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  • 2000-2004  (103)
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  • 2000-2004  (103)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070943
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 420; Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode de la dose prédéterminée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 420: Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode de la dose prédéterminée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: A principle of the method is that in the main study only moderately toxic doses are used, and the administration of doses that are expected to be lethal should be avoided. This Guideline is intended primarily for use with rat. Groups of animals of a single sex (normally females) are dosed in a stepwise procedure using the fixed doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg (exceptionally 5000 mg/kg). The initial dose level is selected on the basis of a sighting study as the dose expected to produce some signs of toxicity without causing severe toxic effects or mortality. Further groups of animals may be dosed at higher or lower fixed doses, depending on the presence or absence of signs of toxicity or mortality. This procedure continues until the dose causing evident toxicity or death is identified, or when no effects are seen at the highest dose or when deaths occur at the lowest dose. The test substance is administered in a single dose by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation canula. Animals should be fasted prior to dosing. A total of five animals of one sex will normally be used for each dose level investigated. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least weekly) and daily detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy. The method provides information on the hazardous properties and allows the substance to be classified for acute toxicity according to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070943-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Best Practice Examples under the OECD Guidelines on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Exemples de bonnes pratiques relatives aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE régissant la protection des consommateurs dans le contexte du commerce électronique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This set of best practice examples provides additional practical guidance to governments, businesses and consumers on several aspects of the 1999 Guidelines.
    DOI: 10.1787/233574467655
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report of the Final Ring Test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.6
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is the report of the Ring Test of the February 1994 OECD draft Guideline 202, part II on Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, which was conducted in 1994. It also includes the report of the OECD Workshop on the Final Ring Test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, which was held at Sheffield University on 27-28 March 1995 (Appendix E).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077997-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Information Economy 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: With over 80 indicators based on the most up-to-date official statistics, this study provides a comprehensive international comparison of OECD Member countries' performance in the information economy. New indicators address emerging policy issues: international differences in the quality and price of the ICT infrastructure, diffusion of Internet technologies in larger and smaller firms, relative size of cross-border electronic transactions, barriers to Internet commerce. This publication combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability: the essential findings are presented in bullet points, and methodological notes on indicators and data sources are provided. For the first time data annexes with time series for the ICT sector are available.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099012-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 404: Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070622
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 404; Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur la peau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 404: Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur la peau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to liquid or solid test substance by dermal application. This Test Guideline recommends sequential testing strategies, which include the performance of validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo tests for corrosion/irritation. The albino rabbit is the preferable laboratory animal. The substance to be tested is applied in a single dose to a small area of skin (approximately 6cm²) of an experimental animal; untreated skin areas of the test animal serve as the control. The exposure period is 4 hours. Residual test substance should then be removed. The dose is 0.5ml (liquid) or 0.5g (solid) applied to the test site. The method consists of two tests: the initial test and the confirmatory test (used only if a corrosive effect is not observed in the initial test). All animals should be examined for signs of erythema and oedema during 14 days. The dermal irritation scores should be evaluated in conjunction with the nature and severity of lesions, and their reversibility or lack of reversibility. When responses persist to the end of the 14-day observation period, the test substance should be considered an irritant.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070622-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries : A Positive Reform Agenda (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE ; un programme de réforme constructif
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE : un programme de réforme constructif
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199682-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Forum 2002 : Forum Highlights (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264198845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Forum 2002 ; Coup de projecteur sur le Forum 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCDE Forum 2002 : Coup de projecteur sur le Forum 2002
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This publication summarises each of the sessions held at OECD Forum 2002.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264198845-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire et le Protocole de Kyoto
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the application of its "flexible mechanisms" are at the forefront of energy policy debates in most OECD countries. The potential role of nuclear energy in this context is viewed very differently and assessed against various criteria by the range of stakeholders in governments and civil society according to their interests and priorities. This book provides key facts concerning nuclear energy and the Kyoto Protocol. It highlights the challenges and opportunities for the future development of nuclear energy in the context of implementing the Kyoto Protocol, and more broadly in alleviating the risks of global climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199149-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The latest official statistics on electronic commerce: a focus on consumers' Internet transactions (June 2002) (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Power Point slides showing the latest official statistics on Internet consumer transaction presented at the last meeting of the OECD Committee for Consumer Protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034761-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GATS: The Case for Open Services Markets (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés de services ; L'Accord général sur le commerce des services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. GATS; Plädoyer für offene Dienstleistungsmärkte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés de services : L'Accord général sur le commerce des services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. GATS: Plädoyer für offene Dienstleistungsmärkte
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This study recall the economic case that underpins the GATS, addresses concerns over the effects of the GATS, and points out some of the key negotiating challenges of the current GATS round.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196452-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basic studies in the field of high temperature engineering : second information exchange meeting Paris, France 10 - 12 October 2001 (2002)
    Paris : Nuclear Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 926417589X , 9789264175891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Basic studies in the field of high temperature engineering
    DDC: 621.4834
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Hochtemperaturreaktor ; Gaskühlung ; Kerntechnik ; Wasserstofferzeugung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175891-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Policies in OECD Countries : From Interventionism to Regulatory Governance (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264177437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de régulation dans les pays de l'OCDE ; De l'interventionnisme à la gouvernance de la régulation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Policies in OECD Countries; From Interventionism to Regulatory Governance (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de régulation dans les pays de l'OCDE : De l'interventionnisme à la gouvernance de la régulation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Policies in OECD Countries: From Interventionism to Regulatory Governance (Bulgarian version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In the past 20 years, few reforms of the public sector have received more attention, and stimulated more controversy, than the reforms made to regulation making and regulatory management. The rise of regulatory policies -explicit policies aimed at continuously improving the quality of the regulatory environment -- shows how early notions of "deregulation" or "cutting red tape" quickly gave way to a central "good governance" notion. This notion is based on an understanding of how regulatory practices can substantially improve market performance, public sector effectiveness and citizens’ satisfaction, through a mix or deregulation, re-regulation and better quality regulation, backed up by new or improved institutions. Regulatory Policies in OECD Countries documents the development and emergence of that understanding. It describes the "state of play" in the regulatory policy agenda in OECD countries, and identifies the key challenges facing regulatory practitioners in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264177437-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New horizons for foreign direct investment : Global Forum on International Investment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264196471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Global Forum on International Investment
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. New horizons for foreign direct investment
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Weltwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Direktinvestition
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196476-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stepwise decision making in Finland for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel : workshop proceedings, Turku, Finland, 15 - 16 November 2001 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926419942X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stepwise decision making in Finland for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Abgebranntes Brennelement ; Endlagerung ; Kongress
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199422-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Canada 2002 : Maintaining Leadership through Innovation (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Canada 2002 ; Rester à la pointe du progrès grâce à l'innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Canada 2002 : Rester à la pointe du progrès grâce à l'innovation
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: OECD's review of regulatory reform in Canada. It finds that Canada has a mature, effective and innovative system of regulatory governance closely linked to the government’s public policy goals. Canadians attach growing priority to health, safety and the environment, and seek a balance among economic, competitiveness and social goals. This is a demanding agenda: in international trade – a major driver of the economy – Canada needs to maintain a careful balance between bilateral and multilateral liberalisation efforts. Further work is needed to improve the effectiveness of the single internal market. Competition policy needs to make a much stronger contribution to regulatory reform and market openness. Despite a positive policy shift, some important sectors are protected through import and foreign ownership restrictions. The recently launched government’s Innovation Strategy is expected to make a major contribution to address these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199095-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264176065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The DAC Guidelines
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégrer les Conventions de Rio dans la coopération pour le développement
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: These Guidelines highlight the linkages between global environmental issues, on the one hand, and sustainable development and poverty reduction, on the other. They demonstrate how development co-operation agencies can support developing countries’ efforts to integrate responses to the environmental threats addressed by the Climate Change, Biodiversity and Desertification Conventions (the "Rio Conventions") into their national poverty reduction and development plans. While focusing on the Rio Conventions, many of the findings outlined in these Guidelines apply equally to other global or regional environmental issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264176065-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Human Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.19
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Guidance Document is to apply the principles of the Three Rs to the use of animals in regulatory toxicity tests. The OECD encourages the humane use of animals in regulatory toxicity and safety evaluation studies and fully endorses the principles of the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction, Refinement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078376-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Internet Traffic Exchange and the Development of end-to-end International Telecommunication Competition (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.58
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The avoidance of monopoly rents and the need to ensure the continuity and quality of supply have, historically, been among the key drivers for the creation of new trade routes. In the field of telecommunications, for much of the past century, there has been little scope for achieving either of these goals. The avoidance of monopoly rents was unrealisable because most countries had legally mandated monopolies over the provision of telecommunication infrastructure. Even in those exceptional cases, where a country had opened its market to competition, monopolies continued to reign in corresponding countries. At the same time, monopolies made it difficult for one entity to guarantee service levels provided to its customers. This was because a single entity could not construct and manage their own end-to-end infrastructure across national borders.
    DOI: 10.1787/233740122451
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Israel 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264176089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Israe͏̈l 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Israe͏̈l 2002
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Israel
    Abstract: OECD's review of Israel's investment policy. It finds that the Israeli economy has been progressively transformed from an underdeveloped agrarian economy to one which is technologically advanced and services-based. Trade liberalisation, along with the abolition of exchange controls, the adoption of modern corporate governance rules and intellectual property protection enhancement have led to the establishment of an enabling, transparent and non-discriminatory environment for domestic and foreign investment. The beneficial effects of Israel’s FDI policies are enhanced by a focus on high-tech industries and a wide network of international commitments. However, particular attention needs to be given to reducing market access restrictions or distortions resulting from past heavy government involvement. Further progress may in fact largely depend on the acceleration of the privatisation process, the dismantling of monopolies and a less interventionist approach to business activity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264176089-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Germ Cell Mutagenicity in OECD Member Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.12
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Document (DRD) presents an overview of classification systems/guidelines used in OECD Member countries relating to the mutagenicity of chemicals, based on responses to a questionnaire. Several OECD Member countries have implemented legislation, including classification systems and lists of mutagens; these countries include Canada, Japan and EU Member States. The United States has implemented mutagenicity risk assessment guidelines for determination of potential human germ cell mutagens. Several countries, including the Czech Republic, Norway and Switzerland, intend to apply the EU legislation in the near future. New Zealand is moving towards harmonization with Australia, with respect to establishing guidelines for mutagenicity assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078307-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République Slovaque 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Performance Environmental Reviews (Slovak version); Slovak Republic
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République Slovaque 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Performance Environmental Reviews (Slovak version): Slovak Republic
    Keywords: Environment ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This review of the Slovak Republic's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174962-en
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Australian Science and Mathematics School, Flinders University, South Australia (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2002/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une école australienne de sciences et de mathématiques à l'université de Flinders en Australie méridionale
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: The South Australian Department of Education, Training and Employment, in association with Flinders University, are collaborating in the design, construction and development of a senior secondary high school which will specialise in the teaching of mathematics and science and focus on innovative pedagogies.
    DOI: 10.1787/743056378420
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.23
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance for the testing of substances, and mixtures, classed as “difficult to test” for the purposes of determining their aquatic toxicity. Whilst the guidance given is targeted towards tests described by the OECD Guidelines identified it may also be relevant to other tests. The guidance relates to the practical aspects of carrying out valid tests with “difficult” test substances and mixtures and presenting the results. The guidance is considered to reflect good practice but it is important to recognise that some test substances and mixtures will present specific scientific and technical issues that may fall outside its scope. This document is divided into five substantive sections covering guidance for carrying out a preliminary assessment of test substance stability; general considerations on selection of exposure regimes; development of media preparation and exposure systems; sampling of test media for analysis, and calculating and reporting test results.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078406-en
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report on Consumer Protections for Payment Cardholders (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.64
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reports on a CCP survey of legal and other consumer protections for payment cardholders in OECD Member countries. It also incorporates information gained during the CCP Roundtable on Consumer Protection for Payment Cardholders held in March 2001 in Berlin, Germany. The Roundtable brought together experts from academia, business, consumer groups and governments to discuss the issue of payment protections and what the OECD should be doing in this policy area. The report begins with an overview of past OECD work in the field of consumer protection for payment cardholders. It then discusses the current state of affairs with regard to cross-border e-commerce, payment security and consumer confidence, and reviews the consumer protection issues arising from the use of payment cards. A synopsis of the consumer protection regimes currently in place for payment cardholders in OECD Member countries is presented in the second half of the report. The concluding section focuses on the importance of cardholder education. As a step towards addressing the educational issue, the Committee developed a consumer education piece, “Using Payment Cards Online: Frequently Asked Questions”, which is attached as an annex.
    DOI: 10.1787/233364634144
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  • 25
    Online Resource
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Substances which Pose an Aspiration Hazard (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078512
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.37
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review document examines member country classifications systems for substances which pose an aspiration hazard.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078512-en
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    Managing Working Conditions in the Supply Chain : A Fact-Finding Study of Corporate Practices (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2002/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The expanding geographical sweep of supply chains reflects important advances in the area of logistics management. Some of these advances are linked to progress in computing, telecommunications and robotics technologies as well as to the accumulation of management expertise. Managers have integrated new technologies into their production and distribution processes and have explored new ways of running their core businesses and of managing relations with business partners. As a result, the organisation of companies has evolved -- strategic alliances and closer relations with suppliers and contractors have tended to blur the boundaries of the enterprise. This restructuring has been accompanied by new ways of looking at and organising the roles and responsibilities of various actors in supply chains -- sourcing and supplying firms, business service providers and policy makers. The greater sophistication in the management of supply chains is part of the long-standing process in which...
    DOI: 10.1787/434666605557
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Lifelong Learning in Norway 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; La formation tout au long de la vie en Norvège 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : La formation tout au long de la vie en Norvège 2002
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: Norway is a test-bed for the implementation of a bold vision of lifelong learning. There is broad and strong political support within Norway for lifelong learning as a next logical step for a highly developed country with a highly educated population, confronted with challenges ranging from economic re-structuring, to an ageing workforce, the contradictions of labour shortages and increased leisure time, and an increasingly diverse society. But even in Norway the institutional arrangements and policies fall short of a systemic approach to lifelong learning. The most obvious shortcomings concern adults where there are daunting issues regarding the governance and finance of adult learning. Leadership is a vexed issue insofar as successful implementation depends on concerted action by several ministries as well as the social partners. Choice, equity and quality are in many cases conflicting objectives and difficult trade-offs have to be resolved. Norway is advanced, relative to other countries, in the development of new politics regarding the knowledge society. Indeed, it can be argued that if lifelong learning is to succeed anywhere, Norway is one of the most likely places in view of its history of reforms, co-operation among bodies, high educational standards and outcomes. Lessons from the experience with this approach can be usefully applied in other settings. This study is divided into two parts: the background report (which was prepared by the Norwegian authorities) and the OECD Examiners' report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196421-en
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    Guidance Notes for Analysis and Evaluation of Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.32
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document presents a general guide to the analysis and evaluation of data from studies involving repeated exposures of toxicity test species to pesticides and other chemicals; and outlines the kind of information which should be included in an independent assessment of toxicity studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078482-en
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    Agreement on Exchange of Information in Tax Matters (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034853
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This Agreement contains two models for bilateral agreements drawn up in the light of the commitments undertaken by the OECD and the committed jurisdictions. The Working Group was chaired by Malta and the Netherlands and marks the first results of the OECD's collaboration with the jurisdictions that have committed to improve transparency and establish effective exchange of information in tax matters.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034853-en
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    Learning to Innovate: Learning regions (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (265 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendiendo a innovar; Regiones del conocimiento
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendiendo a innovar: Regiones del conocimiento
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In OECD countries, the number of cities and regions which put learning, education, research and innovation at the heart of their development strategies is rapidly increasing and bringing together governments, the private sector and society. The growing interest in learning cities and regions reflects the fundamental shifts which are taking place. Cities are becoming more knowledge-based and organised as never before around learning and human skills. Today, these factors are central not only to individual success but also to gaining national, regional and urban economic advantage. Comparative advantage is increasingly dependent on human resources, knowledge creation, and continuous, incremental innovation rather than on access to physical capital and raw materials. This book presents different approaches to regional development based on knowledge and innovation in Andalusia, Spain (and some other countries). Potential applications to areas similar to Andalusia are also given. The study contains a synthesis of the presentations and discussions of the conference held in Malaga, Spain, on the 30th September and 1st October 1999, that focused on the current situation of the region, analysing its evolution over the last twenty years, and evaluating the policies already implemented in the region. A diagnosis of the present socio-economic system has been made in order to measure the applicability of policies that would help Andalusia to develop into a learning region, built on human, social, cultural and "synergetic" capital.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033849-en
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    The OECD's Project on Harmful Tax Practices : The 2001 Progress Report (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projet de l'OCDE sur les pratiques fiscales dommageables ; Rapport d'étape 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projet de l'OCDE sur les pratiques fiscales dommageables : Rapport d'étape 2001
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This Report describes progress made in identifying and addressing harmful tax practices within and outside the OECD. In addition to reporting on the work done in connection with tax havens, it also discusses the work related to Member countries and non-Member economies. It is a follow-up to the June 2000 Report and responds to the 1998 Ministerial Mandate to address harmful tax competition (1998 Report).In developing this Report, the OECD seeks to establish a framework within which all countries - large and small, rich and poor, OECD and non-OECD - can work together constructively to eliminate harmful tax practices with respect to highly mobile activities such as in the financial and service areas. The OECD seeks to encourage an environment in which free and fair tax competition can take place in order to assist in achieving its overall aims to foster economic growth and development world-wide.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033993-en
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    Establishing and communicating confidence in the safety of deep geologic disposal : approaches and arguments = Etablir et faire partager la confiance dans la sûreté des dépots en grande (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264094458
    Language: English , French , Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Establishing and communicating confidence in the safety of deep geologic disposal
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Endlagerung ; Sicherheit ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Endlagerung
    Note: Text engl. und franz
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264094451-en-fr
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    China in the World Economy : The Domestic Policy Challenges: Synthesis Report (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale ; Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure ; Rapport de synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A China na Economia Mundial; Os Desafios das Políticas Domésticas; Síntese
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy; The Domestic Policy Challenges; Synthesis Report (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale : Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure : Rapport de synthèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A China na Economia Mundial: Os Desafios das Políticas Domésticas: Síntese
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China in the World Economy: The Domestic Policy Challenges: Synthesis Report (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This publication presents a synthesis of the main findings and policy recommendations of China in the World Economy: Domestic Policy Challenges. After more than two decades of progress in market reforms and trade and investment liberalisation, the entry of China into the World Trade Organisation marks a new era for its integration into the world economy. Drawing on the experiences of OECD Members over the past 50 years, and the Organisation’s extensive work with non-Member economies around the world, this publication provides readers with a synthetic view of the interrelated domestic policy issues at stake and with specific recommendations as to actions to be taken.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196285-en
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    Radionuclide retention in geologic media : workshop proceedings, Oskarshamn, Sweden, 7 - 9 May 2001; [the fifth GEOTRAP Workshop, "Geological Evidence and Theoretical Bases for Radionuclide-Retention Processes in Heterogeneous Media"] (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264196145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: GEOTRAP project
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Radionuclide retention in geologic media
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Formation ; Radionuklid
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196148-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Japan 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Japon 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Japon 2002
    Keywords: Environment ; Japan
    Abstract: This review of Japan's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175334-en
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  • 36
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    Detailed Review Paper on Biodegradability Testing (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (257 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.2
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document reviews the area of biodegradability testing in order to identify whether, in the light of scientific developments, there was a need to revise existing OECD Test Guidelines or to develop new Guidelines.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078529-en
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    Report of the OECD/UNEP Workshop on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistence and Long Range Transport in the Context of PBTS/POPS Assessment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (191 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.36
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document contains the report from the OECD/UNEP Workshop on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Persistence and Long-range Transport in the Context of PBTs/POPs Assessment, held on 29-31 October 2001 in Ottawa, Canada, together with background papers, presentation summaries, and reports from the three subgroups.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078505-en
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    Report of the OECD Workshop on Sharing Information about New Industrial Chemicals Assessment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Sharing Information about New Industrial Chemicals Assessment. Included in this report are the Workshop’s Conclusions and Recommendations, as well as a summary of discussions, case studies, and perspectives on the sharing of information presented at the Workshop. Background material and the results of a survey of existing notification schemes for new industrial chemicals are also included.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078017-en
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  • 39
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    Guidance Document for the Conduct of Studies of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides During Agricultural Application (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.9
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Document presents an internationally harmonized approach to the conduct of studies of occupational exposure to pesticides during agricultural application.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078079-en
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  • 40
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    The Development of Broadband Access in OECD Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report updates developments in terms of the roll out of broadband access in OECD countries. It does not aim to provide a definitive description of the technological alternatives or the applications for which it is being used but rather to highlight developments in relation to the leading platforms. The focus of the analysis is on how fast broadband access is being developed, what regulatory barriers exist to this development and what initiatives might be taken to increase the pace of development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034754-en
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  • 41
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    Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (2002)
    New York : United Nations
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034778
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services is a joint publication of six agencies:- the UN, EC, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, and WTO. It addresses a growing demand from governments, businesses and analysts for more relevant, detailed and internationally comparable statistics on services trade. Special emphasis is given to the statistical information needs of international trade negotiations and agreements. The Manual provides a coherent internationally-agreed conceptual framework within which countries can structure the statistics they compile and report on international services trade. It builds on and links to existing standards, in particular the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual and the 1993 System of National Accounts. It categorises the services that are traded internationally, and how they are traded in practice, taking into account the modes of supply of services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034778-en
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  • 42
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    The Size of Government Procurement Markets (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La taille des marchés publics
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Governments are significant purchasers of goods and services and these markets represent huge opportunities for international trade. This document presents a synthesis of the analytical studies on the quantification of the size of government procurement markets and proposes a series of estimates of procurement markets for over 130 individual countries. The world total government procurement is estimated to amount to $5550 billion in 1998, which is equivalent to 82.3% of the world merchandise and commercial services exports in 1998. The world value of government procurement that is potentially opened up to international trade is estimated at $2083 billion, which is equivalent to 7.1% of the world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or 30.1% of the world merchandise and commercial services exports. Detailed estimates of government procurement markets are proposed for OECD countries, including estimates of procurement broken down by government levels, types of expenditure (consumption versus investment) and contestable shares. Informed knowledge about the size of government procurement markets and in particular the shares of national markets that are potentially opened up to intenational competition is relevant for the business community, government and trade negotiators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196308-en
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    Test No. 423: Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 423; Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 423: Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This is a test guideline for testing for Acute Oral Tosxidity using the Acute Toxic Class Method.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071001-en
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    Environmental Performance Review of Japan : Conclusions and Recommendations (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Keywords: Environment ; Japan
    Abstract: This document presents the conclusions and recommendations of the OECD Environmental Performance Review of Japan for 2002.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033931-en
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  • 45
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    Radiological protection of the environment: the path forward to a new policy? : NEA Forum in collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); Taormina, Sicily, Italy 12 - 14 February 2002 (2002)
    Paris : Nuclear Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9264099700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Radiological protection of the environment; the path forward to a new policy?
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099708-en
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    Fiscal design surveys across levels of government (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926419553X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.7
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Conception budgétaire et niveaux d'administration
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fiscal design surveys across levels of government
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finances publiques dans les administrations infranationales
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195530-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 47
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    Economic Surveys and Data Analysis : CIRET Conference Proceedings, Paris 2000 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099074
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of the 25th CIRET Conference, entitled "Business Surveys and Empirical Analysis of Economic and Social Survey Data" was hosted by OECD and INSEE in Paris, France in 2000.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099074-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Switzerland 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264160651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Suisse 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorialexamen; Schweiz
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Suisse 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorialexamen: Schweiz
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The review points to the need to redesign regional policy. The ongoing reform of fiscal federalism, supposed to foster subnational autonomy and to reduce disparities more effectively, is an important step towards balanced regional development. The review emphasises the need to extend regional policy to the entire country, and to link it more strongly to spatial planning, in order to ensure that all regions benefit from the advantages of liberalisation and globalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264160651-en
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  • 49
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    Fission gas behaviour in water reactor fuels : seminar proceedings, Cadarache, France, 26 - 29 September 2000 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264196358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fission gas behaviour in water reactor fuels
    DDC: 621.48335
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Spaltgas ; Kernbrennstoff ; Leichtwasserreaktor
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196353-en
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  • 50
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    The Lycée Maximilien Perret in France (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2002/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le lycée Maximilien Perret en France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: The new premises of the Lycée Maximilien Perret, an upper secondary and continuing education institution, meets many – but, as experience has shown, not all – of its users’ needs. Why was it necessary to relocate the lycée in the first place? Which aspects of the new buildings effectively meet users’ needs, and which facilities have not lived up to expectations? This article will examine these questions in the spirit of post occupancy evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/742871847062
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Reproductive Toxicity in OECD Member Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.15
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for reproductive toxicity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078338-en
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    Working Together Towards Sustainable Development : The OECD Experience (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Oeuvrer ensemble pour un développement durable
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The report assesses the contribution made by OECD countries, both at home and internationally, and brings together the main lessons learned through the Organisation's extensive work on sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033924-en
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    Report of the OECD Workshop on Environmental Hazard/risk Assessment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.4
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Environment Monograph contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Environmental Hazard/Risk Assessment, which took place in London in May 1994. The Workshop was hosted by the Department of the Environment (DoE) of the United Kingdom. Work on hazard assessment in the OECD’s Chemicals Programme is closely related to the work on Test Guidelines, co-operative investigation of existing chemicals, and the Pesticide Programme. The objectives of hazard assessment activities are to promote awareness, improvement, and, to the extent possible, harmonization of hazard assessment procedures for chemicals (including pesticides) and to encourage mutual use and acceptance of hazard assessments in OECD and other countries. These activities include the development and compilation of practical methods and procedures; promotion of their application in conjunction with co-operative investigations of chemicals; and promotion of harmonization of assessment reports. In recent years, workshops have been held (and documents produced) on aquatic exposure assessment, initial assessment of occupational and consumer exposure, and data estimation methods.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077935-en
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  • 54
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    Cybersquatting : The OECD's Experience and the Problems it Illustrates with Registrar Practices and the 'Whois' System (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.59
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report summarises the problem recently met by the OECD with regard to the cybersquatting of the ocde.org domain name, and identifies the general policy issues arising from this experience.
    DOI: 10.1787/233634324036
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  • 55
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    Test No. 308: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 308; Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans les sédiments aquatiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 308: Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans les sédiments aquatiques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess aerobic and anaerobic transformation of organic chemicals in aquatic sediment systems. The method permits the measurement of (i) the transformation rate of the test substance in a water-sediment system and in the sediment (ii) the mineralisation rate of the test substance and/or its transformation products, (iii) the distribution of the test substance and its transformation products between the two phases during a period of incubation in the dark, at constant temperature, and (iv) the identification and quantification of transformation products in water and sediment phases including mass balance. At least two sediments different with respect to organic carbon content and texture are used. Ideally the test substance (one concentration) should be applied as an aqueous solution into the water phase. The duration of the experiment should normally not exceed 100 days, and should continue until the degradation pathway and water/sediment distribution pattern are established or when 90 % of the test substance has been removed by transformation and/or volatilisation. The number of sampling times should be at least six. The study includes: concentration in the water and sediment of the test substance and the transformation products at every sampling time; results from gases/volatiles trapping systems at each sampling time; mineralisation rates; and non-extractable residues in sediment at each sampling point. Half-lives, DT50, DT75 and DT90 values are determined where the data warrant.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070523-en
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  • 56
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    Legal Provisions Related to Business-to-Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution in Relation to Privacy and Consumer Protection (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dispositions juridiques liées au règlement alternatif des litiges entre entreprises et consommateurs relatifs à la vie privée et à la protection des consommateurs
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document addresses the extent to which existing legal provisions in OECD countries impact recourse to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in relation to disputes arising out of business-to-consumer electronic commerce.
    DOI: 10.1787/233318385765
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  • 57
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    Trends in IP Technology: Their Impact on the Traditional Telephony Carrier (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.60
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The impact of the Internet Protocol (IP) on telephony is anticipated to replace traditional voice services with integrated voice and IP-based applications. The traditional telephony networks, though technically and economically unsuited to supporting the integrated applications including messaging and e-commerce, will nonetheless be leveraged by the ability to be interconnected and interoperate with IP networks. The potential for leveraging IP-based applications together with the traditional telephony infrastructure will likely create new markets for traditional telephony carriers, opening the opportunity for new alliances and partnerships with content providers, broadcast networks and integrated network service providers to enterprises. These new alliances will generate both opportunities for economic growth of a re-shaped telecommunications industry as well as challenges to the traditional approaches to its governance and regulation. Specifically, there will be an increased need to harmonize the progression of international technical standards for IP and the traditional telephony spheres as well as assessment of the implications of regulation presently applied to telephony as voice and video services become increasingly integrated within new IP-based applications delivered across a broad based communications infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/233582040802
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    Test No. 307: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070509
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 307; Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 307: Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for evaluating aerobic and anaerobic transformation of chemicals in soil. The experiments are performed to determine the rate of transformation of the test substance, and the nature and rates of formation and decline of transformation products, to which plants and soil organisms may be exposed. About 50 to 200 g soil samples (a sandy loam or silty loam or loam or loamy sand) are treated with the test substance and incubated in the dark, in biometer-type flasks or in flow-through systems under controlled laboratory conditions. The treatment rate should correspond to the highest application rate of a crop protection product recommended in the use instructions. Also untreated soil samples are incubated under test conditions. These samples are used for biomass measurements during and at the end of the studies. The rate and pathway studies should normally not exceed 120 days. Duplicate incubation flasks are removed at appropriate time intervals and the soil samples extracted with appropriate solvents, of different polarity, and analysed for the test substance and/or transformation products. Volatile products are also collected for analysis using appropriate adsorption devices. Using 14C-labelled material, the various mineralisation rates of the test substance can be measured by trapping evolved 14CO2 and a mass balance, including the formation of soil bound residues, can be established.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070509-en
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    International Investment Perspectives - Trends and Recent Developments in Foreign Direct Investment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Between 2000 and 2001, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into and out of OECD countries recorded their largest drop in recent decades. Total inflows in the OECD area fell from US dollars (USD) 1.27 trillion to USD 566 billion, or a decline of around 56 per cent. While firm data are not fully available for non-OECD countries, early indications suggest that their share of global FDI increased slightly in 2001, owing to a less sharp decline in inflows. On current estimates, the total 2001 outflows from OECD countries amounted to USD 593 billion, with the OECD area acting as a net exporter of USD 27 billion worth of FDI in 2001 as compared with USD 12 billion in 2000. ...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033955-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Tzoumerka, Greece 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195967
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Tzoumerka, Grèce 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Tzoumerka, Grèce 2002
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Greece
    Abstract: OECD's territorial review of the Tzoumerka region of Greece. The Tzoumerka is a mountainous area in Northwestern Greece that presents considerable development challenges with respect to economic growth, social cohesion and governance. The area is highly dependent on traditional agricultural activities that are only made viable by considerable Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) support. Unfortunately, this support will almost inevitably decline. As incentives to modernise agricultural activities and promote other business activity have been ineffective, local development policy will need to go farther. It must direct the local population away from old survival habits to investing in capabilities required of new economic projects. The policy instruments that are likely to be most effective in creating a new mindset will consist in identifying and incubating a small number of successful initiatives with strong demonstration effects. Strategies identified include processing raw agricultural products into premium foodstuffs, to appeal to contemporary demand trends, and harnessing the valuable tourism resources of the area in order to attract visitors who increasingly seek out authenticity in their tourism experiences.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195967-en
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    Reading for Change: Performance and Engagement across Countries : Results from PISA 2000 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La lecture, moteur de changement ; Performances et engagement d'un pays à l'autre - Résultats de PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lesen Kann Die Welt Verändern; Leistung und Engagement im Ländervergleich; Ergebnisse von PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La lecture, moteur de changement : Performances et engagement d'un pays à l'autre - Résultats de PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lesen Kann Die Welt Verändern: Leistung und Engagement im Ländervergleich: Ergebnisse von PISA 2000
    DDC: 418.4
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Following the initial report on the results of the first PISA survey, this report looks more closely at performance in reading. It shows reading literacy levels of students aged 15, in 32 countries, in terms of how well they can use written materials to meet the challenges of the real world and to become lifelong learners. This book will help readers understand better the factors associated with reading well in the modern world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099289-en
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    Physics of Plutonium Recycling : Volume VI: Multiple Plutonium Recycling in Advanced PWRs (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Although the recycling of plutonium as thermal mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) is now well-established on a commercial scale, many physics questions remain. The main question addressed in this report is the number of times plutonium can effectively be recycled in a PWR. This report describes in particular an exercise based on a realistic, multiple-recycle scenario, which followed plutonium through five generations of recycling in a PWR. It considered both a standard PWR design currently in use and a highly moderated design. The latter is a possible option for a dedicated, MOX-fuelled PWR in which it would be possible to optimise the moderation for plutonium. The study of these two designs in parallel has provided a better understanding of their relative merits, as well as insight into the limitations of multiple recycling and the long-term toxicity of fission products and actinides.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199583-en
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    Sample Tasks from the PISA 2000 Assessment : Reading, Mathematical and Scientific Literacy (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beispielaufgaben aus der PISA-Erhebung 2000 in den Bereichen; Lesekompetenz, mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Grundbildung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Muestra de reactivos empleados en la evaluación PISA 2000 ; Aptitudes para lectura, matemáticas y ciencias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sample Tasks from the PISA 2000 Assessment; Reading, Mathematical and Scientific Literacy (Croatian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beispielaufgaben aus der PISA-Erhebung 2000 in den Bereichen: Lesekompetenz, mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Grundbildung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Muestra de reactivos empleados en la evaluación PISA 2000 : Aptitudes para lectura, matemáticas y ciencias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sample Tasks from the PISA 2000 Assessment: Reading, Mathematical and Scientific Literacy (Croatian version)
    DDC: 371.262
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book describes the instruments underlying the PISA 2000 assessment. It introduces the PISA approach to assessing reading, mathematical and scientific literacy with its three dimensions of process, content and context. Further, it presents a sample of PISA 2000 tasks, and explains how these tasks were scored and how they relate to the conceptual framework underlying PISA.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194274-en
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    The Future of Money (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir de l'argent
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Money's destiny is to become digital. Throughout the ages physical money in the form of objects, coins and notes has increasingly been replaced by more abstract means of payment such as bills of exchange, cheques and credit cards. In the years to come that trend to virtual money will continue apace. As technological advances in ICT and biometrics come on-stream, as intangibles progressively become the primary source of value-added in the burgeoning knowledge economy, and as the public at large come to grasp the advantages of digital transactions, virtual forms of payment will dominate. How quickly will this happen on a major scale, and will cash disappear altogether? How will it affect our daily lives? Will it deepen already existing rifts in society? Does virtual money threaten control of the money supply, raising the spectre of greater inflationary risks? Or will it put central banks out of business? This book tackles these and many other critical questions, offering timely suggestions on why and how to make the transition to the world of digital money.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195929-en
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    China in the World Economy : The Domestic Policy Challenges (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196278
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (816 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale ; Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine dans l'économie mondiale : Les enjeux de politique économique intérieure
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This book analyses the domestic policy challenges facing China in the context of trade and investment liberalisation. The entry of China into the WTO marks a new era for its integration into the world economy. Drawing on the experiences of OECD members over the past 50 years, and the Organisation’s extensive work with non-members, this landmark study provides readers with a comprehensive view of the interrelated domestic policy issues at stake and with specific recommendations. It is an essential reference book for policy makers, governments, international organisations and researchers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196278-en
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    Environmental remediation of uranium production facilities : a joint report (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264194800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Series Statement: Nuclear development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental remediation of Uranium production facilities
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réaménagement de l'environnement des sites de production d'uranium
    Keywords: Uranbergwerk ; Altlastsanierung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194809-en
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    Better Integration of Radiation Protection in Modern Society : Workshop Proceedings - Villigen, Switzerland - 23-25 January 2001 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The societal aspects of risk governance are increasingly becoming a part of public decision-making processes. This tendency is particularly evident in matters dealing with the protection of human health and the environment. The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health organised a workshop to examine stakeholder involvement processes through which governments and regulators can arrive at accepted decisions regarding radiological protection. An example of an area in which stakeholder involvement is important is the clean-up of sites contaminated by accidents or by past industrial or research activities. These proceedings address the roles of various stakeholders in the decision-making process, and their expectations regarding how a modern system of radiological protection should be integrated within the broader context of risk governance. Case studies are presented to illustrate good practice and as a basis for drawing conclusions regarding general lessons that can be applicable in many different national contexts. These proceedings will be of interest to policy makers, radiation protection experts and interested members of the public.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196131-en
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    Foreign direct investment and the environment : lessons from the mining sector; OECD Global Forum on International Investment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264199020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Global Forum on International Investment
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Foreign direct investment and the environment
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Bergbauindustrie ; Direktinvestition ; Kongress
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199026-en
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    Regulating private pension schemes : trends and challenges; [OECD/INPRS Private Pensions Conference 2001] (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264194401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.4
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Regulating private pension schemes
    RVK:
    QX 400
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2001 ; OECD ; Private Altersversorgung ; Rentenversicherung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194403-en
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: United Kingdom 2002 : Challenges at the Cutting Edge (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Royaume-Uni 2002 ; Rester à la pointe du progrès ; les défis à relever
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Royaume-Uni 2002 : Rester à la pointe du progrès : les défis à relever
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The OECD's review of regulatory reform in the UK. The review finds that the United Kingdom presents a stimulating contrast of tradition and modernity, which is reflected in a mature and innovative regulatory system. The broad sweep of its reforms is impressive. Continuous reforms of the regulatory management system, the competition policy and law as well as in the regulatory regimes of key economic sectors are a strong basis for ensuring high quality regulation contributing further to drive economic performance. The UK was early in liberalising its public utilities and in developing new regulatory approaches to the complex problems of managing the network industries. It was also among the first countries to introduce a system of regulatory impact assessment, which, along with competition policy and law, has been continuously updated since. It has a reputation for having a regulatory environment that is among the most supportive of market openness and global competition in the world. The UK now faces challenges typical of a mature regulatory regime at the cutting edge of developments. Complexity and diversity - of regulatory objectives, of the institutional architecture and of procedures - are major issues to be continuously monitored. Building on these efforts and continuing to address regulatory challenges and areas of weaknesses will permit the UK to maintain itself as a leader in regulatory governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199255-en
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    Relations Between Supreme Audit Institutions and Parliamentary Committees (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.33
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The SIGMA Paper is drawn from a report on relations between Supreme Audit Institutions and parliamentary committees, prepared for the network of Presidents of the Supreme Audit Institutions of Central and Eastern Countries, Cyprus, Malta and the European Court of Auditors, as part of their efforts to prepare candidate countries for eventual membership of the European Union. It was written primarily for use by those organisations but SIGMA does believe it also has wider interest. The principal contributors of this paper were the Supreme Chamber of Control of Poland and the National Audit Office of Malta, represented by Jacek Mazur and Brian Vella respectively; supported by Jan Pieter Lingen and Chris Kok from the European Court of Auditors; SIGMA expert Harry Havens; former SIGMA staffer Bo Sandberg; and SIGMA staffer Nick Treen. Participating in the work of the liaison officers were the Supreme Audit Institutions of Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia who all supplied valuable data to provide the basis of the report. In addition, the report incorporated material prepared by the Supreme Audit Institutions of Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, UK, the European Court of Auditors; and SIGMA.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60vd5x8r-en
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Skin Irritation/Corrosion in OECD Member Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078345
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.16
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for skin irritation/corrosion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078345-en
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    Hungary's German School of Budapest (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2002/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Ecole allemande de Budapest, en Hongrie
    Keywords: Education ; Hungary
    Abstract: Hungary’s newly-built German School of Budapest is adapted to its site, is safe and environmentally friendly, and has comfortable indoor areas that are tailored for its users, including those with physical disabilities. The school’s new three-storey building, put in operation in August 2001, caters to students in grades five through 12.
    DOI: 10.1787/731707317207
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    Resolving E-commerce Disputes Online : Asking the Right Questions about ADR (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résolution en ligne des litiges liés au commerce électronique : règlement alternatif des litiges (RAL) - Les questions à se poser
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Shopping online opens up a world of opportunity, convenience, choice, competitive prices and information. What will happen if something goes wrong with your purchase? What if you don't get the products you ordered? What can you do?
    DOI: 10.1787/233468177136
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    Access for Business (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.67
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: With over 50 million subscribers in the OECD, broadband access is key for economic growth and development. This report examines broadband access development for businesses. It focuses on short distance leased lines and new forms of broadband acces.
    DOI: 10.1787/233271430048
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  • 76
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification Systems for Sensitising Substances in OECD Member Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.13
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review document examines member country classifications for sensitising substances.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078314-en
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  • 77
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    Detailed Review Document on Hazard Classification Systems for Specific Target Organ Systemic Toxicity Following Single or Repeated Exposure in OECD Member Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.25
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review document examines member country hazard classification systems for specific target organ systemic toxicity following single or repeated exposure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078420-en
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  • 78
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    Multinational Enterprises in Situations of Violent Conflict and Widespread Human Rights Abuses (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2002/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les entreprises multinationales dans des situations de conflits violents et de violations généralisées des droits de l'homme
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In response to enquiries about foreign investment in Myanmar, the Committee for International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME) asked the Secretariat to prepare a paper, under the responsibility of the latter, that would provide background information to interested parties. This paper was not only to shed light on business activity in Myanmar, but also to consider the broader challenges of conducting business responsibly in countries characterised by civil strife and extensive human rights violations. The present paper responds to this request and focuses on issues that are of particular relevance to extractive industries. This sector’s share of global investment is quite small, but its significance for particular host societies is large and the underlying issues for corporate responsibility affect the welfare of millions of people. While not ignoring the problems that have arisen in connection with multinational enterprise activity in troubled host countries, this ...
    DOI: 10.1787/410036718701
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  • 79
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    Guidance Document for the Performance Of Out-door Monolith Lysimeter Studies (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.22
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance for the performance of out-door monolith lysimeter studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078390-en
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  • 80
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    Test No. 405: Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 405; Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur les yeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 405: Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur les yeux
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance (liquids, solids and aerosols) by application on the eye. This Test Guideline is intended preferably for use with albino rabbit. The test substance is applied in a single dose in the conjunctival sac of one eye of each animal. The other eye, which remains untreated, serves as a control. The initial test uses an animal; the dose level depends on the test substance nature. A confirmatory test should be made if a corrosive effect is not observed in the initial test, the irritant or negative response should be confirmed using up to two additional animals. It is recommended that it be conducted in a sequential manner in one animal at a time, rather than exposing the two additional animals simultaneously. The duration of the observation period should be sufficient to evaluate fully the magnitude and reversibility of the effects observed. The eyes should be examined at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after test substance application. The ocular irritation scores should be evaluated in conjunction with the nature and severity of lesions, and their reversibility or lack of reversibility. The individual scores do not represent an absolute standard for the irritant properties of a material, as other effects of the test material are also evaluated.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070646-en
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  • 81
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    Detailed Review Document on Hazard Classification Systems for Mixtures (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.30
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document focuses on the health and environmental hazards of mixtures. The ILO/UNCETDG joint committee has elaborated criteria for classification of Physico-Chemical Hazards which are applicable to substances or mixtures. The classification of mixtures for Physico-Chemical Hazards is not being dealt with separately. The final proposal for a harmonised system for the classification of mixtures will include the physical, the health and environmental hazards. In cases where existing systems have environmental criteria for mixtures they are included for information in an annex.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078468-en
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  • 82
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United Kingdom 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264161078
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Royaume-Uni 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Royaume-Uni 2002
    Keywords: Environment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This review of the United Kingdom's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264161078-en
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  • 83
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    Main Economic Indicators : Comparative Methodological Analysis: Industry, Retail and Construction Indicators Volume 2002 Supplement 1 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principaux indicateurs économiques ; Analyse méthodologique comparative ; Indicateurs de l'industrie, du commerce de détail et de la construction Volume 2002 Supplément 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principaux indicateurs économiques : Analyse méthodologique comparative : Indicateurs de l'industrie, du commerce de détail et de la construction Volume 2002 Supplément 1
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This publication compares key aspects of statistical methodologies used by OECD member countries in the compilation of industry, retail and construction indicators. It focuses on data comparability in the context of international statistical guidelines and recommendations published by the OECD and other international agencies. This publication complements two other OECD publications, Main Economic Indicators (MEI), and Main Economic Indicators: Sources and Definitions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196469-en
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  • 84
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    Guidance Document on the Use of the Harmonised System for the Classification of Chemicals which are Hazardous for the Aquatic Environment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.27
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides a description of a Harmonised System for the Classification of Chemicals which are Hazardous for the Aquatic Environment and guidance to how the system will work as well as guidance to the interpretation of data for use in applying the classification criteria.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078444-en
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  • 85
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Siena, Italy 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Sienne, Italie 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Sienne, Italie 2002
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: OECD's territorial review of the Italian province of Siena. It finds that Siena, a predominantly rural province in central Italy, has enjoyed steady economic growth throughout the post-war period. This success has its roots in a diverse economy based on manufacturing, services, high-value-added agriculture and a dynamic tourism sector. Nonetheless, it is these last two sectors that give Siena its main competitive advantage: an outstanding concentration of high-quality environmental and cultural resources which are unique to the region. The promotion of different sustainable development initiatives has been motivated by the need to ensure the valorisation and conservation of this major asset. This is most apparent in the effort to ensure that the region's development is not spoilt by the impact of mass tourism and an uncoordinated offer. The agrarian landscape also faces an uncertain future as the bulk of the cultivated land area remains dependent on EU subsidies, notwithstanding the market success of many agricultural producers. To respond to the challenges of sustainable development, Siena needs to fully integrate its development objectives with the most effective means to bring them about, in a co-ordinated and long-term planning exercise.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194373-en
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  • 86
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    OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Ukraine 2002 : Progress in Investment Reform (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This progress report builds on the results of the inaugural meeting of the OECD-Ukraine Forum on Investment and Enterprise Development, held in Kiev on 21-22 February 2002. It comprises the report prepared by the Ukrainian Government, the OECD assessment, the business perspectives, and presentations by national and international practitioners and experts. A broad set of issues are addressed, ranging from the general economic situation to achievements and difficulties in the fields of taxation, privatisation, financial sector and banking. The report also reflects the discussion on further steps in OECD-Ukraine co-operation, and outlines the activities of other international organisations and bilateral donors in support of the reform process. The progress report provides a record of the reforms under way and the ongoing debate on the reform process in Ukraine -- a country with strong economic potential but which has yet to be perceived as an attractive destination for foreign direct investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175969-en
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  • 87
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    Report of the OECD Workshop on Statistical Analysis of Aquatic Toxicity Data (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078284
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.10
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The workshop report reviews the options available for the analysis of data from ecotoxicity tests; compares their advantages and disadvantages; recommends (a) the most appropriate approach for deriving a summary parameter(s) which has (have) scientific validity and (b) further work to be undertaken by the OECD and/or others, as appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078284-en
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  • 88
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Champagne-Ardenne, France 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Champagne-Ardenne, France 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Champagne-Ardenne, France 2002
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France
    Abstract: The Champagne-Ardenne region in the north-east of France enjoys comparative advantages in a number of sectors, including mechanics, metalworking, packaging and agriculture, and of course Champagne. Although it still ranks fifth among French regions in terms of GDP/capita, Champagne-Ardenne lost ground during the recession of the early 1990s. This report analyses the strategy conducted by the Regional Council to strengthen the catching-up process and diversify the regional economy. It insists on the need to focus on two prime engines of growth: entrepreneurship and foreign direct investment. Moreover, increasing the competitiveness of the region calls for special efforts to help Champagne-Ardenne move towards more knowledge-based economic activities, to stimulate research and to encourage SMEs to network and innovate. While a better balance between agricultural policies and rural policies needs to be found, the region also has an important role to play in fighting urban decay - Champagne-Ardenne is one of the regions in France with the largest proportions of total population living in sensitive urban zones.The report also suggests that the potential for urban development could be enhanced by encouraging co-operation among cities and fostering the establishment of urban networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175952-en
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  • 89
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    Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) : Manual for the PISA 2000 Database (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264176201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication describes the OECD PISA 2000 international database. The PISA 2000 database comprises micro-level data on student performance for 32 countries collected in 2000 and processed during the second half of 2000 and 2001, together with students' responses to the questionnaires and the test questions. The first results were released in December 2001 and presented in the publication Knowledge and Skills for Life: First Results of PISA 2000 (OECD, 2001). The purpose of this publication is to provide all the information required to understand the PISA 2000 database and perform analyses in accordance with the complex methodologies used to collect and process the data. It does not provide detailed information regarding these methods but rather directs readers to the publications which cover these aspects. The PISA 2000 database can be downloaded from www.pisa.oecd.org
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264176201-en
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  • 90
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    Frascati Manual 2002 : Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199040
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de Frascati 2002 ; Méthode type proposée pour les enquêtes sur la recherche et le développement expérimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de Frascati 2002; Proposta de Práticas Exemplares para Inquéritos sobre Investigação e Desenvolvimento Experimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de Frascati 2002 : Méthode type proposée pour les enquêtes sur la recherche et le développement expérimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de Frascati 2002: Proposta de Práticas Exemplares para Inquéritos sobre Investigação e Desenvolvimento Experimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling statistics. This updated edition contains improved guidelines adjusted for changes in OECD economies, including measurement of service-sector R&D, R&D globalisation, and R&D human resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199040-en
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  • 91
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Canada 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264176300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Canada 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Canada 2002
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: OECD's Territorial Review of Canada. It finds that Canada is composed of three macroregions: a southern ribbon with all the important metropolitan areas, a zone of rural and non-metropolitan adjacent regions and a sub-continent of remote northern territories. Disparities between these macroregions persist and may even be growing. Opportunities for growth are lost because of these imbalances and also because specific regional advantages are not fully tapped. In many regions, weak local governance is hindering the emergence of local grass-roots projects, diffusion of R&D results to SMEs is slow and dialogue between higher education institutions and firms is poor. This report underlines the need for federal agencies and sectoral departments to continuously assess the consistency of their policies with regard to the three macroregions in order to enhance territorial cohesion and better tailor programmes to local conditions. More federal involvement in metropolitan issues notably through negotiated planning could help to institutionalise and strengthen urban policies. This report also emphasises the significant overhauling of rural policies that took place recently. It underlines that in certain areas such as amenities a strategic approach is still to be defined. Resolving governance issues is a priority in the north.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264176300-en
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  • 92
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    Organisation and management change (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 69-80
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Refonte de l'organisation et de la gestion
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 69-80
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The organisation and management of EC development co-operation is embedded within the broader, and more political, external relations framework. Current reforms include more strategic and streamlined approaches, reorganisation in headquarters, and "deconcentration" of implementation authority to the field. These reforms are more sharply defining the vision, responsibilities, and processes of European aid institutions. It will be a challenge to ensure that these organisational and management reforms are increasingly results-oriented. The transition to this new form of management culture has only begun and will require a longer-term political commitment from European leadership to be successful. To implement this more strategic and developmentally oriented mandate also requires more human resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v3-art21-en
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  • 93
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    Policy coherence (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 57-68
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cohérence des politiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 57-68
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The EC has made a systematic attempt to improve policy coherence with development objectives. The "Everything but Arms" initiative is an important example of how further policy coherence is being sought between trade and development policies in the external relations area. There remain several policy coherence challenges, especially where internal EC policies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy and Common Fisheries Policy, come into contact with development policy. New institutional mechanisms have been developed in the EC reform process, and these help to address several coherence challenges. These could be further developed to address more complex issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v3-art20-en
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  • 94
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    OECD Best Practices for Budget Transparency (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 7-14
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transparence budgétaire : Les meilleures pratiques de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 7-14
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The Best Practices are designed as a reference tool for Member and non-member countries to use in order to increase the degree of budget transparency in their respective countries. The Best Practices are organised around specific reports for presentational reasons only. It is recognised that different countries will have different reporting regimes and may have different areas of emphasis for transparency. The Best Practices are based on different Member countries’ experiences in each area. It should be stressed that the Best Practices are not meant to constitute a formal "standard" for budget transparency.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v1-art14-en
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  • 95
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    Portfolio Effects in Conglomerate Mergers (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 59-151
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 94 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effets de portefeuille dans les fusions conglomérales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 59-151
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In the context of conglomerate merger review, portfolio effects seem to refer to the pro- and anti-competitive effects possibly arising when: the parties enjoy market power but not necessarily dominance; and the products joined are complementary or have analogous properties. When complementary products are merged, there is a potential for considerable synergies that could benefit buyers. There is also an increased potential for forced tying, pure bundling, or analogous practices (e.g. full line forcing) that could restrict buyer choice but also lower prices. Under certain strict conditions, consumers could gain in the short run but suffer long term harm from such practices if they eventually result in a sufficient reduction of competitors and capacity in a market. The hypothetical nature of such harm has led some to conclude that instead of prohibiting mergers having potentially harmful portfolio effects, competition agencies should instead take a wait and see attitude. That would involve using abuse of dominance or monopolisation prohibitions to control negative effects should they actually materialise.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v4-art2-en
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  • 96
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    Aid Responses to Afghanistan : Lessons from Previous Evaluations (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 87-159
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesures d'aide à prendre face à la situation en Afghanistan : Les leçons à tirer des évaluations passées
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 87-159
    Keywords: Development ; Afghanistan
    Abstract: "Aid Responses to Afghanistan: Lessons from Previous Evaluations" was a key background paper prepared by Niels Dabelstein for the DAC Experts’ Meeting on "Afghanistan Reconstruction and Recovery: Seeing Round the Corner" (May 2002, OECD, Paris). It was also discussed at the DAC Senior Level Meeting in December 2001. The DAC Afghanistan meeting provided some useful independent advice to policy makers and practioners by discussing openly the complex, fundamental issues underpinning reconstruction and relief strategies. Participants delved into questions of governance and security, capacity building in government and civil society, and the regional dynamics, such as the role of the war economy; topics that were in keeping with the broader set of priorities identified at the Ministerial Meeting in Tokyo, 21-22 January 2002 and the Implementation Group meeting on 10-11 April 2002.
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v3-art23-en
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  • 97
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    Promoting Competition in the Natural Gas Industry (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 67-145
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promouvoir la concurrence dans le secteur du gaz naturel
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 67-145
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Natural gas is a key source of energy for OECD countries, both in its own right and as an input into the production of electricity. Regulatory reform in this sector shares both important similarities and important differences with regulatory reform in other network industries. Like other network industries, regulatory reform in natural gas involves promoting competition in the competitive segments of the industry (particularly competition between gas producers), the development of a robust regime for access to the remaining essential facilities, and structural separation between the competitive and non-competitive segments of the industry. OECD countries have pursued each of these steps, licensing independent producers, pricing access to pipeline infrastructure and separating gas production from transportation (although long-term take-or-pay contracts make this last reform more difficult). Unlike other network industries, however, the structure of the industry varies widely from country to country according to the number of domestic gas producers, the geographic location of pipelines and the uses to which natural gas is put. Countries which rely primarily on imported gas have less to gain from domestic reform and much to gain from reform in producing countries. As OECD gas sources diminish and reliance on imports increases, regulatory reform in natural gas will increasingly become an issue for international trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v4-art6-en
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  • 98
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    Competition and Regulation Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 102-222
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 122 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence et réglementation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 102-222
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The pharmaceutical sector is a dynamic, research-intensive industry that is fundamentally influenced by a web of regulations designed to a) promote research and innovation in the design and production of drugs, b) protect consumers from potentially harmful effects of drugs, and c) to control public and private expenditure on drugs. These objectives are sometimes in conflict and may require a balancing of the interests of producers and consumers. Since most consumers have some form of health insurance, their incentives to control their purchasers of pharmaceuticals or to purchase from the most efficient pharmacist are limited. Health insurers seek to control pharmaceutial expenditure through various policies such as co-payments, lists of approved drugs and maximum reimbursement levels for different drugs. If reimbursement levels for pharmacists are set at a national or regional level, incentives for entry by new pharmacists are excessive in certain locations, typically leading to restrictions on the establishment of new pharmacies. Wellthought out reform of this industry has the potential to reduce pharmaceutical expenditures while maintaining the quality of the drugs consumed.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v4-art10-en
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  • 99
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    The OECD Budgeting Database (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 155-171
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Base de données de l'OCDE sur le budget
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 155-171
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The following series of tables contain information on parliamentary budget procedures in OECD Member countries. They were compiled from information submitted by Member countries to the OECD Secretariat. Note that per cent totals at the bottom of each table may not add up to 100% due to rounding, and in a few circumstances when multiple answers are allowed.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v1-art19-en
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  • 100
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    Country ownership and operations (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 81-86
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Appropriation à l'échelon local et activités sur le terrain
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 81-86
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The EC reforms aim to improve operational effectiveness in partner countries. Recent policy emphasis on poverty reduction, host country ownership, the use of CSP and PRSP mechanisms, deconcentration, and results orientation, among other reforms, are now beginning to be systematised in the field. These new directions are at various levels of implementation and already suggest the utility of close Delegation-Headquarters collaboration. Monitoring of system innovations is necessary to adjust to the realities of local implementation. Peer Review feedback suggests that both host country ownership and EC effectiveness would benefit from a further extension of field authority to engage in strategy development and policy dialogue.
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v3-art22-en
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