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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (143)
  • 1980-1984  (143)
  • 1945-1949
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (106)
  • Boston, MA : Springer  (37)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789282104552
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.67
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aims and Effects of Public Financial Support for Passenger Transport; Report of the Sixty-Seventh Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 10-11 May 1984
    Keywords: Transport
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789282105214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.62
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilités et limites d'une polique de réglementation dans les transports ; Rapport de la soixante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 29 et 30 septembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the history, possibilities and limits of regulation in transport policy.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789282104514
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Costs and Benefits of Road Safety Measures; Report of the Sixty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 17-18 November 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine les coûts et les avantages des mesures de sécurité routière. Elle étudie les méthodologies, les perspectives et les expériences des pays avant de parvenir à une série de conclusions.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789282105238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts et avantages des mesures de sécurité routière ; Rapport de la soixante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 17 et 18 novembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of road safety measures, examining methodologies, prospects and country experiences before drawing a series of conclusions.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789282104507
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.62
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilities and Limits of Regulation in Transport Policy; Report of the Sixty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 September 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine l’histoire, les possibilités et les limites de la réglementation de la politique des transports.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789282105221
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de distribution des marchandises dans les aires urbaines ; Rapport de la soixante-et-unième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 15 et 16 décembre 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the dimensions of urban goods transport, the policy making context, and possible courses of action to deal with issues.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264070035
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 206; Avian Reproduction Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 206: Avian Reproduction Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cette Ligne directrice est de déterminer les effets sur la reproduction d'une substance administrée avec de la nourriture aux oiseaux. Des oiseaux sont alimentés par un régime contenant la substance d'essai à différentes concentrations pendant une période de moins de 20 semaines. Un minimum de trois concentrations alimentaires de la substance d'essai est exigé. La concentration maximum d'essai recommandée est de 1000 ppm. Les oiseaux peuvent être répartis dans les cages, soit en couple (au moins 12 cages par groupe d'essai), soit un mâle et deux ou trois femelles (au moins 8-12 cages par groupe) Les oiseaux sont amenés, par modification de la photopériode, à pondre des oeufs. Les oeufs sont rassemblés sur une période de dix semaines, artificiellement incubés et éclosent, et les jeunes sont élevés pendant 14 jours. Les équipements appropriés pour élever des oiseaux, de préférence en local clos, sont nécessaires. On observe la mortalité des adultes, la production d'oeufs, les oeufs fêlés, l'épaisseur de la coquille (au moins deux oeufs de chaque cage), la viabilité, l’éclosabilité et les effets sur de jeunes oiseaux pendant l'étude.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.11
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La présente étude examine les données dont on dispose quant à l'incidence exercée sur la répartition des revenus, dans un certain nombre de pays de l'OCDE, par la fiscalité et la dépense publique. Elle entre dans le cadre d'une étude plus vaste, portant sur le rôle du secteur public, et destinée à être publiée ultérieurement. Son apport principal consiste à rassembler les résultats d'études existantes, qu'elle présente sous une forme grosso modo comparable, et non à effectuer de nouvelles analyses ou à fournir de nouveaux résultats. Les informations y sont présentées de manière à permettre au lecteur d'apprécier l'influence exercée sur la répartition du revenu par les transferts publics en espèces, les avantages découlant de la dépense publique et la fiscalité, tant isolément que dans leur ensemble. L'étude décrit brièvement la méthodologie sur laquelle s'appuient ces estimations et en examine les principaux résultats, pays par pays et de manière globale ...
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.17
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This report contains a new set of results on the levels of real per capita GDP and its main components in OECD countries in 1980, with estimates for later years upto 1984. Real per capita GDP is obtained by valuing the goods and services in different countries at a fixed set of prices, namely, the average prices prevailing at the time within the group of countries covered. This procedure is essentially the same as that used to measure volume changes over time within a single country when the fixed prices of some base year are used to compile expenditure or output series at constant prices. The international measures of real per capita GDP for different countries can therefore be interpreted in the same way as the volume indices which are used to measure real rates of growth within a single country. These international volume measures may be contrasted with measures of per capita GDP which are frequently obtained by converting data for different countries into a single currency ...
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789282104569
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.67
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Objectifs et effets de l'intervention financière des pouvoirs publics dans les transports de personnes ; Rapport de la soixante-septième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 10 et 11 mai 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the aims and effects of public subsidies for passenger transport.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264069985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204; Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 204: Poisson, toxicité prolongée étude sur 14 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 204 ‘Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789282105245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.64
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût du transport combiné ; Rapport de la soixante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 janvier 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examined the various combined transport systems, assessed their costs, technical developements, and benefits, aznd drew a series of conclusions.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789282104521
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.64
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Cost of Combined Transport; Report of the Sixty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 January 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine les différents systèmes de transport combiné, estime leurs coûts, les évolutions techniques et les avantages et parvient à une série de conclusions.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789282104538
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Transport in Rural Areas; Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Services; Report of the Sixty-Fifth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 February 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde sur le transport public dans les aires rurales comprend des rapports sur la Belgique, le Danemark, la France, l’Allemagne, la Suisse et le Royaume-Uni.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264070011
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 205; Avian Dietary Toxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cette Ligne directrice est de déterminer les effets d'une substance administrée avec de la nourriture aux oiseaux. Des oiseaux sont alimentés par un régime contenant la substance d'essai à différentes concentrations pendant une période de cinq jours. Deux groupes de contrôle et un groupe de traitement pour chacun des cinq niveaux (au moins) de concentrations alimentaires de la substance d'essai devraient être employés. Chaque groupe se compose de 10 oiseaux. La durée minimum de l'essai est de huit jours : cinq jours d'alimentation avec la substance d'essai, suivis de trois jours d'alimentation normale. Des équipements appropriés pour l’élevage d’oiseaux en local clos sont nécessaires. Ceux-ci incluent des mécanismes de régulation de la température, de l'humidité et de la lumière au besoin, ainsi que des cages de capacité suffisante pour élever des oiseaux. La mortalité et les signes de toxicité sont enregistrés quotidiennement. Les observations suivantes devraient être faites pendant l'essai : des signes d'intoxication et de tout autre comportement anormal, la mortalité, le poids corporels et la consommation de nourriture.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.15
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Conventionally, fiscal policy analysis makes a distinction between "discretionary" budget changes and "built-in stability". This distinction is the first step to defining a structural budget balance operationally. Budget deficits vary automatically with the business cycle. Revenues automatically rise as the economy expands; unemployment transfers are reduced, leaving a deficit or surplus at the cyclical peak which may be termed a "structural" budget balance. The "built-in stabilizer" component of the deficit should be self-cancelling as the cyclical output gap is closed so that it is temporary and non-structural. A structural budget deficit is then that excess of public spending over revenues which would persist if the economy were to grow steadily at its highest sustainable employment rate, i.e. at the same rate as potential output.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264070004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 205: Oiseaux, essai de toxicité liée au régime alimentaire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects of a substance administered with food to birds. Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of five days. Two control groups and one treatment group for each of the, at least, five dietary levels of the test substance should be used. Each group consists of 10 birds. The minimum duration of the test is eight days: five days on the test diet followed by a minimum of three days on normal diet. Suitable facilities for holding birds indoors are necessary. These include mechanisms for temperature, humidity and light control as required, as well as pens of suitable capacity for rearing the birds. Mortalities and signs of toxicity are recorded daily. The following observations should be made during the test: signs of intoxication and other abnormal behaviour; mortality; body weights; food consumption.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264071353
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 477; Genetic Toxicology; Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 477: Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Suite à la décision du Conseil de l’OCDE, l’essai 477 « Toxicologie Génétique : Essais de Mutation Létale Récessive liée au Sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster » a été supprimé le 2 avril 2014.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264070059
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 207; Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice inclut deux méthodes : un essai de toxicité par contact sur papier et un essai avec un sol artificiel. L’espèce recommandée est Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). L’essai de dépistage initial (essai de contact sur papier filtre) implique d'exposer des vers de terre aux substances d'essai sur papier filtre humide afin d'identifier les produits chimiques potentiellement toxiques pour les vers de terre dans le sol. Cinq doses au moins, choisies dans une série géométrique, et dix répliques au moins (un ver par fiole) pour chaque traitement devraient être employées. Des essais sont faits dans l'obscurité et pendant une période de 48 heures. L'essai avec le sol artificiel fournit des données de toxicité plus représentative de l'exposition naturelle des vers de terre aux produits chimiques. Il implique de maintenir des vers de terre dans les échantillons d'un sol artificiel de composition précisément définie. Cinq concentrations, d'une série géométrique, de la substance d'essai sont appliquées. Une concentration ne provoquant aucune mortalité et une concentration provoquant une mortalité totale devraient être employées. Quatre réplicats pour chaque traitement sont recommandées. La mortalité est relevée les jours 7 et 14 après l’application.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264069992
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 204; Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test; 14-Day Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Suite à la décision du Conseil de l’OCDE, l’essai 204 "Poisson, Toxicité Prolongée: Étude sur 14 Jours" a été supprimé le 2 avril 2014.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789282105252
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport public dans les aires rurales ; Transport de ligne et de ramassage ; rapport de la soixante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 16 et 17 février 1984
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table on Public Transport in Rural Areas includes reports from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789282104491
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Goods Distribution Systems in Urban Areas; Report of the Sixty-First Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 15-16 December 1983
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine les dimensions du transport de marchandises en milieu urbain, le contexte de la prise de décision politique et les mesures envisageables pour traiter ces problèmes.
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  • 23
    Language: French
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Après la longue récession qui a suivi le second choc pétrolier, la reprise économique est actuellement amorcée dans la plupart des grands pays de l'OCDE. Elle est d'une importance variable selon les pays : si les Etats-Unis connaissent d'ores et déjà une croissance rapide de la production et une réduction sensible du chômage, on n'observe dans certains pays européens que les tout premiers signes d'un redressement. Néanmoins, la situation semble devoir s'améliorer dans presque tous les pays. En dehors de l'Amérique du Nord, toutefois, on continue de craindré que la reprise ne se révèle fragile dans le cadre de la politique actuellement suivie. De même, on se demande, surtout aux Etats-Unis, si la reprise ne se développera pas trop rapidement, ce qui relancerait l'inflation. Dans la conjoncture actuelle, le problème qui se pose aux autorités est de faire en sorte que ni l'un ni l'autre de ces risques éventuels ne se matérialise afin d'assurer une période d'expansion soutenue. L'étude ...
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206; Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 206: Oiseaux, essai de reproduction
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this Test Guideline is to determine the effects on the reproduction of a substance administered with food to birds.Birds are fed a diet containing the test substance in various concentrations for a period of not less than 20 weeks. A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. Birds may be kept in pens as pairs (at least 12 pens per test group) or as groups of one male and two or three females (at least 8-12 pens per group). Birds are induced, by photoperiod manipulation, to lay eggs. Eggs are collected over a ten-week period, artificially incubated and hatched, and the young maintained for 14 days. Suitable facilities for rearing birds, preferably indoors, are necessary. Mortality of adults, egg production, cracked eggs, egg shell thickness (at least two eggs from each pen), viability, hatchability and effects on young birds are observed during the study.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264071346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 477: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale récessive liée au sexe chez Drosophila melanogaster
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the OECD Council decision, the Test Guideline 477 ‘Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster’ was deleted on 2nd April 2014.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document étudie l'influence des conditions du marché du travail, des revenus réels et des transferts publics sur l'évolution des taux d'activité, à l'aide d'un modèle néo-classique de maximisation de l'utilité. Le modèle de base est complété par des facteurs socio-démographiques tels que le développement de l'enseignement supérieur, la croissance du secteur des services et les variations de la répartition par âge de la population d'âge actif. Trois techniques différentes ont été utilisées pour estimer les équations des taux d'activité féminins et masculins, sur la base de séries chronologiques portant sur six grands pays. On a également effectué une extrapolation à 1990 des effectifs d'âge actif et des taux d'activité afin de faciliter l'analyse des tendances que pourrait marquer la population active dans les années à venir ...
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264070042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207; Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 207: Ver de terre, essais de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test substances on moist filter paper in order to identify potentially toxic chemicals to earthworms in soil. Five or more treatment levels in a geometric series and, at least, ten replicates (one worm per vial) for each treatment should be used. Tests are done in the dark and for a period of 48 hours. The artificial soil test gives toxicity data more representative of natural exposure of earthworms to chemicals. It involves keeping earthworms in samples of a precisely defined artificial soil. Five concentrations, in a geometric series, of the test substance have been applied. One concentration resulting in no mortality and one resulting in total mortality should be used. Four replicates for each treatment are recommended. Mortality is assessed 7 and 14 days after application.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264071360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478; Toxicologie génétique; Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 478: Toxicologie génétique: Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Dominant lethal (DL) effects cause embryonic or foetal death. Induction of a dominant lethal event after exposure to a test substance (liquid, solid, vapour or gas, …) indicates that the substance has affected germinal tissue of the test species. Dominant lethals are generally accepted to be the result of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical anomalies), but gene mutations and toxic effects cannot be excluded. This Test Guideline recommends rats or mice as the test species. Generally, male animals are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated virgin females. The most widely used is the single administration of the test substance by oral or by intraperitoneal injection. Normally, three dose levels should be used. The various germ cell stages can be tested separately by the use of sequential mating intervals. The females are sacrificed after an appropriate period of time, and the contents of the uteri are examined to determine the numbers of implants and live and dead embryos. The calculation of the dominant lethal effect is based on comparison of the live implants per female in the treated group to the live implants per female in the control group.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264071377
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 478; Genetic Toxicology; Rodent Dominant Lethal Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 478: Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les effets létaux dominants (LD) causent la mort embryonnaire ou foetale. L’induction d'un événement létal dominant après exposition à une substance d'essai (liquide, solide, vapeur ou gaz,…) indique que la substance a affecté le tissu germinal des espèces d'essai. Les effets létaux dominants sont souvent le résultat des aberrations chromosomiques (anomalies structurales et numériques), mais les mutations géniques et les effets toxiques ne peuvent pas être exclus. Cette Ligne directrice recommande des rats ou des souris comme espèces d'essai. Généralement, des mâles sont exposés à la substance d'essai et accouplés aux femelles vierges non traitées. Le moyen le plus employé est l'administration unique de la substance d'essai par voie orale ou par injection intrapéritonéale. Normalement, trois niveaux de dose devraient être employés. Les différentes étapes de la formation des cellules germinales peuvent être testées séparément en employant différents intervalles d'accouplement. Les femelles sont sacrifiées après une période appropriée, et le contenu des utérus est examiné pour déterminer les nombres d'implants et d'embryons vivants et morts. Le calcul de l'effet létal dominant repose sur la comparaison du nombre d'embryons implantés vivants par femelle dans le groupe traité et dans le groupe témoin.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The international financial linkage block of the OECD Secretariat's multi-country model, INTERLINK, is based on a portfolio balance model of exchange rate determination. International consistency is ensured by cross country restrictions on parameters imposed during estimation (1). However, in an earlier version of the model, the specification of the domestic financial sector for each country was too rudimentary for simulation analysis under alternative monetary policy assumptions. The main element missing from this version of the model was an explicit formulation of the money demand and supply process (2). This gap has been filled in the version of the model reported in this study, which opens the way for a more comprehensive set of alternative policy regimes under which the model can be run, notably: non-accommodating monetary policy; managed floating; fixed exchange rates; and floating with accommodating monetary policy. These will be elaborated upon in more detail below. In a ...
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.13
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In recent years the behaviour of the income velocity of money in major OECD economies has displayed considerable volatility for both narrow and broad monetary aggregates (Table 1). Velocity in a number of large OECD economies, for example, fell sharply in 1982. Most notably, declines in the income velocity of M1, M2 and M3 in the United States of 2.3, 4.9 and 5.9 per cent, respectively, were large by historical standards. Such movements in velocity may arise as a consequence of changes in money demand in two important ways: they may result from movements along the money demand function, as the normal implication of changes in its interest rate and inflation expectations arguments; and the money demand function itself may shift (money demand instability), leading to unpredictable changes in velocity. Velocity may also move as the mechanical result of policies by the authorities which alter the supply of money in the short run, while the private sector is able to adjust only with ...
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781489903723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 257 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Style. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. The Language of Negotiation -- 2. The Courtroom Context of Plea Bargaining -- 3. Frame Analysis of Plea Bargaining -- 4. The Structure of Bargaining Sequences -- 5. Routine and Adversarial Justice -- 6. Descriptions and Assessments of Defendants -- 7. Modeling Sentencing Decisions -- 8. A Discourse System for Negotiation -- 9. Inside Plea Bargaining -- Appendix 1. Adapted Transcribing Conventions -- Appendix 2. The Frank Bryan Case -- Appendix 3. The Maria Dominguez Case -- Appendix 4. The Lucinda Smith Case -- Appendix 5. The Donald Cleaver Case -- Appendix 6. The Cliff Washington Case -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Negotiation is a ubiquitous part of social life. Some even say that social order itself is a negotiated phenomenon. Yet the study of negotiation as an actual discourse activity, occurring between people who have substantial interests and tasks in the real social world, is in its infancy. This is the more surprising because plea bargaining, as a specific form of negotiation, has recently been the center of an enormous amount of research attention. Much of the concern has been directed to basic ques­ tions of justice, such as how fair the process is, whether it is unduly coercive, and whether it accurately separates the guilty from the innocent. A study such as mine does not try to answer these sorts of questions. I believe that we are not in a position to answer them until we approach plea bargaining on its own complex terms. Previous studies that have attempted to provide a general picture of the process as a way to assess its degree of justness have neglected the specific skills by which prac­ titioners bargain and negotiate, the particular procedures through which various surface features such as character assessment are accomplished, and concrete ways in which justice is administered and, simultaneously, caseloads are managed.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9781475717730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 355 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Regression of Atherosclerosis in Animals -- The Pathobiology of the Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Mid-1980s -- Interaction of Therapeutic Diets and Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs in Regression Studies in Animals -- Progression and Regression of Nonhuman Primate Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Considerations of Experimental Design -- The Comparative Pathology of Nonhuman Primate Atherosclerosis -- Plant Glycosides. Effects on Atherosclerosis Regression in Macaca fascicularis -- Plasma Lipoprotein Changes Induced by Diets. Effect on Progression and Regression of Arterial Lesions in Nonhuman Primates -- Regression of Arterial Lesions in Animal Models: Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Aspects -- Use of Cholesteryl Ester Analogs to Study Transport of Lipoproteins in Intact Animals -- Interaction Between Lipids and the Intercellular Matrix of the Arterial Wall: Its Role in the Evolution of the Atherosclerotic Lesion -- II. Studies on Human Atherosclerosis -- The Evolution of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions -- Possible Recognition of Atherosclerosis Regression in Humans -- High-Density Lipoproteins and Their Role in Preventing or Retarding Atherosclerosis -- Studies on Arterial Interstitial Fluid -- Comparison of the Morphology of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Coronary Arteries of Man with Morphology of Lesions Produced and Regressed in Experimental Primates -- Control or Reversal of Atherosclerosis Through Therapy of Lipid Disorders -- Planning and Evaluation of Studies on Atherosclerosis in Controlled Clinical Trials -- Status of Controlled Clinical Trials in Peripheral Vessel Atherosclerosis -- Regression of Atherosclerosis in Man: Current Data and Their Methodological Limitations -- Regression of Femoral Atherosclerosis in Humans: Methodological and Clinical Problems Associated with Studies of Femoral Atherosclerosis Development as Assessed by Angiograms -- Regression of Atherosclerosis in Humans: Anatomical Evidence from Postmortem Studies.
    Abstract: The Advanced Study Institute on Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions, sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was held in Maratea, Italy, September 11-13, 1983. The institute was designed to foster discussion of experimental data on the regression of atherosclerosis in animals and evidence of a similar phenomenon in humans. The participating scientists showed with anatomical and biochemical data, that atherosclerosis regresses in cholesterol fed animals after withdrawal of atherogenic stimuli. The existence of regression in humans was inferred from sequential angiographic visualization of arteries, but anatomical and biochemical characteristics of the process have not been defined. Two mechanisms are probably involved in such an angiographic regression. The first, which may occur when hyperlipidemia is partly or fully corrected or during undernutrition or other metabolic abnormalities, may be related to atherosclerosis changes noted in animals undergoing regression. The second type seems independent of changes in plasma lipid levels and may involve resolution of thrombi or other underlying arterial wall factors. The relative frequencies of the two mechanisms are unknown; whether they can occur simultaneously also warrants consideration. It is likely that an exciting milestone will be forthcoming when regression of atherosclerosis is unequivocally demonstrated in humans. Publication of these institute proceedings constitutes a valuable background for future developments.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781475760859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The mechanical construction of the microscope -- 2 Image formation in the microscope -- 3 Objectives and eyepieces -- 4 Illumination of the object -- 5 Polarized light microscopy -- 6 Opaque stop and phase contrast microscopy -- 7 Interference microscopy -- 8 Quantitative microscopy -- 9 Specimen preparation -- 10 Photomicrography -- References and further reading -- Appendix: The care of the microscope.
    Abstract: Since Sorby published his observations on the structures of steels in 1863, the optical microscope has become one of the most widely used and versatile instruments for examining the structures of engineering materials. Moreover, to examine the diverse range of materials encountered, it must be used in both the reflected-light and transmitted-light forms, and with polarized light. It is complementary to, but not superseded by, the wide range of electron-optical instruments that are now used. Despite its extensive use, it has been described as the most misused, abused, and misunderstood of scientific instruments, for it will produce an image of a sort no matter how badly it is used. To use it effectively, even in its simplest applications, a knowledge of the simple theory of the microscope is necessary, for the theory shows and explains how it should be used. Thus my aim has been to give a simple and, where possible, quantitative account of both the theory and the use of the microscope, including the various special techniques for which it can be used. But, no matter how effectively the microscope is used, if the specimen is inadequately prepared the results of examination will be of doubtful value.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167834
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing and Multinational Enterprises; Three Taxation Issues
    Keywords: Taxation
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prix de transfert et entreprises multinationales ; Trois études fiscales
    RVK:
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Digitised document - Electronic release on 24/11/2011
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461579724
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Electrochemistry of Oil-Water Interfaces -- 1. Potential Difference at Oil-Water Interfaces -- 2. Electrocapillarity -- 3. Binding at Oil-Water Interfaces -- 4. Electrocapillary Emulsification -- 5. Coalescence of Droplets -- 6. Potential Distribution of Membrane Systems -- Abbreviations -- Notation -- References -- 2. Kinetic Theory of Flotation of Small Particles -- 1. Specific Features of the Mechanism Involving Fixation of Small Particles on the Surface of a Bubble -- 2. Specific Features of the Mechanism of Transfer of Small Particles to the Bubble Surface -- 3. Quantitative Theory of Flotation of Small and Medium-Sized Spherical Particles -- 4. Quantitative Experimental Research into Flotation of Small Particles -- 5. Detachment of Small Particles in Contactless Flotation and the Dynamic Adsorption Layer of a Bubble -- 6. Nonequilibrium Surface Forces in Flotation -- 7. Collision Efficiency and Flotation Kinetics -- 8. Influence of Aggregation of the Particles on the Elementary Act of Inertia-free Flotation -- 9. Flotation of Submicron Particles -- 10. Conclusions -- Notation -- References -- 3. Specifically Impermeable Precipitate Membranes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hirsch Effect -- 3. Precipitate Formation by Double Diffusion in Gels -- 4. Place of First Formation of Precipitate Lines in Double Diffusion in Gels -- 5. Evolution of Precipitate Lines in Double Diffusion as a Function of Reagent Concentration and Time -- 6. Nondiffusion Methods for Generating Precipitate Lines -- 7. Single-Diffusion Precipitation -- 8. Liesegang Phenomenon -- 9. Biological Precipitate Membranes -- References -- 4. Dynamic Surface Tension and Capillary Waves -- 1. Introduction: Surface Constitutive Equations -- 2. General Theoretical Discussion -- 3. General Remarks on Ripple Methods for the Study of Dynamic Surface Tension -- 4. Interfacial Wave Methods -- 5. The Spectroscopy of Ripples -- 6. Appendix: Reduction of the Determinant Given by Hansen et al. -- References -- 5. Digital-Computer-Oriented Numerical Analysis in Surface Chemistry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nonlinear Least-Squares Analysis -- 3. Analysis of Model Stability to Small Errors: Prediction Analysis -- 4. Methods -- 5. Appendix -- References -- 6. Advances in Experimental Techniques for Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mercury Intrusion Instruments -- 3. Sample Selection and Preparation -- 4. Low-Pressure Intrusion Measurements -- 5. High-Pressure Intrusion Measurements -- 6. Rate of Pressurization -- 7. Presentation of Intrusion Results -- 8. Microcomputers and Porosimeters -- 9. Testing Particulate Materials -- 10. Other Useful Information Available from an Intrusion Experiment -- 11. Closing Statement -- References -- 7. The Contact Angle of Mercury on the Internal Surfaces of Porous Bodies: A Footnote to D. N. Winslow’s Review of Porosimetry -- 1. Introduction -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468478501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 576.8
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Ethics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Economics ; Social sciences ; Psychology, clinical
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468447811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Criminology ; Management science. ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Business.
    Abstract: 1. Crime and Police Resources: A Policy Agenda -- Beginning Points -- Crime Control -- Resources Allocation -- New Form of Police Agency -- The Agenda -- I-Policy Administration -- 2. The Science of Policing -- 3. The Art of Policing -- II-Policy Formulation -- 4. Politics and Policing -- 5. Purpose and Policing -- III-Policy Leadership -- 6. New Community Approach -- 7. A New Managerial Approach -- IV-Policy Beginnings -- 8. The Police Manager -- 9. The Elected Official -- 10. Epilogue -- References -- Appendix: Reading List for the Elected Official 219 Index.
    Abstract: The question of how to use police resources productively, par­ ticularly in this era of tight municipal budgets, is a major con­ cern for police chiefs and others responsible for crime control. In Crime Control: The Use and Misuse of Police Resources, David J. Farmer provides new insights into this question and sug­ gests a practical resource allocation approach for police poli­ cymakers and administrators. The book documents the results of current police resource allocation practices and describes the major research studies that have identified a need to restructure police field operations. It very usefully outlines the development and nature of allocation techniques and ana­ lyzes the political contexts which influence resource alloca,., tion. After describing planning at the neighborhood level that should inform the allocation process, the author provides a comprehensive "planning-budgeting-resources allocation" approach to managing a productive police department. This comprehensive approach is illustrated by an account of the Manpower Allocation Review System (MARS), which the author developed and introduced in the New York City Police Department in 1972 when I was commissioner. As I can vii FOREWORD viii attest, the MARS approach had practical utility. For the author, it served as a forerunner to the more elaborate system he describes in this book.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9781461327271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (414p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Language
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: The definition of functions and categories -- Syntactic-morphological discrepancies in Maltese sentence structure -- Heuristic problems concerning the identification of grammatical relations: the case of the Westgermania (Dutch — English — German) -- Verb complements and sentence complements: two different types of relation -- Observations on the syntax of English nominals -- Constructional properties of the sentence -- The structure of infinitival perception verb complements in a transformational grammar -- Passive in a semantic dependency network -- Verb-first clauses in Icelandic, successive cyclic wh-movement and syntactic binding -- The construction of the infinitive with causative movement verbs in French -- Generalized union -- On the status of verbal reflexives -- Reflexivization in English -- Tense and aspect -- The temporal reference of the English futurate -- Prolegomena to a semantic analysis of phase-indicating verbal periphrases in Portuguese -- Time, tense and restriction (On the French periphrasis ‘venir de + infinitive’) -- The organization of grammar -- The configurational matrix -- Towards plausibility in theories of language acquisition -- References.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461327530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    DDC: 618.1
    Keywords: Medicine ; Ethics ; Gynecology ; Epidemiology ; Social sciences
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789282106822
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport sur l'évolution des investissment ext prestations dans les transports dans les Etats de la CEMT en 1980 est divisé en quatre chapitres récapitulatifs et une Annexe statistique. Le Chapitre 1 décrit les grandes tendances du transport de voyageurs et de marchandises pour chacun des modes au cours des quinze dernières années. Le Chapitre 2 concerne les transports ferroviaires examinés sous l'angle non seulement du trafic, mais encore des réseaux et de l'exploitation. Le Chapitre 3 a trait aux transports routiers, à la taille des infrastructures, au parc de véhicules et à son exploitation. Enfin, les voies navigables intérieures, les ports et les transports par conduites sont décrits au Chapitre 4. La deuxième partie est une rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1981.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789282106846
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport presente l'évolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports dans les Etats membres de la CEMT (1) et est divisé en quatre chapitres récapitulatifs et une annexe statistique. Le chapitre 1 décrit, en les situant dans le contexte économique général, les grandes tendances enregistrées en 1981 pour l'ensemble des transports de voyageurs et de marchandises. Il vise notamment à comparer les évolutions respectives des différents modes de transports. Le chapitre 2 est consacré aux transports ferroviaires qui sont examinés sous l'angle non seulement du trafic mais également des réseaux, du matériel et de l'exploitation. Les transports routiers font l'objet du chapitre 3 qui analyse l'évolution des trafics, des parcs de véhicules, des infrastructures et des conditions d'exploitation. Les transports par voies navigables intérieures et par conduites ainsi que les transports maritimes sont étudiés au chapitre 4. La deuxième partie est un rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180451
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts
    Keywords: Taxation
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264177277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789282104460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et télécommunications ; Rapport de la cinquante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 14 et 15 janvier 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Transport and telecommunications are complementary technologies, essential to the functioning of the economic and social system, which facilitate the making and development of relationships. But as means of communication they also compete. The recent development of telecommunications constitutes a challenge to the transport sector. This report sets out to identify the nature and scope of that challenge.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789282105207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (189 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.60
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La navigation maritime à courte distance dans l'économie des transports intérieurs européens ; Rapport de la soixantième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Göteborg, Suède, les 1er et 2 avril 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table includes reports on Short Sea Shipping from five countries: Greece, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789282107324
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (674 p.)
    Series Statement: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport au service de l'homme ; Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Rapports introductifs et synthèse
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book contains the introductory reports and discussion summary for the Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, held in Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. The conference focused on transport for people.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789282107331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (751 p.)
    Series Statement: Symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport is for People; Ninth International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics, Madrid, 2nd-4th November 1982. Introductory reports and summary of the discussion
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce livre comprend les rapports introductifs et une synthèse du Neuvième symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Madrid, 2-4 novembre 1982. Cette conférence était consacrée au transport au service de l'homme.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.4
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Participants in the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in February 1980 requested the Secretariat to prepare a report on service lives of capital assets. Estimating service lives is one of the more difficult problems in using the perpetual inventory method to calculate capital stocks. While an earlier OECD report, The Measurement of Capital (40), had touched on the problem, participants agreed that this was an area where a more detailed study of country practices would be useful. A consultant, M. Pierre Teillet, was asked to conduct a survey of country practices and to prepare an initial report, which was briefly discussed at the Special Meeting on National Accounts held in June 1981. The present study, which has been prepared by the Economic Statistics and National Accounts Division of the ESD, draws both on the earlier work by M. Teillet and on the substantial quantity of reports, working papers and other documentation on capital stock estimates supplied by statistical ...
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  • 51
    Language: French
    Pages: 123 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L'objet de cette étude est de présenter une analyse de la dynamique des prix industriels en relation avec l'évolution des coûts de production et les fluctuation de l'activité économique, dans quelques pays de l'OCDE au cours des vingt dernières années. Les succès récents que certains pays ont connu dans la lutte contre l'inflation amènent à se poser une question fondamentale. Le processus de désinflation qu'ont connu certains pays au cours de la dernière période résulte-t-il simplement de la sévérité et de la longueur inhabituelle de la récession qu'on vient ...
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.6
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cette étude porte sur la "ventilation" des variations de la croissance du revenu nominal entre la croissance réelle et l'inflation. Elle présente une analyse descriptive des données de la période d'après-guerre ainsi qu'une analyse par régression qui postule l'existence d'une ventilation dynamique stable. Cette analyse a été effectuée pour tous les pays Membres de l'OCDE. On admet en général que les pouvoirs publics ont la possibilité de maîtriser l'évolution du revenu nominal encore que l'étude présente également quelques données relatives aux rapports entre l'inflation et la croissance du revenu nominal et de la masse monétaire. On examine aussi le rôle des anticipations et de l'incertitude et leurs rapports avec l'action des pouvoirs publics ...
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the medium-term financial strategies operating in and available to OECD economies. Three issues are discussed: first, the rationale for the increasing adoption of medium-term budgetary and monetary objectives; second, the appropriate criteria for the determination of medium-term policy norms, and the institutional means through which these are implemented; and third, the problems of ensuring consistency between short-term policies and medium-term goals. Underlying these issues is the theme of monetary and fiscal policy co-ordination and the medium-term effectiveness of demand management. To the extent that central banks can contain the pressures stemming from the mix of restrictive monetary targets and expansionary budgets, monetary and fiscal policies might be assigned to different objectives - inflation control and short-term employment support respectively (although monetary restraint would not free expansionary fiscal action ...
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789282104477
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport and Telecommunications; Report of the Fifty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 14th-15th January, 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Le transport et les télécommunications sont des technologies complémentaires, essentielles au fonctionnement du système économique et social, ce qui facilite la création et le développement de liens. Mais ils se font également concurrence en tant que moyens de communication. Le développement récent des télécommunications représente un défi pour le secteur des transports. Ce rapport vise à identifier la nature et l’ampleur de ce défi.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789282104484
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.60
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Short-Sea Shipping in the Economy of Inland Transport in Europe; Report of the Sixtieth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 1-2 April 1982
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde comprend des rapports sur la navigation maritime à courte distance de cinq pays : Grèce, Italie, Norvège, Suède et le Royaume-Uni.
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  • 56
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Devant le recul sensible de la demande de pétrole des pays de l'OPEP, que l'on observe depuis 1980, les prix internationaux en dollars du pétrole ont fléchi légèrement en 1981 et en 1982 pour chuter nettement au début de 1983. La présente note s'appuie sur des simulations réalisées à partir du modèle de l'économie mondiale, INTERLINK, du Secrétariat de l'OCDE, pour examiner les facteurs qui détermineront les principales conséquences macro-économiques de la baisse des prix du pétrole pour la zone de l'OCDE. Les pays importateurs nets de pétrole en retireront trois avantages non négligeables: la poursuite du recul de l'inflation, le redressement de la balance des opérations courantes et l'augmentation des revenus réels. L'incidence sur la production est moins sûre car elle dépend en partie de la confiance des entreprises et des changements induits dans l'orientation de la politique économique ...
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.3
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the processes of wage formation in France sector by sector, to idenitfy the reasons for fluctuations in sectoral wage differentials and ascertain whether wage emulation exists. In France no information is available quarterly on sector wages with breakdowns by sex or according to a number of other characteristics, so it was not possible to make use of a number of studies done in other countries on the degree of wage dispersion, such as those of Bouteiller (1971), Pollen (1977), Tachibanaki (1974), and all the studies on the much researched relationship between wage level and membership of a trade union. Here it would be appropriate to ...
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264070844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415; Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 415: Étude de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline for reproduction testing is designed to provide general information concerning the effects of a test substance (Solid, liquid, gas or vapour) on male and female reproductive performance. The test substance is administered orally in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed during growth and for at least one complete spermatogenic cycle; females of the Parent generation should be dosed for at least two complete oestrous cycles. The animals are then mated. The test substance is administered to both sexes during the mating period and thereafter only to females during pregnancy and for the duration of the nursing period. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with the rat or mouse. Each test and control group should contain a sufficient number of animals to yield about 20 pregnant females at or near term. Three test groups, at least, should be used. It is recommended that the test substance be administered in the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food consumption) and daily and detailed observations, each day preferably at the same time, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of a reproduction toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. A properly conducted reproduction test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level and an understanding of adverse effects on reproduction, parturition, lactation and postnatal growth.
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  • 59
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.5
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce document examine un certain nombre des conséquences que les deux grandes augmentations des prix du pétrole - 1973-74 et 1979-80 - ont eues sur l'économie de l'ensemble de la zone de l'OCDE.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Exchange rates are relative prices of national currencies, and under a floating rate regime they may naturally be viewed as being determined by the interplay of supply and demand in foreign exchange markets. This proposition is uncontroversial, but it provides no more than a starting point for understanding exchange rate determination and its relationship to other macroeconomic variables and to policy. Supply and demand in currency markets are dependent on conditions in other markets, real and financial, which are affected in turn by exchange rates themselves. In fact any analysis which attempted to be general would describe exchange rates as being determined in a complex process of interaction simultaneously with all other variables in the international macro-economy. Such an approach would prove too cumbersome to be helpful empirically. Simplifying assumptions have therefore been used in most standard models to provide explanations which are in varying degrees partial. Each model ...
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264070851
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 415; One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 415: One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice pour l’essai sur la reproduction est conçue pour fournir des informations générales concernant les effets d’une substance d’essai (liquide, solide, gaz ou vapeur), sur la performance reproductrice des mâles et des femelles. La substance d’essai est administrée oralement par dose graduée à plusieurs groupes de mâles et de femelles. Les mâles doivent être dosés durant la croissance et au moins pendant un cycle spermatogène complet ; les femelles de la génération parentale doivent être dosées pendant au moins deux cycles oestraux. Les animaux sont alors accouplés. La substance d’essai est administrée aux deux sexes pendant la période d’accouplement et par la suite seulement aux femelles pendant la période de gestation et d’allaitement. Cette Ligne directrice utilise principalement le rat ou la souris. Chaque groupe d'essai et de contrôle devrait contenir un nombre suffisant d'animaux pour garantir environ 20 femelles gravides à terme (ou presque à terme). Trois groupes d’essai au moins doivent être employés. Il est recommandé que la substance d’essai soit administrée dans la nourriture ou dans la boisson. Un essai limite peut être effectué si aucun effet n’est attendu à une dose de 1000 mg/kg poids corporel/j. Les résultats de l’étude comportent des mesures ( poids, consommation de nourriture) et des observations quotidiennes détaillées, tous les jours de préférence au même moment, de même qu’une autopsie générale et de l’histopathologie. Les résultats d'une étude de toxicité de reproduction sont évalués en termes d'effets observés, autopsie et résultats microscopiques. Un essai correctement effectué de reproduction fournit une évaluation satisfaisante d'un niveau de sans effet et une compréhension des effets nuisibles sur la reproduction, la parturition, la lactation et la croissance postnatale.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.2
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper sets out the various stages in the construction and estimation of a supply block for medium-term projection models. It describes the theoretical basis for the specification chosen and the estimation results. The basic block is a set of production factor demand functions. It is refined by modelling the scrapping behaviour of firms, introducing the effects stemming from movements in hours worked, and examining the role of profits. Other possible changes or improvements are outlined. The model is used to simulate the effects of movements in the relative prices of labour, capital and energy in recent years ...
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  • 63
    Language: French
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La question des réactions de la demande de pétrole et d'énergie aux variations du revenu et des prix reste au premier plan des débats consacrés à la politique économique. Comme l'on n'escompte qu'un ...
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461336495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. The Northern Algonkian Project and Changing Perceptions of Human Adaptation -- 2. History and Ecology of the Boreal Zone in Ontario -- 3. Prehistory of the Interior Forest of Northern Ontario -- 4. Cultural Adaptations: The Northern Ojibwa of the Boreal Forest 1670–1980 -- 5. Historical and Recent Demography of the Algonkians of Northern Ontario -- 6. Boreal Foraging Strategies -- 7. Boreal Forest Hazards and Adaptations: The Past -- 8. Boreal Forest Hazards and Adaptations: The Present -- 9. Biological Distances and Genetic Relationships within Algonkians -- 10. Coping with Cold and Other Challenges of the Boreal Forest: An Overview.
    Abstract: The chapters making up this volume are not just a collection of parts which were more or less on the same topic and happened to be available for cobbling together. Instead, they were written especially for it. We had before us from the beginning the goal of creating a synthesis of interest to students of environmental adaptation, but adaptation broadly construed, and to one of the world's difficult environments-the boreal forest. This is anthropology-but not anthropology of the old school. A word of explanation may be in order. Ecologists and those in traditional biological sci­ ences may find some of what follows to be familiar in format and in intellectual approach. Others of our perspectives may feel less comfortable and in fact may seem to be refugees from scholarship more of the sort pursued by historians. All that is quite true and rather nicely reflects the dualities and potential of anthropology as a discipline. We have always drawn strength from the arts as well as the sciences. We have more recently tried to identify biological templates for human behavior, and to understand the reciprocal impact of behavior on the human organism. Anthropology is a discipline, part art and part science, which is at once historical, behavioral, societal, and biological. No species has left a clearer path through time than has ours, and none has made its way through such a diversity of challenging environments. Determining how humanity has managed to do that is our goal.
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  • 65
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461592693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9781475706086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics. ; Developmental psychology.
    Abstract: Method -- Production of Narratives -- High Point Analysis -- Results and Discussion High Point Analysis -- Episodic Analysis -- Results and Discussion Episodic Analysis -- Dependency Analysis -- Results and Discussion Dependency Analysis -- Empirical Conclusions -- The Pleasures of Narrative.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781489927873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: Introduction: Before the Killing Stopped -- Introduction: Death but Not Torture -- 1. The Retributivist’s Case against Capital Punishment -- 2. The Purpose of Punishment -- 3. The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty -- 4. More on the Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty -- 5. Does Deterrence Need Capital Punishment? -- 6. Deterrence, the Death Penalty, and the Data -- 7. The Constitutional Question -- 8. Discrimination and Justice -- 9. Justice and Equality -- 10. Special Cases -- 11. Popular Arguments -- 12. Crimes of Passion -- 13. Death, Rehabilitation, the Bible, and Human Dignity -- 14. The Symbolic Meaning of the Death Penalty -- 15. The Abolitionist Rests -- 16. The Advocate Advocates.
    Abstract: From 1965 until 1980, there was a virtual moratorium on executions for capital offenses in the United States. This was due primarily to protracted legal proceedings challenging the death penalty on constitutional grounds. After much Sturm und Drang, the Supreme Court of the United States, by a divided vote, finally decided that "the death penalty does not invariably violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment." The Court's decisions, however, do not moot the controversy about the death penalty or render this excellent book irrelevant. The ball is now in the court of the Legislature and the Executive. Leg­ islatures, federal and state, can impose or abolish the death penalty, within the guidelines prescribed by the Supreme Court. A Chief Executive can commute a death sentence. And even the Supreme Court can change its mind, as it has done on many occasions and did, with respect to various aspects of the death penalty itself, durlog the moratorium period. Also, the people can change their minds. Some time ago, a majority, according to reliable polls, favored abolition. Today, a substantial majority favors imposition of the death penalty. The pendulum can swing again, as it has done in the past.
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  • 68
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461335368
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 356 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 520
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789282106648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports en 1981. Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1982. Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report on trends in investment and expenditure in the transport sector in ECMT Member countries in 1981 consists of four summary chapters and a statistical annex. Chapter 1 sets out the main trends for passenger and freight traffic as a whole in 1981 against the general economic background, the aim being primarily to compare the respective trends for the different modes of transport. Chapter 2 deals with the railways, covering not only traffic but also details of networks, rolling stock and operations. Chapter 3 analyses road transport in terms of trends in traffic, vehicle populations, infrastructures and operating conditions. Inland waterways, pipeline and sea transport are the subject of Chapter 4. The second part of the book presents a statistical report on road accidents in 1982.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9781461333005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 615 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Law & Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology.
    Abstract: 1 Scale Needs and Utilization -- 2 Search and Selection of Scales for Review -- 3 Using This Handbook -- 4 Ethical Issues and the Protection of Human Subjects -- 5 MMPI and CPI Special Scales -- 6 Law Enforcement and Police -- Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Attitude Scales: Listings -- Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Personality Measures: Listings -- Law Enforcement Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Law Enforcement Prediction: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Prediction: Listings -- Law Enforcement Description: Reviews -- Law Enforcement Description: Listings -- 7 Courts and the Law -- Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Attitude Scales: Listings -- Courts and the Law Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Courts and the Law Prediction: Listings -- Courts and the Law Description: Reviews -- Courts and the Law Description: Listings -- 8 Corrections -- Corrections Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Corrections Attitude Scales: Listings -- Corrections Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Corrections Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Corrections Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Corrections Personality Assessment: Listings -- Corrections Milieu Ratings: Reviews -- Corrections Milieu Ratings: Listings -- Corrections Prediction: Reviews -- Corrections Prediction: Listings -- Corrections Description: Reviews -- Corrections Description: Listings -- 9 Delinquency -- Delinquency Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Delinquency Attitude Scales: Listings -- Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Delinquency Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Delinquency Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Delinquency Personality Assessment: Listings -- Delinquency Milieu Rating: Listings -- Delinquency Prediction: Reviews -- Delinquency Prediction: Listings -- Delinquency Description: Reviews -- Delinquency Description: Listings -- 10 Offenders -- Offenders Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Offenders Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Offenders Behavior Ratings: Listings -- Offenders Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Offenders Personality Assessment: Listings -- Offender Description: Reviews -- Offenders Description: Listings -- 11 Crime and Criminality -- Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Attitude Scales: Listings -- Crime and Criminality Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Personality Assessment: Listings -- Crime and Criminality Prediction: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Description: Reviews -- Crime and Criminality Description: Listings -- 12 General Scales -- General Attitude Scales: Reviews -- General Attitude Scales: Listings -- General Behavior Ratings: Reviews -- General Personality Assessment: Reviews -- General Personality Assessment: Listings -- General Scales—Description: Reviews -- General Scales—Description: Listings.
    Abstract: In contrast to the great diversity of other crime and delinquency research measures, those drawn from the CPI and the MMPI have much in common. They are taken from standardized instruments administered under controlled conditions, with known stimulus properties and validity indicators. The CPI and MMPI measures will frequently be instruments of choice in research on personality and psychodynamics of offenders. CHAPTER 6 Law Enforcement and Police This chapter encompasses a variety of scales that refer to law enforcement or police agencies. Unfortunately, in the case of many scales, these terms are used simply with the assumption that the respondents understand the concepts and use them in the same way as researchers. In other cases, however, specific policing functions are identified and described. As noted in Chapter 3, a standard order of scale presentation is followed. First the attitudes scales are presented, followed by the behavior ratings, per­ sonality measures, milieu ratings, prediction measures and finally the very broad category of description. After the reviews are completed within each subcategory, other scales in that category are listed. (See Chapter 2 for a description of the criteria that were used in deciding upon whether a scale would be reviewed or simply listed. ) Listed scales are presented by title and bibliographic reference, followed by a very brief description.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9781468471205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Fundamentals and management -- 1. Robot use in manufacturing -- 2. Robot anatomy -- 3. End effectors: hands, grippers, pickups and tools -- 4 Matching robots to the workplace -- 5. Reliability, maintenance and safety -- 6. Organizing to support robotics -- 7. Robot economics -- 8. Sociological impact of robots -- 9. Future capabilities -- II Application studies -- 10. Die casting applications -- 11. Spot welding applications -- 12. Arc welding applications -- 13. Investment casting applications -- 14. Forging applications -- 15. Press work applications -- 16. Spray painting applications -- 17. Plastic molding applications -- 18. Applications in foundry practice -- 19. Machine tool loading applications -- 20. Heat treatment applications -- 21. Applications for deburring metal parts -- 22. Palletizing applications -- 23. Applications in brick manufacture -- 24. Applications in glass manufacture -- Appendix: List of principal robot manufacturers.
    Abstract: THE REAL THING by Isaac Asimov Back in 1939, when I was still a teenager, I began to write (and publish) a series of stories about robots which, for the first time in science fiction, were pictured as having been deliberately engineered to do their job safely. They were not intended to be creaky Gothic menaces, nor outlets for mawkish sentiment. They were simply well-designed machines. Beginning in 1942, I crystallized this notion in what I called 'The Three Laws of Robotics' and, in 1950, nine of my robot stories were collected into a book, I, Robot. I did not at that time seriously believe that I would live to see robots in action and robotics becoming a booming industry .... Yet here we are, better yet, I am alive to see it. But then, why shouldn't they be with us? Robots fulfil an important role in industry. They do simple and repetitive jobs more steadily, more reliably, and more uncomplainingly than a human being could - or should. Does a robot displace a human being? Certainly, but he does so at a job that, simply because a robot can do it, is beneath the dignity of a human being; a job that is no more than mindless drudgery. Better and more human jobs can be found for human beings - and should.
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  • 72
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461337843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Ettore Majorana International Science Series
    DDC: 530
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9781468444247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 Health Care Needs and Distributive Justice -- 2 For and Against Equal Access to Health Care -- 3 Jail and Prison Health Care Standards: A Determination of Need Without Reference to Want or Desire -- 4 How Should Values Count in the Allocation of New Technologies in Health Care? -- 5 The Neoconservative Health Strategy: Vouchers and the Rhetoric of Equity -- 6 Operationalizing Respect for Persons: A Qualitative Aspect of the Right to Health Care -- 7 Needs, Wants, Demands, and Interests: Their Interaction in Medical Practice and Health Policy -- 8 Physicians’ Refusals of Patient Demands: An Application of Medical Discernment -- Appendix A.
    Abstract: I Several years ago, when the Carter administration announced that it would support congressional action to end the public fund­ ing of abortions, the President was asked at a press conference whether he thought that such a policy was unfair; he responded, "Life is unfair." His remarks provoked a storm of controversy. For other than those who, for principled reasons, opposed abor­ tion on any grounds, it seemed that the President's comments were cruel, violating what was thought to be an American com­ mitment to providing equal access to health services to all citi­ zens, regardless of their capacity to pay. Those sentiments had, in fact, been reflected in public opinion polls that had, for at least three decades, indicated that Americans supported the propo­ sition that the government should guarantee health care to all. Ultimately, those beliefs had been translated into the oft-ex­ 1 pressed political demand for a one-class system of health care. This commitment to equality is rather remarkable. American society evidences a striking willingness to tolerate vast inequal­ ities with regard to income and wealth. While it guarantees ed­ ucation to all children, there is not even a pretense that the children of the wealthy and the children of the poor ought to get precisely the same kind of schooling. While some commitment 'Hazel Erskine. "The Polls: Health Insurance," Public Opinion Quarterly, XXXIX (Spring, 1975), 128-143.
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  • 74
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461336976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 348 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Ettore Majorana Institutional Sciences Series
    DDC: 530
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 75
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461337362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 275 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Ettore Majorana International Science Series
    DDC: 530
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468468465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Robot Technology, A Series in Eight Volumes 1
    Series Statement: Robot Technology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Definitions and objectives -- Origin of the word ‘robot’ -- Robotics today -- What is a robot? -- Classification of robots -- Conclusions -- 2 Structure and specification of articulated robots -- Degrees of freedom of a solid -- Degrees of freedom of a robot -- Position of the vehicle and resulting redundancy of degrees of freedom -- How many degrees of freedom? -- False degrees of freedom -- Architecture of the arm -- Description of articulated mechanical systems -- Conclusions -- 3 Articulated mechanical systems: determination of kinematic elements -- Computation of the orientation of a chain relative to a set bound to an upper segment -- Computation of the orientation of a chain relative to a set bound to a lower segment -- Computation of the position of a point on a chain in relation to an upper segment -- Computation of the position of a point on a chain in relation to a lower segment -- Determination of the velocity vectors of rotation of different segments of a chain relative to a set of coordinate axes -- Determination of the velocity vectors of translation of different segments of a chain relative to a set of coordinate axes -- Conclusions -- 4 Calculation of robot articulation variables -- The absence of a solution -- An infinite number of solutions -- A limited number of solutions -- Practical choice of [Pi(R0), Sj(R0)] -- Mechanisms with six degrees of freedom -- Mechanisms with more than six degrees of freedom -- Conclusions -- 5 Positional control of articulated robots -- Reference and starting configurations -- The principles of positional control -- Balanced and initialization configurations -- The problems associated with positional control -- 6 Speed control of articulated robots -- The principles of speed control -- Problems arising from the use of equation (6-16) -- Methods of resolving redundant systems -- Conclusions -- 7 Articulated mechanical systems: the dynamic model -- A dynamic model for an open articulated chain of rigid segments, without backlash or friction -- Development of a dynamic equation for a system having three degrees of freedom -- Another type of model: the bond graph -- Difficulties with dynamic models -- A dynamic model of a belt drive -- Conclusions -- 8 Dynamic control of articulated robots -- Problems associated with real time and computation -- Simplification of the equation of the model -- Other methods of dynamic control -- The choice of the space used in computation -- Conclusions -- 9 Learning and trajectory generation -- Methods of recording trajectories -- Manual control used outside of training -- Improved controls -- Trajectory generation -- Conclusions -- 10 Tasks and performance of articulated robots -- Description of tasks -- The performance of articulated robots -- Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: This first volume in the series is based on part of a course that I taught in various state and private institutions during 1979 and 1980. It was concerned with the design and control of stationary, articulated robots operating as non-feedback systems. This book (which is devoted to the statement and understanding of problems rather than their solution) presents a review of some of the work, started in 1972, of the team involved with robotics and biomechanics at the Automation Laboratory at Montpellier, in association with the French National Centre for Scientific Research. I am greatly indebted to Professor A. Liegeois, the guiding light of the team, to A. Fournier, E. Dombre, W. Khalil, P. Molinier and P. Borrel who have contributed so much to the progress made in this field. The second volume will describe the present state of the knowledge of robotic systems which are able to perceive the environment, to a greater or lesser extent, and to react appropriately. Such robots will be able to perform the function required of them, in spite of unpredictable, limited changes in the environment. The third volume will deal with teleoperations, the branch of robotics characterized by the necessary and almost permanent presence of a human operator at the controls. The fourth volume will be concerned with technological components of robots and further volumes will discuss robotic languages and programming methods, decision autonomy and artificial intelligence and, finally, the computer-aided design of robots.
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468470154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Social sciences
    Abstract: I. Policy Analysis in a New Key: Exploring Alternatives to Positivism -- 1. Interpretive Social Science and Policy Analysis -- 2 Social Science as Practical Reason -- 3 Comment on Robert N. Bellah, “Social Science as Practical Reason” -- 4 Imperfect Democracy and the Moral Responsibilities of Policy Advisers -- 5 Value-Critical Policy Analysis -- 6 Emancipatory Social Science and Social Critique -- II. Social Science and Political Advocacy -- 7 The British Tradition of Social Administration: Moral Concerns at the Expense of Scientific Rigor -- 8 Social Research and Political Advocacy: New Stages and Old Problems in Integrating Science and Values -- 9 Ideology, Interests, and Information: The Basis of Policy Positions -- III. Disciplinary Standards and Policy Analysis -- 10 Use of Social Science Data for Policy Analysis and Policymaking -- 11 Social Science and Policy Analysis: Some Fundamental Differences -- 12 Subverting Policy Premises -- 13 Partial Knowledge -- IV. Toward Ethical Guidelines -- 14 Toward Ethical Guidelines for Social Science Research in Public Policy.
    Abstract: The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif­ ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find­ ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep­ tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in­ fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le­ gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789282104446
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Use of the Car; Report of the Fifty-Fifth, Fifty-Sixth and Fifty-Seventh Round Tables on Transport Economics
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les délibérations de trois Tables rondes de la CEMT sur l’avenir de l’automobile. La première porte sur l’avenir de la motorisation, la seconde traite de l’utilisation de l’automobile et la troisième porte sur le changement de comportement des automobilistes.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789282106600
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evolution des investissements et des prestations dans les transports (1979). Rapport statistique sur les accidents de la route en 1980. Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789282105184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir de l'utilisation de l'automobile ; Perspectives de l'utilisation et de la possession de l'automobile; Rapport des la cinquante-cinquième table ronde d'économie des transports -- Coût d'usage de la voiture ; perception du coût et mesures fiscales ; Rapport de la cinquante-sixième table ro
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of three related ECMT Round Tables on the future of the car. The first concern the future of car ownership, the second concerns the cost of using a car, and the third concerns changing patterns of car usage.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789282104453
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.58
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Demand Models; Forecast-Recorded Traffic Comparisons for Urban and Intercity Transport; Report of the Fifty-Eighth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 25-26 June 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde évalue les tentatives réalisées depuis le début des années soixante pour modéliser la demande de transports de voyageurs et de marchandises.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789282106808
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trends in Transport Investment and Expenditure in 1979. Statistical Report on Road Accidents in 1980 [27th Annual Report. Activity of the Conference] Volume II
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport qui traite du développement des investissment et expenditures des transports dans les pays de la CEMT pour 1979 contient quatre chapitres. Le chapitre 1 résume les principales tendances en matière de transport des passagers et du fret pour chacun des modes. Le chapitre 2 concerne les transports par chemin de fer, mais à la comparaison des transports effectués s'ajoute une description détaillée des réseaux et des opérations ; le chapitre 3 porte sur les transports routiers, la dimension de l'infrastructure, le. parc de véhicules et son utilisation ; et le chapitre 4 sur les voies navigables, les ports et les pipelines. La deuxième partie de le rapport est une rapport statistique sur l'évolution des accidents de la route dans les pays membres de la CEMT et les 4 pays associés.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789282105191
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.58
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bilan de la modélisation de la demande ; Confrontation prévisions-résultats dans les transports urbains et interurbains ; rapport de la cinquante-huitième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 25 et 26 juin 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table is an assessment of the attempts made since the early sixties to model passenger and freight transport demand.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781475767551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 327 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Structure of the Limbic System -- 2. The Hypothalamus -- 3. The Amygdala -- 4. The Septal Area -- 5. The Hippocampus -- 6. The Graven Image, Lethe, and the Guru -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 107 with treatments that affect the arousal of the animals is also implied on the basis of the behavioral changes induced in the lesioned animals by amphetamine administration and by changes in the motivational circumstances under which the animals are tested. Studies of the effects of cingulate lesions in the rat have involved the production of midline cortical damage. Unfortunately, as reported in the previous chapter, the midline cortex of the rat is not comparable to the midline cortex of other animals as defined on the basis of the fibers it receives from the thalamus. In addition, lesions of the midline cortex, whether in the rat or in other species, are likely to interfere with fibers of the neural systems in or near it. These include the cingulum bundle and the supracallosal fibers of the fornix. Norepi­ nephrine-containing fibers also pass through this region in or near the cingulum bundle. These fibers ascend through the anterior dor­ solateral septal area and turn up and back to pass through the midline regions and innervate the entire medial cortex (Morrison, Molliver, & Grzanna, 1979). Lesions in this area reduce the norepinephrine distribution throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the medial cortex. A similar problem results from destruction to the anterior cortical regions. Lesions in that region could reduce the norepinephrine sup­ plies of the entire dorsolateral cortex.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9781468442359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (362p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Sociolinguistics.
    Abstract: Bilingualism and the Vernacular -- The Bilingual’s Linguistic Repertoire -- Cognitive Development in Bilingual Environments -- Immersion Education: Applicability for Nonvernacular Teaching to Vernacular Speakers -- Evaluation and Testing in Vernacular Languages -- Third World Vernacular/Bi-Multilingual Curricula Issues -- Educational Reform and the Instrumentalization of the Vernacular in Haiti -- The Richford Experience: French Bilingual Education as a ‘Basic’ Approach to Language Competence -- The Role of the Vernacular in Transitional Bilingual Education -- Teacher Training for Bilingual Education: An International Perspective -- The Cajun French Debate in Louisiana -- The Status of Languages in Europe -- Education for Separatism: The Belgian Experience -- American Bilingualism: The Need for a National Language Policy -- Issues in Bilingualism: A View to the Future -- References -- Index A: Languages and Language Communities -- Index B: Authors and Subjects.
    Abstract: CHRISTINA BRAIT PAULSTON There is an important difference between merely experimental and genuine experiment. The one may be a feeling for novelty, the other is rationally based on experience seeking a better way. - Frank Lloyd Wright Wright was talking about architecture, but the same difference can be applied to analyzing the relationship between standard and vernacular languages in bilingual education; surely we are also seeking a better way to handle bilingual education based on experience. How rationally based our efforts are, is another question. Works on this and similar topics can at times become the scene for very emotional-and very moving-presentations which sometimes are more utopian than rational. One can perhaps call this a very 'rational' text, because so few of the contributors are members of ethnic subordinate groups. Am I suggesting that minority group members are less rational? Of course not. I am suggesting that it is much easier to be calm, objective and scholarly about the lot of others than about your own. The most salient feature about the bilingual education of vernacular speaking groups is the social and economic exploitation of its members by the dominant group. The papers herein, treating bilingual education from a psychological perspective, agree at least on the issue that an understanding of the social and economic factors underlying bilingual education is crucial for understanding the psychological studies on bilingualism.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9781468442298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada 25
    Series Statement: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing. house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 25 (thesis year 1980) a total of 10,308 theses titles from 27 Canadian and 214 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 25 reports theses submitted in 1980, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461593027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 496 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Literacy. ; Anthropological linguistics. ; Language and languages—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Linguistics and Writing -- The Literate Writes and the NonLiterate Chants: Written Language and Ritual Communication in Sociolinguistic Perspective -- The Myth of Orality and Literacy -- Soviet Psycholinguistics: Implications for Teaching of Writing -- Universal Grammar and Composition: Relativization, Complementation, and Quantification -- Relationships: What Did I Write? What Did I Draw? -- The Pragmatic Structure of Rhetorical Maturity in the Sciences -- The Function of a Grammatical Alternation in 14 Surgical Reports -- Computers and Literacy -- Computerized Aids to Writing -- Computer-Ease: A Twentieth-Century Literacy Emergent -- A Computer-Aided Study of Confusion in Latin Morphology -- Linguistics and Reading -- Spelling, Reading, Language Variation -- Linguistics and/or Reading or Is Applied Linguistics a Caveat Emptor Technology? -- The Development of Verbal Reasoning: Pragmatic, Schematic and Operational Aspects -- Teaching Reading in the Inner City -- Early Reading Experiences: Some Linguistic Perspectives on Parent/Child Interaction in Book Sharing Situations -- A Propositional Analysis of Spanish Language Texts -- Second-Language Literacy -- Strategic Interaction from Texts: Converting Written Discourse into Spoken Conversation -- Word Frequency and Contextual Richness in ESL Word Identification -- Some Reflections on Error Analysis in the Speech of Near-Bilinguals whose Mother Tongue is Italian -- Non-Native Speakers of English and their Composition Abilities: A Review and Analysis -- French Verb Forms Simplified -- Discourse Content Structures in Beginning Spanish Learners.
    Abstract: William Frawley University of Delaware Several years ago, I performed a kind of perverse experiment. I showed, to several linguistic colleagues, the following comment made by Walker Percy (in The Message in the Bottle): language is too important a problem to be left only to linguists. The linguists' responses were peculiarly predictable: "What does Percy know? He's a mercenary outsider, a novelist, a psychiatrist! How can he say something like that?" Now, it should be known that the linguists who said such things in response were ardent followers of the linguistic vogue: to cross disciplines at whim for the sake of explanation---any explanation. It was odd, to say the least: Percy was damned by the very people who agreed with him! Fortunately, the papers in this book, though radically interdisciplinary, do not fall prey to the kind of hypocrisy described above. The papers (from the Third Delaware Symposium on Language Studies) address the question of literacy---a linguistic problem too important to be left only to linguists--but many of the authors are not linguists at all, and those who are linguists have taken the care to see beyond the parochialism of a single discipline. The subsequent papers have been written by psychologists, linguists, anthropologists, computer scientists, and language teachers to explain the problem of how humans develop, comprehend, and produce extended pieces of informa­ tion (discourses and texts).
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789282104415
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport and Energy; Report of the Fifty-Second Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 29-30 April 1980
    Keywords: Transport
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789282104408
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (155 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.51
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Social Service Transport; Transport for Elderly and Handicapped Persons; Report of the Fifty-First Round Table on Transport Economics held in Paris on 20-21 March 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde porte sur le transport des personnes ayant des besoins spécifiques, y compris les personnes âgées et handicapées. Elle traite aussi de sujets comme l'évaluation des besoins et le coût des services.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789282104422
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Working Conditions of Professional Drivers; Effects on Productivity and Road Safety; Report of the Fifty-Third Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 11-12 December 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde présente un rapport sur les conditions de travail des conducteurs professionnels. Elle porte sur l’environnement social et la situation de l’emploi, la sécurité routière, la productivité et la santé.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789282104439
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.54
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Organization of Taxi Services in Towns; Report of the Fifty-Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 12-13 March 1981
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde comprend des rapports sur l’organisation des services de taxi de trois pays : Suède, Allemagne et Portugal.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789282105177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.54
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'organisation des services de taxis dans les villes ; Rapport de la cinquante-quatrième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 12 et 13 mars 1981
    Keywords: Transport
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789282105139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Position concurrentielle et avenir du transport fluvial ; Rapport de la quarante-neuvième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 31 janvier et 1er février 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table examines the competitive position and future of inland waterway transport in Europe and features a paper by a scientist from the Danube Basin, Leo Chini of Austria.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789282104392
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (111 p)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Position and Future of Inland Waterway Transport; Report of the Forty-Ninth Round Table on Transport Economics Held in Paris on 31 January-1 February 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde examine la position concurrentielle et l’avenir du transport fluvial en Europe et comprend un rapport rédigé par un chercheur autrichien du bassin du Danube, Leo Chini.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264069763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114; Viscosité des liquides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 114: Viscosité des liquides
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes methods to measure the viscosity of liquids. The methods listed are appropriate in principle for the investigation of Newtonian liquids. The measurement of non-Newtonian liquids is only possible with the rotational viscometer. Viscosity measurements are carried out predominantly according to five methods: the capillary viscometer, the flow cup, the rotational viscometer, the rolling ball viscometer and the drawing ball viscometer. Each determination of viscosity should preferably be made at a temperature of 20°C and at one other temperature approximately 20°C higher. At least two determinations should be made at each temperature. The evaluation of the viscosity measurement is to be carried out according to the standards in the case of capillary and forced ball viscometers. In the case of rotational viscometers, the specification of a viscosity is appropriate only for Newtonian fluids. For non- Newtonian fluids the results obtained are preferred in the form of flow curves which must be interpreted, assuming the validity of various laws of flow.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264070363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302A: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Méthode SCAS modifiée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method which is an adaptation of the Soap and Detergent Association semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) procedure for assessing the primary biodegradation of alkyl benzene sulphonate. The test does not simulate those conditions experienced in a sewage treatment plant. Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is placed in an aeration (SCAS) unit. The test compound (non-volatile, water soluble, organic, non-inhibitoring to bacteria at the test concentration) and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed. The sludge remaining in the aeration chamber is then mixed with a further aliquot of test compound and sewage and the cycle is repeated. The above fill and draw procedure is repeated daily throughout the test. A high concentration of aerobic micro-organisms is used. The length of the test for compounds showing little or no biodegradation is indeterminate, but experience suggests that this should be at least 12 weeks. Biodegradation is established by determination of the dissolved organic carbon content of the supernatant liquor. This value is compared with that found for the liquor obtained from a control tube dosed with settled sewage only.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264070745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410; Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées; 21/28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 410: Toxicité cutanée à doses répétées: 21/28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. At least 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin should be used at each dose level (at least three). The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but not produce an incidence of fatalities. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The method is based on the repeated application of the substance of interest during one limited period (several hours daily during 21/28 days). The test substance should be applied over not less than 10 per cent of the body surface area. The results of this study include: measurements and daily and detailed observations (haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted 21-day or 28-day study should provide information on the effects of repeated inhalation exposure and can indicate the need for further longer term studies and provide information on the dose levels of the latter.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789282105153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (129 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et énergie ; Rapport de la cinquante-deuxième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 20 et 30 avril 1980
    Keywords: Transport
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789282105160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conditions de travail des conducteurs professionnels ; Effets sur la productivité et la sécurité routière ; rapport de la cinquante-troisième table ronde d'économie des transports tenue à Paris les 11 et 12 décembre 1980
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table presents a report on the working conditions of professional drivers covering such aspects as social environment and job situation, road safety and productivity and health.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264069817
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 116; Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 116: Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode pour déterminer la liposolubilité des substances solides et liquides. La liposolubilité d'une substance est l'une des données pour évaluer le stockage des matériaux lipidiques solubles dans les tissus biologiques.Cette méthode d'essai peut seulement être appliquée aux substances pures, qui ne réagissent pas avec les triglycérides, qui sont stables à 50°C pendant au moins 24 heures et qui ne sont également pas sensiblement volatiles dans les mêmes conditions. La substance est dissoute par agitation dans « une graisse de référence » liquide, et la fraction massique de saturation de la substance est déterminée par addition continue, jusqu'à ce que la variable dépendant de la fraction massique, mesurée par une méthode analytique appropriée, atteigne une valeur constante. Les méthodes emploient huit échantillons, chacun doit correspondre au double de la quantité nécessaire pour la saturation qui a été déterminée dans l'essai préliminaire. Après avoir ajouté une quantité pesée d’approximativement 25 g de graisse de référence liquéfiée et mélangée, quatre flacons sont remués à 30°C (groupe I) et les quatre autres à environ 50°C (groupe II), chaque flacon pendant au moins une heure. Tous les flacons sont remués à 37°C, pour les liquides pendant 3 heures pour deux flacons de chaque groupe et pendant au moins 24 heures pour les deux derniers flacons. À la fin un échantillon est prélevé, pesé et la fraction de masse est déterminée avec différentes méthodes (méthodes photométriques, chromatographie en phase gazeuse, et extraction).
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