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  • English  (40)
  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1940-1944
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (38)
  • Chicago : University of Chicago Press  (2)
  • Berlin [u.a.] : de Gruyter
  • Employment  (40)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy : Assessing Performance and Policy (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi ; Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: High and persistent unemployment remains a major economic and social problem for many OECD countries. Currently, some 35 million persons are unemployed across the area and many others are so discouraged that they are not even looking for a job. There is also increasing concern about precarious jobs and in-work poverty in some countries. The OECD Jobs Strategy was launched five years ago in response to these problems. And it works: the available empirical evidence shows that its continued and comprehensive implementation leads to durably lower unemployment and higher employment. What lies behind the disparities in levels and trends of unemployment rates across countries? Why have some countries outperformed others in terms of successfully cutting unemployment? Why do some groups in society - the young, older workers, the low-skilled - have difficulty finding and keeping rewarding jobs in many countries? Should the rise in temporary and part-time jobs be welcomed or resisted? This publication reviews these issues in light of countries’ experience in implementing The OECD Jobs Strategy. It puts the spotlight on groups at the margin of the labour market, and looks at the policies required to better integrate them.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173682-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Transition from Education to the Labour Market : Proceedings of the Washington D.C. Conference -- 23-24 February 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173422-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Local Dimension of Welfare-to-Work : An International Survey (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174122-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decentralising Employment Policy: New Trends and Challenges : The Venice Conference (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Why decentralise the public employment service? What are the reasons for the increasing reliance on local management approaches in designing and implementing employment policies? These trends are not merely institutional changes, rather they reflect a change in strategy. To enhance the effectiveness of employment policy, governments attempt to provide greater flexibility in implementation, adapt national policies to local conditions, and stimulate involvement from all stakeholders. The impact of these reforms is widespread. They effect the role of the state, the division of power between government layers, and, most of all, employment itself. This book provides the most comprehensive set of employment practices and experiences currently implemented in 26 countries available to date. A wide range of area-based approaches illustrates the need for flexible and specific answers to adapt to local conditions. To complete the picture, summary chapters outline new trends and common challenges governments face in designing and optimising employment policy decentralisation. It brings together papers from a Conference held in Venice in April 1998. [Decentralising Employment Policy: New Trends and Challenges] is essential reading for policy-makers, practitioners and all local actors involved in employment policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172876-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strategic Business Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les services stratégiques aux entreprises
    RVK:
    QQ 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Unternehmensberatung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Dienstleistung ; Industriebetrieb
    Abstract: Strategic business services, examined in twenty-one OECD country case studies in this book, comprise services in computer software and information processing, research and development and technical testing, marketing, business organisation (management consultancy and labour recruitment) and human resource development. This sector has been growing at around 10% per year, and overall turnover for 1999 is likely to be close to USD 1.5 trillion. These services create jobs in OECD countries, directly employing at least 11 million persons. Business organisation services were the major employer, with 3.6 million people in personnel recruitment services and 1.5 million in management consultancy in the mid-1990s. This sector’s strong performance is driven by the general shift towards services, the rise of the knowledge-based economy, the need for greater flexibility within firms, specialisation and increased division of labour in many areas, outsourcing by established firms, and the trend towards smaller production units and firms.Governments influence the demand for business services by promoting private sector investment in intangibles such as R&D, training and education and business organisation, and by supporting the supply of these services through a range of intermediary agencies. The provision of strategic business services is seen as key to improving the performance and competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms.Countries covered Australia Austria Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Norway New Zealand Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173590-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business Incubation : International Case Studies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde ; Études de cas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde : Études de cas
    RVK:
    QP 200
    RVK:
    QB 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In many countries of the OECD business incubators have become an increasingly popular policy instrument for local economic and employment development. Business incubators aim to assist entrepreneurs with enterprise start-ups. Incubators are also being widely used to pursue related objectives such as the commercialisation of university research, providing infrastructure, upgrading the technological capabilities of local firms, and even affording a safe haven for legitimate entrepreneurship where crime is a constraint on business. As this publication makes clear, there is no unique business incubation model. Rather, there is considerable diversity in the types of business incubator, their modes of operation and the objectives they pursue.Interest in business incubation comes from a variety of sources. Local and regional governments, universities, chambers of commerce, science parks, private real-estate developers and non-profit organisations have all participated in establishing and running incubation programmes. However, this is still a young industry in many countries, and evaluation material is scarce. This publication reviews current experience in business incubation in Australia, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. Indeed, this volume is one of the first to treat the international experience of business incubation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173781-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Tax/Benefit Position of Employees : 1997 1998 Edition = La situation des salariés au regard de l'impôt et des transferts sociaux : 1997 Edition 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072510
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Steuerbelastung
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD Member countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight household types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072510-en-fr
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of Female-dominated Occupations (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir des professions à prédominance féminine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The future of female-dominated occupations
    DDC: 331.4
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Fraueneinkommen ; Büroberufe ; Lehrkräfte ; Pflegeberufe ; Sozialberufe ; Strukturwandel ; Sozialer Wandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Frauenberuf ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Zukunft
    Abstract: In all of the OECD countries, employment is seen to be sharply segregated by gender, with women's employment heavily concentrated in the same occupations: secretaries, primary school teachers, nurses and home helpers. These jobs, whose image has in many cases remained stereotyped and traditional, are at the heart of the information and service economy and have therefore been undergoing far-reaching changes due to information technologies, the development of a knowledge-based economy and population ageing. These transformations represent a major challenge for women's employment and for gender equality in the labour market. Beyond the high segregation and concentration scales which are a constant of women's employment in all countries, international comparisons show that there can be differences in the status of a given occupation from one country to another. These differences can stem from the way in which occupations are defined or from how the relevant activities and work are organised. Understanding these differences is essential to identify ways to promote women's career prospects in female-dominated occupations.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'avenir des professions a prédominance féminine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163690-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Public Employment Service : Greece, Ireland, Portugal (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le service public de l'emploi ; Grèce, Irlande, Portugal
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The public employment service
    DDC: 350
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Arbeitsverwaltung ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Griechenland ; Irland ; Portugal ; Employment ; Governance ; Greece ; Ireland ; Portugal ; Griechenland ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Irland ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Portugal ; Arbeitsverwaltung
    Abstract: Greece, Ireland and Portugal, on the periphery of Europe, are still influenced by a history of migration from agriculture to urban areas and to other countries, and have all received extensive assistance from the European Union's Structural Funds.Which of these countries' varied, often innovative, strategies in relation to unemployment benefits, hiring subsidies and job creation measures, have been most effective? Employment services have taken on particular responsibility for training, but does this help the long-term unemployed? With a legacy of older workers who left school early, and continuing high levels of self-employment, how can placement performance be improved? This publication examines how the Public Employment Service can actively promote and manage transitions out of unemployment into market work, both directly and via labour market programmes.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Le service public de l'emploi
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163768-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathways and Participation in Vocational and Technical Education and Training (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Itinéraires et participation dans l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pathways and participation in vocational and technical education and training
    DDC: 370.11/3
    RVK:
    QV 240
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    RVK:
    DP 5400
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Technische Berufe ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europäische Union ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: The OECD countries have widely differing traditions regarding basic vocational training. This publication, prepared as part of the VOTEC project on "The Changing Role of Vocational and Technical Education and Training", is designed to help towards a better understanding of the internal logic and workings of these different systems. Education and training systems propose differentiated and interconnected pathways, each of which can be broken down into a series of programmes. But what are the factors that explain participation of young people in VOTEC and the way it has developed over time? A number of answers have been formulated and are examined here in the light of ten national reports.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Itinéraires et participation dans l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162273-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Tax/Benefit Position of Employees : 1995/1996 1997 Edition = La situation des salariés au regard de l'impôt et des transferts sociaux : 1995/1996 Edition 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062375
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QL 550
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight households types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062375-en-fr
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Local Management for More Effective Employment Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour des politiques de l'emploi plus efficaces; la gestion locale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Giguère, Sylvain Local management
    DDC: 339.5
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Städtischer Arbeitsmarkt ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: To combat persistent unemployment and growing disparities, employment and training policies need re-organising to become more effective. Governments are endeavouring to achieve this by increasing the involvement of local and regional authorities, social partners, the private sector and the community in policy design and implementation.Co-ordinating the efforts of these stakeholders, all involved at different levels, is a major challenge for governments. Local management of employment and training makes for more flexibility and hence better use of all available resources. This publication looks at the decentralisation of active labour market policies in OECD countries and shows how local employment management can lead to the implementation of more effective policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162723-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Is ageing a threat to our societies' prosperity? How should resources be shared between the working generation and its dependent older citizens? How should pension, health and long-term care best be reformed? How can older people's contribution to society and economic prosperity be enhanced? Within the next decade, the numbers of retired people in OECD countries will start to grow much faster than those of working age. In the absence of major changes to pension systems and to the way people allocate their time between education, work and leisure, it is likely that fiscal and social strains will start to emerge. Some groups may be unfairly burdened through high taxation and others would face unexpected reductions in their material living standards. The appropriate policy response is multi-faceted, covering fiscal, social, labour market, financial market, health and education policies. An important part of the strategy for maintaining prosperity in an ageing society will involve encouraging people to work longer by making it financially more attractive for them to do so. In turn, this could entail reforms to traditional public pension systems and other social policies, as well as fostering the development of alternatives to public systems that give individuals more flexibility in deciding when to retire. Consequently, financial market infrastructures will need to be strengthened to cope with large increases in private pension fund assets. Through this multi-disciplinary study, the OECD points to the need to take action now by implementing a comprehensive and consistent set of policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163133-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technology, Productivity and Job Creation : Best Policy Practices 1998 Edition (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 1998 Edition
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologie, productivité et création d'emplois ; Politiques exemplaires Edition 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologie, productivité et création d'emplois : Politiques exemplaires Edition 1998
    Keywords: Employment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: While the development of new knowledge is becoming increasingly important in the emerging knowledge-based economy, the impact of technology on growth, jobs and welfare is determined largely by the way in which technology is diffused, absorbed and used throughout the economy. For technological progress to bring not only higher productivity but also economic expansion and new jobs it is pivotal with conditions which allow for industrial restructuring, entry and expansion of small firms, growth of new industries, launching of new products, and mechanisms accounting for effective upskilling of the labour force. This report points to a decline in public support for research and development (R&D), mainly affecting basic, long-term research, and examines the levelling-off in private sector R&D along with changes in its direction away from basic, exploratory research towards more market-driven and short-term innovative efforts. It explores how the special characteristics of national innovation systems impact on the mechanisms for innovation and diffusion of technology, and examines the rationale for policy in this area. A key challenge for policy makers is to co-ordinate measures so as to obtain consistent and credible incentives for firms and individuals. Assessing what works and what does not work in policy, the report identifies "best practices" in specific areas: management of the science base; financial support for industrial R&D efforts; technology diffusion policies and initiatives; policies for new technology-based firms; policies for facilitating growth in new demand; and policies for high-performance workplaces and intangible investment. Despite many initiatives, OECD countries have not yet fully adapted to the characteristics and challenges of knowledge-based economies. Technology policies continue to be too piecemeal, paying insufficient attention to linkages within national innovation systems and to broader structural reforms. They focus too much on the small high-tech segment of the economy and too little on fostering innovation and technology diffusion economy-wide. There is also scope for improving the effectiveness of policies, notably through increased use of market-based instruments and better evaluation. Recommendations are put forward of measures to be taken by individual OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163416-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Human Capital Investment : An international Comparison (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain ; Une comparaison internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of knowledge, skills and competencies are essential to their future security and success. Investment in skills and competencies takes place in a variety of settings ranging from early childhood education to informal learning in the workplace, and involves a wide range of actors from individuals to enterprises and governments. This report aims to clarify what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured. It responds to a request by governments represented in the OECD Council "to develop an initial set of indicators of human capital investment based on existing data, analyse areas where significant gaps remain in internationally comparable data, identify the cost of development of data collection for new measures and performance indicators, and report to Ministers in 1998".
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162891-en
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Advances in the economics of aging (1996)
    Chicago : University of Chicago Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780226903200 , 0226903206
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (viii, 354 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: A National Bureau of Economic Research project report
    Parallel Title: Print version Advances in the economics of aging
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Older people Congresses ; Economic conditions ; United States ; Old age Congresses ; Economic aspects ; United States ; Retirement Congresses ; Economic aspects ; United States ; Personnes âgées Congrès ; Conditions économiques ; États-Unis ; Vieillesse Congrès ; Aspect économique ; États-Unis ; Retraite Congrès ; Aspect économique ; États-Unis ; Older people Congresses Economic conditions ; Old age Congresses Economic aspects ; Retirement Congresses Economic aspects ; Older people Congresses Economic conditions ; Retirement Congresses Economic aspects ; Old age Congresses Economic aspects ; Income ; Old Age Assistance ; Population Dynamics ; Residence Characteristics ; Retirement ; Age Factors ; Employment ; Aged ; Health Services ; Housing ; Old age Economic aspects ; United States ; Older people Economic conditions ; United States ; Retirement Economic aspects ; United States ; Economische aspecten ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Gerontology ; FAMILY & RELATIONSHIPS ; Aging ; Old age ; Economic aspects ; Veroudering (demografie) ; Older people ; Economic conditions ; Retirement ; Economic aspects ; Conference papers and proceedings ; Electronic books ; Conference papers and proceedings ; North America ; Americas ; United States ; Electronic books ; Electronic books Conference proceedings ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: L. McFadden, and Reinhold Schnabel -- Do 401(k) plans replace other employer-provided pensions / Leslie E. Papke, Mitchell Petersen, and James M. Poterba -- Is housing wealth a sideshow? / Jonathan S. Skinner -- Elderly health, housing, and mobility / Jonathan S. Feinstein -- Intergenerational transfers, aging, and uncertainty / David N. Weil.
    Abstract: The effect of labor market rigidities on the labor force behavior of older workers/ Michael D. Hurd -- Why are retirement rates so big at age 65? / Robin L. Lumsdaine, James H. Stock, and David A. Wise -- The military pension, compensation, and retirement of U.S. Air Force pilots / John Ausink and David A. Wise -- Health insurance and early retirement : evidence from the availability of continuation coverage / Jonathan Gruber and Brigitte C. Madrian -- Medicare reimbursement and hospital cost growth / Mark B. McClellan -- Living arrangements : health and wealth effects / Axel Börsch-Supan, Daniel.
    Description / Table of Contents: L. McFadden, and Reinhold SchnabelDo 401(k) plans replace other employer-provided pensions / Leslie E. Papke, Mitchell Petersen, and James M. Poterba -- Is housing wealth a sideshow? / Jonathan S. Skinner -- Elderly health, housing, and mobility / Jonathan S. Feinstein -- Intergenerational transfers, aging, and uncertainty / David N. Weil.
    Description / Table of Contents: The effect of labor market rigidities on the labor force behavior of older workers/ Michael D. HurdWhy are retirement rates so big at age 65? / Robin L. Lumsdaine, James H. Stock, and David A. Wise -- The military pension, compensation, and retirement of U.S. Air Force pilots / John Ausink and David A. Wise -- Health insurance and early retirement : evidence from the availability of continuation coverage / Jonathan Gruber and Brigitte C. Madrian -- Medicare reimbursement and hospital cost growth / Mark B. McClellan -- Living arrangements : health and wealth effects / Axel Börsch-Supan, Daniel.
    Note: Based on a conference held at Carefree, Arizona, in May 1993. - Includes bibliographical references and indexes. - Description based on print version record , Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 17
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    Advances in the economics of aging (1996)
    Chicago : University of Chicago Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0226903028 , 0226903206 , 9780226903026 , 9780226903200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 354 p.)
    Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research project report
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    QX 400
    Keywords: Aged ; Employment ; Health Services ; Housing ; Income ; Old Age Assistance ; Population Dynamics ; Residence Characteristics ; Retirement ; Age Factors ; Old age / Economic aspects / United States ; Older people / United States / Economic conditions ; Retirement / Economic aspects / United States ; Personnes âgées / États-Unis / Conditions économiques / Congrès ; Vieillesse / Aspect économique / États-Unis / Congrès ; Retraite / Aspect économique / États-Unis / Congrès ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gerontology ; FAMILY & RELATIONSHIPS / Aging ; Veroudering (demografie) ; Economische aspecten ; Old age / Economic aspects ; Older people / Economic conditions ; Retirement / Economic aspects ; Wirtschaft ; Older people Congresses Economic conditions ; Old age Congresses Economic aspects ; Retirement Congresses Economic aspects ; Altersversorgung ; USA ; USA ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books ; USA ; Altersversorgung
    Note: Based on a conference held at Carefree, Arizona, in May 1993 , Includes bibliographical references and indexes , The effect of labor market rigidities on the labor force behavior of older workers/ Michael D. Hurd -- Why are retirement rates so big at age 65? / Robin L. Lumsdaine, James H. Stock, and David A. Wise -- The military pension, compensation, and retirement of U.S. Air Force pilots / John Ausink and David A. Wise -- Health insurance and early retirement : evidence from the availability of continuation coverage / Jonathan Gruber and Brigitte C. Madrian -- Medicare reimbursement and hospital cost growth / Mark B. McClellan -- Living arrangements : health and wealth effects / Axel Börsch-Supan, Daniel , L. McFadden, and Reinhold Schnabel -- Do 401(k) plans replace other employer-provided pensions / Leslie E. Papke, Mitchell Petersen, and James M. Poterba -- Is housing wealth a sideshow? / Jonathan S. Skinner -- Elderly health, housing, and mobility / Jonathan S. Feinstein -- Intergenerational transfers, aging, and uncertainty / David N. Weil
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    Measuring What People Know : Human Capital Accounting for the Knowledge Economy (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer le capital humain ; Vers une comptabilité du savoir acquis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer le capital humain : Vers une comptabilité du savoir acquis
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: A review of innovative policies in OECD countries shows that progress has already been made in moving beyond the poor information provided by standardised educational certification. Spurred by the emerging "knowledge economy", government policy makers, human resource managers, financial accountants and educators are developing methods for systematically evaluating and recording knowledge assets acquired through experience, education and training. This book explains why it is possible, in terms of economic theory, and feasible, from the perspective of accounting practices, to implement new human capital information and decision-making systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065482-en
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    The Impact of Taxation on Labour Force Participation and Labour Supply (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: This working paper considers how hours of work and labour force participation are likely to respond to tax reforms. As regards hours of work, the analysis looks at married women and lone parents. Married women constitute a group which responds to incentives, as shown by experimental and sample survey studies. Lone parents, an important fraction of the working age population in some countries, often are subject to special tax and income support provisions and have limited sources of alternative income. A second part of the analysis concerns inflows to and outflows from employment, labour force participation and duration of unemployment as they affect men and women in different age groups and with differing family responsibilities. The analysis is based mainly on the well-documented tax reforms in the United Kingdom. The first part of the paper develops the appropriate methodology for analysing labour supply responses to tax changes and the second part attempts to clarify the magnitude ...
    DOI: 10.1787/576638686128
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    Job Gains and Job Losses : Recent Literature and Trends (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 85 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.1
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: This paper reviews recent literature on job gains and job losses. Economies exhibit high rates of gross job reallocation - both high levels of job gains and job losses. For the OECD nations for which data are available, total turnover averaged more than twenty per cent during the 1980s. This is a result of differing behaviour of establishments (firms) in the face of similar general economic conditions. Two streams have developed in the literature in attempting to characterize the influence of structural change on job turnover. The first sees structural turnover as continuous, and emphasizes the importance of establishment openings as the primary means through which more significant changes in an economy occur. An alternative view emphasizes the concentration of job losses stemming from structural change in cyclical downturns. The timing and pace of structural change can have an important influence on labour market policies. The behaviour of the four components of job turnover over ...
    DOI: 10.1787/318400180881
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    Market Imperfections and Employment (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.5
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: This working paper addresses the question whether imperfect competition in product markets contributes substantially to the level and persistence of unemployment in modern industrial economies. In section I, the paper documents the available empirical research of the origin and extent of product market power held by firms due to market imperfections. The implications for employment are then explored through transmission of such power into the labour market through wages (section 2) and output reduction from pricing above marginal cost or wage levels below marginal revenue product (section 3). The role for such product market power in the macroeconomic analysis of unemployment is also explored in section 3, but little evidence of the importance on the macro level is available. The paper thus assesses the extent of product market imperfections and their importance in wage setting. It concludes that product market imperfections are widespread and although large deviations of price ...
    DOI: 10.1787/824728761027
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    The Impact of Industrial Relations Practices on Employment and Unemployment (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.3
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: This working paper deals with the effects of collective bargaining and other forms of collective employee representation (such as works councils) on employment and unemployment. Collective bargaining is concerned with both substantive issues, such as rates of pay or weeks of notice to be given before lay-off, and procedural matters in which management and employee representatives jointly manage important areas of employee relations thereby contributing to workplace co-operation. Whereas many substantive rules can be said to cause lower levels of employment and enterprise efficiency, procedural rules by reducing transaction costs, improve co-operation and thus, indirectly, help jobs. The paper starts by examining some substantive rules and the evidence for their effects on employment in OECD countries. It then looks at some of the compensating flexibilities which are introduced by procedural rules. These may be dependent on substantive rules: for example, employment security may be a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/855620410587
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  • 23
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    The Impact of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Labour Markets : The French Case (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Employment ; France
    Abstract: This paper studies whether the belief is justified that foreign trade and capital outflows have dramatically reduced the number of jobs available to French workers and are leading to a substantial decline in French wages, especially of low-skilled workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/767608658653
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    The Impact of Trade on Labour Markets : An Analysis by Industry (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.6
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: This technical working paper presents the method of analysis used by the Secretariat to shed light on the possible links between foreign trade, employment and relative wages by industrial sector and type of labour. The conclusions drawn from the study indicate, inter alia, that overall the impact of changing trade patterns on labour market conditions appears to be significant but generally small relative to other factors. The most significant relationships between trade competition and relative employment (and wages) are observed in the high-skill industries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/247442101034
    URL: Volltext
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  • 25
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    The Effects of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Employment and Relative Wages (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.4
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: Recent developments in the international economy have given rise to concern about the effects of international trade and foreign direct investment on domestic employment and wages. These concerns include fears that: jobs are being "siphoned out" of many highly industrialised countries by catching up economies; the high share of comparatively low skill-intensive products in the imports from catching up economies may be contributing to the decline of wages of workers in advanced industrialised countries with high school or lower levels of education relative to those who have attended college; and that high rates of foreign direct investment by companies from advanced industrial countries will exacerbate these tendencies. This paper considers the economic evidence that has given rise to these various concerns (Part I); explores the relationships suggested by economic analysis between changes in trade and foreign direct investment and changes in employment and wages (Part II); examines ...
    DOI: 10.1787/888157653682
    URL: Volltext
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    Management Practices and Unemployment (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.2
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: Enterprise management involves finding solutions for many problems in which information is incomplete and for which co-operative relationships with employees are needed if the firm’s objectives are to be realised. To this end, management may develop practices one of whose side-effects is to aggravate unemployment. This paper focuses on four broad themes: the first concerns the management contribution to some of the labour market rigidities highlighted in recent reviews of the literature on unemployment; the second concerns how management practices may affect access to jobs for certain categories of workers, and hence their ability to leave unemployment; the third concerns the potential impact of some of the new management practices currently transforming firms in some major sectors of employment. Since many of these practices are to be found in varying degrees in all countries, the fourth section takes a comparative look at the experience of some different countries to ask whether ...
    DOI: 10.1787/724414031614
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    Reducing Poverty while Increasing Employment : A Primer on Alternative Strategies, and a Blueprint (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: Policy to reduce poverty has often foundered on the issue of work incentives. The issue is a manifestation of the traditional conflict between equity and efficiency; the redistribution of income from higher to lower income people typically leads to reduced incentives for both groups to supply labor to the market, or to exercise initiative. This conflict is also known as the "poverty trap"--with income transfer (welfare) programs in place, those with low earned income have a reduced incentive to seek and accept employment, and as a result appear trapped in poverty. This paper discusses the primary policy strategies for reducing poverty while maintaining work incentives that have been analyzed in the literature. These strategies have been presented in a context in which a structure of income support policies and labor market constraints already exists. Existing policies typically have two characteristics: they are categorical and piecemeal in their coverage, and they contain serious ...
    DOI: 10.1787/281684483135
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  • 28
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    Real Wage Resistance and Unemployment : Multivariate Analysis of Cointegrating Relations in 10 OECD Countries (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Jobs Study Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: Over the past twenty years or so, unemployment has been increasing in most OECD economies. In the same period, there has been a considerable increase in the wedge between the real cost to the employer of hiring a worker and the net real wage received by the worker. The present study examines whether changes in the wedge (including various tax rates) may have generated long-lasting effects on real labour costs. Behaviour which generates this kind of outcome is called "real wage resistance". If there is real wage resistance, a rise in the wedge leads to higher unemployment. If this outcome persists in the long run, the primary problem related to the functioning of the wage setting mechanism is not necessarily the speed of adjustment but rather the equilibrium in which adjustment terminates. The countries examined are the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Australia, Sweden and Finland. The study covers the private business sector and the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/136050768537
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  • 29
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    Projecting the Occupational Structure of Employment in OECD Countries (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.10
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Forecasts of employment by occupation have been made in several OECD countries since the early 1950s. Medium to long-term projections are now made in most OECD countries, and a number of countries publish them regularly. This paper by Gerald Hughes, of the Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, examines how their objectives, methods and uses have changed over the last three decades. It covers technical issues such as the standard method of projection using statistics for employment cross-classified by industry and occupation, the integration of information from other sources such as surveys of employer expectations, the confrontation of employment forecasts with separate models of labour supply, and the competing "rate of return" approach to investment in human capital. It also considers management issues such as the institutional status of the bodies that make forecasts, and methods of disseminating the results to training institutions, career advisers and other users.
    DOI: 10.1787/6d4d071d-en
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    Preventing and Resolving Industrial Conflict : Seminar on Industrial Conflict Settlement in OECD Countries and Central and Eastern European Economies in Transition (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.11
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition ("the Centre"), which was created in March 1990, is the focal point for cooperation between the OECD and Central and Eastern European countries. Its major responsibility is to design and manage a programme of policy advice and technical assistance which puts the expertise of the Secretariat and Member countries at the disposal of countries engaged in economic reform. This advice or assistance can take numerous forms, including conferences, seminars, missions and workshops in order to explore policy questions or review draft legislation; it can also include training for government officials who are called to implement market-oriented policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/2c81cefc-en
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    Breadwinners or Child Rearers : The Dilemma for Lone Mothers (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.12
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Lone-parent families, particularly the large majority headed by the mother, are over-represented among low income families. Employment and the resultant earnings represent a the main path out of economic disadvantage. This paper examines the pattern of labour force attachment of lone mothers in eight OECD countries. The factors which may affect their labour force participation are considered: the work incentives embedded in public transfer programmes and taxation systems, availability of child care, other arrangements which may help or hinder paid work for all mothers, and the characteristics of lone-mother families which may affect work behaviour. An appendix provides details on the public policies and programme structures affecting lone mothers in each of the eight participating countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The report was compiled by Australia on behalf of a panel of experts nominated by the national administrations of the eight countries included.
    DOI: 10.1787/13b520e0-en
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    Employment Policies for People with Disabilities : Report by an Evaluation Panel (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.8
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Occasional Paper contains a report by a panel of experts from fourteen OECD Member countries who compared their policies for the employment of persons with disabilities. It is preceded by a preface by a member of the OECD secretariat covering some of the major issues in this regard.
    DOI: 10.1787/e33fb502-en
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    From Labour Shortage to Labour Shedding : Labour Markets in Central and Eastern Europe (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.9
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: All countries in Central and Eastern Europe are experiencing a switch from labour hoarding to labour shedding with rapidly rising unemployment. Identifying each country's specific labour market problems - in particular, those groups which are most vulnerable to unemployment - will be essential for developing appropriate policies. Based on detailed statistical information being collected by the OECD, this paper provides an overview of labour markets in Central and Eastern Europe, both prior to and since the start of the transition process. Section I of this paper describes the main characteristics of employment and wage structures which have been inherited from the former centrally-planned system in Central and Eastern Europe and also analyses longer-run demographic and labour force trends. Section II discusses more recent labour market developments, including the nature of employment losses, job creation in the private sector and the characteristics of the unemployed. Finally, some specific recommendations are provided on how to improve monitoring systems of labour market developments in these countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/fd3e9373-en
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    The Long-Term Unumployed and Measures to Assist Them (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.7
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Occasional Paper consists of an introduction, by a member of the Secretariat, giving some general reflections on measures to help reduce long term unemployment, and a report by a group of experts from eleven Member countries and representatives of the Commission of the European Communities in which the diverse national experience is reviewed and compared. The report contains an annex in which the different measures are summarised.
    DOI: 10.1787/5479eae3-en
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    Equal Pay for Work of Comparable Worth : The Experience of Industrialised Countries (1991)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.6
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Equal pay is no longer discussed simply in relation to equal work. Equal pay for work of equal value has, in some countries, become a critical objective of policies against discrimination in employment. This report describes the degree to which the concept of work of equal value has been incorporated into equal pay legislation and collective bargaining in thirteen OECD countries. It also emphasizes the problems encountered when implementing this type of policy. and attempts to establish its real and potential impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/f57ecbf7-en
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    Wage Differentials, Entry and the Job Generation Process in Germany (1991)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.5
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: Based on information from the employment records of individual establishments in western Germany (Federal Republic of Germany before the German unification) between 1977-1988, it is possible to shed some light on the characteristics and determinants of the job generation process. Data for this study were drawn from the Employment Statistics register of the Federal Office of Labour (Bundesanstalt flir Arbeit) and cover almost 80 per cent of total employment. The central finding of the paper is that trend employment growth is, to a large extent, accommodated by plant openings rather than by the expansion of already existing units. While new establishments are subject to high failure rates, the growth of survivors almost completely offsets job losses due to plant closures. Furthermore, statistical analyses of entries and exits provide some support for the hypothesis that reduced wage differentials within any sector negatively affect the pace of entry of new establishments. These results could be relevant for the current debate on the determinants of the poor employment performance of Germany in the 1980s. In pai1icular, they raise the possibility that reduced wage differentials, associated with labour market policies and collectivistic wage agreements in the 1980s, played an important role in lowering the job generation potential of western Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/b5b07b92-en
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    Wrongful Termination Litigation in the United States and its Effect on the Employment Relationship (1990)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.3
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Over the last decade, employment law in the United States has ceased to be governed solely by the right to 11 at will 11 termination on either side. As a result of a series of decisions in the civil courts of the various states, employers have become liable for damages - often very heavy - for dismissals which have been held to be unfair. A dismissal may be considered 11 unfair 11 because it violates public policy, because it breaches an implied contract or because it breaches an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The resultant restrictions on the right to fire are reminiscent of employment security laws in Europe.
    DOI: 10.1787/d220b236-en
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    Statistics of Annual Earnings in OECD Countries (1990)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.4
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Existing multi-country earnings statistics generally relate to only a fraction of the economy's industries and occupations, often to manual workers in manufacturing industry. This paper discusses the annual basis of measurement, which has particular advantages when aggregations or comparisons of earnings need to be made across sectors, occupations, or countries that have markedly differing payment systems. Three main types of statistic of annual earnings are identified: estimates of annual earnings of the Average Production Worker (in manufacturing only), made in connection with OECD calculations of tax rates; aggregate wages and salaries per employee, corrected onto a full-time equivalent basis; and statistics based on individual data, which may come from household surveys, employer surveys or tax and social security records. Some comparisons among the available statistics examine to what extent the differing indicators give similar impressions as regards the level and trend of earnings.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f7d9df7-en
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    An Economic Framework for the Evaluation of Child Care Policy (1990)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.1
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The child-care debate is fuelled by various protagonists - early-childhood experts, educators, sociologists, economists - who each tend to consider only one aspect of this multifaceted problem. Consequently, the debate is often confused and inconclusive, particularly when it comes to establishing government policy. To ensure rationality in such public decisions, a general framework is needed to encompass all relevant aspects. This paper proposes a methodological approach to designing such a framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/796428e8-en
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    Health and Pension Reform in Japan (1990)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.2
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: The size, structure and growth of health and pension programmes have, in recent years, been matters of concern to all OECD governments and societies. At issue are not only currently important social and economic questions, but also future difficulties which are likely to arise with the ageing of OECD population structures. Japan has the fastest ageing population structure in the OECD. In 1960 the proportion of the population aged 65 and over in Japan was 5 per cent. In 1985 this proportion was 10 per cent, and in 2000 it is projected to be 15 per cent. The resulting pressures on social programmes are well understood in Japan, and the way in which the Japanese government and people are approaching this issue is of interest to other countries which must soon face similar problems.
    DOI: 10.1787/8d2cb389-en
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