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  • English  (337)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (187)
  • Champaign, Ill : Project Gutenberg  (93)
  • Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation  (57)
  • United States
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264622173 , 9789264626126 , 9789264859616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and facilitate a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. They are a crucial policy lever for adapting to the major societal, technological and environmental transitions of our time. This report on the United States is the second of a number of OECD country reviews of income support policies. Each report analyses key policy challenges, discusses recent reform initiatives, and identifies good practices from other OECD countries. The report examines the reach and generosity of unemployment insurance and other income support for working age households, with a special focus on disadvantaged labour market groups. What are key gaps in benefit receipt between wage- and salaried employees and non-standard workers (part-time workers, those on temporary contracts, and self-employed workers including own-account workers)? What factors, including race/ethnicity and gender, drive non-entitlement to unemployment compensation? The report examines these questions, considers the impact of recent extensions to the unemployment insurance programme in response to the COVID pandemic, and outlines policy directions for strengthening out-of-work support.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.112
    Keywords: Entwicklungsorganisation ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Development ; France ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Addressing 21st century development challenges requires investments in innovation, including the use of new approaches and technologies. Currently, many development organisations prioritise investments in isolated innovation pilots that leverage a specific approach or technology rather than pursuing a strategic approach to expand the organisation’s toolbox with innovations that have proven their comparative advantage over what is currently used. This Working Paper addresses this challenge of adopting innovations. How can development organisations institutionalise a new way of working, bringing what was once novel to the core of how business is done? Analysing successful adoption efforts across five DAC agencies, the paper lays out a proposed process for the adoption of innovations. The paper features five case-studies and concludes with a set of lessons and recommendations for policy makers on innovation management generally, and adoption of innovation in particular.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.286
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This study responds to six key questions about the impact that the demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) skills is having on labour markets. What are the occupations where AI skills are most relevant? How do different AI-relevant skills combine in job requirements? How quickly is the demand for AI-related skills diffusing across labour markets and what is the relationship between AI skill demands and the demand for cognitive skills across jobs? Finally, are AI skills leading to a wage premium and how different are the wage returns associated with AI and routine skills? To shed light on these aspects, this study leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to analyse the information contained in millions of job postings collected from the internet.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273498 , 9789264665484 , 9789264580060
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; USA ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The United States, the world’s largest economy, has made progress in reducing several environmental pressures while maintaining one of the highest Gross Domestic Products per capita in the world. It has decoupled emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, water abstractions and domestic material consumption from economic and population growth. However, high consumption levels, intensive agricultural practices, climate change and urban sprawl continue to put pressure on the natural environment. Despite the recent acceleration of action to address climate change, further efforts are needed to achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The United States is also among the major contributors to marine litter with serious consequences for communities and the environment. The review provides 30 recommendations to help the United States improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on marine litter and a cross-cutting focus on environmental justice. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United States. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/05
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Canada ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This paper estimates the data intensity of occupations/sectors (i.e. the share of job postings per occupation/sector related to the production of data) using natural language processing (NLP) on job advertisements in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. Online job advertisement data collected by Lightcast provide timely and disaggregated insights into labour demand and skill requirements of different professions. The paper makes three major contributions. First, indicators created from the Lightcast data add to the understanding of digital skills in the labour market. Second, the results may advance the measurement of data assets in national account statistics. Third, the NLP methodology can handle up to 66 languages and can be adapted to measure concepts beyond digital skills. Results provide a ranking of data intensity across occupations, with data analytics activities contributing most to aggregate data intensity shares in all three countries. At the sectoral level, the emerging picture is more heterogeneous across countries. Differences in labour demand primarily explain those variations, with low data-intensive professions contributing most to aggregate data intensity in the United Kingdom. Estimates of investment in data, using a sum of costs approach and sectoral intensity shares, point to lower levels in the United Kingdom and Canada than in the United States.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.44
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper analyses persistence and change in the regional league table of entrepreneurship performance in the United States in comparison with England and Wales and West Germany. It examines whether regional rankings in start-up and self-employment rates in the United States are as sticky over time as in these European countries over approximately century, half-century and 30-year periods, or whether the United States is different. It identifies the types of regions that improve markedly ("leapfroggers") or decline sharply ("plungers") in their league table positions and the reasons for these changes and compares the countries on these issues. The paper draws out policy implications on regional levelling-up of entrepreneurship activity. It also sets out an agenda for further research.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: New OECD surveys of employers and workers in the manufacturing and finance sectors of seven countries shed new light on the impact that Artificial Intelligence has on the workplace —an under-researched area to date due to lack of data. The findings suggest that both workers and their employers are generally very positive about the impact of AI on performance and working conditions. However, there are also concerns, including about job loss—an issue that should be closely monitored. The surveys also indicate that, while many workers trust their employers when it comes to the implementation of AI in the workplace, more can be done to improve trust. In particular, the surveys show that both training and worker consultation are associated with better outcomes for workers.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.45
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Estonia ; France ; Greece ; Mexico ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: This work leverages globally consistent data on parks from Google Maps, in combination with the computational power of Google Maps Directions API to quantify accessibility to parks across nearly 500 metropolitan areas in six countries: Estonia, France, Greece, Mexico, Sweden, and the United States. We combined high resolution population data from Worldpop with parks data and navigation estimates to measure: (1) Fraction of the population with access to parks within a 10-minute walk; and (2) the median walking time to the closest park. We find large differences in access to parks between countries, as well as large variability across cities and their respective commuting zones. To demonstrate how this framework can support cross country comparisons and efforts to track progress towards SDG11, we assessed access to parks by income group in selected countries, finding that the median walking time to a park is shorter for residents of low income neighbourhoods both in French and American metropolitan areas.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264617742 , 9789264654457 , 9789264860988
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Feuer ; Brandschutz ; Klimawandel ; Welt ; Feuer ; Brandschutz ; Klimawandel ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia ; Costa Rica ; Greece ; Portugal ; United States
    Abstract: This report provides a global assessment and outlook on wildfire risk in the context of climate change. It discusses the drivers behind the growing incidence of extreme wildfires and the attribution effect of climate change. It outlines the environmental, social and economic impacts of wildfires by illustrating the losses and costs observed during recent extreme wildfire events. Building on this, the report presents the findings of a cross-country comparative analysis of how countries’ policies and practices have evolved in recent years in light of observed and projected changes in wildfire risk. The analysis draws on in-depth case studies conducted in Australia, Costa Rica, Greece, Portugal and the United States. The report underlines the urgent need for governments to scale up climate change adaptation efforts to limit future wildfire costs.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264464940 , 9789264449527 , 9789264980433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Keywords: Wohneigentum ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Grundsteuer ; Einkommensverteilung ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; USA ; Belgien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Governance ; Belgium ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; United States
    Abstract: This report addresses housing inequities through a series of analytical chapters and case studies. The cross-country chapters examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing demand, develop a proposal for a green land value tax, evaluate the dynamics between fiscal autonomy and housing supply responsiveness, as well as explore the drivers of inter-regional migration. The case studies unravel the changes of Korea's progressive national property tax and a programme to address regional imbalances, assess the impact of the US property tax system on housing, dive into Norway's property taxation in relation to inequality, as well as survey Belgium's approaches to housing policy. With a blend of empirical data and critical analysis, the report underscores the pressing need for comprehensive strategies in addressing housing inequities. It also offers insights for policymakers and scholars, highlighting the complex balance between national and local housing policies.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Spotlights no.4
    Keywords: Education ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Colombia ; Finland ; Korea, Republic of ; Portugal ; Türkiye ; United States
    Abstract: Schools are perfect hubs for social and emotional learning, but are they ready for this task? To address this question, this Spotlight reports previously unpublished findings from the OECD’s Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) and discusses their implications for education policy and practice. Both an active promotion in schools and extensive learning opportunities for teachers on relevant topics provide a fertile ground for an effective social and emotional education. They boost teachers’ self-efficacy and use of active learning pedagogies, as well as quality relationships at school. The Spotlight also points to important differences for teachers of 10- vs. 15-year-old students that can explain higher skills at a younger age. Younger students benefit more often from key elements of an effective social and emotional education in school, i.e. the evaluation of their social and emotional skills and teachers teaming up with parents to reinforce skill promotion. Teachers of 10-year-olds are also more intensively trained and requested to promote social and emotional learning in their work.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1748
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: The American middle class has shrunk in size since 1970 according to most definitions. This “hollowing” out of the United States income distribution could result in disillusionment, diminished political engagement, and declining trust in institutions. The American middle class faces two major challenges, among others. First, child care costs in the United States are high and availability is low. Improving enrolment in child care has the potential to reverse the fall in female labour market participation since the financial crisis and result in improved well-being and economic growth. Public funding for child care programmes should be raised, and programme eligibility should be widened to benefit middle-income parents. Second, the climate transition will entail major changes to middle-class lifestyles. Reductions in US household emissions from housing and transportation will be key to achieving the overall emission reduction targets, and may prove costly. Workers in carbon-intensive sectors of the economy and households living in regions that rely on carbon-intensive activities will be affected as resources shift to greener sectors. A national climate strategy should be developed that explicitly takes into account emissions inequalities and the redistributive effects of climate policies. Active labour market policies will be key to achieving a just transition, and existing home weatherisation programmes should be expanded to cover the middle-class.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264866683 , 9789264697263 , 9789264367203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: When it comes to high-tech innovations, the United States leads the path amongst OECD economies. However, in the context of the national record-breaking activities in high tech innovation, there lies distinct and growing geographical disparities. This report dives into strategies for better understanding innovation that occurs in rural places, and places outside major metropolitan areas, often going beyond science and technology. It provides analysis and recommendations to support regional development initiatives aimed at closing the gaps in innovation between rural and urban areas. The report includes a special topic chapter on the role of broadband and education in rural areas, exploring trends and providing policy recommendations to enhance rural innovation through these specific and critical framework conditions.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264975965 , 9789264873797 , 9789264409347
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: This report assesses how the United States Commonwealth of Virginia is preparing young people for their working lives through career development. It builds on OECD longitudinal analyses which identify forms of career development that can be most confidently associated with better employment outcomes for young people. Collecting data from current secondary school students and young adults in the labour market, the report provides an oversight of career development in Virginia. It then explores the extent to which students are being effectively, efficiently and equitably prepared for their working lives through career guidance programmes. Career readiness is a policy of high importance and the report identifies many strengths within the Virginia system. In order to enhance provision however, there is need to update career readiness standards, frameworks and instruments, and to engage employers and people in work more systematically within guidance activities. Opportunity exists to better amplify labour market signalling, particularly with regard to the skilled trades. The report highlights international practice that can be expected to reduce inequalities in provision, linked especially to the socio-economic backgrounds of students and their geographic location. Here, scope exists notably to draw on digital technologies to enhance provision.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.275
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the second in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The first paper is titled ‘Young people’s environmental sustainability competence: Emotional, cognitive, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade ; Science and Technology ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.281
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hong Kong, China ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Being able to swim empowers individuals to make choices, have agency, and be free to choose core aspects of their life, such as working safely on or near water. It is also associated with lifelong health benefits and reduces the risk of drowning. Using data from the Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll 2019, this paper provides the first global estimates of adults’ ability to swim without assistance. Individuals in high-income countries are considerably more likely to report being able to swim without assistance than individuals in low-income countries. Disparities also exist within countries. In particular, women are less likely to be able to swim without assistance than men in virtually all countries, birth cohorts, and levels of education. Investing in reducing inequalities in life skills, such as swimming, can foster economic development and empowerment, especially in light of threats, such as climate change.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.267
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Finland ; France ; Ireland ; Italy ; Korea, Republic of ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: OECD countries deliver publicly-funded employment services through different institutional arrangements. While in most OECD countries the majority of such services are delivered by public employment services, in two in five OECD and EU countries (or regions) they are partly or fully contracted out to external providers, including for-profit and not-for-profit entities. Contracting out employment services to outside providers offers many potential benefits: an increased flexibility to scale capacity in line with changes in unemployment, the possibility of offering services more cost-effectively, the option to better tailor services through the use of specialised service providers and the possibility to offer jobseekers choice of providers. However, achieving these benefits will depend on the actual design and monitoring of the contracting arrangements that are put in place. Focusing on the job brokerage, counselling and case-management employment services typically provided by public agencies, this paper reviews the experiences of OECD countries that have contracted out employment services through outcome-based payment schemes. It highlights the need to carefully consider questions related to the design and implementation of this form of contracting: fostering competition amongst potential providers, setting appropriate minimum service requirements and prices for different client groups, and ensuring the accountability of providers through monitoring and evaluations. These issues are discussed based on country examples, which are also detailed in factsheets contained in the online annex of the paper.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.278
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; United States
    Abstract: Rising self-employment rates in U.S. tax data that are absent in survey data have led to speculation that tax records capture a rise in new “gig” work that surveys miss. Drawing on the universe of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax returns, we show that trends in firm-reported payments to “gig” and other contract workers do not explain the rise in self-employment reported to the IRS; rather, that increase is driven by self-reported earnings of individuals in the EITC phase-in range. We isolate pure reporting responses from real labor supply responses by examining births of workers’ first children around an end-of-year cutoff for credit eligibility that creates exogenous variation in tax rates at the end of the tax year after labor supply decisions are already sunk. We find that exposing workers with sunk labor supply to negative marginal tax rates results in large increases in their propensity to self-report self-employment—only a small minority of which leads to bunching at kink-points. Consistent with pure strategic reporting behavior, we find no impact on reporting among taxpayers with no incentive to report additional income and no effects on firm-reported payments of any kind. Moreover, we find these reporting responses have grown over time as knowledge of tax incentives has become widespread. Quantitatively, our results suggest that as much as 59 percent of the growth in self-employment rates, and all counter-cyclicality, can be attributed to changes in reporting behavior that are independent of changes in the nature of work. Our findings suggest caution is warranted before deferring to administrative data over survey data when measuring labor market trends.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264922600 , 9789264967731 , 9789264463127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : États-Unis 2022
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; USA ; Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. The United States has led with substantial ODA contributions in response to multiple crises. Twenty-one US government agencies programme and deliver foreign assistance. USAID systematically incorporates collaboration, learning and adapting in its programme cycle and works to increase diversity, equity and inclusion by championing locally-led approaches. This peer review provides a set of recommendations for the United States to mitigate negative transboundary effects of its policies, promote more flexible budget appropriations in line with needs, equip its development finance institution to deliver and adopt a clearer approach to multilateral partnerships. It recommends that the United States puts development effectiveness at the heart of localisation, reinforce human resources, and consider conflict prevention in all country programmes.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.274
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the first in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The second paper is titled: ‘The environmental sustainability competence toolbox: From leaving a better planet to our children to leaving better children for our planet’.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264829855 , 9789264954960 , 9789264848290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (267 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Australia ; Chile ; Finland ; Italy ; Mexico ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: There is a discernible and growing gap between the qualifications that a university degree certifies and the actual generic, 21st-century skills with which students graduate from higher education. By generic skills, it is meant literacy and critical thinking skills encompassing problem solving, analytic reasoning and communications competency. As automation takes over non- and lower-cognitive tasks in today’s workplace, these generic skills are especially valued but a tertiary degree is a poor indicator of skills level. In the United States, the Council for Aid for Education developed an assessment of generic skills called the CLA+ and carried out testing in six countries between 2016 and 2021. This book provides the data and analysis of this “CLA+ International Initiative”.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264946583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Humankapital ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Südostasien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Australia ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Germany ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; United States ; Viet Nam ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic will require countries to co-ordinate interventions to help recent graduates find jobs, reactivate the skills of displaced workers and use skills effectively in workplaces. Megatrends such as globalisation, climate change, technological progress and demographic change will continue to reshape work and society. Countries should take action now to develop and use more effectively the skills required for the world of the future and at the same time make their skills systems more resilient and adaptable in the context of change and uncertainty. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a strategic approach to assess their skills challenges and opportunities. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework allowing countries to explore how they can improve i) developing relevant skills, ii) using skills effectively, and iii) strengthening the governance of the skills system. This report applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to Southeast Asia, providing an overview of the region’s skills challenges and opportunities in the context of COVID-19 and megatrends, and identifying good practices for improving skills outcomes. This report lays the foundation for a more fully elaborated Skills Strategy for Southeast Asia.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.95
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Blockchain ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Australia ; Bangladesh ; Estonia ; Ghana ; India ; Jordan ; Kenya ; Nigeria ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; Senegal ; South Africa ; United States ; Vanuatu
    Abstract: Blockchain is mainstreaming, but the number of blockchain for development use-cases with proven success beyond the pilot stage remain relatively few. This paper outlines key blockchain concepts and implications in order to help policymakers reach realistic conclusions when considering its use. The paper surveys the broad landscape of blockchain for development to identify where the technology can optimise development impact and minimise harm. It subsequently critically examines four successful applications, including the World Food Programme’s Building Blocks, Oxfam’s UnBlocked Cash project, KfW’s TruBudget and Seso Global. As part of the on-going work co-ordinated by the OECD’s Blockchain Policy Centre, this paper asserts that post-COVID-19, Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors and their development partners have a unique opportunity to shape blockchain’s implementation.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264572874 , 9789264807143 , 9789264522725
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Steuerstrafrecht ; Steuerfahndung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Taxation ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Azerbaijan ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Estonia ; France ; Georgia ; Germany ; Greece ; Honduras ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: First published in 2017, Fighting Tax Crime - The Ten Global Principles is the first comprehensive guide to fighting tax crimes. It sets out ten essential principles covering the legal, institutional, administrative, and operational aspects necessary for developing an efficient and effective system for identifying, investigating and prosecuting tax crimes, while respecting the rights of accused taxpayers. This second edition addresses new challenges, such as tackling professionals who enable tax and white-collar crimes, and fostering international co-operation in the recovery of assets. Drawing on the experiences of jurisdictions in all continents, the report also highlights successful cases relating to the misuse of virtual assets, complex investigations involving joint task forces, and the use of new technology tools to fight tax crimes and other financial crimes. The Ten Global Principles are an essential element of the OECD’s Oslo Dialogue, a whole-of-government approach for fighting tax crimes and illicit financial flows. Alongside the policy document, the second edition is joined by 33 country chapters, detailing jurisdictions’ domestic tax crime enforcement frameworks as well as the progress made in implementing the Ten Global Principles. These chapters are available separately online.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264911260 , 9789264348738 , 9789264752788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Landwirtschaft ; Coping-Strategie ; Chile ; Italien ; Japan ; Namibia ; Neuseeland ; Türkei ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Chile ; Italy ; Japan ; Namibia ; New Zealand ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID), such as floods, droughts, severe storms, and animal pests and diseases have significant, widespread and long-lasting impacts on agricultural sectors around the world. With climate change set to amplify many of these impacts, a “business-as-usual” approach to disaster risk management in agriculture cannot continue if we are to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability growth, and sustainable development. Drawing from seven case studies – Chile, Italy, Japan, Namibia, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States – this joint OECD-FAO report argues for a new approach to building resilience to NHID in agriculture. It explores the policy measures, governance arrangements, on-farm strategies and other initiatives that countries are using to increase agricultural resilience to NHID, highlighting emerging good practices. It offers concrete recommendations on what more needs to be done to shift from coping with the impacts of disasters, to an ex ante approach that focuses on preventing and mitigating the impacts of disasters, helping the sector be better prepared to respond to disasters, and to adapt and transform in order to be better positioned for future disasters.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264579019 , 9789264366824 , 9789264955110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thorn, William Schooling during a pandemic
    Keywords: OECD ; Schüler ; Schulbesuch ; Telearbeit ; Psychische Krankheit ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Gesundheit ; COVID-19 ; Fernstudium ; Fernunterricht ; Lernen ; E-Learning ; Student ; Schüler ; Elternarbeit ; Schule ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This report offers an initial overview of the available information regarding the circumstances, nature and outcomes of the education of schoolchildren during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020. Its purpose is primarily descriptive: it presents information from high quality quantitative studies on the experience of learning during this period in order to ground the examination and discussion of these issues in empirical examples. Information is presented on three interrelated topics: the nature of the educational experience during the period of lockdowns and school closures; the home environment in which education took place for the vast majority of schoolchildren; the effects on the mental health and learning outcomes for children during this period. The data come primarily from 5 countries (France, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States) with additional information on some aspects for 6 additional countries (Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Canada, Finland, Italy and the Netherlands). This report will be of interest to policy makers, academics, education stakeholders and anyone interested in a first international empirical analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the lives and education of schoolchildren.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264545458 , 9789264390027 , 9789264367715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 192 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Lehrkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Vocational education and training (VET) plays a central role in preparing young people for work, developing the skills of adults and responding to the labour-market needs of the economy. Teachers and leaders in VET can have an immediate and positive influence on learners’ skills, employability and career development. However, when compared to general academic programmes, there is limited evidence on the characteristics of teachers and institutional leaders in VET and the policies and practices of attracting and preparing them. VET teachers require a mix of pedagogical skills and occupational knowledge and experience, and need to keep these up to date to reflect changing skill needs in the labour market and evolving teaching and learning environments. This report fills the knowledge gap on teachers and leaders in VET, and produces new insights into what strategies and policies can help develop and maintain a well-prepared workforce. It zooms in on VET teacher shortages; strategies for attracting and retaining teachers; initial training and professional development opportunities for teachers; the use of innovative technologies and pedagogical strategies; and the important role of institutional leaders and strategies for better preparing and supporting them.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regulatory Policy Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Australia ; Brazil ; Brunei Darussalam ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Japan ; Mexico ; New Zealand ; Peru ; Singapore ; United States ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This paper presents a stocktaking of standalone chapters in trade agreements dedicated to good regulatory practices and international regulatory co-operation. While standalone regulatory policy chapters in trade agreements remain a new development, they signal countries’ increasing interest in elevating the visibility and ambition of regulatory policy, in line with their commitments in the 2012 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance and the 2005 APEC-OECD Integrated Checklist on Regulatory Reform. Still, the level of ambition of these chapters varies widely depending on the state of play of regulatory policy in trading partners. By comparing the main substantive and structural features of these chapters, this stocktaking aims to inform the development of similar chapters in future trade agreements.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264597846 , 9789264337947 , 9789264333444
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Statistische Methode ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Sound and timely data and statistics are essential for designing better policies for better lives. When the right data are available and used by policy makers, they play a crucial role in managing crises, as revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are also indispensable for transparent and accountable delivery of policies and services and to guide business and investment decisions in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first 2021 edition of the OECD’s Data for Development Profiles is a unique source of information and insights on how members of the Development Co-operation Committee (DAC) allocate official development assistance (ODA) to statistical capacity development and strengthening data ecosystems in low and middle income countries. By providing a comprehensive overview of members’ data and statistical policy priorities, strategies, funding, delivery modalities and partnerships, the profiles serve as a baseline for co-ordinating international support and highlight ways forward for greater impact and effectiveness.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.161
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; United States
    Abstract: Agricultural producers in the United States have significant experience in managing the risk of natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID), but the 2019 Midwestern Floods and Hurricane Florence in 2018 highlighted the importance of increasing resilience to extreme floods. A number of current practices already build resilience. Producers can access science-based information on adaptation to climate and weather-related risks, preparedness and recovery, including through the USDA Climate Hubs. Formal networks build relationships and capabilities before a disaster, improving the effectiveness of disaster preparedness and response. USDA conservation programmes and various soil health initiatives help farmers to mitigate the impacts of floods on production. However, most farm support is directed to agricultural risk management policies and disaster assistance that help producers cope with the impacts of NHID. Integrating resilience objectives into these programmes would send a clearer signal to producers about the need to adapt and increase resilience. Policy makers should also engage with trusted stakeholders – including farm organisations and extension agents – to promote the benefits of practices that build resilience to NHID ID.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Coronavirus ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; France ; Germany ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis is leading to reductions in work-based learning opportunities for vocational education and training (VET) students.This policy brief argues that VET programmes can be adapted to deliver practical components of VET in school-based settings when there is a persistent shortage of work-based learning opportunities. It also describes how innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and simulators can be utilised to facilitate school-based delivery of practical learning, but also to improve the effectiveness of face-to-face and online teaching in VET in the longer‑term.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsnachfrage ; Anforderungsprofil ; Qualifikation ; Personalbeschaffung ; Coronavirus ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This policy brief uses online job vacancy postings as a partial indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on skills demand in five OECD countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) between January and November 2020. The pandemic, as well as containment and mitigation measures designed to halt its spread, had a large but heterogeneous impact on the demand for skills. By early May, the total volume of online job vacancies had fallen by over 50% in all the countries analysed with respect to the beginning of the year, with even larger declines in some sectors. However, the demand for specific skills in the healthcare sector and in logistics increased. There is also evidence of an increase in vacancies involving remote-working arrangements. The brief also shows that the crisis affected differently individuals with different levels of educational qualifications and that such effect differed across the countries analysed.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264813274 , 9789264539976 , 9789264956902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arctic Council ; Luftreinhaltung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Arktis ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Canada ; Denmark ; Finland ; Iceland ; Norway ; Russian Federation ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: The Arctic is a vital region that helps preserve the balance of the global climate. The Arctic environment is particularly sensitive to short-lived climate pollutants, including black carbon, due to their strong warming effect. With ambitious policy action to reduce air pollutants, Arctic Council countries would obtain a positive effect on health and the environment throughout their territory, while also helping to slow down climate change by reducing emissions of black carbon. This report calls for ambitious policy action to reduce air pollution in Arctic Council countries, highlighting the environmental, health, and economic benefits from policy action.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 21, no. 3 | volume:21 | year:2021 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:21
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Barry B. Anderson
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 28 (April 2020)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.28
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; India ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Spain ; Switzerland ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The design of intergovernmental fiscal relations can help to ensure that tax and spending powers are assigned in a way to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Decentralisation can enable sub-central governments to provide better public services for households and firms, while it can also make intergovernmental frameworks more complex, harming equity. The challenges of fiscal federalism are multi-faceted and involve difficult trade-offs. This synthesis paper consolidates much of the OECD’s work on fiscal federalism over the past 15 years, with a particular focus on OECD Economic Surveys. The paper identifies a range of good practices on the design of country policies and institutions related strengthening fiscal capacity delineating responsibilities across evels of government and improving intergovernmental co-ordination.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264972223 , 9789264387362 , 9789264720404
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Early learning and child well-being in the United States
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinder ; Sozialer Indikator ; USA ; Education ; United States ; USA ; Kleinkinderziehung ; Sozialer Indikator
    Abstract: The first five years of a child’s life is a period of great opportunity, and risk. The cognitive and social-emotional skills that children develop in these early years have long-lasting impacts on their later outcomes throughout schooling and adulthood. This report sets out the findings from the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study in the United States. The study assesses children’s skills across both cognitive and social-emotional development, and how these relate to children’s early learning experiences at home and in early childhood education and care. It is enriched by contextual and assessment information from the children’s parents and educators. It provides comparative data on children’s early skills with children from England and Estonia, who also participated in the study, to better identify factors that promote or hinder children’s early learning.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264329508 , 9789264710146 , 9789264411753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Estonia ; France ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Portugal ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: It is increasingly understood that entrepreneurship plays a critical role in economic growth and well-being. But which policies can governments develop to release its benefits? This publication offers guidance and inspiration. It identifies the range of entrepreneurship policies being pursued internationally, the problems the policies seek to solve and how they are designed and implemented. The focus is on how to create a broad base of start-ups with the potential for sustainability and growth by building a pipeline of new entrepreneurs, supporting start-ups to overcome barriers in areas such as skills, finance and innovation and stimulating vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems. The publication examines the rationale for entrepreneurship policy, presents a typology of policy approaches and highlights principles for policy success. The points are illustrated by 16 case studies of inspiring practice policies from 12 OECD countries. These cases span policies for regulations and taxation, entrepreneurship education and training, advice and coaching, access to finance, internationalisation, innovation, and holistic packages for ecosystem building. Helpful summary tables guide readers to the information that will respond to their questions. The publication will give readers an overview of key entrepreneurship policy interventions and tips on entrepreneurship policy success.
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Australia ; Austria ; Azerbaijan ; Belarus ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; China, People’s Republic ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Georgia ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malaysia ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Peru ; Philippines ; Poland ; Portugal ; Serbia ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Thailand ; Turkey ; Ukraine ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has had a profound impact on SME access to finance. In particular, the sudden drop in revenues created acute liquidity shortages, threatening the survival of many viable businesses. The report documents an increase in demand for bank lending in the first half of 2020, and a steady supply of credit thanks to government interventions. On the other hand, other sources of finance declined, in particular early-stage equity. This paper, a special edition of Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs, focuses on the impacts of COVID-19 on SME access to finance, along with government policy responses. It reveals that the pre-crisis financing environment was broadly favourable for SMEs and entrepreneurs, who benefited from low interest rates, loose credit standards and an increasingly diverse offer of financing instruments. It documents the unprecedented scope and scale of the policy responses undertaken by governments world-wide, and details their key characteristics, and outlines the principal issues and policy challenges for the next phases of the pandemic, such as the over-indebtedness of SMEs and the need to continue to foster a diverse range of financing instruments for SMEs.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2020/06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United States
    Abstract: This paper explores patterns of short-term labour demand weakening in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) of the United States and the associated regional factors. The paper considers online job vacancy postings in February-June 2020. The data show that in larger MSAs, online job postings contracted more and the recovery was slower compared to smaller MSAs. Non-tradable service occupations, particularly those involving face-to-face interactions, contracted the most. The regression analysis reveals that different metropolitan characteristics were associated with the initial drop (February-April) and the recovery (May-June) in online job posting. The associations of online job postings with regional characteristics also differed between teleworkable (with high feasibility of performing work duties remotely) and non-teleworkable jobs. Cities with higher share of teleworkable employment had more online vacancy announcements during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264480865 , 9789264598287 , 9789264751644
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Early learning and child well-being
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Sozialer Indikator ; Kinder ; England ; USA ; Estland ; Education ; Estonia ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The first five years of a child’s life is a period of great opportunity, and risk. The cognitive and social-emotional skills that children develop in these early years have long-lasting impacts on their later outcomes throughout schooling and adulthood. The International Early Learning and Child Well-Being Study was designed to help countries assess their children’s skills and development, to understand how these relate to children’s early learning experiences and well-being. The study provides countries with comparative data on children’s early skills to assist countries to better identify factors that promote or hinder children’s early learning. Three countries participated in this study in 2018: England (United Kingdom), Estonia and the United States. The study directly assessed the emergent literacy and numeracy, self-regulation and social-emotional skills of a representative sample of five-year-old children in registered school and ECEC settings in each participating country. It also collected contextual and assessment information from the children’s parents and teachers. This report sets out the findings from the study as a whole.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264630710 , 9789264780217 , 9789264411494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (450 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education in four US States
    Keywords: Washington (Staat) ; Studium ; Bildungsertrag ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Washington ; Studium ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, higher education graduates enjoy higher employment rates and earnings than workers with only an upper secondary qualification. However, not all graduates find jobs that make full use of their skills and help them launch rewarding careers, and employers in some economic sectors point to a lack of qualified graduates. Policy makers are concerned about the current alignment of higher education systems to labour markets, and are increasingly uneasy about the future of work and the resilience of higher education systems in uncertain economic times. This report, which focuses on four US states – Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington – is the third of a series of country-specific reviews conducted as part of the OECD project on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education. The report offers a comprehensive review of graduate outcomes and policies supporting alignment between higher education and the labour market in the four participating states in 2018-19, an overview of the US labour market and higher education context, and a range of policy examples from across OECD jurisdictions to help improve the alignment of higher education and the labour market.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264751804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening the governance of skills systems
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Estland ; Deutschland ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Portugal ; USA ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Estonia ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; Portugal ; United States
    Abstract: The governance of skills systems has always raised a number of challenges for governments. Being at the intersection of education, labour market, industrial and other policy domains, managing skills policies is inherently complex. Addressing these challenges is more than ever crucial as globalisation, technological progress and demographic change are putting daunting pressures on skills systems to ensure that all members of society are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems: Lessons from Six OECD Countries provides advice on how to make the governance of skills systems effective. Building on the OECD Skills Strategy 2019, which identified four main challenges of skills systems governance, the report presents examples of how six different countries (Estonia, Germany, Korea, Norway, Portugal and the United States) have responded to one or several of these challenges. It also outlines concrete policy recommendations together with a self-assessment tool which provides guidance to policy makers and stakeholders for designing better skills systems that deliver better skills outcomes.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 9-26 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:9-26
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 9-26
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-26
    Keywords: accrual budgeting ; federal retirement ; federal budgeting ; federal insurance ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: Federal retirement programmes and some federal insurance programmes have long-term effects on the budget. But the federal budget process typically uses cash-based accounting measures that cover a 10-year period, which may be too short to accurately report those programmes’ net budgetary effects over the long term. In contrast, using accrual accounting for such programmes would accelerate the recognition of long-term costs and would display the expected costs of new commitments when they were incurred and thus were most controllable. However, such estimates are less transparent and verifiable than cash-based estimates, involve more uncertainty, and can complicate budget reporting.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 27-66 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:27-66
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 27-66
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:27-66
    Keywords: monitoring ; fiscal risks ; Subnational accounting ; balance sheets ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: The early detection of state and local fiscal problems can help in resolving them quickly before they turn into crises. Early detection should be easier if subnational governments prepare high-quality accounts. A survey and case studies were therefore undertaken to investigate the nature of subnational accounting in OECD and key partner countries, as well as the use of subnational accounts by national governments that monitor subnational finances. The results show that in many countries subnational accounting has characteristics that should help in the early detection of fiscal problems, including the use of accrual accounts prepared according to largely harmonised standards. Many national governments use a wide range of indicators from the accounts to monitor the financial health of subnational governments. However, there is room for progress including in the monitoring of non-financial assets and reporting of currently off-balance sheet liabilities.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 133-184 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:133-184
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 133-184
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:133-184
    Keywords: budgetary governance ; public financial management ; Slovak Republic ; Governance ; Economics ; Finance and Investment ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This review looks at how the budgeting and public financial management system, as managed and co-ordinated by the Ministry of Finance, effectively supports Principles 2 and 3 of the OECD Recommendation on Budgetary Governance (2015). This report is divided into four sections providing recommendations at the end of each based on the OECD Principles of Budgetary Governance.
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  • 50
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 67-96 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2 | day:31 | month:07 | pages:67-96
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20(2020), 2 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 67-96
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:07
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:67-96
    Keywords: equality ; framework ; budgeting ; Gender ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: Gender inequality is an important and visible issue for OECD countries and the costs are borne at both social and economic levels. In line with the 2015 OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life, gender budgeting ensures that gender equality considerations are taken systematically into account in tax and spending decisions. Effective implementation of gender budgeting has the potential to improve gender equality, ensure a sense of fairness and contribute to inclusive economic growth. This paper draws on the experiences of OECD countries and aims to provide insights into how the budget process can develop as a tool to support gender equality goals; the different ways in which gender budgeting can be implemented; and the factors that help provide an enabling environment for gender budgeting. Arising from this analysis, this paper proposes initial guidelines for designing and implementing gender budgeting to assist countries in putting in place an effective and sustainable approach. It also presents a first pass at a composite index for gender budgeting which assesses the extent to which OECD countries gender budgeting efforts are characterised by a strong strategic framework, effective tools of implementation and an enabling environment.
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  • 51
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 20, no. 2 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; United States
    Abstract: Insolvency frameworks stipulate rules and procedures to resolve debt in a prompt and orderly way. Such frameworks may serve to facilitate debt restructuring and the fiscal recovery even of subnational entities, including states and municipalities. They may even prevent subnational governments from sliding into insolvency. This paper identifies the benefits of setting up an insolvency framework for subnational governments, complementing existing budget rules and procedures. It analyses different design options of subnational insolvency frameworks by drawing on existing regimes for municipalities in Colombia, Hungary, South Africa, Switzerland and the United States as well as proposals for sovereign bankruptcy procedures in the literature. The paper also explores the main challenges for implementing subnational insolvency regimes and presents possible solutions.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 17 (January 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Unconventional monetary policy ; productivity ; capital reallocation ; bond markets ; United States ; United States ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We examine the relationship between lax monetary policy, access to high-yield bond markets and productivity in the US between 2008 and 2016. Using monetary policy surprises, obtained from changes in interest rates futures in narrow windows around FOMC announcements, we isolate the increased access to high-yield bond markets relative to investment-grade bond markets that is due to unconventional monetary policy (UMP). We find that through the risk-taking channel, UMP has increased investors’ appetite for high-yield US corporate bonds, thereby increasing access to high-yield bond markets for firms with a higher risk profile. Since the relationship between credit ratings and firm-level productivity is U-shaped, the aggregate effect on productivity is a priori unclear. Turning to the real economy, we thus analyse whether this additional access to finance had an effect on aggregate productivity by altering the reallocation of resources across firms. Our results show that unconventional monetary policy induced less investment in tangible capital by high-productive firms. However, before drawing conclusions on the net effects of UMP on aggregate productivity, we discuss a number of issues that this paper could not deal with due to data limitations, including prominently whether this apparent misallocation may have been offset by a shift in the composition of investments towards more intangible investment.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD economic survey of the United States
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Großbritannien ; Development ; Economics ; United States ; USA ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftliche Stabilität
    Abstract: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264523531 , 9789264385139 , 9789264562165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Erwachsener ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: This edition of the Reader’s Companion accompanies Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills that reports the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 3 rounds of data collection in the first cycle of PIAAC, with a particular focus on the 6 countries that participated in the third round of the study (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). It describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264332829 , 9789264799004 , 9789264811072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Qualifikation
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 33 countries and regions that participated in the 1st and 2nd round of the Survey of Adult Skills in 2011-12 and in 2014-15, this report describes adults’ proficiency in three information-processing skills, and examines how proficiency is related to labour-market and social outcomes. It also places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd and final round of the first cycle of PIAAC in 2017-18, which included 6 countries (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in three information-processing skills: literacy, numeracy and problem-solving in technology-rich environments.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264327658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United States (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; USA ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United States ; G-20-Staaten ; USA ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United States, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 57
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 2 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:2
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; United States
    Abstract: “Over the next 25 years, more than half the nuclear plants in the United States will turn 40, and their operating licenses will expire as they do. With no reactors on order and only two under construction, the nuclear industry’s hope for survival probably rests on continued operation of existing plants.”1
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Faire table rase n’est plus une option
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United States
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264302853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United States 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; USA ; Taxation ; United States
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United States.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264289048 , 9789264190115 , 9789264298354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Employment ; United States
    Abstract: In the United States, employment rates at older ages are comparatively high at 62% among 55-64 year-olds against 59% on average in OECD countries in 2016. However, there are large disparities across population groups. Early retirement remains a widespread phenomenon, especially among workers from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Preventing old-age disparities in terms of employment outcomes and retirement income from widening is crucial. This report looks at the various pathways out of the labour market for older workers, and how employers can be supported to retain and hire older workers. It examines the best ways that the United States can promote the employability of workers throughout their working lives and more equal outcomes among older workers.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2017, 07
    Keywords: Zeitverwendung ; Gesundheit ; Frankreich ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; France ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The last decade has seen a sustained surge of interest in measures of subjective well-being on the part of economists and other social scientists. The vast majority of the academic literature on subjective well-being focuses on measures of life evaluation, as does most discussion of how measures of subjective well-being can be applied to policy. However, measures of life evaluation have well-known limitations, and other measures of subjective well-being, including experienced well-being (i.e. people’s time use and emotional state over time), can be an important complement to measures of life evaluation. As of 2016, however, few countries have included experienced well-being in their official time use surveys, and there is relatively little understanding of how different methodological approaches to measuring experienced well-being affect the results obtained. This paper presents results using data from the US and the French time use surveys, showing that the different approaches adopted by these two countries have quite different implications for the data collected. Results highlight the sensitivity of experienced well-being measures – particularly the U-index – to the choice of affective states included, and shed light on the differing results found in the literature on how unemployment impacts upon experienced well-being.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 104
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarversicherung ; Risikomanagement ; Umweltpolitik ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Main changes to US farm programmes under the 2014 Farm Bill aim to strengthen instruments for risk management, both in commodity and in crop insurance programmes. In addition, the 2014 Farm Bill consolidated voluntary conservation programmes supporting agricultural land preservation and the adoption of environmentally friendly production practices. In the literature reviewed, analysts generally acknowledge the reinforced capacity of farm programmes to reduce farm revenue losses and the diversity of options offered to farmers to manage risk. They also discuss farmers' choices of participation in programmes and coverage level in terms of optimisation of their benefits. They also outline the scope for higher budget costs if prices keep falling, but note that some provisions limit the increase. Regarding the impact of programmes on land and markets, the consensus is that by design, the two new crop commodity programmes do not influence current planting decisions, but they could generate small wealth and risk effects. Similarly the new dairy programme could affect the decisions of risk adverse farmers. Support to crop insurance on the other hand is based on current parameters, and unlimited, thus it is expected to encourage higher input use to maximise profit, in addition to the wealth and risk effects. Empirical analyses find very small effects of crop insurance subsidies on total land use, but some suggest a non-negligible impact on crop rotation, and variable input use. Overall, the literature finds that conservation payments seem to have had a positive impact on the environment. In particular, they have encouraged farmers to adopt more environmentally-friendly practices and address a broader set of environmental objectives. Some experts note, however, that some programmes may not necessarily bring additional benefits. Experts consider that cross-compliance mechanisms have partly contributed to reduce soil erosion by encouraging farmers to use less erosive cropping practices (e.g. conservation tillage, conservation crop rotations) and to retire particularly erodible land.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264282698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United States (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; USA ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United States ; USA ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United States, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1328
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; USA ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Productivity growth has been sluggish since the Great Recession and had been slowing before it. This slowdown has touched nearly every industry. Although part the slowdown may be related to weakness of investment related to the slow recovery of aggregate demand, structural issues also appear to be playing a role, including persistent declines in business dynamism (market entry and exit of firms) and signs of diminishing competitive pressures. Historically, young productive firms have been an important source of productivity growth, but start-up rates have been slowing for some time and have been especially low in the aftermath of the crisis, and failure rates of new firms have risen. This diminished dynamism appears to be associated with other trends such as population ageing, funding difficulties, reforms in 2005 to the personal bankruptcy code that made debt discharge more difficult, intellectual property rights that favour some established companies, the spread of state-level occupational licensing requirements, as well as zoning and land use restrictions that inhibit resources from flowing to their most productive use. There are also signs that market power is gradually intensifying on balance, restraining competitive forces that would otherwise translate productivity gains into broad-based improvements in household purchasing power.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2016/18
    Keywords: Transport ; United States
    Abstract: This assessment of the present context for evolving socio-economic patterns and trends in the United States is intended to support consideration of prospects for gains in income shares among the lower income population, recognising that the United States is: a very large heterogeneous population; highly dispersed over a large geographic area; highly technologically developed; and with relatively high incomes by world standards. All of these factors conduce to the need to recognize the characteristics of individual nations as they move toward improved incomes for their populations. The key factor for the future in the US will be better utilisation of the underemployed population to abet the need for skilled workers to support a large aging dependent population, including better education, and greater mobility providing access to employment and to other social and economic opportunities. It is hoped that this assessment adds further dimension to the important challenges addressed here.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 96
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Dürre ; Landwirtschaft ; Wasserpolitik ; Colorado (USA, Fluss) ; Kalifornien ; USA (Südweststaaten) ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses trends in agriculture for the US Southwest region, one of the most water stressed and productive agricultural regions in the world expected to face further water shortages in the future due to climate change and continued growth. It examines projected water risks by mid-century without additional policy action, and discusses the expected implications for the agriculture sector, based on a review of existing data and available publications. The region will likely continue to be a major agricultural producer by mid-century but will be affected by more variable and uncertain water supplies and increased water demand. Irrigated area is likely to decline, with lower value, water-intensive field and forage crops experiencing the greatest losses. Livestock and dairy are also especially vulnerable to water shortages and climate change. Trade and employment may be affected, although projections remain uncertain. Policy options can help mitigate these projected water risks, such as agricultural and urban water efficiency improvements, refined groundwater management, investment in water banks and recycled wastewater systems, and well-defined water transfers.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.151
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the performance of the students in the United States in all 84 mathematics items that were administered in the United States as part of the PISA 2012 assessment. It compares the performance of the United States with the OECD average and with the performance of five reference countries/economies that were ranked higher on the PISA scale. The analysis reveals specific relative strengths and weaknesses of the 15-year-olds in the United States, referring to items in which they performed unexpectedly well or unexpectedly badly compared to their overall distance from the OECD average or from the reference countries/economies. On that basis, certain patterns – that means certain clusters – of items with similar cognitive requirements, are identified. There are seven altogether, three for strengths and four for weaknesses of the US students. An analysis of student solutions illustrates and further clarifies these strengths and weaknesses. The results show that the relative strengths are mostly revealed in easy items, whereas the relative weaknesses are mostly reflected in particularly demanding items.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 112
    Keywords: Stadtstruktur ; Städtischer Freiraum ; Städtische Flächennutzung ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Lebensqualität ; Ballungsraum ; USA ; Environment ; United States ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The provision of open space is at the heart of a complex arbitration of local public finance and urban quality of life. The amount of open space varies substantially across urban areas. This variation raises some natural questions: What determines the amount of open space in an urban area? How does the amount of open space affect housing prices and local tax revenues? How can we assess whether the amount of open space in urban areas is socially optimal? This paper conducts theoretical and empirical analysis to address these issues. The theoretical analysis reveals that price elasticities of housing demand and supply, economies of scale in providing public services, and capitalized and non-capitalized values of environmental benefits from open space are key parameters affecting the optimal amount of open space. The effects of these parameters are tested on the basis of a sample of U.S. urban areas. Empirical results suggest that a significant share of U.S. urban areas has too little open space, in the sense that additional open space conservation could increase land values and social welfare.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2016, 03
    Keywords: Zufriedenheit ; Sozialer Indikator ; Suchmaschine ; Webanalyse ; USA ; Employment ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We build an indicator of individual subjective well-being in the United States based on Google Trends. The indicator is a combination of keyword groups that are endogenously identified to fit with the weekly time-series of subjective well-being measures disseminated by Gallup Analytics. We find that keywords associated with job search, financial security, family life and leisure are the strongest predictors of the variations in subjective well-being. The model successfully predicts the out-of-sample evolution of most subjective well-being measures at a one-year horizon.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1333
    Keywords: Bildungschancen ; Bildungspolitik ; USA ; Education ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Measures that enable the acquisition of new skills and reduce mismatches between the demand and supply of existing skills can boost US economic growth and make its benefits more inclusive. Although overall schooling performance has generally improved over time, many disadvantaged students still fail to achieve basic numeracy and literacy. Many parents are denied the opportunity to make their most productive contribution to the economy due to a lack of paid parental leave provisions, publicly-funded childcare and early-childhood education. Discrimination against individuals on the basis of race and gender or those with criminal records can also create barriers to opportunity. Some geographic areas of the country are performing very well, while others are being held back by governance structures that are ill-equipped to deal with economic, social, and environmental challenges. Getting the right policies and infrastructure in place in a timely manner can expand opportunity in these areas.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264266971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; USA ; Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264266513
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Back to Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Back to work
    Keywords: Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; USA ; Employment ; United States ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Wiedereinstellung
    Abstract: Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is part of a series of nine reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that the United States has a relatively high rate of job displacement and that only one in two affected workers find a new job within one year. Older displaced workers and those with a low level of education fare worst. Contrary to most other OECD countries, displaced workers have long been a target group for policy intervention, and a number of system features, like rapid response services, are promising. But the success of US policies is limited because overall funding for the workforce development system is insufficient and because only trade-related job displacement comes with generous entitlement for training and better benefits.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264264120
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in the United States
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; United States
    Abstract: The US food and agriculture sector is innovative, competitive and export-oriented. Changes in national and global demand offer further opportunities for US agri-food products, although climate change and other resource constraints could create additional challenges, in particular in some regions. Maintaining high productivity growth, while improving the sustainable use of resources will require further innovation. In a policy environment generally favourable to investment and innovation, the strong US agricultural innovation system is expected to continue to create innovations that will be widely adopted, to the extent that these can be widely accepted.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9780833092151 , 0833092154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxii, 377 pages)
    Keywords: United States Evaluation ; United States ; Health services accessibility ; Veterans Medical care ; Health services accessibility ; Veterans ; United States ; MEDICAL ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Evaluation ; Health services accessibility ; Veterans ; Medical care ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 addressed the need for access to timely, high-quality health care for veterans. Section 201 of the legislation called for an independent assessment of various aspects of veterans' health care. The RAND Corporation was tasked with an assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA's) current and projected health care capabilities and resources. An examination of data from a variety of sources, along with a survey of VA medical facility leaders, revealed the breadth and depth of VA resources and capabilities: fiscal resources, workforce and human resources, physical infrastructure, interorganizational relationships, and information resources. The assessment identified barriers to the effective use of these resources and capabilities. Analysis of data on access to VA care and the quality of that care showed that almost all veterans live within 40 miles of a VA health facility, but fewer have access to VA specialty care. Veterans usually receive care within 14 days of their desired appointment date, but wait times vary considerably across VA facilities. VA has long played a national leadership role in measuring the quality of health care. The assessment showed that VA health care quality was as good or better on most measures compared with other health systems, but quality performance lagged at some VA facilities. VA will require more resources and capabilities to meet a projected increase in veterans' demand for VA care over the next five years. Options for increasing capacity include accelerated hiring, full nurse practice authority, and expanded use of telehealth
    Abstract: The Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 addressed the need for access to timely, high-quality health care for veterans. Section 201 of the legislation called for an independent assessment of various aspects of veterans' health care. The RAND Corporation was tasked with an assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA's) current and projected health care capabilities and resources. An examination of data from a variety of sources, along with a survey of VA medical facility leaders, revealed the breadth and depth of VA resources and capabilities: fiscal resources, workforce and human resources, physical infrastructure, interorganizational relationships, and information resources. The assessment identified barriers to the effective use of these resources and capabilities. Analysis of data on access to VA care and the quality of that care showed that almost all veterans live within 40 miles of a VA health facility, but fewer have access to VA specialty care. Veterans usually receive care within 14 days of their desired appointment date, but wait times vary considerably across VA facilities. VA has long played a national leadership role in measuring the quality of health care. The assessment showed that VA health care quality was as good or better on most measures compared with other health systems, but quality performance lagged at some VA facilities. VA will require more resources and capabilities to meet a projected increase in veterans' demand for VA care over the next five years. Options for increasing capacity include accelerated hiring, full nurse practice authority, and expanded use of telehealth
    Note: "Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs , DOI: 10.7249/RR1165.2 , Includes bibliographical references (pages 347-377)
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2015, no. 1 | volume:2015 | year:2015 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2015, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Slovak Republic ; United States
    Abstract: Slovak Republic Further developments in cases related to the challenge by Greenpeace Slovakia to the Mochovce nuclear power plant United States Judgment of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission denying requests from petitioners to suspend final reactor licensing decisions pending the issuance of a final determination of reasonable assurance of permanent disposal of spent fuel
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2015, no. 1, p. 69-84 | volume:2015 | year:2015 | number:1 | pages:69-84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2015, no. 1, p. 69-84
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:69-84
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; India ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Lithuania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Switzerland ; United States
    Abstract: Canada Liability and compensation France Liability and compensation Nuclear safety and radiological protection Greece Organisation and structure Hungary General legislation India Liability and compensation Japan Liability and compensation Korea Liability and compensation Lithuania General legislation Transport of radioactive material Slovak Republic International co-operation Liability and compensation Slovenia General legislation Switzerland Liability and compensation United States Radioactive waste management
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in the United States
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United States
    Abstract: How to stimulate growth and support job creation are two critical challenges that countries confront following the global financial crisis. The Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD has developed international cross-comparative reviews on local job creation policies to examine the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment. Each country review examines the capacity of employment services and training providers to contribute to a long-term strategy which strengthens the resiliency of the local economy, increases skills levels and job quality. This report looks at the range of institutions and bodies involved in workforce and skills development in two states – California and Michigan. In-depth fieldwork focused on two local Workforce Investment Boards in each state: the Sacramento Employment and Training Agency (SETA); the Northern Rural and Training and Employment Consortium (NoRTEC); the Southeast Michigan Community Alliance (SEMCA); and the Great Lakes Bay Michigan Works. The report concludes with a number of recommendations and actions to promote job creation at the federal, state and local levels.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le tourisme et l'économie créative
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tourism and the creative economy
    Keywords: Tourismus ; Kreativsektor ; Wissensgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Austria ; China, People’s Republic ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; New Zealand ; United States ; OECD ; Tourismus ; Kulturwirtschaft ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: As the significance of the creative economy continues to grow, important synergies with tourism are emerging, offering considerable potential to grow demand and develop new products, experiences and markets.These new links are driving a shift from conventional models of cultural tourism to new models of creative tourism based on intangible culture and contemporary creativity. This report examines the growing relationship between the tourism and creative sectors to guide the development of effective policies in this area. Drawing on recent case studies, it considers how to strengthen these linkages and take advantage of the opportunities to generate added value. Active policies are needed so that countries, regions and cities can realise the potential benefits from linking tourism and creativity. Key policy issues are identified.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9780833084934 , 0833085298 , 0833084933 , 9780833085290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 124 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-564-BJA
    Parallel Title: Print version How effective is correctional education, and where do we go from here?
    Keywords: Educational evaluation ; Prisoners Education ; Evaluation ; Juvenile delinquents Education ; Evaluation ; Educational evaluation ; Prisoners ; Juvenile delinquents ; EDUCATION ; Evaluation & Assessment ; Prisoners ; Education ; Evaluation ; Educational evaluation ; Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency ; Juvenile delinquents ; Education ; Evaluation ; United States ; Social Sciences ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Penology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "More than 2 million adults are incarcerated in U.S. prisons, and each year more than 700,000 leave federal and state prisons and return to communities. Unfortunately, within three years, 40 percent will be reincarcerated. One reason for this is that ex-offenders lack the knowledge, training, and skills to support a successful return to communities. Trying to reduce such high recidivism rates is partly why states devote resources to educating and training individuals in prison. This raises the question of how effective -- and cost-effective -- correctional education is: an even more salient question given the funding environment states face from the 2008 recession and its continuing aftermath. With funding from the Second Chance Act of 2007, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice, asked RAND to help answer this question as part of a comprehensive examination of the current state of correctional education for incarcerated adults and juveniles. The RAND team conducted a systematic review of correctional education programs for incarcerated adults and juveniles. This included a meta-analysis on correctional education's effects on recidivism and postrelease employment outcomes for incarcerated adults, as well as a synthesis of evidence on programs for juveniles. The study also included a nationwide survey of state correctional education directors to understand how correctional education is provided today and the recession's impact. The authors also compared the direct costs of correctional education with those of reincarceration to put the recidivism findings into a broader context."--Provided by publisher
    Abstract: "More than 2 million adults are incarcerated in U.S. prisons, and each year more than 700,000 leave federal and state prisons and return to communities. Unfortunately, within three years, 40 percent will be reincarcerated. One reason for this is that ex-offenders lack the knowledge, training, and skills to support a successful return to communities. Trying to reduce such high recidivism rates is partly why states devote resources to educating and training individuals in prison. This raises the question of how effective -- and cost-effective -- correctional education is: an even more salient question given the funding environment states face from the 2008 recession and its continuing aftermath. With funding from the Second Chance Act of 2007, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice, asked RAND to help answer this question as part of a comprehensive examination of the current state of correctional education for incarcerated adults and juveniles. The RAND team conducted a systematic review of correctional education programs for incarcerated adults and juveniles. This included a meta-analysis on correctional education's effects on recidivism and postrelease employment outcomes for incarcerated adults, as well as a synthesis of evidence on programs for juveniles. The study also included a nationwide survey of state correctional education directors to understand how correctional education is provided today and the recession's impact. The authors also compared the direct costs of correctional education with those of reincarceration to put the recidivism findings into a broader context."--Provided by publisher
    Note: "RR-564-BJA."--Page 4 of printed paper wrapper , Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-124)
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9780833089786 , 0833089781
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Research report
    DDC: 610.285
    Keywords: Data protection ; Medical care Information technology ; Medical records Access control ; Health services administration Information technology ; Management ; Data protection ; Medical care ; Medical records ; Health services administration ; Data protection ; Medical records ; Access control ; United States ; Electronic books
    Note: "Sponsored by the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9780833085184 , 0833085182
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Research report
    Keywords: Materials management Evaluation ; Materials management ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Infrastructure ; Armed Forces ; Medical care ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Medical supplies ; United States Armed Forces ; Medical care ; United States Armed Forces ; Medical supplies ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9780833086686 , 0833086685 , 9780833086679 , 0833086669 , 9780833086303 , 0833086677 , 9780833086662
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Shih, Regina A Improving dementia long-term care
    Keywords: Older people with disabilities Long-term care ; Chronically ill Long-term care ; Medical policy ; Older people with mental disabilities Long-term care ; Dementia Patients ; Long-term care ; Government policy ; Dementia Patients ; Long-term care ; Older people with disabilities ; Chronically ill ; Medical policy ; Older people with mental disabilities ; Dementia ; Dementia ; Quality Improvement ; Aged ; Dementia therapy ; Long-Term Care ; Electronic books ; MEDICAL ; Geriatrics ; Chronically ill ; Long-term care ; Dementia ; Patients ; Long-term care ; Medical policy ; Older people with disabilities ; Long-term care ; Psychiatry ; Health & Biological Sciences ; Psychiatric Disorders, Individual ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Social Security ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Social Services & Welfare ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "In 2010, 15 percent of Americans older than age 70 had dementia, and the number of new dementia cases among those 65 and older is expected to double by the year 2050. As the baby boomer generation ages, many older adults will require dementia-related long-term services and supports (LTSS). This blueprint is the only national document to date that engages local, state, and national stakeholders to specifically focus on policy options at the intersection of dementia and LTSS. The authors undertook five major tasks that resulted in a prioritized list of policy options and research directions to help decisionmakers improve the dementia LTSS delivery system, workforce, and financing. These were to (1) identify weaknesses in the LTSS system that may be particularly severe for persons with dementia; (2) review national and state strategies addressing dementia or LTSS policy; (3) identify policy options from the perspective of a diverse group of stakeholders; (4) evaluate the policy options; and (5) prioritize policy options by impact and feasibility. Stakeholders identified 38 policy options. RAND researchers independently evaluated these options against prespecified criteria, settling on 25 priority options. These policy options can be summarized into five objectives for the dementia LTSS system: (1) increase public awareness of dementia to reduce stigma and promote earlier detection; (2) improve access to and use of LTSS; (3) promote high-quality, person- and caregiver-centered care; (4) provide better support for family caregivers of people with dementia; and (5) reduce the burden of dementia LTSS costs on individuals and families. This policy blueprint provides a foundation upon which to build consensus among a larger set of stakeholders to set priorities and the sequencing of policy recommendations"--
    Abstract: "In 2010, 15 percent of Americans older than age 70 had dementia, and the number of new dementia cases among those 65 and older is expected to double by the year 2050. As the baby boomer generation ages, many older adults will require dementia-related long-term services and supports (LTSS). This blueprint is the only national document to date that engages local, state, and national stakeholders to specifically focus on policy options at the intersection of dementia and LTSS. The authors undertook five major tasks that resulted in a prioritized list of policy options and research directions to help decisionmakers improve the dementia LTSS delivery system, workforce, and financing. These were to (1) identify weaknesses in the LTSS system that may be particularly severe for persons with dementia; (2) review national and state strategies addressing dementia or LTSS policy; (3) identify policy options from the perspective of a diverse group of stakeholders; (4) evaluate the policy options; and (5) prioritize policy options by impact and feasibility. Stakeholders identified 38 policy options. RAND researchers independently evaluated these options against prespecified criteria, settling on 25 priority options. These policy options can be summarized into five objectives for the dementia LTSS system: (1) increase public awareness of dementia to reduce stigma and promote earlier detection; (2) improve access to and use of LTSS; (3) promote high-quality, person- and caregiver-centered care; (4) provide better support for family caregivers of people with dementia; and (5) reduce the burden of dementia LTSS costs on individuals and families. This policy blueprint provides a foundation upon which to build consensus among a larger set of stakeholders to set priorities and the sequencing of policy recommendations"--
    Note: "The research in this report was produced within RAND Health and RAND Labor and Population."--Title page verso , "This report results from the RAND Corporation's Investment in People and Ideas program."--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9780833082114 , 0833084704 , 0833082116 , 9780833084705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 167 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-382-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Connable, Ben Modeling, simulation, and operations analysis in Afghanistan and Iraq
    Keywords: Soldiers Protection ; Simulation methods ; Evaluation ; Logistics Simulation methods ; Evaluation ; Military planning Simulation methods ; Evaluation ; Decision making Simulation methods ; Evaluation ; Operations research ; Counterinsurgency Simulation methods ; Evaluation ; Irregular warfare Simulation methods ; Evaluation ; Soldiers ; Logistics ; Military planning ; Decision making ; Operations research ; Counterinsurgency ; Irregular warfare ; COMPUTERS ; Data Modeling & Design ; Operations research ; Military Science - General ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; Electronic book
    Abstract: RAND conducted a lessons learned examination of operations analysis, modeling, and simulation in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. This report identifies ways in which analysts have attempted to support commanders' decisions in counterinsurgency and irregular warfare, describes many of the models and tools they employed, provides insight into the challenges they faced, and suggests ways in which the application of modeling, simulation, and analysis might be improved for current and future operations. RAND identified four broad categories of decisions: force protection, logistics, campaign assessment, and force structuring. Modeling, simulation, and analysis were most effective in supporting force protection and logistics decisions, and least effective in supporting campaign assessment and force structuring
    Abstract: RAND conducted a lessons learned examination of operations analysis, modeling, and simulation in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. This report identifies ways in which analysts have attempted to support commanders' decisions in counterinsurgency and irregular warfare, describes many of the models and tools they employed, provides insight into the challenges they faced, and suggests ways in which the application of modeling, simulation, and analysis might be improved for current and future operations. RAND identified four broad categories of decisions: force protection, logistics, campaign assessment, and force structuring. Modeling, simulation, and analysis were most effective in supporting force protection and logistics decisions, and least effective in supporting campaign assessment and force structuring
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-167)
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9780833085801 , 0833085808 , 9780833084552 , 0833085816 , 0833084550 , 9780833085818
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 44 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series
    Parallel Title: Print version Groves, David G Strengthening coastal planning
    Keywords: Coastal zone management ; Shore protection Planning ; Planning Technique ; Coastal engineering Planning ; Coastal zone management ; Shore protection ; Planning ; Coastal engineering ; Coastal zone management ; Planning ; Technique ; Shore protection ; Planning ; Sociology & Social History ; Social Sciences ; Communities - Urban Groups ; United States ; Louisiana ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Real Estate ; General ; NATURE ; Natural Disasters ; Electronic book
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Figures; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Chapter One: Introduction; Forces at Work on the Louisiana Coast; A Modified River Runs Through It; Business as Usual Will Not Halt the Land Loss; The Risk of Coastal Flooding Is Rising; Economic and Social Implications of a Coast at Risk; Challenges in Creating a Master Plan; Diverse Range and Large Number of Possible Solutions; The Future Is Uncertain; A Diverse Region Seeking Different and Sometimes Conflicting Outcomes; Need for Coordination Across Jurisdictions.
    Abstract: Determining How To Allocate Funds Across Project TypesStriking a Balance Between Near-Term and Long-Term Outcomes; Balancing Among Different Planning Objectives; Ensuring Robustness for the Uncertain Future; Louisiana's 2012 Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast; Next Steps for Louisiana; Chapter Four: Reducing Coastal Risk Through Integrated Planning; Growing Vulnerability of Coastal Regions; Costs of Coastal Flooding; Strengthening Coastal Resilience Requires a Comprehensive Planning Process; Coastal Risks Are Increasing, but in Uncertain Ways.
    Abstract: Evolution of the Master Planning ProcessChapter Two: Analytical Support for the Development of Louisiana's 50-Year Comprehensive Plan; New Analytical Capabilities Informed the Planning Framework; Accounting for Deep Uncertainty Using Scenarios; Systems Models, CLARA, and Innovative Flood Risk Modeling; The Planning Tool and Innovative Decisionmaking; Supporting CPRA Decisionmaking with Analysis; Chapter Three: Using the Planning Tool to Support the Development of a Comprehensive Plan for Louisiana; Planning Tool Analysis Supported Deliberations; Comparing Projects on an Even Playing Field.
    Abstract: This report highlights RAND's contributions to the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority's Master Plan. Its purpose is to help policymakers in other coastal regions understand the value of a solid technical foundation to support decisionmaking on strategies to reduce flood risk, rebuild or restore coastal environments, and increase the resilience of developed coastal regions
    Abstract: There Are Many Different Types of Strategies to Consider to Reduce Risks and Restore Coastal LandscapesSolutions Will Be Implemented by Local, Regional, State, and Federal Agencies; Principles for Integrated Coastal Planning; Public Participation Is Essential Throughout the Planning Process; Technical Analysis Is Meant to Inform Deliberations and Value Judgments by Decisionmakers; A Sustainable Long-Term Strategy Must Be Robust and Adaptive; Building on Louisiana's Planning Experience; Appendix: A Brief Description of Robust Decision Making; References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9780833085245 , 0833085247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: People with disabilities ; Income maintenance programs ; Supplemental security income program ; People with disabilities ; Income maintenance programs ; Supplemental security income program ; Supplemental security income program ; United States ; LAW ; Labor & Employment ; Income maintenance programs ; People with disabilities ; Electronic books
    Note: "Rand Center for Health and Safety in the Workplace , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9780833083951 , 0833085514 , 0833083953 , 9780833085511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 54 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-308/1-ASPE
    Parallel Title: Print version Damberg, Cheryl Measuring success in health care value-based purchasing programs
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Medicare ; Health services administration ; Purchasing Management ; Medical care Purchasing ; Government purchasing ; Health care reform ; Medicare ; Health services administration ; Purchasing ; Medical care ; Government purchasing ; Health Services Administration ; Value-Based Purchasing ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Medicare ; Government purchasing ; Health care reform ; Health services administration ; Medicare ; Purchasing ; Management ; United States ; United States
    Abstract: Value-based purchasing (VBP) refers to a broad set of performance-based payment strategies that link financial incentives to health care providers' performance on a set of defined measures in an effort to achieve better value. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is advancing the implementation of VBP across an array of health care settings in the Medicare program in response to requirements in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and policymakers are grappling with many decisions about how best to design and implement VBP programs so that they are successful in achieving stated goals. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge about VBP programs, focusing on pay-for-performance programs, accountable care organizations, and bundled payment programs. The authors discuss VBP program goals and what constitutes success; the evidence on the impact of these programs; factors that characterize high- and low-performing providers in VBP programs; the measures, incentive structures, and benchmarks used by VBP programs; evidence on spillover effects and unintended consequences; and gaps in the knowledge base. The report concludes with a set of recommendations for the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of VBP programs and a discussion of HHS's efforts in this regard
    Abstract: Value-based purchasing (VBP) refers to a broad set of performance-based payment strategies that link financial incentives to health care providers' performance on a set of defined measures in an effort to achieve better value. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is advancing the implementation of VBP across an array of health care settings in the Medicare program in response to requirements in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and policymakers are grappling with many decisions about how best to design and implement VBP programs so that they are successful in achieving stated goals. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge about VBP programs, focusing on pay-for-performance programs, accountable care organizations, and bundled payment programs. The authors discuss VBP program goals and what constitutes success; the evidence on the impact of these programs; factors that characterize high- and low-performing providers in VBP programs; the measures, incentive structures, and benchmarks used by VBP programs; evidence on spillover effects and unintended consequences; and gaps in the knowledge base. The report concludes with a set of recommendations for the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of VBP programs and a discussion of HHS's efforts in this regard
    Note: "Sponsored by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."--Title page verso , "RAND Health , "RAND Corporation research report series."--Web page (PDF) , "RR-306/1-ASPE."--Page 4 of printed paper wrapper , Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-54)
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9780833090041 , 0833090046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 58 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report RR-259-AF
    Parallel Title: Print version Lynch, Kristin F Implementation actions for improving Air Force command and control through enhanced agile combat support planning, execution, monitoring, and control processes
    Keywords: United States Operational readiness ; United States ; Military planning ; Command and control systems ; Military planning ; Command and control systems ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Command and control systems ; Military planning ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The focus of this analysis is on how enhanced ACS processes can be implemented and integrated into the Air Force and Joint command and control (C2) enterprise. Using the vision for enhanced C2 provided in the updated architecture developed as a companion piece to this analysis, we identify and describe where shortfalls or major gaps exist between current ACS processes (the AS-IS) and the vision for integrating enhanced ACS processes into Air Force C2 (the TO-BE). We evaluate C2 nodes from the level of the President and Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) to the units and sources of supply. We also evaluate these nodes across the operational phases, from readiness preparation through planning, deployment, employment, sustainment, and reconstitution."--Provided by publisher
    Abstract: "The focus of this analysis is on how enhanced ACS processes can be implemented and integrated into the Air Force and Joint command and control (C2) enterprise. Using the vision for enhanced C2 provided in the updated architecture developed as a companion piece to this analysis, we identify and describe where shortfalls or major gaps exist between current ACS processes (the AS-IS) and the vision for integrating enhanced ACS processes into Air Force C2 (the TO-BE). We evaluate C2 nodes from the level of the President and Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) to the units and sources of supply. We also evaluate these nodes across the operational phases, from readiness preparation through planning, deployment, employment, sustainment, and reconstitution."--Provided by publisher
    Note: "Contract no. FA7014-06-C-0001."--Title page verso , "RR-259-AF"--Cover page 4 , "Research report , "Prepared for the United States Air Force, approved for public release; distribution unlimited"--Title page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-58)
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9780833086280 , 0833087134 , 0833086286 , 9780833087133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 83 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report
    Parallel Title: Print version Evaluation of the implementation and perceived utility of the Airman Resilience Training Program
    Keywords: United States Airmen ; United States ; Military education ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Military art and science ; Military education ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Military art and science ; Military education ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; MEDICAL ; Preventive Medicine ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Airmen ; Military art and science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Since 2001, the U.S. military has been functioning at an operational tempo that is historically high for the all-volunteer force in which service members are deploying for extended periods on a repeated basis. Even with the drawdown of troops from Iraq in 2011, some service members are returning from deployment experiencing difficulties handling stress, mental health problems, or deficits caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In response to these challenges, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has implemented numerous programs to support service members and their families in these areas. In 2009, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to develop a comprehensive catalog of existing programs sponsored or funded by DoD to support psychological health and care for TBI, to create tools to support ongoing assessment and evaluation of the DoD portfolio of programs, and to conduct evaluations of a subset of these programs. This report describes RAND's assessment of an Air Force program, Airman Resilience Training (ART), a psychoeducational program designed to improve airmen's reactions to stress during and after deployment and to increase the use of mental health services when needed. ART was initiated in November 2010, replacing a previous program named Landing Gear, which had been in place since April 2008. The RAND study took place from August 2011 through November 2011. This report will be of particular interest to officials within the Air Force who are responsible for the psychological health and well-being of airmen, as well as to others within the military who are developing programs for service members to help them cope with stress while in combat situations and after returning from deployment."--"Abstract" on web page
    Abstract: "Since 2001, the U.S. military has been functioning at an operational tempo that is historically high for the all-volunteer force in which service members are deploying for extended periods on a repeated basis. Even with the drawdown of troops from Iraq in 2011, some service members are returning from deployment experiencing difficulties handling stress, mental health problems, or deficits caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In response to these challenges, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has implemented numerous programs to support service members and their families in these areas. In 2009, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to develop a comprehensive catalog of existing programs sponsored or funded by DoD to support psychological health and care for TBI, to create tools to support ongoing assessment and evaluation of the DoD portfolio of programs, and to conduct evaluations of a subset of these programs. This report describes RAND's assessment of an Air Force program, Airman Resilience Training (ART), a psychoeducational program designed to improve airmen's reactions to stress during and after deployment and to increase the use of mental health services when needed. ART was initiated in November 2010, replacing a previous program named Landing Gear, which had been in place since April 2008. The RAND study took place from August 2011 through November 2011. This report will be of particular interest to officials within the Air Force who are responsible for the psychological health and well-being of airmen, as well as to others within the military who are developing programs for service members to help them cope with stress while in combat situations and after returning from deployment."--"Abstract" on web page
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "National Defense Research Institute , "RR-655-OSD , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-83)
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9780833082619 , 083308996X , 0833082612 , 9780833089960
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 75 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-448-A
    Parallel Title: Print version Crowley, James C., 1945- Changing the Army's weapon training strategies to meet operational requirements more efficiently and effectively
    Keywords: Military education ; Military weapons ; Soldiers Training of ; Military education ; Military weapons ; Soldiers ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; Military weapons ; Soldiers ; Training of ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Military Science - General ; Military education ; Military & Naval Science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The ability of soldiers to engage the enemy effectively is fundamental to the operational success of the U.S. Army. As a result, the Army devotes considerable effort and resources to weapon training. The Army's current challenge is to adapt weapon training strategies to meet complex operational environments and changing unit readiness processes; take full advantage of training technologies; and, in an era of declining defense budgets, make weapon training strategies more efficient. This report documents the findings, conclusions, and implications of a two-year project supporting the Army's efforts to adapt its weapon training strategies and the processes through which they are developed. The potential of emerging technologies to make weapon training strategies more effective and efficient is also examined. The report outlines directions the Army could take to improve its weapon training strategies and the processes for adapting them. It concludes that improving the processes for adapting weapon training to new requirements can make them more effective and efficient, but that improvements should be made in the context of holistically improving the Army's training and leader development programs. In addition, while there are many potential benefits to increasing the use of technologies in weapon training strategies, there are many factors that act to limit the amount of improvement that must be considered before deciding on implementation."--Abstract on RAND home page
    Abstract: "The ability of soldiers to engage the enemy effectively is fundamental to the operational success of the U.S. Army. As a result, the Army devotes considerable effort and resources to weapon training. The Army's current challenge is to adapt weapon training strategies to meet complex operational environments and changing unit readiness processes; take full advantage of training technologies; and, in an era of declining defense budgets, make weapon training strategies more efficient. This report documents the findings, conclusions, and implications of a two-year project supporting the Army's efforts to adapt its weapon training strategies and the processes through which they are developed. The potential of emerging technologies to make weapon training strategies more effective and efficient is also examined. The report outlines directions the Army could take to improve its weapon training strategies and the processes for adapting them. It concludes that improving the processes for adapting weapon training to new requirements can make them more effective and efficient, but that improvements should be made in the context of holistically improving the Army's training and leader development programs. In addition, while there are many potential benefits to increasing the use of technologies in weapon training strategies, there are many factors that act to limit the amount of improvement that must be considered before deciding on implementation."--Abstract on RAND home page
    Note: "Prepared for the United States Army , "RAND Arroyo Center , "Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , "RR-448-A"--Page 4 of cover , "The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Army under Contract, No. W74V8H-06-C-0001"--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-75)
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9780833082589 , 0833082582 , 9780833082572 , 0833082574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 PDF file (xx, 101 pages)))
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series
    Parallel Title: Print version Krull, Heather Health and Economic Outcomes in the Alumni of the Wounded Warrior Project : 2010-2012
    Keywords: Wounded Warrior Project ; Disabled veterans ; Veterans Mental health ; Veterans Health and hygiene ; Veterans Employment ; Disabled veterans Health and hygiene ; Disabled veterans Mental health ; Disabled veterans Economic conditions ; Disabled veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Disabled veterans ; Disabled veterans ; Disabled veterans ; Veterans Health ; Military Personnel ; Disabled Persons rehabilitation ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Rehabilitation economics ; Treatment Outcome ; HEALTH & FITNESS ; Diseases ; General ; MEDICAL ; Clinical Medicine ; MEDICAL ; Diseases ; MEDICAL ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; MEDICAL ; Internal Medicine ; LAW ; Labor & Employment ; Disabled veterans ; Veterans ; Employment ; Veterans ; Health and hygiene ; Veterans ; Mental health ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books ; Statistics
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Chapter One: Introduction and Background; Chapter Two: Survey Methodology; Chapter Three: Analysis and Results; Methodology; Ensure That Wounded Warriors Are Well-Adjusted in Mind and Spirit; Strategic Objective 1a: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Visiting Health Care Professionals to Get Help with Such Issues as Stress, Emotional, Alcohol, Drug, or Family Problems. Strategic Objective 1b: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Talk with Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans as a Resource or Tool to Help Cope with Feelings of Stress or Emotional or Mental Health ConcernsStrategic Objective 1d: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Emotional Problems Interfere with Work or Regular Activities; Strategic Objective 1e: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Military Experiences Were So Frightening, Horrible, or Upsetting That They Have Not Been Able to Escape from Memories or Effects of Them. Strategic Objective 1g: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Can Adapt When Change Occurs or Bounce Back After Illness, Injury, or HardshipDepression Risk Questionnaire; Summary; Ensure That Wounded Warriors Are Well-Adjusted in Body; Strategic Objective 2b: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Physical Health Problems Interfere with Work or Regular Activities; Strategic Objective 2e: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Who Are Overweight or Obese; Summary; Ensure That Wounded Warriors Are Economically Empowered. Strategic Objective 3a: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Complete Associate's Degrees, Bachelor's Degrees, or HigherStrategic Objective 3b: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Complete Business, Technical, or Vocational School (Certificate or Diploma); Strategic Objective 3c: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Are Employed Full Time or Part Time or Self-Employed; Strategic Objective 3e: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Own Homes; Strategic Objective 3f: Reduce Alumni's Total Amount of Outstanding Debt, Excluding Mortgage, That Is Greater Than 20,000; Summary. Chapter Four: Comparisons with Related StudiesWounded Warrior Project Alumnus Characteristics; Strategic Objective 1a: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Visiting Health Care Professionals to Get Help with Such Issues as Stress, Emotional, Alcohol, Drug, or Family Problems; Strategic Objective 1e: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Military Experiences Were So Frightening, Horrible, or Upsetting That They Are Not Able to Escape from Memories or Effects of Them; Patient Health Questionnaire: Major Depressive Disorder. Strategic Objective 2b: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Physical Problems Interfere with Work or Regular Activities
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Chapter One: Introduction and Background; Chapter Two: Survey Methodology; Chapter Three: Analysis and Results; Methodology; Ensure That Wounded Warriors Are Well-Adjusted in Mind and Spirit; Strategic Objective 1a: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Visiting Health Care Professionals to Get Help with Such Issues as Stress, Emotional, Alcohol, Drug, or Family Problems. Strategic Objective 1b: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Talk with Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans as a Resource or Tool to Help Cope with Feelings of Stress or Emotional or Mental Health ConcernsStrategic Objective 1d: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Emotional Problems Interfere with Work or Regular Activities; Strategic Objective 1e: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Military Experiences Were So Frightening, Horrible, or Upsetting That They Have Not Been Able to Escape from Memories or Effects of Them. Strategic Objective 1g: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Can Adapt When Change Occurs or Bounce Back After Illness, Injury, or HardshipDepression Risk Questionnaire; Summary; Ensure That Wounded Warriors Are Well-Adjusted in Body; Strategic Objective 2b: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Physical Health Problems Interfere with Work or Regular Activities; Strategic Objective 2e: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Who Are Overweight or Obese; Summary; Ensure That Wounded Warriors Are Economically Empowered. Strategic Objective 3a: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Complete Associate's Degrees, Bachelor's Degrees, or HigherStrategic Objective 3b: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Complete Business, Technical, or Vocational School (Certificate or Diploma); Strategic Objective 3c: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Are Employed Full Time or Part Time or Self-Employed; Strategic Objective 3e: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Who Own Homes; Strategic Objective 3f: Reduce Alumni's Total Amount of Outstanding Debt, Excluding Mortgage, That Is Greater Than 20,000; Summary. Chapter Four: Comparisons with Related StudiesWounded Warrior Project Alumnus Characteristics; Strategic Objective 1a: Increase the Percentage of Alumni Visiting Health Care Professionals to Get Help with Such Issues as Stress, Emotional, Alcohol, Drug, or Family Problems; Strategic Objective 1e: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Military Experiences Were So Frightening, Horrible, or Upsetting That They Are Not Able to Escape from Memories or Effects of Them; Patient Health Questionnaire: Major Depressive Disorder. Strategic Objective 2b: Decrease the Percentage of Alumni Whose Physical Problems Interfere with Work or Regular Activities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF title page
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9780833085528 , 0833085522
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 97 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report
    Keywords: Problem solving Evaluation ; Written communication Evaluation ; Achievement tests ; Critical thinking Evaluation ; Problem solving ; Written communication ; Achievement tests ; Critical thinking ; Critical thinking ; Evaluation ; Written communication ; Evaluation ; United States ; Achievement tests ; Electronic books
    Note: "Sponsored by the William and Flora Hewlitt Foundation , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9780833090034 , 0833090038 , 9780833081407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxi, 95 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lynch, Kristin F Operational architecture for improving Air Force command and control through enhanced agile combat support planning, execution, monitoring, and control processes
    Keywords: United States Operational readiness ; United States ; Operational art (Military science) ; Command and control systems ; Operational art (Military science) ; Command and control systems ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Command and control systems ; United States ; Operational art (Military science) ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Military & Naval Science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This document presents an architecture that describes a TO-BE vision for integrating enhanced ACS processes into Air Force command and control (C2) as it is defined in Joint Publications. This architecture addresses the near-term--what C2 processes could be in the next 4-5 years using current Air Force assets. It first identifies C2 processes and the echelons of command responsible for executing those processes and then describes how enhanced ACS planning, execution, monitoring, and control processes to provide senior leaders with enterprise ACS capability and constraint information. We use this architecture to identify and describe where shortfalls or major gaps exist between current ACS processes (the AS-IS) and this vision for integrating enahcned ACS processes into Air Force C2 (the TO-BE)
    Abstract: This document presents an architecture that describes a TO-BE vision for integrating enhanced ACS processes into Air Force command and control (C2) as it is defined in Joint Publications. This architecture addresses the near-term--what C2 processes could be in the next 4-5 years using current Air Force assets. It first identifies C2 processes and the echelons of command responsible for executing those processes and then describes how enhanced ACS planning, execution, monitoring, and control processes to provide senior leaders with enterprise ACS capability and constraint information. We use this architecture to identify and describe where shortfalls or major gaps exist between current ACS processes (the AS-IS) and this vision for integrating enahcned ACS processes into Air Force C2 (the TO-BE)
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , "RR-261-AF"--Cover page 4 , "Research report , "Prepared for the United States Air Force ; approved for public release; distribution unlimited , Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-95)
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9780833086235 , 0833086235
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Auerbach, David I. How Will the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Affect Liability Insurance Costs?
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Health insurance Costs ; Liability insurance Costs ; Health insurance ; Liability insurance ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Insurance ; Liability ; Health insurance ; Costs ; Liability insurance ; Costs ; United States ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (United States) ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Insurance ; Risk Assessment & Management ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This report identifies potential mechanisms through which the Affordable Care Act (ACA) might affect liability claim costs and develops rough estimates of the size and direction of expected impacts as of 2016. Overall, effects of the ACA appear likely to be small relative to aggregate auto, workers' compensation, and medical malpractice insurer payouts, but some states and insurance lines may experience cost changes as high as 5 percent or more"--Publisher's description
    Abstract: "This report identifies potential mechanisms through which the Affordable Care Act (ACA) might affect liability claim costs and develops rough estimates of the size and direction of expected impacts as of 2016. Overall, effects of the ACA appear likely to be small relative to aggregate auto, workers' compensation, and medical malpractice insurer payouts, but some states and insurance lines may experience cost changes as high as 5 percent or more"--Publisher's description
    Note: "RAND Institute for Civil Justice , Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 6, 2014)
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9780833086952 , 0833086952 , 9780833086273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 pages)
    Keywords: Military discharge ; Soldiers Education, Non-military ; Military discharge ; Soldiers ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Salaries, etc ; Military discharge ; Soldiers ; Education, Non-military ; United States Armed Forces ; Pay, allowances, etc ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The overriding objective of U.S. military compensation policy is to attract and retain the force necessary to meet the nation's national security objectives. Whether and how military service affects earnings and an individual's likelihood of completing college (one determinant of future earnings) has implications for military policies related to compensation, recruiting, and retention. Estimating the effect of military service is complicated by the fact that veterans are likely to differ from nonveterans in ways that are correlated with subsequent economic outcomes but are not observable to the researcher. This report builds on earlier work to understand how military service affects earnings, especially how these effects differ by the number of years of service and their military occupational specialties while serving. The authors also sought to understand how external factors and policies affect these impacts. To do this, they examined how economic conditions in the civilian labor market when individuals exit active duty affect postservice earnings, and they studied the effect on earnings of an Army recruiting program, Partnership for Youth Success, designed to promote enlistment but with the potential to ease the financial transition from military to civilian life
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-88)
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9780833086990 , 0833086995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 155 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gates, Susan M., 1968- Preparing principals to raise student achievement
    Keywords: School management and organization Case studies ; Educational leadership Case studies ; Education, Urban Case studies ; School principals Case studies Training of ; School management and organization ; Educational leadership ; Education, Urban ; School principals ; United States ; School principals ; Training of ; Educational leadership ; Case studies ; Education, Urban ; School management and organization ; EDUCATION ; Teaching Methods & Materials ; Arts & Humanities ; Electronic book
    Note: "Sponsored by New Leaders , Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-155)
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9780833085559 , 0833085557 , 9780833085580 , 0833085565 , 0833085581 , 9780833085566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 258 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-499-TEDF
    Keywords: Veterans Health and hygiene ; Military social work ; Veterans Care ; Psychological aspects ; Veterans Mental health services ; Veterans Medical care ; Medicine, Military ; Caregivers Services for ; Psychology, Military ; Military nursing ; Veterans ; Military social work ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Medicine, Military ; Caregivers ; Psychology, Military ; Military nursing ; Veterans statistics & numerical data ; Disabled Persons rehabilitation ; Needs Assessment statistics & numerical data ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Caregivers statistics & numerical data ; Veterans ; Mental health services ; HEALTH & FITNESS ; Work-Related Health ; United States ; Caregivers ; Services for ; Medicine, Military ; Military nursing ; Military social work ; Psychology, Military ; Veterans ; Health and hygiene ; Veterans ; Medical care ; HISTORY ; United States ; State & Local ; General ; United States ; Electronic books ; Statistics
    Abstract: "While much has been written about the role of caregiving for the elderly and chronically ill and for children with special needs, little is known about "military caregivers"--The population of those who care for wounded, ill, and injured military personnel and veterans. These caregivers play an essential role in caring for injured or wounded service members and veterans. This enables those for whom they are caring to live better quality lives, and can result in faster and improved rehabilitation and recovery. Yet playing this role can impose a substantial physical, emotional, and financial toll on caregivers. This report summarizes the results of a study designed to describe the magnitude of military caregiving in the United States today, as well as to identify gaps in the array of programs, policies, and initiatives designed to support military caregivers. Improving military caregivers' well-being and ensuring their continued ability to provide care will require multifaceted approaches to reducing the current burdens caregiving may impose, and bolstering their ability to serve as caregivers more effectively. Given the systematic differences among military caregiver groups, it is also important that tailored approaches meet the unique needs and characteristics of post-9/11 caregivers."--Abstract
    Abstract: "While much has been written about the role of caregiving for the elderly and chronically ill and for children with special needs, little is known about "military caregivers"--The population of those who care for wounded, ill, and injured military personnel and veterans. These caregivers play an essential role in caring for injured or wounded service members and veterans. This enables those for whom they are caring to live better quality lives, and can result in faster and improved rehabilitation and recovery. Yet playing this role can impose a substantial physical, emotional, and financial toll on caregivers. This report summarizes the results of a study designed to describe the magnitude of military caregiving in the United States today, as well as to identify gaps in the array of programs, policies, and initiatives designed to support military caregivers. Improving military caregivers' well-being and ensuring their continued ability to provide care will require multifaceted approaches to reducing the current burdens caregiving may impose, and bolstering their ability to serve as caregivers more effectively. Given the systematic differences among military caregiver groups, it is also important that tailored approaches meet the unique needs and characteristics of post-9/11 caregivers."--Abstract
    Abstract: Introduction -- Critical Lifelines : The Role and Contributions of Military Caregivers -- Understanding and Addressing Caregiver Needs : the Risks and Consequences of Caregiving and Programs to Mitigate Them -- Evolving Needs : Sustaining Caregiver and Care Recipient Well-Being Now and in the Future -- Closing Gaps : Conclusions and Recommendations -- Appendices : A. Survey Methods ; B. Survey Analysis ; C. Enumeration of Military Caregivers -D. Environmental Scan Methods -- E. Environmental Scan Organizational Characteristics -- F. Federal and State Policies and Programs to Support Military Caregivers -- G. Programs and Organizations Excluded from the Environmental Scan -- H. Military Support Programs and Organizations Included in the Environmental Scan
    Note: "RR-499-TEDF"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 247-258)
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9780833086402 , 0833086979 , 0833086405 , 9780833086976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 118 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gates, Susan M., 1968- Preparing principals to raise student achievement
    Keywords: Educational leadership Case studies ; School principals Case studies Training of ; Education, Urban Case studies ; School management and organization Case studies ; Educational leadership ; School principals ; Education, Urban ; School management and organization ; United States ; School management and organization ; Case studies ; School principals ; Training of ; Education, Urban ; Theory & Practice of Education ; Education ; EDUCATION ; Teaching Methods & Materials ; Arts & Humanities ; Educational leadership ; Social Sciences ; Electronic books
    Abstract: New Leaders is a nonprofit organization with a mission to ensure high academic achievement for all students by developing outstanding school leaders to serve in urban schools. Its premise is that a combination of preparation and improved working conditions for principals, especially greater autonomy, would lead to improved student outcomes. Its approach involves both preparing principals and partnering with school districts and charter management organizations (CMOs) to improve the conditions in which its highly trained principals work. As part of the partnerships, New Leaders agrees to provide carefully selected and trained principals who can be placed in schools that need principals and to provide coaching and other support after those principals are placed. The districts and CMOs agree to establish working conditions that support, rather than hinder, the principals' efforts to improve student outcomes. This report describes how the New Leaders program was implemented in partner districts, and it provides evidence of the effect that New Leaders has on student achievement
    Abstract: New Leaders is a nonprofit organization with a mission to ensure high academic achievement for all students by developing outstanding school leaders to serve in urban schools. Its premise is that a combination of preparation and improved working conditions for principals, especially greater autonomy, would lead to improved student outcomes. Its approach involves both preparing principals and partnering with school districts and charter management organizations (CMOs) to improve the conditions in which its highly trained principals work. As part of the partnerships, New Leaders agrees to provide carefully selected and trained principals who can be placed in schools that need principals and to provide coaching and other support after those principals are placed. The districts and CMOs agree to establish working conditions that support, rather than hinder, the principals' efforts to improve student outcomes. This report describes how the New Leaders program was implemented in partner districts, and it provides evidence of the effect that New Leaders has on student achievement
    Note: "Sponsored by New Leaders , "RR-507-NL"--Page 4 of cover , "RAND Education , Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-118)
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264206007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; United States
    Abstract: This report contains the revised Phase 1 +Phase 2 reviews for the United States, now including ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264117099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement ; États-Unis 2011
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: Every four years, each of the 24 members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) with the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Development Programme as observers is scrutinised by its peers in the Committee. Five different member countries are peer reviewed each year. The aim is to assess the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of the reviewed country meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations. There are no sanctions if the country fails to take the recommendations on board. The exercise is meant to encourage positive change, support mutual learning and raise the overall effectiveness of aid throughout the donor community.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    ISBN: 9780833078919 , 0833078917 , 9780833078902 , 0833078933 , 0833078909 , 0833078925 , 9780833078926 , 9780833078933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 193 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gompert, David C Sea power and American interests in the western Pacific
    Keywords: Naval strategy ; Sea-power ; Geopolitics ; Sea-power ; Sea-power ; Naval strategy ; Sea-power ; Geopolitics ; Sea-power ; Sea-power ; Sea-power ; Strategic aspects of individual places ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Naval Science - General ; China ; Pacific Area ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Marine & Naval ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Geopolitics ; Naval strategy ; International relations ; China Strategic aspects ; United States Relations ; China Relations ; China ; United States ; China ; Electronic books
    Abstract: China sees American sea power in East Asian waters as threatening to itself, its regional aspirations, and possibly its global access. So it is mounting a challenge with anti-ship missiles, submarines, and a growing fleet of its own. However, the United States will not relinquish its sea power, which it sees as needed to maintain its influence and stability, despite China's growing might, in this vital region. History shows that rivalries between established and rising sea powers tend to end badly, to wit: Britain versus Germany before World War I and the United States versus Japan before World War II. In this case, technology that enables the targeting of surface ships, especially aircraft carriers, favors the challenger, China. The United States can exploit technology more boldly than it has previously to make its sea power less vulnerable by relying more on submarines, drones, and smaller, elusive, widely distributed strike platforms. Yet, such a U.S. strategy could take decades and even then be vulnerable to Chinese cyber-war. Therefore, in parallel with making its sea power more survivable, the United States should propose an alternative to confrontation at sea: East Asian multilateral maritime-security cooperation, with China invited to join. While China might be wary that such a regional arrangement would be designed to contain and constrain it, the alternative of exclusion and isolation could induce China to join
    Abstract: China sees American sea power in East Asian waters as threatening to itself, its regional aspirations, and possibly its global access. So it is mounting a challenge with anti-ship missiles, submarines, and a growing fleet of its own. However, the United States will not relinquish its sea power, which it sees as needed to maintain its influence and stability, despite China's growing might, in this vital region. History shows that rivalries between established and rising sea powers tend to end badly, to wit: Britain versus Germany before World War I and the United States versus Japan before World War II. In this case, technology that enables the targeting of surface ships, especially aircraft carriers, favors the challenger, China. The United States can exploit technology more boldly than it has previously to make its sea power less vulnerable by relying more on submarines, drones, and smaller, elusive, widely distributed strike platforms. Yet, such a U.S. strategy could take decades and even then be vulnerable to Chinese cyber-war. Therefore, in parallel with making its sea power more survivable, the United States should propose an alternative to confrontation at sea: East Asian multilateral maritime-security cooperation, with China invited to join. While China might be wary that such a regional arrangement would be designed to contain and constrain it, the alternative of exclusion and isolation could induce China to join
    Note: "Rand National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references
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