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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Post-Fukushima Action Implementation at Nuclear Installations : Human and Organisational Factors Lessons Learnt (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264664883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This report compiles and shares some of the lessons learnt from implementing post-Fukushima actions related to human and organisational factors (HOF), including at nuclear facility operating companies, technical support organisations, research institutions, and regulatory authorities. It summarises a two-phase information-gathering exercise, overseen by the NEA Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors, about the requirements and guidelines that countries and nuclear licensees have adopted since the accident. The report discusses the central role of human and organisational performance in mitigating extreme external events and the management of severe accidents. It addresses the importance of validating the ability to perform these actions, and the challenges associated with performing such validations with fidelity to the conditions likely to be present during such events. The report concludes by providing four key recommendations that seek to promote greater sharing of information and the identification of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/1da1f064-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Specifications for the Generalised Nuclear Database Structure (GNDS) : Version 2.0 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264723450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (435 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Knowledge of basic nuclear physics data is essential for the modelling and safe operation of all types of nuclear facilities. The de facto international standard format, Evaluated Nuclear Data File 6 (ENDF-6) format, was designed originally for 1960s era punch-card readers. The replacement of the system of codes built off this format has been recognised as an important initiative. The ability to use increasingly high-fidelity nuclear physics, coupled to accurate uncertainties, is crucial for advanced simulations. This in turn requires more detailed and accurate data, then requiring improvements to the data storage standards, simultaneously enabling robust Quality Assurance and transfer of knowledge to the next generation. In 2013, the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) launched a project to review the requirements for an international replacement for ENDF-6. The recommendations prompted the creation of a new Expert Group on a Generalised Nuclear Data Structure (GNDS) in 2016 that has used these requirements as the framework for a new format specification. Following rigorous international review, version 1.9 was unanimously approved as the first official published format in 2020. Since then, some 149 formal change requests were made to add new features and clarifications to the specifications, which were unanimously approved for publication in this release as version 2.0.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f05e3db-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep Geological Repositories and Nuclear Liability (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264898271
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The disposal of long-lived radioactive waste in a deep geological repository (DGR) is a scientifically and technically credible solution that meets the need for long-term safety without reliance on active monitoring and management. Nevertheless, it is important to assess the potential risks that may be associated with such a nuclear installation and to ensure that an appropriate regime is in place to adequately compensate third parties in case they suffer nuclear damage caused by a DGR. Therefore, countries developing or intending to develop DGRs must take into account nuclear third party liability regime(s) as long as they apply to the disposal facilities. Those regimes establish a specific legal system that deviates from general tort law principles, including strict and exclusive liability of the operator of a nuclear installation, which will have to maintain a compulsory financial security to cover its liability. Given the unusually long life cycles of such installations, this report discusses issues that concern future generations against the background of the currently applicable legal frameworks for the operation of nuclear installations, and existing technical knowledge, conscious that both will evolve. Nevertheless, it is important to identify and address potential issues regarding nuclear liability with the currently applicable legal frameworks and to set a clear framework for the applicable nuclear liability regime(s) during the different phases of operation of the DGR.
    DOI: 10.1787/8580e7ce-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Needs for Criticality Safety Purposes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264844414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This report aims to highlight the needs of integral experiments in the field of nuclear criticality safety, and to identify the available experimental facilities where such experiments could be performed. In order to identify existing experimental needs, the NEA surveyed international nuclear criticality safety (NCS) practitioners and members of the Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS). Responses were received from eight organisations and five countries (Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Japan and the United States); additional responses were also sent by four organisations in two countries (Switzerland and the United Kingdom). The survey results were examined by the WPNCS Subgroup on Experimental Needs for Criticality Safety Purposes (SG-5), which ranked the 25 identified needs in terms of priority as well as describing these needs in detail. A dedicated section of the report describes the existing proprietary experiments that might be used to meet some of the identified needs. Another section highlights some of the many facilities available to perform some of the prioritised criticality experiments.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6fd68f4-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benchmark on Dose Rate Calculations for Irradiated Assembly (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264654860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The radiation dose rate emitted by spent fuel assemblies is a crucial parameter within the framework of proliferation resistance, and its accurate determination is hence of paramount importance. Recent calculations have shown some discrepancies with historical results for pressurised water reactor spent fuel assemblies. To verify these discrepancies and help define a reference calculation, an international benchmark was carried out under the framework of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Expert Group on Advanced Fuel Cycle Scenarios (EGAFCS). The benchmark aimed to verify updated dose rate calculation procedures (new modelling approaches, new nuclear data, new versions of calculation codes) and share the benchmark results at the international level. The benchmark, including code-to-code verification and validation against experimental data, has shown and validated a methodology for the adequate estimation of the radiation dose rate from pressurised water reactor spent fuel assemblies (UOX and MOX) after certain periods of decay, confirming also the self-resistance of the simulated assemblies. This report outlines the exercise, its results and a series of recommendations for calculations.
    DOI: 10.1787/3dbcca5e-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Nuclear Power in the Hydrogen Economy : Cost and Competitiveness (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264708648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Hydrogen is expected to play important roles in decarbonised energy systems, as an energy source for otherwise hard-to-electrify sectors as well as a storage vector to enhance power system flexibility. However, hydrogen is not a primary energy resource and has to be produced using different chemical processes. Water electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water molecules to extract hydrogen, is expected to become a leading solution in this context. Electrolysis will, however, only be a feasible solution if the electricity used as feedstock comes from low-carbon sources. A significant number of countries are therefore considering a role for nuclear energy in their hydrogen strategies. This report provides an assessment of the costs and competitiveness of nuclear-produced hydrogen across the hydrogen value chain and explores the impacts of hydrogen production on the overall costs of integrated electricity and energy systems. It shows, in particular, that nuclear energy can be a competitive source to produce and deliver low-carbon hydrogen for centralised industrial demand. The large scale and dispatchability of nuclear power can also improve the cost-efficiency of hydrogen transport and storage infrastructures, and reduce the overall costs of the energy system.
    DOI: 10.1787/f2135036-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Perspectives for Financing Nuclear New Build : Minimising the Cost of Capital by Optimising Risk Management (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264647060
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Realising the contribution of nuclear energy to achieving net zero carbon emission in 2050 will require raising significant amounts of capital at competitive rates. On the basis of work under the aegis of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) – International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) Initiative on Nuclear Financing, this report explores a new framework for analysing the cost of capital for nuclear new build projects. Its key insight is that capital costs can be substantially lowered if the different risks pertaining to such projects such as construction risk, price risk or political risk are properly understood, optimally managed and fairly allocated. In a carbon-constrained world, the true capital costs of nuclear energy and other low-carbon generators will also be lower than customarily assumed due to their ability to offset systemic financial risk. The findings of this report apply equally to private and public investments. Governments nevertheless have important roles to play in ensuring credible net zero commitments, implementing frameworks for optimal risk management and by becoming involved as project participants, in cases where they judge that private actors do not realise the full value of a nuclear power project. This report is the first in the collection New perspectives on financing nuclear new build, highlighting complementary aspects of financing nuclear new build. Other volumes in the series address the financing frameworks and risk allocation strategies proposed or adopted for recent or ongoing nuclear new build projects, environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria and the electricity market design, project management and incentive structures necessary for nuclear new build projects to succeed.
    DOI: 10.1787/5c58a5c1-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Achieving Net Zero Carbon Emissions in Switzerland in 2050 : Low Carbon Scenarios and their System Costs (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264836013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: With an electricity system defined by high shares of hydropower, large capacity for interconnection with its neighbours and low carbon intensity, Switzerland is well positioned to attain its objective of net zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, the exact pathway remains the subject of discussion. First, what should the shares of nuclear energy and variable renewable energies such as solar PV and wind be in the energy mix? Second, what degree of electricity trade should Switzerland have with its European neighbours? New system modelling of different energy policy choices with the Nuclear Energy Agency’s POSY model shows that all considered scenarios are technically feasible. However, relying on variable renewables alone or decoupling Switzerland from neighbouring countries could increase total system costs by up to 250%. Instead, continuing to operate Switzerland’s newest nuclear power plants alongside existing hydropower resources, while maintaining interconnection capacity at current levels, emerges as the most cost-effective option to achieve net zero emissions in 2050. Ample data and technical documentation of a least-cost mixed integer (MILP) modelling with hourly resolution are also provided in order to allow replication, extension and discussion of this study’s findings
    DOI: 10.1787/ac21f8be-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stakeholder Confidence in Radioactive Waste Management : An Annotated Glossary of Key Terms, 2022 Update (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264718067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) acts as a centre for informed exchange of knowledge and experience regarding stakeholder interaction and public participation in radioactive waste management. It promotes an open discussion among members and stakeholders, across institutional boundaries, and between technical and non-technical actors, in an atmosphere of trust and mutual respect. As such, the FSC is, first and foremost, a learning organisation. FSC members seek to improve their own practice and institutions by uncovering practical knowledge, validating it with those most concerned and with academic feedback, consolidating knowledge and transferring lessons learnt. Since its foundation in 2000, the FSC has used and developed a set of terminology and concepts. Fostering a Durable Relationship between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community: Adding Value through Design and Process (NEA, 2007a) included a five-page glossary of terms that appeared central to understanding the innovative concepts put forward in that major report. Then, at the 11th Regular Meeting of the FSC in 2010, it was determined that a new, extensive review of concepts and definitions would be useful in order to inform new FSC members or to elaborate future texts on decision making in radioactive waste management. The annotated glossary was prepared on the basis of a review of the full range of FSC publications across the past decade, and discussions with the NEA Secretariat and the FSC Bureau. The glossary was reviewed at the FSC-12 meeting (2011), where the FSC re-examined its key concepts, reaffirming or refining past understanding. In each entry, the key characteristics of the concept are explained and its symbolic dimension described. In some cases, references to other literature are provided. In 2018, the FSC membership decided to update the Glossary and include a new entry on added value. The concept of added value was first discussed in the report Fostering a Durable Relationship between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community: Adding Value through Design and Process (NEA, 2015). It was recognised that although the concept has many facets and continues to evolve, a shared understanding of this concept was necessary. It is to be expected that within the coming years and through continuing dialogue, the understanding of certain concepts will evolve further and other terms will come to the fore. The FSC will continue to discuss and update its glossary to maintain it as a living document.
    DOI: 10.1787/293d3ad6-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seismic Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Facilities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.18
    Keywords: Nukleare Sicherheit ; Erdbeben ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Seismic probabilistic safety assessment (SPSA) is a systematic method for examining and evaluating the risk from earthquake-initiated accidents. The significant advances in the area of SPSA since the initial publication in 2002 of Technical Opinion Paper No. 2: Seismic Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Facilities by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency have prompted its revision. The objective of this report is to provide the up-to-date international view on the state of the SPSA as it is currently being applied, including a description of the main elements of SPSA. While the uncertainties associated with seismic hazard and the determination of seismic failure probabilities are typically large, the inclusion of SPSA in a risk assessment results in a more complete risk picture, and thus enables more meaningful PSA applications.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f615893-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Principles and Practice of International Nuclear Law (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264629479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (520 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Principles and Practice of International Nuclear Law examines the various interrelated legal issues for the safe, efficient and secure use of nuclear energy. It provides an overview of the complex body of laws and legal regimes in international nuclear law, as well as the many developments that have unfolded in recent years impacting all aspects of nuclear safety, security, safeguards and liability. It also gives a concise overview of the main international institutions, and addresses such issues as radiological protection, nuclear safety, environmental protection, nuclear transport, nuclear security, safeguards, nuclear third party liability and compensation for nuclear damage, insurance, nuclear trade and project development.
    DOI: 10.1787/58b25dca-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applicability of Nuclear Fuel Safety Criteria to Accident-Tolerant Fuel Designs (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.19
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, many countries began funding research and development on nuclear fuel designs with enhanced accident tolerance (ATFs). ATFs have improved designs, materials and performance features compared with those of the current generation of slightly enriched UO2 ceramic pellets within cylindrical zirconium alloy cladding. This report evaluates the applicability of existing fuel design and performance requirements to some of the new ATF designs (coated zirconium alloy fuel rod cladding, FeCrAl fuel rod cladding, silicon carbide fuel rod cladding, doped uranium dioxide ceramic fuel pellets, uranium silicide ceramic fuel pellets),identifies new phenomena which create the need for new or different performance metrics and design requirements, identifies data gaps and discusses opportunities for international collaborative research to fill them. A variety of new phenomena were identified for the examined ATF designs which challenged the applicability of existing performance metrics and analytical limits or created the need for new criteria. Recommendations to address these challenges are provided with the intention to inform future international research programmes and support ATF licensing.
    DOI: 10.1787/cc408bd9-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beyond Electricity : The Economics of Nuclear Cogeneration (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264492172
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Kernenergie ; Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear energy is an important source of low-carbon electricity and thus plays a significant role in avoiding carbon emissions. It has the potential to decarbonise the global energy sector even further by also providing heat for industrial applications and residential heating, which both continue to run mainly on fossil fuels. More than 65 nuclear reactors around the world (about 15% of the total) with decades of experience demonstrate on a daily basis the feasibility of providing non-electric applications of nuclear energy such as district heating, desalination or other forms of process heat. In order to further reduce carbon emissions, the share of nuclear reactors used for cogeneration needs to be expanded. However, until recently the economic competitiveness of thermal energy produced by nuclear power plants has been a challenge. Not accounting for climate change impacts, heat produced by gas- or coal-fired power plants has frequently been cheaper. Yet, as fossil fuel prices rise and carbon costs are increasingly accounted for, the economics of nuclear cogeneration begin to look more favourable. A good understanding of the technical realities and economics of nuclear cogeneration, including its implications for electricity and energy systems, is essential to take advantage of this changed environment. This NEA report provides a thorough overview of nuclear cogeneration, with a view to helping energy decisionmakers and interested experts in assessing the costs and benefits of having nuclear energy provide both low-carbon electricity and low-carbon heat.
    DOI: 10.1787/bed3e52c-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Maximising Uranium Mining’s Social and Economic Benefits : A Guide for Stakeholders (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264849389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Kernbrennstoff ; Bergbau ; Stakeholder ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The transformative activity of mining has numerous economic, social and environmental impacts that can be both positive and adverse for communities, ecosystems and economies. As the uranium industry begins to address negative perceptions and legacies associated with past activities, environmental, socioeconomic and governance aspects of the uranium mining life cycle are gaining increased attention from investors, communities, regulators and other stakeholders. While environmental and human health and safety concerns often dominate stakeholder engagement programmes and public conversations about uranium operations, less public discussion and analytical research are typically devoted to the socio-economic aspects. This was the basis for this report. Through an examination of case studies from several countries the aim is to clarify how the numerous activities related to uranium mining affect various aspects of socio-economic development – including employment, supply chain investments, exports, taxes and royalties, innovation, infrastructure, education and medical care. This report’s inventory of leading practices is intended to inform public debate on uranium mine development and provide policymakers with a framework of approaches to maximise the social and economic benefits of uranium mining projects.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2b420bf-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactors and Industrial Heat Applications (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264796331
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Reducing industrial carbon emissions is one of the most difficult challenges on the path to net zero by 2050 due to the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial sector and technical requirements for heat in addition to power. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) are a promising Generation IV nuclear technology that can supply process heat for a variety of industrial applications. The Nuclear Energy Agency investigated the potential and limitations of HTGRs for industrial heat applications. This study reviews the technical features and development status of HTGRs as a low-carbon heat source and explores how this technology could meet the process heat requirements of different industrial processes. It revealed the potential industrial applications of HTGR heat in the near term as well as further opportunities in the medium to long term while identifying the remaining challenges for the industrial deployment of this technology.
    DOI: 10.1787/7406b814-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Human and Organisational Performance in Nuclear Installations (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264318199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This report from the NEA Working Group on Human and Organisational Performance establishes a common understanding around the terms human performance (HP), organisational performance (OP), and human and organisational factors (HOF) through a simple model. The model presented illustrates the strong inter-relationship between the terms. It shows that HP includes both human activities and the results of these activities. HOF are the factors which have influence on HP in a positive or adverse manner in a given situation. They can be categorised as human-, technology- and organisation-related factors which are themselves under continuous interaction with each other. The report highlights the need for all managers to develop an understanding that the continuous application of a systemic approach is required to establish and sustain an effective management system and to foster safety culture.
    DOI: 10.1787/97859635-en
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  • 17
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    Building a Framework for Post-Nuclear Accident Recovery Preparedness : National-Level Guidance (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264883116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Ten years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, many lessons have been learnt that have helped improve preparedness for nuclear emergencies and awareness of the global risks that such accidents can entail. This includes a number of long-lasting, multidimensional impacts on health(including mental health and psychosocial support), the economy, and the environment. Recovery from a nuclear or radiological accident is a long, complex and resource-intensive process. To facilitate efficient recovery, it is important to establish processes and procedures during the preparedness phase to activate the resources required and to involve the relevant stakeholders at all levels. This report addresses the need for a harmonised approach towards efficient recovery management from nuclear or radiological accidents, which aims to assist countries to develop their own national plans and procedures for post-accident recovery preparedness in a harmonised manner, through the introduction of a cyclical approach.
    DOI: 10.1787/7310f060-en
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  • 18
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    Reactivity-Initiated Accident Fuel Rod Codes Benchmark Phases I-III : Synthesis Report (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264717398
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: One of the key areas in fuel safety is the analysis of fuel behaviour under reactivity-initiated accident conditions. Reactivity-initiated accident fuel rod codes have been developed for a significant period of time and they all have shown their ability to reproduce some experimental results with a certain degree of adequacy. However, they sometimes rely on different specific modelling assumptions whose influence on the final results of the calculations is difficult to evaluate. This report summarises three phases of benchmark conducted by the NEA between 2010 and 2019 with codes for calculating fuel behaviour in reactivity initiated accidents. Building on previous NEA reports, it provides recommendations for future research and code enhancements for safety analysis regarding reactivity accidents.
    DOI: 10.1787/626a9a5d-en
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  • 19
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    Clay Club Catalogue of Characteristics of Argillaceous Rocks : 2022 Update (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264881075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The NEA Clay Club has been gathering the key geoscientific characteristics of the various argillaceous formations that are – or have been – studied in NEA member countries in the context of radioactive waste disposal, resulting in the publication of the Clay Club Catalogue of Characteristics of Argillaceous Rocks in 2005. This publication builds upon the 2005 NEA report by providing updated datasets for a select number of argillaceous formations presented in the previous report, as well as an expanded discussion of: the formations and their properties; the nuclear waste management organisations responsible for the implementation of the deep geological repository concept; the design concept proposed for a deep geological repository in the respective countries and rock formations; and some of the favourable properties of said argillaceous formations. A key goal of this report is to present the data in a manner that allows reasonable comparability (in both scale and methods) of the included parameters, in order to support the formal assessment and demonstration of the capacity of clay-rich formations to securely contain and isolate nuclear waste from the natural environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/8860f7d8-en
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  • 20
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    Recent publications (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 2 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: 0
    DOI: 10.1787/7cfcc35b-en
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  • 21
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    Significant legal developments concerning “independent” regulatory agencies in the United States and what it could mean for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission : 0 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 2 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Multiple sources of international nuclear law, including binding instruments such as the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS)1 and the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint Convention),2 stress the importance of the independence of the regulator, as well as the effective separation of that regulatory body from others tasked with the promotion or utilisation of nuclear energy. Since its creation in 1974, the United States (US) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has been characterised as an “independent agency” within the US government. One of the hallmarks of this independence is that, by law, members of the Commission cannot be removed at will by the President over policy disagreements. However, recent decisions by the US Supreme Court have declared that restrictions on the President’s ability to remove the heads of certain agencies are incompatible with the nation’s constitutional structure and are therefore invalid and unenforceable. As of this writing, these decisions have been limited to independent regulatory agencies headed by a single administrator, not multi-member boards or commissions such as the NRC. However, the Court’s legal reasoning sweeps broadly, and if the holding of these decisions were to be applied to multi-member regulatory bodies (as legal scholars predict), it would shake the organisational bedrock upon which the Commission has rested since its creation. It may also risk transforming the Agency’s public image into that of a political or promotional actor, whose activities are closely overseen by the President who is also responsible for setting energy-related national priorities and goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/add8ce67-en
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    Online Resource
    Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments on civil liability for nuclear damage (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Viewed from a general, global perspective, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is not the rule. On the contrary, it generally requires a specific legal basis and justification that a country accepts the rulings of courts of other states and treats them like its own decisions. The main basis for such treatment is most often an international treaty or a supranational instrument (like, for instance, the Brussels Ibis Regulation1 or the revised Lugano Convention of 20072) that provides for the mutual acceptance of foreign court decisions among the states adhering to the respective instrument. In the absence of a specific bilateral or multilateral treaty or supranational instrument, the states autonomously formulate the conditions under which they recognise and enforce foreign judgments. In this respect, some countries follow a more generous, others a more restrictive, course. But, countries do not recognise foreign judgments without preconditions;3 every country provides for a certain type of control. Some, for instance, adhere to the principle of reciprocity. These countries recognise and enforce judgments of other countries only if the other country recognises and enforces their decisions...
    DOI: 10.1787/b6535fdc-en
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    Book Reviews (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/235eefce-en
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Intergovernmental organisation activities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/7a3b07d2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Reflections on the negotiations of the Protocols to amend the Paris and Brussels Supplementary Conventions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 2 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: I was fortunate enough in my former position to take part as a member of the French delegation in the discussions that led from 1990 to the revision of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage1 and from 1998 to the revision of the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy2 and the Brussels Supplementary Convention.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6a98793-en
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Slovak legal system for ensuring feasible nuclear back-end system implementation Part 2: Outlook for future development (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 2 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The nuclear industry recognises the need for a present-day solution to the future needs in decommissioning and spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management. The end state for spent fuel and radioactive waste must be reached by future technical capabilities, but executable based on today’s sound legal system for decades of fund accumulation. Strictly perceived through the perspective of technical implementation, all existing nuclear facilities can be decommissioned by today’s means. Funding, however, is the issue. Each country sets up different systems to ensure financing and implementation of these projects. The adoption of various nuclear back-end strategies results from each country’s different legal system, economic ability and the national nuclear industry’s historic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/51078d29-en
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Intergovernmental organisation activity (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 2 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: 0
    DOI: 10.1787/e34294cb-en
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    National Legislative and Regulatory Activities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/c55b28f5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    News Briefs (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/cd6b28b6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    List of correspondents to the Nuclear Law Bulletin (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/5f1ec523-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Case Law (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2021, no. 1 | volume:2021 | year:2021 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2021, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/eb45a6e3-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Success and Creativity in Scientific Research (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000356908
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (120 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Long-term success in scientific research requires skills that go well beyond technical prowess. Success and Creativity in Scientific Research: Amaze Your Friends and Surprise Yourself is based on a popular series of lectures the author has given to PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and faculty at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Both entertaining and thought-provoking, this essential work supports advanced students and early career professionals across a variety of technical disciplines to thrive as successful and innovative researchers. Features: Discusses habits needed to find deep satisfaction in research, systematic and proven methods for generating good ideas, strategies for effective technical writing, and making compelling presentations Uses a conversational tone, making extensive use of anecdotes from scientific luminaries to engage readers Provides actionable methods to help readers achieve long-term career success Offers memorable examples to illustrate general principles Features topics relevant to researchers in all disciplines of science and engineering This book is aimed at students and early career professionals who want to achieve the satisfaction of performing creative and impactful research in any area of science or engineering.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 16, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 33
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    Countering Cyber Sabotage (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000292978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (276 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Countering Cyber Sabotage: Introducing Consequence-Driven, Cyber-Informed Engineering (CCE) introduces a new methodology to help critical infrastructure owners, operators and their security practitioners make demonstrable improvements in securing their most important functions and processes. Current best practice approaches to cyber defense struggle to stop targeted attackers from creating potentially catastrophic results. From a national security perspective, it is not just the damage to the military, the economy, or essential critical infrastructure companies that is a concern. It is the cumulative, downstream effects from potential regional blackouts, military mission kills, transportation stoppages, water delivery or treatment issues, and so on. CCE is a validation that engineering first principles can be applied to the most important cybersecurity challenges and in so doing, protect organizations in ways current approaches do not. The most pressing threat is cyber-enabled sabotage, and CCE begins with the assumption that well-resourced, adaptive adversaries are already in and have been for some time, undetected and perhaps undetectable. Chapter 1 recaps the current and near-future states of digital technologies in critical infrastructure and the implications of our near-total dependence on them. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the origins of the methodology and set the stage for the more in-depth examination that follows. Chapter 4 describes how to prepare for an engagement, and chapters 5-8 address each of the four phases. The CCE phase chapters take the reader on a more granular walkthrough of the methodology with examples from the field, phase objectives, and the steps to take in each phase. Concluding chapter 9 covers training options and looks towards a future where these concepts are scaled more broadly.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 19, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Smart Agriculture (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000327892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (244 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book endeavours to highlight the untapped potential of Smart Agriculture for the innovation and expansion of the agriculture sector. The sector shall make incremental progress as it learns from associations between data over time through Artificial Intelligence, deep learning and Internet of Things applications. The farming industry and Smart agriculture develop from the stringent limits imposed by a farm's location, which in turn has a series of related effects with respect to supply chain management, food availability, biodiversity, farmers' decision-making and insurance, and environmental concerns among others. All of the above-mentioned aspects will derive substantial benefits from the implementation of a data-driven approach under the condition that the systems, tools and techniques to be used have been designed to handle the volume and variety of the data to be gathered. Contributions to this book have been solicited with the goal of uncovering the possibilities of engaging agriculture with equipped and effective profound learning algorithms. Most agricultural research centres are already adopting Internet of Things for the monitoring of a wide range of farm services, and there are significant opportunities for agriculture administration through the effective implementation of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data and IoT structures.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed February 10, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000379556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (317 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book introduces unmanned aircraft systems traffic management (UTM) and how this new paradigm in traffic management integrates unmanned aircraft operations into national airspace systems. Exploring how UTM is expected to operate, including possible architectures for UTM implementations, and UTM services, including flight planning, strategic coordination, and conformance monitoring, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management: UTM considers the boundaries of UTM and how it is expected to interlace with tactical coordination systems to maintain airspace safety. The book also presents the work of the global ecosystem of players advancing UTM, including relevant standards development organizations (SDOs), and considers UTM governance paradigms and challenges. FEATURES Describes UTM concept of operations (ConOps) and global variations in architectures Explores envisioned UTM services, including flight planning, strategic coordination, conformance monitoring, contingency management, constraints and geo-awareness, and remote identification Highlights cybersecurity standards development and awareness Covers approaches to the approval, management, and oversight of UTM components and ecosystem Considers the future of UTM and potential barriers to its success, international coordination, and regulatory reform This book is an essential, in-depth, annotated resource for developers, unmanned aircraft system operators, pilots, policy makers, researchers, and academics engaged in unmanned systems, transportation management, and the future of aviation.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed August 24, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 36
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    Online Resource
    Industry 4.0 Interoperability, Analytics, Security, and Case Studies (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000338041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (248 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: All over the world, vast research is in progress on the domain of Industry 4.0 and related techniques. Industry 4.0 is expected to have a very high impact on labor markets, global value chains, education, health, environment, and many social economic aspects. Industry 4.0 Interoperability, Analytics, Security, and Case Studies provides a deeper understanding of the drivers and enablers of Industry 4.0. It includes real case studies of various applications related to different fields, such as cyber physical systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, machine learning, virtualization, decentralization, blockchain, fog computing, and many other related areas. Also discussed are interoperability, design, and implementation challenges. Researchers, academicians, and those working in industry around the globe will find this book of interest. FEATURES Provides an understanding of the drivers and enablers of Industry 4.0 Includes real case studies of various applications for different fields Discusses technologies such as cyber physical systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, machine learning, virtualization, decentralization, blockchain, fog computing, and many other related areas Covers design, implementation challenges, and interoperability Offers detailed knowledge on Industry 4.0 and its underlying technologies, research challenges, solutions, and case studies
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 30, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    Problem-Solving (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000396003
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (146 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Problem-solving and better thinking skills are among the top skills that employers are looking for. This book presents various methods of problem-solving that can be adapted to any field. It focuses on a set of a dozen new approaches with an ending result to finding better solutions to problems that you may have previously found difficult. The book discusses problem-solving based upon new thinking skills and presents the relationship between problem-solving and creativity. A connection between problem-solving and re-engineering is presented as the book explores the ability to tackle new and difficult problems in all aspects of life. It points you in the direction of how to easily find better solutions to problems that previously were found to be difficult. Target audience is general engineers, systems engineers, scientists, technologists, mathematicians, and lawyers.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 14, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 38
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    Secure Edge Computing (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000427325
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (280 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The internet is making our daily life as digital as possible and this new era is called the Internet of Everything (IoE). Edge computing is an emerging data analytics concept that addresses the challenges associated with IoE. More specifically, edge computing facilitates data analysis at the edge of the network instead of interacting with cloud-based servers. Therefore, more and more devices need to be added in remote locations without any substantial monitoring strategy. This increased connectivity and the devices used for edge computing will create more room for cyber criminals to exploit the system’s vulnerabilities. Ensuring cyber security at the edge should not be an afterthought or a huge challenge. The devices used for edge computing are not designed with traditional IT hardware protocols. There are diverse-use cases in the context of edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT) in remote locations. However, the cyber security configuration and software updates are often overlooked when they are most needed to fight cyber crime and ensure data privacy. Therefore, the threat landscape in the context of edge computing becomes wider and far more challenging. There is a clear need for collaborative work throughout the entire value chain of the network. In this context, this book addresses the cyber security challenges associated with edge computing, which provides a bigger picture of the concepts, techniques, applications, and open research directions in this area. In addition, the book serves as a single source of reference for acquiring the knowledge on the technology, process and people involved in next generation computing and security. It will be a valuable aid for researchers, higher level students and professionals working in the area.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed August 12, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 39
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    Cybersecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000357653
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (168 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: As the 2020 global lockdown became a universal strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing triggered a massive reliance on online and cyberspace alternatives and switched the world to the digital economy. Despite their effectiveness for remote work and online interactions, cyberspace alternatives ignited several Cybersecurity challenges. Malicious hackers capitalized on global anxiety and launched cyberattacks against unsuspecting victims. Internet fraudsters exploited human and system vulnerabilities and impacted data integrity, privacy, and digital behaviour. Cybersecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic demystifies Cybersecurity concepts using real-world cybercrime incidents from the pandemic to illustrate how threat actors perpetrated computer fraud against valuable information assets particularly healthcare, financial, commercial, travel, academic, and social networking data. The book simplifies the socio-technical aspects of Cybersecurity and draws valuable lessons from the impacts COVID-19 cyberattacks exerted on computer networks, online portals, and databases. The book also predicts the fusion of Cybersecurity into Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics, the two emerging domains that will potentially dominate and redefine post-pandemic Cybersecurity research and innovations between 2021 and 2025. The book’s primary audience is individual and corporate cyberspace consumers across all professions intending to update their Cybersecurity knowledge for detecting, preventing, responding to, and recovering from computer crimes. Cybersecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic is ideal for information officers, data managers, business and risk administrators, technology scholars, Cybersecurity experts and researchers, and information technology practitioners. Readers will draw lessons for protecting their digital assets from email phishing fraud, social engineering scams, malware campaigns, and website hijacks.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 16, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 40
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    Learning Engineering Practice (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000289336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (176 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book explains engineering practice, what engineers actually do in their work. The first part explains how to find paid engineering work and prepare for an engineering career. The second part explains the fundamentals of engineering practice, including how to gain access to technical knowledge, how to gain the willing collaboration of other people to make things happen, and how to work safely in hazardous environments. Other chapters explain engineering aspects of project management missed in most courses, how to create commercial value from engineering work and estimate costs, and how to navigate cultural complexities successfully. Later chapters provide guidance on sustainability, time management and avoiding the most common frustrations encountered by engineers at work. This book has been written for engineering students, graduates and novice engineers. Supervisors, mentors and human resources professionals will also find the book helpful to guide early-career engineers and assess their progress. Engineering schools will find the book helpful to help students prepare for professional internships and also for creating authentic practice and assessment exercises.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 14, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 41
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    C# Game Programming Cookbook for Unity 3D, 2nd Edition (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000359725
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (298 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This second edition of C# Game Programming Cookbook for Unity 3D expounds upon the first with more details and techniques. With a fresh array of chapters, updated C# code and examples, Jeff W. Murray’s book will help the reader understand structured game development in Unity unlike ever before. New to this edition is a step-by-step tutorial for building a 2D infinite runner game from the framework and scripts included in the book. The book contains a flexible and reusable framework in C# suitable for all game types. From game state handling to audio mixers to asynchronous scene loading, the focus of this book is building a reusable structure to take care of many of the most used systems. Improve your game's sound in a dedicated audio chapter covering topics such as audio mixers, fading, and audio ducking effects, or dissect a fully featured racing game with car physics, lap counting, artificial intelligence steering behaviors, and game management. Use this book to guide your way through all the required code and framework to build a multi-level arena blaster game. Features Focuses on programming, structure, and an industry-level, C#-based framework Extensive breakdowns of all the important classes Example projects illustrate and break down common and important Unity C# programming concepts, such as coroutines, singletons, static variables, inheritance, and scriptable objects. Three fully playable example games with source code: a 2D infinite runner, an arena blaster, and an isometric racing game The script library includes a base Game Manager, timed and proximity spawning, save profile manager, weapons control, artificial intelligence controllers (path following, target chasing and line-of-sight patrolling behaviors), user interface Canvas management and fading, car physics controllers, and more. Code and screenshots have been updated with the latest versions of Unity. These updates will help illustrate how to create 2D games and 3D games based on the most up-to-date methods and techniques. Experienced C# programmers will discover ways to structure Unity projects for reusability and scalability. The concepts offered within the book are instrumental to mastering C# and Unity. In his game career spanning more than 20 years, Jeff W. Murray has worked with some of the world's largest brands as a Game Designer, Programmer, and Director. A Unity user for over 14 years, he now works as a consultant and freelancer between developing his own VR ga...
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 24, 2021) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants : Twenty-Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2018 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264840829
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) is jointly sponsored by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Since 1992, ISOE has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear licensees and national regulatory authorities worldwide to share dose reduction information and operational experience aiming to improve the optimisation of radiological protection at nuclear power plants. As of 31 December 2018, the ISOE Programme included 76 participating licensees in 31 countries (352 operating units, 61 shutdown units and 10 units under construction and/or commissioning), as well as 28 regulatory authorities in 26 countries. The ISOE database contains occupational exposure information for 500 units, covering over 85% of the world’s operating commercial power reactors. In addition, the ISOE database contains dose data from 106 reactors that are shut down or in some stage of decommissioning. While ISOE is well known for its occupational exposure data and analyses, the Programme’s strength comes from its objective to share such information broadly among its participants. This 28th Annual Report presents the status of the ISOE Programme for the calendar year 2018. The report includes global occupational exposure data and analyses collected and accomplished in 2018, as well as information on the Programme achievements and principle events in participating countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a64e596d-en
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    Technical and Economic Aspects of Load Following with Nuclear Power Plants (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264530584
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear power plants are used extensively as base load sources of electricity. This is the most economical and technically simple mode of operation. In this mode, power changes are limited to frequency regulation for grid stability purposes and shutdowns for safety purposes. However for countries with high nuclear shares or desiring to significantly increase renewable energy sources, the question arises as to the ability of nuclear power plants to follow load on a regular basis, including daily variations of the power demand. This report considers the capability of nuclear power plants to follow load and the associated issues that arise when operating in a load following mode. The report was initiated as part of the NEA study “System effects of nuclear power”. It provided a detailed analysis of the technical and economic aspects of load-following with nuclear power plants, and summarises the impact of load-following on the operational mode, fuel performance and ageing of large equipment components of the plant.
    DOI: 10.1787/29e7df00-en
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  • 44
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    Optimising Management of Low-level Radioactive Materials and Waste from Decommissioning (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264669987
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Low-level and very low-level waste represent the vast majority of radioactive waste by volume from decommissioning activity at nuclear facilities around the world, but they are only a small fraction of the radiological inventory. The availability of the appropriate waste management infrastructure, including a robust process and procedures for managing waste, waste disposal routes and an appropriate safety culture, are key components of an optimal approach to decommissioning. Recognising the important role of an effective waste management strategy in the delivery of a successful decommissioning programme, the former NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) established an expert group in 2016 – the Task Group on Optimising Management of Low-Level Radioactive Materials and Waste from Decommissioning (TGOM) – to examine how countries manage (very) low-level radioactive waste and materials arising from decommissioning. This report explores elements contributing to the optimisation of national approaches at a strategic level, describing the main factors and the relationships between them. It also identifies constraints in the practical implementation of optimisation based on experience in NEA member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/1ace089e-en
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  • 45
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    Benchmark Study of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646735
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Understanding the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is important for safe and timely decommissioning of the reactors. This objective, together with the development of better computer codes for analysis of severe accidents, was the aim of the benchmark study conducted under the auspices of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Through the diversity of the modelling codes and approaches, and the use of parametric studies, it has been possible to identify the more likely scenarios that can fit with the limited data available from the accident. The insights gained from the project will help guide research into severe accident behaviour, improve severe accident computer codes, develop accident mitigation and response at nuclear power plants, support regulatory oversight related to severe accidents, and inform policies on the development and deployment of nuclear technology.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7af03aa-en
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  • 46
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    Long-Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and Decarbonisation Strategies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264561359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Kernkraftwerk ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The existing nuclear fleet remains the largest low-carbon source of electricity generation in OECD countries. In 2021 the average nuclear power plant had already been operating for 31 years and some 30% of reactors worldwide were already operating under long-term operation conditions. The long-term operation of this existing nuclear capacity will be essential over the next decade to keep decarbonisation targets within reach. At the same time, by keeping the long-term-operation option open, countries could also reap a wide-range of socio-economic benefits including more affordable and secure electricity supply. Nevertheless, an increasing number of reactors are being shut down earlier than expected due to policy decisions and increasing market pressures in some regions. In light of these trends, this study takes a holistic approach to identifying the key enablers for long-term operation of nuclear power plants. The attractiveness of long-term operation lies in its technical maturity, cost-competiveness and ease of implementation: it is a high-value option to support the energy transition while minimising potential risks along the way.
    DOI: 10.1787/36bf165e-en
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  • 47
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    Climate Change : Assessment of the Vulnerability of Nuclear Power Plants and Approaches for their Adaptation (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264537736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Kernkraftwerk ; Klimawandel ; Wetter ; Nukleare Sicherheit ; Welt ; Nuclear Energy ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Climate change will create specific risks and challenges for nuclear power plants and the electricity system as a whole. Extreme weather events caused by climate change – such as floods, storms, heat waves and droughts – have already affected the operation of nuclear power plants. Any increase in the temperature of the water used to cool nuclear power plants can also lead to reductions in their power output due to decreasing thermal efficiency. This report sets out the adaptation strategies that can be effectively implemented to improve the resilience of existing plants as well as any new installations. The costs of adaptation to climate change can vary significantly depending on the type of reactor, the climate change issues affecting them, as well as the applicable regulations and standards. However, while these adaptation costs can, in some cases, be significant, the costs of inaction – both directly at the plant level and indirectly for the electricity system – are likely to be even higher.
    DOI: 10.1787/cdb52aed-en
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    Second update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium And Technetium, Volume 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264947566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1572 p.)
    Series Statement: Chemical Thermodynamics
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This volume is the fourteenth of the series “Chemical Thermodynamics” published by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. It is the second update of the critical reviews published, successively, in 1992 as Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, in 1995 as Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium, in 1999 as Chemical Thermodynamics of Technetium, in 2001 as Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium and in 2003 as the first Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium. A team, composed of nine internationally recognised experts, has critically reviewed all the relevant scientific literature for the above mentioned systems that has appeared since the publication of the earlier volumes. The results of this assessment, carried out following the Guidelines of the Thermochemical Database Project, have been documented in the present volume, which contains new tables of selected values for formation and reaction data and an extensive bibliography. The database system developed at the NEA Data Bank ensures consistency within the recommended data sets. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf86a907-en
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  • 49
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    Towards a Shared Understanding of Radiological Risks : Summary Report of the NEA Stakeholder Involvement Workshop on Risk Communication (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The decisions made about exposure to ionising radiation tend to be driven by subjective judgements about the health risks that radiation exposure may cause. In order to reach decisions that are effective and sustainable, it is essential for nuclear safety regulators, governments, nuclear facility operators and other nuclear energy decision makers to communicate scientific, technical and regulatory information regarding radiological and other risks to all stakeholders. Communicating such information can be complex since people judge and evaluate risks differently depending on the context and on their perceptions of risk. In this context, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised the “Stakeholder Involvement Workshop on Risk Communication: Towards a Shared Understanding of Radiological Risks” in September 2019. The workshop provided an opportunity for participants to share perspectives and lessons learnt in risk communication, identifying what has been effective and what has been less effective in the various cases. By understanding how situation-specific factors influence risk communication, a common framework addressing such circumstances can begin to emerge. This report attempts to capture the collective wisdom generated over the three days of interactions in the hope that the knowledge gained from this workshop will benefit governments and citizens alike.
    DOI: 10.1787/6da7e177-en
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  • 50
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    Storage of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264377721
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nukleare Entsorgung ; USA ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Safety remains the most important factor in managing radioactive waste and spent fuel resulting from the generation of nuclear energy. General consensus has emerged worldwide that deep geological repositories are the safest option for long-lived radioactive waste, and that constructing repositories is feasible using current technologies. However, until repositories become available, radioactive waste must be managed safely and securely so that the risks posed to human health and to the environment over the long timescales involved are minimised. This report examines the predisposal phase of radioactive waste management programmes in NEA member countries for all types of waste from high-level to intermediate- and low-level waste, and spent fuel. It reviews regulations, policies, strategies and financial issues in member countries, as well as best practices both in terms of storage and transport. The report is primarily directed at decision makers with a technical knowledge of the subject.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb8b3f8f-en
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  • 51
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    Ensuring the Adequacy of Funding Arrangements for Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste Management (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264973527
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (239 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nukleare Entsorgung ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The world’s nuclear power reactors are ageing, with the majority approaching the end of their planned operational lifetimes in the coming years. The adequacy of funding for decommissioning and radioactive waste management (RMW) thus increasingly commands the attention of decision-makers. This report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) combines a solid conceptual framework with the insights from twelve case studies of NEA member countries to propose a new approach to the adequacy of funding that is both robust and flexible. Current funding systems in NEA countries are overall adequate. The challenges ahead however are formidable: decommissioning and RWM are moving from design to implementation, returns on assets are low and societal preferences can evolve. The very long-term nature of the solutions, in particular for radioactive waste disposal, is also not easily compatible with the economic lifetimes of the original liability holders. This requires that all elements of the system – accrued funds, expected future returns, the lifetimes of nuclear power plants, the expected costs of politically sustainable technical solutions and the liabilities for residual risks – are reviewed and realigned at regular intervals. Complementing existing approaches with such a circular approach will strengthen funding arrangements and ensure their adequacy for decades to come.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b316bb6-en
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    Methods for Assessing and Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Regulatory Body (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264440562
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: It is essential that organisations in the nuclear community maintain a healthy safety culture to achieve common goals regarding the safe operation of nuclear facilities and the safe use of nuclear material. Regulatory bodies are no exception, as a key element of the interconnected system which includes licensees, research institutions, technical support organisations, as well as governmental organisations and other stakeholders. By their very nature, regulatory bodies deeply influence the safety culture and the safety of the organisations they regulate and oversee. Based on their regulatory strategy, the way they carry out their daily oversight work, the type of relationship they cultivate with licensees, the values they convey and the importance they give to safety, regulatory bodies profoundly impact the licensees’ safety culture, their sense of responsibility for safety and, by extension, the safety of their installations. Regulatory bodies apply a number of methods, practices and approaches to foster and sustain a healthy safety culture. This report provides an overview and practical examples to build the regulatory bodies’ safety culture competence and to perform self-reflection and self-assessment with regard to their own safety culture and its impact on the safety culture of the organisations they oversee. Drawing directly from the experiences from OECD Nuclear Energy Agency member countries, the report discusses effective methods to disseminate safety culture throughout the regulatory body, to build competence in safety culture, and to develop self-reflection and self-assessment activities. Finally, the report presents ten conclusions based on lessons learnt and best practices to inspire managers to continuously develop their regulatory body’s safety culture.
    DOI: 10.1787/cd079210-en
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    Nuclear Energy in the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) : A Report to the G20 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264459014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Keywords: Kernenergie ; Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Klimaschutz ; Coronavirus ; G20-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This report highlights the potential role of nuclear in contributing to the circular carbon economy as a low-carbon source of electricity, but also as a source of heat and system integration services. It further highlights the essential role played by the existing nuclear reactor fleet in supporting the resilience of the electricity system through the COVID-19 crisis, and the significant role that the nuclear sector can play in post-COVID-19 recovery efforts. As with all low-carbon technologies, a number of enabling policies are needed for nuclear power to play its full role in the circular carbon economy. They are outlined in the last section of this report. Building on these conclusions, G20 countries could take specific action in a number of areas, both individually and collectively.
    DOI: 10.1787/be85cb3d-en
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  • 54
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    Advanced Nuclear Reactor Systems and Future Energy Market Needs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264635838
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Kernenergie ; Energiemarkt ; Energieversorgung ; Nuclear Energy ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Energy markets will be significantly different in the future. The electricity generation system is becoming more diverse with the development of energy-related technologies including renewable energy sources, storage technologies and demand-side management. Beyond the electricity sector, various low-carbon energy technologies are being developed to respond to the need to decarbonise hard-to-abate sectors such as heavy industry and long-distance transportation. In this report the NEA investigates the changing needs of energy markets and the potential role of nuclear technologies as low-carbon energy sources. Focusing on the technical characteristics of advanced nuclear reactor systems, including Generation III/III+ reactors, small modular reactors and Generation IV reactors, it explores the ways these advanced nuclear technologies could address the future energy market needs. The conclusion is that advanced nuclear reactor systems, while complying with the flexibility requirements of the electricity grid and supporting system reliability, have a large potential as alternative low-carbon energy sources for residential and industrial heat supply and hydrogen production.
    DOI: 10.1787/beb24009-en
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  • 55
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    National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste : Final Methodology (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424685
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste inventory data are an essential element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s). The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) developed a methodology that ensures consistency of national radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory data by presenting them in a common scheme in direct connection with accepted management strategy and disposal routes. This report provides the final version of the methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and the radioactive waste of all existing types. Additionally, there are recommendations in the report on how to enhance the comparability of national inventory data using the NEA methodology. The NEA support for joint efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission on harmonisation of the reporting process by member countries to the Joint Convention and European Council Directive 2011/70 EURATOM is also presented in the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab90866d-en
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  • 56
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    Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident, Ten Years On : Progress, Lessons and Challenges (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264577039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: Much has been learnt in the ten years since the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, but significant challenges still remain. This report presents the current situation at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and the responses by Japanese authorities and the international community since the accident. It will assist both policymakers and the general public to understand the multi-dimensional issues stemming from the accident. These include disaster recovery, compensation for damages, nuclear safety, nuclear regulation, radiation protection, plant decommissioning, radioactive waste management, psycho-social issues in the community and societal resilience. Building on two previous reports released by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 2013 and 2016, the report examines the plant’s future, that of the affected region and population, as well as outlining areas for further improvement and how the international community can help.
    DOI: 10.1787/124c2774-en
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  • 57
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    Strategies and Considerations for the Back End of the Fuel Cycle (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264429475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: A wealth of technical information exists on nuclear fuel cycle options – combinations of nuclear fuel types, reactor types, used or spent nuclear fuel (SNF) treatments, and disposal schemes – and most countries with active nuclear power programmes conduct some level of research and development on advanced nuclear fuel cycles. However, perhaps because of the number of options that exist, it is often difficult for policy makers to understand the nature and magnitude of the differences between the various options. This report explores the fuel cycle options and the differentiating characteristics of these options. It also describes the driving factors for decisions related to both the development of the fuel cycle and the characteristics resulting from implementing the option. It includes information on the current status and future plans for power reactors, reprocessing facilities, disposal facilities, and the status of research and development activities in several countries. It is designed for policy makers to understand the differences among the fuel cycle options in a way that is concise, understandable, and based on the existing technologies, while keeping technical discussions to a minimum.
    DOI: 10.1787/3d5dfbd9-en
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  • 58
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    Small Modular Reactors : Challenges and Opportunities (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264651456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are gaining recognition among policymakers and industry players as a promising nuclear technology. SMRs can be defined as nuclear reactors with a power output between 10 MWe and 300 MWe that incorporate by design higher modularisation, standardisation and factory-based construction levels enabling more predictable delivery models based on the economies of series. Today, more than 50 concepts are under development covering a wide range of technology approaches and maturity levels. The value proposition of the SMR technology also includes potential financing and system integration benefits. These attractive features, however, rely on a business case that requires the development of a global SMR market to become economically viable. Large-scale deployment of SMRs faces several technical, economic, regulatory and supply chain challenges and will need considerable governmental efforts and efficient international collaborative frameworks to be realised in the next decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/18fbb76c-en
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  • 59
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    Long-Term Management and Actions for a Severe Accident in a Nuclear Power Plant : Status Report (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264988507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: As the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident illustrates, many challenges have to be faced in maintaining safety over the long term in a damaged NPP following a severe accident. These comprise maintaining and monitoring a stabilised and controlled state of the damaged plant; implementing provisions against further failures; evaluating the plant damaged state from a physical and radiological standpoint and ranking related risks; preparing and achieving fuel retrieval (either fuel assemblies stored in spent fuel pools or fuel debris from damaged reactors); and managing safely plant recovery and accident waste. All these actions are to be conducted protecting plant personnel from radiation exposure. This status report reviews knowledge and experience gained through long-term management (LTM) of the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi accidents, by identifying and ranking main issues and knowledge gaps. It also reviews the existing regulations and guidance, practices, technical bases and issues considered in member countries of the Nuclear Energy Agency regarding LTM of a severely damaged nuclear site. Finally, it proposes recommendations and areas for future investigation to enhance LTM of an NPP as regards necessary knowledge and provisions development, particularly for the optimisation of management of contaminated cooling waters.
    DOI: 10.1787/81244092-en
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  • 60
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    Nuclear Safety Research Support Facilities for Existing and Advanced Reactors : 2021 Update (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264414976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Experimental facilities in nuclear energy are key to addressing safety issues. The recent loss of some critical infrastructure, from facilities to industry expertise, has therefore become a concern for many countries. In response, the NEA has launched several efforts to address the matter as outlined in this report. Current safety issues, research needs and research facilities associated with currently operating water-cooled reactors in NEA countries are all addressed. Also included is an assessment of the present needs to maintain experimental databases. The Senior Group of Experts on Nuclear Safety Research, which produced this update of the 2007 report on the same issue, noted the success of previous reviews in helping maintain critical infrastructure and make a number of recommendations to preserve key research facilities and capabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/deb42707-en
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  • 61
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    List of correspondents to the Nuclear Law Bulletin (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/94d2d2a0-en
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  • 62
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    Intergovernmental organisation activities (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/003be9be-en
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    Slovak legal system for ensuring feasible nuclear back-end system implementation (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: In the 70-plus years of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the nuclear industry has reached a mature awareness of its importance, influence and responsibility for and towards the world. Not only does it dutifully regulate itself in technical aspects, making the use of nuclear energy stricter and safer by any and all means possible, it also establishes policies, backed by legislation, for its decades-long activities. Thus, the industry has recognised the need to systematically approach and solve the issue of complete dismantling of its (previously operating) facilities and final disposal of the operational and decommissioning waste (including spent nuclear fuel (SNF)1). This sought end state must be reached both by technical means as well as by creating a sound system for today’s continuous accumulation of funds, needed for the future implementation of the selected technical solution (including final disposal of SNF).
    DOI: 10.1787/1671fd4e-en
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    Environmental impact assessments and long-term operation of nuclear power reactors: Increasing importance of environmental protection in the European Union? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Over the last decades, the world has become increasingly mindful of the potential impact of human activities on the environment and many governments have recognised the need to better assess the potential impacts of such activities prior to their authorisation. Legal requirements to perform environmental impact assessments (EIA) for activities likely to have environmental effects have been enacted under national, European and international law and have gained the status of international customary law.1 Due to the nature of the risks posed by the civilian use of nuclear energy on human health and the environment, it has become a requirement in most – if not all – countries that an EIA be performed prior to authorising the construction and operation of any nuclear installation, including nuclear power reactors.
    DOI: 10.1787/876b25d1-en
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    News Briefs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/b8284fee-en
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  • 66
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    National Legislative and Regulatory Activities (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/90cebe52-en
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  • 67
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    Documents and Legal Texts (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/4caf2b2e-en
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    Case Law (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    DOI: 10.1787/69c979d0-en
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  • 69
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    Forging a clear path for advanced reactor licensing in the United States: Approaches to streamlining the NRC environmental review process (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2020, no. 2 | volume:2020 | year:2020 | number:2
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2020, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The agency expects to receive a number of complex applications for advanced reactor designs in the near future. Congress recently passed legislation seeking to streamline our safety review for such applications, suggesting that the efficient and effective review of these applications is a national priority. However, commenters remain concerned that without similar efforts to seek efficiency in our NEPA process, these efforts will prove ineffective. They note that the length and cost of our existing NEPA process pose a steep and potentially insurmountable obstacle to advanced reactors.”
    DOI: 10.1787/f32d76df-en
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    mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781482214802
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (754 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: An in-depth overview of the emerging concept; Mobile Health (mHealth), mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals links applications and technologies to key market and vendor players. It also highlights interdependencies and synergies between various stakeholders which drive the research forces behind mHealth. The book explores the trends and directions where this vertical market is headed. Divided into nine sections, the book covers a number of multidisciplinary verticals within the field of mHealth such as: Preventive and curative medicine Consumer and patient-centric approaches Psychological, behavioral, and mental verticals Social perspectives Education, adoption, and acceptance Aged care and the aging population Regional, geographical, and public-health perspectives Technology implications Cloud applications The book collates emerging and diverse mHealth applications into a single resource. The result of extensive research, the book is a collaborative effort between experts from more than 20 countries, who have been carefully reviewed and selected by the team of reviewers. It takes a multidisciplinary approach to health informatics and provides a roadmap to current and future directions of mHealth.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 1, 2099) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 71
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    Artificial Intelligence Trends for Data Analytics Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000179538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (250 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI), when incorporated with machine learning and deep learning algorithms, has a wide variety of applications today. This book focuses on the implementation of various elementary and advanced approaches in AI that can be used in various domains to solve real-time decision-making problems. The book focuses on concepts and techniques used to run tasks in an automated manner. It discusses computational intelligence in the detection and diagnosis of clinical and biomedical images, covers the automation of a system through machine learning and deep learning approaches, presents data analytics and mining for decision-support applications, and includes case-based reasoning, natural language processing, computer vision, and AI approaches in real-time applications. Academic scientists, researchers, and students in the various domains of computer science engineering, electronics and communication engineering, and information technology, as well as industrial engineers, biomedical engineers, and management, will find this book useful. By the end of this book, you will understand the fundamentals of AI. Various case studies will develop your adaptive thinking to solve real-time AI problems. Features Includes AI-based decision-making approaches Discusses computational intelligence in the detection and diagnosis of clinical and biomedical images Covers automation of systems through machine learning and deep learning approaches and its implications to the real world Presents data analytics and mining for decision-support applications Offers case-based reasoning
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed October 7, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Partial Differential Equations (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000337280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (12 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Differential equations play a noticeable role in engineering, physics, economics, and other disciplines. They permit us to model changing forms in both mathematical and physical problems. These equations are precisely used when a deterministic relation containing some continuously varying quantities and their rates of change in space and/or time is recognized or postulated. This book is intended to provide a straightforward introduction to the concept of partial differential equations. It provides a diversity of numerical examples framed to nurture the intellectual level of scholars. It includes enough examples to provide students with a clear concept and also offers short questions for comprehension. Construction of real-life problems is considered in the last chapter along with applications. Research scholars and students working in the fields of engineering, physics, and different branches of mathematics need to learn the concepts of partial differential equations to solve their problems. This book will serve their needs instead of having to use more complex books that contain more concepts than needed.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 28, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Commercializing Nanotechnology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9780429524349
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (68 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Commercializing Nanotechnology: A Roadmap to Taking Nanoproducts from Laboratory to Market provides a step-by-step roadmap for taking the results of laboratory research on nanotechnology and nanomaterials and developing them into successful and profitable commercial ventures. It details the methodology, techniques, and pathways for technology-readiness assessment, testing protocols, and commercialization, and it discusses manufacturing techniques, including their limitations and challenges. Provides methodology, techniques, and pathways for technology-readiness assessment, testing protocols, and commercialization Offers general direction and assistance to researchers Describes manufacturing techniques, including their limitations and challenges Discusses intellectual property protection Provides details on market opportunities This book is aimed at scientists and engineers, including chemists, physicists, economists, medical practitioners, managers, marketers, traders, investors, and entrepreneurs in the fields of nanoscience, nanomedicine, nanoengineering, and nanomanufacturing.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 15, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 74
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    Blockchain Technology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000216813
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (240 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book presents a detailed exploration of adaption and implementation, as well as a 360-degree view spectrum of blockchain technologies in real-world business applications. Blockchain is gaining momentum in all sectors. This book offers a collection of protocol standards, issues, security improvements, applicability, features, and types of cryptocurrency in processing and through 5G technology. The book covers the evolution of blockchain from fundamental theories to present forms. It offers diversified business applications with usable case studies and provides successful implementations in cloud/edge computing, smart city, and IoT. The book emphasizes the advances and cutting-edge technologies along with the different tools and platforms. The primary audience for this book includes industry experts, researchers, graduates and under graduates, practitioners, and business managers who are engaged in blockchain and IoT-related technologies.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 9, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 75
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    The Internet of Materials (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000194340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (346 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: State-of-the-art, flat structures called metasurfaces can filter and steer light and sound, render an object completely invisible to electromagnetic waves, and much more. They can deliver automation, remote operation, and advanced performance to a wide variety of existing systems, with applications in communications, medical imaging, sensing, and security. However, for non-specialists, individual metasurfaces are currently restricted to limited reusability and accessibility. This book brings together various scientific disciplines with the aim of outlining a programmable ‘plug-and-play’ metasurface. The book focuses on a recently proposed platform – known as the HyperSurface – that provides many electromagnetic functions of metasurfaces in a single structure, which can be controlled and reconfigured by software. This revolutionary approach paves the way for new opportunities in wireless communications and programmable wireless environments: HyperSurfaces could link networks with objects and physical environments and create smarter systems that are far more responsive to user demands. Walls that absorb radiation or block digital eavesdropping, and wireless, long-distance charging of devices are among the many possibilities. The book aspires to provide the foundational knowledge for creating an Internet of Materials, enabling smart environments at any scale – from indoor wireless communications to medical imaging equipment. Although the set of disciplines involved covers a considerable span, we hope that the material will benefit experts and students alike.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 3, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 76
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    Internet of Things (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000291674
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (210 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: IoT is empowered by various technologies used to detect, gather, store, act, process, transmit, oversee, and examine information. The combination of emergent technologies for information processing and distributed security, such as Cloud computing, Artificial intelligence, and Blockchain, brings new challenges in addressing distributed security methods that form the foundation of improved and eventually entirely new products and services. As systems interact with each other, it is essential to have an agreed interoperability standard, which is safe and valid. This book aims at providing an introduction by illustrating state-of-the-art security challenges and threats in IoT and the latest developments in IoT with Cloud, AI, and Blockchain security challenges. Various application case studies from domains such as science, engineering, and healthcare are introduced, along with their architecture and how they leverage various technologies Cloud, AI, and Blockchain. This book provides a comprehensive guide to researchers and students to design IoT integrated AI, Cloud, and Blockchain projects and to have an overview of the next generation challenges that may arise in the coming years.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 29, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Critical Thinking (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
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    ISBN: 9781000076585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (69 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Mistakes occur for many reasons. This book takes a hands-on approach to the reasons mistakes happen, analyzes the actual mistakes, and develops a strategy to reduce them. This book proposes error reduction strategies in human decision making and educates the reader to further reduce the likelihood of making a mistake. It provides error reduction strategies, describes various cost-effective methods for eliminating costly errors, and discusses Anthropometry, Crew Resource Management, Human Factors, Industrial Engineering, Scientific Management, and Usability and the role these topics play in the avoidance of mistakes. This book will be of interest to professionals and students in the areas of industrial engineering, human factors, logistics, quality control, manufacturing, human resources, and safety.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 20, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 78
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    AI in Manufacturing and Green Technology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000171891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (152 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book focuses on environmental sustainability by employing elements of engineering and green computing through modern educational concepts and solutions. It visualizes the potential of artificial intelligence, enhanced by business activities and strategies for rapid implementation, in manufacturing and green technology. This book covers utilization of renewable resources and implementation of the latest energy-generation technologies. It discusses how to save natural resources from depletion and illustrates facilitation of green technology in industry through usage of advanced materials. The book also covers environmental sustainability and current trends in manufacturing. The book provides the basic concepts of green technology, along with the technology aspects, for researchers, faculty, and students.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed October 20, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 79
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    Strategic Environmental Performance (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
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    ISBN: 9781000223699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (314 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Protecting our environment has never been more important than it is today in the wake of climate change and the ever-increasing demand on natural resources due to the expanding world population. Environmental protection has been increasingly discussed by concerned citizen groups and politicians in the wake of unexpected environmental disasters that have occurred in recent years. The need to protect drinking water resources, control greenhouse gas emissions, and implement successful waste reduction practices will continue to gain visibility with growing social awareness. Environmental managers and leaders can all benefit from this comprehensive and strategic book which guides them through environmental regulatory requirements and methods that can be used to interpret the regulations, develop programs, and processes to ensure compliance. The book includes a Tool Kit containing resources that can assist a company in assessing and evaluating the strength of their environmental program, systems, and processes so that changes can be made before damages to the environment becomes a reality, and penalties are enforced.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 18, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 80
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    Millimeter Wave Antennas for 5G Mobile Terminals and Base Stations (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
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    ISBN: 9781000223668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (242 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book discusses antenna designs for handheld devices as well as base stations. The book serves as a reference and a handy guide for graduate students and PhD students involved in the field of millimeter wave antenna design. It also gives insights to designers and practicing engineers who are actively engaged in design of antennas for future 5G devices. It offers an in-depth study, performance analysis and extensive characterization of novel antennas for 5G applications. The reader will learn about basic design methodology and techniques to develop antennas for 5G applications including concepts of path loss compensation, co-design of commercial 4G antennas with millimeter wave 5G antennas and antennas used in phase array and pattern diversity modules. Practical examples included in the book will help readers to build high performance antennas for 5G subsystems/systems using low cost technology. Key Features Provides simple design methodology of different antennas for handheld devices as well as base stations for 5G applications. Concept of path loss compensation introduced. Co-design of commercial 4G antennas with millimetre wave 5G antennas presented. Comparison of phased array versus pattern diversity modules discussed in detail. Fabrication and Measurement challenges at mmWaves and Research Avenues in antenna designs for 5G and beyond presented. Shiban Kishen Koul is an emeritus professor at the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He served as the chairman of Astra Microwave Products Limited, Hyderabad from 2009-2018. He is a Life Fellow of the Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE), USA, a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE), and a Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE). Karthikeya G S worked as an assistant professor in Visvesvaraya technological university from 2013 to 2016 and completed his PhD from the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in Dec.2019. He is a member of IEEE-Antenna Propagation Society and Antenna Test and Measurement society.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 24, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 81
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    Journey from Natural Numbers to Complex Numbers (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
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    ISBN: 9781000299632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (80 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book is for those interested in number systems, abstract algebra, and analysis. It provides an understanding of negative and fractional numbers with theoretical background and explains rationale of irrational and complex numbers in an easy to understand format. This book covers the fundamentals, proof of theorems, examples, definitions, and concepts. It explains the theory in an easy and understandable manner and offers problems for understanding and extensions of concept are included. The book provides concepts in other fields and includes an understanding of handling of numbers by computers. Research scholars and students working in the fields of engineering, science, and different branches of mathematics will find this book of interest, as it provides the subject in a clear and concise way.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 3, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    Cloud Computing Security, 2nd Edition (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
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    ISBN: 9780429619649
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (522 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of cloud computing security technology and implementation while exploring practical solutions to a wide range of cloud computing security issues. As more organizations use cloud computing and cloud providers for data operations, the need for proper security in these and other potentially vulnerable areas has become a global priority for organizations of all sizes. Research efforts from academia and industry, as conducted and reported by experts in all aspects of security related to cloud computing, are gathered within one reference guide. Features • Covers patching and configuration vulnerabilities of a cloud server • Evaluates methods for data encryption and long-term storage in a cloud server • Demonstrates how to verify identity using a certificate chain and how to detect inappropriate changes to data or system configurations John R. Vacca is an information technology consultant and internationally known author of more than 600 articles in the areas of advanced storage, computer security, and aerospace technology. John was also a configuration management specialist, computer specialist, and the computer security official (CSO) for NASA’s space station program (Freedom) and the International Space Station Program from 1988 until his retirement from NASA in 1995.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 9, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
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    ISBN: 9781000702729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (454 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: 21st Century Nanoscience - A Handbook: Nanophotonics, Nanoelectronics, and Nanoplasmonics (Volume 6) will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Handbook of Nanophysics by the same editor published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This sixth volume in a ten-volume set covers nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanoplasmonics. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasises presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 26, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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    2D Game Development with Unity (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000259513
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (428 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book teaches beginners and aspiring game developers how to develop 2D games with Unity. Thousands of commercial games have been built with Unity. The reader will learn the complete process of 2D game development, step by step. The theory behind each step is fully explained. This book contains numerous color illustrations and access to all source code and companion videos. Key Features: Fully detailed game projects from scratch. Beginners can do the steps and create games right away. No coding experience is necessary. Numerous examples take a raw beginner toward professional coding proficiency in C# and Unity. Includes a thorough introduction to Unity 2020, including 2D game development, prefabs, cameras, animation, character controllers, lighting, and sound. Includes a step-by-step introduction to Unity 2019.3. Extensive coverage of GIMP, Audacity, and MuseScore for the creation of 2D graphics, sound effects, and music. All required software is free to use for any purpose including commercial applications and games. Franz Lanzinger is the owner and chief game developer of Lanzinger Studio, an independent game development and music studio in Sunnyvale, California. He started his career in game programming in 1982 at Atari Games, Inc., where he designed and programmed the classic arcade game Crystal Castles . In 1989, he joined Tengen, where he was a programmer and designer for Ms. Pac-Man and Toobin' on the NES. He co-founded Bitmasters, where he designed and coded games including Rampart and Championship Pool for the NES and SNES, and NCAA Final Four Basketball for the SNES and Sega Genesis. In 1996, he founded Actual Entertainment, publisher and developer of the Gubble video game series. He has a B.Sc. in mathematics from the University of Notre Dame and attended graduate school in mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley. He is a former world record holder on Centipede and Burgertime . He is a professional author, game developer, accompanist, and piano teacher. He is currently working on remaking the original Gubble game in Unity and Blender.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 8, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 85
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    Scientific Methods Used in Research and Writing (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000299717
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (60 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Research publications, projects, and teaching learning theories have become very important to universities, institutions, organizations, and industries. Many submissions are rejected due to author's lack of writing and research skills. This new book provides a quick, basic starting point to learning the needed skills. The book discusses the statistical methods involved, covers the development of academic writing skills for a higher impact, teaches learning theories, and uses a structured and holistic approach for educational research proposal development. This book will be used by research scholars, undergraduates, postgraduates, and anyone interested in engineering and learning the basic academic writing skills and scientific methods needed.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 1, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 86
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    Recent Advancements in Graph Theory (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000210200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (392 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Graph Theory is a branch of discrete mathematics. It has many applications to many different areas of Science and Engineering. This book provides the most up-to-date research findings and applications in Graph Theory. This book focuses on the latest research in Graph Theory. It provides recent findings that are occurring in the field, offers insights on an international and transnational levels, identifies the gaps in the results, and includes forthcoming international studies and research, along with its applications in Networking, Computer Science, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, etc. The book is written with researchers and post graduate students in mind.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 9, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 87
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    Safety Metrics for the Modern Safety Professional (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000227239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (142 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book investigates the world of leading indicators and explores how they can be used effectively, providing 21st-century safety professionals with alternative metrics and guidance, which will enable them to make a difference in managing risk within an organization. The safety and health profession has been hindered by ineffective metrics for decades, with the primary metrics of choice being the OSHA incident rate and lost time accident rate. This narrow focus on what constitutes loss is not in line with the new concepts of managing the total risk that an organization faces. The book looks at indicators on a tactical level where they can be very effective in providing management with clear direction and "manageable" items they can utilize to elevate the safety efforts of an organization. It also explores the limitations of leading indicators at the strategic level and how they’re tied into the management merit review system to determine bonus and salary increase structures. It features measurements of areas of loss not usually considered by safety managers, suggests ways to use leading indicators, and promotes a departure from traditional "body count" thinking. This book will be of interest to safety professionals involved in risk management in the modern workplace.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 24, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 88
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    Printed Antennas (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000218275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (440 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Printed antennas have become an integral part of next-generation wireless communications and have been found to be commonly used to improve system capacity, data rate, reliability, etc. This book covers theory, design techniques, and the chronological regression of the printed antennas for various applications. This book will provide readers with the basic conceptual knowledge about antennas along with advanced techniques for antenna design. It covers a variety of analytical techniques and their CAD applications and discusses new applications of printed antenna technology such as sensing. The authors also present special reconfigurable antennas such as ME dipole, polarization, feeding, and DGS. The book will be useful to students as an introduction to design and applications of antennas. Additionally, experienced researchers in this field will find this book a ready reference and benefit from the techniques of research in printed antennas included in this book. Following are some of the salient features of this book: Covers a variety of analytical techniques and their CAD applications Discusses new applications of printed antenna technology such as sensing Examines the state of design techniques of printed antenna Presents special reconfigurable antennas such as ME dipole, polarization, feeding, and DGS
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 22, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 89
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    Topics in Contemporary Mathematical Analysis and Applications (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000204278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (324 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Topics in Contemporary Mathematical Analysis and Applications encompasses several contemporary topics in the field of mathematical analysis, their applications, and relevancies in other areas of research and study. The readers will find developments concerning the topics presented to a reasonable extent with various new problems for further study. Each chapter carefully presents the related problems and issues, methods of solutions, and their possible applications or relevancies in other scientific areas. Aims at enriching the understanding of methods, problems, and applications Offers an understanding of research problems by presenting the necessary developments in reasonable details Discusses applications and uses of operator theory, fixed-point theory, inequalities, bi-univalent functions, functional equations, and scalar-objective programming, and presents various associated problems and ways to solve such problems This book is written for individual researchers, educators, students, and department libraries.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 22, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 90
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    AI-Powered IoT for COVID-19 (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000298048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (198 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has made revolutionary advances in the utility grid as we know it. Among these advances, intelligent medical services are gaining much interest. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasing day after day in fighting one of the most significant viruses, COVID-19. The purpose of this book is to present the detailed recent exploration of AI and IoT in the COVID-19 pandemic and similar applications. The integrated AI and IoT paradigm is widely used in most medical applications, as well as in sectors that deal with transacting data every day. This book can be used by computer science undergraduate and postgraduate students; researchers and practitioners; and city administrators, policy makers, and government regulators. It presents a smart and up-to-date model for COVID-19 and similar applications. Novel architectural and medical use cases in the smart city project are the core aspects of this book. The wide variety of topics it presents offers readers multiple perspectives on a variety of disciplines. Prof. Dr. Fadi Al-Turjman received his PhD in computer science from Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in 2011. He is a full professor and research center director at Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 10, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 91
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    Green Information and Communication Systems for a Sustainable Future (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000207590
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (258 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Green Information and Communication Systems for a Sustainable Future covers the fundamental concepts, applications, algorithms, protocols, new trends, challenges, and research results in the area of Green Information and Communication Systems. This book provides the reader with up-to-date information on core and specialized issues, making it highly suitable for both the novice and the experienced researcher in the field. The book covers theoretical and practical perspectives on network design. It includes how green ICT initiatives and applications can play a major role in reducing CO2 emissions, and focuses on industry and how it can promote awareness and implementation of Green ICT. The book discusses scholarship and research in green and sustainable IT for business and organizations and uses the power of IT to usher sustainability into other parts of an organization. Business and management educators, management researchers, doctoral scholars, university teaching personnel and policy makers as well as members of higher academic research organizations will all discover this book to be an indispensable guide to Green Information and Communication Systems. It will also serve as a key resource for Industrial and Management training organizations all over the world.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 18, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 92
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    Circular Economy for the Management of Operations (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000318951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (274 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Circular-Economy is a new concept in operations management. Its goal is to redefine growth, focusing on positive benefits arising for society as a whole out of efficiencies such as designing waste out the operations process. This book will help practitioners use the proper strategy for effective adoption of Circular practices to use in their organization. Features: Provides a complete understanding of Circular-Economy practices Offers advanced mathematical models to help industry management adopt the correct practices Presents a deep understanding of cross-functional and customer-focused design thinking Covers how to develop sustainable practices in all types of activities within operations management. Circular Economy for the Management of Operations will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in engineering as well as business management
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 15, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 93
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    A Moving Subject (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000206708
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (130 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Description: A Moving Subject offers a collection of essays from around the world. From Italy to the Middle East, from an analysis of A Night on Bald Mountain to African cinema animation, these essays help to paint the world of animation in a comprehensive and international manner. Handpicked by renowned animation historian and researcher Giannalberto Bendazzi, this book offers a look at the global foundations of animation from disparate regions, peoples and methods, and helps to demonstrate animation as a unifying factor of the human race. Key Features: A fresh perspective on animation from a global lens A new look into traditional animation produced from around the world Essays that reflect on the nature of colour, animation and light Author: A former professor at the Nanyang Technological University of Singapore and the Università degli Studi of Milan, Italian-born Giannalberto Bendazzi has thoroughly investigated the history of animation for more than forty years. A founding member of the Society for Animation Studies, he has authored or edited various classics in various languages and has lectured extensively on every continent. He received an honorary doctorate from Lisbon University in 2019.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 22, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 94
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    Urban High-Resolution Remote Sensing (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781000287714
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (344 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: With urbanization as a global phenomenon, there is a need for data and information about these terrains. Urban remote sensing techniques provide critical physical input and intelligence for preparing base maps, formulating planning proposals, and monitoring implementations. Likewise these methodologies help with understanding the biophysical properties, patterns, and process of urban landscapes, as well as mapping and monitoring urban land cover and spatial extent. Advanced sensor technologies and image processing methodologies such as deep learning, data mining, etc., facilitate the wide applications of remote sensing technology in urban areas. This book presents advanced image processing methods and algorithms focused on three very important roots of urban remote sensing: 3D urban modelling using different remotely sensed data, urban orthophotomap generation, and urban feature extraction, which are also today’s real challenges in high resolution remote sensing. Data generated by remote sensing, with its repetitive and synoptic viewing and multispectral capabilities, constitutes a powerful tool for mapping and monitoring emerging changes in the city's urban core, as well as in peripheral areas. Features: Provides advances in emerging methods and algorithms in image processing and technology Uses algorithms and methodologies for handling high-resolution imagery from a ground sampling distance (GSD) less than 1.0 meter Focuses on 3D urban modelling, orthorectification methodologies, and urban feature extraction algorithms from high-resolution remotely sensed imagery Demonstrates how to apply up-to-date techniques to the problems identified and how to analyze research results Presents methods and algorithms for monitoring, analyzing, and modeling urban growth, urban planning, and socio-economic developments In this book, readers are provided with valuable research studies and applications-oriented chapters in areas such as urban trees, soil moisture mapping, city transportation, urban remote sensing big data, etc.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 21, 2020) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 95
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    Management and Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste : Global Progress and Solutions (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264643277
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste results from many different activities in health care, industry, research, and power production. All such waste must be managed safely, with the protection of human health and the environment as the highest priority. After decades of research, the international scientific community is now confident that placing high-level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories (DGRs) is both safe and effective. The government of each country has the absolute right and responsibility to implement the energy and environmental policies it believes are best. In the case of the disposal of radioactive waste, it is paramount that these debates should be informed by objective facts. This report therefore aims to provide the general reader with the current state of knowledge with regards to the management of high-level radioactive waste in DGRs.
    DOI: 10.1787/33f65af2-en
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  • 96
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    Specifications for the Generalised Nuclear Database Structure (GNDS) : Version 1.9 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264901971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (342 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Knowledge of basic nuclear physics data is essential for the modelling and safe operation of all types of nuclear facilities. The de fact international standard format, Evaluated Nuclear Data File 6 (ENDF-6) format, was designed originally for 1960s era punch-card readers. The replacement of the system of codes built off this format has been recognised as an important initiative. The ability to use increasingly high-fidelity nuclear physics, coupled to accurate uncertainties, is crucial for advanced simulations. This in turn requires more detailed and accurate data, then requiring improvements to the data storage standards, simultaneously enabling robust Quality Assurance and transfer of knowledge to the next generation. In 2013, the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) launched a project to review the requirements for an international replacement for ENDF-6. The recommendations prompted the creation of a new Expert Group on a Generalised Nuclear Data Structure (GNDS) in 2016 that has used these requirements as the framework for a new format specification. Following rigorous international review, version 1.9 was unanimously approved as the first official published format.
    DOI: 10.1787/94d5e451-en
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  • 97
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    Challenges in Nuclear and Radiological Legacy Site Management : Towards a Common Regulatory Framework (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Many countries are dealing with challenges stemming from nuclear and radiological legacy sites. In particular, managing these sites in an open and transparent fashion while taking into account the views of all relevant stakeholders and building confidence in the solutions adopted is an ongoing challenge. This report provides information on the challenges and lessons learnt in legacy management and regulation based on practical experience documented in 13 case studies and site visits conducted by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. A preliminary framework for a stepwise process to help reach an accepted and sustainable end-state is proposed based on this experience. The complex challenges and interactions among stakeholders in progressing in a harmonised, step-by-step manner are also examined in depth. The report concludes with recommendations for future international collaborative work to improve and test the preliminary framework, and to examine and address the complexity of the relevant interactions.
    DOI: 10.1787/ccb40709-en
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    Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System for Operating Experience 2015-2017 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264697201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The International Reporting System for Operating Experience (IRS) is an essential system for the international exchange of information on safety related events at nuclear power plants worldwide. The fundamental objective of the IRS is to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants through the sharing of timely and detailed information on such events, and the lessons that can be learnt from them, to reduce the chance of recurrence at other plants. The first edition of this publication covered safety related events reported between 1996 and 1999. This seventh edition covers the 2015-2017 period and highlights important lessons learnt from a review of the 246 event reports received from participating states during those years. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
    DOI: 10.1787/2bdd0383-en
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  • 99
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    Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations : Final Report of the RK&M Initiative (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264808454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste repositories are designed to isolate waste from the living environment without human intervention over extended periods of time. Nevertheless, the intention is not to abandon the repositories, but to provide the oversight that is necessary to ensure that they are not forgotten by society. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency launched the international initiative “Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations”. As a result, an in-depth understanding of this issue was developed, as well as a specific methodology to address it. The RK&M preservation toolbox, for example, offers a menu with 35 different preservation mechanisms and guidelines on how to combine and implement them. This report may be used as a general guide to the RK&M preservation topic. It presents a historical review, addresses ethical considerations, analyses the fundamentals of RK&M preservation, outlines various mechanisms and indicates how to develop these mechanisms into a systemic RK&M preservation strategy. The report aims to inspire and assist a variety of actors so that they can discuss and develop national and repository-specific RK&M preservation strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/50292bbb-en
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  • 100
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    Unlocking Reductions in the Construction Costs of Nuclear : A Practical Guide for Stakeholders (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264751354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Today, with the completion of First-of-a-Kind Gen-III nuclear reactors, the nuclear sector is at a critical juncture. These reactors have led in several parts of the world to delays and construction costs overruns that have challenged the competitiveness of nuclear power and are driving the risk perception of future projects. Against this background, a review of historical and recent lessons learnt from nuclear and non-nuclear project offers ample evidence that nuclear new build can be delivered cost and time-effectively. This study assesses the policy and governance frameworks needed to drive positive learning and continuous industrial performance for nuclear new build. The study also explores the risk allocation and mitigation priorities needed to define adequate financing schemes for these projects. In the longer-term, it identifies cost reduction opportunities associated with the harmonisation of code and standards and licensing regimes and new innovative designs (i.e. small modular reactors and advanced reactors).
    DOI: 10.1787/33ba86e1-en
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