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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taming wildfires in the context of climate change: The case of the United States (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef69cc94-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benefit Reforms for Inclusive Societies in the United States : Income Security During Joblessness (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264622173 , 9789264626126 , 9789264859616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and facilitate a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. They are a crucial policy lever for adapting to the major societal, technological and environmental transitions of our time. This report on the United States is the second of a number of OECD country reviews of income support policies. Each report analyses key policy challenges, discusses recent reform initiatives, and identifies good practices from other OECD countries. The report examines the reach and generosity of unemployment insurance and other income support for working age households, with a special focus on disadvantaged labour market groups. What are key gaps in benefit receipt between wage- and salaried employees and non-standard workers (part-time workers, those on temporary contracts, and self-employed workers including own-account workers)? What factors, including race/ethnicity and gender, drive non-entitlement to unemployment compensation? The report examines these questions, considers the impact of recent extensions to the unemployment insurance programme in response to the COVID pandemic, and outlines policy directions for strengthening out-of-work support.
    DOI: 10.1787/32d8f005-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The adoption of innovation in international development organisations : Lessons for development co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.112
    Keywords: Entwicklungsorganisation ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Development ; France ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Addressing 21st century development challenges requires investments in innovation, including the use of new approaches and technologies. Currently, many development organisations prioritise investments in isolated innovation pilots that leverage a specific approach or technology rather than pursuing a strategic approach to expand the organisation’s toolbox with innovations that have proven their comparative advantage over what is currently used. This Working Paper addresses this challenge of adopting innovations. How can development organisations institutionalise a new way of working, bringing what was once novel to the core of how business is done? Analysing successful adoption efforts across five DAC agencies, the paper lays out a proposed process for the adoption of innovations. The paper features five case-studies and concludes with a set of lessons and recommendations for policy makers on innovation management generally, and adoption of innovation in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/21f63c69-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Not lost in translation : The implications of machine translation technologies for language professionals and for broader society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1d1d170-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Six questions about the demand for artificial intelligence skills in labour markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.286
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This study responds to six key questions about the impact that the demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) skills is having on labour markets. What are the occupations where AI skills are most relevant? How do different AI-relevant skills combine in job requirements? How quickly is the demand for AI-related skills diffusing across labour markets and what is the relationship between AI skill demands and the demand for cognitive skills across jobs? Finally, are AI skills leading to a wage premium and how different are the wage returns associated with AI and routine skills? To shed light on these aspects, this study leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to analyse the information contained in millions of job postings collected from the internet.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac1bebf0-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United States 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273498 , 9789264665484 , 9789264580060
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; USA ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The United States, the world’s largest economy, has made progress in reducing several environmental pressures while maintaining one of the highest Gross Domestic Products per capita in the world. It has decoupled emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, water abstractions and domestic material consumption from economic and population growth. However, high consumption levels, intensive agricultural practices, climate change and urban sprawl continue to put pressure on the natural environment. Despite the recent acceleration of action to address climate change, further efforts are needed to achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The United States is also among the major contributors to marine litter with serious consequences for communities and the environment. The review provides 30 recommendations to help the United States improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on marine litter and a cross-cutting focus on environmental justice. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United States. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/47675117-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What is the role of data in jobs in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States? : A natural language processing approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/05
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Canada ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This paper estimates the data intensity of occupations/sectors (i.e. the share of job postings per occupation/sector related to the production of data) using natural language processing (NLP) on job advertisements in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. Online job advertisement data collected by Lightcast provide timely and disaggregated insights into labour demand and skill requirements of different professions. The paper makes three major contributions. First, indicators created from the Lightcast data add to the understanding of digital skills in the labour market. Second, the results may advance the measurement of data assets in national account statistics. Third, the NLP methodology can handle up to 66 languages and can be adapted to measure concepts beyond digital skills. Results provide a ranking of data intensity across occupations, with data analytics activities contributing most to aggregate data intensity shares in all three countries. At the sectoral level, the emerging picture is more heterogeneous across countries. Differences in labour demand primarily explain those variations, with low data-intensive professions contributing most to aggregate data intensity in the United Kingdom. Estimates of investment in data, using a sum of costs approach and sectoral intensity shares, point to lower levels in the United Kingdom and Canada than in the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa65d29e-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leapfrogging and plunging in regional entrepreneurship performance in the United States, with European comparisons (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.44
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper analyses persistence and change in the regional league table of entrepreneurship performance in the United States in comparison with England and Wales and West Germany. It examines whether regional rankings in start-up and self-employment rates in the United States are as sticky over time as in these European countries over approximately century, half-century and 30-year periods, or whether the United States is different. It identifies the types of regions that improve markedly ("leapfroggers") or decline sharply ("plungers") in their league table positions and the reasons for these changes and compares the countries on these issues. The paper draws out policy implications on regional levelling-up of entrepreneurship activity. It also sets out an agenda for further research.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc031b11-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Five Countries : Insights from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fd44e6c-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
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    The impact of AI on the workplace: Main findings from the OECD AI surveys of employers and workers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: New OECD surveys of employers and workers in the manufacturing and finance sectors of seven countries shed new light on the impact that Artificial Intelligence has on the workplace —an under-researched area to date due to lack of data. The findings suggest that both workers and their employers are generally very positive about the impact of AI on performance and working conditions. However, there are also concerns, including about job loss—an issue that should be closely monitored. The surveys also indicate that, while many workers trust their employers when it comes to the implementation of AI in the workplace, more can be done to improve trust. In particular, the surveys show that both training and worker consultation are associated with better outcomes for workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea0a0fe1-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
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    Comparing access to urban parks across six OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.45
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Estonia ; France ; Greece ; Mexico ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: This work leverages globally consistent data on parks from Google Maps, in combination with the computational power of Google Maps Directions API to quantify accessibility to parks across nearly 500 metropolitan areas in six countries: Estonia, France, Greece, Mexico, Sweden, and the United States. We combined high resolution population data from Worldpop with parks data and navigation estimates to measure: (1) Fraction of the population with access to parks within a 10-minute walk; and (2) the median walking time to the closest park. We find large differences in access to parks between countries, as well as large variability across cities and their respective commuting zones. To demonstrate how this framework can support cross country comparisons and efforts to track progress towards SDG11, we assessed access to parks by income group in selected countries, finding that the median walking time to a park is shorter for residents of low income neighbourhoods both in French and American metropolitan areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d17ce4c-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taming Wildfires in the Context of Climate Change (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264617742 , 9789264654457 , 9789264860988
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Feuer ; Brandschutz ; Klimawandel ; Welt ; Feuer ; Brandschutz ; Klimawandel ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia ; Costa Rica ; Greece ; Portugal ; United States
    Abstract: This report provides a global assessment and outlook on wildfire risk in the context of climate change. It discusses the drivers behind the growing incidence of extreme wildfires and the attribution effect of climate change. It outlines the environmental, social and economic impacts of wildfires by illustrating the losses and costs observed during recent extreme wildfire events. Building on this, the report presents the findings of a cross-country comparative analysis of how countries’ policies and practices have evolved in recent years in light of observed and projected changes in wildfire risk. The analysis draws on in-depth case studies conducted in Australia, Costa Rica, Greece, Portugal and the United States. The report underlines the urgent need for governments to scale up climate change adaptation efforts to limit future wildfire costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/dd00c367-en
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  • 13
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    Bricks, Taxes and Spending : Solutions for Housing Equity across Levels of Government (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264464940 , 9789264449527 , 9789264980433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Keywords: Wohneigentum ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Grundsteuer ; Einkommensverteilung ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; USA ; Belgien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Governance ; Belgium ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; United States
    Abstract: This report addresses housing inequities through a series of analytical chapters and case studies. The cross-country chapters examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing demand, develop a proposal for a green land value tax, evaluate the dynamics between fiscal autonomy and housing supply responsiveness, as well as explore the drivers of inter-regional migration. The case studies unravel the changes of Korea's progressive national property tax and a programme to address regional imbalances, assess the impact of the US property tax system on housing, dive into Norway's property taxation in relation to inequality, as well as survey Belgium's approaches to housing policy. With a blend of empirical data and critical analysis, the report underscores the pressing need for comprehensive strategies in addressing housing inequities. It also offers insights for policymakers and scholars, highlighting the complex balance between national and local housing policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a22f9a6-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
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    Schools as hubs for social and emotional learning : Are schools and teachers ready? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.4
    Keywords: Education ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Colombia ; Finland ; Korea, Republic of ; Portugal ; Türkiye ; United States
    Abstract: Schools are perfect hubs for social and emotional learning, but are they ready for this task? To address this question, this Spotlight reports previously unpublished findings from the OECD’s Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) and discusses their implications for education policy and practice. Both an active promotion in schools and extensive learning opportunities for teachers on relevant topics provide a fertile ground for an effective social and emotional education. They boost teachers’ self-efficacy and use of active learning pedagogies, as well as quality relationships at school. The Spotlight also points to important differences for teachers of 10- vs. 15-year-old students that can explain higher skills at a younger age. Younger students benefit more often from key elements of an effective social and emotional education in school, i.e. the evaluation of their social and emotional skills and teachers teaming up with parents to reinforce skill promotion. Teachers of 10-year-olds are also more intensively trained and requested to promote social and emotional learning in their work.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6d12db7-en
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  • 15
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    Selected policy challenges for the American middle class (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1748
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: The American middle class has shrunk in size since 1970 according to most definitions. This “hollowing” out of the United States income distribution could result in disillusionment, diminished political engagement, and declining trust in institutions. The American middle class faces two major challenges, among others. First, child care costs in the United States are high and availability is low. Improving enrolment in child care has the potential to reverse the fall in female labour market participation since the financial crisis and result in improved well-being and economic growth. Public funding for child care programmes should be raised, and programme eligibility should be widened to benefit middle-income parents. Second, the climate transition will entail major changes to middle-class lifestyles. Reductions in US household emissions from housing and transportation will be key to achieving the overall emission reduction targets, and may prove costly. Workers in carbon-intensive sectors of the economy and households living in regions that rely on carbon-intensive activities will be affected as resources shift to greener sectors. A national climate strategy should be developed that explicitly takes into account emissions inequalities and the redistributive effects of climate policies. Active labour market policies will be key to achieving a just transition, and existing home weatherisation programmes should be expanded to cover the middle-class.
    DOI: 10.1787/1b864f22-en
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  • 16
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    PISA 2022 Results (Volume I) : The State of Learning and Equity in Education (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (491 pages)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education--Demographic aspects ; Education--Evaluation ; Education and state ; Electronic books ; Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. Volume VI: Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? explores students' ability to examine issues of local, global and cultural significance; understand and appreciate the perspectives and worldviews of others; engage in open, appropriate and effective interactions across cultures; and take action for collective well-being and sustainable development.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    DOI: 10.1787/53f23881-en
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  • 17
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    PISA 2022 Results (Volume II) : Learning During - and From - Disruption (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264898219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 pages)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education--Demographic aspects ; Education--Evaluation ; Education and state ; Electronic books ; Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. Volume VI: Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? explores students' ability to examine issues of local, global and cultural significance; understand and appreciate the perspectives and worldviews of others; engage in open, appropriate and effective interactions across cultures; and take action for collective well-being and sustainable development.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    DOI: 10.1787/a97db61c-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 18
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    Enhancing Rural Innovation in the United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866683 , 9789264697263 , 9789264367203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: When it comes to high-tech innovations, the United States leads the path amongst OECD economies. However, in the context of the national record-breaking activities in high tech innovation, there lies distinct and growing geographical disparities. This report dives into strategies for better understanding innovation that occurs in rural places, and places outside major metropolitan areas, often going beyond science and technology. It provides analysis and recommendations to support regional development initiatives aimed at closing the gaps in innovation between rural and urban areas. The report includes a special topic chapter on the role of broadband and education in rural areas, exploring trends and providing policy recommendations to enhance rural innovation through these specific and critical framework conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/22a8261b-en
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  • 19
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    Career Readiness Review: The Commonwealth of Virginia, United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264975965 , 9789264873797 , 9789264409347
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: This report assesses how the United States Commonwealth of Virginia is preparing young people for their working lives through career development. It builds on OECD longitudinal analyses which identify forms of career development that can be most confidently associated with better employment outcomes for young people. Collecting data from current secondary school students and young adults in the labour market, the report provides an oversight of career development in Virginia. It then explores the extent to which students are being effectively, efficiently and equitably prepared for their working lives through career guidance programmes. Career readiness is a policy of high importance and the report identifies many strengths within the Virginia system. In order to enhance provision however, there is need to update career readiness standards, frameworks and instruments, and to engage employers and people in work more systematically within guidance activities. Opportunity exists to better amplify labour market signalling, particularly with regard to the skilled trades. The report highlights international practice that can be expected to reduce inequalities in provision, linked especially to the socio-economic backgrounds of students and their geographic location. Here, scope exists notably to draw on digital technologies to enhance provision.
    DOI: 10.1787/a5ff0e6c-en
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  • 20
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    The environmental sustainability competence toolbox : From leaving a better planet for our children to leaving better children for our planet (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.275
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the second in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The first paper is titled ‘Young people’s environmental sustainability competence: Emotional, cognitive, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/27991ec0-en
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  • 21
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    Cross-border Data Flows : Taking Stock of Key Policies and Initiatives (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade ; Science and Technology ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/5031dd97-en
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  • 22
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    Swimming skills around the world : Evidence on inequalities in life skills across and within countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.281
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hong Kong, China ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Being able to swim empowers individuals to make choices, have agency, and be free to choose core aspects of their life, such as working safely on or near water. It is also associated with lifelong health benefits and reduces the risk of drowning. Using data from the Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll 2019, this paper provides the first global estimates of adults’ ability to swim without assistance. Individuals in high-income countries are considerably more likely to report being able to swim without assistance than individuals in low-income countries. Disparities also exist within countries. In particular, women are less likely to be able to swim without assistance than men in virtually all countries, birth cohorts, and levels of education. Investing in reducing inequalities in life skills, such as swimming, can foster economic development and empowerment, especially in light of threats, such as climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c2c8862-en
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    Paying for results : Contracting out employment services through outcome-based payment schemes in OECD countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.267
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Finland ; France ; Ireland ; Italy ; Korea, Republic of ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: OECD countries deliver publicly-funded employment services through different institutional arrangements. While in most OECD countries the majority of such services are delivered by public employment services, in two in five OECD and EU countries (or regions) they are partly or fully contracted out to external providers, including for-profit and not-for-profit entities. Contracting out employment services to outside providers offers many potential benefits: an increased flexibility to scale capacity in line with changes in unemployment, the possibility of offering services more cost-effectively, the option to better tailor services through the use of specialised service providers and the possibility to offer jobseekers choice of providers. However, achieving these benefits will depend on the actual design and monitoring of the contracting arrangements that are put in place. Focusing on the job brokerage, counselling and case-management employment services typically provided by public agencies, this paper reviews the experiences of OECD countries that have contracted out employment services through outcome-based payment schemes. It highlights the need to carefully consider questions related to the design and implementation of this form of contracting: fostering competition amongst potential providers, setting appropriate minimum service requirements and prices for different client groups, and ensuring the accountability of providers through monitoring and evaluations. These issues are discussed based on country examples, which are also detailed in factsheets contained in the online annex of the paper.
    DOI: 10.1787/c6392a59-en
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  • 24
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    New gig work or changes in reporting? : Understanding self-employment trends in tax data (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.278
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; United States
    Abstract: Rising self-employment rates in U.S. tax data that are absent in survey data have led to speculation that tax records capture a rise in new “gig” work that surveys miss. Drawing on the universe of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax returns, we show that trends in firm-reported payments to “gig” and other contract workers do not explain the rise in self-employment reported to the IRS; rather, that increase is driven by self-reported earnings of individuals in the EITC phase-in range. We isolate pure reporting responses from real labor supply responses by examining births of workers’ first children around an end-of-year cutoff for credit eligibility that creates exogenous variation in tax rates at the end of the tax year after labor supply decisions are already sunk. We find that exposing workers with sunk labor supply to negative marginal tax rates results in large increases in their propensity to self-report self-employment—only a small minority of which leads to bunching at kink-points. Consistent with pure strategic reporting behavior, we find no impact on reporting among taxpayers with no incentive to report additional income and no effects on firm-reported payments of any kind. Moreover, we find these reporting responses have grown over time as knowledge of tax incentives has become widespread. Quantitatively, our results suggest that as much as 59 percent of the growth in self-employment rates, and all counter-cyclicality, can be attributed to changes in reporting behavior that are independent of changes in the nature of work. Our findings suggest caution is warranted before deferring to administrative data over survey data when measuring labor market trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/26465814-en
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  • 25
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    OECD Development Co‑operation Peer Reviews: United States 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264922600 , 9789264967731 , 9789264463127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : États-Unis 2022
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; USA ; Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. The United States has led with substantial ODA contributions in response to multiple crises. Twenty-one US government agencies programme and deliver foreign assistance. USAID systematically incorporates collaboration, learning and adapting in its programme cycle and works to increase diversity, equity and inclusion by championing locally-led approaches. This peer review provides a set of recommendations for the United States to mitigate negative transboundary effects of its policies, promote more flexible budget appropriations in line with needs, equip its development finance institution to deliver and adopt a clearer approach to multilateral partnerships. It recommends that the United States puts development effectiveness at the heart of localisation, reinforce human resources, and consider conflict prevention in all country programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/6da3a74e-en
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  • 26
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    Young people’s environmental sustainability competence : Emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.274
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the first in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The second paper is titled: ‘The environmental sustainability competence toolbox: From leaving a better planet to our children to leaving better children for our planet’.
    DOI: 10.1787/1097a78c-en
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  • 27
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    Does Higher Education Teach Students to Think Critically? (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264829855 , 9789264954960 , 9789264848290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (267 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Australia ; Chile ; Finland ; Italy ; Mexico ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: There is a discernible and growing gap between the qualifications that a university degree certifies and the actual generic, 21st-century skills with which students graduate from higher education. By generic skills, it is meant literacy and critical thinking skills encompassing problem solving, analytic reasoning and communications competency. As automation takes over non- and lower-cognitive tasks in today’s workplace, these generic skills are especially valued but a tertiary degree is a poor indicator of skills level. In the United States, the Council for Aid for Education developed an assessment of generic skills called the CLA+ and carried out testing in six countries between 2016 and 2021. This book provides the data and analysis of this “CLA+ International Initiative”.
    DOI: 10.1787/cc9fa6aa-en
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  • 28
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    Towards a skills strategy for Southeast Asia : skills for post-COVID recovery and growth (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Humankapital ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Südostasien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Australia ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Germany ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; United States ; Viet Nam ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic will require countries to co-ordinate interventions to help recent graduates find jobs, reactivate the skills of displaced workers and use skills effectively in workplaces. Megatrends such as globalisation, climate change, technological progress and demographic change will continue to reshape work and society. Countries should take action now to develop and use more effectively the skills required for the world of the future and at the same time make their skills systems more resilient and adaptable in the context of change and uncertainty. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a strategic approach to assess their skills challenges and opportunities. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework allowing countries to explore how they can improve i) developing relevant skills, ii) using skills effectively, and iii) strengthening the governance of the skills system. This report applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to Southeast Asia, providing an overview of the region’s skills challenges and opportunities in the context of COVID-19 and megatrends, and identifying good practices for improving skills outcomes. This report lays the foundation for a more fully elaborated Skills Strategy for Southeast Asia.
    DOI: 10.1787/6db0907f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 29
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    To what extent can blockchain help development co-operation actors meet the 2030 Agenda? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.95
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Blockchain ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Australia ; Bangladesh ; Estonia ; Ghana ; India ; Jordan ; Kenya ; Nigeria ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; Senegal ; South Africa ; United States ; Vanuatu
    Abstract: Blockchain is mainstreaming, but the number of blockchain for development use-cases with proven success beyond the pilot stage remain relatively few. This paper outlines key blockchain concepts and implications in order to help policymakers reach realistic conclusions when considering its use. The paper surveys the broad landscape of blockchain for development to identify where the technology can optimise development impact and minimise harm. It subsequently critically examines four successful applications, including the World Food Programme’s Building Blocks, Oxfam’s UnBlocked Cash project, KfW’s TruBudget and Seso Global. As part of the on-going work co-ordinated by the OECD’s Blockchain Policy Centre, this paper asserts that post-COVID-19, Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors and their development partners have a unique opportunity to shape blockchain’s implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/11857cb5-en
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  • 30
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    Fighting Tax Crime – The Ten Global Principles, Second Edition (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264572874 , 9789264807143 , 9789264522725
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Steuerstrafrecht ; Steuerfahndung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Taxation ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Azerbaijan ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Estonia ; France ; Georgia ; Germany ; Greece ; Honduras ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: First published in 2017, Fighting Tax Crime - The Ten Global Principles is the first comprehensive guide to fighting tax crimes. It sets out ten essential principles covering the legal, institutional, administrative, and operational aspects necessary for developing an efficient and effective system for identifying, investigating and prosecuting tax crimes, while respecting the rights of accused taxpayers. This second edition addresses new challenges, such as tackling professionals who enable tax and white-collar crimes, and fostering international co-operation in the recovery of assets. Drawing on the experiences of jurisdictions in all continents, the report also highlights successful cases relating to the misuse of virtual assets, complex investigations involving joint task forces, and the use of new technology tools to fight tax crimes and other financial crimes. The Ten Global Principles are an essential element of the OECD’s Oslo Dialogue, a whole-of-government approach for fighting tax crimes and illicit financial flows. Alongside the policy document, the second edition is joined by 33 country chapters, detailing jurisdictions’ domestic tax crime enforcement frameworks as well as the progress made in implementing the Ten Global Principles. These chapters are available separately online.
    DOI: 10.1787/006a6512-en
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    Building Agricultural Resilience to Natural Hazard-induced Disasters : Insights from Country Case Studies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264911260 , 9789264348738 , 9789264752788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Landwirtschaft ; Coping-Strategie ; Chile ; Italien ; Japan ; Namibia ; Neuseeland ; Türkei ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Chile ; Italy ; Japan ; Namibia ; New Zealand ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID), such as floods, droughts, severe storms, and animal pests and diseases have significant, widespread and long-lasting impacts on agricultural sectors around the world. With climate change set to amplify many of these impacts, a “business-as-usual” approach to disaster risk management in agriculture cannot continue if we are to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability growth, and sustainable development. Drawing from seven case studies – Chile, Italy, Japan, Namibia, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States – this joint OECD-FAO report argues for a new approach to building resilience to NHID in agriculture. It explores the policy measures, governance arrangements, on-farm strategies and other initiatives that countries are using to increase agricultural resilience to NHID, highlighting emerging good practices. It offers concrete recommendations on what more needs to be done to shift from coping with the impacts of disasters, to an ex ante approach that focuses on preventing and mitigating the impacts of disasters, helping the sector be better prepared to respond to disasters, and to adapt and transform in order to be better positioned for future disasters.
    DOI: 10.1787/49eefdd7-en
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  • 32
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    Schooling during a pandemic : the experience and outcomes of schoolchildren during the first round of COVID-19 lockdowns (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264579019 , 9789264366824 , 9789264955110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thorn, William Schooling during a pandemic
    Keywords: OECD ; Schüler ; Schulbesuch ; Telearbeit ; Psychische Krankheit ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Gesundheit ; COVID-19 ; Fernstudium ; Fernunterricht ; Lernen ; E-Learning ; Student ; Schüler ; Elternarbeit ; Schule ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This report offers an initial overview of the available information regarding the circumstances, nature and outcomes of the education of schoolchildren during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020. Its purpose is primarily descriptive: it presents information from high quality quantitative studies on the experience of learning during this period in order to ground the examination and discussion of these issues in empirical examples. Information is presented on three interrelated topics: the nature of the educational experience during the period of lockdowns and school closures; the home environment in which education took place for the vast majority of schoolchildren; the effects on the mental health and learning outcomes for children during this period. The data come primarily from 5 countries (France, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States) with additional information on some aspects for 6 additional countries (Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Canada, Finland, Italy and the Netherlands). This report will be of interest to policy makers, academics, education stakeholders and anyone interested in a first international empirical analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the lives and education of schoolchildren.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c78681e-en
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  • 33
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    Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264545458 , 9789264390027 , 9789264367715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 192 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Lehrkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Vocational education and training (VET) plays a central role in preparing young people for work, developing the skills of adults and responding to the labour-market needs of the economy. Teachers and leaders in VET can have an immediate and positive influence on learners’ skills, employability and career development. However, when compared to general academic programmes, there is limited evidence on the characteristics of teachers and institutional leaders in VET and the policies and practices of attracting and preparing them. VET teachers require a mix of pedagogical skills and occupational knowledge and experience, and need to keep these up to date to reflect changing skill needs in the labour market and evolving teaching and learning environments. This report fills the knowledge gap on teachers and leaders in VET, and produces new insights into what strategies and policies can help develop and maintain a well-prepared workforce. It zooms in on VET teacher shortages; strategies for attracting and retaining teachers; initial training and professional development opportunities for teachers; the use of innovative technologies and pedagogical strategies; and the important role of institutional leaders and strategies for better preparing and supporting them.
    DOI: 10.1787/59d4fbb1-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 34
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    Good regulatory practices and co-operation in trade agreements : A historical perspective and stocktaking (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regulatory Policy Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Australia ; Brazil ; Brunei Darussalam ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Japan ; Mexico ; New Zealand ; Peru ; Singapore ; United States ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This paper presents a stocktaking of standalone chapters in trade agreements dedicated to good regulatory practices and international regulatory co-operation. While standalone regulatory policy chapters in trade agreements remain a new development, they signal countries’ increasing interest in elevating the visibility and ambition of regulatory policy, in line with their commitments in the 2012 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance and the 2005 APEC-OECD Integrated Checklist on Regulatory Reform. Still, the level of ambition of these chapters varies widely depending on the state of play of regulatory policy in trading partners. By comparing the main substantive and structural features of these chapters, this stocktaking aims to inform the development of similar chapters in future trade agreements.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf520646-en
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  • 35
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    Data for Development Profiles : Official Development Assistance for Data and Statistical Systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264597846 , 9789264337947 , 9789264333444
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Statistische Methode ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Sound and timely data and statistics are essential for designing better policies for better lives. When the right data are available and used by policy makers, they play a crucial role in managing crises, as revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are also indispensable for transparent and accountable delivery of policies and services and to guide business and investment decisions in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first 2021 edition of the OECD’s Data for Development Profiles is a unique source of information and insights on how members of the Development Co-operation Committee (DAC) allocate official development assistance (ODA) to statistical capacity development and strengthening data ecosystems in low and middle income countries. By providing a comprehensive overview of members’ data and statistical policy priorities, strategies, funding, delivery modalities and partnerships, the profiles serve as a baseline for co-ordinating international support and highlight ways forward for greater impact and effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/84baa8f3-en
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  • 36
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    Building the resilience of the United States’ agricultural sector to extreme floods (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.161
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; United States
    Abstract: Agricultural producers in the United States have significant experience in managing the risk of natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID), but the 2019 Midwestern Floods and Hurricane Florence in 2018 highlighted the importance of increasing resilience to extreme floods. A number of current practices already build resilience. Producers can access science-based information on adaptation to climate and weather-related risks, preparedness and recovery, including through the USDA Climate Hubs. Formal networks build relationships and capabilities before a disaster, improving the effectiveness of disaster preparedness and response. USDA conservation programmes and various soil health initiatives help farmers to mitigate the impacts of floods on production. However, most farm support is directed to agricultural risk management policies and disaster assistance that help producers cope with the impacts of NHID. Integrating resilience objectives into these programmes would send a clearer signal to producers about the need to adapt and increase resilience. Policy makers should also engage with trusted stakeholders – including farm organisations and extension agents – to promote the benefits of practices that build resilience to NHID ID.
    DOI: 10.1787/edb6494b-en
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  • 37
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    Teaching and learning in VET: Providing effective practical training in school-based settings (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Coronavirus ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; France ; Germany ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis is leading to reductions in work-based learning opportunities for vocational education and training (VET) students.This policy brief argues that VET programmes can be adapted to deliver practical components of VET in school-based settings when there is a persistent shortage of work-based learning opportunities. It also describes how innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and simulators can be utilised to facilitate school-based delivery of practical learning, but also to improve the effectiveness of face-to-face and online teaching in VET in the longer‑term.
    DOI: 10.1787/64f5f843-en
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  • 38
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    An assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on job and skills demand using online job vacancy data (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsnachfrage ; Anforderungsprofil ; Qualifikation ; Personalbeschaffung ; Coronavirus ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This policy brief uses online job vacancy postings as a partial indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on skills demand in five OECD countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) between January and November 2020. The pandemic, as well as containment and mitigation measures designed to halt its spread, had a large but heterogeneous impact on the demand for skills. By early May, the total volume of online job vacancies had fallen by over 50% in all the countries analysed with respect to the beginning of the year, with even larger declines in some sectors. However, the demand for specific skills in the healthcare sector and in logistics increased. There is also evidence of an increase in vacancies involving remote-working arrangements. The brief also shows that the crisis affected differently individuals with different levels of educational qualifications and that such effect differed across the countries analysed.
    DOI: 10.1787/20fff09e-en
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  • 39
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    The Economic Benefits of Air Quality Improvements in Arctic Council Countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813274 , 9789264539976 , 9789264956902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arctic Council ; Luftreinhaltung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Arktis ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Canada ; Denmark ; Finland ; Iceland ; Norway ; Russian Federation ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: The Arctic is a vital region that helps preserve the balance of the global climate. The Arctic environment is particularly sensitive to short-lived climate pollutants, including black carbon, due to their strong warming effect. With ambitious policy action to reduce air pollutants, Arctic Council countries would obtain a positive effect on health and the environment throughout their territory, while also helping to slow down climate change by reducing emissions of black carbon. This report calls for ambitious policy action to reduce air pollution in Arctic Council countries, highlighting the environmental, health, and economic benefits from policy action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c46037d-en
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  • 40
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    How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264685932
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (366 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Many Latin American countries have experienced improvements in income over recent decades, with several of them now classified as high-income or upper middle-income in terms of conventional metrics. But has this change been mirrored in improvements across the different areas of people's lives? How's Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making addresses this question by presenting comparative evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with a focus on 11 LAC countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay).
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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    Gender and the Environment Building Evidence and Policies to Achieve the SDGs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264897632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (319 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2081
    Keywords: Women and the environment ; Environmental policy--Social aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Gender equality and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing, with slow progress on environmental actions affecting the achievement of gender equality, and vice versa. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires targeted and coherent actions.
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  • 42
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    OECD Urban Studies The Circular Economy in Granada, Spain (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264510340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (104 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: While the COVID-19 crisis has put many economic activities on hold, notably tourism, a pillar of Granada's economy, it has also created a momentum towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns, in line with carbon neutrality goals.
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  • 43
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    Social Institutions and Gender Index SIGI 2021 Regional Report for Southeast Asia (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (134 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Achieving gender equality and tackling discriminatory laws, social norms and practices set a direct path toward a more inclusive economy and society. The SIGI 2021 Regional Report for Southeast Asia provides new evidence-based analysis on the setbacks and progress in achieving gender equality between 2014 and 2019 in 11 countries.
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  • 44
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    Budgeting for loans and guarantees: The United States Federal Credit Reform Act (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 21, no. 3 | volume:21 | year:2021 | number:3
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:21
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Barry B. Anderson
    DOI: 10.1787/84ea2b08-en
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  • 45
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    Social Institutions and Gender Index Man Enough? Measuring Masculine Norms to Promote Women’s Empowerment (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264707054
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (92 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Masculinities can either support or hinder women's empowerment and greater gender equality. However, a lack of consistent and comparable data hinders efforts to understand and assess harmful, restrictive masculinities. This report identifies and describes ten norms of restrictive masculinities to be urgently addressed within the political, economic and private spheres.
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  • 46
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    Synthesising good practices in fiscal federalism : key recommendations from 15 years of country surveys (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 28 (April 2020)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.28
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; India ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Spain ; Switzerland ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The design of intergovernmental fiscal relations can help to ensure that tax and spending powers are assigned in a way to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Decentralisation can enable sub-central governments to provide better public services for households and firms, while it can also make intergovernmental frameworks more complex, harming equity. The challenges of fiscal federalism are multi-faceted and involve difficult trade-offs. This synthesis paper consolidates much of the OECD’s work on fiscal federalism over the past 15 years, with a particular focus on OECD Economic Surveys. The paper identifies a range of good practices on the design of country policies and institutions related strengthening fiscal capacity delineating responsibilities across evels of government and improving intergovernmental co-ordination.
    DOI: 10.1787/89cd0319-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 47
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    Early Learning and Child Well-being in the United States (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264972223 , 9789264387362 , 9789264720404
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Early learning and child well-being in the United States
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinder ; Sozialer Indikator ; USA ; Education ; United States ; USA ; Kleinkinderziehung ; Sozialer Indikator
    Abstract: The first five years of a child’s life is a period of great opportunity, and risk. The cognitive and social-emotional skills that children develop in these early years have long-lasting impacts on their later outcomes throughout schooling and adulthood. This report sets out the findings from the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study in the United States. The study assesses children’s skills across both cognitive and social-emotional development, and how these relate to children’s early learning experiences at home and in early childhood education and care. It is enriched by contextual and assessment information from the children’s parents and educators. It provides comparative data on children’s early skills with children from England and Estonia, who also participated in the study, to better identify factors that promote or hinder children’s early learning.
    DOI: 10.1787/198d8c99-en
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  • 48
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    International Compendium of Entrepreneurship Policies (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264329508 , 9789264710146 , 9789264411753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Estonia ; France ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Portugal ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: It is increasingly understood that entrepreneurship plays a critical role in economic growth and well-being. But which policies can governments develop to release its benefits? This publication offers guidance and inspiration. It identifies the range of entrepreneurship policies being pursued internationally, the problems the policies seek to solve and how they are designed and implemented. The focus is on how to create a broad base of start-ups with the potential for sustainability and growth by building a pipeline of new entrepreneurs, supporting start-ups to overcome barriers in areas such as skills, finance and innovation and stimulating vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems. The publication examines the rationale for entrepreneurship policy, presents a typology of policy approaches and highlights principles for policy success. The points are illustrated by 16 case studies of inspiring practice policies from 12 OECD countries. These cases span policies for regulations and taxation, entrepreneurship education and training, advice and coaching, access to finance, internationalisation, innovation, and holistic packages for ecosystem building. Helpful summary tables guide readers to the information that will respond to their questions. The publication will give readers an overview of key entrepreneurship policy interventions and tips on entrepreneurship policy success.
    DOI: 10.1787/338f1873-en
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  • 49
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    The impact of COVID-19 on SME financing : A special edition of the OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Australia ; Austria ; Azerbaijan ; Belarus ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; China, People’s Republic ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Georgia ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malaysia ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Peru ; Philippines ; Poland ; Portugal ; Serbia ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Thailand ; Turkey ; Ukraine ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has had a profound impact on SME access to finance. In particular, the sudden drop in revenues created acute liquidity shortages, threatening the survival of many viable businesses. The report documents an increase in demand for bank lending in the first half of 2020, and a steady supply of credit thanks to government interventions. On the other hand, other sources of finance declined, in particular early-stage equity. This paper, a special edition of Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs, focuses on the impacts of COVID-19 on SME access to finance, along with government policy responses. It reveals that the pre-crisis financing environment was broadly favourable for SMEs and entrepreneurs, who benefited from low interest rates, loose credit standards and an increasingly diverse offer of financing instruments. It documents the unprecedented scope and scale of the policy responses undertaken by governments world-wide, and details their key characteristics, and outlines the principal issues and policy challenges for the next phases of the pandemic, such as the over-indebtedness of SMEs and the need to continue to foster a diverse range of financing instruments for SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/ecd81a65-en
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  • 50
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    Labour demand weakening during the COVID-19 pandemic in US cities : Stylised facts and factors related to regional resilience (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2020/06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United States
    Abstract: This paper explores patterns of short-term labour demand weakening in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) of the United States and the associated regional factors. The paper considers online job vacancy postings in February-June 2020. The data show that in larger MSAs, online job postings contracted more and the recovery was slower compared to smaller MSAs. Non-tradable service occupations, particularly those involving face-to-face interactions, contracted the most. The regression analysis reveals that different metropolitan characteristics were associated with the initial drop (February-April) and the recovery (May-June) in online job posting. The associations of online job postings with regional characteristics also differed between teleworkable (with high feasibility of performing work duties remotely) and non-teleworkable jobs. Cities with higher share of teleworkable employment had more online vacancy announcements during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    DOI: 10.1787/700d91ba-en
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  • 51
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    Early Learning and Child Well-being : A Study of Five-year-Olds in England, Estonia, and the United States (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264480865 , 9789264598287 , 9789264751644
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Early learning and child well-being
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Sozialer Indikator ; Kinder ; England ; USA ; Estland ; Education ; Estonia ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The first five years of a child’s life is a period of great opportunity, and risk. The cognitive and social-emotional skills that children develop in these early years have long-lasting impacts on their later outcomes throughout schooling and adulthood. The International Early Learning and Child Well-Being Study was designed to help countries assess their children’s skills and development, to understand how these relate to children’s early learning experiences and well-being. The study provides countries with comparative data on children’s early skills to assist countries to better identify factors that promote or hinder children’s early learning. Three countries participated in this study in 2018: England (United Kingdom), Estonia and the United States. The study directly assessed the emergent literacy and numeracy, self-regulation and social-emotional skills of a representative sample of five-year-old children in registered school and ECEC settings in each participating country. It also collected contextual and assessment information from the children’s parents and teachers. This report sets out the findings from the study as a whole.
    DOI: 10.1787/3990407f-en
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  • 52
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    Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes of Higher Education in Four US States : Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264630710 , 9789264780217 , 9789264411494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (450 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education in four US States
    Keywords: Washington (Staat) ; Studium ; Bildungsertrag ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Washington ; Studium ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, higher education graduates enjoy higher employment rates and earnings than workers with only an upper secondary qualification. However, not all graduates find jobs that make full use of their skills and help them launch rewarding careers, and employers in some economic sectors point to a lack of qualified graduates. Policy makers are concerned about the current alignment of higher education systems to labour markets, and are increasingly uneasy about the future of work and the resilience of higher education systems in uncertain economic times. This report, which focuses on four US states – Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington – is the third of a series of country-specific reviews conducted as part of the OECD project on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education. The report offers a comprehensive review of graduate outcomes and policies supporting alignment between higher education and the labour market in the four participating states in 2018-19, an overview of the US labour market and higher education context, and a range of policy examples from across OECD jurisdictions to help improve the alignment of higher education and the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/38361454-en
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  • 53
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    How's Life? 2020 Measuring Well-being (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264728448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (247 pages)
    Series Statement: How's Life?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being ; Electronic books
    Abstract: How's Life? charts whether life is getting better for people in 37 OECD countries and 4 partner countries. This fifth edition presents the latest evidence from an updated set of over 80 indicators, covering current well-being outcomes, inequalities, and resources for future well-being.
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  • 54
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    Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems : Lessons from Six OECD Countries (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264751804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening the governance of skills systems
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Estland ; Deutschland ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Portugal ; USA ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Estonia ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; Portugal ; United States
    Abstract: The governance of skills systems has always raised a number of challenges for governments. Being at the intersection of education, labour market, industrial and other policy domains, managing skills policies is inherently complex. Addressing these challenges is more than ever crucial as globalisation, technological progress and demographic change are putting daunting pressures on skills systems to ensure that all members of society are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems: Lessons from Six OECD Countries provides advice on how to make the governance of skills systems effective. Building on the OECD Skills Strategy 2019, which identified four main challenges of skills systems governance, the report presents examples of how six different countries (Estonia, Germany, Korea, Norway, Portugal and the United States) have responded to one or several of these challenges. It also outlines concrete policy recommendations together with a self-assessment tool which provides guidance to policy makers and stakeholders for designing better skills systems that deliver better skills outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a4bb6ea-en
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  • 55
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    OECD Urban Studies The Circular Economy in Groningen, the Netherlands (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264724426
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (80 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This case study presents the state of the art of the circular economy in Groningen, the main challenges for designing a circular economy strategy and the ways forward for the city's circular transition.
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  • 56
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    Budgeting for federal insurance and retirement programmes : cash or accrual (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 9-26 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:9-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 9-26
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-26
    Keywords: accrual budgeting ; federal retirement ; federal budgeting ; federal insurance ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: Federal retirement programmes and some federal insurance programmes have long-term effects on the budget. But the federal budget process typically uses cash-based accounting measures that cover a 10-year period, which may be too short to accurately report those programmes’ net budgetary effects over the long term. In contrast, using accrual accounting for such programmes would accelerate the recognition of long-term costs and would display the expected costs of new commitments when they were incurred and thus were most controllable. However, such estimates are less transparent and verifiable than cash-based estimates, involve more uncertainty, and can complicate budget reporting.
    DOI: 10.1787/60e41bf0-en
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  • 57
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    Can subnational accounting give an early warning of fiscal risks? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 27-66 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:27-66
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 27-66
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:27-66
    Keywords: monitoring ; fiscal risks ; Subnational accounting ; balance sheets ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: The early detection of state and local fiscal problems can help in resolving them quickly before they turn into crises. Early detection should be easier if subnational governments prepare high-quality accounts. A survey and case studies were therefore undertaken to investigate the nature of subnational accounting in OECD and key partner countries, as well as the use of subnational accounts by national governments that monitor subnational finances. The results show that in many countries subnational accounting has characteristics that should help in the early detection of fiscal problems, including the use of accrual accounts prepared according to largely harmonised standards. Many national governments use a wide range of indicators from the accounts to monitor the financial health of subnational governments. However, there is room for progress including in the monitoring of non-financial assets and reporting of currently off-balance sheet liabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/be73a937-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 58
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    Managing and prioritising public finances and budget in support of strategic development in the Slovak Republic : a targeted budget review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 133-184 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:133-184
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 133-184
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:133-184
    Keywords: budgetary governance ; public financial management ; Slovak Republic ; Governance ; Economics ; Finance and Investment ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This review looks at how the budgeting and public financial management system, as managed and co-ordinated by the Ministry of Finance, effectively supports Principles 2 and 3 of the OECD Recommendation on Budgetary Governance (2015). This report is divided into four sections providing recommendations at the end of each based on the OECD Principles of Budgetary Governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/02e650cd-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 59
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    OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Decentralisation and Regionalisation in Portugal What Reform Scenarios? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264647329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (130 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The report presents a diagnosis of Portugal multi-level governance in international perspectives and highlights the strengths and challenges of the system. It then presents three potential policy paths of regional reform for Portugal. As the options are not mutually exclusive, they could work as complements to each other. The report analyses the conditions under which the reforms may deliver more economic efficiency and regional equity.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 60
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    Designing and implementing gender budgeting : a path to action (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 67-96 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:67-96
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 67-96
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:67-96
    Keywords: equality ; framework ; budgeting ; Gender ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: Gender inequality is an important and visible issue for OECD countries and the costs are borne at both social and economic levels. In line with the 2015 OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life, gender budgeting ensures that gender equality considerations are taken systematically into account in tax and spending decisions. Effective implementation of gender budgeting has the potential to improve gender equality, ensure a sense of fairness and contribute to inclusive economic growth. This paper draws on the experiences of OECD countries and aims to provide insights into how the budget process can develop as a tool to support gender equality goals; the different ways in which gender budgeting can be implemented; and the factors that help provide an enabling environment for gender budgeting. Arising from this analysis, this paper proposes initial guidelines for designing and implementing gender budgeting to assist countries in putting in place an effective and sustainable approach. It also presents a first pass at a composite index for gender budgeting which assesses the extent to which OECD countries gender budgeting efforts are characterised by a strong strategic framework, effective tools of implementation and an enabling environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/689198fa-en
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  • 61
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    OECD Urban Policy Reviews Enhancing Productivity in UK Core Cities Connecting Local and Regional Growth (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264882140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (134 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: With the right policies and sufficient investment in public transport, housing, skills and other key policy areas, Core Cities could become centres of economic activity that pull their regions and the entire UK to higher productivity levels. This report unpacks the productivity puzzle in the UK and offers policy recommendations for the local and national level to achieve higher productivity and more inclusive growth.
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  • 62
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    OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Strengthening Governance of EU Funds under Cohesion Policy Administrative Capacity Building Roadmaps (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264484825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (140 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.9
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Urban-rural migration
    Abstract: This report recommends concrete actions for actors in the ESIF governance system to build and reinforce the administrative and investment management capacity of Managing Authorities throughout the EU. The findings can also benefit non-EU public actors in managing public investment.
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  • 63
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    OECD Urban Studies The Circular Economy in Valladolid, Spain (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (96 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The transition to the circular economy for the city of Valladolid, Spain represents an opportunity for greater attractiveness and competitiveness, while providing responses to environmental challenges. The city of Valladolid aims to be a reference as a sustainable city, reducing waste, lowering the use of raw materials and increasing the use of renewable energy while stimulating economic growth and social well-being.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 64
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    OECD Urban Policy Reviews A Territorial Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals Synthesis report (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264494718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (230 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: In the face of megatrends such as globalisation, climate and demographic change, digitalisation and urbanisation, many cities and regions are grappling with critical challenges to preserve social inclusion, foster economic growth and transition to the low carbon economy. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set the global agenda for the coming decade to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 65
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    OECD Territorial Reviews Regional Policy for Greece Post-2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264647831
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (341 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The Territorial Review of Greece offers analysis and policy guidance to strengthen regional development and well-being. It examines Greece's regional development framework, the EU Cohesion policy and multilevel governance in Greece. Since the global financial crisis, Greece has undertaken an impressive number of structural reforms. Recovery initiated in 2017 but the current COVID-19 pandemic is slowing down Greece's efforts.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 66
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    OECD Public Governance Reviews Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice Fit for All Generations? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264847002
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (156 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Global transformations - from population ageing to digitalisation, rising inequalities and climate change - have created profound uncertainties for young people and future generations, despite unprecedented access to information, education and technology. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened pre-existing challenges in youth's mental health and employment, while raising concerns about the sustainability of public finances.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 67
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    Educational Research and Innovation Education in the Digital Age Healthy and Happy Children (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264706491
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (218 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was a forceful reminder that education plays an important role in delivering not just academic learning, but also in supporting physical and emotional well-being. Balancing traditional "book learning" with broader social and personal development means new roles for schools and education more generally.
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  • 68
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    Managing Environmental and Energy Transitions for Regions and Cities (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264473843
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (147 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This report offers guidance on how to prepare regions and cities for the transition towards a climate-neutral and circular economy by 2050 and is directed to all policymakers seeking to identify and implement concrete and ambitious transition pathways. It describes how cities, regions, and rural areas can manage the transition in a range of policy domains, including energy supply, conversion, and use, the transformation of mobility systems, and land use practices.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 69
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    States of Fragility 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264985162
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (126 pages)
    Series Statement: States of Fragility
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: States of Fragility 2020 sets a policy agenda for fragility at a critical turning point: the final countdown on Agenda 2030 is at hand, and the pandemic has reversed hard-fought gains. This report examines fragility as a story in two parts: the global state of fragility that existed before COVID-19, and the dramatic impact the pandemic is having on that landscape.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 70
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    Gender Equality in Colombia Access to Justice and Politics at the Local Level (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264639485
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (131 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This report assesses women's access to justice and women's political participation in parliament, local councils and civil society organisations in Colombia. It examines existing legal, political and institutional frameworks in order to better understand successes, challenges and implementation gaps in the government's pursuit of access to justice and gender equality.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 71
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    Early Learning and Child Well-being in England (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264438071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (128 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.2309
    Keywords: Education, Preschool ; Learning ; Children ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report sets out the findings from the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study in England. The study assesses children's skills across both cognitive and social-emotional development, and how these relate to children's early learning experiences at home and in early childhood education and care.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    GBV
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  • 72
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    Over the Rainbow? The Road to LGBTI Inclusion (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264523180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (213 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.76
    Keywords: Sexual minorities Civil rights ; Sexual minorities Social conditions ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Discrimination against LGBTI people remains pervasive, while its cost is massive. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the extent to which laws in OECD countries ensure equal treatment of LGBTI people, and of the complementary policies that could help foster LGBTI inclusion.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 73
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    Social Institutions and Gender Index SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264844803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (237 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.4209729
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Gender equality and women's empowerment can only be achieved if countries take action to tackle and eliminate discrimination in their legal frameworks, social norms and practices. The SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean provides new evidence-based analysis on the setbacks and progress in achieving gender equality between 2014 and 2019.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 74
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    West African Studies Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020 Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264314306
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (204 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This report, based on the Africapolis geo-spatial database (www.africapolis.org) covering 7 600 urban agglomerations in 50 African countries, provides detailed analyses of major African urbanisation dynamics placed within historical, environmental and political contexts.
    Abstract: Intro -- The Sahel andWest Africa Club -- Foreword -- The team and acknowledgments -- Table of contents -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Executive summary -- Chapter 1. The challenges of measuring urbanisation in Africa -- THE LIMITATIONS OF OFFICIAL DEFINITIONS OF URBAN -- Three approaches to defining urban -- The absence of a universally accepted definition -- A bias in international statistics on large agglomerations -- THE BENEFITS OF A SPATIAL APPROACH -- Sprawl and urban administrative boundaries -- In situ urbanisation of rural areas -- The formation of metropolitan regions -- AFRICAPOLIS: A NEW VISION OF AFRICAN URBANISATION -- A bottom-up approach -- A complement to national statistics -- Notes -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Geo-statistical analysis of urbanisation dynamics in Africa -- level and pace of urbanisation -- The level of urbanisation -- The pace of urban transition in Africa -- Urban population growth -- Agglomeration size and urban systems -- The distribution of urban networks -- The evolving geography of urban agglomerations -- Transnational and national patterns in urban clusters -- The continued emergence of new agglomerations -- Proximity and distance -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3. History, politics, environment and urban forms in Africa -- HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT -- Demographic conditions of urban growth -- Political contexts and urbanisation -- Environmental context -- LOCAL URBAN FORMS -- The main spatial attractors -- Combinations of spatial attractors -- What models of development for agglomerations? -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4. Africa's new urban dynamics -- Larger agglomerations and new forms of urbanisation -- The dominance of national metropoles -- A new scale of African urbanisation: Metropolitan regions -- The emergence of mega-agglomerations.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 75
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    OECD Urban Studies The Circular Economy in Cities and Regions Synthesis Report (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264976122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (180 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Cities and regions play a fundamental role in the transition from a linear to a circular economy, as they are responsible for key policies in local public services such as transport, solid waste, water and energy that affect citizens' well-being, economic growth and environmental quality. This synthesis report builds on the findings from 51 cities and regions contributing to the OECD Survey on the Circular Economy in Cities and Regions and on lessons learnt from the OECD Policy Dialogues on the circular economy carried out in Groningen (Netherlands), Umeå (Sweden), Valladolid (Spain) and on-going in Glasgow (United Kingdom), Granada (Spain), and Ireland.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 76
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    OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies Ageing and Fiscal Challenges across Levels of Government (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264360266
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (161 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Populations in OECD and emerging economies are ageing rapidly, which will have significant macroeconomic impacts, including on public expenditures and tax revenues. The rules and practices that govern fiscal relations among different levels of government, such as their responsibilities for taxation, spending and debt management, have a bearing on economic efficiency and ultimately growth.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 77
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    Insolvency Frameworks for State and Local Governments (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 20, no. 2 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States
    Abstract: Insolvency frameworks stipulate rules and procedures to resolve debt in a prompt and orderly way. Such frameworks may serve to facilitate debt restructuring and the fiscal recovery even of subnational entities, including states and municipalities. They may even prevent subnational governments from sliding into insolvency. This paper identifies the benefits of setting up an insolvency framework for subnational governments, complementing existing budget rules and procedures. It analyses different design options of subnational insolvency frameworks by drawing on existing regimes for municipalities in Colombia, Hungary, South Africa, Switzerland and the United States as well as proposals for sovereign bankruptcy procedures in the literature. The paper also explores the main challenges for implementing subnational insolvency regimes and presents possible solutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/4fe1859f-en
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    OECD Skills Outlook 2019 Thriving in a Digital World (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (274 pages)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Outlook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: Economies and societies are undergoing digital transformations that bring both opportunities and challenges and countries' preparedness to seize the benefits of a digital world is largely dependent on the skills of their population.
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  • 79
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    Unconventional monetary policy and productivity : evidence on the risk-seeking channel from us corporate bond markets (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 17 (January 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Unconventional monetary policy ; productivity ; capital reallocation ; bond markets ; United States ; United States ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We examine the relationship between lax monetary policy, access to high-yield bond markets and productivity in the US between 2008 and 2016. Using monetary policy surprises, obtained from changes in interest rates futures in narrow windows around FOMC announcements, we isolate the increased access to high-yield bond markets relative to investment-grade bond markets that is due to unconventional monetary policy (UMP). We find that through the risk-taking channel, UMP has increased investors’ appetite for high-yield US corporate bonds, thereby increasing access to high-yield bond markets for firms with a higher risk profile. Since the relationship between credit ratings and firm-level productivity is U-shaped, the aggregate effect on productivity is a priori unclear. Turning to the real economy, we thus analyse whether this additional access to finance had an effect on aggregate productivity by altering the reallocation of resources across firms. Our results show that unconventional monetary policy induced less investment in tangible capital by high-productive firms. However, before drawing conclusions on the net effects of UMP on aggregate productivity, we discuss a number of issues that this paper could not deal with due to data limitations, including prominently whether this apparent misallocation may have been offset by a shift in the composition of investments towards more intangible investment.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/06d2cce0-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    OECD Economic Survey of the United States: Key Research Findings (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD economic survey of the United States
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Großbritannien ; Development ; Economics ; United States ; USA ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftliche Stabilität
    Abstract: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310278-en
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  • 81
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    OECD Skills Studies Skills Matter Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264799004
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (132 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 1st cycle of the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), it places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd round of this cycle, with 6 new countries collecting data in 2018-19. This report describes adults' proficiency in information-processing skills and examines how proficiency is related to education, labour-market and social outcomes.
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  • 82
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    Educational Research and Innovation Educating 21st Century Children Emotional Well-being in the Digital Age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264959941
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 pages)
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being. ; Child development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report examines modern childhood, looking specifically at the intersection between emotional well-being and new technologies. It explores how parenting and friendships have changed in the digital age. It examines children as digital citizens, and how best to take advantage of online opportunities while minimising the risks. The volume ends with a look at how to foster digital literacy and resilience, highlighting the role of partnerships, policy and protection.
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  • 83
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    The Survey of Adult Skills : Reader’s Companion, Third Edition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264523531 , 9789264385139 , 9789264562165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Erwachsener ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: This edition of the Reader’s Companion accompanies Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills that reports the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 3 rounds of data collection in the first cycle of PIAAC, with a particular focus on the 6 countries that participated in the third round of the study (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). It describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments.
    DOI: 10.1787/f70238c7-en
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    Skills Matter : Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264332829 , 9789264799004 , 9789264811072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Qualifikation
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 33 countries and regions that participated in the 1st and 2nd round of the Survey of Adult Skills in 2011-12 and in 2014-15, this report describes adults’ proficiency in three information-processing skills, and examines how proficiency is related to labour-market and social outcomes. It also places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd and final round of the first cycle of PIAAC in 2017-18, which included 6 countries (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in three information-processing skills: literacy, numeracy and problem-solving in technology-rich environments.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f029d8f-en
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  • 85
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, United States (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264327658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United States (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; USA ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United States ; G-20-Staaten ; USA ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United States, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/305147e9-en
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  • 86
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    OECD Rural Policy Reviews Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264167940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (348 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The 38 million Indigenous peoples living across 13 OECD countries contribute to stronger regional and national economies, and have unique assets and knowledge that address global challenges such as climate change.
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  • 87
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    Enabling Women’s Economic Empowerment New Approaches to Unpaid Care Work in Developing Countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264709959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (118 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: As part of the OECD Policy Dialogue on Women's Economic Empowerment, this report focuses on identifying what works to address unpaid care work and sheds light on how governments, donors in the private sector and civil society actors - among others - can design policies to support both those who need care and those who provide care.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 88
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264398733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (122 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Developing countries
    Abstract: Italy is strongly committed to multilateralism, and it uses its convening power as well as expertise in co-operation to make the country a leading voice on issues such as agriculture and cultural heritage. The country's commitment to leaving no one behind is particularly apparent through the focus on gender and disability. However, the country would benefit from reversing the recent decline in official development assistance (ODA), building a stronger and better-skilled workforce, forming a coherent, whole-of-government approach to migration and development, and creating a system to manage for results.
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  • 89
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    The Governance of Land Use in Korea Urban Regeneration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264583436
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (128 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This report examines land-use trends, policies and practices in Korea, in particular in the city of Busan, through the lens of urban regeneration and citizen participation. Land-use planning is critical for the efficient and inclusive management of cities, pursuing sustainable and balanced development and improving quality of life and regional competitiveness.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI-MMG
  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Green Finance and Investment Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation and Green Investment in Kyrgyzstan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264345515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (198 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.9
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Kyrgyzstan ; Development..
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Kyrgyzstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI-MMG
  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Investment Policy Reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264463035
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (232 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This review was prepared in response to Croatia's 2015 request to adhere to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. It assesses the climate for domestic and foreign investment in Croatia, its ability to comply with the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination and its policy convergence with the OECD Declaration, including responsible business conduct practices, and discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by the government of Croatia in its reform efforts.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264756014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (126 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Sweden ; Developing countries..
    Abstract: This review commends Sweden for its consistently generous levels of official development assistance and its global development leadership on peace and conflict prevention, environmental sustainability and gender equality.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Today is yesterday’s pupil : Reactor licence renewal in the United States (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; United States
    Abstract: “Over the next 25 years, more than half the nuclear plants in the United States will turn 40, and their operating licenses will expire as they do. With no reactors on order and only two under construction, the nuclear industry’s hope for survival probably rests on continued operation of existing plants.”1
    DOI: 10.1787/92af2a59-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    No longer burning down the house (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Faire table rase n’est plus une option
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United States
    DOI: 10.1787/d0228b32-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United States 2018 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United States 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; USA ; Taxation ; United States
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302853-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing and Employment Policies: United States 2018 : Working Better with Age and Fighting Unequal Ageing (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264289048 , 9789264190115 , 9789264298354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Employment ; United States
    Abstract: In the United States, employment rates at older ages are comparatively high at 62% among 55-64 year-olds against 59% on average in OECD countries in 2016. However, there are large disparities across population groups. Early retirement remains a widespread phenomenon, especially among workers from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Preventing old-age disparities in terms of employment outcomes and retirement income from widening is crucial. This report looks at the various pathways out of the labour market for older workers, and how employers can be supported to retain and hire older workers. It examines the best ways that the United States can promote the employability of workers throughout their working lives and more equal outcomes among older workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264190115-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Studies OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264287679
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (218 pages)
    DDC: 302.22440972
    Keywords: Mexico ; Functional literacy ; Life skills ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Mexico sets out eight skills challenges for Mexico.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    BSZ
    GBV
  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Time use surveys and experienced well-being in France and the United States (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2017, 07
    Keywords: Zeitverwendung ; Gesundheit ; Frankreich ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; France ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The last decade has seen a sustained surge of interest in measures of subjective well-being on the part of economists and other social scientists. The vast majority of the academic literature on subjective well-being focuses on measures of life evaluation, as does most discussion of how measures of subjective well-being can be applied to policy. However, measures of life evaluation have well-known limitations, and other measures of subjective well-being, including experienced well-being (i.e. people’s time use and emotional state over time), can be an important complement to measures of life evaluation. As of 2016, however, few countries have included experienced well-being in their official time use surveys, and there is relatively little understanding of how different methodological approaches to measuring experienced well-being affect the results obtained. This paper presents results using data from the US and the French time use surveys, showing that the different approaches adopted by these two countries have quite different implications for the data collected. Results highlight the sensitivity of experienced well-being measures – particularly the U-index – to the choice of affective states included, and shed light on the differing results found in the literature on how unemployment impacts upon experienced well-being.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/be97d4e6-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of farm programmes in the 2014 US farm bill : a review of the literature (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 104
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarversicherung ; Risikomanagement ; Umweltpolitik ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Main changes to US farm programmes under the 2014 Farm Bill aim to strengthen instruments for risk management, both in commodity and in crop insurance programmes. In addition, the 2014 Farm Bill consolidated voluntary conservation programmes supporting agricultural land preservation and the adoption of environmentally friendly production practices. In the literature reviewed, analysts generally acknowledge the reinforced capacity of farm programmes to reduce farm revenue losses and the diversity of options offered to farmers to manage risk. They also discuss farmers' choices of participation in programmes and coverage level in terms of optimisation of their benefits. They also outline the scope for higher budget costs if prices keep falling, but note that some provisions limit the increase. Regarding the impact of programmes on land and markets, the consensus is that by design, the two new crop commodity programmes do not influence current planting decisions, but they could generate small wealth and risk effects. Similarly the new dairy programme could affect the decisions of risk adverse farmers. Support to crop insurance on the other hand is based on current parameters, and unlimited, thus it is expected to encourage higher input use to maximise profit, in addition to the wealth and risk effects. Empirical analyses find very small effects of crop insurance subsidies on total land use, but some suggest a non-negligible impact on crop rotation, and variable input use. Overall, the literature finds that conservation payments seem to have had a positive impact on the environment. In particular, they have encouraged farmers to adopt more environmentally-friendly practices and address a broader set of environmental objectives. Some experts note, however, that some programmes may not necessarily bring additional benefits. Experts consider that cross-compliance mechanisms have partly contributed to reduce soil erosion by encouraging farmers to use less erosive cropping practices (e.g. conservation tillage, conservation crop rotations) and to retire particularly erodible land.
    DOI: 10.1787/ff39e390-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Outlook 2017 Skills and Global Value Chains (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273351
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (166 pages)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Outlook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: - Foreword - Executive summary - Glossary - Overview: Skills to seize the benefits of global value chains - Skills and global value chains: What are the stakes? - What kinds of skills give countries a global advantage? - How skills policies can make the most of global value chains - List of countries ISO codes.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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    BSZ
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