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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1781
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper evaluates the link between educational policies and i) student performance and ii) macroeconomic measures of productivity. The analysis has two stages. First, using the 2015 and 2018 PISA databases, it quantifies the relationship between student test scores and the characteristics of students taking the tests, their school environment and national educational systems. Second, assuming that these relationships reflect the effect of different characteristics/policies on student test performance, the second stage converts the latter into an estimated effect on macroeconomic measures of productivity using a new measure of human capital as an intermediary variable. This new measure of human capital, devised in previous OECD work, combines student test scores and mean years of schooling with estimated elasticities that suggest the former is more important. The analysis shows a positive association between spending on education and student test scores, but only for levels of student expenditure below the OECD median, suggesting scope for currently low-spending countries to raise student performance with potential gains to long-run productivity. Boosting participation in early childhood education as well as improving teacher quality is found to generate large aggregate productivity gains. There are significant, but smaller, macroeconomic gains for many countries from limiting grade repetition and ability grouping across all subjects as well as increasing the accountability of schools. Finally, the results provide evidence for income inequality having a major influence on productivity through a human capital channel.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1709
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides a new measure of human capital using PISA and PIAAC surveys, and mean years of schooling. The new measure is a cohort-weighted average of past PISA scores (representing the quality of education) of the working age population and the corresponding mean years of schooling (representing the quantity of education). In contrast to the existing literature, the relative weights of each component are not imposed or calibrated but directly estimated. The paper finds that the elasticity of the stock of human capital with respect to the quality of education is three to four times larger than for the quantity of education. The new measure has a strong link to productivity with the potential for productivity gains being much greater from improvements in the quality than quantity component of human capital. The magnitude of these potential gains in MFP is comparable to a similarly standardised improvement in product market regulation, but the effects materialise with much longer lags. The paper demonstrates through the example of pre-primary education, how to simulate the impact of a particular reform to education policy on human capital and productivity.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1729
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses a new measure of human capital, which distinguishes both quality and quantity components, to estimate the long-term effect of the COVID-19-related school closures on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel. Productivity losses build up over time and are estimated to range between 0.4% and 2.1% after 45 years, for 12 weeks and 2 years of school closure, respectively. These results appear to be broadly consistent with earlier findings in the literature. Two opposing effects might influence these estimates. Online teaching would lower economic costs while learning losses in tertiary education (not considered here) would inflate them. Policies aimed at improving the quality of education and adult training will be needed to offset or, at least, alleviate the impact of the pandemic on human capital.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1718
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper considers whether structural reforms have a different impact on adjusted household disposable income (AHDI) compared to GDP, particularly given that while the latter is currently used as the basis for the OECD Economics Department’s framework for evaluating the effect of structural policy reforms, the former is arguably a better measure of welfare. The main findings are that there are indeed a number of structural policies where the long-run effects on GDP and AHDI are proportionately different, so that percentage changes in the two aggregates are significantly different following a policy reform. One group of structural policies, typically those where the transmission mechanism depends mainly on productivity and capital intensity (including cuts in corporate income tax and policies to simulate business R&D) or which can weaken the bargaining power of labour (for example a loosening of EPL), have weaker long-run positive effects on AHDI than GDP. Other structural reform policies (including in-kind family benefits, family cash benefits and cuts in the income tax wedge) have a magnified effect on AHDI, so that following a policy reform, long-run percentage changes in AHDI are larger than for GDP. Cross-referencing the analysis in the paper with structural reform priorities previously identified in the OECD’s regular Going for Growth surveillance exercise, suggests that increased spending on childcare and early childhood education might usefully be part of any policy package to address the ‘cost of living crisis’ currently being faced by many OECD households.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.7
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Zufriedenheit ; Sozialer Indikator ; Einkommensverteilung ; Politik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Slowenien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This paper first identifies Slovenia’s main well-being challenges, namely to boost productivity and increase performance on economic indicators without compromising its low levels of inequalities in wealth and income, and to strive for better human capital outcomes, including health outcomes and adult skills. Second, the paper assesses the welfare impacts of some structural reforms based on the shadow price of employment, which is equal to 3% of household income. The largest welfare impacts stem from: i) a cut in regulation of the energy, transport and communication sectors; ii) an increase in ALMPs; iii) a cut in the average tax wedge on households; iv) a cut in the minimum wage; v) an increase in the number of weeks of maternity leave; vi) a cut in the replacement rate of unemployment benefits.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1672
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Impfung ; Morbidität ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics
    Abstract: New variants of the virus are spreading which, together with seasonal effects, are estimated to be able to raise effective reproduction numbers by up to 90%. Meanwhile, many countries are rolling out vaccination programmes, but at varying speeds. Hence the race is on to beat the variants with the vaccines. Vaccination is very powerful at reducing virus transmission: fully vaccinating 20% of the population is estimated to have the same effect as closing down public transport and all-but-essential workplaces; fully vaccinating 50% of the population would have a larger effect than simultaneously applying all forms of containment policies in their most extreme form (closure of workplaces, public transport and schools, restrictions on travel and gatherings and stay-at-home requirements). For a typical OECD country, relaxing existing containment policies would be expected to raise GDP by about 4-5%. Quick vaccination would thus help limit the extent to which containment policies need to be escalated in future epidemic waves, providing huge welfare benefits both in terms of fewer infections and stronger economic activity.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264085107 , 9789264303683 , 9789264303676
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p. , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Care needed
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Alterskrankheit ; Pflegebedürftigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Across the OECD, nearly 19 million people are living with dementia. Millions of family members and friends provide care and support to loved ones with dementia throughout their lives. Globally, dementia costs over USD 1 trillion per year and represents one of the leading causes of disability for elderly adults. These numbers will continue to rise as populations age. Until a cure or disease-modifying treatment for dementia is developed, the progress of the disease cannot be stopped. This report presents the most up-to-date and comprehensive cross-country assessment of the state of dementia care in OECD countries. In recent years, OECD countries have enhanced their efforts to provide high-quality dementia care during diagnosis, early and advanced dementia, but improving measurement is necessary for enhancements in care quality and outcomes for people with dementia. The report advises a set of policies that can help countries to improve diagnosis, strengthen access to care services, improve the quality of care, and support the families and carers of people living with dementia. Measuring and comparing the services that are delivered to people with dementia and the outcomes they achieve is a crucial part of improving dementia care. Most health systems have very poor data on dementia care and countries should work to strengthen the measurement of quality and outcomes of dementia care.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1482
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1487
    Keywords: Strukturwandel ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents country-specific effects of structural reforms. It discusses how sizeable and interesting country-specific effects can be identified in a panel setting by conditioning the impact of individual policies on their own level or on the stance of other policies and institutions. This approach allows for the incorporation of a potentially large set of additional policy areas including institutions and policy areas with limited time-series availability (e.g. sub-components of the Product Market Regulation indicator, housing market regulations and policies, Doing Business indicators and the quality of institutions such as the rule of law indicator or the efficiency of the legal system). Results suggest that for instance, when more stringent product market regulation hurts more in more open economies. Better institutions amplify the positive effect of R&D spending. Tax wedge reduction leads to less employment gains when EPL is not very stringent.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264304505 , 9789264307223 , 9789264307230
    Language: English
    Pages: 200 p. , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing connectivity through transport infrastructure
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Private Investition ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: Transport infrastructure is crucial to connect developing countries and help them to boost trade, growth and regional integration. This is because cross-border or long-distance roads and railways as well as international ports and airports are needed to move products and people around in a globalised world. What can bilateral and multilateral development partners do to help connect developing countries through transport infrastructure? This report takes stock of continental and regional transport plans in Africa, Asia, Latin America and parts of Europe to place development co-operation in context. It then examines the strategies and activities of development partners for transport connectivity. It also takes a hard look at the allocation of official development finance for transport connectivity, particularly in relation to the distribution of private investment for the same types of infrastructure. How large is the financing gap for transport connectivity to meet the Sustainable Development Goals? What can development partners do to fill this gap? How can they create an environment that can help mobilise more private resources? The report provides a comprehensive picture of the current state of play as well as food for thought on what can be done to move forward. It also features 16 profiles of development partners and their activities for improving transport connectivity.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1442
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Produktivität ; Regulierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper estimates and quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income for a large set of OECD and non-OECD countries. The findings suggest that the quality of institutions matters to a large extent for economic outcomes. More competition-friendly regulations, as measured by the OECDs’ Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicator improve economic outcomes. Lower barriers to foreign trade and investment help MFP. Lower barriers to entry and less pervasive state control of businesses boost the capital stock and the employment rate. No robust link between labour market regulation and MFP and capital deepening could be established. But looser labour market regulation is found to go hand in hand with higher employment rates. The paper shows that countries at different level of economic development face different policy impacts. Furthermore, PMR effects depend on the level of labour market regulations.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1429
    Keywords: Strukturpolitik ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Datenbank ; Wirtschaftsforschung ; Schwellenländer ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document describes the OECD’s new Structural Policy Indicators Database for Economic Research (SPIDER). The database compiles data from various existing databases. It contains indicators capturing structural policies (including institutions, framework condition policies and policies specifically related to labour markets and drivers of productivity and investment such as trade, skills and innovation). It also contains some basic macroeconomic indicators. The main idea of the database is to provide all the data needed for empirical analysis on structural policies in one place to facilitate empirical investigations. The indicators collected comprise three types of data: data with long-time series covering OECD countries, data covering a larger set of countries for a varying number of years, and finally a set of time-invariant indicators. The paper illustrates the use of the database on the basis of different growth regressions employed in the literature.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1441
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Humankapital ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses for 34 OECD countries the extent to which the calculation of aggregate multi-factor productivity (MFP) is sensitive to alternative parameterisations. The starting point is the definition of MFP used in previous work in the OECD’s Economics Department (e.g. Johansson et al. 2013). They include alternative MFP measures, with human capital included or excluded, with different measures of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates, using time-varying capital depreciation rates and different measures of capital stock and labour input (headcount against hours worked). The main result of the paper is that whether or not human capital is included in MFP makes a significant difference for the level and dynamics of MFP. At the same time, MFP measures are less sensitive to other parameters of the calculation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2016, no. 1, p. 91-108 | volume:2016 | year:2016 | number:1 | pages:91-108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2016, no. 1, p. 91-108
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2016
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2016
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:91-108
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This document describes and discusses a new supply side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It obtains the overall macroeconomic reform impacts by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the paper finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the 5- to 10-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materialises at shorter horizon.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1393
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Messung ; Humankapital ; Makroökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Empirical research on the drivers of multi-factor productivity (MFP) is abundant at the firm- and industry level but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the determinants of MFP at the macroeconomic level. In this paper, we seek to understand the drivers of country-level MFP with a special emphasis on product and labour market policies and the quality of institutions. For a panel of OECD countries, we find that anticompetitive product market regulations are associated with lower MFP levels and that higher innovation intensity and greater openness go in tandem with higher MFP. We also find that the impact of product market regulations on MFP may depend on the level of labour market regulations. Better institutions, a more business friendly environment and lower barriers to trade and investment amplify the positive impact of R&D spending on MFP. Finally, we also show that cross-country MFP variations can be explained to a considerable extent by cross-country variation in labour market regulations, barriers to trade and investment and institutions (including corruption).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1354
    Keywords: Strukturwandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document describes and discusses a new supply side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It presents the overall macroeconomic impacts of reforms by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the paper finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the 5- to 10-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materialises at shorter horizon.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1392
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Strukturpolitik ; Kapitalintensität ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship linking investment (capital stock) and structural policies. Using a panel of 32 OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, we show that more stringent product and labour market regulations are associated with less investment (lower capital stock). The paper also sheds light on the existence of non-linear effects of product and labour market regulation on the capital stock. Several alternative testing methods show that the negative influence of product and labour market regulation is considerably stronger at higher levels. The paper uncovers important policy interactions between product and labour market policies. Higher levels of product market regulations (covering state control, barriers to entrepreneurship and barriers to trade and investment) tend to amplify the negative relationships between product and labour market regulations and the capital stock. Equally important is the finding that the rule of law and the quality of (legal) institutions alters the overall impact of regulations on capital deepening: better institutions reduce the negative effect of more stringent product and labour market regulations on the capital stock, possibly through the reduction of uncertainty as regards the protection of property rights.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1303
    Keywords: Dienstleistungssektor ; Regulierung ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document presents the new 2013 set of the OECD Regulatory Impact (REGIMPACT) indicator. It measures the impact of regulatory barriers to competition in non-manufacturing sectors on all industries, through intermediate inputs. The paper describes how the indicator is calculated and discusses a number of challenges and trade-offs when constructing the indicator. They relate to the composition of the indicator, how the slow-moving or time-invariant retail and professional services regulation data are integrated with the annual energy, transport and communication regulation (ETCR) indicator and what sector weights are used for the calculation of the REGIMPACT indicator. The document then compares the 2003, 2008 and 2013 vintages of the REGIMPACT indicator and the alternative (narrow and wide) definitions of the 2013 indicator. Finally, the paper uses sectoral data to illustrate the extent to which different vintages and alternative indicator definitions can possibly influence sector-level panel regression results for outcome variables such as productivity, investment and labour inputs.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264229945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'égalité des sexes dans l'éducation ; Aptitudes, comportement et confiance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'égalité des sexes dans l'éducation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The ABC of gender equality in education
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bildungschancen ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Schüler ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; PISA-Studie ; Geschlechtsunterschied ; Schulleistungsmessung
    Abstract: This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way. In particular it looks at underperformance among boys, lack of self confidence among girls and family, school and societal influences before addressing policies to help boys and girls reach their full potential.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264235120 , 9264232664
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als In it together
    DDC: 339.209177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    Abstract: The gap between rich and poor keeps widening. Growth, if any, has disproportionally benefited higher income groups while lower income households have been left behind. This long-run increase in income inequality not only raises social and political concerns, but also economic ones. It tends to drag down GDP growth, due to the rising distance of the lower 40% from the rest of society. Lower income people have been prevented from realising their human capital potential, which is bad for the economy as a whole. This book highlights the key areas where inequalities are created and where new policies are required, including: the consequences of current consolidation policies; structural labour market changes with rising non-standard work and job polarization; persisting gender gaps; the challenge of high wealth concentration, and the role for redistribution policies.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.15
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This paper analyses the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economic activity. Like other institutional arrangements, fiscal decentralisation affects firms, households and public entities, and the way they save, invest, spend or innovate. This in turn may have considerable consequences for the long-term growth potential of a country. Based on a set of growth regressions, the results suggest that the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and GDP per capita, productivity or human capital is positive and statistically significant, while the relationship with investment is insignificant. Doubling the sub-central tax or spending share (e.g. moving from a decentralisation ratio of 15 to 30%) is associated with an increase of GDP per capita by 3% on average. Revenue-based decentralisation indicators (e.g. decentralisation of tax revenue or tax autonomy) deliver results both statistically and economically (larger coefficients) more significant than spending-based indicators. The results vary little between federal and unitary countries in general. Intergovernmental transfers tend to be negatively associated with GDP per capita. Finally, the relationship between decentralisation and GDP per capita is non-linear, with results suggesting that returns to decentralisation are decreasing.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264167728
    Language: English
    Pages: 115 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Print version OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Colombia 2012
    DDC: 332.67309861
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This Investment Policy Review examines Colombia's achievements in developing an open and transparent investment regime and its efforts to reduce restrictions on international investment. The Review  shows  that, in the past few years, Colombia has made tremendous progress in promoting investment liberalisation and improving its investment policy framework. Colombia has also recently undertaken important policy reforms in many of the areas covered by the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, including human rights, labour issues and bribery. In recognition of its progress in pursu
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Introduction and Summary; The role of foreign investment in Colombia's economic development; Non­discrimination and equal treatment of investors; Policies in support of responsible business conduct; Colombia's policy framework for investment; Investment framework in support of green growth; Chapter 1. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Colombia's Economic Development; Recent FDI developments; Table 1.1. Colombia's international investment; Figure 1.1. FDI flows in and from Colombia (1994­mid­2011)
    Description / Table of Contents: Figure 1.2. Colombia's inward FDI position by main sectors (mid­2011)Box 1.1. Private investment targets in Colombia's National Development Plan 2010­14; Foreign investor participation in privatisation programmes; Note; References; Chapter 2. Colombia and the National Treatment Instrument; Introduction; Box 2.1. The Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises; The principle of non­discrimination of foreign direct investment in Colombia's investment regime; Box 2.2. Colombia and the Andean Community; Expropriation
    Description / Table of Contents: Exceptions to the National Treatment instrument notified by ColombiaHorizontal measures; Sectoral measures; Government procurement; Measures at the territorial subdivisions; Measures notified by Colombia for transparency; Measures based on public order and essential security considerations; Other measures reported for transparency; Colombia's plans for eliminating existing restrictions; Colombia and the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index; Box 2.3. Calculating the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index; Figure 2.1. 2010 FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index by country
    Description / Table of Contents: Figure 2.2. FDI stocks and the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness IndexNotes; References; Chapter 3. Colombia and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Box 3.1. The 2011 update of the OECD Guidelines for MNEs; General policies for promoting responsible business conduct; Box 3.2. Working in partnership to implement the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Colombia's policies in major areas of responsible business conduct; Disclosure; Human Rights; Employment and industrial relations; Environment; Combating bribery, bribe solicitation and extortion
    Description / Table of Contents: Box 3.3. Colombia's Anti­Corruption Statute of 2011: Measures to combat bribery in business transactionsConsumer interests; Box 3.4. Colombia's 2011 Consumer Protection Statute: Key features; Science and technology; Competition; Taxation; Box 3.5. Overview of taxes applicable to enterprises in Colombia; Establishment of a National Contact Point; Colombia's National Contact Point; Notes; References; Chapter 4. Colombia's Policy Framework for Investment; Box 4.1. The OECD Policy Framework for Investment; Investment policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Transparency and accessibility of the legislative and regulatory framework
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 368 p. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels
    Keywords: Fossil fuels Taxation ; Gas industry Subsidies ; Fossil fuels Finance ; Fossil fuels ; Petroleum industry and trade Subsidies
    Abstract: This publication provides preliminary, quantitative estimates of direct budgetary support and tax expenditures supporting the production or consumption of fossil fuels in selected OECD member countries. The information has been compiled as part of the OECD's programme of work to develop a better understanding of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. It is also intended to inform the ongoing efforts of G20 nations to reform fossil-fuel subsidies. For each of the 24 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country's tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordExecutive summary -- Introduction -- Australia -- Belgium -- Canada -- Chile -- France -- Germany -- Hungary -- Iceland -- Ireland -- Israel -- Italy -- Japan -- Korea -- Luxembourg -- Mexico -- Netherlands -- New Zealand -- Norway -- Poland -- Spain -- Sweden -- Turkey -- United Kingdom -- United States -- Glossary.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264167148
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Keywords: Surveys Methodology ; Trade regulation Evaluation ; Surveys Design ; Public administration Evaluation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264169166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD handbook on measuring the space economy
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Weltraum ; Economics ; Raumfahrt ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This publication provides a summary of the key methodological issues surrounding indicators and statistics on the space sector and the larger space economy and it meant to be complementary to The Space Economy at a Glance 2011.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 99-106
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 99-106
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: European Atomic Energy Community Adopted legislative instruments Reports Meetings International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety Non-binding instrument on the transboundary movement of scrap metal 55th IAEA General Conference Basic Safety Standards Nuclear Law Institute OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Basic Safety Standards International Nuclear Law Essentials International School of Nuclear Law New members Russian Federation request for membership
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 131-200
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 131-200
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union ; India ; Korea, Republic of ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: European Union Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste India The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Rules Republic of Korea Act on Establishment and Operation of Nuclear Safety Commission Russian Federation Federal Law on the Management of Radioactive Wastes and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 75-97
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 75-97
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Bulgaria ; Czech Republic ; France ; Germany ; India ; Ireland ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Poland ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Bulgaria General legislation Czech Republic General legislation France General legislation Regulatory infrastructure and activity Germany General legislation India Liability and compensation Organisation and structure Ireland Radiation protection General legislation Korea (Republic of) Organisation and structure Lithuania Regulatory infrastructure and activity Radioactive waste management Radiation protection International co-operation Nuclear safety Poland General legislation Romania Environmental protection Russian Federation Radioactive waste management Slovenia Nuclear safety Spain Liability and compensation Nuclear security Sweden Nuclear safety Turkey Radiation protection Regulatory infrastructure and activity Nuclear safety Liability and compensation United States General legislation
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 65-69
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 65-69
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; South Africa ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: France Judgement of the European Court of Human Rights on the Right to a Fair Trial, in the Litigation Collectif Stop MELOX and MOX versus France (2007) Decision of the Council of State Quashing a Decree Concerning a Nuclear Installation in Brennilis, for the Want of Public Information and Consultation (2007) South Africa Judgement of the Cape High Court in the Case of McDonald and Others versus Minister of Minerals and Energy and Others (2007) United Kingdom Decision of the Wick Sheriff Court Fining UKAEA for Plutonium Exposure (2007) United States Judgement of the US Court of Appeals on Environmental Analysis of the Effects of Terrorism (2006) Vacatur of US Court of Federal Claims Decision Regarding Price-Anderson Compensation of Costs in a Private Tort Claim (2007)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 59-75
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 59-75
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Argentina ; Australia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Iceland ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Poland ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Sweden
    Abstract: Argentina Amendment to the Criminal Code (2004) Australia Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Amendment Act (2006) Commonwealth Radioactive Waste Management Legislation Amendment Act (2006) Finland Amendments to the Radiation Act and Radiation Decree (2005) France Decree on Securing Financing for Nuclear Charges (2007)Decree Licensing the Construction of the Basic Nuclear Installation “Flamanville 3” Comprising an EPR Reactor (2007) Germany Amendment to the Act on Preventive Radiation Protection (2006) Administrative Provisions on the Supervision of Environmental Radioactivity (2006)Ordinance on Radioactive Drugs (2007) Amendment to the Ordinance on the Treatment of Foodstuffs with Radiation (2006) European Agreement Relating to the International Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) (2006)Ordinance on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (2006)Ordinance to Amend the RID Regulations (2006) Ordinance on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods on the Rhine and Mosel Rivers (2006) Amendments to the 1961 Foreign Trade Act and to the 1993 Foreign Trade Ordinance (2006) Iceland Regulations in the Field of Radiation Protection (2003) Indonesia Decree on Nuclear Reactor Licensing (2006) Ireland Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Act 1998 (Appointment of Competent Authorities) Order (2006) Italy Decree on Emergency Planning with Regard to the Transport of Radioactive and Fissile Materials (2006) Netherlands Covenant Between the Government and the Borssele Operator Concerning the Life Extension (2006) New Zealand Consolidated Edition of the 1965 Radiation Protection Act (2005) Poland Regulation on Ionising Radiation Sources (2006) Romania Decision Approving the Structure and Organisation of the Romanian Nuclear Agency (2007)Amendment of the 2003 Decision Approving the Internal Rules of the National Commission for the Control of Nuclear Activities (CNCAN) (2007) Amendment of the 2003 Ordinance on the Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste, including Final Disposal (2007) Russian Federation Act on Administrative and Property Management of the Civilian Nuclear Energy Sector (2007) Slovak Republic Amendment of the Atomic Act (2007) Slovenia Regulation on Monitoring of Radioactivity (2007) South Africa Regulations on the Contents of the Annual Public Report (2006)Regulations on the Keeping of Records (2006)Regulations on Safety Standards and Regulatory Practices (2006) Sweden Amendment to the Act and Ordinance on Nuclear Activities (2006)
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 65-74
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 65-74
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; European Union ; France ; Slovak Republic ; United States
    Abstract: Canada Judicial review of Darlington new nuclear power plant projectAppeal decision upholding criminal convictions related to attempt to export nuclear-related dual-use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen v. Yadegari European Commission Greenland cases France Chernobyl accident – decision of dismissal of the Court of Appeal of Paris Slovak Republic Aarhus Convention compliance update United States Judgement of a US court of appeals upholding the NRC’s dismissal of challenges to the renewal of the operating licence for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 93-110
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Textes de lois
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 93-110
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; China, People’s Republic ; Lithuania ; Turkey
    Abstract: Lithuania Law on the Nuclear Power Plant (2007) People’s Republic of China Official Reply of the State Council to Questions on the Liabilities of Compensation for Damages Resulting from Nuclear Accidents (2007) Turkey Unofficial Translation of the Turkish Law No. 5710 Concerning the Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and the Sale of Energy Generated from Those Plants (2007)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 77-78
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux réglementaires internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 77-78
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union
    Abstract: European Union Council Directive on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel (2006)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-58
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décisions administratives
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-58
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden Environmental Court Decision on Initial Measures for the Dismantling of Barsebäck (2006)*
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 71-91
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux Législatifs et Réglementaires Nationaux : (French version)
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 71-91
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; France ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Brazil Resolution of the National Council on Energy Policy on the Resumption of Construction of a Thermonuclear Plant (2007) France Decree on Technical Enquiries in the Event of Incidents or Accidents Relating to Nuclear Activities (2007) Order on the Organisation of the General Directorate of Enterprises (GDE) within the Ministry of Industry (2007) Decree on the Listing of Basic Nuclear Installations (2007) Decree on Basic Nuclear Installations and Verifying the Nuclear Safety of Radioactive Materials Transport (2007) Italy Decree Implementing the Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom on the Control of High-activity Sealed Radioactive Sources and Orphan Sources (2007) Amendment to the Environmental Law Decree (2007) Japan Amendment to the Law on Final Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste (2007) Lithuania Law on the Nuclear Power Plant (2007) Luxembourg Grand-ducal Regulations on the Protection of the Public Against the Risks Resulting from Ionising Radiation (2006) Law on Approving the Agreement Between Luxembourg and Belgium Relating to Information Exchange in the Event of an Incident or Accident (2006) People’s Republic of China Regulations on the Management and Monitoring of Nuclear Safety Equipment for Civilian Use (2007) Official Reply of the State Council to Questions on the Liabilities of Compensation for Damages Resulting from Nuclear Accidents (2007) Romania Government Decision on the Monitoring of the Health of Personnel (2007) Order on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials During Transport (2007) Order on Preventive Protection of Nuclear Installations (2007)Order on the Verification of the Physical Protection System of Nuclear Installations (2007) Ordinance on the Safe Management of Radioactive Waste (2007) Government Decision Regarding Financial Resources Necessary for the Safe Management of Radioactive Waste (2007) Amendment of the Law on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (2007) Russian Federation Reform of the Russian Nuclear Power Industry (2007) Slovak Republic Atomic Act Amendment on Alternative Financing of the Nuclear Regulatory Body (2007) Slovenia Decree on the Control of Radioactive Contamination in the Shipment of Scrap Metal (2007) Spain Amendment to the Nuclear Energy Act (2007) Sweden Decision on the Merger of Regulatory Authorities (2007) Turkey Law Concerning the Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and the Sale of Energy Generated from Those Plants (2007) United States Final Rule Amending Regulations Applicable to the Licensing of New Nuclear Power Plants (2007) Final Rule Implementing a National Source Tracking System (2006) Final Rule on Design Basis Threat (2007)
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 111-119
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux Réglementaires Internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 111-119
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; European Union
    Abstract: European Union Council Decision Authorising the Republic of Slovenia to Ratify the 2004 Protocol Amending the Paris Convention (2007) Council Decision Approving the Accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the Amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (2007) Council Decision Establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and Conferring Advantages upon it (2007) International Atomic Energy Agency Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2007) Resolution on the Exclusion of Small Quantities of Nuclear Material from the Application of the Vienna Convention (2007) International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (2007) Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources and its Supplementary Guidance (2007) 51st IAEA General Conference OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Decision on the Exclusion of Small Quantities of Nuclear Substances from the Application of the Paris Convention (2007)
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 107-129
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 2, p. 107-129
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article describes the status of nuclear multilateral agreements in force as of December 2011.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-57
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 57-57
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany Judgement of the Federal Administrative Court on the Konrad Repository Project (2007)
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264169463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dealing effectively with the challenges of transfer pricing
    Keywords: Verrechnungspreis ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Verrechnungspreis
    Abstract: This report addresses the practical administration of transfer pricing programmes by tax administrations. Technical analysis of how transfer prices should be computed in accordance with the arm’s length principle is outside the scope of this report. Instead the report focuses on the practical experiences of a number of FTA member countries and some non-member countries. The report discusses ways in which the management of transfer pricing programmes can be optimised, so that transfer pricing audits and enquiries are conducted efficiently and in a timely manner, for the benefit of MNEs and tax administrations alike. It is concerned with the practical steps tax administrations need to take to correctly identify transfer pricing cases that merit audit or enquiry and then to progress those cases to as early a conclusion as possible.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264128859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments
    RVK:
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Analphabetismus ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Erwachsener ; Schreib- und Lesefähigkeit ; Rechenfähigkeit
    Abstract: A basic level of literacy and numeracy is essential for full participation in modern societies. While very few people in most of the advanced countries could be regarded as illiterate or innumerate, recent studies have shown that there are, in fact, significant numbers of people with poor skills, and that low levels of skills are associated with lower wages and greater chances of unemployment and disengagement from the labour market. At the same time, technological changes, particularly the increasing presence of information and communication technologies in all areas of life, have led to a growing demand for higher-level cognitive skills that involve understanding, interpreting, analysing and communicating complex information. In this context, policy makers need the most comprehensive and up-to-date information if they want to ensure that the supply of skills in the labour force matches labour-market demand. The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), an international assessment of adult skills managed by the OECD, will be central in providing that information. Implemented by 25 countries in Europe, the Americas and Asia, PIAAC is compiling one of the richest sources of data regarding the skills that adults use in their work, home and communities, and related information, including family background, education, employment, income, civic participation and health. Results from the data, which are being collected from August 2011 to March 2012, will be available at the end of 2013. This report maps the development of the Programme, from determining what should be measured, to defining the meaning of PIAAC’s three core domains, “literacy”, “numeracy” and “problem solving in technology-rich environments”, to designing assessment tasks and determining how those tasks will be interpreted. It summarises the draft frameworks, developed by dedicated experts, for each of the assessment domains, and includes examples of the items and stimuli used to measure proficiency in the three domains. In essence, it provides an overview and a look at the underpinnings of PIAAC.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264130852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, almost one in every five students does not reach a basic minimum level of skills. In addition, students from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds are twice as likely to be low performers. Lack of fairness and inclusion can lead to school failure and this means that one in every five young adults on average drop out before completing upper secondary education. Reducing school failure pays off for both society and individuals. The highest performing education systems across OECD countries combine quality with equity. This report presents policy recommendations for education systems to help all children succeed in their schooling.
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.1
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: With all the economic turmoil of the past several years, have you ever wished you could buy an insurance policy to protect against the effects of a global recession? Well, such an insurance policy already exists – and it’s called higher education. During the first two years of the global economic crisis, in country after country, people with a tertiary (higher) education were much less likely to be unemployed, much more likely to be participating in the labour force, and more likely to have higher earnings, compared to their less-educated counterparts. These and other findings are discussed in the first issue of the OECD’s new education brief series, Education Indicators in Focus.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264107007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264060111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de telecomunicaciones en México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of telecommunication policy and regulation in Mexico
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This publication reviews the telecommunication market in Mexico, examines the current policy and regulatory framework of the sector and puts forward proposals for reform in order to develop competition in the market.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264130807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: The book presents a major meta-analysis of 'value of a statistical life' (VSL) estimates derived from surveys where people around the world have been asked about their willingness to pay for small reduction in mortality risks. The analysis seeks to explain the differences in the estimates, for example across countries. Differences in incomes and the magintude of the risk reduction people have been asked to value were found to be the factors having the strongest impact on VSL, but a number of other policy-relevant factors are also important. Based on the meta-analysis, and a broad review of the literature, the book also presents clear advice on how VSL values best can be used in assessments of environmental, health and transport policies, such as in cost-benefit analyses. Using explicit VSL estimates to quantify the benefits to society of fatality risk reductions can play an important role in the development of more cost-effective public policies.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264171848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This publication explores current global security issues, their development in West Africa and their potential impact on regional stability. It takes a close look at issues such as terrorism and trafficking, climate change, and the links between “security and development”. Some of these issues are still the object of heated debate. This book draws attention to the risk of oversimplified analyses and biased perceptions of security risks. It also highlights the need for coordinated policies and dialogue between West Africa, North Africa and OECD countries.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.2
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Few would dispute that having a higher education is more important than ever to help people build positive economic futures and strengthen the knowledge economies of countries. Yet as the second issue of the OECD’s new brief series Education Indicators in Focus explains, OECD countries have adopted dramatically different strategies for increasing higher education access – both in terms of how higher education is financed, and in the level of financial support they provide to individuals seeking a degree.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264106154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.942
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264171923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (173 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Food and the tourism experience
    Keywords: Tourismuswirtschaft ; Gastronomie ; Tourismuspolitik ; Tourismusökonomie ; Südkorea ; Spanien ; Österreich ; Japan ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Nordeuropa ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Tourism is a major part of the contemporary experience economy, in which food plays an important role. Food is a key part of all cultures, a major element of global intangible heritage and an increasingly important attraction for tourists. The linkages between food and tourism also provide a platform for local economic development, which can be strengthened by the use of food experiences for branding and marketing destinations. One of the major challenges in the experience economy is dealing with the shift towards intangible culture and heritage. The focus of many tourists has changed from the classic 'must see' physical sights such as museums and monuments towards a ‘must-experience’ imperative to consume intangible expressions of culture, such as atmosphere, creativity and lifestyle. This provides new opportunities for tourism destinations as well as new challenges, particularly in the areas of experience development, marketing and branding. This publication provides an understanding of the role of food tourism in local economic development and its potential for country branding. It also presents several innovative case studies in the food tourism sector and the experience industry.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264168626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Strategic transport infrastructure needs to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: -2030 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Bedarfsplanung
    Abstract: Transcontinental Infrastructure Needs to 2030/50 explores the long-term opportunities and challenges facing major gateway and transport hub infrastructures -- ports, airports and major rail corridors – in the coming decades. The report uses projections and scenarios to assess the broader economic outlook and future infrastructure requirements, and examines the options for financing these, not least against the backdrop of the economic recession and financial crisis which have significantly modified the risks and potential rewards associated with major infrastructure projects. Building on numerous in-depth case studies from Europe, North America and Asia, the report offers insights into the economic prospects for these key facilities and identifies policy options for improved gateway and corridor infrastructure in the future.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264166745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategic environmental assessment in development practice
    Keywords: Umweltverträglichkeit ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: The principles of sustainable development play an integral role in making development assistance work at the level of policies, plans and programmes. In response to the Paris Declaration call to “… develop and apply common approaches for ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment’ at sector and national levels” among donors and partners, the Guidance on Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment was endorsed in 2006 by members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, representatives of developing countries receiving aid, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank and many other agencies. Since then, a growing number of countries at all levels of development have legislation or regulations prescribing the application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)  and many more are introducing it as part of their policy tools. This is creating unique opportunities for better policy making and planning by incorporating environmental considerations into high-level decision-making and opening new mechanisms to build consensus on development priorities within governments themselves and between governments and societies. Many development co-operation agencies and their partners are already making good progress in applying SEA. This publication presents the nine most interesting case studies of SEA in progress, selected from a total 100. These nine cases highlight that SEA can:• Safeguard environmental assets for sustainable poverty reduction and development;• Build public engagement in decision making;• Prevent costly mistakes by alerting decision-makers to potentially unsustainable development options at an early stage in the decision-making process;• Speed up implementation of projects and programmes;• Facilitate co-operation around shared environmental resources and contribute to conflict prevention.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264124523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mal-être au travail ? ; Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mal-être au travail ? : Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sick on the job?
    DDC: 158.72
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Arbeit ; Psychische Gesundheit
    Abstract: The costs of mental ill-health for the individuals concerned, employers and society at large are enormous. Mental illness is responsible for a very significant loss of potential labour supply, high rates of unemployment, and a high incidence of sickness absence and reduced productivity at work. In particular, mental illness causes too many young people to leave the labour market, or never really enter it, through early moves onto disability benefit. Today, between one-third and one-half of all new disability benefit claims are for reasons of mental ill-health, and among young adults that proportion goes up to over 70%. Indeed, mental ill-health is becoming a key issue for the well-functioning of OECD’s labour markets and social policies and requires a stronger focus on policies addressing mental health and work issues. Despite the very high costs to the individuals and the economy, there is only little awareness about the connection between mental health and work, and the drivers behind the labour market outcomes and the level of inactivity of people with mental ill-health. Understanding these drivers is critical for the development of more effective policies. This report aims to identify the knowledge gaps and begin to narrow them by reviewing evidence on the main challenges and barriers to better integrating people with mental illness in the world of work.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Argent rime-t-il avec bonne performance dans l'enquête PISA ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This issue will show that strong performers do not invest scarce resources in smaller classes, but in higher teachers' salaries. They are neither the countries that spend the most on education, nor are they the wealthiest countries; rather they are the countries that are committed to providing high-quality education to all students in the belief that all students can achieve at high levels.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Garçons et filles sont-ils également prêts à affronter l'ère numérique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Information and communication technologies revolutionise not only the speed at which information can be transmitted, but also how information is conveyed and received. Technological innovations have a profound effect on the types of skills that are demanded in today's labour markets and the types of jobs that have the greatest potential for growth. Most of these jobs now require some familiarity with, if not mastery of, navigating through digital material where readers determine the structure of what they read rather than follow the pre-established order of text as presented in a book…
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.190
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.938
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264167445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving agricultural knowledge and innovation systems
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissensbasiertes System ; Innovation ; Landwirtschaft
    Abstract: This conference proceedings from the OECD Conference on Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS), held in Paris, on 15-17 June 2011, discusses a large range of experiences and approaches to AKS explores how to foster development and adoption of innovation to meet global food security and climate change challenges. The conference considered developments in institutional frameworks, public and private roles and partnerships, regulatory frameworks conducive to innovation, the adoption of innovations and technology transfers, and the responsiveness of AKS to broader policy objectives.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264167001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Institutional and financial relations across levels of government
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Dezentralisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: As financial markets put more and more pressure on governments to reduce their deficits and debts, sub-central levels of government are a key player in the implementation of national strategies. The room for manoeuvre to implement consolidations strategies coordinated across levels of government highly depends on the institutional structure of intergovernmental relations, and the effectiveness of their multi-level governance structure. This was already the case for recovery strategies, in the beginning of the crisis. This report provides an overview of the institutional and financial relations across levels of government that enables policymakers evaluate their position and identify good practices for mobilizing sub-central governments for national growth, equity and stability objectives. This report is divided into two parts: the first part is analytical and the second part provides institutional and quantitative country information and comparisons.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264167513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD International drivers of corruption
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Weltwirtschaft ; Globalisierung ; Korruption
    Abstract: Corruption and other governance problems result primarily from processes generated within the domestic political economy. There are major international factors, however, that interact with domestic processes: international drivers of corruption. This report introduces an analytical tool to help readers understand how these international drivers of corruption affect governance and corruption at the country level. It provides a means for identifying those drivers that matter most for domestic governance, as well as opportunities for international actors to work more effectively to improve governance in specific country contexts.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.192
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aide multilatérale 2010
    DDC: 332.1/53
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: More than 200 multilateral donors receive or serve as a channel for 40% of all aid. To help meet the challenge of ensuring effective and co-ordinated multilateral aid efforts, Multilateral Aid 2010 covers trends in and total use (core and non-core) of the multilateral system, with a special focus on trust funds from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the World Bank. It explores development perspectives of the climate change funding architecture and provides an overview of the response of multilaterals to the financial and economic crisis. While the OECD’s annual Development Co-operation Report serves as a key reference for statistics and analysis on the latest trends in international aid, the Multilateral Aid report – as the name implies – takes a specific look at trends in multilateral aid only.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264094406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establecimiento de un marco para la evaluación e incentivos docentes ; Consideraciones para México
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establecimiento de un marco para la evaluación e incentivos docentes : Consideraciones para México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Establishing a framework for evaluation and teacher incentives
    DDC: 371.161
    Keywords: Bildung ; Bildungsabschluss ; Bildungspolitik ; Lehrkräfte ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: Countries with underperforming education systems are recognising that effective reform is vital. But what types of programmes are likely to be effective, and how can they be implemented given local norms and conditions? This report focuses on evaluation, assessment and teacher incentives and attempts to answer these important questions for Mexico and, by extension, other OECD member and partner countries. A public policy framework for education reform is first presented, followed by specifics on evaluation systems, student assessment instruments, school value-added considerations, and teacher evaluation and incentive plans. Dozens of policy findings and recommendations follow each of the six core chapters, including six key policy dimensions of effective education reform and an 11-step plan for improving teacher evaluation and incentives.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264121829
    Language: English
    Pages: 172 p. , ill. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2012 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2011: (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Slovakia Environmental conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264118775
    Language: English
    Pages: 156 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Financing high-growth firms
    DDC: 658.15224
    Keywords: Venture capital ; Angels (Investors) ; Investments ; Capital investments ; New business enterprises Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264104815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Attractiveness for innovation
    Keywords: Innovation ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Standortfaktor ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Innovation ; Direktinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen
    Abstract: Attractiveness for investment in innovation is high on the policy agenda in many countries as innovation is a key factor of growth and competitiveness in OECD countries. Virtually all governments are keen to attract international investment by multinational enterprises (MNEs) as a means to promote growth and employment, create new jobs and bring in new technologies. While all countries and regions have some policy measures in place that are aimed at increasing their attractiveness for innovation, it is less clear if these policies are effective. This report analyses the current trends in international investment in innovation and the attractiveness policies already implemented. These are often based on the more traditional instruments for attracting international investment. The book also explores in more detail the role of investment incentives that governments tend to give to international investors: their rationale, their impact and their usefulness. The evidence presented in this report raises clear policy issues and questions existing policies. A number of policy principles are formulated to guide policy makers.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , ill. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relier la réforme des systèmes de sécurité et la réduction de la violence armée : Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vinculación de la reforma de los sistemas de seguridad a la reducción de la violencia armada : Notas de programación
    Keywords: Violence Prevention ; Security systems
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264107052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The call for innovative and open government
    DDC: 352.8/8
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This report presents an overview of country initiatives concerning efficient, effective public services and open and innovative government. It focuses on four core issues: delivery of public services in times of fiscal consolidation; a more effective and performance-oriented public service; promotion of open and transparent government; and strategies for implementation of a reform agenda. These issues were discussed at the OECD Public Governance Ministerial Meeting held in Venice, Italy, in November 2010, hosted by the Italian Ministry for Public Administration and Innovation.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264129313
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 16x23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des assureurs
    DDC: 658.15
    Keywords: Insurance companies ; Insurance State supervision ; Corporate governance
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. OECD guidelines on insurer governancept. 2. Annotations.
    Note: Title from Web page (viewed on Apr. 17, 2012) , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264117556
    Language: English
    Pages: 219 p. , ill. , 21x28cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2012 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Israe͏̈l 2011
    Keywords: Israel Environmental conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Sustainable development -- pt. 2. Selected issues.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264100817
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benefits of investing in water and sanitation
    DDC: 628.1
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Kanalisation ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Wasserversorgung ; Sanitäranlage ; Abwasserbeseitigung
    Abstract: The provision of water supply, sanitation and wastewater services generates substantial benefits for public health, the economy and the environment. Benefit-to-cost ratios can be as high as 7 to 1 for basic water and sanitation services in developing countries. Wastewater treatment interventions, for example, generate significant benefits for public health, the environment and for certain economic sectors such as fisheries, tourism and property markets. The full magnitude of the benefits of water services is seldom considered for a number of reasons, including the difficulty in quantifying important non-economic benefits such as non-use values, dignity, social status, cleanliness and overall well-being. Also, information about the benefits of water services is usually hidden in the technical literature, where it remains invisible to key decision-makers in ministries. This report draws together and summarises existing information on the benefits of water and sanitation.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264095199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejores políticas para el desarrollo ; Perspectivas OCDE sobre Chile
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejores políticas para el desarrollo : Perspectivas OCDE sobre Chile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Maintaining momentum
    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Chile ; Economics ; Chile ; Chile ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD
    Abstract: To inform the current policy debate in Chile and present an economic assessment with concrete recommendations and policy options, this report provides a detailed analysis of the overall Chilean economic situation.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264087057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: At a time when OECD and partner countries are trying to figure out how to reduce burgeoning debt and make the most of shrinking public budgets, spending on education is an obvious target for scrutiny. Education officials, teachers, policy makers, parents and students struggle to determine the merits of shorter or longer school days or school years, how much time should be allotted to various subjects, and the usefulness of after-school lessons and independent study. This report focuses on how students use learning time, both in and out of school. What are the ideal conditions to ensure that students use their learning time efficiently? What can schools do to maximise the learning that occurs during the limited amount of time students spend in class? In what kinds of lessons does learning time reap the most benefits? And how can this be determined? The report draws on data from the 2006 cycle of the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) to describe differences across and within countries in how much time students spend studying different subjects, how much time they spend in different types of learning activities, how they allocate their learning time and how they perform academically.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264168367
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill. , 21x28cm
    DDC: 306.85
    RVK:
    Keywords: Familie ; Zukunftserwartung ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Work-Life-Balance ; Familie ; Work-Life-Balance ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Zukunftserwartung
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers no.2011/01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2011/01
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: London 2012 is set to be one the most ambitious Olympic Games ever to have taken place. Already a successful global city London has set itself a unique challenge – not simply to deliver a successful Olympic Games but to regenerate its most socio-economically challenged area of the city. The boroughs which will host 2012 are amongst the most deprived areas in the United Kingdom. The aim from the preparation of the bid was to address this long term challenge. Everyone involved in the delivery of 2012 and the economic development of London is under no illusion that simply by hosting the Olympics a century of deprivation will be eradicated. But accelerating 30-50 years of regeneration and infrastructure investment can create new economic opportunity.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Amélioration des performances : Et si la réussite venait d'en bas ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Since the PISA 2000 and 2009 surveys both focused on reading, one can track in detail how student reading performance has changed over that period. Among the 26 OECD countries with comparable results in both assessments, Chile, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Korea, Poland, Portugal, and the partner countries Albania, Brazil, Indonesia, Latvia, Liechtenstein and Peru all show overall improvements in reading performance. The fact that such a diverse group of countries succeeded in raising the level of their students’ performance in reading indicates that improvement is possible regardless of a country’s cultural context or where it starts out from. For example, Korea was already among the best-performing countries in 2000 and it improved further by 2009, Poland moved from below the OECD average to above it, and Chile rose from a relatively low performance rank to one that is much closer to that of other OECD countries...
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264113978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Sweden has a well-established VET system at upper secondary level, grounded on strong outcomes in basic schooling, with high-status VET tracks and modest rates of dropout. The challenges to the system include relatively high rates of unemployment for young people, an ageing workforce of school-based trainers, and very limited engagement by the social partners. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Sovereign Borrowing and Public Debt Management no.2
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.177
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses and compares national strategies for digital identity management in OECD countries. These strategies aim to drive innovation for e-government and for the broader Internet economy while remaining consistent with current national identity practices.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 1-23
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 1-23
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: How can public policy influence investment in infrastructure in network industries? Network industries rely mainly on fixed networks to deliver services, with investment being lumpy and largely irreversible. As a result, public policies – such as public provision, the introduction of competition and the regulatory environment – can potentially have an important impact on investment behaviour, with the net effect depending on the extent that policies boost socially-productive investment or reduce inefficient investment. Drawing on responses to a unique questionnaire assessing public policy in the network sectors, the information in this paper presents a systematic picture of relevant policies in place across OECD countries. Econometric analysis – both at the sectoral and firm level – finds that public policies can have significant quantitative effects. In particular, the introduction of competitive pressures through the reduction of barriers to entry and the combination of regulator independence and incentive regulation can promote investment in the sector.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 87-91
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 87-91
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; United States
    Abstract: France – Decision of the Administrative Court in Strasbourg on the permanent shutdown of the Fessenheim nuclear power plant (2011) United States – Judgment of a US Court of Appeals on public access to sensitive security information and consideration of the environmental impacts of terrorist attacks on nuclear facilities (2011)
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 107-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 107-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: Plea agreements or negotiated settlements can be an efficient way to formally dispose of cartel cases.They can provide substantial benefits to competition authorities by allowing them to allocate their resources more efficiently and to increase enforcement activities, thus achieving greater deterrence. Plea agreements have substantial benefits for defendants as well.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 93-102
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 93-102
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; Ireland ; Romania ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Belgium – Amendment of the Act on classification and security clearances, certifications and security notifications Czech Republic – Resolution of the government of the Czech Republic on the time schedule of preparatory works for enlarging the nuclear power plant Temelín Finland – Temporary Amendment to the Nuclear Liability Act Ireland – Merchant Shipping Act Romania – Emergency Ordinance on the identification, designation and protection of critical infrastructures Emergency Ordinance on the control regime of dual-use items Amendment to the Act on the safe conduct of nuclear activities Nuclear safety norms on design and construction of nuclear power plants and nuclear safety norms on siting of nuclear power plants United Kingdom – Establishment of the Office for Nuclear Regulation United States – Waste Confidence Decision and Rule Update Response to recent events in Japan
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 27-44
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le cadre réglementaire et institutionnel japonais dans le contexte de l'accident de Fukushima
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2011, no. 1, p. 27-44
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: On 11 March 2011, Japan endured one of the worst natural disasters in its history when a massive earthquake hit the Pacific coast of the country, followed by a tsunami, which led to a terrible loss of lives. It also led to serious accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power units which the Japanese authorities classified at level 7 on the International Nuclear
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 93-106
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 93-106
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article provides a list of bilateral and multilateral nuclear aAgreements in force.
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 7-105
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 7-105
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated private remedies in June 2006. The roundtable focused on class actions/collective actions and the interface between private enforcement and public enforcement: • Class Actions/Collective Actions: There is a strong case for the use fo class actions/collective actions to raise levels of deterrence and achieve greater compliance with competition laws, as theses actions may be the only practical way to ensure that customers with small claims also have their day in court. • Interface between Public and Private Enforcement: There is a widely shared concern that private litigation in competition cases can interfere with leniency programs in cartel cases. There is a trade-off between enabling the victims of a cartel to recover damages and incentives for cartel members to come forward, and no-one really knows with certainty how much protection from private litigation and damage awards is necessary so as not to deter leniency applicants. The prevailing view is that the integrity of leniency programs should be protected by a range of measures that limit a leniency applicant’s exposure to civil damages, but some delegates felt that the current trend provided unnecessary protection to leniency applicants to the detriment of private plaintiffs.
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  • 87
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 101-165
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 101-165
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Competition Committee debated retail banking in October 2006. Competition can improve the functioning of the retail banking sector without harming prudential regulation. The efficient functioning of the sector is important for economic performance. The sector is considered special primarily because of externalities related to potential “contagion” effects stemming from (i) the withdrawal-upondemand characteristic of some bank deposits and (ii) the role banks play in the payment system, and (iii) the fact that banks are important for the funding of consumers and SMEs. Customer mobility and choice is essential to simulate retail-banking competition. An important observation is that the degree of customer mobility is low and the longevity of customer-bank relationships is long. Financial information sharing platforms should therefore be promoted and, where limited by privacy laws, privacy laws should be modified in a way that maintains the goal of protecting privacy while also allowing consumers to receive the benefits of credit ratings.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 145 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 69-213
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Each country note has the following structure: Section 1 gives a brief overview of the main economic developments in recent years in the relevant country including real GDP, fiscal balance and gross debt figures. This presentation is mainly based on the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a), and uses OECD definitions of general government balance and gross debt which may differ from national definitions (see Box 2.1). Section 2 presents the government’s fiscal consolidation strategies as manifested in fiscal balance and gross debt targets over the medium term, the size of the consolidation, and the composition of expenditures and revenues. Section 2 is based on information from the national authorities (or publicly available information) which may use other definitions of fiscal balance and gross debt than the OECD in Section 1. For example, most EU countries have reported such figures on a Maastricht basis. Major consolidation measures are given in Section 3, quantified to the largest extent possible in local currencies and current prices annually. Expenditure measures are split between operational and programme measures and other initiatives. Revenue measures are listed without categories. Updates and additional consolidation measures may have been adopted in member countries after the data collection ended in November/December 2010, but are outside the scope of this analysis. Table 1 summarises the government’s specific consolidation measures and their impact. The impact is given in per cent of nominal GDP, calculated by the OECD Secretariat by using nominal forecasts of GDP from the “OECD Economic Outlook No. 88”, OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) (OECD, 2010a). Eventual pension reforms are also included in this section. Section 4 provides recent or planned institutional reforms. Table 2 summarises the government’s fiscal consolidation plan as presented in Section 2 and corresponding figures.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 153-222
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 153-222
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This report* was the basis of a two hour and a half peer review in the OECD Global Forum on Competition (GFC) on 21 February 2008. It assesses the development and application of competition law and policy in Ukraine, focusing on activities over the previous five years (2003-07). The report concludes that Ukraine has a comprehensive and well-designed competition law and, in the AMC, an effectively managed and well-regarded agency to enforce it. The report also identifies an array of problems confronting Ukraine in the competition law arena, and makes various remedial proposals, including recommendations dealing with the AMC’s budget allocation, autonomy, investigative tools, transparency, enforcement priorities, and relationships with other law enforcement agencies. Additional recommendations in the report focus on the competition law’s merger notification requirements and procedures, state aid legislation, penalties for unlawful conduct and penalty collection procedures, competition advocacy, harmonization with the European Union’s competition laws, and the elimination of conflicting provisions in Ukraine’s Commercial Code.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 167-205
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 167-205
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Inter-American Development Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development co-operate in competition law and policy to promote increased economic growth, employment and economic efficiency and a higher average standard of living in the medium to long term. There is increasing consensus that sound competition law and policy are essential to achieving these goals. “Peer review” is a core element of OECD work. The mechanisms of peer review vary, but it is founded upon the willingness of all OECD countries and their partners to submit their laws and policies to substantive questioning by other members. This process provides valuable insights to the reviewed country and promotes transparency and mutual understanding for the benefit of all. The benefits of this process are particularly clear in the area of competition law and policy. As a result of the activities of the Competition Committee, OECD countries that once had real conflicts on competition issues have become partners in seeking to halt harmful international anticompetitive practices. The Committee has also become an important forum for assessing and demonstrating the usefulness of applying competition policy principles to economic and other regulatory systems. IDB/OECD co-operation in competition law and policy centers on annual meetings of the Latin American Competition Forum. LACF meetings include substantive roundtable discussions and peer reviews of national laws and institutions. The peer reviews have examined Brazil, Chile, Peru and now Argentina. The IDB is pleased to participate and finance this work, as part of its efforts to promote a better business climate for investment in the counties of Latin America and the Caribbean. We want to thank the Government of Argentina for volunteering to be peer reviewed at the fourth LACF meeting, held in San Salvador, El Salvador, on 11-12 July, 2006. It was encouraging to hear Argentina’s Delegation confirm at the meeting that the report’s recommendations were helpful and to hear from Delegates of other countries that this review has improved their understanding of Argentina’s competition law and policy. Finally, we want to thank Mr. John Clark, the author of the report, and the many competition officials whose written and oral contributions to the Forum have been so important to its success.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 15-67
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This chapter discusses OECD member countries’ consolidation plans as of November/December 2010. The time frame for the plans ranges from 2009 to 2015. The chapter analyses current fiscal positions and announced fiscal strategies, consolidation plans, and the expenditure and revenue measures for 30 OECD member countries.
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  • 92
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 75-88
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 75-88
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: CANADACriminal Court decision respecting attempted export of nuclear-related dual use items to Iran: Her Majesty the Queen vs Yadegari (2010) CZECH REPUBLIC Supreme Administrative Court on the legal status of ÈEZ (2010) National Legislative and Regulatory Activities BULGARIA Amendment to the Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy (2010) FRANCE Law on the new organisation of the electricity market (2010) GERMANY Amendment to the Atomic Energy Act extending the operating lifetime of nuclear power plants (2010) Amendment to the Reliability Assessment Ordinance (2010)Amendment to the Ordinance on Persons Responsible for Nuclear Safety and on Reportable Events (2010) Amendment to the Environmental Impact Assessment Act (2010) GREECE Decree transposing European Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom (2010) INDIA Civil Nuclear Liability Act (2010) ROMANIA Amendment to Article 35 of Law 111/1996 regarding new tasks of CNCAN (2010)Order approving norms regarding the radiological monitoring or recyclable metal materials (2010) SERBIA Establishment of the Agency for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (2009) SLOVENIA Rules on operational safety of radiation and nuclear facilities (2009) Rules on radiation and nuclear safety factors (2009) Act on Liability for Nuclear Damage (2010) SWEDEN Abolishment of the Act on phasing out of nuclear energy (2010) Act on Liability and Compensation for Nuclear Damage (2010) UNITED STATES Final rule on the independent storage of spent nuclear fuel (2010) Status of the high-level waste repository programme (2010) Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability and Divestment Act (2010) Final rule on the export and import of nuclear equipment and material (2010)
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  • 93
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 89-91
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2010, no. 2, p. 89-91
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article describes nuclear regulatory activities of the IAEA in 2010.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264098299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; Germany
    Abstract: This publication presents the Development Assistance Committee peer review of the aid programmes and policies of Germany for 2010. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every four or five years. Five members are examined annually. The OECD’s Development Co-operation Directorate provides analytical support and is responsible for developing and maintaining the conceptual framework within which the Peer Reviews are undertaken. The Peer Review is prepared by a team, consisting of representatives of the Secretariat working with officials from two DAC members who are designated as “examiners”. The country under review provides a memorandum setting out the main developments in its policies and programmes. Then the Secretariat and the examiners visit the capital to interview officials, parliamentarians, as well as civil society and NGO representatives of the donor country to obtain a first-hand insight into current issues surrounding the development co-operation efforts of the member concerned. Field visits assess how members are implementing the major DAC policies, principles and concerns, and review operations in recipient countries, particularly with regard to poverty reduction, sustainability, gender equality and other aspects of participatory development, and local aid co-ordination. The Secretariat then prepares a draft report on the member’s development co-operation which is the basis for the DAC review meeting at the OECD. At this meeting senior officials from the member under review respond to questions formulated by the Secretariat in association with the examiners. This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264107199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir et réduire la violence armée dans les zones urbaines ; Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prevención y reducción de la violencia armada en las zonas urbanas ; Notas de programación
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir et réduire la violence armée dans les zones urbaines : Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prevención y reducción de la violencia armada en las zonas urbanas : Notas de programación
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: To help experts and practitioners working to tackle the problem of armed violence, these three Programming Notes build on the 2009 publication entitled Armed Violence Reduction: Enabling Development. These three notes cover armed violence in urban areas, youth and armed violence, and the linkages between armed violence reduction and security system reform.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264122642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 ; Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 : Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. After an acclimation period of 24 h in multi-well plates, cells are exposed for 48 h to seven concentrations of the test chemical in at least triplicate. Solvent and a known inhibitor and inducer of hormone production are run at a fixed concentration as negative and positive controls. At the end of the exposure period, cell viability in each well is analyzed. Concentrations of hormones in the medium can be measured using a variety of methods including commercially available hormone measurement kits and/or instrumental techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data are expressed as fold change relative to the solvent control and the Lowest-Observed-Effect-Concentration. If the assay is negative, the highest concentration tested is reported as the No-Observed-Effect-Concentration.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264096851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Guernsey ; Taxation ; Guernsey ; Guernsey ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264096936
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Trinidad und Tobago ; Taxation ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Trinidad ; Tobago ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264097230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Mauritius ; Taxation ; Mauritius ; Mauritius ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.186
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report explains why digital identity management is fundamental for the further development of the Internet economy. It also provides guidance for digital identity strategies that support innovation across the public and private sectors while enhancing security, privacy and trust online.
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