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  • English  (338)
  • 2010-2014  (338)
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  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (338)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (338)
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  • 101
    ISBN: 9789264096097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Value for money in government
    Keywords: Neues Steuerungsmodell ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Verwaltung ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Public administration has entered a new age. In the 1980s, “less” government was the prevailing idea; in the 1990s and early 21st century, “New Public Management” was the dominant theme. Today, public administration is moving in new directions. Reforms are focusing on the quality of services for citizens and businesses and on the efficiency of administration (the “back office” of government). The OECD is studying these new trends in a multi-annual, cross-country project called “Value for Money in Government”. This publication focuses on the Netherlands and provides an overview of previous Dutch reforms and recommendations for further reforms in view of the need to get better value for money from government.
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  • 102
    ISBN: 9789264096790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance in Asia 2011
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Asien ; Governance ; Asien ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: In 2003, the Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance produced recommendations to improve corporate governance in Asia, based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. This report summarises the results of a stocktaking exercise to determine progress made to date and the challenges remaining in the implementation of these recommendations. Included in this book are valuable insights into corporate governance rules and practices of listed companies in Asia, notably: shareholder rights, the protection of non-controlling owners, transparency and disclosure, as well as the role of company boards.
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  • 103
    ISBN: 9789264108271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Aruba ; Taxation ; Aruba ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 104
    ISBN: 9789264074989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Soutenir le renforcement de l'État dans les situations de conflit et de fragilité ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Soutenir le renforcement de l'État dans les situations de conflit et de fragilité : Document d'orientation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Functioning states are essential for reducing poverty, sustaining peace and achieving agreed development goals. Despite receiving growing international attention in recent years, fragile states are falling behind other low-income countries in human development. Fragility – and its negative consequences – can destabilise entire regions and have global repercussions. Tackling the challenges associated with fragility requires a concerted international effort to support sustainable statebuilding processes, based on robust state-society relations. Supporting Statebuilding in Situations of Conflict and Fragility: Policy Guidance presents new thinking on statebuilding and clear recommendations for better practice. It provides an internationally accepted conceptual framework for statebuilding, informed by today’s realities of conflict-affected and fragile situations. Building on good practices already being successfully applied on the ground, this guidance lays out how developing and developed countries can better facilitate positive statebuilding processes and strengthen the foundations upon which capable and legitimate states are built. The recommendations in this guidance address critical areas for better international engagement from strategy development and programme design and delivery to day-to-day operations in the field and at headquarters.
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  • 105
    ISBN: 9789264113756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Czech Republic has done much to improve its VET system through the introduction of a new qualification system and a national standardised exam in apprenticeship programmes, among other initiatives. The Czech VET system is supported by an impressive date base on labour market outcomes of education and training. At the same time, the general skills of apprenticeship graduates are poor and their situation in the labour market is fragile. Students also need better information about career choices, and the provision of workplace training is highly variable. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 106
    ISBN: 9789264113763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. In England and Wales, a substantial commitment, backed by increased resources, has been made to the enhancement of workplace skills. Policy-making is self-evidently dynamic and innovative and governments are making conscious attempts to improve employer engagement – the particular topic of this report. At the same time there are a number of challenges – in particular that of linking enhanced employer engagement to a strong apprenticeship system, and of overcoming the obstacle of a complex and unstable institutional environment. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 107
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.176
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Thirty years ago OECD governments adopted a set of Guidelines governing the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. Faced with twin concerns about threats to privacy from more intensive use of personal data and the risk to the global economy of restrictions on the flow of information, the OECD produced the first internationally agreed statement of the core privacy protection principles. The Guidelines represent an international consensus on personal data protection in the public and private sectors. They have influenced the development of national legislation and model codes within OECD member countries, and beyond. This report begins by recalling the development and influence of the Guidelines. It then describes a number of current trends in the processing of personal data and the privacy risks in this evolving environment. It identifies some of the challenges that today’s environment brings for protecting privacy under existing approaches, and highlights a number of current initiatives and innovative approaches to privacy. Particular attention is focused on the impact of the Internet and other technologies, consistent with the issues and priorities highlighted in the 2008 Seoul Ministerial on the Future of the Internet Economy. The report aims to take a broad view of the current landscape for privacy, with a primary focus on economic activities. It does not describe in detail the myriad of initiatives to implement the Privacy Guidelines in OECD countries and beyond.
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  • 108
    ISBN: 9789264167032
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Fédération de Russie 1995
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Fédération de Russie 1995
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  • 109
    ISBN: 9789264122819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 ; Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 : Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo assay that detects chemicals that may induce gene mutations. In this assay, transgenic rats or mice that contain multiple copies of chromosomally integrated plasmid or phage shuttle vectors are used. The transgenes contain reporter genes for the detection of various types of mutations induced by test substances. A negative control group and a minimum of 3 treatment groups of transgenic animals are treated for 28 consecutive days. Administration is usually followed by a 3-day period of time, prior to sacrifice, during which the agent is not administered and during which unrepaired DNA lesions are fixed into stable mutations. At the end of this 3-day period, the animals are sacrificed, genomic DNA is isolated from the tissue(s) of interest and purified. Mutations that have arisen during treatment are scored by recovering the transgene and analysing the phenotype of the reporter gene in a bacterial host deficient for the reporter gene. Mutant frequency, the reported parameter in these assays,is calculated by dividing the number of plaques/plasmids containing mutations in the transgene by the total number of plaques/plasmids recovered from the same DNA sample.
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  • 110
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Griechenland ; Education ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Finland ; Germany ; Japan ; Poland ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United States ; Griechenland ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: The future of Greece’s well-being will depend on improving educational performance to boost productivity and improve social outcomes. In the current economic context, with the need to get best value for spending, Greece must and can address inefficiencies in its education system. The challenges are significant. For example, Greece lags behind many OECD countries in performance on PISA, including countries with the same or lower levels of expenditure per student as well as countries with the same and lower levels of economic development. Salary costs per student are above the OECD average, mostly because Greek teachers have less teaching time and Greece has smaller classes. A smaller percentage of students who enter tertiary education complete a first degree within the statutory study time than in any other country in Europe. To address the challenges, the Greek government has established a bold agenda and sought advice from a task force on the development and implementation of reform proposals that reflect best practices in OECD countries. This report provides the outcomes of the work of the task force. It presents a roadmap for how the reforms can be successfully implemented, with pointers to relevant experience in other countries. As a contribution to the on-going policy discussions in Greece, it recommends specific short-, medium- and long-term actions that can improve efficiency in the country’s education system.
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  • 111
    ISBN: 9789264122369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 ; Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 : Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an assay that assesses early life-stage effects and potential adverse consequences of putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g. oestrogens, androgens and steroidogenesis inhibitors) on fish sexual development. In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized egg until the completion of sexual differentiation at about 60 days post hatch, to at least three concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water. In each treatment level and control(s) group(s), a minimum of four replicates is recommended. At termination of the test, two core endpoints are measured in each fish: vitellogenin concentration from head and tail or from blood sampling, and proportion of males, females, intersex and undifferentiated fish through gonadal histology. In fish species possessing a genetic sex marker, the genetic sex is identified to determine sex reversal in individual fish. The combination of the two core endocrine endpoints, vitellogenin concentration and phenotypic (and possibly genotypic) sex ratio, enable the test to indicate the mode of action of the test chemical.
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  • 112
    ISBN: 9789264097155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Irland ; Taxation ; Ireland ; Irland ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 113
    ISBN: 9789264092211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.13
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The impact of the financial crisis on the insurance sector and policy responses
    Keywords: Versicherung ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: This special report assesses the impact of the crisis on the insurance sector and reviews policy responses within OECD countries. It is based to a large extent on a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire that was circulated to OECD countries in 2009. The report shows that generallythe insurance sector demonstrated resilience to the crisis, though with some variation across the OECD, and concludes with a number of policy conclusions.
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  • 114
    ISBN: 9789264097254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Norwegen ; Taxation ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 115
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.186
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report explains why digital identity management is fundamental for the further development of the Internet economy. It also provides guidance for digital identity strategies that support innovation across the public and private sectors while enhancing security, privacy and trust online.
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  • 116
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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  • 117
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redoublement et transfert des élèves : Quel impact pour les systèmes d'éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: School systems handle the challenges of diverse student populations in different ways. Some countries have non-selective and comprehensive school systems that seek to provide all students with similar opportunities, leaving it to individual schools and teachers to meet the particular needs of every student. Other countries group students, whether in different schools or in different classes within schools, with the aim of serving students according to their particular academic potential, interests and/or behaviour. Having underperforming students repeat grades or transferring struggling or disruptive students to other schools are two common policies used to group students for this reason...
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  • 118
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance in Slovenia 2011
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Slowenien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: This Review of Corporate Governance in Slovenia describes the corporate governance setting including the structure and ownership concentration of listed companies and the structure and operation of the state-owned sector. The Review then examines the legal and regulatory framework and company practices to assess the degree to which the recommendations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises have been implemented.
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  • 119
    ISBN: 9789264112995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 ; Élèves en ligne ; Technologies numériques et performance (Volume VI)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 : Élèves en ligne : Technologies numériques et performance (Volume VI)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This sixth volume of PISA 2009 results explores students’ use of information technologies to learn. For PISA 2009, the framework for reading literacy has been developed to encompass reading electronic texts. This has led to an expansion of the description of text types to take account of the electronic environment, as well as a redefinition of the aspects of reading, to embrace, for example, the requirement for integration of information from multiple unrelated texts, as well as other features. The PISA 2009 reading framework and the assessment instrument together provide an operational definition and description of the distinctive structures and types of both text and task that constitute electronic reading, allowing an exploration of factors that contribute to difficulty. PISA 2009 therefore provides an opportunity to investigate electronic reading on a large scale. This book presents some initial findings.
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  • 120
    ISBN: 9789264097445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (524 p.)
    Series Statement: ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The criminalisation of bribery in Asia and the Pacific
    Keywords: Korruption ; Kriminalität ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Governance ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Criminalisation is a key component of all international anti-corruption instruments. For example, the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (Anti-Bribery Convention) and the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) both require States Parties to enact specific criminal offences on bribery. The Asian Development Bank (ADB)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative's Action Plan commits countries to ensure ‘the existence of legislation with dissuasive sanctions which effectively and actively combat the offence of bribery of public officials’. However, criminalisation can be a challenging task, as experienced by many countries Party to the Anti-Bribery Convention. This report reviews the criminalisation of bribery offences in Asian countries under the UNCAC. Drawing on the experience of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention's monitoring mechanism, the review focuses on each member's implementation of UNCAC Articles 15, 16 and 26 (domestic and foreign bribery by natural and legal persons). The review also identifies trends and challenges across the Asia-Pacific region.
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  • 121
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance in Israel 2011
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Israel ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Israel ; Israel ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: The Review of Corporate Governance in Israel was prepared as part of the process of Israel’s accession to OECD Membership. The report describes the corporate governance setting including the structure and ownership concentration of listed companies and the structure and operation of the state-owned sector. The Review then examines the legal and regulatory framework and company practices to assess the degree to which the recommendations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises have been implemented.
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  • 122
    ISBN: 9789264110489
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Deutschland ; Taxation ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 123
    ISBN: 9789264111745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smart rules for fair trade
    DDC: 382/.63
    Keywords: 1961-2011 ; Exportkredit ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, we examine the unique work the organisation performs in regulating and rationalising governments’ use of export credits in support of exports, jobs, economic growth and national interests more broadly. This work is part of a global post war effort to emphasise multilateral co operation and sound economic policies to promote co operation, efficiency and prosperity rather than destructive competition, controversy and conflict. OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets. The objective is to eliminate subsidies and unfair practices in the economic competition that forms the foundation of a healthy and dynamic global economy. The elimination of official financing subsidies in global trade is only a part of the broader trade policy agenda, but it is a vital part, and has been delegated to the OECD by the WTO. Since financing is the life blood of trade flows, specialised OECD housed work allows trade to flow efficiently for aircraft and other capital goods while other trade policy work and litigation continue at the WTO. The export credits work at the OECD is described in this collection of essays. However it is about much more than the series of agreements described herein. It is more fundamentally about the governments and their people - policy makers and experts - who gather at the OECD to build collectively a system of export credits disciplines that is fair, transparent, adaptable and effective. It is therefore as much about people and ideas as anything else. The export credit secretariat pictured above represents only the latest in a long line of OECD staff committed to facilitate and advise this work. The OECD’s motto on its 50th anniversary is “Better Policies for Better Lives.” This reminds us that in the end, it is policies that are at the centre of human well being. And export credits work is about promoting these better policies by developing “smart rules” that open markets and maintain a level playing field and by bringing people and governments together to this end.
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  • 124
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.185
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: These terms of reference articulate a shared view among OECD members about key aspects of the current context for privacy protection and provide orientation for further work on the review of the OECD Privacy Guidelines in light of changing technologies, markets and user behaviour and the growing importance of digital identities.
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  • 125
    ISBN: 9789264113725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The government’s commitment to develop and reform the VET system is illustrated by the recent work of the VET Commission and the creation of the National Council for VET. Chilean society places a high value on education and training, with fast-increasing participation in post-compulsory education. At the same time, the various elements of the VET system are weakly connected to each other, the literacy and numeracy skills of 15 year olds in Chile are not as good as they should be, and workplace training, as part of VET programmes, is weakly developed. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 126
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.49
    Keywords: Education ; Poland
    Abstract: Increasing the share of vocational secondary schooling has been a mainstay of development policy for decades, especially in formerly socialist countries. However, the transition to market economies led to significant restructuring of school systems and a decline in the number of vocational students. Exposing more students to a general curriculum could improve academic abilities. To test the hypothesis that delayed vocational streaming improves academic outcomes, this paper analyses Poland’s significant improvement in international achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system, which expanded general schooling. Using propensity-score matching and difference-in-differences estimates, the authors show that delaying vocational education had a positive and significant impact on student performance on the order of one standard deviation.
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  • 127
    ISBN: 9789264113596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Australian VET system has many strengths including strong engagement of employers, a well established national qualification system, extensive VET data and research. The system is flexible and allows for a fair degree of local autonomy and experimentation. But at the same time there are a number of challenges, including a lack of clarity and potentially duplication in the respective roles of Commonwealth, states and territories in planning and delivering VET, a lack of clear and simple rules for entitlement to funding, difficulties in providing a reliable foundation in skills forecasts, some gaps in the data base, somewhat complicated and cumbersome training packages and an ageing teacher and trainer workforce. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 128
    ISBN: 9789264113749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. This special report looks at the system in China. China’s education system has made dramatic advances: almost all children in China now complete lower secondary education. Around three quarters continue into upper secondary schools, with fast increasing numbers in tertiary education. At upper secondary level about half the cohort enter vocational schools – more than 20 million students. At the same time the system faces significant challenges. The government is seeking to make the system accessible to all students – by removing the fees barrier, ensuring minimum quality standards in all vocational schools, and in providing adequate high quality workplace training opportunities. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 129
    ISBN: 9789264114012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. South Carolina offers career and technology education (CATE) programs in high schools and career and technology centers, with relatively good status and linked to expectations of strong general skills. A reform agenda reflected in the ‘Education and Economic Development Act’ includes the development of high quality career guidance. There is also a strong technical college system. Wider challenges include an underlying problem of resources for schools, the need to further develop workplace learning, and the lack of basic skills both among school-leavers and adults. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the CATE system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 130
    Language: English
    Pages: 130 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.47
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: This study provides a comparative analysis of existing centralised purchasing institutions in selected EU Member States in terms of organisation, coverage, objectives and rationale, financing models, types of framework agreements and call-off systems, as well as the information technology used, and it examines success factors, risks and future challenges.
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  • 131
    ISBN: 9789264113985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Swiss VET system is very impressive. Its many strengths include strong employer engagement within a well functioning partnership of Confederation, cantons and professional organisations. School and work-based learning are integrated; the system is well-resourced, flexible and comprehensive, including a strong tertiary VET sector. VET teachers and trainers, examiners and directors are well prepared, quality control is ensured, career guidance is systematic and professional. Evidence is well developed and routinely used to support policy arguments. But at the same time there are a number of challenges. The global recession may reduce the provision of apprenticeship training, the entry of international companies may threaten dual system arrangements, competition between academic and vocational education could be sharpened by demographic changes, and there are some equity concerns. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 132
    ISBN: 9789264128392
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Peru
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Peru, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations and identifies good practices on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies.
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  • 133
    ISBN: 9789264113800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung ; Lernen für die Arbeitswelt Studie über Deutschland 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung : Lernen für die Arbeitswelt Studie über Deutschland 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Germany has a very well developed and widely respected VET system with a strong dual component integrating learning in schools and workplace training. VET policy, design and delivery are strongly supported by social partner engagement and institutionalised VET research capacity. At the same time the German system confronts several challenges: the transition system is costly and suffers from undue fragmentation; more attention could be placed on adequate career guidance and basic skills provision; assessment is dominated by the Chamber exam; and only very few VET graduates take up university studies despite reforms to open access considerably. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 134
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réussite scolaire : Comment les parents peuvent-ils aider leurs enfants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Most parents know, instinctively, that spending more time with their children and being actively involved in their education will give their children a good head-start in life. But as many parents have to juggle competing demands at work and at home, there never seems to be enough time. Often, too, parents are reluctant to offer to help their children with school work because they feel they lack some of the skills that would make a difference to their children’s success in school...
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  • 135
    ISBN: 9789264113978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Sweden has a well-established VET system at upper secondary level, grounded on strong outcomes in basic schooling, with high-status VET tracks and modest rates of dropout. The challenges to the system include relatively high rates of unemployment for young people, an ageing workforce of school-based trainers, and very limited engagement by the social partners. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 136
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.177
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses and compares national strategies for digital identity management in OECD countries. These strategies aim to drive innovation for e-government and for the broader Internet economy while remaining consistent with current national identity practices.
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  • 137
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment certains élèves parviennent-ils à surmonter leur milieu socio-économique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Are socio-economically disadvantaged students condemned to perpetuate an intergenerational cycle of poor academic achievement, poor job prospects and poverty? Not if they attend schools that provide them with more regular classes. Resilient students in the 2006 and 2009 PISA surveys displayed high levels of academic achievement despite the fact that they came from disadvantaged backgrounds. They beat the odds stacked against them to outperform peers from the same socio-economic background and be ranked among the top quarter of students internationally...
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  • 138
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264095298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2009 at a Glance is a companion publication to PISA 2009 Results, the six-volume report on the 2009 survey conducted by the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA assesses the extent to which students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in modern societies. Its triennial assessments of 15-year-olds focus on reading, mathematics and science. PISA 2009 at a Glance provides easily accessible data on the some of the main issues analysed in the full report: What students know and can do: How do students compare in the knowledge and skills they show at school? Which countries are the best performers? Which perform poorly? Overcoming social background: Does a student’s socio-economic background affect his or her performance in school? Learning to learn: Are there some types of reading, and some ways of learning, that are better for students than others? What makes a school successful?: What traits do high-performing schools have in common? Each issue is presented on a two-page spread. The left-hand page explains what the issue means both for students and for participating countries and economies, discusses the main findings and provides readers with a roadmap for finding out more in other OECD publications and databases. The right-hand page contains clearly presented charts and tables, accompanied by dynamic hyperlinks (StatLinks) that direct readers to the corresponding data in Excel™ format. PISA 2009 at a Glance is an ideal introduction to PISA and to the OECD’s rich trove of internationally comparable data on education and learning.
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  • 139
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Amélioration des performances : Et si la réussite venait d'en bas ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Since the PISA 2000 and 2009 surveys both focused on reading, one can track in detail how student reading performance has changed over that period. Among the 26 OECD countries with comparable results in both assessments, Chile, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Korea, Poland, Portugal, and the partner countries Albania, Brazil, Indonesia, Latvia, Liechtenstein and Peru all show overall improvements in reading performance. The fact that such a diverse group of countries succeeded in raising the level of their students’ performance in reading indicates that improvement is possible regardless of a country’s cultural context or where it starts out from. For example, Korea was already among the best-performing countries in 2000 and it improved further by 2009, Poland moved from below the OECD average to above it, and Chile rose from a relatively low performance rank to one that is much closer to that of other OECD countries...
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  • 140
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas fuertes y reformadores exitosos en la educación; Lecciones de PISA para México
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas fuertes y reformadores exitosos en la educación: Lecciones de PISA para México
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: This report presents a summary of the trends in Mexico’s performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and considers them in relation to the PISA target established by the Mexican government. Trends regarding access to education by 15-year-olds and equity as indicated by the impact of socio-economic background on students’ performance are also examined. The report shows that the performance gains that Mexico has achieved since Mexico’s President Calderón established the PISA performance target have been significant and Mexico seems well on track to meet its 2012 target. In addition, the report reviews Mexico’s performance compared to other countries in the OECD, the G20, and to similar economies to also highlight that improvement is still needed. Based on a comparison of performance between Mexican schools, the report also shows that relatively higher performance is not dictated by socio-economic background. The report concludes by drawing together evidence from PISA and an examination of a selection of today’s highest performing education systems in order to provide a long-term perspective for educational improvement in Mexico.
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  • 141
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Autonomie et responsabilisation des établissements d'enseignement : Quel impact sur la performance des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In recent years, many schools have grown into more autonomous organisations and have become more accountable to students, parents and the public at large for their outcomes. PISA results suggest that, when autonomy and accountability are intelligently combined, they tend to be associated with better student performance...
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  • 142
    ISBN: 9789264119598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Undertaken jointly with United Nations Environment Programme, the report analyses policies and issues related to climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector. It provides policy recommendations, with the objective to identify priority areas to be included in a framework for action in the area of climate change and tourism. A review of the state of policy-making on this important issue clearly indicates that greater efforts could be made by countries to understand the likely impacts of climate change on tourism; there is a low awareness of the tourism sector's climate change mitigation and adaptation needs; and that current policy, with few exceptions, is inadequate to the scale of the challenge, both on mitigation and adaptation.
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  • 143
    ISBN: 9789264087057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: At a time when OECD and partner countries are trying to figure out how to reduce burgeoning debt and make the most of shrinking public budgets, spending on education is an obvious target for scrutiny. Education officials, teachers, policy makers, parents and students struggle to determine the merits of shorter or longer school days or school years, how much time should be allotted to various subjects, and the usefulness of after-school lessons and independent study. This report focuses on how students use learning time, both in and out of school. What are the ideal conditions to ensure that students use their learning time efficiently? What can schools do to maximise the learning that occurs during the limited amount of time students spend in class? In what kinds of lessons does learning time reap the most benefits? And how can this be determined? The report draws on data from the 2006 cycle of the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) to describe differences across and within countries in how much time students spend studying different subjects, how much time they spend in different types of learning activities, how they allocate their learning time and how they perform academically.
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  • 144
    ISBN: 9789264130746
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Value for money in government
    Keywords: Regierung ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Denmark
    Abstract: This report presents the results of an assessment of the organisation of the central government of Denmark. The study looks at reforms that are aimed at improving the quality of services (more value) and efficiency (less money) in central government. Starting with facts and quantitative benchmarks on the Danish central government, the study reviews recent reforms in Denmark, and makes recommendations in ten selected areas. The study concludes with a survey of the effects on the quality of services and the potential savings.
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  • 145
    ISBN: 9789264098329
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 2010 peer review of the UK's development assitance programmes and policies. This review assesses extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of the UK meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations.
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  • 146
    ISBN: 9789264098312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (121 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 2010 peer review of Portugal's development assistance programmes and policies. This review assesses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of Portugal meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations.
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  • 147
    ISBN: 9789264115415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This 2011 edition of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises commits 42 countries to new, tougher standards of corporate behaviour. The updated Guidelines include new recommendations on human rights abuse and company responsibility for their supply chains, making them the first inter-governmental agreement in this area. The Guidelines establish that firms should respect human rights in every country in which they operate. Companies should also respect environmental and labour standards, for example, and have appropriate due diligence processes in place to ensure this happens. These include issues such as paying decent wages, combating bribe solicitation and extortion, and the promotion of sustainable consumption. The Guidelines are a comprehensive, non-binding code of conduct that OECD member countries and others have agreed to promote among the business sector. A new, tougher process for complaints and mediation has also been put in place.
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  • 148
    ISBN: 9789264069923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 201; Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 201: Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this test is to determine the effects of a substance on the growth of freshwater microalgae and/or cyanobacteria. Exponentially growing test organisms are exposed to the test substance in batch cultures over a period of normally 72 hours. The system response is the reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures exposed to, at least, five concentrations of a test substance. Three replicates at each test concentration should be used. The response is evaluated as a function of the exposure concentration in comparison with the average growth of control cultures. The cultures are allowed unrestricted exponential growth under nutrient sufficient conditions (two alternative growth media: the OECD and the AAP) and continuous fluorescent illumination. Growth and growth inhibition are quantified from measurements of the algal biomass as a function of time. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes: the determination, at least daily, of the algal biomass; the measure of the pH (at the beginning and at the end); microscopic observation. This Test Guideline describes two response variables: average specific growth rate, and yield.
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  • 149
    ISBN: 9789264089907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE ; Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE : Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication complements Banking Statistics: Financial Statements of Banks 2010 which provides a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in OECD countries. In addition to information on financial statements of banks in OECD countries, it includes data on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff, structural information on the whole financial sector and ratios aiming at facilitating the analysis of bank profitability of OECD countries. The methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
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  • 150
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264168367
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill. , 21x28cm
    DDC: 306.85
    RVK:
    Keywords: Familie ; Zukunftserwartung ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Work-Life-Balance ; Familie ; Work-Life-Balance ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Zukunftserwartung
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  • 151
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264129313
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des assureurs
    DDC: 658.15
    Keywords: Insurance companies ; Insurance State supervision ; Corporate governance
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. OECD guidelines on insurer governancept. 2. Annotations.
    Note: Title from Web page (viewed on Apr. 17, 2012) , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 152
    ISBN: 9789264118775
    Language: English
    Pages: 156 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Financing high-growth firms
    DDC: 658.15224
    Keywords: Venture capital ; Angels (Investors) ; Investments ; Capital investments ; New business enterprises Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 153
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relier la réforme des systèmes de sécurité et la réduction de la violence armée : Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vinculación de la reforma de los sistemas de seguridad a la reducción de la violencia armada : Notas de programación
    Keywords: Violence Prevention ; Security systems
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 154
    ISBN: 9789264094406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establecimiento de un marco para la evaluación e incentivos docentes ; Consideraciones para México
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establecimiento de un marco para la evaluación e incentivos docentes : Consideraciones para México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Establishing a framework for evaluation and teacher incentives
    DDC: 371.161
    Keywords: Bildung ; Bildungsabschluss ; Bildungspolitik ; Lehrkräfte ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: Countries with underperforming education systems are recognising that effective reform is vital. But what types of programmes are likely to be effective, and how can they be implemented given local norms and conditions? This report focuses on evaluation, assessment and teacher incentives and attempts to answer these important questions for Mexico and, by extension, other OECD member and partner countries. A public policy framework for education reform is first presented, followed by specifics on evaluation systems, student assessment instruments, school value-added considerations, and teacher evaluation and incentive plans. Dozens of policy findings and recommendations follow each of the six core chapters, including six key policy dimensions of effective education reform and an 11-step plan for improving teacher evaluation and incentives.
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  • 155
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aide multilatérale 2010
    DDC: 332.1/53
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: More than 200 multilateral donors receive or serve as a channel for 40% of all aid. To help meet the challenge of ensuring effective and co-ordinated multilateral aid efforts, Multilateral Aid 2010 covers trends in and total use (core and non-core) of the multilateral system, with a special focus on trust funds from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the World Bank. It explores development perspectives of the climate change funding architecture and provides an overview of the response of multilaterals to the financial and economic crisis. While the OECD’s annual Development Co-operation Report serves as a key reference for statistics and analysis on the latest trends in international aid, the Multilateral Aid report – as the name implies – takes a specific look at trends in multilateral aid only.
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  • 156
    ISBN: 9789264095199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejores políticas para el desarrollo ; Perspectivas OCDE sobre Chile
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejores políticas para el desarrollo : Perspectivas OCDE sobre Chile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Maintaining momentum
    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Chile ; Economics ; Chile ; Chile ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD
    Abstract: To inform the current policy debate in Chile and present an economic assessment with concrete recommendations and policy options, this report provides a detailed analysis of the overall Chilean economic situation.
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  • 157
    ISBN: 9789264117556
    Language: English
    Pages: 219 p. , ill. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2012 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Israe͏̈l 2011
    Keywords: Israel Environmental conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Sustainable development -- pt. 2. Selected issues.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 158
    ISBN: 9789264121829
    Language: English
    Pages: 172 p. , ill. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2012 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2011: (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Slovakia Environmental conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 159
    ISBN: 9789264107052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The call for innovative and open government
    DDC: 352.8/8
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This report presents an overview of country initiatives concerning efficient, effective public services and open and innovative government. It focuses on four core issues: delivery of public services in times of fiscal consolidation; a more effective and performance-oriented public service; promotion of open and transparent government; and strategies for implementation of a reform agenda. These issues were discussed at the OECD Public Governance Ministerial Meeting held in Venice, Italy, in November 2010, hosted by the Italian Ministry for Public Administration and Innovation.
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  • 160
    ISBN: 9789264104815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Attractiveness for innovation
    Keywords: Innovation ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Standortfaktor ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Innovation ; Direktinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen
    Abstract: Attractiveness for investment in innovation is high on the policy agenda in many countries as innovation is a key factor of growth and competitiveness in OECD countries. Virtually all governments are keen to attract international investment by multinational enterprises (MNEs) as a means to promote growth and employment, create new jobs and bring in new technologies. While all countries and regions have some policy measures in place that are aimed at increasing their attractiveness for innovation, it is less clear if these policies are effective. This report analyses the current trends in international investment in innovation and the attractiveness policies already implemented. These are often based on the more traditional instruments for attracting international investment. The book also explores in more detail the role of investment incentives that governments tend to give to international investors: their rationale, their impact and their usefulness. The evidence presented in this report raises clear policy issues and questions existing policies. A number of policy principles are formulated to guide policy makers.
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  • 161
    ISBN: 9789264100817
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benefits of investing in water and sanitation
    DDC: 628.1
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Kanalisation ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Abwasserbeseitigung
    Abstract: The provision of water supply, sanitation and wastewater services generates substantial benefits for public health, the economy and the environment. Benefit-to-cost ratios can be as high as 7 to 1 for basic water and sanitation services in developing countries. Wastewater treatment interventions, for example, generate significant benefits for public health, the environment and for certain economic sectors such as fisheries, tourism and property markets. The full magnitude of the benefits of water services is seldom considered for a number of reasons, including the difficulty in quantifying important non-economic benefits such as non-use values, dignity, social status, cleanliness and overall well-being. Also, information about the benefits of water services is usually hidden in the technical literature, where it remains invisible to key decision-makers in ministries. This report draws together and summarises existing information on the benefits of water and sanitation.
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  • 162
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The OECD Secretariat, at the invitation of the AHELO Group of National Experts, contracted the Tuning Association to undertake initial development work on learning outcomes to be used for valid and reliable assessments of students from diverse institutions and countries. The two disciplines selected for the AEHLO Feasibility Study are engineering and economics. Following the Tuning approach, academics from various regions and countries in the world reached consensus on definitions of expected learning outcomes for bachelor’s-type programmes in both disciplines. This Working Paper presents the outcomes of their work for the economics discipline. This report intends to identify a set of learning outcomes and spur on a collective reflection on learning outcomes for economics at the transnational level. In addition to the agreed upon learning outcomes, the paper presents an overview of the field of economics, the typical degrees and occupations in economics associated to the first and second cycle degrees. The paper also discusses the role of learning outcomes and presents the approach used to defining them. A summary of some of the prior work on the learning outcomes approaches in the economics field is also provided.
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  • 163
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'accès à l'enseignement préprimaire permet-il d'améliorer les résultats scolaires ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: It’s elementary: students benefit from pre-primary education. The OECD’s PISA 2009 results show that in practically all OECD countries 15-year-old students who had attended some pre-primary school outperformed students who had not. In fact, the difference between students who had attended for more than one year and those who had not attended at all averaged 54 score points in the PISA reading assessment – or more than one year of formal schooling (39 score points). While most students who had attended pre-primary education had come from advantaged backgrounds, the performance gap remains even when comparing students from similar backgrounds. After accounting for socio-economic background, students who had attended pre-primary school scored an average of 33 points higher than those who had not...
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  • 164
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.107
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  • 165
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Sovereign Borrowing and Public Debt Management no.2
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  • 166
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers no.2011/01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2011/01
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: London 2012 is set to be one the most ambitious Olympic Games ever to have taken place. Already a successful global city London has set itself a unique challenge – not simply to deliver a successful Olympic Games but to regenerate its most socio-economically challenged area of the city. The boroughs which will host 2012 are amongst the most deprived areas in the United Kingdom. The aim from the preparation of the bid was to address this long term challenge. Everyone involved in the delivery of 2012 and the economic development of London is under no illusion that simply by hosting the Olympics a century of deprivation will be eradicated. But accelerating 30-50 years of regeneration and infrastructure investment can create new economic opportunity.
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  • 167
    ISBN: 9789264117082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: This review assesses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of Denmark in 2011 meet the standards set by the DAC.The review provides constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations.
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  • 168
    ISBN: 9789264112520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; New Zealand
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 2010 peer review of New Zealand's development assistance programmes and policies. This review assesses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of New Zealand meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations.
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  • 169
    ISBN: 9789264113138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Russian Federation offers a comprehensive assessement of the innovation system of the Russian Federation, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies. It also identifies good practice from which other countries can learn.
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  • 170
    ISBN: 9789264096509
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Teilchenbeschleuniger ; Bestrahlungsanlage ; Abschirmung ; Strahlenschutz
    Abstract: Particle accelerators have evolved over the last decades from simple devices to powerful machines, and are having an increasingly important impact on research, technology and daily life. Today they cover a wide range of applications including material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged while the number of accelerator facilities in operation, being commissioned, designed or planned has significantly grown. Their parameters (such as the beam energy, beam currents and intensities, and target composition) vary widely, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways to protect operators, the public and the environment. As the design and use of these facilities evolve, so must the analytical methods used in the safety analyses. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiation targets. They also evaluate progress on the development of modelling methods used to assess the effectiveness of such shielding as part of safety analyses.
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  • 171
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264113565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Space applications have become an important part of everyday life. Weather forecasting, air traffic control, global communications and broadcasting, disaster management -- these and many other key activities would be almost unthinkable today without satellite technology. The space industry itself is relatively small compared to other manufacturing sectors, but its technological dynamism and strategic significance mean that it plays an ever more critical role in modern society. This book assembles information on the space economy from a wide range of official and non-official sources. Together these paint a richly detailed picture of the space industry, its downstream services activities, and its wider economic and social impacts. Who are the main space-faring nations? How large are revenues and how much employment is there in the sector? How much R&D goes on, and where? What is the value of spin-offs from space spending? Answers to these and other questions are provided in this second OECD statistical overview of the emerging space economy. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for graphs, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
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  • 172
    ISBN: 9789264097261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p.)
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Keywords: Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: Now more than ever, administrative simplification is a priority in countries seeking to improve public governance and regulatory quality in order to boost competition and growth. To date, Poland has adopted a complex administrative simplification programme, based on methods successfully used in other OECD countries. It has two main streams: one focused on simplifying licences and permits, the other on measuring and reducing regulatory burdens. This report reviews the programme with the aim of helping Poland to make it and its implementation more efficient. The report shows that although many important elements of regulatory policy are now formally in place in Poland, in practice, there is still an implementation gap. The OECD recommends that Poland re-launches its programme by: · Setting new, realistic targets and timelines · Developing action plans for individual ministries · Creating efficient co-ordination structures and reporting mechanisms · Improving continuous stakeholders involvement Poland should also strengthen its regulatory impact assessment system by improving quality control, strengthening capacities, and possibilities for public control. Consultations throughout the whole process of making legislation should also be improved.
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  • 173
    ISBN: 9789264099104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La naturalisation; un passeport pour une meilleure intégration des immigrés ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La naturalisation: un passeport pour une meilleure intégration des immigrés ?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This conference proceedings provides the papers presented at the OECD/European Commission joint seminar on Naturalisation and the Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants and their Children held in October 2010 in Brussels. It takes stock of the current knowledge regarding the links between host-country nationality and socio-economic integration of immigrants and their children, building on novel evidence on this issue. It also discusses the role of naturalisation as a tool in the overall framework for immigration and integration policy, with the aim of identifying good practices.
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  • 174
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 7-105
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 7-105
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated private remedies in June 2006. The roundtable focused on class actions/collective actions and the interface between private enforcement and public enforcement: • Class Actions/Collective Actions: There is a strong case for the use fo class actions/collective actions to raise levels of deterrence and achieve greater compliance with competition laws, as theses actions may be the only practical way to ensure that customers with small claims also have their day in court. • Interface between Public and Private Enforcement: There is a widely shared concern that private litigation in competition cases can interfere with leniency programs in cartel cases. There is a trade-off between enabling the victims of a cartel to recover damages and incentives for cartel members to come forward, and no-one really knows with certainty how much protection from private litigation and damage awards is necessary so as not to deter leniency applicants. The prevailing view is that the integrity of leniency programs should be protected by a range of measures that limit a leniency applicant’s exposure to civil damages, but some delegates felt that the current trend provided unnecessary protection to leniency applicants to the detriment of private plaintiffs.
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  • 175
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 153-222
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 153-222
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This report* was the basis of a two hour and a half peer review in the OECD Global Forum on Competition (GFC) on 21 February 2008. It assesses the development and application of competition law and policy in Ukraine, focusing on activities over the previous five years (2003-07). The report concludes that Ukraine has a comprehensive and well-designed competition law and, in the AMC, an effectively managed and well-regarded agency to enforce it. The report also identifies an array of problems confronting Ukraine in the competition law arena, and makes various remedial proposals, including recommendations dealing with the AMC’s budget allocation, autonomy, investigative tools, transparency, enforcement priorities, and relationships with other law enforcement agencies. Additional recommendations in the report focus on the competition law’s merger notification requirements and procedures, state aid legislation, penalties for unlawful conduct and penalty collection procedures, competition advocacy, harmonization with the European Union’s competition laws, and the elimination of conflicting provisions in Ukraine’s Commercial Code.
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  • 176
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 145 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Each country note has the following structure: Section 1 gives a brief overview of the main economic developments in recent years in the relevant country including real GDP, fiscal balance and gross debt figures. This presentation is mainly based on the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a), and uses OECD definitions of general government balance and gross debt which may differ from national definitions (see Box 2.1). Section 2 presents the government’s fiscal consolidation strategies as manifested in fiscal balance and gross debt targets over the medium term, the size of the consolidation, and the composition of expenditures and revenues. Section 2 is based on information from the national authorities (or publicly available information) which may use other definitions of fiscal balance and gross debt than the OECD in Section 1. For example, most EU countries have reported such figures on a Maastricht basis. Major consolidation measures are given in Section 3, quantified to the largest extent possible in local currencies and current prices annually. Expenditure measures are split between operational and programme measures and other initiatives. Revenue measures are listed without categories. Updates and additional consolidation measures may have been adopted in member countries after the data collection ended in November/December 2010, but are outside the scope of this analysis. Table 1 summarises the government’s specific consolidation measures and their impact. The impact is given in per cent of nominal GDP, calculated by the OECD Secretariat by using nominal forecasts of GDP from the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a). Eventual pension reforms are also included in this section. Section 4 provides recent or planned institutional reforms. Table 2 summarises the government’s fiscal consolidation plan as presented in Section 2 and corresponding figures.
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  • 177
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 7-99
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 93 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 7-99
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition and efficient usage of payment cards in June 2006. In recent years, debit and credit cards have become increasingly common as retail payment mechanisms and have increasingly displaced checks and cash. The roundtable discussed potential market power and pricesetting abuses related to payment cards, reviewed the regulatory (or self-regulatory) mechanisms that sometimes govern the operation of card networks and considered methods for increasing the role of competitive forces among payment cards. A market failure exists because costs for different payment mechanisms are rarely reflected in consumer prices. Consideration should be given to permitting merchants to form payment ventures, as this would promote system competition between owners with different incentives, and to promoting entry by potential new technologies that would not involve existing payment networks. Many other policy options are discussed.
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  • 178
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 27-44
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le cadre réglementaire et institutionnel japonais dans le contexte de l'accident de Fukushima
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 27-44
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: On 11 March 2011, Japan endured one of the worst natural disasters in its history when a massive earthquake hit the Pacific coast of the country, followed by a tsunami, which led to a terrible loss of lives. It also led to serious accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power units which the Japanese authorities classified at level 7 on the International Nuclear
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  • 179
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    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 75-88
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 75-88
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: CANADACriminal Court decision respecting attempted export of nuclear-related dual use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen vs Yadegari (2010) CZECH REPUBLIC Supreme Administrative Court on the legal status of ÈEZ (2010) National Legislative and Regulatory Activities BULGARIA Amendment to the Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy (2010) FRANCE Law on the new organisation of the electricity market (2010) GERMANY Amendment to the Atomic Energy Act extending the operating lifetime of nuclear power plants (2010) Amendment to the Reliability Assessment Ordinance (2010)Amendment to the Ordinance on Persons Responsible for Nuclear Safety and on Reportable Events (2010) Amendment to the Environmental Impact Assessment Act (2010) GREECE Decree transposing European Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom (2010) INDIA Civil Nuclear Liability Act (2010) ROMANIA Amendment to Article 35 of Law 111/1996 regarding new tasks of CNCAN (2010)Order approving norms regarding the radiological monitoring or recyclable metal materials (2010) SERBIA Establishment of the Agency for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (2009) SLOVENIA Rules on operational safety of radiation and nuclear facilities (2009) Rules on radiation and nuclear safety factors (2009) Act on Liability for Nuclear Damage (2010) SWEDEN Abolishment of the Act on phasing out of nuclear energy (2010) Act on Liability and Compensation for Nuclear Damage (2010) UNITED STATES Final rule on the independent storage of spent nuclear fuel (2010) Status of the high-level waste repository programme (2010) Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability and Divestment Act (2010) Final rule on the export and import of nuclear equipment and material (2010)
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  • 180
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 93-106
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 93-106
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article provides a list of bilateral and multilateral nuclear aAgreements in force.
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  • 181
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 93-102
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 93-102
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; Ireland ; Romania ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Belgium – Amendment of the Act on classification and security clearances, certifications and security notifications Czech Republic – Resolution of the government of the Czech Republic on the time schedule of preparatory works for enlarging the nuclear power plant Temelín Finland – Temporary Amendment to the Nuclear Liability Act Ireland – Merchant Shipping Act Romania – Emergency Ordinance on the identification, designation and protection of critical infrastructures Emergency Ordinance on the control regime of dual-use items Amendment to the Act on the safe conduct of nuclear activities Nuclear safety norms on design and construction of nuclear power plants and nuclear safety norms on siting of nuclear power plants United Kingdom – Establishment of the Office for Nuclear Regulation United States – Waste Confidence Decision and Rule Update Response to recent events in Japan
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  • 182
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 107-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 107-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: Plea agreements or negotiated settlements can be an efficient way to formally dispose of cartel cases.They can provide substantial benefits to competition authorities by allowing them to allocate their resources more efficiently and to increase enforcement activities, thus achieving greater deterrence. Plea agreements have substantial benefits for defendants as well.
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  • 183
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 167-205
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 167-205
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Inter-American Development Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development co-operate in competition law and policy to promote increased economic growth, employment and economic efficiency and a higher average standard of living in the medium to long term. There is increasing consensus that sound competition law and policy are essential to achieving these goals. “Peer review” is a core element of OECD work. The mechanisms of peer review vary, but it is founded upon the willingness of all OECD countries and their partners to submit their laws and policies to substantive questioning by other members. This process provides valuable insights to the reviewed country and promotes transparency and mutual understanding for the benefit of all. The benefits of this process are particularly clear in the area of competition law and policy. As a result of the activities of the Competition Committee, OECD countries that once had real conflicts on competition issues have become partners in seeking to halt harmful international anticompetitive practices. The Committee has also become an important forum for assessing and demonstrating the usefulness of applying competition policy principles to economic and other regulatory systems. IDB/OECD co-operation in competition law and policy centers on annual meetings of the Latin American Competition Forum. LACF meetings include substantive roundtable discussions and peer reviews of national laws and institutions. The peer reviews have examined Brazil, Chile, Peru and now Argentina. The IDB is pleased to participate and finance this work, as part of its efforts to promote a better business climate for investment in the counties of Latin America and the Caribbean. We want to thank the Government of Argentina for volunteering to be peer reviewed at the fourth LACF meeting, held in San Salvador, El Salvador, on 11-12 July, 2006. It was encouraging to hear Argentina’s Delegation confirm at the meeting that the report’s recommendations were helpful and to hear from Delegates of other countries that this review has improved their understanding of Argentina’s competition law and policy. Finally, we want to thank Mr. John Clark, the author of the report, and the many competition officials whose written and oral contributions to the Forum have been so important to its success.
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  • 184
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 101-165
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 101-165
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Competition Committee debated retail banking in October 2006. Competition can improve the functioning of the retail banking sector without harming prudential regulation. The efficient functioning of the sector is important for economic performance. The sector is considered special primarily because of externalities related to potential “contagion” effects stemming from (i) the withdrawal-upondemand characteristic of some bank deposits and (ii) the role banks play in the payment system, and (iii) the fact that banks are important for the funding of consumers and SMEs. Customer mobility and choice is essential to simulate retail-banking competition. An important observation is that the degree of customer mobility is low and the longevity of customer-bank relationships is long. Financial information sharing platforms should therefore be promoted and, where limited by privacy laws, privacy laws should be modified in a way that maintains the goal of protecting privacy while also allowing consumers to receive the benefits of credit ratings.
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  • 185
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    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 87-91
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 87-91
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; United States
    Abstract: France – Decision of the Administrative Court in Strasbourg on the permanent shutdown of the Fessenheim nuclear power plant (2011) United States – Judgment of a US Court of Appeals on public access to sensitive security information and consideration of the environmental impacts of terrorist attacks on nuclear facilities (2011)
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  • 186
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 67-73
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 67-73
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Canada – Criminal Court decision respecting attempted export of nuclear-related dual use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen vs Yadegari (2010) Czech Republic – Supreme Administrative Court on the legal status of CEZ (2010)
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  • 187
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This chapter discusses OECD member countries’ consolidation plans as of November/December 2010. The time frame for the plans ranges from 2009 to 2015. The chapter analyses current fiscal positions and announced fiscal strategies, consolidation plans, and the expenditure and revenue measures for 30 OECD member countries.
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  • 188
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 89-91
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 89-91
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article describes nuclear regulatory activities of the IAEA in 2010.
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  • 189
    ISBN: 9789264091610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Keywords: Development ; Sierra Leone
    Abstract: This report reviews the implementation in Sierra Leone of the Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations two years after they were endorsed by ministers of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, and identifies priority areas to improve the collective impact of international engagement. The Sierra Leone Country Report reflects the findings from a national consultation among stakeholders representing both national and international institutions, complemented by interviews and data collection.
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  • 190
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.756
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  • 191
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 S.
    Additional Material: graph. Darst., Tab., Lit.Hinw.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2010, 01
    Series Statement: Industry and innovation
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Kommunikationstechnik ; Bedeutung ; Rolle ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Klimaänderung ; Umwelt ; Ökologie ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Umwelttechnik ; Produktion ; Branche ; Erwärmung ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a key enabler of “green growth” in all sectors of the economy. They are a key part of government strategies for a sustainable economic recovery. This report looks at how ICTs can improve their own environmental performance, and how they can be used to improve environmental performance throughout the economy and society. Direct environmental impacts of ICTs are considerable in areas such as energy use, materials throughput and end-of-life treatment. Government “green ICT” policies can be instrumental in promoting life-cycle approaches for improved R&D and design of ICT goods, services and systems. Innovative ICT applications enable sustainable production and consumption across the entire economy. The potential for improving environmental performance targets specific products, but also entire systems and industry sectors, e.g. construction, transport, energy.
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  • 192
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.169
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The wireless broadband methodology is the result of several rounds of contributions from, and indepth discussions among, member countries. The new indicator will assist in informing policy makers and other stakeholders in this increasingly important market segment. The OECD began collecting and reporting broadband data in 2000 as a way to capture and record significant changes in OECD markets for Internet access. The OECD set the minimum threshold for broadband at a download speed of 256 kbit/s at the time, primarily to exclude ISDN technologies at 144 kbit/s and to include the majority of commercial offers then available via other technologies.
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  • 193
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.173
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Regulatory authorities in most OECD countries have traditionally adopted a national geographic area focus when framing the geographic scope of telecommunications markets. Arguments stemming from market analysis economics suggest that differential regulation be considered between geographic areas where facility-based competition has developed and where it has not. The aim of this paper is to appraise the case for, and developments in, the use of sub-national geographically segmented regulation for fixed telecommunications networks.
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  • 194
    ISBN: 9789264084070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: By international standards, Norway has an inclusive education system. However, immigrant students, on average, have weaker education outcomes than their native peers at all levels of education. Norway is undertaking universal and targeted measures to improve the situation of immigrant students. There is scope to improve access to quality early childhood education and care, especially for immigrant children; enhance capacities of teachers and school leaders to be more responsive to the growing linguistic and cultural diversity of students; mainstream language support into curriculum, teacher education and research; provide more support in vocational education programmes such as technical language acquisition and career guidance; compensate for the gaps in learning environments at home through extending school hours, assisting with homework, providing mentors from immigrant backgrounds and supporting migrant parents; manage regional variations by strengthening accountability of schools and promoting knowledge sharing; and monitor progress and use formative evaluation at all levels.
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  • 195
    ISBN: 9789264090910
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 233 ; Essai de toxicité sur le cycle de vie des chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé ou eau chargée-sédiment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 233 : Essai de toxicité sur le cycle de vie des chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé ou eau chargée-sédiment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the life-cycle of the sediment-dwelling freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test substance is spiked into the water or alternatively the sediment, and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence, time to emergence, and sex ratio of the fully emerged and alive midges are assessed. Emerged adults are transferred to breeding cages, to facilitate swarming, mating and oviposition. The number of egg ropes produced and their fertility are assessed. From these egg ropes, first instar larvae of the 2nd generation are obtained. These larvae are placed into freshly prepared test beakers (spiking procedure as for the 1st generation) to determine the viability of the 2nd generation through an assessment of their emergence, time to emergence and the sex ratio of the fully emerged and alive midges. All data are analysed either by a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause X% reduction in the relevant endpoint, or by using hypothesis testing to determine a No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC).
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  • 196
    ISBN: 9789264085930
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire les coûts de gestion des produits chimiques ; Comment l'OCDE aide les gouvernements et l'industrie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire les coûts de gestion des produits chimiques : Comment l'OCDE aide les gouvernements et l'industrie
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The chemicals industry - including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food and feed additives and cosmetics - is one of the world’s largest industrial sectors. Many chemical products are traded internationally. Varying national requirements can mean duplication of efforts and significant costs for the chemicals industry, as well as posing barriers to trade. By agreeing on test methods and data quality and sharing the workload of chemical safety testing and assessments, countries together achieve environmentally sustainable and cost-effective results. For non-clinical health and safety testing, for example, the results of such studies carried out on a chemical product in one OECD country must be accepted by the others as long as it was carried out in accordance with the OECD Test Guidelines and Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. This saves the chemicals industry the expense of duplicative testing for products that are marketed in more than one country. This report analyses the rigorous and comprehensive system for assessing and managing chemicals that helps governments and industry save about EUR 150 million each year, through “work sharing” facilitated by the OECD.
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  • 197
    ISBN: 9789264091993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Partnership for Democratic Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide sur l'externalisation des services et fonctions de l'État dans les situations post-conflit et de fragilité
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: The contracting out of government functions and services to external providers is an established practice in many developed and developing countries. On the one hand, it can offer essential support to states that have to deliver basic services urgently; on the other, it risks bypassing governments and undermining their long-term recovery. The OECD’s Partnership for Democratic Governance was formed in 2007 to gather evidence on this issue. This handbook does not take a view for or against contracting out; nor is it a technical manual. The handbook is for field practitioners and government policy makers in countries that are either emerging from conflict or are otherwise considered to be fragile. Its aim is to help them make more informed choices about the types of contracting that are best suited to their country. It is a tool to assess whether contracting out might be a possible way forward – either temporarily or over a longer period of time – for delivering a core service (such as basic education, healthcare, water and sanitation) or a government function (such as managing public finances and human resources). The handbook illustrates these points with the aid of case studies ranging from Afghanistan to Haiti and Liberia.
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  • 198
    ISBN: 9789264077485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût élevé des faibles performances éducatives ; Impact économique à long terme d'une amélioration des résultats au PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût élevé des faibles performances éducatives : Impact économique à long terme d'une amélioration des résultats au PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report uses recent economic modelling to relate cognitive skills – as measured by PISA and other international instruments – to economic growth, demonstrating that relatively small improvements to labour force skills can largely impact the future well-being of a nation. The report also shows that it is the quality of learning outcomes, not the length of schooling, which makes the difference. A modest goal of all OECD countries boosting their average PISA scores by 25 points over the next 20 years would increase OECD gross domestic product by USD 115 trillion over the lifetime of the generation born in 2010. More aggressive goals could result in gains in the order of USD 260 trillion.
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  • 199
    ISBN: 9789264082151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales; Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales: Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Québec ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's review of rural policy in Quebec. It finds that in rural Québec, both population and personal income are growing, on average, and the province’s economic base continues to diversify. Land occupancy is more homogenous than in the rest of Canada, due to the presence of denser networks of small and medium-sized communities. However, mirroring the situation at the national level, the province displays large regional disparities. The sustainability of some rural communities, especially if remote and resource-based, is challenged by demographic and economic decline. In this context, Québec has developed one of the most advanced rural policy approaches in the OECD, closely in line with the framework suggested in the OECD’s New Rural Paradigm. The province’s rural policy does not have a sectoral focus, and aims at community empowerment and land occupancy. To maximize returns on its rural policy investments, Québec needs to integrate social development more strongly with economic and entrepreneurial development, and further strengthen the supra-local level of government as the centre for rural and territorial development strategies. This should be combined with stabilisation measures in lagging areas, through the accumulation of human capital and enhanced access to land in predominantly rural territories. To address environmental challenges, natural resources should be protected both in the outskirts of metropolitan zones and in remote areas.
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  • 200
    ISBN: 9789264087255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional development policies in OECD countries
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Policy makers need both a handy reference guide to the regional policies of their own and other countries and a broader analysis of trends in regional policies, based on sound, comparable information. Regional Policies in OECD Countries responds to this need. It is the first systematic, comparative analysis of OECD countries’ regional policies. The report addresses fundamental regional policy concerns, such as: problem recognition; the objectives of regional policy; the legal/institutional framework; the urban/rural framework; budget structures; and the governance mechanisms linking national and sub-national governments as well as sectors. It begins with an overview of the regional policy today. This is followed by country profiles covering the 31 OECD members. The profiles share a common conceptual framework, allowing countries to see how their experiences measure up. The report also contains several annexes, which cover some of the countries that are candidates for accession to the OECD or with which the OECD has enhanced engagement. The annexes also cover the key topics of cross-border cooperation and trends in urban-rural linkages, especially efforts to control urban sprawl. The report will help countries to better understand regional policies and to formulate and diffuse horizontal policy recommendations. The analysis suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping sustainable endogenous development, in particular well-developed governance mechanisms to better respond to the different opportunities and demands of regions and to improve policy efficiency. This report is a unique source of regional policy information and of special interest to policy makers, researchers, and others engaging with regional development.
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