above the OECD average. PUA extensions have little impact for people who have been unemployed for a very long time, and jobseekers with no recent contribution history. PUA extensions also have minimal impact on jobless families with children who continue to receive less support compared to other OECD countries.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.52
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This paper provides novel evidence on the regional impact of immigration on native employment in a cross-country framework based on rich European Labour Force Surveys and past censuses data for 2010-2019. The paper finds a modest average impact of the rise in the share of immigrants across European regions on the employment-to-population rate of natives, but highly uneven effects over time and across workers and regions. The short-run estimates show adverse employment effects in response to immigration that nevertheless disappear in the longer run. High-school or less educated native workers experience employment losses due to immigration, whereas higher educated workers are more likely to experience employment gains. Moreover, the presence of institutions providing strict employment protection and high coverage of collective wage agreements exert a protective effect on native employment. Finally, the paper finds that regions experiencing strong growth can absorb immigrant workers, resulting in little or no effect on the native workforce, including in the short-run.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264429086 , 9789264944183 , 9789264581500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Import ; Nachfrage ; Verbraucher ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Nationaleinkommen ; Altersstruktur ; Bildungsabschluss ; Internetnutzung ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: This report looks at the demand for counterfeit goods and identifies its key drivers. It discusses the specificity of the demand for counterfeit goods, including both deliberate and unintentional demand. Indeed, some consumers will deliberately buy counterfeit and pirated goods while others will be deceived into buying illicit products, thinking they are genuine. The report also examines the profiles of destination economies in the global trade of counterfeit and pirated goods. It uses quantitative analysis to study the economic characteristics of various economies, including the quantitative relationship between counterfeit intensity and certain observable socioeconomic factors. The identification of socio-economic factors, in particular, influencing the demand for counterfeit and pirated goods is crucial to help policymakers develop appropriate policies, including better targeting of consumer awareness campaigns.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264422469 , 9789264616370 , 9789264555297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Eisenerzbergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Pilbara ; Australien ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Australia
    Abstract: Located in the state of Western Australia, the Pilbara is a large region and one of the least densely populated within the OECD. The Pilbara's mining sector is a top supplier of iron ore in the world, which has fuelled the economic growth of both the state and the country. While Pilbara's industrialisation is relatively recent, dating back to the 1960s, First Nations peoples have inhabited the region for approximately 50 000 years. Despite the wealth generated by mining and extractive industries, the Pilbara faces important challenges to improve its attractiveness and well-being standards, especially for First Nations and non-mining workers. Well-being challenges also stifle growth opportunities and responsible mining investments in the region. The green transition presents the Pilbara with an opportunity to diversify its economy and improve well-being conditions of its communities, while becoming a strategic player in the global shift towards more sustainable mining. This study offers guidance on how the Pilbara can shape a more inclusive and sustainable development model that supports economic diversification and prioritises improving the living conditions of its communities, particularly First Nations.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264824065 , 9789264713796 , 9789264532922
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Gleichberechtigung ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Environment
    Abstract: What are the root causes of gender inequality? Building on the fifth edition of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), the SIGI 2023 Global Report provides a global outlook of discriminatory social institutions, the fundamental causes of gender inequality. It reveals how formal and informal laws, social norms and practices limit women's and girls' rights and opportunities in all aspects of their lives. Globally, 40% of them continue to live in countries where gender-based discrimination is assessed as high or very high. The report stresses how discriminatory social institutions curtail women's and adolescents' fundamental access to sexual and reproductive health and rights. It also sheds light on the gendered impacts of climate change and underlines how women can play a pivotal role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. To accelerate efforts aimed at achieving SDG 5 and eliminating the underlying and structural factors that hamper women's empowerment, the report offers concrete policy actions. It calls for a gender-transformative approach to leverage crises and challenges into windows of opportunity to establish women and men as agents of change.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Working towards dual intent integration of Ukrainian refugees
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Le déplacement des ukrainiens dans les pays de l’OCDE s’inscrivant dans la durée, une aide supplémentaire à l’intégration est nécessaire pour parvenir à des résultats adéquats, mais la nature et la portée de cette aide peuvent ne pas correspondre aux pratiques d’intégration habituelles car il est probable que de nombreux réfugiés voudront vouloir rentrer chez eux lorsque la situation le permettra. Au vu de ces besoins apparemment contradictoires, adopter une approche de l’intégration visant un double objectif permettrait de prévoir à la fois la possibilité d’un séjour d’une durée indéterminée dans le pays d’accueil et celle d’un retour des réfugiés en Ukraine, tout en s'attachant à minimiser les éventuels obstacles au retour.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1776
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promouvoir l'égalité des genres pour renforcer la croissance économique et la résilience
    Keywords: Economics ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Women’s employment rates and wages are still lagging those of men across OECD countries, with average employment and wage gaps now around 15% and 12% respectively. Gaps narrowed at a relatively modest pace over the past decade, calling for further policy action. A lack of affordable high-quality childcare is often an obstacle to women’s participation in the labour market and notably to working full time. A very unequal sharing of parental leave between parents and challenges upon return to work further hampers women’s careers. Biases in the tax system may discourage women from working in some countries. Women face disadvantage in accessing management positions and entrepreneurship. A range of policies can help reduce gender gaps, including better childcare provision, incentivising parents to better share parental leave, re-skilling and upskilling on return from parental leave, encouraging gender equality within firms, integration programmes for foreign-born women, promoting women entrepreneurship and financial inclusion, and levelling taxation for second earners. Moreover, the multiple dimensions and root causes of gender inequality call for mainstreaming gender across policy domains.
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  • 91
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1776
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promoting gender equality to strengthen economic growth and resilience
    Keywords: Economics ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les taux d'emploi et les salaires des femmes restent inférieurs à ceux des hommes dans les pays de l'OCDE, avec des écarts moyens d'emploi et de salaire désormais autour de 15% et 12% respectivement. Les écarts se sont réduits à un rythme relativement modeste au cours de la dernière décennie, ce qui appelle de nouvelles mesures politiques. Le manque de services de garde d'enfants abordables et leur qualité insuffisante constituent souvent un obstacle à la participation des femmes au marché du travail et notamment au travail à temps plein. Un partage très inégal du congé parental entre les parents et les difficultés rencontrées lors du retour au travail entravent encore davantage les carrières des femmes. Les biais du système fiscal peuvent décourager les femmes de travailler dans certains pays. Les femmes sont désavantagées dans l’accès aux postes de direction et à l’entrepreneuriat. Différentes politiques peuvent contribuer à réduire les écarts entre les genres, notamment une meilleure offre de garde d'enfants, l'incitation des parents à mieux partager le congé parental, la reconversion et la formation au retour du congé parental, l'encouragement de l'égalité des genres au sein des entreprises, des programmes d'intégration pour les femmes nées à l'étranger, la promotion de l’entrepreneuriat féminin et l’inclusion financière, ainsi que l’égalisation de la fiscalité sur les deuxièmes apporteurs de revenu. En outre, les multiples dimensions et causes profondes des inégalités de genre soulignent l’importance d’intégrer la dimension de genre dans tous les domaines de l’action publique.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264837645
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovensko: Zdravotný Profil Krajiny 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Slowakei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Slovakia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Slovakia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Slovak healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Slovakia. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.9
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration in the pace of AI innovation in recent years and the advent of content generating capabilities (Generative AI or GenAI) have increased interest in AI innovation in finance, in part due to the user-friendliness and intuitive interface of GenAI tools. The use of AI in financial markets involving full end-to-end automation without any human intervention remains largely at development phase, but its wider deployment could amplify risks already present in financial markets and give rise to new challenges. This paper presents recent evolutions in AI in finance and potential risks and discusses whether policy makers may need to reinforce policies and strengthen protection against these risks.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.163
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The pandemic resulted in a significant increase in the number of deaths in many OECD countries. With detailed data now available by age and sex, this OECD Health Working Paper examines the trends and differences in mortality patterns over the three-year span of the pandemic. While a simple comparison of the raw number of deaths with reference to a historical base period has proved to be an important and straightforward indicator to assess the overall impact of the pandemic, most OECD countries have undergone major changes in population size and structure. This paper reviews the methodology of calculating changes in mortality to take account of such demographic trends and, in producing a revised set of estimates using adjusted numbers of deaths, highlights some important variations in mortality across years, countries and age groups.
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  • 95
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Working hand in hand? Exploring people’s views of the role of different actors in fighting inequality
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: S'appuyant sur les données du module "Opportunités" de la vague 2022 de l'enquête de l'OCDE "Les risques qui comptent", cette synthèse se penche sur les préoccupations des individus en matière d'inégalités et examine leurs points de vue sur le rôle joué par différents acteurs - des secteurs public et privé à la société civile et aux citoyens - dans la réduction des disparités économiques. L'analyse révèle une inquiétude généralisée face aux multiples dimensions des inégalités : en moyenne, près de sept personnes interrogées sur dix pensent que les ressources économiques devraient être réparties plus équitablement et près de la moitié d'entre elles estiment que les disparités non économiques sont trop importantes. Reconnaissant la nature complexe des inégalités, les personnes interrogées estiment également qu'il est nécessaire d'adopter une approche multipartite. Les gouvernements nationaux sont considérés comme des acteurs clés, mais non exclusifs, et plus de la moitié des répondants estiment que les acteurs publics et privés ont, ensemble, un rôle clé à jouer dans la lutte contre les inégalités.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.43
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Open government data has become a vital instrument for addressing both longstanding and emerging policy issues. In particular, the recent pandemic and the green transition have underscored the need for governments to ensure access to timely, relevant, and high-quality data to foster resilience and facilitate a comprehensive whole-of-society response. This paper presents the main findings of the fourth edition of the OECD Open, Useful, and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index for 2023, which benchmarks efforts made by governments to design and implement national open government data policies. It encompasses over 670 data points collected from 36 OECD countries and 4 accession countries throughout 2022.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Travail, origine sociale, chance ? Explorer les opinions sur ce qui compte le plus pour réussir dans la vie
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Understanding people’s beliefs of social mobility is key to designing and implementing policy mixes that address structural disparities and garner broad public support. Beliefs in social mobility may help strengthen the social contract; however, strongly held views on the role of individual effort in determining success in life can also contribute to diminishing support for policies designed to promote greater opportunity for vulnerable populations and reduce inequality. Drawing on data from the Opportunities module of the 2022 wave of the OECD Risks that Matter survey, this policy insights investigates people’s views of the main determinants of social mobility in 27 OECD countries. On average, 60% of respondents believe that hard work is essential or very important in determining one’s social position. However, of this majority, only one-fifth believe that working hard is the only key factor to success.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264877306
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe France: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: Ce profil fournit un aperçu concis de l'état de santé et du système de santé en France, dans le cadre de la série des profils de santé par pays de l'initiative sur l'état de santé dans l'UE. Il présente une analyse succincte de l'état de santé de la population en France ; les déterminants de la santé, en mettant l'accent sur les facteurs de risque comportementaux ; l'organisation du système de santé français ; et une évaluation de l'efficacité, l'accessibilité et la résilience du système de santé. L'édition 2023 présente aussi une section thématique sur la santé mentale en France. Ce profil est le fruit d'une collaboration entre l'OCDE et l'Observatoire européen des systèmes et des politiques de santé, en coopération avec la Commission Européenne.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264840881
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Ireland, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Ireland; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Irish healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Ireland. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.164
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In response to the increase of cyberattacks in health care settings, the Health Committee of the OECD asked for a paper on Digital Security as part of the OECD ongoing work on health data governance. This working paper emphasizes that as the healthcare industry undergoes digital transformation it brings significant benefits while simultaneously escalating the vulnerability to cyber threats. This working paper summarises survey results based on the OECD framework for digital security risk management. The paper reveals varying levels of digital security alignment among countries, with Ireland and Korea exhibiting full alignment. Countries with specific strategies for digital security in health showed higher alignment to leading practices. The paper identifies key areas for improvement, including fostering a digital security culture through training, strengthening strategy and governance, and embedding risk assessment and treatment. The paper also emphasises the need for collaboration on innovative tools to detect and manage digital security threats, such as multi-factor authentication and encryption. These collaborative efforts are essential to safeguard the digital foundations of modern healthcare systems and ensure the security of health data and services.
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