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  • English  (222)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (222)
  • International Business Machines Corporation International Technical Support Organization
  • Finance and Investment  (123)
  • Urban, Rural and Regional Development  (56)
  • Agriculture and Food  (45)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264168626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Strategic transport infrastructure needs to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: -2030 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Bedarfsplanung
    Abstract: Transcontinental Infrastructure Needs to 2030/50 explores the long-term opportunities and challenges facing major gateway and transport hub infrastructures -- ports, airports and major rail corridors – in the coming decades. The report uses projections and scenarios to assess the broader economic outlook and future infrastructure requirements, and examines the options for financing these, not least against the backdrop of the economic recession and financial crisis which have significantly modified the risks and potential rewards associated with major infrastructure projects. Building on numerous in-depth case studies from Europe, North America and Asia, the report offers insights into the economic prospects for these key facilities and identifies policy options for improved gateway and corridor infrastructure in the future.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264167001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Institutional and financial relations across levels of government
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Dezentralisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: As financial markets put more and more pressure on governments to reduce their deficits and debts, sub-central levels of government are a key player in the implementation of national strategies. The room for manoeuvre to implement consolidations strategies coordinated across levels of government highly depends on the institutional structure of intergovernmental relations, and the effectiveness of their multi-level governance structure. This was already the case for recovery strategies, in the beginning of the crisis. This report provides an overview of the institutional and financial relations across levels of government that enables policymakers evaluate their position and identify good practices for mobilizing sub-central governments for national growth, equity and stability objectives. This report is divided into two parts: the first part is analytical and the second part provides institutional and quantitative country information and comparisons.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264167445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving agricultural knowledge and innovation systems
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissensbasiertes System ; Innovation ; Landwirtschaft
    Abstract: This conference proceedings from the OECD Conference on Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS), held in Paris, on 15-17 June 2011, discusses a large range of experiences and approaches to AKS explores how to foster development and adoption of innovation to meet global food security and climate change challenges. The conference considered developments in institutional frameworks, public and private roles and partnerships, regulatory frameworks conducive to innovation, the adoption of innovations and technology transfers, and the responsiveness of AKS to broader policy objectives.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264167513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD International drivers of corruption
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Weltwirtschaft ; Globalisierung ; Korruption
    Abstract: Corruption and other governance problems result primarily from processes generated within the domestic political economy. There are major international factors, however, that interact with domestic processes: international drivers of corruption. This report introduces an analytical tool to help readers understand how these international drivers of corruption affect governance and corruption at the country level. It provides a means for identifying those drivers that matter most for domestic governance, as well as opportunities for international actors to work more effectively to improve governance in specific country contexts.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264097629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Nordeuropa ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Faroe Islands ; Greenland ; Iceland ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Regionalentwicklung ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: The North Atlantic (NORA) region is a transnational area comprising the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the coastal counties of Norway. These territories are linked by shared characteristics and challenges, as well as by historical, institutional and cultural links. Improving accessibility to the region, ensuring sustainable development of its fisheries, enlarging and diversifying its economic base, and meeting the challenges of climate change are key issues. Strengthened regional co-operation can help these territories address them by exchanging know-how and best practices, pooling resources and reaching economies of scale, improving the efficiency of public sector provision, and increasing the “voice” of the region. However, transnational co-operation in the NORA region faces some barriers, as it involves territories that compete in their main economic activities, are separated by large distances, and have strong institutional and economic links with other countries and regions. In order to get the most from transnational co-operation, this report recommends that the NORA territories: focus co-operation efforts on targeted themes and issues; draw up a regional development strategy; promote greater awareness of the benefits of co-operation; develop a “variable geometry” approach to regional co-operation; and enlarge and refine the role of the NORA institution as a facilitator of co-operation.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264096233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic diversification in Africa
    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Afrika ; Angola ; Benin ; Kenia ; Südafrika ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Afrika ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This study provides an empirical review of the role of governments, the private sector, regional economic institutions and the broader international community in driving economic diversification. Individual case studies of five African economies describe both the catalysts of and barriers to diversification. The study is published jointly by the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (UN-OSAA) and the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264094444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; England ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regionalplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264092211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.13
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The impact of the financial crisis on the insurance sector and policy responses
    Keywords: Versicherung ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: This special report assesses the impact of the crisis on the insurance sector and reviews policy responses within OECD countries. It is based to a large extent on a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire that was circulated to OECD countries in 2009. The report shows that generallythe insurance sector demonstrated resilience to the crisis, though with some variation across the OECD, and concludes with a number of policy conclusions.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264110984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Job-rich growth in Asia
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Asien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Asien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: Jobs-rich Growth in Asia discusses some of the most pressing issues that countries in Southeast Asia are facing in regard to boosting local employment and skills development while advancing social protection strategies in emerging, fast-growing labour markets. A joint OECD/ILO initiative, this book analyses local approaches in Asia to modernise labour markets and skills strategies and shows how local recovery is taking place through a combination of policy measures on employment creation, skills development and social protection.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This chapter discusses OECD member countries’ consolidation plans as of November/December 2010. The time frame for the plans ranges from 2009 to 2015. The chapter analyses current fiscal positions and announced fiscal strategies, consolidation plans, and the expenditure and revenue measures for 30 OECD member countries.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264115415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This 2011 edition of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises commits 42 countries to new, tougher standards of corporate behaviour. The updated Guidelines include new recommendations on human rights abuse and company responsibility for their supply chains, making them the first inter-governmental agreement in this area. The Guidelines establish that firms should respect human rights in every country in which they operate. Companies should also respect environmental and labour standards, for example, and have appropriate due diligence processes in place to ensure this happens. These include issues such as paying decent wages, combating bribe solicitation and extortion, and the promotion of sustainable consumption. The Guidelines are a comprehensive, non-binding code of conduct that OECD member countries and others have agreed to promote among the business sector. A new, tougher process for complaints and mediation has also been put in place.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264089907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE ; Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE : Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication complements Banking Statistics: Financial Statements of Banks 2010 which provides a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in OECD countries. In addition to information on financial statements of banks in OECD countries, it includes data on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff, structural information on the whole financial sector and ratios aiming at facilitating the analysis of bank profitability of OECD countries. The methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264100817
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benefits of investing in water and sanitation
    DDC: 628.1
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Kanalisation ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Abwasserbeseitigung
    Abstract: The provision of water supply, sanitation and wastewater services generates substantial benefits for public health, the economy and the environment. Benefit-to-cost ratios can be as high as 7 to 1 for basic water and sanitation services in developing countries. Wastewater treatment interventions, for example, generate significant benefits for public health, the environment and for certain economic sectors such as fisheries, tourism and property markets. The full magnitude of the benefits of water services is seldom considered for a number of reasons, including the difficulty in quantifying important non-economic benefits such as non-use values, dignity, social status, cleanliness and overall well-being. Also, information about the benefits of water services is usually hidden in the technical literature, where it remains invisible to key decision-makers in ministries. This report draws together and summarises existing information on the benefits of water and sanitation.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 145 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Each country note has the following structure: Section 1 gives a brief overview of the main economic developments in recent years in the relevant country including real GDP, fiscal balance and gross debt figures. This presentation is mainly based on the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a), and uses OECD definitions of general government balance and gross debt which may differ from national definitions (see Box 2.1). Section 2 presents the government’s fiscal consolidation strategies as manifested in fiscal balance and gross debt targets over the medium term, the size of the consolidation, and the composition of expenditures and revenues. Section 2 is based on information from the national authorities (or publicly available information) which may use other definitions of fiscal balance and gross debt than the OECD in Section 1. For example, most EU countries have reported such figures on a Maastricht basis. Major consolidation measures are given in Section 3, quantified to the largest extent possible in local currencies and current prices annually. Expenditure measures are split between operational and programme measures and other initiatives. Revenue measures are listed without categories. Updates and additional consolidation measures may have been adopted in member countries after the data collection ended in November/December 2010, but are outside the scope of this analysis. Table 1 summarises the government’s specific consolidation measures and their impact. The impact is given in per cent of nominal GDP, calculated by the OECD Secretariat by using nominal forecasts of GDP from the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a). Eventual pension reforms are also included in this section. Section 4 provides recent or planned institutional reforms. Table 2 summarises the government’s fiscal consolidation plan as presented in Section 2 and corresponding figures.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264082052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Catalonia, Spain
    RVK:
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Katalonien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Katalonien ; Innovationsförderung
    Abstract: This review of regional innovation assesses how to improve Catalonia's current strategy and actions in order to boost its innovation system through both its own programmes and those of Spain and the European Union. It finds that with over seven million inhabitants and a GDP of around EUR 204 billion, Catalonia is not only an important region within Spain, but within the OECD as well. Indeed, its economic output is similar to countries like Portugal and Norway. The region experienced massive population growth over the past decade, due to immigration, which in part drove GDP growth. However, Catalonia’s productivity is slipping, relative to other OECD regions, necessitating the transition to a productivity-driven growth model through a stronger regional innovation system. The region has successfully strengthened its research base, with investments in R&D having increased four-fold over the past decade. Catalonia is now mobilising actors across the innovation system in regional centres, such as Barcelona, to improve productivity and address social challenges.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264082151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales; Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales: Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Québec ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's review of rural policy in Quebec. It finds that in rural Québec, both population and personal income are growing, on average, and the province’s economic base continues to diversify. Land occupancy is more homogenous than in the rest of Canada, due to the presence of denser networks of small and medium-sized communities. However, mirroring the situation at the national level, the province displays large regional disparities. The sustainability of some rural communities, especially if remote and resource-based, is challenged by demographic and economic decline. In this context, Québec has developed one of the most advanced rural policy approaches in the OECD, closely in line with the framework suggested in the OECD’s New Rural Paradigm. The province’s rural policy does not have a sectoral focus, and aims at community empowerment and land occupancy. To maximize returns on its rural policy investments, Québec needs to integrate social development more strongly with economic and entrepreneurial development, and further strengthen the supra-local level of government as the centre for rural and territorial development strategies. This should be combined with stabilisation measures in lagging areas, through the accumulation of human capital and enhanced access to land in predominantly rural territories. To address environmental challenges, natural resources should be protected both in the outskirts of metropolitan zones and in remote areas.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264087255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional development policies in OECD countries
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Policy makers need both a handy reference guide to the regional policies of their own and other countries and a broader analysis of trends in regional policies, based on sound, comparable information. Regional Policies in OECD Countries responds to this need. It is the first systematic, comparative analysis of OECD countries’ regional policies. The report addresses fundamental regional policy concerns, such as: problem recognition; the objectives of regional policy; the legal/institutional framework; the urban/rural framework; budget structures; and the governance mechanisms linking national and sub-national governments as well as sectors. It begins with an overview of the regional policy today. This is followed by country profiles covering the 31 OECD members. The profiles share a common conceptual framework, allowing countries to see how their experiences measure up. The report also contains several annexes, which cover some of the countries that are candidates for accession to the OECD or with which the OECD has enhanced engagement. The annexes also cover the key topics of cross-border cooperation and trends in urban-rural linkages, especially efforts to control urban sprawl. The report will help countries to better understand regional policies and to formulate and diffuse horizontal policy recommendations. The analysis suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping sustainable endogenous development, in particular well-developed governance mechanisms to better respond to the different opportunities and demands of regions and to improve policy efficiency. This report is a unique source of regional policy information and of special interest to policy makers, researchers, and others engaging with regional development.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264091375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities and climate change
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Klima ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Klima ; Klimakatastrophe ; Klimaveränderung ; Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. At the same time, better urban planning and policies can reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the resilience of urban infrastructure to climate change, thus shaping future trends. This book shows how city and metropolitan regional governments working in tandem with national governments can change the way we think about responding to climate change. The chapters analyse: trends in urbanisation, economic growth, energy use and climate change; the economic benefits of climate action; the role of urban policies in reducing energy demand, improving resilience to climate change and complementing global climate policies; frameworks for multilevel governance of climate change including engagement with relevant stakeholders; and the contribution of cities to “green growth”, including the “greening” of fiscal policies, innovation and jobs. The book also explores policy tools and best practices from both OECD and some non-member countries. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. The book will be relevant to policy makers, researchers, and others with an interest in learning more about urbanisation and climate change policy.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264095434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: The books on “Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms” constitute a compilation of the OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents. When published, Volume 1 and 2 contained the documents issued before 2006; Volume 3 and 4 are a continuation of the compilation up to 2010. The OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work. This is intended to encourage information sharing, promote harmonised practices, and prevent duplication of effort among countries. These books offer ready access to those consensus documents which have been issued on the website thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic organisms (crops, trees, microorganisms), to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264088931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educación Superior en el Desarrollo Regional y Urbano; La Región del Bío-Bío, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educación Superior en el Desarrollo Regional y Urbano: La Región del Bío-Bío, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264089846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (191 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Berlin is a creative city attracting talent from around the world. The Berlin Senate has made great strides in developing innovation as a pillar of its economy. But challenges remain: there is long-term unemployment, a low absorptive capacity in small and medium-sized enterprises and a large migrant population that lags behind in educational and labour market outcomes. How can Berlin’s higher education institutions capitalise on their long tradition of professionally relevant learning and research to transform social, economic and environmental challenges into assets and opportunities? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions´ regional and local orientation? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for Berlin’s development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264096158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: The books on “Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms” constitute a compilation of the OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents. When published, Volume 1 and 2 contained the documents issued before 2006; Volume 3 and 4 are a continuation of the compilation up to 2010. The OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work. This is intended to encourage information sharing, promote harmonised practices, and prevent duplication of effort among countries. These books offer ready access to those consensus documents which have been issued on the website thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic organisms (crops, trees, microorganisms), to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264087095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE sur la réglementation des pensions professionnelles ; Méthodologie pour l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE sur la réglementation des pensions professionnelles : Méthodologie pour l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD principles of occupational pension regulation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; OECD ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Occupational pensions play a major role in OECD countries and worldwide, complementing retirement income from state sources. At the end of 2009, private pension savings reached USD 25 trillion. Population ageing has led many OECD countries to undertake a wide range of pension reforms – the overall effect of which has been to reduce public pension promises and, in turn, to increase the importance of private pension savings for retirement. The Core Principles cover seven key areas: i) Conditions for effective regulation and supervision; ; ii) Establishment of pension plans, pension funds, and pension fund managing companies; iii) Pension plan liabilities, funding rules, winding up, and insurance; iv) Asset Management; v) Rights of members and beneficiaries and adequacy of benefits; vi) Governance; and vii) Supervision. Each of the seven core principles consists of a main text and a set of implementing guidelines. In the case of the core principle of supervision, the supporting guidelines integrate the IOPS Principles of Private Pension Supervision. The Methodology provides a structured approach for evaluating a jurisdiction’s occupational pension regulatory system in relation to the OECD Core Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 267-321
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 267-321
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The structure and operation of the financial system have undergone marked changes in the past couple of decades, driven by dramatic improvements in technology, rapid product innovation, integration of financial systems, competition in financial services, and policy, regulatory, and trade reforms. These developments have led to a dynamic, sophisticated, and global financial services arena which fostered economic growth. Yet, the financial and economic crisis has brought to the fore many inappropriate or ill-adapted elements of our approach to financial regulation. The crisis has forced us to think hard about the financial system: how it works, the objectives it should fulfil, and the tools and policies to help shape it. The Policy Framework for Effective and Efficient Financial Regulation, supported by General Guidance and a High-Level Checklist, is a tool that can support ongoing efforts by policymakers, regulators, and supervisors to achieve a stronger, more resilient financial system. It is not meant to substitute for the more focused, micro-prudential principles and guidelines of international standard-setting bodies. But it can guide our strategic thinking and promote governmental leadership and action so that the financial system can play its vital role in the functioning of the economy, both domestically as well as globally. The Policy Framework, including the General Guidance and High-Level Checklist, is the product of work by the Committee on Financial Markets and the Insurance and Private Pensions Committee, and was the subject of a broad public consultation. The Policy Framework challenges policy makers to think about the fundamentals of financial regulation in a globalised financial system. It also invites them to improve their understanding of the financial system and work in close cooperation with other countries to develop proper tools and instruments so that public policy objectives are met. I hope that policymakers will use the Policy Framework in setting national policy and in working with international partners.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264088726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Advancing the aquaculture agenda
    Keywords: Aquakultur ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Aquakultur ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Fischereipolitik
    Abstract: Aquaculture now provides more than 50% of the global supply of fisheries products for direct human consumption. This conference proceedings addresses key policy challenges of the aquaculture sector. Policy makers, academics, industry representatives, NGOs and international organisations gathered to discuss the critical economic, environmental and social aspects of aquaculture. This publication presents a selection of key issues covered by the workshop and includes a large number of country case studies, which provide specific examples of national approaches to aquaculture management.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264077256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq
    RVK:
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Investitionsrecht ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; Korruption ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Irak ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Iraq ; Irak ; Investitionspolitik ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Internationale Politik
    Abstract: This publication reviews measures taken to support investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq. It finds that Iraqi parliamentary elections, held without major security incidents in March 2010, are the latest in a series of indicators suggesting that the country may be achieving greater stability in governance and security - a key prerequisite for foreign and domestic investment, growth and job creation. Furthermore, the business environment is gradually improving as a result of an ongoing institutional capacity building process supported by the international community. The MENA-OECD Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development is part of this effort, playing a key role in building the capacity of the National Investment Commission and its one-stop shop for investment licensing. The Initiative has helped raise awareness on corruption and bribery issues, provided training for the negotiators of international agreements, and advised on implementing regulations for the landmark Investment Law of 2006. This publication examines these issues, and MENA-OECD involvement in advancing them, for the period 2007-2008.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264090231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone ; objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone : objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transition to a low-carbon economy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Umweltmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind. This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers. Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264081918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SMEs and entrepreneurship Poland 2010
    Keywords: 2010 ; KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Polen ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: The rapid growth of entrepreneurship and small firms has been one of the greatest successes in post-Communist transformation in Poland. SMEs have greatly contributed to employment, investment and value added in the Polish economy. However, key barriers to further growth remain in the business environment for SMEs and entrepreneurs. This book sets out the current SME and entrepreneurship climate, reviews SME and entrepreneurship issues and policies at national and local levels, and provides observations and recommendations for improving and supporting entrepreneurship and SMEs in Poland.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264084360 , 9789264084377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This second edition of the OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators presents a broad range of indicators showing the magnitude and intensity of globalisation. This process is becoming increasingly important for policymakers and other analysts, hence the need for a volume that brings together the existing measures, based on national data sources and comparable across countries. Together, the indicators shed new light on financial, technological and trade interdependencies within OECD and non-OECD countries. Measures of globalisation include indicators on capital movements and foreign direct investments, international trade, the economic activity of multinational firms and the internationalisation of technology. In addition, the 2010 edition also includes indicators linked to the current financial crisis, portfolio investments, environmental aspects and the emergence of global value chains.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264085862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report complements earlier OECD work on liquid biofuels and provides information on biomass based heat and power, as well as on biogas. It discusses the heterogeneous portfolio of different biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and pathways of utilisation. It also shows that governments in many countries provide substantial support to the production and use of renewable energy in general, and bioenergy in particular; these support measures are highly diverse and are given at national and various sub-national levels. The results of a large number of life-cycle analyses of various bioheat and biopower chains reviewed in this study indicate that the objective to reduce GHG emissions and fossil energy use is met; indeed the savings estimated for most chains are substantial when compared to fossil alternatives. At present, most of the chains examined do not compete with food and feed production, and thus the implications for agricultural markets are small. It is clear, however, that if a stronger focus on agricultural biomass crops is to be developed, this will require careful design of support policies so as to avoid compromising the ability of the agricultural sector to provide food and feed in a sustainable manner.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264075887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine ; Quelques jalons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine : Quelques jalons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: African agriculture is a sleeping giant. Agribusiness remains in its infancy in most sub-Saharan African countries. Many of them now pay higher prices for imported food products and struggle to keep inflationary pressures under control. Given the strong long-term prospect for world food prices, increasing the productivity of food crops becomes a top priority. It requires sizeable investments in irrigation, storage, transport infrastructure and logistics, as well as better access to markets for inputs (fertilizers, seeds, planting materials and credit). While successful contract-farming schemes exist for export crops, they remain rare for food crops. Greater involvement of the private sector in designing and implementing such food-crop commercialisation programmes could develop viable local food industries. Existing international financing facilities such as the Enhanced Private Sector Assistance (EPSA) for Africa should get full use. Whether Africa can unleash the potential of commercial agriculture in the coming decades also depends in no small part on the continuous and effective support of the international development community. The findings summarised in this volume can serve as building blocks for further international discussions on fostering agro-based private-sector development and lifting smallholders out of poverty.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les pensions privées 2008
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As the role of private pension systems grows in importance, there is a need to monitor their development and review their performance in an international context, especially following the crisis in the financial markets in 2008. This first edition of the OECD Private Pensions Outlook provides essential data on assets, investments, membership, and industry structure based on the latest official statistics, as well as a framework for evaluating the trends shaping the pensions industry, based on the role of the private pensions in relation to the public pension system. It also provides comprehensive country profiles, describing private pension arrangements in individual OECD countries. This edition's special feature covers the implications for pensions and private pensions policy of the financial crisis. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs linking graphs and tables via the internet to Excel® table containing the underlying data.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264060258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres ; Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres : Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Natural resources and pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    Keywords: Natürliche Ressourcen ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264061545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (123 p)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Japan
    Abstract: The report looks at the evolution of Japanese agricultural policy over the last several decades, but maintains its analytical focus on policies currently in place. In addition to reporting a wide variety of statistics, much of which were provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), use was made of the OECD PSE/CSE database and the OECD Policy Evaluation Model (PEM) for some of the analytical work.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264055698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (229 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sector specific sources of competitiveness in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Branche ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Südosteuropa ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Investitionspolitik
    Abstract: The Western Balkan region benefits from a cost-competitive labour force and geographic and cultural proximity to EU markets. However, cost competitiveness as a source of differentiation is not sustainable. Cost levels are increasing gradually in some sectors, reducing firms’ profitability. In order to sustain competitiveness, the Western Balkans needs to move up the value chain, from investing in automated technology to producing higher-quality goods and enhancing its human capital. This report examines the apparel manufacturing, automotive components and business process and technology outsourcing sectors, focusing on market competitiveness factors, industry key success factors and policy recommendations.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264038080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Norvège 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Norvège 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Norway
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Few other countries feature the combination of very low population densities and difficult topography that hinders communication, in addition to a variety of contrasting climates. But the “Nordic welfare model” strives, with a good degree of success, to offer equal living conditions to all citizens by providing proper access to quality public services across the country. This comes, however, at great cost. This publication asks whether such a model can be sustainable in the long run, when population ageing and the reduction of petroleum reserves will reduce the leeway that the rapidly growing economy offers. It examines whether competitiveness and innovation could be further developed, given the high share of resource-based and traditional activities and whether urban policy could be better integrated into regional policy so as to better harness the energy of regional growth engines in different areas of the country, including the northern most parts. Lastly, it looks at whether impending regional reform could facilitate the necessary adaptations by transferring more power to regional councils.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264043831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Istanbul, Turkey
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Megastadt ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Istanbul ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Turkey ; Istanbul
    Abstract: Istanbul has established itself as the industrial, financial and logistics centre of the country, producing almost one-third of the national output and absorbing the bulk of foreign direct investment. And, on the international scale, Istanbul ranks among the fastest growing OECD metro-regions. This review finds, however, that Istanbul faces challenges that could hamper its ambition to become a Eurasian hub for finance, logistics, culture and tourism, as well as its development in general. Its economy is changing from one driven by labour-intensive activities to one based on knowledge industries, while traditional and labour-intensive sectors (e.g. textiles and its supply chain) are shifting only gradually and slowly to other complementary industry segments. Constraints on human capital development and the informal sector have hindered productivity levels and increased income disparities. Over-migration is putting a burden on Istanbul’s transport, public infrastructure and housing, and earthquake risk management. The scale and variety of these challenges necessitates improving local public management and implementing a national strategy to reduce regional disparities and to limit migration flows towards the megalopolis.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264008977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews Portugal; (Portuguese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews Portugal: (Portuguese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: In order to curb rising unemployment and to upgrade low value-added activities, the competitive edge lost in low-cost labour must be earned back through education and innovation. Regional policy stands as a key tool to achieve this shift in a relatively small yet diverse country with moderate economic growth and limited public spending capacity. This report analyses how a paradigm shift in regional policy, building on the knowledge of both public and private stakeholders in specific regions (ranging from dynamic urban areas on the coast to lagging inland areas), could help Portugal fully exploit its potential for sustainable development.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264056145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Derecho y Política de la Competencia en El Salvador ; Examen inter-pares
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Derecho y Política de la Competencia en El Salvador : Examen inter-pares
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador’s first competition law took effect on 1 January 2006. The law, following some important amendments in 2007, is sound in most respects. It employs enforcement standards that are consistent with best practices in the worldwide competition community. It provides the new competition agency, La Superintendencia de Competencia (Superintendency) with the powers that it needs to enforce the law effectively. In less than three years El Salvador is off to a good – one might say excellent – start. Its experience can serve, in some ways at least, as an example of an effective way to begin to implement a competition policy...
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264042247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen OCDE de Políticas Agrícolas; Chile 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen OCDE de Políticas Agrícolas: Chile 2008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brooks, Jonathan Chile
    Keywords: Chile ; Agrarpolitik ; Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Abstract: This Review measures the level and composition of support provided to Chilean agriculture, and evaluates the effectiveness of current measures in attaining their objectives. The study finds that Chile provides much lower support and protection to its agricultural sector than most OECD countries, even though government expenditures on the sector have trebled in real terms over the past ten years. About half of that spending is on public goods such as infrastructure and irrigation, while the other half consists mostly of measures that seek to make Chile’s poorer farmers more competitive. This report suggests ways in which the effectiveness of these policies might be enhanced, including by systematic evaluation of policy performance, by closer co-ordination across government agencies, and by framing policies for smallholders and salaried farm workers in an economy-wide context, so that agricultural policies can focus on potentially competitive farmers and be effectively distinguished from other development and social policies.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264039483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Progrès agricole au Cameroun, au Ghana et au Mali ; Comprendre les causes et maintenir la dynamique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Progrès agricole au Cameroun, au Ghana et au Mali : Comprendre les causes et maintenir la dynamique
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Cameroon ; Ghana ; Mali
    Abstract: This booklet synthesizes findings from analysis of agricultural policy and performance in three African countries: Cameroon, Ghana and Mali. Case studies of each of these countries were undertaken as part of the Support for African Agriculture Project (SAAP), a project largely financed by the French Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Agriculture and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The purpose was to identify constraints to agricultural growth and poverty reduction that might be eased through better policy, both domestically and internationally. Analysis of agricultural performance focused on trends in output, factor use, and productivity. Analysis of agricultural policy featured measurement of domestic and international price distortions as well as the evolution of aid-financed public expenditures on agriculture.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-28
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-28
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This article examines the recent financial market turmoil, contagion risks and policy responses. It begins by looking at the origins of the crisis, then considers the impact of the crisis on markets and the financial sector, and concludes by offering some policy lessons from the downturn.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264038585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Luxembourg
    Keywords: Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalpolitik ; Luxemburg ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionale Disparität
    Abstract: In the short span of just a few decades, Luxembourg has moved from a steel-based economy to one more broadly based on financial services. But being nestled between three other countries, each with their own infrastructure and development issues presents challenges. This review examines the economic trends and disparities within the region, including under-exploited assets. It makes recommendations regarding planning, the urban-rural balance, housing and land policy, transport, and R&D and education.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264034624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Égypte 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Égypte 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Egypt
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Ägypten ; Finance and Investment ; Egypt
    Abstract: Having adhered to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises in July 2007, Egypt undertook a thorough review by OECD members of its international investment policies using the Policy Framework for Investment. This publication presents the results of this review. It finds that international investors responded quickly to the government’s policy reform efforts: foreign direct investment (FDI) into Egypt increased eightfold in just three years, diversifying away from the petroleum sector and bringing much-needed investment to a broad range of manufacturing and service industries. However, the review also shows that investment climate reforms take time and many challenges still lie ahead. These include ongoing efforts to phase out unnecessary sectoral restrictions on investment, maintaining the momentum for broadening the privatisation programme and encouraging entrepreneurship by promoting transparency, accountability and competition.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264034600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la capitalisation et la sécurité des prestations dans les plans de pension professionnels
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264034013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Croatia. The main characteristics of FDI in that country are described, along with its impacts on employment, fiscal revenues and trade. The study first looks at Croatia’s balance of payments statistics, compiled by the Croatian National Bank. Croatia has attracted a relatively significant amount of FDI, especially when FDI per capita statistics are compared with those of its neighbours. Reinvested earnings as a percentage of FDI have also increased in the past few years. However, most FDI has been concentrated in the services sector, especially financial services and retail andwholesale trade, reflecting foreign investor interest in the domestic market. Moreover, while greenfield FDI was higher than acquisition-related FDI in 2003-05, only 10% of manufacturing FDI was greenfield...
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264038486
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (259 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Madrid, Spain
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Madrid ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Madrid has experienced impressive dynamic economic growth in recent years, making the best of the positive business cycle in Spain. The capital region absorbs more than a half of the total FDI in Spain and has extended its economic relations with Latin American countries. Growth has occurred largely in the service sector (financial, banking, business services) as well as in logistics (Madrid Barajas Airport is the largest employer in the region). The large investment in public goods, and particularly in transportation infrastructure and cultural amenities, has contributed to attracting firms and workers, creating a virtuous cycle of accumulated wealth. Unemployment has reached a low level (6.5% in 2006) and the growth rate has surpassed the national average as well as the average for OECD metro-regions. There is, however, a concern with how to sustain this positive economic path in the long run. The main challenges to be addressed include a relatively low productivity level, insufficient specialisation in high-value added manufacturing activities, a low innovation capacity, job-skills mismatches (especially for immigrants), transport congestion and housing rental shortage. Public policy making and the governance framework have evolved to provide the metro-region with many of the institutional resources that are needed to make decisions and effectively implement public policies. However, some adaptations will be necessary to effectively address the forthcoming challenges. The Territorial Review of Madrid is integrated into a series of thematic reviews on metropolitan regions undertaken by the OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee. The overall aim of these case studies is to draw and disseminate horizontal policy recommendations for national governments.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264027886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles ; Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles : Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liapis, Peter S. Agricultural policy and trade reform
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Verteilungswirkung ; Welt ; Agriculture and state ; Commercial policy ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industriestaaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agraraußenhandelspolitik ; Protektionismus ; Liberalisierung ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Preisänderung
    Abstract: The governments of most developed, and many developing, countries impose border measures—tariffs, tariff rate quotas and export subsidies—to boost the domestic market prices of agricultural commodities. In some OECD countries, governments also provide financial support to their agricultural sector through other means, such as direct budgetary payments, production quotas and marketing-loan programs. These interventions typically distort the allocation of resources, leading to sub-optimal production and consumption decisions. Widespread agricultural policy reform would undoubtedly improve the global allocation of resources. But, due to differential protection levels and policy instruments across commodities and among countries, reform can also produce a complex pattern of adjustments, some of which may appear to be counter-intuitive. Using a partial-equilibrium agricultural commodity model with rich policy detail, this study examines the market impacts of agricultural policy reform annually over a 10-year horizon. The study finds that the biggest impacts of agricultural policy reform would be on world dairy markets. Including the effect of non-agricultural liberalisation from a general-equilibrium model does not meaningfully alter results, suggesting that sectoral analysis in many cases is sufficient. Also in this series: Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform: Potential Effects at Global, National and Household Levels
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264035577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Codes de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes ; Guide de référence 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Codes de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes : Guide de référence 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD codes of liberalisation of capital movements and of current invisible operations
    Keywords: Finanzmarktregulierung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; OECD ; Internationale Kapitalbewegung ; Unternehmenskauf ; Unsichtbarer Handel ; Internationales Recht
    Abstract: OECD member countries have committed themselves to maintaining and expanding the freedom for international capital movements and current invisible operations under the legally binding OECD Codes of Liberalisation. This publication explains the content and structure of the OECD Codes and the way they are implemented to achieve progressive liberalisation.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264034259
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment rester compétitif dans l'économie mondiale ; Progresser dans la chaîne de valeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment rester compétitif dans l'économie mondiale : Progresser dans la chaîne de valeur
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Staying competitive in the global economy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Competition, International ; International economic relations ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Competition ; Globalisierung ; International economic relations ; Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
    Abstract: Global value chains are radically altering how goods and services are produced--parts made in one country, for instance, are increasingly assembled in another and sold in a third. The globalisation of production has changed the industrial structure within OECD countries, and in some sectors blunted their competitiveness. Another major consequence has been fears of job losses, due to outsourcing and offshoring—not only in manufacturing but also in services. The rapid integration of China and India, with their large pool of educated people, further reinforces these concerns. How should OECD countries respond? This report brings together OECD data on the globalisation of value chains, including the rise of outsourcing/offshoring. It first examines how OECD countries are affected by the globalisation of production, on both the macroeconomic and sector-specific levels. The costs and benefits of globalisation are then discussed, with an emphasis on employment and productivity. Finally, this report analyses how globalisation impacts the competitiveness of OECD countries, highlighting the need for an effective innovation strategy. The report discusses not only the moving up the value chain that takes place in OECD countries but also in China, as R&D is increasingly going to emerging countries.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264037106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios territoriales de la OCDE; Yucatán, México 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios territoriales de la OCDE: Yucatán, México 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Yucatán, Mexico
    DDC: 006.7
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Yucatán ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: The Mexican state of Yucatán, with its strategically important location near the United States, Central America and the Caribbean, is one of the most dynamic regions in the OECD. Yucatán is also a land of contrasts. It is a lagging but growing region, offering a high quality of life and vast natural resources, yet suffering from problems of sustainability. Its tourism attractions are located in rural areas that do not benefit from them. It has both state and Peninsula medical services, but its health services coverage is uneven. Yucatan is a centre for higher education in the Peninsula, yet its graduates do not find jobs. It has a number of marginalised communities in fragmented administrative bodies, and although the Peninsular states share a common cultural heritage and attractiveness, their institutions do not co-operate.Clearly, Yucatán is not taking full advantage of its many resources, and in fact, challenges in the region threaten to undermine local assets. Among these is the need to upgrade activities to higher value-added innovation and design processes, and to foster primary activities to reach international markets. While the state government has proposed programmes to spur formalisation of the informal economy, measures such as better regulation, cutting red tape and providing employment opportunities and access to formal credit could have a greater impact. The lack of a shared, coherent long-term vision is a fundamental challenge to improving regional competitiveness and social cohesion in Yucatán. The OECD’s recommendations can only be part of a larger strategy to develop a collective vision of the state’s future.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264024786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres ; Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    Keywords: Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Privatwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaft ; Infrastruktur ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: For aid donors, the pro-poor growth agenda is not business as usual and more of the same will not be sufficient. Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them. Policy recommendations aim to help change donor behaviour and pave the way for more effective development co-operation in these areas. This compendium pays special attention to the role of private sector development, agriculture and infrastructure in pro-poor growth – areas that were neglected by many donors during the 1990s but are currently receiving renewed attention in the international development agenda. It also presents a methodology for conducting ex-ante poverty impact assessment, a valuable tool for those whose aim is to maximise the poverty reducing impacts of development interventions.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264013933
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfbericht zur Politik für ländliche Räume; Deutschland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfbericht zur Politik für ländliche Räume: Deutschland
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Germany
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Ländlicher Raum ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of German rural areas. Significant differences between East and West persist and many of these have clear rural dimensions. Factors such as CAP reforms, ageing of the German population and migration trends will also have important rural implications. Many of these issues involve more than rural policy, but rural policy has a place in resolving all of the key issues. However, for rural policy to be an effective part of the policy process it will have to evolve beyond the existing limits in Germany. This review states that Germany's current approach to rural development and rural policy is mainly sectoral and thus does not fully capture the diversity of rural regions.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 23-33
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 23-33
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Triggered by sub-prime and Shanghai stock exchange volatility, major stock markets suffered a significant correction at the end of February. Markets have since recovered and European markets have over the past few weeks more than compensated these losses. While another downturn on the Shanghai exchange end of May led to some increases in volatility on major markets, they have so far not altered their course...
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 11-22
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 11-22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: There was a sizeable correction in financial markets in February. However, since then all of the reflation trades have returned: equities have recouped their losses to the end of April; bonds yields have fallen and spreads have resumed their narrowing pattern; commodities have rallied along with commodity currencies; and the US dollar is weaker....
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 87-104
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In November 2006, the OECD Steering Group on Corporate Governance initiated a study of the role of privately organised pools of capital (“alternative investment vehicles”) in corporate governance. With a rapid increase in the size of transactions and investments, and partly due to differences in corporate governance frameworks and company structures, there has been a growing public interest in private equity firms and “activist” hedge funds. The Steering Group agreed that the distinct corporate governance aspects that emerge in these discussions required special attention based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD Principles). This Report summarises the main conclusions reached by the Steering Group in April 2007, including the findings of a factual review that were taken into consideration. On the basis of available evidence, the Steering Group concluded that “activist” hedge funds and private equity firms could help strengthen corporate governance practices by increasing the number of investors that have the incentive to make active and informed use of their shareholder rights. It was agreed that, from a corporate governance perspective, there was no need to promote a special set of principles for private equity firms and “activist” hedge funds, but that the opportunities and challenges that follow from their ownership strategies should instead be analysed within the general framework of the OECD Principles, also taking into account existing voluntary standards established and promoted by the industry.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 11-25
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 11-25
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Over the summer, financial markets weakened substantially as some of the risks that had built up during a period of easy financing, in particular in the housing market, materialised. Volatility has increased, and while equity markets have regained strength, tensions remain on credit markets....
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264022591
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Villes et compétitivité ; Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Villes et compétitivité : Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitive cities
    Keywords: Stadtentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Japan ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Globalisierung ; Kommunalplanung
    Abstract: Economic globalisation and the subsequent intensification of inter-city competition have profoundly changed urban governance. This is particularly evident in the field of urban spatial development. The change is often described as a shift from a managerial mode of governance to a more entrepreneurial mode, strongly characterised by risk-taking, innovation, a strong orientation toward the private sector and a strategic approach which focuses on economic growth. This study reviews the challenges that urban entrepreneurialism must overcome to maintain and strengthen its relevance in the 21st century. Urban policy planners are expected to address an increasingly wide range of objectives, including social, environmental and cultural issues as well as economic ones.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264038288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles ; Bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles : Bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and state OECD countries ; Agriculture and Food ; Agrarpolitik ; Zielbildung ; Einkommenspolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Agricultural policies are dominated by broad measures such as market price support and general payments to all land, animals or farmers. As a result, it is often difficult to associate a particular policy with any specific objective. Recognising the challenge facing policy makers who wish to design more precisely targeted policies, this study defines the operational characteristics of targeted policies and illustrates best practice with concrete examples. The relationship between target variables and objectives is explored and practical ways to define targets or actions are also examined.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264007932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Randstad Holland, Netherlands
    Keywords: Ballungsraum ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Governance-Ansatz ; Randstad Holland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Randstad is a poly-centric urban area in western Netherlands, comprising Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht and several smaller cities. It is one of the most densely populated areas in the OECD, and has developed into an advanced urban economy with many leading sectors, such as logistics, horticulture and financial services. The Randstad has one of the lowest unemployment rates in all OECD countries, and it is one of the most attractive metropolitan areas for FDIs. However, even though the Randstad had high growth rates over the 1990s, it performed less well in the 2000s. In particular, the Randstad has witnessed relatively low labour productivity growth over the last decade - much lower than cities such as Munich or Stockholm for instance. This Review aims to provide a detailed diagnosis and solutions for improving the competitiveness of the Randstad. The Randstad does not seem to exploit well the proximity of its four large cities, and therefore it does not represent an integrated functional urban system. Key recommendations are: improve internal accessibility within the area; facilitate knowledge transfers to the private sector; increase flexibility in housing and labour market; and strengthen the coordination of the economic specialities of its cities, such as higher education and tourism. Changing the governance framework is a key condition of success: individual city-regions within the Randstad should be granted more responsibilities, and a Randstad agenda should be created, prioritising improvement of regional public transport. This Territorial Review of the Randstad is integrated into a series of thematic reviews of metropolitan regions undertaken by the OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee. The overall aim of these case studies is to draw and disseminate horizontal policy recommendations for national governments.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789282101650
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.137
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport, formes urbaines et croissance économique
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: Containing sprawl is a major preoccupation of many urban planners, who view sprawl as responsible for driving up environmental costs and congestion. Nevertheless, many economists see benefits to sprawl, allowing households access to larger and cheaper properties. This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of sprawl, shedding light on the linkages between urban form and economic growth, and explored the tradeoffs involved in trying to contain sprawl. Discussions were based on papers prepared by Elizabeth Deakin (UC Berkeley), Matthew Kahn (Tufts University), Gilles Duranton (University of Toronto) and David Banister (University College London).
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264034105
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE pour la participation du secteur privé aux Infrastructures
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Principles for Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure aim to help governments work with private-sector partners to finance and bring to fruition infrastructure projects in areas of vital economic importance, such as transport, water and power supply and telecommunications. These Principles offer authorities a checklist of policy issues to consider in ensuring that citizens get the services they need at a fair cost and the private-sector partners obtain viable returns.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264030251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Política Agropecuaria y Pesquera en México ; Logros Recientes, Continuación de las Reformas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Política Agropecuaria y Pesquera en México : Logros Recientes, Continuación de las Reformas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural and fisheries policies in Mexico
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Fischereipolitik ; Mexiko ; Agriculture and Food ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Agrarpolitik ; Fischereipolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses the effects of Mexico’s ambitious reforms to agricultural and fisheries policies since 1990 and makes recommendations for further reforms. The evaluation is based on criteria for good agricultural and fisheries policy as agreed to by OECD countries. Such criteria, if implemented, would support economically healthy sectors that contribute to the wider economy, respect natural resources and use inputs effectively without resorting to distorting subsidies.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264027091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Villes, compétitivité et mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitive cities in the global economy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urbanisierung ; Ballungsraum ; Großstadt ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Metropole ; OECD ; Großstadt ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Soziale Situation ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Stadtökonomie ; Metropolregion
    Abstract: Urban areas represent an important part of the national economy and feature higher GDP per capita and productivity levels than their country’s average. But they also harbour large pockets of unemployment and poverty and suffer from problems such as congestion, pollution and crime. This book examines whether they are sustainable in the long term and what needs to be done to keep these engines of economic growth running smoothly. A synthesis report based on OECD metropolitan reviews and a database of 78 metro regions, this report examines cities performance within their countries and addresses key issues such as competitiveness and social cohesion, intergovernmental relationships, and urban finance. “This is a 'must read' publication, not only for those who already believe in the key importance of urban policy, but even more so for those who remain to be convinced.” Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, Mayor of Madrid, Spain "The most comprehensive examination of the territorial dimension underlying economic growth today." Saskia Sassen, author of Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton University Press 2006). With the nation-state and the corporation seen as the world’s two competing economic and social units, the regional economy is often overlooked. It’s refreshing to see such detailed attention paid to its role as the real motor force of international growth.”Richard Florida, author of The Flight of the Creative Class. “This report on cities demonstrates that economic prosperity and social well-being are inseparable.”Jean-Louis Borloo, Minister of Labour, Social Cohesion and Housing, France. "A striking report that will force governments to reconsider their urban agenda". Dr. Giulio Santagata, Minister of Government's Programmes, Italy. This report provides invaluable advice for policy makers as our cities grapple with profound change."David Crane, Columnist on Global Issues, The Toronto Star
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264028920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Milan has earned a high-profile reputation as a centre of advanced functions, in addition to being an international capital of fashion and design. However, both internal and external challenges are putting strains on Milan’s aspiration to become a southern European and Mediterranean hub. This review highlights Milan’s potential to capitalise on its advanced services to bolster the regional innovation dynamics and to fuel national growth. It also points out that failure to accelerate the innovation process and to enhance the region’s attractiveness as well as its capacity to implement flagship projects could prove costly. Finally, it calls for rapid metropolitan governance reforms to design and to implement a competitiveness strategy for the entire metropolitan region.
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  • 72
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Trade
    Abstract: This study provides a number of case studies that illustrate how the international trade system has been exploited by criminal organisations. It also presents the results of a survey gathering information on the current practices of more than thirty countries in fighting money laundering. This information focuses on the ability of various government agencies to identify suspicious activities related to trade transactions, to share this information with domestic and foreign partner agencies, and to act on this information.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264065208
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO; 2006-2015 ; Synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO: 2006-2015 : Synthèse
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services
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  • 74
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'action de l'OCDE pour l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policy Framework for Investment (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policy Framework for Investment (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: The objective of the Policy Framework for Investment is to mobilise private investment that supports economic growth and sustainable development. It thus aims to contribute to the prosperity of countries and their citizens as well as to support the fight against poverty. Drawing on good practices from OECD and non-OECD countries, the Framework proposes a set of questions for governments to consider in ten policy fields identified in the 2002 UN Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development as critically important for the quality of a country’s environment for investment, including by small enterprises and foreign investors. These are: Investment policy Investment promotion and facilitation Trade Competition Tax Corporate governance Policies for promoting responsible business conduct Human resource development Infrastructure and financial sector development Public governance Its core purpose is to encourage policy makers to ask appropriate questions about their economy, their institutions and their policy settings in order to identify priorities, to develop an effective set of policies and to evaluate progress. The Framework was developed by a task force of officials from about 60 governments, with participation by the World Bank and other international organisations, as well as business, trade union and civil society organisations.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264022539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Stockholm, Sverige 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Stockholm, Sverige 2006
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive territorial review of Stockholm. It finds Stockholm to be on the the most successful - but not unchallenged - regions. While there is no crisis on the horizon, there are a number of weaknesses that could undermine the region’s competitiveness in the long run. These weaknesses include the apparent lack of new high-growth firms to stimulate the regional innovation system, challenges in the labour market, especially with regard to the integration of immigrants, housing shortages and a transport network that has failed to keep pace with growth in the region.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264025936
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Fédération de Russie 2006 ; Pour une politique de l'investissement plus transparente
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Fédération de Russie 2006 : Pour une politique de l'investissement plus transparente
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Russian Federation
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Russland ; Finance and Investment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Despite recent growth, the volume of Russia’s international investment remains modest compared with major OECD countries. The recent upsurge of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has not yet translated into a significant share of FDI in GDP and total investment. This 2006 OECD Investment Policy Review of the Russian Federation examines developments in Russia's regulatory investment environment since the publication of the 2004 Review, focusing on investment policy transparency and effective implementation. It includes recommendations to move capital control reform forward, to adopt least-restrictive approaches to legislation on "strategic sectors" and to strengthen Russia's international investment agreements.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264022669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; France 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : France 2006
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als France
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalpolitik ; Zentrum-Peripherie-Beziehungen ; Regionales Cluster ; Frankreich ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Bericht ; Frankreich ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionalismus
    Abstract: This detailed policy review examines recent developments in regional policy in France and in particular, challenges regarding competiveness policies and multilevel governance. It includes interesting statistics related to regions and makes a series of recommendations for French authorities.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264021945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Chine 2006 ; Politiques ouvertes envers les fusions et acquisitions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Chine 2006 : Politiques ouvertes envers les fusions et acquisitions
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Übernahme ; International ; China ; Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China has become one of the world's leading destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI). However, while cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become the dominant form of global FDI flows, they remain a relatively small part of FDI flows into China. In reviewing developments since 2003, this review evaluates the progress made in developing an effective institutional framework for cross-border M&A in China, takes stock of remaining obstacles, and offers policy options to address them.
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  • 79
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 9-61
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 9-61
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: After some significant corrections in the second half of May and in early June, major equity markets have resumed their growth, in some cases regaining levels reached before the May-June contraction. Against a backdrop of healthy corporate balance sheets, robust earnings growth and low default rates, investor sentiment has remained positive, as reflected in these equity market developments and compressed credit spreads. However, there are signs of increasing nevousness, which include the May/June market turbulence and somewhat increased levels of historical and implied volatility. The increased nervousness may reflect in part downward revisions to economic forecasts.
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  • 80
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-33
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-33
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; Spain
    Abstract: This study aims to establish whether farmers respond to insurance subsidies by either augmenting yields (changing non-land inputs use) or by changing crop patterns, or both. It also aims to provide an evaluation of farmers’ relative risk aversion coefficients.
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  • 81
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 67-108
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 67-108
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With the economic reform in the late 1970s, it has been an objective of government policy for Chinese banks to move away from their traditional passive role of executing directives adapted to the active role in resource allocation of banks in a market economy. However, owing to unclear ownership structures and a history of support of regional and industrial policy, most Chinese banks have had difficulty making the transition. This is particularly true for the four large state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs). In 1998-99, a significant effort to strengthen SOCB balance sheets was undertaken, but the results were disappointing. In the most recent phase of the reform, which began in 2003, the authorities concluded that 〉further attempts at rehabilitation of the SOCBs had to address the issue of bank governance......
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-13
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: All types of agricultural support measures are likely to have an impact on investment. This is particularly the case of the most coupled forms of support such as market price support. However, the dimension of the investment impacts may differ significantly across policy measures since they have different impacts on the farmer’s decision environment. For instance, they have different impact on effective incentive prices and different income transfer efficiency. Under these circumstances the investment effects can be very different, requiring a specific empirical analysis.
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  • 83
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 9-58
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 9-58
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Financial markets in major economies have been broadly strong after some weakening in the first part of the fourth quarter of 2005. Equity markets in the euro area have been buoyant over the past few months, and the strong upswing of Japanese markets in the fourth quarter was perhaps driven by prospects of the end of deflation.
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  • 84
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 183-212
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 183-212
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: On 28 April 2005, the OECD Council approved the Recommendation on Guidelines for Insurers’ Governance. Guidelines were first endorsed by the OECD Insurance and Private Pensions Committee in collaboration and wide consultation with the 30 member countries’ governmental experts in the insurance sector as well as the insurance and reinsurance industry. These guidelines were also deemed fully compatible and consistent with the OECD Revised Principles on Corporate Governance by its Steering Group in October 2004.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-55
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: Earlier studies in the OECD project on decoupling estimated static models of crop production incorporating risk aversion, following the analytical framework in OECD (2001). In contrast, this paper studies primarily dynamic models of crop investment. The province of Manitoba is selected as an example of Canadian prairie crop production, and investment is defined as current expenditure on machinery and equipment for Manitoba crop production (the data are not crop specific). This is the first econometric study of dynamic crop investment decisions for Canada, and as far as can be ascertained this is the first econometric study for any country of dynamic crop investment under risk aversion. Econometric results are used to simulate impacts of agricultural programmes on crop investment.
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  • 86
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 155-201
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 155-201
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The article describes the results of a modeling exercise to gauge the size of potential pension fund demand for bonds under some simplifying assumptions, so as to illustrate the potential role of this specific group of investors. It provides a measure of the potential excess demand for high-quality fixed-income instruments from pension funds, using the admittedly restrictive assumptions that pension funds invest only in high-quality bonds in an attempt to achieve cash-flow matching of their liabilities.
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  • 87
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-42
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-42
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper is intended to clarify and facilitate discussion on areas that are an important part of the decoupling debate. This has been done using standard economic techniques and some illustrative examples.
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  • 88
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-31
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-31
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of decoupling with a view to improving understanding among economists, policy makers and agricultural trade negotiators, all of whom use the term in their deliberations but often with quite different meanings. The approach taken is conceptual or theoretical - designed to improve understanding of the different ways in which agricultural policies affect production and trade.
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  • 89
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-29
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-29
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: The conclusions and policy implications presented in this report build on i) the estimates of relative price effects of different kinds of stylised policy measures, first developed using the Policy Evaluation Model PEMl1 (OECD, 2001b), ii) a conceptual framework on decoupling (OECD, 2002a) which drew attention to the potential for risk-related and dynamic effects which theory suggests are likely to occur in addition to the relative price effects, and iii) a series of studies aimed at explaining, analysing and, where possible,quantifying some of the potentially important static, risk and dynamic effects and their implication on the degree of decoupling of different measures. Annexes 1 and 2 give some details of the issues investigated in each of the background studies.
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  • 90
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 63-85
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 63-85
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Over the past few years China has emerged as a major player in the global economy with a pivotal position in global production, trade and, increasingly, finance. In the context of large imbalances in world growth rates, China has helped sustain world economic expansion, especially in the Asia Pacific region. China is also an important force in global financial flows. The country is one of the world’s largest recipients of FDI inflows. Moreover, China, along with other Asian economies, has been accumulating reserves, thereby supporting the present configuration of exchange rates in major OECD regions. The country is now a major investor in key asset markets, such as the international market in government securities.
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  • 91
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 89-97
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 89-97
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Many commentators have postulated a “financing gap” for small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs), meaning that there are significant numbers of SMEs that could use funds productively if they were available, but cannot obtain finance from the formal financial system. This article summarises an OECD report (OECD, 2006) on this topic which seeks to determine how prevalent such a gap may be – both in OECD countries and non-member economies – and recommends measures to foster an improved flow of financing to SMEs.
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  • 92
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 111-123
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 111-123
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In 2003, the OECD established the Financial Education Project in response to the increasing interest of its member countries in improving the financial literacy of their consumers. Phase one of this project has culminated in the publication of the first major study of financial education at the international level. This book, Improving Financial Literacy: Analysis of Issues and Policies (OECD, 2005, forthcoming), contributes to the development of consumer financial literacy by providing information to policymakers on effective financial education programmes and by facilitating the sharing of experience in the field of financial education and awareness.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-35
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper is part of the OECD project on decoupling and follows the analytical framework defined in OECD (2001). The main objective is to estimate the importance of the dynamic investment effects of area payments using farm level data from the Italian FADN survey. It investigates the investment response by crop producers under the assumption that they are risk averse, and there is uncertainty concerning prices. A dynamic econometric model is estimated. Investment is defined as current expenditure on machinery and buildings for crop production. This paper uses the same data as OECD (2002) and makes estimations and simulations in a way that can be compared with the results obtained in that paper.
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  • 94
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-57
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-57
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: The principal objective of the present study is to look at the economics of biofuel production and the likely impacts of an expected growth in biofuel-related demand for agricultural products on commodity markets. It describes the economics and policies in biofuel markets by bringing together available information on production technologies, costs and policy measures in major biofuel producing countries. Additionally based on assumptions where data are missing, production costs are calculated for the year 2004 (the base year for the impact analysis below) and compared across countries and production processes as well as with oil-based fuel prices to show the relative competitiveness of biofuel production. Impacts on agricultural markets are analysed using the OECD partial equilibrium model for temperate zone agricultural commodities, Aglink, in connection with the FAO-counterpart, Cosimo, and the OECD World Sugar Model. A number of modifications are made to the models to allow for this type of analysis, as well as to model the impact of changes in crude oil prices on agricultural production costs. Model results of a set of scenarios are compared in order to identify the specific impacts of expected growth in biofuels production as well as those of changes in world crude oil prices.
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  • 95
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 153-179
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 153-179
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In the past few years, there has been a trend towards the harmonisation of pension policies for private and public sector workers, with the introduction of occupational complementary pension funds for civil servants. In many OECD countries these funds are among the largest in terms of assets and number of participants and constitute an important share of financial assets. Nonetheless, civil servants’ pension funds are exposed to particular risks related to the multiple roles played by the state which is, at same time, sponsor, regulator, supervisor, service provider, fiduciary agent and recipient of pension fund investments. Specific government-related agency problems can arise with respect to these funds which differ from those frequently analysed in the private sector. This paper analyses these risks in light of the experiences of Australia, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands and the United States and identifies good practices on how to avoid or mitigate them.
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  • 96
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 205-235
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 205-235
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: A useful proxy for the total assets accumulated in long-term savings and retirement systems is the sum of investments of pension funds and life insurance companies. This proxy covers the vast majority of occupational and personal pension arrangements for both the public and private sectors that rely on funding. In 2004, the total assets held by pension funds and life insurance companies grew by over USD 3.3 trillion or 1.5 percentage points of total GDP in OECD countries.
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  • 97
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 145-167
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 145-167
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper empirically explores the impact of pension funds on market volatility, equity prices, government and corporate bond yields for a panel of 24 countries. The results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between market volatility and pension assets. It complements micro evidence (Dennis and Strickland, 2002) as well as macro findings (Davis, 2004). In addition, equity prices are found to be positively correlated with pension funds, a finding observable for both OECD countries and emerging market economies (EMEs) and present in both the short and long terms. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating a negative link between pension fund assets and both corporate and government bond yields. This might be due to the sizeable buying effects of pension funds, particularly when governments have the tendency to use pension funds to finance implicit pension debts when the traditional pay-as-you-go systems shift to funded systems.
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  • 98
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 7-63
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2005, no. 2, p. 7-63
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Over the past few months, prices in major financial markets have remained strong despite further oil price increases. After major equity markets had shown a soft spot around March and April, they regained their upward trend in the second quarter. Terrorist attacks in London in July and the hurricane Katrina in the United States which hit the New Orleans region at the end of August did not disrupt markets, despite the large size of human, economic and insured losses associated with the latter event.
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  • 99
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 171-187
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 171-187
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The OECD Guidelines on Pension Fund Asset Management set out a basic framework for the regulation of pension fund investment. The Guidelines start with the basic premise that the regulatory framework should take into account the retirement income objective of a pension fund. Two other essential aspects of the regulatory framework are the prudent person standard and the statement of investment policy. Regulations may also include quantitative limits, but only as long as they are consistent with and promote the prudential principles of security, profitability and liquidity pursuant to which assets should be invested. These Guidelines were developed by the Working Party on Private Pensions and the Insurance and Private Pensions Committee and were adopted by the OECD Council on 26 January 2006. They complement the "Recommendation of the Council on Core Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation", adopted by the OECD Council in July 2004.
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  • 100
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 61-109
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 61-109
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This article discusses different aspects of the formulation of financial policy against the backdrop of a changing financial services landscape. Recent trends and developments in the financial services industry, and some longer dated issues as well, present a number of challenges for regulators and supervisors.
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