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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (138)
  • 1980-1984  (138)
  • 1945-1949
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (106)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press  (32)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (138)
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Language
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Year
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Publisher
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Objectifs et effets de l'intervention financière des pouvoirs publics dans les transports de personnes : Rapport de la soixante-septième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 10 et 11 mai 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104552
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.67
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aims and Effects of Public Financial Support for Passenger Transport; Report of the Sixty-Seventh Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 10-11 May 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104552-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Possibilities and Limits of Regulation in Transport Policy : Report of the Sixty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 September 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.62
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilités et limites d'une polique de réglementation dans les transports ; Rapport de la soixante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 29 et 30 septembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the history, possibilities and limits of regulation in transport policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105214-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coûts et avantages des mesures de sécurité routière : Rapport de la soixante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 17 et 18 novembre 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104514
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Costs and Benefits of Road Safety Measures; Report of the Sixty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 17-18 November 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine les coûts et les avantages des mesures de sécurité routière. Elle étudie les méthodologies, les perspectives et les expériences des pays avant de parvenir à une série de conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104514-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Costs and Benefits of Road Safety Measures : Report of the Sixty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 17-18 November 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts et avantages des mesures de sécurité routière ; Rapport de la soixante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 17 et 18 novembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of road safety measures, examining methodologies, prospects and country experiences before drawing a series of conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105238-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Possibilités et limites d'une polique de réglementation dans les transports : Rapport de la soixante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 29 et 30 septembre 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104507
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.62
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilities and Limits of Regulation in Transport Policy; Report of the Sixty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 September 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine l’histoire, les possibilités et les limites de la réglementation de la politique des transports.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104507-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Goods Distribution Systems in Urban Areas : Report of the Sixty-First Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 December 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105221
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de distribution des marchandises dans les aires urbaines ; Rapport de la soixante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 15 et 16 décembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the dimensions of urban goods transport, the policy making context, and possible courses of action to deal with issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105221-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070035
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 206; Avian Reproduction Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cette Ligne directrice est de déterminer les effets sur la reproduction d'une substance administrée avec de la nourriture aux oiseaux. Des oiseaux sont alimentés par un régime contenant la substance d'essai à différentes concentrations pendant une période de moins de 20 semaines. Un minimum de trois concentrations alimentaires de la substance d'essai est exigé. La concentration maximum d'essai recommandée est de 1000 ppm. Les oiseaux peuvent être répartis dans les cages, soit en couple (au moins 12 cages par groupe d'essai), soit un mâle et deux ou trois femelles (au moins 8-12 cages par groupe) Les oiseaux sont amenés, par modification de la photopériode, à pondre des oeufs. Les oeufs sont rassemblés sur une période de dix semaines, artificiellement incubés et éclosent, et les jeunes sont élevés pendant 14 jours. Les équipements appropriés pour élever des oiseaux, de préférence en local clos, sont nécessaires. On observe la mortalité des adultes, la production d'oeufs, les oeufs fêlés, l'épaisseur de la coquille (au moins deux oeufs de chaque cage), la viabilité, l’éclosabilité et les effets sur de jeunes oiseaux pendant l'étude.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070035-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L' action exercée par l'Etat sur la redistribution du revenu (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.11
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La présente étude examine les données dont on dispose quant à l'incidence exercée sur la répartition des revenus, dans un certain nombre de pays de l'OCDE, par la fiscalité et la dépense publique. Elle entre dans le cadre d'une étude plus vaste, portant sur le rôle du secteur public, et destinée à être publiée ultérieurement. Son apport principal consiste à rassembler les résultats d'études existantes, qu'elle présente sous une forme grosso modo comparable, et non à effectuer de nouvelles analyses ou à fournir de nouveaux résultats. Les informations y sont présentées de manière à permettre au lecteur d'apprécier l'influence exercée sur la répartition du revenu par les transferts publics en espèces, les avantages découlant de la dépense publique et la fiscalité, tant isolément que dans leur ensemble. L'étude décrit brièvement la méthodologie sur laquelle s'appuient ces estimations et en examine les principaux résultats, pays par pays et de manière globale ...
    DOI: 10.1787/147485734062
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real Gross Product in OECD Countries and Associated Purchasing Power Parities (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.17
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This report contains a new set of results on the levels of real per capita GDP and its main components in OECD countries in 1980, with estimates for later years upto 1984. Real per capita GDP is obtained by valuing the goods and services in different countries at a fixed set of prices, namely, the average prices prevailing at the time within the group of countries covered. This procedure is essentially the same as that used to measure volume changes over time within a single country when the fixed prices of some base year are used to compile expenditure or output series at constant prices. The international measures of real per capita GDP for different countries can therefore be interpreted in the same way as the volume indices which are used to measure real rates of growth within a single country. These international volume measures may be contrasted with measures of per capita GDP which are frequently obtained by converting data for different countries into a single currency ...
    DOI: 10.1787/222684453676
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aims and Effects of Public Financial Support for Passenger Transport : Report of the Sixty-Seventh Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 10-11 May 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104569
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.67
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Objectifs et effets de l'intervention financière des pouvoirs publics dans les transports de personnes ; Rapport de la soixante-septième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 10 et 11 mai 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the aims and effects of public subsidies for passenger transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104569-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204; Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 204 ‘Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069985-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Cost of Combined Transport : Report of the Sixty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 January 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.64
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût du transport combiné ; Rapport de la soixante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 janvier 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examined the various combined transport systems, assessed their costs, technical developements, and benefits, aznd drew a series of conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105245-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Le coût du transport combiné : Rapport de la soixante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 janvier 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104521
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.64
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Cost of Combined Transport; Report of the Sixty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 January 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine les différents systèmes de transport combiné, estime leurs coûts, les évolutions techniques et les avantages et parvient à une série de conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104521-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Le transport public dans les aires rurales : Transport de ligne et de ramassage : rapport de la soixante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 16 et 17 février 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104538
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Transport in Rural Areas; Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Services; Report of the Sixty-Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 February 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde sur le transport public dans les aires rurales comprend des rapports sur la Belgique, le Danemark, la France, l’Allemagne, la Suisse et le Royaume-Uni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104538-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070011
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 205; Avian Dietary Toxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cette Ligne directrice est de déterminer les effets d'une substance administrée avec de la nourriture aux oiseaux. Des oiseaux sont alimentés par un régime contenant la substance d'essai à différentes concentrations pendant une période de cinq jours. Deux groupes de contrôle et un groupe de traitement pour chacun des cinq niveaux (au moins) de concentrations alimentaires de la substance d'essai devraient être employés. Chaque groupe se compose de 10 oiseaux. La durée minimum de l'essai est de huit jours : cinq jours d'alimentation avec la substance d'essai, suivis de trois jours d'alimentation normale. Des équipements appropriés pour l’élevage d’oiseaux en local clos sont nécessaires. Ceux-ci incluent des mécanismes de régulation de la température, de l'humidité et de la lumière au besoin, ainsi que des cages de capacité suffisante pour élever des oiseaux. La mortalité et les signes de toxicité sont enregistrés quotidiennement. Les observations suivantes devraient être faites pendant l'essai : des signes d'intoxication et de tout autre comportement anormal, la mortalité, le poids corporels et la consommation de nourriture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070011-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Budget Deficits and Fiscal Stance (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.15
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Conventionally, fiscal policy analysis makes a distinction between "discretionary" budget changes and "built-in stability". This distinction is the first step to defining a structural budget balance operationally. Budget deficits vary automatically with the business cycle. Revenues automatically rise as the economy expands; unemployment transfers are reduced, leaving a deficit or surplus at the cyclical peak which may be termed a "structural" budget balance. The "built-in stabilizer" component of the deficit should be self-cancelling as the cyclical output gap is closed so that it is temporary and non-structural. A structural budget deficit is then that excess of public spending over revenues which would persist if the economy were to grow steadily at its highest sustainable employment rate, i.e. at the same rate as potential output.
    DOI: 10.1787/050184860264
    URL: Volltext
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects of a substance administered with food to birds. Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of five days. Two control groups and one treatment group for each of the, at least, five dietary levels of the test substance should be used. Each group consists of 10 birds. The minimum duration of the test is eight days: five days on the test diet followed by a minimum of three days on normal diet. Suitable facilities for holding birds indoors are necessary. These include mechanisms for temperature, humidity and light control as required, as well as pens of suitable capacity for rearing the birds. Mortalities and signs of toxicity are recorded daily. The following observations should be made during the test: signs of intoxication and other abnormal behaviour; mortality; body weights; food consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070004-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071353
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 477; Genetic Toxicology; Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Suite à la décision du Conseil de l’OCDE, l’essai 477 « Toxicologie Génétique : Essais de Mutation Létale Récessive liée au Sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster » a été supprimé le 2 avril 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071353-fr
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈ (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070059
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 207; Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice inclut deux méthodes : un essai de toxicité par contact sur papier et un essai avec un sol artificiel. L’espèce recommandée est Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). L’essai de dépistage initial (essai de contact sur papier filtre) implique d'exposer des vers de terre aux substances d'essai sur papier filtre humide afin d'identifier les produits chimiques potentiellement toxiques pour les vers de terre dans le sol. Cinq doses au moins, choisies dans une série géométrique, et dix répliques au moins (un ver par fiole) pour chaque traitement devraient être employées. Des essais sont faits dans l'obscurité et pendant une période de 48 heures. L'essai avec le sol artificiel fournit des données de toxicité plus représentative de l'exposition naturelle des vers de terre aux produits chimiques. Il implique de maintenir des vers de terre dans les échantillons d'un sol artificiel de composition précisément définie. Cinq concentrations, d'une série géométrique, de la substance d'essai sont appliquées. Une concentration ne provoquant aucune mortalité et une concentration provoquant une mortalité totale devraient être employées. Quatre réplicats pour chaque traitement sont recommandées. La mortalité est relevée les jours 7 et 14 après l’application.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070059-fr
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069992
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 204; Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test; 14-Day Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Suite à la décision du Conseil de l’OCDE, l’essai 204 "Poisson, Toxicité Prolongée: Étude sur 14 Jours" a été supprimé le 2 avril 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069992-fr
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Transport in Rural Areas : Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Services: Report of the Sixty-Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 February 1984 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105252
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport public dans les aires rurales ; Transport de ligne et de ramassage ; rapport de la soixante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 16 et 17 février 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table on Public Transport in Rural Areas includes reports from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105252-en
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systèmes de distribution des marchandises dans les aires urbaines : Rapport de la soixante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 15 et 16 décembre 1983 (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104491
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Goods Distribution Systems in Urban Areas; Report of the Sixty-First Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 December 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine les dimensions du transport de marchandises en milieu urbain, le contexte de la prise de décision politique et les mesures envisageables pour traiter ces problèmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104491-fr
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    La conduite de la politique monétaire dans la phase actuelle de reprise économique (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Après la longue récession qui a suivi le second choc pétrolier, la reprise économique est actuellement amorcée dans la plupart des grands pays de l'OCDE. Elle est d'une importance variable selon les pays : si les Etats-Unis connaissent d'ores et déjà une croissance rapide de la production et une réduction sensible du chômage, on n'observe dans certains pays européens que les tout premiers signes d'un redressement. Néanmoins, la situation semble devoir s'améliorer dans presque tous les pays. En dehors de l'Amérique du Nord, toutefois, on continue de craindré que la reprise ne se révèle fragile dans le cadre de la politique actuellement suivie. De même, on se demande, surtout aux Etats-Unis, si la reprise ne se développera pas trop rapidement, ce qui relancerait l'inflation. Dans la conjoncture actuelle, le problème qui se pose aux autorités est de faire en sorte que ni l'un ni l'autre de ces risques éventuels ne se matérialise afin d'assurer une période d'expansion soutenue. L'étude ...
    DOI: 10.1787/267887452308
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    Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206; Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects on the reproduction of a substance administered with food to birds.Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance in various concentrations for a period of not less than 20 weeks. A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. Birds may be kept in pens as pairs (at least 12 pens per test group) or as groups of one male and two or three females (at least 8-12 pens per group). Birds are induced, by photoperiod manipulation, to lay eggs. Eggs are collected over a ten-week period, artificially incubated and hatched, and the young maintained for 14 days. Suitable facilities for rearing birds, preferably indoors, are necessary. Mortality of adults, egg production, cracked eggs, egg shell thickness (at least two eggs from each pen), viability, hatchability and effects on young birds are observed during the study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070028-en
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  • 25
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    Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 477 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071346-en
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  • 26
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    Taux d'activité : Analyse et projections (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document étudie l'influence des conditions du marché du travail, des revenus réels et des transferts publics sur l'évolution des taux d'activité, à l'aide d'un modèle néo-classique de maximisation de l'utilité. Le modèle de base est complété par des facteurs socio-démographiques tels que le développement de l'enseignement supérieur, la croissance du secteur des services et les variations de la répartition par âge de la population d'âge actif. Trois techniques différentes ont été utilisées pour estimer les équations des taux d'activité féminins et masculins, sur la base de séries chronologiques portant sur six grands pays. On a également effectué une extrapolation à 1990 des effectifs d'âge actif et des taux d'activité afin de faciliter l'analyse des tendances que pourrait marquer la population active dans les années à venir ...
    DOI: 10.1787/231035600311
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  • 27
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    Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207; Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test substances on moist filter paper in order to identify potentially toxic chemicals to earthworms in soil. Five or more treatment levels in a geometric series and, at least, ten replicates (one worm per vial) for each treatment should be used. Tests are done in the dark and for a period of 48 hours. The artificial soil test gives toxicity data more representative of natural exposure of earthworms to chemicals. It involves keeping earthworms in samples of a precisely defined artificial soil. Five concentrations, in a geometric series, of the test substance have been applied. One concentration resulting in no mortality and one resulting in total mortality should be used. Four replicates for each treatment are recommended. Mortality is assessed 7 and 14 days after application.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070042-en
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  • 28
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    Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Dominant lethal (DL) effects cause embryonic or foetal death. Induction of a dominant lethal event after exposure to a test substance (liquid, solid, vapour or gas, …) indicates that the substance has affected germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical anomalies), but gene mutations and toxic effects cannot be excluded. This Test Guideline recommends rats or mice as the test species. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated virgin females. The most widely used is the single administration of the test substance by oral or by intraperitoneal injection. Normally, three dose levels should be used. The various germ cell stages can be tested separately by the use of sequential mating intervals. The females are sacrificed after an appropriate period of time, and the contents of the uteri are examined to determine the numbers of implants and live and dead embryos. The calculation of the dominant lethal effect is based on comparison of the live implants per female in the treated group to the live implants per female in the control group.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071360-en
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  • 29
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    Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071377
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 478; Genetic Toxicology; Rodent Dominant Lethal Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les effets létaux dominants (LD) causent la mort embryonnaire ou foetale. L’induction d'un événement létal dominant après exposition à une substance d'essai (liquide, solide, vapeur ou gaz,…) indique que la substance a affecté le tissu germinal des espèces d'essai. Les effets létaux dominants sont souvent le résultat des aberrations chromosomiques (anomalies structurales et numériques), mais les mutations géniques et les effets toxiques ne peuvent pas être exclus. Cette Ligne directrice recommande des rats ou des souris comme espèces d'essai. Généralement, des mâles sont exposés à la substance d'essai et accouplés aux femelles vierges non traitées. Le moyen le plus employé est l'administration unique de la substance d'essai par voie orale ou par injection intrapéritonéale. Normalement, trois niveaux de dose devraient être employés. Les différentes étapes de la formation des cellules germinales peuvent être testées séparément en employant différents intervalles d'accouplement. Les femelles sont sacrifiées après une période appropriée, et le contenu des utérus est examiné pour déterminer les nombres d'implants et d'embryons vivants et morts. Le calcul de l'effet létal dominant repose sur la comparaison du nombre d'embryons implantés vivants par femelle dans le groupe traité et dans le groupe témoin.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071377-fr
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  • 30
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    Monetary Policy in the OECD INTERLINK Model (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The international financial linkage block of the OECD Secretariat's multi-country model, INTERLINK, is based on a portfolio balance model of exchange rate determination. International consistency is ensured by cross country restrictions on parameters imposed during estimation (1). However, in an earlier version of the model, the specification of the domestic financial sector for each country was too rudimentary for simulation analysis under alternative monetary policy assumptions. The main element missing from this version of the model was an explicit formulation of the money demand and supply process (2). This gap has been filled in the version of the model reported in this study, which opens the way for a more comprehensive set of alternative policy regimes under which the model can be run, notably: non-accommodating monetary policy; managed floating; fixed exchange rates; and floating with accommodating monetary policy. These will be elaborated upon in more detail below. In a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735345408701
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  • 31
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    The Demand for Money and Velocity in Major OECD Countries (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.13
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In recent years the behaviour of the income velocity of money in major OECD economies has displayed considerable volatility for both narrow and broad monetary aggregates (Table 1). Velocity in a number of large OECD economies, for example, fell sharply in 1982. Most notably, declines in the income velocity of M1, M2 and M3 in the United States of 2.3, 4.9 and 5.9 per cent, respectively, were large by historical standards. Such movements in velocity may arise as a consequence of changes in money demand in two important ways: they may result from movements along the money demand function, as the normal implication of changes in its interest rate and inflation expectations arguments; and the money demand function itself may shift (money demand instability), leading to unpredictable changes in velocity. Velocity may also move as the mechanical result of policies by the authorities which alter the supply of money in the short run, while the private sector is able to adjust only with ...
    DOI: 10.1787/808007523862
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  • 32
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    Language Crafted : A Linguistic Theory of Poetic Syntax (1984)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054333
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: linguistics
    Abstract: Stylistics is at a crossroad, according to Timothy Austin. It must find a way of bridging the chasm that separates it from deconstructionism and a means of restoring the faith of disillusioned stylists, like Stanley Fish and his followers, in its precepts. Offering a new, comprehensive, and clearly articulated theory of stylistics, Language Crafted is a first-and giant-step toward the goal of the revitalization of stylistics. Austin sets out the standards that a general theory of stylistics must meet. It must delimit its range of phenomena; it should offer a well-defined theoretical model, complete with theoretical categories and a description of the ways those categories relate to one another; it must evaluate the capacity of the model to analyze data in an approp- riate and elegant way; and it should examine the implications of its conclusions for associated fields. Using these standards, Austin outlines a linguistic theory of poetic syntax, elaborating on its provisions and extending its exemplifications to cover a broad spectrum of authors and texts. Austin's refreshing approach to poetic syntax offers great hope for a positive and productive future for the discipline of stylistics
    Note: English
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    Radical Humanism : Selected Essays (1984)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253055453
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Radical Humanism gives English-language readers the opportunity to expand their acquaintance with one of the most penetrating intellects of the postwar era. Philosopher, novelist, activist, and cultural, literary, and political critic, Jean Amery (1912-78) was a man of passionate concerns and interests. The astonishing range of his thought is admirably represented in the twelve essays collected here for the first time. Drawing from Amery's works covering the period 1967-78, Sidney and Stella Rosenfeld have chosen essays that fall into the broad categories of autobiography; reflections on Judaism; history and politics; and examinations of other writer-philosophers. Each of the pieces demonstrates Amery's remarkable ability to discern the very essence of any subject to which he applies himself, be it a political trend, a historic event or movement, an epoch, a life, or a philosophy. Jean Amery was not only a brilliant thinker but a master stylist. All the strengths of his incomparable writing are preserved in the Rosenfelds' outstanding translation, which readers will find provocative, illuminating, and-always-powerful
    Note: English
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    The Philosophy of F.W.J. Schelling (1984)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253057716
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: The philosophy of Schelling, prince of the romantics, has long been overshadowed by that of his contemporary Hegel. Werner Marx's welcome reassessment provides an appreciation of Schelling's unique thought and its relevance for present-day philosophical issues. The first of three essays draws an enlightening comparison between Schelling's conception of history and that of the contemporary social philosopher Jurgen Habermas. The second compares Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism and Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. In the third, Marx demonstrates that Schelling resolved the problem of the relation of freedom to necessity through a metaphysics of the absolute
    Note: English
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  • 35
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    Metaphor Reexamined : A Non-Aristotelian Perspective (1984)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253055484
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Breaking away from the traditional "neo-Aristotelian" view of metaphor. Liselotte Gumpel's ambitious study offers a new "non-Aristotelian" approach based on the phenomenological semantica of Roman Ingarden and the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce. The author seeks to grasp the meaning of metaphor throughan exhaustiveexploration of meaning in language, from its acquisition by young speakers to its repeated origination in sound when spoken and in the visual sign when written. She identifies the fundamental semantic operations that differentiate literal from literary use of language. Next, metaphor is examined in all of its semantic idiosyncrasies. Gumpel's theory culminates in the development of a functional or structural metaphor that can neither dissapear nor "die." Applying the theory, Gumpel presents several textual analyses, relating the categories of argument, discent, and theme to the sue of metaphor by Brecht, Dickinson, and Celan. A final section provides an incisive critique of theories of metaphor from Aristotle to the present. An important intellectual accomplishment, Metaphor Reexamined yields original insights and supplies a mine of information for scholars in the philosophy of language, literary theory, semiotics, and linguistics
    Note: English
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  • 36
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    Songs to Seven Strings : Russian Guitar Poetry and Soviet "Mass Song" (1984)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253061478
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: History of other lands
    Abstract: In the early 1960s, searching for a fresh style and a new way of bringing their words to the Soviet public, a number of Russian poets began singing their verse to their own solo accompaniment on the traditional seven-stringed guitar. At about the same time, tape recorders became widely available in the USSR. Privately recorded and circulated on tape-a process called magnitizdat-guitar poetry quickly became the most popular form of dissident culture in the post-Stalin period. The guitar poets and their songs are known and loved throughout the USSR. Songs to Seven Strings is the first book in any language about this unusual literary genre. Smith places guitar poetry within the context of official "mass song"; "middle ground" songs, where official and unofficial cultures overlap; and the strong underground traditions of the gypsy song, cruel romance, and criminal song
    Note: English
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  • 37
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    Prix de transfert et entreprises multinationales : Trois études fiscales (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264167834
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing and Multinational Enterprises; Three Taxation Issues
    Keywords: Taxation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264167834-fr
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  • 38
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    Transfer Pricing and Multinational Enterprises : Three Taxation Issues (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264167803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prix de transfert et entreprises multinationales ; Trois études fiscales
    RVK:
    QP 836
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Digitised document - Electronic release on 24/11/2011
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264167803-en
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  • 39
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    Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports en 1980. Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1981. Volume II (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106822
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport sur l'évolution des investissment ext prestations dans les transports dans les Etats de la CEMT en 1980 est divisé en quatre chapitres récapitulatifs et une Annexe statistique. Le Chapitre 1 décrit les grandes tendances du transport de voyageurs et de marchandises pour chacun des modes au cours des quinze dernières années. Le Chapitre 2 concerne les transports ferroviaires examinés sous l'angle non seulement du trafic, mais encore des réseaux et de l'exploitation. Le Chapitre 3 a trait aux transports routiers, à la taille des infrastructures, au parc de véhicules et à son exploitation. Enfin, les voies navigables intérieures, les ports et les transports par conduites sont décrits au Chapitre 4. La deuxième partie est une rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1981.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106822-fr
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  • 40
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    Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports en 1981. Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982. Volume II (1984)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106846
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport presente l'évolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports dans les Etats membres de la CEMT (1) et est divisé en quatre chapitres récapitulatifs et une annexe statistique. Le chapitre 1 décrit, en les situant dans le contexte économique général, les grandes tendances enregistrées en 1981 pour l'ensemble des transports de voyageurs et de marchandises. Il vise notamment à comparer les évolutions respectives des différents modes de transports. Le chapitre 2 est consacré aux transports ferroviaires qui sont examinés sous l'angle non seulement du trafic mais également des réseaux, du matériel et de l'exploitation. Les transports routiers font l'objet du chapitre 3 qui analyse l'évolution des trafics, des parcs de véhicules, des infrastructures et des conditions d'exploitation. Les transports par voies navigables intérieures et par conduites ainsi que les transports maritimes sont étudiés au chapitre 4. La deuxième partie est un rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106846-fr
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  • 41
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    Modèle de Convention de double imposition concernant les successions et les donations (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180451
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts
    Keywords: Taxation
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g218e7-fr
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  • 42
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    Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264177277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264177277-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 43
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    Transport and Telecommunications : Report of the Fifty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 14th-15th January, 1982 (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et télécommunications ; Rapport de la cinquante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 14 et 15 janvier 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Transport and telecommunications are complementary technologies, essential to the functioning of the economic and social system, which facilitate the making and development of relationships. But as means of communication they also compete. The recent development of telecommunications constitutes a challenge to the transport sector. This report sets out to identify the nature and scope of that challenge.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104460-en
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  • 44
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    Short-Sea Shipping in the Economy of Inland Transport in Europe : Report of the Sixtieth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 1-2 April 1982 (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (189 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.60
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La navigation maritime à courte distance dans l'économie des transports intérieurs européens ; Rapport de la soixantième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Göteborg, Suède, les 1er et 2 avril 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table includes reports on Short Sea Shipping from five countries: Greece, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105207-en
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  • 45
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    Transport is for People : Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. Introductory reports and summary of the discussion (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107324
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (674 p.)
    Series Statement: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport au service de l'homme ; Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Rapports introductifs et synthèse
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book contains the introductory reports and discussion summary for the Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, held in Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. The conference focused on transport for people.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107324-en
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    Le transport au service de l'homme : Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Rapports introductifs et synthèse (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (751 p.)
    Series Statement: Symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport is for People; Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. Introductory reports and summary of the discussion
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce livre comprend les rapports introductifs et une synthèse du Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Cette conférence était consacrée au transport au service de l'homme.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107331-fr
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    Service Lives of Fixed Assets (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.4
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Participants in the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in February 1980 requested the Secretariat to prepare a report on service lives of capital assets. Estimating service lives is one of the more difficult problems in using the perpetual inventory method to calculate capital stocks. While an earlier OECD report, The Measurement of Capital (40), had touched on the problem, participants agreed that this was an area where a more detailed study of country practices would be useful. A consultant, M. Pierre Teillet, was asked to conduct a survey of country practices and to prepare an initial report, which was briefly discussed at the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in June 1981. The present study, which has been prepared by the Economic Statistics and National Accounts Division of the ESD, draws both on the earlier work by M. Teillet and on the substantial quantity of reports, working papers and other documentation on capital stock estimates supplied by statistical ...
    DOI: 10.1787/546835542570
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    Dynamique des prix et structure industrielle : une analyse théorique et économétrique (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 123 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L'objet de cette étude est de présenter une analyse de la dynamique des prix industriels en relation avec l'évolution des coûts de production et les fluctuation de l'activité économique, dans quelques pays de l'OCDE au cours des vingt dernières années. Les succès récents que certains pays ont connu dans la lutte contre l'inflation amènent à se poser une question fondamentale. Le processus de désinflation qu'ont connu certains pays au cours de la dernière période résulte-t-il simplement de la sévérité et de la longueur inhabituelle de la récession qu'on vient ...
    DOI: 10.1787/483558181564
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    Souplesse de la production et inflation : etude globale (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.6
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cette étude porte sur la "ventilation" des variations de la croissance du revenu nominal entre la croissance réelle et l'inflation. Elle présente une analyse descriptive des données de la période d'après-guerre ainsi qu'une analyse par régression qui postule l'existence d'une ventilation dynamique stable. Cette analyse a été effectuée pour tous les pays Membres de l'OCDE. On admet en général que les pouvoirs publics ont la possibilité de maîtriser l'évolution du revenu nominal encore que l'étude présente également quelques données relatives aux rapports entre l'inflation et la croissance du revenu nominal et de la masse monétaire. On examine aussi le rôle des anticipations et de l'incertitude et leurs rapports avec l'action des pouvoirs publics ...
    DOI: 10.1787/016221755377
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    Medium-Term Financial Strategy : The Co-ordination of Fiscal and Monetary Policies (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the medium-term financial strategies operating in and available to OECD economies. Three issues are discussed: first, the rationale for the increasing adoption of medium-term budgetary and monetary objectives; second, the appropriate criteria for the determination of medium-term policy norms, and the institutional means through which these are implemented; and third, the problems of ensuring consistency between short-term policies and medium-term goals. Underlying these issues is the theme of monetary and fiscal policy co-ordination and the medium-term effectiveness of demand management. To the extent that central banks can contain the pressures stemming from the mix of restrictive monetary targets and expansionary budgets, monetary and fiscal policies might be assigned to different objectives - inflation control and short-term employment support respectively (although monetary restraint would not free expansionary fiscal action ...
    DOI: 10.1787/034626486843
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    Transports et télécommunications : Rapport de la cinquante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 14 et 15 janvier 1982 (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104477
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport and Telecommunications; Report of the Fifty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 14th-15th January, 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Le transport et les télécommunications sont des technologies complémentaires, essentielles au fonctionnement du système économique et social, ce qui facilite la création et le développement de liens. Mais ils se font également concurrence en tant que moyens de communication. Le développement récent des télécommunications représente un défi pour le secteur des transports. Ce rapport vise à identifier la nature et l’ampleur de ce défi.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104477-fr
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  • 52
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    La navigation maritime à courte distance dans l'économie des transports intérieurs européens : Rapport de la soixantième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Göteborg, Suède, les 1er et 2 avril 1982 (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104484
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.60
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Short-Sea Shipping in the Economy of Inland Transport in Europe; Report of the Sixtieth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 1-2 April 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde comprend des rapports sur la navigation maritime à courte distance de cinq pays : Grèce, Italie, Norvège, Suède et le Royaume-Uni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104484-fr
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  • 53
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    Simulation des effets macro-économiques d'une forte baisse des prix pétroliers (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Devant le recul sensible de la demande de pétrole des pays de l'OPEP, que l'on observe depuis 1980, les prix internationaux en dollars du pétrole ont fléchi légèrement en 1981 et en 1982 pour chuter nettement au début de 1983. La présente note s'appuie sur des simulations réalisées à partir du modèle de l'économie mondiale, INTERLINK, du Secrétariat de l'OCDE, pour examiner les facteurs qui détermineront les principales conséquences macro-économiques de la baisse des prix du pétrole pour la zone de l'OCDE. Les pays importateurs nets de pétrole en retireront trois avantages non négligeables: la poursuite du recul de l'inflation, le redressement de la balance des opérations courantes et l'augmentation des revenus réels. L'incidence sur la production est moins sûre car elle dépend en partie de la confiance des entreprises et des changements induits dans l'orientation de la politique économique ...
    DOI: 10.1787/230407205876
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    Wage Formation in France : Sectoral Aspects (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.3
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the processes of wage formation in France sector by sector, to idenitfy the reasons for fluctuations in sectoral wage differentials and ascertain whether wage emulation exists. In France no information is available quarterly on sector wages with breakdowns by sex or according to a number of other characteristics, so it was not possible to make use of a number of studies done in other countries on the degree of wage dispersion, such as those of Bouteiller (1971), Pollen (1977), Tachibanaki (1974), and all the studies on the much researched relationship between wage level and membership of a trade union. Here it would be appropriate to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/075052006204
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    Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415; Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed during growth and for at least one complete spermatogenic cycle; females of the Parent generation should be dosed for at least two complete oestrous cycles. The animals are then mated. The test substance is administered to both sexes during the mating period and thereafter only to females during pregnancy and for the duration of the nursing period. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with the rat or mouse. Each test and control group should contain a sufficient number of animals to yield about 20 pregnant females at or near term. Three test groups, at least, should be used. It is recommended that the test substance be administered in the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food consumption) and daily and detailed observations, each day preferably at the same time, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of a reproduction toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. A properly conducted reproduction test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level and an understanding of adverse effects on reproduction, parturition, lactation and postnatal growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070844-en
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    Prix des ressources naturelles et politique macroéconomique : Les enseignements de deux chocs pétroliers (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.5
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce document examine un certain nombre des conséquences que les deux grandes augmentations des prix du pétrole - 1973-74 et 1979-80 - ont eues sur l'économie de l'ensemble de la zone de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/033174516456
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    The Determinants of Exchange Rate Movements (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Exchange rates are relative prices of national currencies, and under a floating rate regime they may naturally be viewed as being determined by the interplay of supply and demand in foreign exchange markets. This proposition is uncontroversial, but it provides no more than a starting point for understanding exchange rate determination and its relationship to other macroeconomic variables and to policy. Supply and demand in currency markets are dependent on conditions in other markets, real and financial, which are affected in turn by exchange rates themselves. In fact any analysis which attempted to be general would describe exchange rates as being determined in a complex process of interaction simultaneously with all other variables in the international macro-economy. Such an approach would prove too cumbersome to be helpful empirically. Simplifying assumptions have therefore been used in most standard models to provide explanations which are in varying degrees partial. Each model ...
    DOI: 10.1787/412364058261
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    Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070851
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 415; One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice pour l’essai sur la reproduction est conçue pour fournir des informations générales concernant les effets d’une substance d’essai (liquide, solide, gaz ou vapeur), sur la performance reproductrice des mâles et des femelles. La substance d’essai est administrée oralement par dose graduée à plusieurs groupes de mâles et de femelles. Les mâles doivent être dosés durant la croissance et au moins pendant un cycle spermatogène complet ; les femelles de la génération parentale doivent être dosées pendant au moins deux cycles oestraux. Les animaux sont alors accouplés. La substance d’essai est administrée aux deux sexes pendant la période d’accouplement et par la suite seulement aux femelles pendant la période de gestation et d’allaitement. Cette Ligne directrice utilise principalement le rat ou la souris. Chaque groupe d'essai et de contrôle devrait contenir un nombre suffisant d'animaux pour garantir environ 20 femelles gravides à terme (ou presque à terme). Trois groupes d’essai au moins doivent être employés. Il est recommandé que la substance d’essai soit administrée dans la nourriture ou dans la boisson. Un essai limite peut être effectué si aucun effet n’est attendu à une dose de 1000 mg/kg poids corporel/j. Les résultats de l’étude comportent des mesures ( poids, consommation de nourriture) et des observations quotidiennes détaillées, tous les jours de préférence au même moment, de même qu’une autopsie générale et de l’histopathologie. Les résultats d'une étude de toxicité de reproduction sont évalués en termes d'effets observés, autopsie et résultats microscopiques. Un essai correctement effectué de reproduction fournit une évaluation satisfaisante d'un niveau de sans effet et une compréhension des effets nuisibles sur la reproduction, la parturition, la lactation et la croissance postnatale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070851-fr
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    Capital, Energy and Labour Substitution : The Supply Block in OECD Medium-Term Models (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.2
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper sets out the various stages in the construction and estimation of a supply block for medium-term projection models. It describes the theoretical basis for the specification chosen and the estimation results. The basic block is a set of production factor demand functions. It is refined by modelling the scrapping behaviour of firms, introducing the effects stemming from movements in hours worked, and examining the role of profits. Other possible changes or improvements are outlined. The model is used to simulate the effects of movements in the relative prices of labour, capital and energy in recent years ...
    DOI: 10.1787/117343004583
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    Utilisation des élasticités de la demande dans l'estimation de la demande de l'énergie (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La question des réactions de la demande de pétrole et d'énergie aux variations du revenu et des prix reste au premier plan des débats consacrés à la politique économique. Comme l'on n'escompte qu'un ...
    DOI: 10.1787/028781758182
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    Representational Mind : A Study of Kant's Theory of Knowledge (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253051783
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: While many works on Kant's theory of knowledge place primary emphasis on assessing the validity of Kant's arguments, Richard E. Aquila aims first at clarifying the meaning of basic claims and concepts as Kant himself understood them. Representational Mind offers an interpretation of some of the most fundamental epistemological distinctions that Kant drew: between matter and form, intuition and concept, and things in themselves and appearances. Aquila's analysis centers on a theory of consciousness as the conceptual determination of intentional objects, the structure of which is grounded in forms of intuition. This approach, which distinguishes between concepts as mere predicates of judgments and as representations that phenomenologically inform intuitions, leads to a fuller grasp of the role of conceptualization in thinking. Shedding new light on the meaning of Kant's Transcendental Aesthetic, Aquila also gives extended treatment to imag- ination and schematism. The concluding chapter is devoted to the problem of self- awareness and the flow of time . An important contribution to the dialogue between phenomenological and analytical perspectives, Representational Mind will be of interest to scholars and students concerned with the history of modern philosophy and with philosophical problems involving the nature of mind and the intentionality of consciousness
    Note: English
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  • 62
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    Art and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Russia (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253061454
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: History of other lands
    Abstract: In terms of cultural achievements, the nineteenth century was Russia's golden age, when increased literacy and heightened national consciousness combined to spur the growth of high culture. This rich collection of thirteen original essays by leading scholars delves into the relationship of Russian culture to society, circa 1775-1885
    Note: English
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    Stubborn Weeds : Popular and Controversial Chinese Literature After the Cultural Revolution (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253051806
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Anthologies (non-poetry)
    Abstract: The literature of the People's Republic of China became livelier and more varied during the "thaw" of 1979-80 than at any other time since the revolution. Perry Link, who lived in China during that period, has assembled the most representative examples, as well as those of most interest to Western readers, of "stubborn weeds"-the writing that would not die in spite of the pressures of the Cultural Revolution. The volume indicates fiction, drama, poetry, and such popular performing arts as comedians' dialogues and clappertales. The writers range from the prize-winning JiangZilong, to the controversial Bai Hua, to university students who wrote under pseudonymns in unofficial publications. In addition to exposing the injustices of the Cultural Revolution, the writers touch on previously heretical topics such as homosexuality, poverty, and the corruption of the regime. Perry Link's informative introductions trace the byzantine twists and turns in contemporary China and place them in a societal context. Because of its rich reflection of Chinese realities, Stubborn Weeds will interest sociologists and political scientists as well as literary scholars and general readers, who will welcome these authentic views
    Note: English
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    After Brezhnev : Sources of Soviet Conduct in the 1980s (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253061416
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: History of other lands
    Abstract: With the death of Leonid Brezhnev in November 1982, the Soviet Union faces a critical period. What policies are its new leaders likely to follow? What are the principal strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union and how might they afect the uture conduct of Soviet leaders at home and abroad? A distinguished group of American specialists studies the Soviet system and Soviet society within a context of international politics, attempting to identify and explain the factors that are most likely to influence Soviet policy in the 1980s. The authors have drawn on the talents of thirty-five experts in seven disciplines to produce this essential volume. Policy makers, students, specialists, and the public will find here a coherent framework for understanding the future conduct of the Soviet Union
    Note: English
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    Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia : Enlarged Edition, 1917-1981 (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253061430
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: History of other lands
    Abstract: According to Stalin, Soviet music was to be "an art national in form and socialist in content." The degree to wich this dictum has been followed in modern Russian music is scrupulously recorded in the enlarged edition of Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia. It contains Boris Schwarz' frank comentary on Soviet music, composers, concerts, competitions, and musical conditions in the Soviet Union. But the book as a whole is more than a musical history. It encompasses the growth of Soviet cultural life-not only composition and performane, but also ballet and opera, educational institutions and curricula, books and journals on music, and musical "politics."
    Note: English
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    Language Change (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054258
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: linguistics
    Abstract: The elusive study of language change deals with discernible realia, such as sounds or structured groups of sounds, or words with their intra- and interrelationships. But these empirial data are constantly changing, and even interpreting them may be influenced by new linguistic circumstances. Description of language change has the advantage of hard evidence, but uncovering the reasons behind a set of language data is not a secure task. Language Change investigates the many facets of human activity that bear on this complex field. It relies on the polar areas of phonology, with its immediate alliance to physiology and physics, and semantics, with its penetration into the meaning of the world at large. Irmengard Rauch and Gerald F. Carr have organized teh volume in four sections-Contemporary Change, Historical Change, Linguists on Language Change, and Strata and Language Change-with almost half the chapters offering contemporary data.The distinguished contributors are Barbara Greim, Wayne Harbert, Henry and Renee KahaneI, Ilse Lehist, Winfred P. Lehmann, David Lightfoot, Yakov Malkiel, Raven McDavid Jr., Els Oksaar, Edgar Polome, Irmengard Rauch, and Frans VanCoetsem. Their range of topics reflects the kaleidoscopic essence of language change itself and will be of falue not only to linguists and semioticians but to historians, sociologists, philosophers, and anthropologists as well
    Note: English
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    Marx : A Philosophy of Human Reality (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054111
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: If we are to understand Marx's thought, argues French philosopher Michel Henry, we must cast aside Marxism. In his original and richly detailed study of Marx's philosophy, Henry emphasizes the importance of approaching Marx's writings directly, rather than through the intermediary of subsequent interpretations, which often have been politically motivated. In contrast to the usual depiction of Marxian thought as an economically oriented analysis of social reality, Henry contends that in Marx's theory philosophy is primary. Therefore, Marx's writings must properly be viewed-and judged-within the context of the modern philosophical tradition . Marx's basic concern, Henry demonstrates, is with the nature of human being, the real conditions of human individuality. Central to Henry's reading of Marx, and elaborated here with unprecedented thoroughness, is the theory of praxis, a conception of the individual not as a thinking being, in the Cartesian tradition, but as a laboring being, a producer and consumer situated in a concrete social world. This novel and provocative contribution to the current debate about the nature and meaning of Marx's thought is essential for students of philosophy, Marxism, and political theory. Kathleen McLaughlin's excellent translation of Henry's abridgement of his two-volume work preserves the power and freshness of the French original
    Note: English
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  • 68
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    People or Monsters? : And Other Stories and Reportage from China after Mao (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253051769
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Anthologies (non-poetry)
    Abstract: The title piece of this collection was an immediate sensation when it was published in China in September 1979. An outstanding example of "reportage," or fictionalized social analysis, "People or Monsters?" is the story of the corruption of an entire commune in a small county in the remote Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China. . . . While many in China were scandalized by Liu's expose, many more saw in it a microcosm of Chinese society. Liu Binyan's lifelong dedication to truth and truth alone has rendered his career-which began in 1951 with a reporting position on the Party newspaper in Beijing-particularly vulnerable to the ever-shifting political tides of Communist China. Condemned to silence in 1958, during the Anti-Rightist campaign subsequent to the famous Hundred Flowers Movement, Liu was finally "rehabilitated" twenty-one years later, after the fall of the Gang of Four. The courageous honesty of "People or Monsters?" infuses all the pieces included in this collection
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  • 69
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    Trends in Transport Investment and Expenditure in 1981. Statistical Report on Road Accidents in 1982 [29th Annual Report. Activity of the Conference] Volume II (1983)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports en 1981. Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982. Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report on trends in investment and expenditure in the transport sector in ECMT Member countries in 1981 consists of four summary chapters and a statistical annex. Chapter 1 sets out the main trends for passenger and freight traffic as a whole in 1981 against the general economic background, the aim being primarily to compare the respective trends for the different modes of transport. Chapter 2 deals with the railways, covering not only traffic but also details of networks, rolling stock and operations. Chapter 3 analyses road transport in terms of trends in traffic, vehicle populations, infrastructures and operating conditions. Inland waterways, pipeline and sea transport are the subject of Chapter 4. The second part of the book presents a statistical report on road accidents in 1982.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106648-en
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  • 70
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    Phonological Markedness and Distinctive Features (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054296
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: linguistics
    Abstract: Phonological Markedness and Distinctive Features establishes a new set of parameters for use in phonological studies of language . Arthur Brakel finds the exciting well-known approaches to phonological description overly elaborate but at the same time inadequate for enumerating and analyzing the many sounds linguists know occur. In their place, he proposes a new set of nineteen articulatory primes based on a priori semiotic principles that establish a distinctive value or markedness of a particular sound quality or articulatory gesture . He bolsters his new theory by testing the primes with examples from the phonemes of twenty-three largely unrelated languages
    Note: English
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  • 71
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    The Sense of Grammar : Language as Semiotic (1983)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054173
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: linguistics
    Abstract: With The Sense of Grammar, Peircean studies take a giant step forward, moving from a preoccupation with textual exegesis into the battleground of linguistic analysis. Working along the lines suggested by Peirce's theory of signs, as interpreted within the context of the philosopher's entire oeuvre, Michael Shapiro proposes a major reorientation of linguistic theory and a shift in the ultimate goals of the study of language structure. Part One provides a theoretical dissection of Peirce's semeiotic and evaluates its importance to structural linguistics. In it Shapiro grapples with the main differences between the theory of signs as Peirce held it before and after 1906. He then applies Peirce's semeiotic to the development of a new theory of grammar, which he tests in Part Two. Drawing examples primarily from the Russian language, Shapiro demonstrates how Peircean semeiotics engages the actual problems of linguistic structure subtended by real data and resolves them in the areas of phonology, morphophonemics, and morphology and semantics
    Note: English
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  • 72
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    L' avenir de l'utilisation de l'automobile : Perspectives de l'utilisation et de la possession de l'automobile: Rapport des la cinquante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports -- Coût d'usage de la voiture : perception du coût et mesures fiscales : Rapport de la cinquante-sixième table ro (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104446
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Use of the Car; Report of the Fifty-Fifth, Fifty-Sixth and Fifty-Seventh Round Tables on Transport Economics
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les délibérations de trois Tables rondes de la CEMT sur l’avenir de l’automobile. La première porte sur l’avenir de la motorisation, la seconde traite de l’utilisation de l’automobile et la troisième porte sur le changement de comportement des automobilistes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104446-fr
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  • 73
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    Trends in Transport Investment and Expenditure in 1979. Statistical Report on Road Accidents in 1980 [27th Annual Report. Activity of the Conference] Volume II (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106600
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports (1979). Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1980. Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106600-en
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  • 74
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    The Future of the Use of the Car : Report of the Fifty-Fifth, Fifty-Sixth and Fifty-Seventh Round Tables on Transport Economics (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir de l'utilisation de l'automobile ; Perspectives de l'utilisation et de la possession de l'automobile; Rapport des la cinquante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports -- Coût d'usage de la voiture ; perception du coût et mesures fiscales ; Rapport de la cinquante-sixième table ro
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of three related ECMT Round Tables on the future of the car. The first concern the future of car ownership, the second concerns the cost of using a car, and the third concerns changing patterns of car usage.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105184-en
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  • 75
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    Bilan de la modélisation de la demande : Confrontation prévisions-résultats dans les transports urbains et interurbains : rapport de la cinquante-huitième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 25 et 26 juin 1981 (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104453
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.58
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Demand Models; Forecast-Recorded Traffic Comparisons for Urban and Intercity Transport; Report of the Fifty-Eighth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 25-26 June 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde évalue les tentatives réalisées depuis le début des années soixante pour modéliser la demande de transports de voyageurs et de marchandises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104453-fr
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  • 76
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    Body Movement and Nonverbal Communication : An Annotated Bibliography, 1971-1981 (1982)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054098
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Literary theory
    Abstract: Researchers and students of body movement and nonverbal communication will find this annotated bibliography an indispensable guide to the literature on the subject that has been produced over the last decade. The editors' objective was not so much to evaluate works as to give readers enough information to determine if a specific text is relevant to their interests. The bibliography includes works published in six languages that are directly concerned with the psychology or anthropology of body movement. Articles or books from areas such as dance therapy, motor learning, psycholinguistics, ethology, and physical education are included only if they deal in some way with behavioral aspects of movement per se and if they are focused clearly on body language-particularly research in body language as opposed to clinical or training program reports. The bibliography reveals that in the 1970s researchers applied more rigorous methods of assessment, sampling, manipulation, and statistical analysis to the study of nonverbal behavior. Body Movement and Nonverbal Communication will stimulate interest and further research in an area that has produced some exciting discoveries about human behavior
    Note: English
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  • 77
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    The Interlingual Critic : Interpreting Chinese Poetry (1982)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054418
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Anthologies (non-poetry)
    Abstract: A critical interpretation and evaluation of Chinese poetry for English-speaking readers , The Interlingual Critic is a sophisticated exploration of the poetic experience and the nature of translation and criticism. The book is an exercise in comparative poetics that contains elements of autobiography, the phenomenology of reading, the theory of translation, poetics, and hermeneutics, as well as practical criticism. Liu delineates a conceptual framework in which any theory of literature or poetics can be analyzed. This framework is based on the interrelations between world, author, work, and reader, and may be illustrated by a tetradic circle, which is repeated in the process of interpretation, with "critic " replacing "author." Liu goes on to discuss problems involved in reading, translating, interpreting, and evaluating Chinese poetry in an interlingual context. The theoretical discussion is followed by an exercise in practical criticism, in which examples of Chinese poetry are analyzed in terms of time-space-self interrelations, with some comparisons to Western poems. The Interlingual Critic represents a cogent and concise synthesis of Chinese and Western theories of literature that will interest critics and students of other national literatures as well as specialists in Chinese poetry
    Note: English
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  • 78
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    The Time of the Sign : A Semiotic Interpretation of Modern Culture (1982)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253051721
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Literary theory
    Abstract: A sociologist-anthropologist and a literary critic bring their complementary perspectives to bear on a critique of modern culture. They point to the academy's domination by a rationalist, liberal tradition as the locus of its decline in the post-modern era. A holistic, semiotic approach is offered as a vital and positive alternative. The book builds and expands on the authors' modified Saussurian model for the analysis of culture presented in the opening section. Part Two explores the implications of the general model for the social sciences and includes a discussion of Marx and Freud after semiotics; Part Three addresses literary and cultural criticism. The penultimate chapter, "On the Discriminations of Signs," reviews the recent historical evolution of intellectual schools of thought, from phenomenology through existentialism, structuralism, post-structuralism, and semiotics. It regards this evolution from the standpoint of the successive transformations of our understanding of "the sign." The book concludes with a critique of counterrevolutionary tendencies that have recently surfaced within semiotics. The Time of the Sign is an invigorating and probing work, with many acute insights into the development and analysis of cultural forms
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  • 79
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    Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports (1979). Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1980. Volume II (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282106808
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trends in Transport Investment and Expenditure in 1979. Statistical Report on Road Accidents in 1980 [27th Annual Report. Activity of the Conference] Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport qui traite du développement des investissment et expenditures des transports dans les pays de la CEMT pour 1979 contient quatre chapitres. Le chapitre 1 résume les principales tendances en matière de transport des passagers et du fret pour chacun des modes. Le chapitre 2 concerne les transports par chemin de fer, mais à la comparaison des transports effectués s'ajoute une description détaillée des réseaux et des opérations ; le chapitre 3 porte sur les transports routiers, la dimension de l'infrastructure, le. parc de véhicules et son utilisation ; et le chapitre 4 sur les voies navigables, les ports et les pipelines. La deuxième partie de le rapport est une rapport statistique sur l'évolution des accidents de la route dans les pays membres de la CEMT et les 4 pays associés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282106808-fr
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  • 80
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    Review of Demand Models : Forecast-Recorded Traffic Comparisons for Urban and Intercity Transport: Report of the Fifty-Eighth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 25-26 June 1981 (1982)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105191
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.58
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bilan de la modélisation de la demande ; Confrontation prévisions-résultats dans les transports urbains et interurbains ; rapport de la cinquante-huitième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 25 et 26 juin 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table is an assessment of the attempts made since the early sixties to model passenger and freight transport demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105191-en
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  • 81
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    Role Playing and Identity : The Limits of Theatre as Metaphor (1982)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Indiana University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780253054371
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: What do actors accomplish when they play characters on stage? Bruce Wilshire contends that through deliberate mimetic involvement, actors attempt to display how we are already mimetically involved with others offstage-bound up with them and authorized by them through imitation. To illustrate his argument that theatre is life-like , Wilshire provides examples from Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, Waiting for Godot, and the work of the avant-garde Polish director Jerzy Grotowski, among others. Wilshire then reverses his focus to show that life is theatre-like. The book's final section includes a thoughtful critique of current theories of social role playing. Wilshire affirms that acting is more than just role playing; it is the process of creating the self. Throughout, he makes use of a phenomenological methodology to establish theatre as the art of imitation that reveals imitation. Role Playing and Identity is an imaginative and broad-ranging reflection on the nature of the human condition that will be admired by social scientists and philosophers as well as by students of the theatre and literary scholars
    Note: English
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  • 82
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    Transports et énergie : Rapport de la cinquante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 20 et 30 avril 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104415
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport and Energy; Report of the Fifty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 April 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104415-fr
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  • 83
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    Les transports sociaux : Personnes âgées et handicapées : rapport de la cinquante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 20 et 21 mars 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104408
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (155 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.51
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Social Service Transport; Transport for Elderly and Handicapped Persons; Report of the Fifty-First Round Table on Transport Economics held in Paris on 20-21 March 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde porte sur le transport des personnes ayant des besoins spécifiques, y compris les personnes âgées et handicapées. Elle traite aussi de sujets comme l'évaluation des besoins et le coût des services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104408-fr
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  • 84
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    Conditions de travail des conducteurs professionnels : Effets sur la productivité et la sécurité routière : rapport de la cinquante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 11 et 12 décembre 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104422
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Working Conditions of Professional Drivers; Effects on Productivity and Road Safety; Report of the Fifty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 11-12 December 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde présente un rapport sur les conditions de travail des conducteurs professionnels. Elle porte sur l’environnement social et la situation de l’emploi, la sécurité routière, la productivité et la santé.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104422-fr
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  • 85
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    L' organisation des services de taxis dans les villes : Rapport de la cinquante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 mars 1981 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104439
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.54
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Organization of Taxi Services in Towns; Report of the Fifty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 March 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde comprend des rapports sur l’organisation des services de taxi de trois pays : Suède, Allemagne et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104439-fr
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  • 86
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    Organization of Taxi Services in Towns : Report of the Fifty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 March 1981 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.54
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'organisation des services de taxis dans les villes ; Rapport de la cinquante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 mars 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105177-en
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  • 87
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    Competitive Position and Future of Inland Waterway Transport : Report of the Forty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 31 January-1 February 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Position concurrentielle et avenir du transport fluvial ; Rapport de la quarante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 31 janvier et 1er février 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the competitive position and future of inland waterway transport in Europe and features a paper by a scientist from the Danube Basin, Leo Chini of Austria.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105139-en
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  • 88
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    Position concurrentielle et avenir du transport fluvial : Rapport de la quarante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 31 janvier et 1er février 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282104392
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (111 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Position and Future of Inland Waterway Transport; Report of the Forty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 31 January-1 February 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine la position concurrentielle et l’avenir du transport fluvial en Europe et comprend un rapport rédigé par un chercheur autrichien du bassin du Danube, Leo Chini.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282104392-fr
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  • 89
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    Test No. 114: Viscosity of Liquids (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114; Viscosité des liquides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114: Viscosité des liquides
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods to measure the viscosity of liquids. The methods listed are appropriate in principle for the investigation of Newtonian liquids. The measurement of non-Newtonian liquids is only possible with the rotational viscometer. Viscosity measurements are carried out predominantly according to five methods: the capillary viscometer, the flow cup, the rotational viscometer, the rolling ball viscometer and the drawing ball viscometer. Each determination of viscosity should preferably be made at a temperature of 20°C and at one other temperature approximately 20°C higher. At least two determinations should be made at each temperature. The evaluation of the viscosity measurement is to be carried out according to the standards in the case of capillary and forced ball viscometers. In the case of rotational viscometers, the specification of a viscosity is appropriate only for Newtonian fluids. For non- Newtonian fluids the results obtained are preferred in the form of flow curves which must be interpreted, assuming the validity of various laws of flow.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069763-en
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  • 90
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    Test No. 302A: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified SCAS Test (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method which is an adaptation of the Soap and Detergent Association semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) procedure for assessing the primary biodegradation of alkyl benzene sulphonate. The test does not simulate those conditions experienced in a sewage treatment plant. Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is placed in an aeration (SCAS) unit. The test compound (non-volatile, water soluble, organic, non-inhibitoring to bacteria at the test concentration) and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed. The sludge remaining in the aeration chamber is then mixed with a further aliquot of test compound and sewage and the cycle is repeated. The above fill and draw procedure is repeated daily throughout the test. A high concentration of aerobic micro-organisms is used. The length of the test for compounds showing little or no biodegradation is indeterminate, but experience suggests that this should be at least 12 weeks. Biodegradation is established by determination of the dissolved organic carbon content of the supernatant liquor. This value is compared with that found for the liquor obtained from a control tube dosed with settled sewage only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070363-en
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  • 91
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    Test No. 410: Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410; Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées; 21/28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410: Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées: 21/28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 21/28 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted 21-day or 28-day study should provide information on the effects of repeated inhalation exposure and can indicate the need for further longer term studies and provide information on the dose levels of the latter.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070745-en
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  • 92
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    Transport and Energy : Report of the Fifty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 April 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (129 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et énergie ; Rapport de la cinquante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 20 et 30 avril 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105153-en
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  • 93
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    The Working Conditions of Professional Drivers : Effects on Productivity and Road Safety: Report of the Fifty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 11-12 December 1980 (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282105160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conditions de travail des conducteurs professionnels ; Effets sur la productivité et la sécurité routière ; rapport de la cinquante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 11 et 12 décembre 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table presents a report on the working conditions of professional drivers covering such aspects as social environment and job situation, road safety and productivity and health.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282105160-en
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  • 94
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    Essai n 116: Liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069817
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 116; Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 116: Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode pour déterminer la liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides. La liposolubilité d'une substance est l'une des données pour évaluer le stockage des matériaux lipidiques solubles dans les tissus biologiques.Cette méthode d'essai peut seulement être appliquée aux substances pures, qui ne réagissent pas avec les triglycérides, qui sont stables à 50°C pendant au moins 24 heures et qui ne sont également pas sensiblement volatiles dans les mêmes conditions. La substance est dissoute par agitation dans « une graisse de référence » liquide, et la fraction massique de saturation de la substance est déterminée par addition continue, jusqu'à ce que la variable dépendant de la fraction massique, mesurée par une méthode analytique appropriée, atteigne une valeur constante. Les méthodes emploient huit échantillons, chacun doit correspondre au double de la quantité nécessaire pour la saturation qui a été déterminée dans l'essai préliminaire. Après avoir ajouté une quantité pesée d’approximativement 25 g de graisse de référence liquéfiée et mélangée, quatre flacons sont remués à 30°C (groupe I) et les quatre autres à environ 50°C (groupe II), chaque flacon pendant au moins une heure. Tous les flacons sont remués à 37°C, pour les liquides pendant 3 heures pour deux flacons de chaque groupe et pendant au moins 24 heures pour les deux derniers flacons. À la fin un échantillon est prélevé, pesé et la fraction de masse est déterminée avec différentes méthodes (méthodes photométriques, chromatographie en phase gazeuse, et extraction).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069817-fr
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  • 95
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    Essai n 114: Viscosité des liquides (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069770
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 114; Viscosity of Liquids
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 114: Viscosity of Liquids
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit des méthodes pour mesurer la viscosité des liquides.Les méthodes énumérées sont, en principe, appropriées à l’étude sur les liquides Newtoniens. La mesure des liquides non-Newtonniens est seulement possible avec le viscomètre rotatif. Des mesures de viscosité sont effectuées principalement selon cinq méthodes : le viscosimètre capillaire, la coupe à écoulement, le viscosimètre rotatif, le viscosimètre à bille roulante, le viscosimètre à bille entraînée. Chaque détermination de viscosité est de préférence faite à une température de 20°C et à une autre température supérieure d’environ 20°C. Au moins deux déterminations sont faites à chaque température. Dans le cas des viscosimètres à capillaires et à bille, l'évaluation de la mesure de viscosité doit être faite selon les normes. Dans le cas des viscosimètres rotatifs, la spécification de viscosité ne s'applique qu'aux fluides Newtoniens. Pour les fluides non-Newtoniens, il est préférable de présenter les résultats obtenus sous forme de courbes d'écoulement qui doivent être interprétées en supposant que les différentes lois sur les écoulements sont applicables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069770-fr
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  • 96
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    Test No. 304A: Inherent Biodegradability in Soil (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A; Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 304A: Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for the evaluation of the mineralisation rate of a 14C-labelled compound in soil. The method is applicable to volatile or non-volatile, soluble or insoluble compounds which are not inhibitory to micro-organisms. The basic test consists on the treatment of a small sample of soil (50g) with the 14C-labelled test chemical (100µl) in a biometer flask apparatus. The soil and the radioactive test solution are mixed. In addition, an equivalent volume of test solution is placed in a 100 ml volumetric flask for direct determination of the added radioactivity. The biometer flask is closed with a stopper through which an Ascarite filter is inserted. The unit is charged by injecting 10 ml of alkali solution into the side tube. Experiment duration times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and - if necessary - 64 days should be chosen for measurement. The test requires parallel determinations. The method can included optional experiments: for chemicals of a vapour pressure higher than 0.0133 Pa and for relatively persistent chemicals. Release of 14CO2 from the test chemical is measured by means of alkali absorption and liquid scintillation counting. The 14CO2 radioactivity recovered is plotted versus time. Incubation time is sufficient when a total of 50 per cent CO2 expressed as 14C originally applied can be measured. Incubation should be stopped after reaching 64 days, whether or not this value is obtained.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070448-en
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  • 97
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    Test No. 113: Screening Test for Thermal Stability and Stability in Air (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 113; Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 113: Essai de sélection pour la stabilité thermique et la stabilité dans l'air
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods for determining storage stability of a substance with respect to heat and air. Two methods are applicable to homogeneous solid and liquid substances and to mixtures of these: the accelerated storage test and the thermal analysis methods.In the accelerated storage test (CIPAC), a long duration storage instability can be simulated by applying a higher temperature during a short test. This test calls for the controlled storage at 54°C to 55°C for 14 days and subsequent analysis. In simple cases, it will be enough to determine a characteristic property before and after storage. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if the melting point has remained constant or the content of original substance as determined by analysis has decreased by not more than 5 per cent. In the thermal analysis methods (TGA and DTA), the sample and the standard reference material are heated up to the final temperature at a constant rate in a defined test atmosphere, either separately in a TGA or DTA apparatus, or in a combined system. The weight change of the sample or the quantities of heat absorbed or given off are measured and recorded. The substance is considered to be stable at room temperature if no decomposition or chemical transformation is found below 150°.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069749-en
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  • 98
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    Essai n 101: Spectres d'Absorption UV-VIS (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069510
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 101; UV-VIS Absorption Spectra
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 101: UV-VIS Absorption Spectra
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit la détermination du spectre d’absorption ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) d’un produit chimique pour avoir des indications sur les longueurs d'onde auxquelles les composés sont susceptibles de subir une dégradation photochimique. L'absence d'absorption mesurable n'empêche pas la possibilité d'une photodégradation. Cette méthode utilise un spectrophotomètre à double faisceau qui enregistre uniquement les différences d'absorption entre le blanc (le solvant et toutes les espèces chimiques présentes excepté celle testée) et les solutions d'essai afin de donner le spectre du produit chimique étudié. L'essai doit être effectué à 25°C. Les solutions test doivent être préparées à une concentration qui fournira au moins un maximum d'absorbance de 0,5 à 1,5 unités.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069510-fr
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  • 99
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    Essai n 110: Distribution de la Taille des Particules/ Distributions de la Longueur et du Diamètre des Fibres (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069695
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 110; Particle Size Distribution/ Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 110: Particle Size Distribution/ Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit deux méthodes. Ces tests sont applicables uniquement à des substances insolubles dans l’eau (solubilité 〈 10-6g/l). La première (méthode A) sert à fournir des informations sur le transport et la sédimentation de particules insolubles dans l’eau et l’air. Il y a plusieurs méthodes standards disponibles qui répondent aux conditions de sensibilité : la sédimentation, la centrifugation ou le compteur Coulter. L'échantillon est soumis à un examen au microscopique à lumière ordinaire pour déterminer la nature approximative de ses particules. Des données sont obtenues pour 3 domaines de taille différents : 〉 200 µm, 〈 2 µm et de 2 à 200 µm. La méthode A, qui détermine le rayon hydrodynamique effectif Rs (seulement pour 2 μm 〈 Rs 〈 100 μm), sera utilisée pour les produits particulaires qu'ils soient fibreux ou non fibreux. La méthode B est employée dans le cas spécial des matériaux qui peuvent prendre la forme de fibre ; elle est plus spécialisée, peu fréquemment requise et implique un examen microscopique. La microscopie électronique de balayage (MEB) ou de transmission (MET) sont exigées. Il n'y a aucun procédé standard actuellement. La longueur totale (l) et le diamètre (d) des fibres de d≥ 0.1µm et l≥ 5µm sont demandés. Deux histogrammes sont préparés basés sur l'examen d’au moins 50 fibres chacun.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069695-fr
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  • 100
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    Essai n 304A: Biodégradabilité intrinsèque dans le sol (1981)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070455
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 304A; Inherent Biodegradability in Soil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 304A: Inherent Biodegradability in Soil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode décrite dans cette Ligne directrice est destinée à l'évaluation du taux de minéralisation dans le sol d'un composé marqué au 14C. La méthode s'applique aux composés volatils ou non, solubles ou non, qui n’inhibent pas les micro-organismes. L'essai de base comporte le traitement d'un petit échantillon du sol (50g) avec le produit chimique de l'essai marqué au 14C (100µl) dans un flacon biomètre. Le sol et la solution d'essai radioactive sont mélangés. De surcroît, un volume équivalent de la solution d'essai est placé dans un récipient jaugé de 100 ml pour mesurer directement la radioactivité ajoutée. Le flacon biomètre est fermé avec un bouchon dans lequel un filtre Ascarite est inséré. L’appareil est chargé en injectant 10 ml de potasse dans le tube latéral. Des durées d'expérience de 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 et - au besoin - 64 jours doivent être choisies pour la mesure. L'essai exige des déterminations parallèles. La méthode peut inclure des expériences facultatives pour des produits chimiques dont la pression de vapeur est de plus de 0.0133 Pa et pour des produits chimiques relativement persistants. Le dégagement de 14CO2 du produit chimique d'essai est mesuré grâce à l'absorption sur alcali et un comptage par scintillation liquide. La radioactivité du 14CO2 récupéré est portée sur un graphique en fonction du temps. Le temps d'incubation est suffisant quand un total de 50 pour cent de CO2 formé à partir du 14C introduit au départ peut être mesuré. L'incubation doit être arrêtée au bout de 64 jours, que cette valeur soit obtenue ou non.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070455-fr
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