The nuclear industry recognises the need for a present-day solution to the future needs in decommissioning and spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management. The end state for spent fuel and radioactive waste must be reached by future technical capabilities, but executable based on today’s sound legal system for decades of fund accumulation. Strictly perceived through the perspective of technical implementation, all existing nuclear facilities can be decommissioned by today’s means. Funding, however, is the issue. Each country sets up different systems to ensure financing and implementation of these projects. The adoption of various nuclear back-end strategies results from each country’s different legal system, economic ability and the national nuclear industry’s historic development.