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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (65)
  • 1980-1984  (62)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (65)
  • Social sciences.  (65)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (65)
  • BSZ  (4)
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Language
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Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Lead in the atmosphere -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sources of lead in air -- 2.3 Concentrations of lead in ambient air -- 2.4 Particle size distributions -- 2.5 Chemical properties of atmospheric lead -- References -- 3 Lead in water -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sources of lead in surface waters -- 3.3 Concentrations of lead in water -- 3.4 Chemistry of lead in water -- References -- 4 Lead in soils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of lead in soil -- 4.3 Concentrations of lead in soil -- 4.4 Uptake of soil lead by living organisms -- 4.5 Chemistry of lead in soils -- 4.6 Lead in street dusts -- References -- 5 Control of lead in air -- 5.1 Industrial sources of lead -- 5.2 Control of industrial emissions of lead -- 5.3 Legislative regulations affecting industrial lead emissions -- 5.4 Control of lead emissions from motor vehicles -- 5.5 Ambient air quality standard for lead -- 5.6 Control of lead within the workplace -- References -- 6 Control of lead discharges to water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Water quality criteria and standards -- 6.3 Uniform emission standards versus water quality objectives -- 6.4 Control practices for lead discharges -- References -- 7 Human exposure to lead and its effects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sources and intake of lead -- 7.3 Uptake of lead -- 7.4 Metabolism of lead -- 7.5 Blood leads -- 7.6 Biological and adverse health effects of exposure to lead -- References -- 8 Chemical analysis of lead in the environment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Chemical analysis of lead: available techniques -- 8.3 Sampling and analysis of environmental media -- 8.4 Contamination during lead analysis -- References.
    Abstract: At the time of writing, the topic of lead pollution is the subject of an intense and sometimes heated debate. The argument centres upon possible adverse health effects arising from exposure of children to current environmental levels of lead. Such arguments now appear little closer to resolution than they did five years ago, although the development of ever more sophisticated biochemical and epidemiological techniques may eventually provide an answer. Over the past five to ten years, as the general public has become aware of the lead issue, pressure has been put upon governments to limit emissions of lead, and hence limit or reduce the exposure of the population to the metal. Govern­ ments and governmental agencies have responded in several ways, varying between those who prefer to take little or no action on the basis that they see no cause for concern, and those who have taken firm action after concluding that the scientific and medical evidence warrants this approach. Any effective control strategy for lead requires knowledge of the sources of environmental exposure and an understanding of the pathways of this metal in the environment. This book aims to provide such information and to explain the methods available for limiting emissions of lead from the most important sources. To put this information in context a chapter on the routes of human exposure to lead and the health effects is included.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionReferences -- 2 Lead in the atmosphere -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sources of lead in air -- 2.3 Concentrations of lead in ambient air -- 2.4 Particle size distributions -- 2.5 Chemical properties of atmospheric lead -- References -- 3 Lead in water -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sources of lead in surface waters -- 3.3 Concentrations of lead in water -- 3.4 Chemistry of lead in water -- References -- 4 Lead in soils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of lead in soil -- 4.3 Concentrations of lead in soil -- 4.4 Uptake of soil lead by living organisms -- 4.5 Chemistry of lead in soils -- 4.6 Lead in street dusts -- References -- 5 Control of lead in air -- 5.1 Industrial sources of lead -- 5.2 Control of industrial emissions of lead -- 5.3 Legislative regulations affecting industrial lead emissions -- 5.4 Control of lead emissions from motor vehicles -- 5.5 Ambient air quality standard for lead -- 5.6 Control of lead within the workplace -- References -- 6 Control of lead discharges to water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Water quality criteria and standards -- 6.3 Uniform emission standards versus water quality objectives -- 6.4 Control practices for lead discharges -- References -- 7 Human exposure to lead and its effects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sources and intake of lead -- 7.3 Uptake of lead -- 7.4 Metabolism of lead -- 7.5 Blood leads -- 7.6 Biological and adverse health effects of exposure to lead -- References -- 8 Chemical analysis of lead in the environment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Chemical analysis of lead: available techniques -- 8.3 Sampling and analysis of environmental media -- 8.4 Contamination during lead analysis -- References.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9781468447248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 465 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Energy Resources -- Scenarios of Energy Requirement in Seven Regions of the World -- Energy Supply in Seven Regions of the World and International Oil Trade -- Nature of Energy Demand -- Nuclear Energy Strategies -- The Second Fossil and Nuclear Age -- Modelling and Assessment of Energy Demand -- Energy Supply Model Message and Its Application to IIASA’s World Region V -- Macro — A General Equilibrium Model -- The IIASA-ENP Energy Picture of Latin America: An Overview -- Biomass Energy -- A Twenty Year Perspective on Energy Demand and Supply Situation of Pakistan -- II: Physics and Technology -- Computer Simulation -- Development of Application Software for Minicomputer Systems -- Initiation Mechanics: The Prediction of Metal Fatigue Damage -- III: Biophysics -- Restriction Endonucleases, DNA Sequencing and Computers -- Biophysics of Radiation Action -- Medical Uses of Accelerators -- Self-Copying DNA Programs -- IV: Frontiers of Physics -- Stellar Structure and Stellar Evolution — Another View -- Cosmological Consequences of Massive Neutrinos -- Interfaces Between Particle Physics and Cosmology -- Participants.
    Abstract: This volume consists of lectures delivered at the Sixth Inter­ national Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held at Islamabad from June 15 to July 2, 1981. The College used to be held at one of the scenic hill resorts of Pakistan, Nathiagali, hence the name of the College. The College was organized by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), under the patronage of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, with a view to providing an opportunity for local physicists and physicists from developing countries for learning of the latest developments in various branches of physics. The University Grants Commission provided a financial grant for the participation of physicists from the universities of Pakistan. The College had 18 lecturers from 7 countries. The total participation in the College was by over 200 people from 18 different countries. There were 15 days of concentrated lecturing during the day followed by seminars and discussion sessions in the evenings. From its inception the College has had a broad-based, multi­ disciplinary emphasis. The purpose of the College has been to provide­ physicists in the developing countries with enough information in various branches of physics so that they can shift, or broaden, their field of research. In the poor countries, like Pakistan, physicists cannot always get facilities and opportunities to continue research in their original field of specialisation at a reasonable level.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Energy ResourcesScenarios of Energy Requirement in Seven Regions of the World -- Energy Supply in Seven Regions of the World and International Oil Trade -- Nature of Energy Demand -- Nuclear Energy Strategies -- The Second Fossil and Nuclear Age -- Modelling and Assessment of Energy Demand -- Energy Supply Model Message and Its Application to IIASA’s World Region V -- Macro - A General Equilibrium Model -- The IIASA-ENP Energy Picture of Latin America: An Overview -- Biomass Energy -- A Twenty Year Perspective on Energy Demand and Supply Situation of Pakistan -- II: Physics and Technology -- Computer Simulation -- Development of Application Software for Minicomputer Systems -- Initiation Mechanics: The Prediction of Metal Fatigue Damage -- III: Biophysics -- Restriction Endonucleases, DNA Sequencing and Computers -- Biophysics of Radiation Action -- Medical Uses of Accelerators -- Self-Copying DNA Programs -- IV: Frontiers of Physics -- Stellar Structure and Stellar Evolution - Another View -- Cosmological Consequences of Massive Neutrinos -- Interfaces Between Particle Physics and Cosmology -- Participants.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Nature of Polysaccharides -- A. General Introduction -- B. The Emerging View of Carbohydrate Structure -- C. The Sequencing of Oligo- and Poly-saccharides -- D. Structures of Carbohydrates -- Further Reading -- 2. Sugar Nucleotides and Cyclitols -- A. Introduction -- B. The Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides -- C. The Detection, Analysis and Chemistry of Sugar Nucleotides -- D. Classes of Sugar Nucleotides -- E. The Use of ‘Cell-Free’ Systems in Studying Saccharide Assembly: Some Problems -- F. Mechanisms of Interconversion of Sugar Nucleotides -- G. Cyclitol Metabolism -- H. The Fate and Re-use of Degradation Products of Glycoconjugates and Polysaccharides -- I. Pathways of Sugar Nucleotide Interconversion -- Further Reading -- 3. Glycosylation in Bacteria -- A. The Structure of Bacterial Surfaces -- B. Bacterial Carbohydrates -- C. The Strategy of Analysing Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- D. Undecaprenol -- E. Synthesis of Teichoic Acids and Allied Polymers -- F. Peptidoglycan Assembly -- G. Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis (in Salmonella and Related Genera) -- H. Polysaccharide Synthesis -- I. Organisational Aspects of Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- Further Reading -- 4. Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Assembly and Related Processes in Eukaryotic Cells -- A. Glycosylation in Eukaryotes: General Schemes -- B. The Synthesis of N-Glycosidic Oligosaccharide ‘Cores’ in Higher Animals -- C. The Initiation and Early Assembly of ‘Mucin-type’ Structures -- D. The Formation of the Clc1,2Gal 1-Hyl Sequence in Collagens and Clq -- E. Construction of Saccharide Sequences by Mechanisms Independent of Dolichol -- F. Biosynthesis of Glycosphingolipids -- G. Glycerol-based Glycolipids -- H. Sulphated Glycolipids -- I. Complex Glycolipids of Lower Animals -- J. Fungal Cell Wall Mannans and Glycoproteins -- K. The Glycoproteins and Glycolipids of Plants -- Further Reading -- 5. Polysaccharide Assembly in Eukaryotes -- A. Introduction -- B. General Problems and Principles -- C. Specific Polysaccharides -- Further Reading -- 6. Cytological Aspects of Glycosyl Transfer in Eukaryotes -- A. Basic ideas of Membrane Structure and Carbohydrates -- B. The Genetic Commitment to Glycosyl Transfer -- C. Self-assembly in Polysaccharide Structures -- D. The Integration of Glycosyl Transfer into General Metabolism -- Further Reading -- 7. Pathological Aspects of Glycosylation -- A. Introduction -- B. Catabolic Defects in the Metabolism of Glycoconjugates -- C. Abnormal Glycosylation and Uptake of Glycoproteins -- D. Defective Intracellular Targeting of Glycoconjugates -- E. Defective Synthesis of Glycoconjugates -- Further Reading -- Appendix: Terminology -- 1. Shape of Sugars -- 2. Derivatives of Simple Sugars -- (a) Deoxy-sugars -- (b) Amino- and Acetamido-sugars -- (c) Uronic Acids -- (d) Sugar Alcohols -- (e) Acyl, Ether and Sulphate Groups in Sugars -- 3. Sialic Acids -- 4. Notations for Sugars -- (a) Simple Sugars: Three-letter Notation -- (b) Uronic Acids -- (c) Amino-and Acetamido-sugars -- (d)’ single-letter’ Notation in Special Cases -- (e) Sulphates and Phosphates -- (f) Sialic Acids -- (g) D and L Sugars -- (h) Pyranose and Furanose Forms -- (i) Linkage -- (j ) Anomeric Configuration -- (k) Branching -- (1) Special Symbols -- 5. Special Nomenclature of Glycolipids -- 6. Special Nomenclature of Glycoproteins and Related Polymers -- (c) Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans -- 7. Special Nomenclature of Polysaccharides -- References.
    Abstract: For many years studies of the structure and biosynthesis of saccharides formed a specialised and somewhat abstruse part of biochemistry, with little or no place in molecular biology. In recent years this has changed profoundly, as has the character of much of carbohydrate biochemistry. Saccharides are now seen as generally possessing specific structures, which are potentially informational-though there is little firm evidence, as yet, as to the nature and expression of this information. Biosynthetic studies, especially upon glyco­ proteins, have provided major new insights into the ways by which specific sugar sequences can be assembled and the relationship of this to membranes and membrane flow. While the study of polysaccharide 'biosynthesis has developed more slowly, its future progress will be profoundly affected by the new knowledge of glycoproteins and this, in turn, will have major implications in the understanding of biological matrices and microenvironments. With this rapid growth and change, ever more scientists - of increasingly diverse backgrounds - are needing to understand something of carbohydrate biochemistry. This book is directed towards them, not with the intention that it should compete with existing text books, or simply be an elementary introduction, but with the intent that it should provide a bridge between the rather disparate and diverging lines of development in the subject and to bring out the important principles of saccharide assembly that are emerging.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Nature of PolysaccharidesA. General Introduction -- B. The Emerging View of Carbohydrate Structure -- C. The Sequencing of Oligo- and Poly-saccharides -- D. Structures of Carbohydrates -- Further Reading -- 2. Sugar Nucleotides and Cyclitols -- A. Introduction -- B. The Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides -- C. The Detection, Analysis and Chemistry of Sugar Nucleotides -- D. Classes of Sugar Nucleotides -- E. The Use of ‘Cell-Free’ Systems in Studying Saccharide Assembly: Some Problems -- F. Mechanisms of Interconversion of Sugar Nucleotides -- G. Cyclitol Metabolism -- H. The Fate and Re-use of Degradation Products of Glycoconjugates and Polysaccharides -- I. Pathways of Sugar Nucleotide Interconversion -- Further Reading -- 3. Glycosylation in Bacteria -- A. The Structure of Bacterial Surfaces -- B. Bacterial Carbohydrates -- C. The Strategy of Analysing Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- D. Undecaprenol -- E. Synthesis of Teichoic Acids and Allied Polymers -- F. Peptidoglycan Assembly -- G. Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis (in Salmonella and Related Genera) -- H. Polysaccharide Synthesis -- I. Organisational Aspects of Glycosyl Transfers in Bacteria -- Further Reading -- 4. Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Assembly and Related Processes in Eukaryotic Cells -- A. Glycosylation in Eukaryotes: General Schemes -- B. The Synthesis of N-Glycosidic Oligosaccharide ‘Cores’ in Higher Animals -- C. The Initiation and Early Assembly of ‘Mucin-type’ Structures -- D. The Formation of the Clc1,2Gal 1-Hyl Sequence in Collagens and Clq -- E. Construction of Saccharide Sequences by Mechanisms Independent of Dolichol -- F. Biosynthesis of Glycosphingolipids -- G. Glycerol-based Glycolipids -- H. Sulphated Glycolipids -- I. Complex Glycolipids of Lower Animals -- J. Fungal Cell Wall Mannans and Glycoproteins -- K. The Glycoproteins and Glycolipids of Plants -- Further Reading -- 5. Polysaccharide Assembly in Eukaryotes -- A. Introduction -- B. General Problems and Principles -- C. Specific Polysaccharides -- Further Reading -- 6. Cytological Aspects of Glycosyl Transfer in Eukaryotes -- A. Basic ideas of Membrane Structure and Carbohydrates -- B. The Genetic Commitment to Glycosyl Transfer -- C. Self-assembly in Polysaccharide Structures -- D. The Integration of Glycosyl Transfer into General Metabolism -- Further Reading -- 7. Pathological Aspects of Glycosylation -- A. Introduction -- B. Catabolic Defects in the Metabolism of Glycoconjugates -- C. Abnormal Glycosylation and Uptake of Glycoproteins -- D. Defective Intracellular Targeting of Glycoconjugates -- E. Defective Synthesis of Glycoconjugates -- Further Reading -- Appendix: Terminology -- 1. Shape of Sugars -- 2. Derivatives of Simple Sugars -- (a) Deoxy-sugars -- (b) Amino- and Acetamido-sugars -- (c) Uronic Acids -- (d) Sugar Alcohols -- (e) Acyl, Ether and Sulphate Groups in Sugars -- 3. Sialic Acids -- 4. Notations for Sugars -- (a) Simple Sugars: Three-letter Notation -- (b) Uronic Acids -- (c) Amino-and Acetamido-sugars -- (d)’ single-letter’ Notation in Special Cases -- (e) Sulphates and Phosphates -- (f) Sialic Acids -- (g) D and L Sugars -- (h) Pyranose and Furanose Forms -- (i) Linkage -- (j ) Anomeric Configuration -- (k) Branching -- (1) Special Symbols -- 5. Special Nomenclature of Glycolipids -- 6. Special Nomenclature of Glycoproteins and Related Polymers -- (c) Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans -- 7. Special Nomenclature of Polysaccharides -- References.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781468464863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The UK tractor population -- Types of tractor. Tractor-mounted loaders. Diversification. Conventional tractors. Technical variations -- 2 The farming scene: The statistics of how tractors fit in -- The land. Cropping. Labour. Tractor numbers. The EEC. The individual farm -- 3 Matching the tractor to the individual farm -- Size up the farm. The individual farm—the individual circumstances. Ground work. What really happens on the farm. Your production — your enterprise. The crops on the land. Livestock. Machinery. Work in the field. Work on the roads. Farm layout. Work in the buildings. Gather the facts. Your costs. Detailed conclusions. Labour. Weather. Night light. Individual enterprises. Arable work. Grassland work. Transport. Building up a specification. Type of tractor. Size -- 4 The choice: What makes a good tractor? -- The engine. Transmission. Overlap of gears. Competitive price for a full specification. A comfortable and functional cab. Comprehensive hydraulics. Single-lever hydraulics. Lower link sensing. Good brakes. Versatile PTO. Steering. Rigid frame design. Selective steering -- 5 Tractor numbers and sizes -- Purchase of a new tractor. Production. Profit motive. Tractor size. Weather. Available work days for cultivation. Power required. Tractor power. Financial considerations. Financial performance. Acres per hour per £1 invested. Work output per horse power -- 6 Ownership, replacement policy and contractors -- Securing ownership. Sources of finance. Outright purchase. Bank loan. Leasing. Other finance. Replacement policy. Contractor services -- 7 Operation -- Knowledge of the machine. Practical details of tractor operation. The controls. Seat belts. Starting and stopping procedures. Use of throttles. Brakes. Independent PTO clutch. Clutch. Two-speed PTO. Differential lock. Transmissions. Synchromesh transmission. Gear selection. Four-wheel drive. Power-shift transmission. Four-speed mechanical gear selection. Hydraulics. The Selectamatic system. Trailed implements. Operating with draft control. Operating with position control. Lower link sensing. Operating the linkage. Operating draft implements. Operating non-draft implements. External services. Check list — hydraulics operation -- 8 Maintenance and care -- Routine maintenance. Consumables — Fuel. Cold weather. Flash point. Grease. Oil. Additives. Key component — the PTO shaft. Check lists — Periodic inspections. Adjustments and replacements. Service. Special conditions. Replacement Before Failure. Repairs after failure. Service facilities. Layout and choice of equipment -- 9 Professionalism -- Hidden costs. Knowledge. The Health and Safety Regulations. List of Agricultural safety leaflets. Further advice. Further information. Ability. The Agricultural Training Board (ATB). Training. Staff management skills training. Adult worker training. Apprenticeship and craft training scheme. Useful addresses. Insurance. The tractor policy.
    Abstract: Despite the fact that the farmer spends more on machinery than anything else except the land and despite the fact that he spends more on tractors than on any other machine, there are few books on the choice and operation of tractors to fit modern farming conditions. Most of this book is about farming and how to fit tractors to the individual situation. Those sections are completely unbiased and Case are happy to sponsor such a book in the wider interests of sensible, more productive and safer use of tractors and machinery. Where the Company's views are expressed it is clearly stated as such. This is mainly in the area of design detail and then only for the sake of being concise and brief. The first part of the book is concerned with relating the needs of the individual farm to specific details of tractor performance. Later chapters deal with policy on size, numbers and replacement. This section is a major development specifically about tractors. It is developed from the author's work Farm Mechanisationfor Prl!fitwhich deals with machinery in the wider sense. Later chapters of this book are related to profes­ sionalism in operation, maintenance and care.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The UK tractor populationTypes of tractor. Tractor-mounted loaders. Diversification. Conventional tractors. Technical variations -- 2 The farming scene: The statistics of how tractors fit in -- The land. Cropping. Labour. Tractor numbers. The EEC. The individual farm -- 3 Matching the tractor to the individual farm -- Size up the farm. The individual farm-the individual circumstances. Ground work. What really happens on the farm. Your production - your enterprise. The crops on the land. Livestock. Machinery. Work in the field. Work on the roads. Farm layout. Work in the buildings. Gather the facts. Your costs. Detailed conclusions. Labour. Weather. Night light. Individual enterprises. Arable work. Grassland work. Transport. Building up a specification. Type of tractor. Size -- 4 The choice: What makes a good tractor? -- The engine. Transmission. Overlap of gears. Competitive price for a full specification. A comfortable and functional cab. Comprehensive hydraulics. Single-lever hydraulics. Lower link sensing. Good brakes. Versatile PTO. Steering. Rigid frame design. Selective steering -- 5 Tractor numbers and sizes -- Purchase of a new tractor. Production. Profit motive. Tractor size. Weather. Available work days for cultivation. Power required. Tractor power. Financial considerations. Financial performance. Acres per hour per £1 invested. Work output per horse power -- 6 Ownership, replacement policy and contractors -- Securing ownership. Sources of finance. Outright purchase. Bank loan. Leasing. Other finance. Replacement policy. Contractor services -- 7 Operation -- Knowledge of the machine. Practical details of tractor operation. The controls. Seat belts. Starting and stopping procedures. Use of throttles. Brakes. Independent PTO clutch. Clutch. Two-speed PTO. Differential lock. Transmissions. Synchromesh transmission. Gear selection. Four-wheel drive. Power-shift transmission. Four-speed mechanical gear selection. Hydraulics. The Selectamatic system. Trailed implements. Operating with draft control. Operating with position control. Lower link sensing. Operating the linkage. Operating draft implements. Operating non-draft implements. External services. Check list - hydraulics operation -- 8 Maintenance and care -- Routine maintenance. Consumables - Fuel. Cold weather. Flash point. Grease. Oil. Additives. Key component - the PTO shaft. Check lists - Periodic inspections. Adjustments and replacements. Service. Special conditions. Replacement Before Failure. Repairs after failure. Service facilities. Layout and choice of equipment -- 9 Professionalism -- Hidden costs. Knowledge. The Health and Safety Regulations. List of Agricultural safety leaflets. Further advice. Further information. Ability. The Agricultural Training Board (ATB). Training. Staff management skills training. Adult worker training. Apprenticeship and craft training scheme. Useful addresses. Insurance. The tractor policy.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468446289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Yellow Crescent of Ascidian Eggs: Molecular Organization, Localization and Role in Early Development -- Expression of Maternal and Embroyonic Genes During Sea Urchin Development -- Translational Regulation of Gene Expression in Early Development -- mRNA Distributions in Sea Urchin Embryos -- Subcellular Localization of Maternal Histone mRNAs and The Control of Histone Synthesis in The Sea Urchin Embryo -- A Family of mRNAs Expressed in The Dorsal Ectoderm of Sea Urchin Embryos -- Segregation of Germ-Line-Specific Antigens During Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans -- Genetic and Developmental Approaches to Understanding Determination in Early Development -- Homoeotic Genes and The Specification of Segmental Identity in The Embryo and Adult Thorax of Drosophila Melanogaster -- Isolation and Characterization of Genes Differentially Expressed in Early Drosophila Embryogenesis -- Accumulation and Behavior of mRNA During Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis of Xenopus Laevis -- Protein Synthesis Patterns During Early Amphibian Embryogenesis -- Changes in Synthesis of RNA and Protein During Reactivation of Delayed Implanting Mouse Blastocysts -- Contributors -- Photos of Participants.
    Abstract: The early embryo has emerged as the focal point for analysis of the regulation of gene expression for several reasons. First, the fact that embryogenesis is under genetic control has been appreciated from the earliest days of classical embryology. When experimental techniques became available it was therefore logical that they should be applied to the embryo. With each new advance in methodology, interest in embryonic gene expression studies has increased. Second, many embryos offer unique opportunities for the investigation of specific aspects of the regulation of gene expression. Several phenomena--eg. , control of translation--can be very conveniently studied in a variety of marine invertebrate embryos. Those embryos contain large stores of maternally inherited mRNA which are translated in a highly ordered fashion during specific stages of post fertilization development. Marine invertebrate eggs can be conveniently artifically inseminated and labeled with radioactive precursors. Their analysis is leading to important insights into the mechanisms which regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Third, recent advances in both transmission and recombinant DNA genetics, especially in organisms such as Drosophila, are providing special opportunities for the analysis of regulatory mechanisms which operate at the level of the genome. Specific genes have been identified, isolated, and--in some instances--sequenced. The opportunity is now available to study the regulation of the expression of single genes in a vertical fashion--from the primary sequence of the gene to the tissues and organs which are the products of morphogenesis.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Yellow Crescent of Ascidian Eggs: Molecular Organization, Localization and Role in Early DevelopmentExpression of Maternal and Embroyonic Genes During Sea Urchin Development -- Translational Regulation of Gene Expression in Early Development -- mRNA Distributions in Sea Urchin Embryos -- Subcellular Localization of Maternal Histone mRNAs and The Control of Histone Synthesis in The Sea Urchin Embryo -- A Family of mRNAs Expressed in The Dorsal Ectoderm of Sea Urchin Embryos -- Segregation of Germ-Line-Specific Antigens During Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans -- Genetic and Developmental Approaches to Understanding Determination in Early Development -- Homoeotic Genes and The Specification of Segmental Identity in The Embryo and Adult Thorax of Drosophila Melanogaster -- Isolation and Characterization of Genes Differentially Expressed in Early Drosophila Embryogenesis -- Accumulation and Behavior of mRNA During Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis of Xenopus Laevis -- Protein Synthesis Patterns During Early Amphibian Embryogenesis -- Changes in Synthesis of RNA and Protein During Reactivation of Delayed Implanting Mouse Blastocysts -- Contributors -- Photos of Participants.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468478174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Ancestors of the Mammals -- 2 The Therapsids -- 3 Specialised Cynodont Derivatives -- 4 The First Mammals -- 5 Dentitions, Tooth-replacement and Jaw Articulation -- 6 The Evolution of Mammalian Sight and Hearing -- 7 The Completion of the First Stage of Mammalian Evolution in the Middle Jurassic -- 8 The Mammals of the Upper Jurassic -- 9 The Mammals of the Lower Cretaceous -- 10 Epilogue.
    Abstract: This book is not intended to give a full and comprehensive account of the Mesozoic mammals, and nor is it intended as a handbook for research workers studying pre-Tertiary mammals. Our intention is to give an account of the origin and evolution of certain of the characters of the Mammalia. We have tried to portray the fossils we describe as the living animals they once were, not as dead bones. Our account ends with the end of the Lower Cretaceous, since by that time the major characters of the mammals had become established. There exist a number of characters which, at the present day, are confined to the Mammalia. These include: (1) a jaw articulation formed by the squamosal and the dentary; (2) a chain of three bones, malleus, incus and stapes connecting the tympanic membrane to the inner ear; (3) the presence of hair or fur; (4) the presence of milk-glands in the female; (5) the left aortic arch is the systemic arch; (6) the phalangeal formula in both manus and pes is 2.3.3.3.3; (7) some of the teeth have more than one root. Of these characters (1) or (2) are sufficient by themselves to define a mammal; characters (6) and (7) are known to have been already in existence in some of the mammal-like reptiles - the ancestors of the mammals.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Ancestors of the Mammals2 The Therapsids -- 3 Specialised Cynodont Derivatives -- 4 The First Mammals -- 5 Dentitions, Tooth-replacement and Jaw Articulation -- 6 The Evolution of Mammalian Sight and Hearing -- 7 The Completion of the First Stage of Mammalian Evolution in the Middle Jurassic -- 8 The Mammals of the Upper Jurassic -- 9 The Mammals of the Lower Cretaceous -- 10 Epilogue.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461325314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Polymer Structure and Physical Properties -- 2 Stress-Strain Behavior of Plastics Materials -- 3 Effects of Fillers on Properties and Performance -- 4 Stress Analysis for Plastics -- 5 Structural Design of Beams, Plates and Other Structural Members -- 6 Dynamic Load Response of Plastics Members and Effects of Cyclical Loading -- 7 Other Forms of Stress Applied to Plastics Parts -- 8 Design for Stiffness -- 9 Processing Limitations on Plastics Product Design -- 10 CAD/CAM and Plastics Product Design -- 11 Material and Process Interaction and the Effects on the Performance of Plastics Parts and the Resulting Design Limitations -- 12 Performance in Service and Environmental Exposure -- 13 Design Procedure for Plastics Parts: Function, Material, Geometry, Test -- 14 Design of Plastics Structural Parts for Static Loads -- 15 Design of Dynamically Loaded Plastics Parts and Evaluation Procedures -- 16 The Design of Plastics Parts for Electrical Applications -- 17 Design of Plastics Parts for Optical Applications -- 18 Other Design Applications for Plastics -- Index/.
    Abstract: Plastics have become increasingly important in the products used in our society, ranging from housing to packaging, transportation, business machines and especially in medicine and health products. Designing plastic parts for this wide range of uses has become a major activity for designers, architects, engineers, and others who are concerned with product development. Because plastics are unique materials with a broad range of proper­ ties they are adaptable to a variety of uses. The uniqueness of plastics stems from their physical characteristics which are as different from metals, glasses, and ceramics as these materials are different from each other. One major concern is the design of structures to take loads. Metals as well as the other materials are assumed to respond elastically and to recover completely their original shape after the load is removed. Based on this simple fact, extensive litera­ ture on applied mechanics of materials has been developed to enable designers to predict accurately the performance of structures under load. Many engineers depend on such texts as Timoshenko's Strength of Materials as a guide to the performance of structures. Using this as a guide, generations of engineers have designed economical and safe structural parts. Unfortunately, these design principles must be modified when designing with plastics since they do not respond elastically to stress and undergo permanent deformation with sus­ tained loading.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Polymer Structure and Physical Properties2 Stress-Strain Behavior of Plastics Materials -- 3 Effects of Fillers on Properties and Performance -- 4 Stress Analysis for Plastics -- 5 Structural Design of Beams, Plates and Other Structural Members -- 6 Dynamic Load Response of Plastics Members and Effects of Cyclical Loading -- 7 Other Forms of Stress Applied to Plastics Parts -- 8 Design for Stiffness -- 9 Processing Limitations on Plastics Product Design -- 10 CAD/CAM and Plastics Product Design -- 11 Material and Process Interaction and the Effects on the Performance of Plastics Parts and the Resulting Design Limitations -- 12 Performance in Service and Environmental Exposure -- 13 Design Procedure for Plastics Parts: Function, Material, Geometry, Test -- 14 Design of Plastics Structural Parts for Static Loads -- 15 Design of Dynamically Loaded Plastics Parts and Evaluation Procedures -- 16 The Design of Plastics Parts for Electrical Applications -- 17 Design of Plastics Parts for Optical Applications -- 18 Other Design Applications for Plastics -- Index/.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461564508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Psychology. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 -- Cognition: Its Origin and Future in Psychology -- 2 -- Schema and Inference: Models in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Progress and Problems in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Schemata and Inferences across Time and Space: On the Thematic Continuities of Cognitive Psychology -- The Cognitive Movement: A Turn in the Möbius Strip? -- Perspectives on Cognitivism: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories -- Sigmund Freud as a Logical Phenomenologist -- Freud’s Not-So-Secret Theories: A Potential Stimulant to Contemporary Cognitive Theorizing -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior -- Merits and Limits of Dispositional Analysis -- Dispositions Do Explain: Picking up the Pieces after Hurricane Walter -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology -- Problems with Parameters -- The Scientific Status of Individual Differences -- Surface and Deep Structures in Individual Differences -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Some one hundred years ago the founding fathers optimistically launched psychology as a science. The premise was that the new science must break away from its parental ties to philosophy and confine itself to gathering data, preferably in the psychology laboratory. There is little doubt that this early commitment to an "observation and accumulation of data only" policy was helpful in the launching of the new science. Some idea of how critical this move to empiricism was can be gathered from the following quotation taken from Wolman (1973, p. 32): It was not an easy task to transform the old "mental philosophy" into a natural science. Natural science used observation and experimentation; they observed their subject matter, as it were, from without. Wundt's psychology was supposed to study observable stimuli and responses, but there was so much that was unobservable in psychology. Although the launching was eventually a success, there is little doubt that the high hopes of the founding fathers have not materialized.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1Cognition: Its Origin and Future in Psychology -- 2 -- Schema and Inference: Models in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Progress and Problems in Cognitive Social Psychology -- Schemata and Inferences across Time and Space: On the Thematic Continuities of Cognitive Psychology -- The Cognitive Movement: A Turn in the Möbius Strip? -- Perspectives on Cognitivism: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories -- Sigmund Freud as a Logical Phenomenologist -- Freud’s Not-So-Secret Theories: A Potential Stimulant to Contemporary Cognitive Theorizing -- Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior -- Merits and Limits of Dispositional Analysis -- Dispositions Do Explain: Picking up the Pieces after Hurricane Walter -- Limitations of the Dispositional Analysis of Behavior: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology -- Problems with Parameters -- The Scientific Status of Individual Differences -- Surface and Deep Structures in Individual Differences -- The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468485066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 -- 1. Welcoming address -- 2. Integration and implementation of computer-aided engineering (CAE) — the strategy for innovative product design in the 1980s -- 3. Getting the CADCAM tool working -- 4. Encouraging new technology links between industrial and teaching institutions: Aston Science Park -- 2: Ergonomics -- 5. Education for human-centred systems -- 6. CAD and the human operator -- 3: Training — general -- 7. The training needs of CADCAM -- 8. New directions in training -- 9. Skills and knowledge requirements for CADCAM -- 10. The teaching of CAD — a review of the proceedings of a conference held at Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, April 1982 -- 11. The integration of a commercial CAD package in the teaching of CAE on an undergraduate course -- 4: Training — curriculum and training equipment -- 12. The development of micro-based procedure for the teaching of three-dimensional geometric design -- 13. A comprehensive approach for CAD ED curriculum elaboration -- 14. New technology-based training and its role in CADCAM -- 15. A review of computer graphics equipment for engineering applications -- 16. Educational software for CAD teaching -- 17. Implementing graphics in design, process and manufacturing industries -- 18. PELICAM: An interactive educational software for training students to the finite element method -- 19. Computer-aided design for design and craft students -- 5: Training — the introduction of CADCAM into particular disciplines -- 20. Training requirements for architects: a view from an experienced user -- 21. Education and training in computer-aided building design -- 22. Introducing CAD into the design office -- 23. Training and learning during the introduction of an interactive computer-aided building design system into government design offices -- 24. Implications of CADCAM for training in the engineering industry -- 25. A practical approach to the training of engineers -- 26. Educating engineering designers: the introduction of desktop computers and software to the design environment -- 27. Computer-aided design for chemical engineers -- 28. A practical approach to training in the use of an integrated plant modelling system -- 29. Computer-aided design and development planning -- 30. A case history of introducing CAD into a large aerospace company -- 6: Training course experience -- 31. Teaching CAD for electronics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology — present status and future trends -- 32. Post-professional education in computers in architecture at the University of Sydney -- 33. CAD in the Cambridge Engineering Tripos 1977–82 -- 34. CAD in structural engineering at UMIST -- 35. CAD — the first year -- 36. Six years of teaching computer-aided design at the University of Stellenbosch -- 37. CADCAM education at Cranfield Institute of Technology -- 38. Teaching computer graphics to mechanical engineers in Britain and the United States -- 39. The teaching of CAE in a polytechnic engineering department — Huddersfield experience -- 40. Teaching CAD and CAM -- 41. A practical approach to CADCAM training -- 42. Promoting industrial awareness of CADCAM -- 7: International experience -- 43. International implementation of a CAAD project in schools of architecture -- 44. A cost-effective two-way computer-aided tertiary education network for industrially developing countries -- 45. Education and training for CAD — a comparative study of requirements for developing and developed nations -- 46. Chairman’s concluding remarks.
    Description / Table of Contents: 11. Welcoming address -- 2. Integration and implementation of computer-aided engineering (CAE) - the strategy for innovative product design in the 1980s -- 3. Getting the CADCAM tool working -- 4. Encouraging new technology links between industrial and teaching institutions: Aston Science Park -- 2: Ergonomics -- 5. Education for human-centred systems -- 6. CAD and the human operator -- 3: Training - general -- 7. The training needs of CADCAM -- 8. New directions in training -- 9. Skills and knowledge requirements for CADCAM -- 10. The teaching of CAD - a review of the proceedings of a conference held at Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, April 1982 -- 11. The integration of a commercial CAD package in the teaching of CAE on an undergraduate course -- 4: Training - curriculum and training equipment -- 12. The development of micro-based procedure for the teaching of three-dimensional geometric design -- 13. A comprehensive approach for CAD ED curriculum elaboration -- 14. New technology-based training and its role in CADCAM -- 15. A review of computer graphics equipment for engineering applications -- 16. Educational software for CAD teaching -- 17. Implementing graphics in design, process and manufacturing industries -- 18. PELICAM: An interactive educational software for training students to the finite element method -- 19. Computer-aided design for design and craft students -- 5: Training - the introduction of CADCAM into particular disciplines -- 20. Training requirements for architects: a view from an experienced user -- 21. Education and training in computer-aided building design -- 22. Introducing CAD into the design office -- 23. Training and learning during the introduction of an interactive computer-aided building design system into government design offices -- 24. Implications of CADCAM for training in the engineering industry -- 25. A practical approach to the training of engineers -- 26. Educating engineering designers: the introduction of desktop computers and software to the design environment -- 27. Computer-aided design for chemical engineers -- 28. A practical approach to training in the use of an integrated plant modelling system -- 29. Computer-aided design and development planning -- 30. A case history of introducing CAD into a large aerospace company -- 6: Training course experience -- 31. Teaching CAD for electronics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology - present status and future trends -- 32. Post-professional education in computers in architecture at the University of Sydney -- 33. CAD in the Cambridge Engineering Tripos 1977-82 -- 34. CAD in structural engineering at UMIST -- 35. CAD - the first year -- 36. Six years of teaching computer-aided design at the University of Stellenbosch -- 37. CADCAM education at Cranfield Institute of Technology -- 38. Teaching computer graphics to mechanical engineers in Britain and the United States -- 39. The teaching of CAE in a polytechnic engineering department - Huddersfield experience -- 40. Teaching CAD and CAM -- 41. A practical approach to CADCAM training -- 42. Promoting industrial awareness of CADCAM -- 7: International experience -- 43. International implementation of a CAAD project in schools of architecture -- 44. A cost-effective two-way computer-aided tertiary education network for industrially developing countries -- 45. Education and training for CAD - a comparative study of requirements for developing and developed nations -- 46. Chairman’s concluding remarks.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468465990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section One-The Scope of the Foreman / Supervisor’s Job -- 1. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Total Job -- 2. The Foreman/Supervisor as a Leader -- Section Two-The Foreman / Supervisor’s Know-How -- 3. Quality Assurance -- 4. Production Control: Planning and Scheduling -- 5. Time Study and Methods Improvement -- 6. Budgets and Cost Control -- 7. Maintenance and the Foreman -- 8. The Art of Communicating -- Section Three-Direct Personnel Responsibilities -- 9. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Training Responsibilities -- 10. What to Do about Safety -- 11. Industrial Fatigue -- 12. The Emerged Role of Women in Industry -- 13. Anti-Discrimination Legislation -- Section Four-Cooperative Personnel Responsibilities -- 14. Wage Payment Plans and Incentives -- 15. Job Evaluation -- 16. Employee Performance Appraisal -- 17. The Tools of Industrial Psychology -- 18. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Role in Labor Relations -- Section Five-Background Information -- 19. Concepts of Organization -- 20. Scientific Management and the Newer Management Sciences -- 21. Electronic Data Processing -- 22. Automation and Robotics -- 23. What the Foreman/Supervisor Should Know about Economics -- Section Six-Motivation—The “Payoff” of Effective Supervision -- 24. Insights Into Employee Motivation -- 25. Eleven Basic Principles of Work Simplification -- Section Seven-Executive Development for Foremen / Supervisors -- 26. Performance Assessment and Management by Objectives -- 27. Self-Quiz -- 28. Keys to Self-Quiz Questions.
    Abstract: The Foreman/Supervisor's Handbook is offered as a com­ prehensive and authoritative text which presents the kind of prac­ tical information the foreman or supervisor needs in order to be effective on the job. It completely revises and updates The Foreman's Handbook, a work which, through four previous edi­ tions, has become the standard text in its field. The term "foreman/supervisor" in the title of the new edition was decided upon by the editors despite a reluctance to tamper with a well established name, in recognition of a change in usage which has come about over the years. "Supervisor" is now more generally used in industry for the first level of management and is espe­ cially appropriate since the emerging role of women in super­ visory (and higher) positions has rendered the earlier, gender­ specific term less properly descriptive. Moreover, although the orientation of the book is to manufacturing operations, the prin­ ciples and techniques discussed have wide application in office operations, where the term "supervisor" is the designation uni­ versally used. To retain continuity with the previous editions, the compromise term "foreman/supervisor" was adopted. As in previous editions, each chapter is written by an authority in the ~ubject covered. Each, morever, stands on its own feet, i. e. , it can be read as a separate article, independent of preceding or succeeding chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section One-The Scope of the Foreman / Supervisor’s Job1. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Total Job -- 2. The Foreman/Supervisor as a Leader -- Section Two-The Foreman / Supervisor’s Know-How -- 3. Quality Assurance -- 4. Production Control: Planning and Scheduling -- 5. Time Study and Methods Improvement -- 6. Budgets and Cost Control -- 7. Maintenance and the Foreman -- 8. The Art of Communicating -- Section Three-Direct Personnel Responsibilities -- 9. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Training Responsibilities -- 10. What to Do about Safety -- 11. Industrial Fatigue -- 12. The Emerged Role of Women in Industry -- 13. Anti-Discrimination Legislation -- Section Four-Cooperative Personnel Responsibilities -- 14. Wage Payment Plans and Incentives -- 15. Job Evaluation -- 16. Employee Performance Appraisal -- 17. The Tools of Industrial Psychology -- 18. The Foreman/Supervisor’s Role in Labor Relations -- Section Five-Background Information -- 19. Concepts of Organization -- 20. Scientific Management and the Newer Management Sciences -- 21. Electronic Data Processing -- 22. Automation and Robotics -- 23. What the Foreman/Supervisor Should Know about Economics -- Section Six-Motivation-The “Payoff” of Effective Supervision -- 24. Insights Into Employee Motivation -- 25. Eleven Basic Principles of Work Simplification -- Section Seven-Executive Development for Foremen / Supervisors -- 26. Performance Assessment and Management by Objectives -- 27. Self-Quiz -- 28. Keys to Self-Quiz Questions.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468484465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Principal Robot Applications -- 1.1 Industrial Applications Index: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 1.2 Industrial Applications Index: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 1.3 Industrial Applications Index: Vision Systems -- 2: Technical Specifications -- 2.1 Technical Specifications: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 2.2 Technical Specifications: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 2.3 Technical Specifications: Vision Systems -- 3: Directory of Manufacturers and Distributors -- 3.1 Directory of Manufacturers -- 3.2 Directory of Distributors.
    Abstract: The industrial application of robots is growing steadily. This is reflected in the number of manufacturers now in­ volved in the field of robotics. Thanks to pioneers such as Joseph Engelberger of Unimation Inc, industry has seen their rapid deployment in all areas of manufacturing. Manufacturers of robots and robotic equipment have increased their production levels and at the same time have made great efforts to improve and adapt their pro­ ducts to allow them to be used for a wider range of appli­ cations. The demand for ever more sophisticated robotic devices has made the choice of robot for a particular application an extremely hard one. Industrial Robot Specifications has been compiled to enable users to assess robotics in the context of their own needs. The book contains detailed information on over 300 robots manufactured and distributed under licence throughout Europe. More than 90 companies are cov­ ered, and details are given of their distributors and agents, regional addresses and names of key contacts. Information is provided on robots as diverse as simple teaching machines, costing perhaps £1500, to those highly sophisticated computer-controlled robot devices commonly found in flexible manufacturing systems, costing tens of thousands of pounds each. Introduction Industrial Robot Specifications is divided into three sec­ adjustable mechanisms that command manipulation.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Principal Robot Applications1.1 Industrial Applications Index: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 1.2 Industrial Applications Index: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 1.3 Industrial Applications Index: Vision Systems -- 2: Technical Specifications -- 2.1 Technical Specifications: Manufacturing and Assembly Robots -- 2.2 Technical Specifications: Automated Guided Vehicles -- 2.3 Technical Specifications: Vision Systems -- 3: Directory of Manufacturers and Distributors -- 3.1 Directory of Manufacturers -- 3.2 Directory of Distributors.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468482584
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Overall Picture -- 1.1 General papers and books -- 1.2 Conferences, seminars and colloquia -- 1.3 Literature reviews and bibliographies -- 2. National and International Initiatives, Policies and Political Manifestos -- 3. Social Impacts -- 3.1 Education and Training -- 3.2 Employment and Unemployment -- 3.3 Data protection and security -- 3.4 Working environment -- 3.5 Work and leisure -- 4. Economic Structure and Policy -- 4.1 National economy -- 4.2 Regional economy -- 4.3 Urban economy -- 4.4 Rural economy -- 4.5 Science parks -- 5. Impact of New Technology on Business, Industry and Communications -- 5.1 Office automation -- 5.2 Industry and technology -- 5.3 Retailing -- 5.4 Viewdata systems and cable television -- 5.5 Public sector and business -- 6. Administrative Impact and Industrial Relations: Impact of New Technology -- 6.1 Management and new technology -- 6.2 Trade union reactions.
    Abstract: Silicon chip technology; microprocessor technology; information technology; or quite simply new technology. These are some of the names representing the microelectronics revolution depending upon the audience being addressed by speaker or writer. No previous new industrial development has caused such widespread publicity and discussion amongst users and researchers as the new technology. Concern is being expressed about the effects of new technology on employment, job satisfaction, social life, leisure activities and the economics of commerce and industry. The late 70s saw many doom-laden predictions of those effects but by 1983 both management and trade unions were taking a more objective view of the social and economic impacts, and many correspondents now see the new technology as a means of opening up new industries and overcoming the effects of world recessions. The "chip" has involved the factory floor, the office, the supermarket and the home. Electronic funds transfer, electronic shopping, microelectronic domestic appliances, word processors and microprocessor-controlled machinery mean that the new technology has pervaded all aspects of social and economic life, and the developed countries are now coming to accept it as part of society as a whole. Inevitably the flood of literature on the social and economic impacts of new technology has been overwhelming. Unfortunately the quality of information and arguments propagated at conferences, in journal papers and research reports has indicated that there has been little quantifiable evidence available on the effects of these impacts.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Overall Picture1.1 General papers and books -- 1.2 Conferences, seminars and colloquia -- 1.3 Literature reviews and bibliographies -- 2. National and International Initiatives, Policies and Political Manifestos -- 3. Social Impacts -- 3.1 Education and Training -- 3.2 Employment and Unemployment -- 3.3 Data protection and security -- 3.4 Working environment -- 3.5 Work and leisure -- 4. Economic Structure and Policy -- 4.1 National economy -- 4.2 Regional economy -- 4.3 Urban economy -- 4.4 Rural economy -- 4.5 Science parks -- 5. Impact of New Technology on Business, Industry and Communications -- 5.1 Office automation -- 5.2 Industry and technology -- 5.3 Retailing -- 5.4 Viewdata systems and cable television -- 5.5 Public sector and business -- 6. Administrative Impact and Industrial Relations: Impact of New Technology -- 6.1 Management and new technology -- 6.2 Trade union reactions.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461574316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Laboratory instrumentation and microcomputers -- 1.2 Measurement systems -- 1.3 Electronic black boxes -- 1.4 A practical footnote -- 2 The Basics of Laboratory Signals -- 2.1 Transducers -- 2.2 Measurement signals -- 2.3 The transducer connection -- 2.4 Noise and interference -- 2.5 Minimising interference -- 2.6 Signal-to-noise ratio -- 2.7 Control signals -- 3 The Elements of Analog Signal Handling -- 3.1 Op-amps -- 3.2 Feedback systems -- 3.3 Basic amplifier configurations -- 3.4 Bandwidth and slew rate -- 3.5 Practical dc signal circuits -- 3.6 Ac signal circuits -- 3.7 Integrators -- 3.8 Differentiators -- 3.9 Pulse amplifiers -- 3.10 Filters -- 4 The Elements of Digital Signal Handling -- 4.1 Logic gates -- 4.2 TTL families -- 4.3 CMOS families -- 4.4 CMOS and TTL together -- 4.5 MSI circuits -- 4.6 Generating logic levels -- 4.7 Analog/digital interconversion -- 4.8 Serial digital signals -- 5 The Modern Microcomputer -- 5.1 The eight bit micro -- 5.2 The programming language -- 5.3 The operating system -- 5.4 Peripherals -- 5.5 Byte handling busses -- 5.6 The video display -- 5.7 Bit manipulation -- 5.8 Timing and addressing -- 5.9 Interrupts and interrupt flags -- 5.10 The 16 bit micro -- 6 Interfacing Microcomputers with Laboratory Instrumentation -- 6.1 Basic instrumental interface types -- 6.2 Multiplexing -- 6.3 Multiple byte interfaces -- 6.4 Interface control -- 6.5 Handshaking -- 6.6 Synchronous byte transfers -- 6.7 Dynamic interfaces -- 7 Standard Interface Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The IEEE 488 standard -- 7.3 The RS232C link -- 8 System Design -- 8.1 An approach to system design / Case study -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Decimal-hexadecimal conversion tables -- Appendix 2 The ASCII code -- Appendix 3 Sample assembler routine for GPIB adaptor -- Device index.
    Abstract: The invention of the microcomputer in the mid-1970s and its subsequent low-cost proliferation has opened up a new world for the laboratory scientist. Tedious data collection can now be automated relatively cheaply and with an enormous increase in reliability. New techniques of measurement are accessible with the "intelligent" instrumentation made possible by these programmable devices, and the ease of use of even standard measurement techniques may be improved by the data processing capabilities of the humblest micro. The latest items of commercial laboratory instrumentation are invariably "computer controlled", although this is more likely to mean that a microprocessor is involved than that a versatile microcomputer is provided along with the instrument. It is clear that all scientists of the future will need some knowledge of computers, if only to aid them in mastering the button pushing associated with gleaming new instruments. However, to be able to exploit this newly accessible computing power to the full the practising laboratory scientist must gain sufficient understanding to utilise the communication channels between apparatus on the laboratory bench and program within the computer. This book attempts to provide an introduction to those communication channels in a manner which is understandable for scientists who do not specialise in electronics or computers.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 Laboratory instrumentation and microcomputers -- 1.2 Measurement systems -- 1.3 Electronic black boxes -- 1.4 A practical footnote -- 2 The Basics of Laboratory Signals -- 2.1 Transducers -- 2.2 Measurement signals -- 2.3 The transducer connection -- 2.4 Noise and interference -- 2.5 Minimising interference -- 2.6 Signal-to-noise ratio -- 2.7 Control signals -- 3 The Elements of Analog Signal Handling -- 3.1 Op-amps -- 3.2 Feedback systems -- 3.3 Basic amplifier configurations -- 3.4 Bandwidth and slew rate -- 3.5 Practical dc signal circuits -- 3.6 Ac signal circuits -- 3.7 Integrators -- 3.8 Differentiators -- 3.9 Pulse amplifiers -- 3.10 Filters -- 4 The Elements of Digital Signal Handling -- 4.1 Logic gates -- 4.2 TTL families -- 4.3 CMOS families -- 4.4 CMOS and TTL together -- 4.5 MSI circuits -- 4.6 Generating logic levels -- 4.7 Analog/digital interconversion -- 4.8 Serial digital signals -- 5 The Modern Microcomputer -- 5.1 The eight bit micro -- 5.2 The programming language -- 5.3 The operating system -- 5.4 Peripherals -- 5.5 Byte handling busses -- 5.6 The video display -- 5.7 Bit manipulation -- 5.8 Timing and addressing -- 5.9 Interrupts and interrupt flags -- 5.10 The 16 bit micro -- 6 Interfacing Microcomputers with Laboratory Instrumentation -- 6.1 Basic instrumental interface types -- 6.2 Multiplexing -- 6.3 Multiple byte interfaces -- 6.4 Interface control -- 6.5 Handshaking -- 6.6 Synchronous byte transfers -- 6.7 Dynamic interfaces -- 7 Standard Interface Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The IEEE 488 standard -- 7.3 The RS232C link -- 8 System Design -- 8.1 An approach to system design / Case study -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Decimal-hexadecimal conversion tables -- Appendix 2 The ASCII code -- Appendix 3 Sample assembler routine for GPIB adaptor -- Device index.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781468446166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Basics Of Brain Edema -- Brain Edema Mediator Compounds and Biochemistry -- Diagnosis and Assessment of Brain Edema -- Brain Edema, Blood Flow and Metabolism -- Ischemic Brain Edema -- Pharmacology and Therapy of Brain Edema -- Contributors.
    Abstract: This issue contains the proceedings of the most recent Inter­ national Symposium on Brain Edema, the 5th in a series of confer­ ences starting 1965 in Vienna. The ever since increasing interest in this field may not only result from the fact that - in clinical terms - the problem is not solved yet, but also from the many fascinating physiological and biochemical questions remaining. Moreover, the rapid progress of technical, physiological and bio­ chemical developments provides a permanent challenge to probe the subject with better and better resolution. The current proceedings provide many examples. It is safe to assume, that the history of brain edema research is familiar to most of its participants. Therefore, suffice it to remark that since the first histopathological recognition of brain edema as a separate entity among the multitude of intracranial space occupying lesions, progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis has not been straightforward. On the contrary, it has been complicated by confusing notions and concepts, some of which may have resulted from the elusiveness of the edematous changes in early histological studies, due to the inadequacy of the light microscope. Although brain edema occurs concomitantly in many pgtho10gica1 conditions of the brain, it has been suggested that its role is collateral only. Nevertheless, the potential of brain edema as a space occupying lesion is not trivial, since it raises intracranial pressure and eventually may result in lethal cerebral herniation.
    Description / Table of Contents: Basics Of Brain EdemaBrain Edema Mediator Compounds and Biochemistry -- Diagnosis and Assessment of Brain Edema -- Brain Edema, Blood Flow and Metabolism -- Ischemic Brain Edema -- Pharmacology and Therapy of Brain Edema -- Contributors.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9781468449198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering None -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science None -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con­ cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna­ tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor­ poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 28 (thesis year 1 983) a total of 10,661 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 197 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 28 reports theses submitted in-1983, on occasion, certain univer­ sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Aerospace Engineering2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering None -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science None -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468447217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Chemistry of Porphyrins and Related Compounds -- Excited State Properties of Haematoporphyrin -- Fluorescence Properties of HpD and its Components -- The Structure of the Active Component of Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Photofrin II -- On the Purification of Hematoporphyrin IX and its Acetylated Derivatives -- Photosensitizing Properties of Porphyrin in Model Cell Systems -- Photosensitizing Properties of Free and Bound Uroporphyrin I -- Chemical and Biological Studies on Haematoporphyrin Derivative: An Unexpected Photosensitization in Brain -- A Chromatographic Study of Hematoporphyrin Derivatives -- Protection by Carotenoids from Singlet Oxygen Photoproduced by Porphyrins -- Effect of He-Ne Laser on Human Erythrocytes Incubated with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and Bonellin: Comparative Study -- Survey of Potential PRT Dyes and their Spectroscopic Properties -- II: Interactions of Porphyrins with Model Systems and Cells -- Fluorescence of Porphyrins in Cells -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative: Fluorometric Studies in Solution and Cells -- Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence and Photobleaching of Single Cells after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD) -- Effects of Hpd and Laser on Transformed and Corresponding Normal Cultured Cells: Differential Cytotoxicity as an in Vitro Model for Tumor Photochemotherapy -- Interaction of Free and Liposome-Bound Porphyrins with Normal and Malignant Cells: Biochemical and Photosensitization Studies in Vitro and in Vivo -- Photodynamic Inactivation of L929 Cells after Treatment with Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Bacterial and Yeast Cells as Models for Studying Hematoporphyrin Photosensitization -- Cholesterol Impregnation into Erythroleukemia Cell Membrane Induces Resistance to Hematoporphyrin Photodynamic Effect -- Photodynamic Effect of the He-Ne Laser with HpD on the Ultrastructure of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell -- III: Studies on Experimental and Spontaneous Animal Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototherapy in Experimental Oncology -- Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in B6D2 Mice, Dosimetry Considerations -- Study of Irradiation Parameters in HpD Phototherapy of MS-2 Tumor Model -- Experimental ENU Induced Brain Tumors with HpD and Dye Laser Light -- Studies with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Transplantable Urothelial Tumors -- Time Dependence of 3 H Hematoporphyrin Derivative Distribution in the Digestive Tract of the Rat -- Nd YAG Destruction of Tumor Sensitized or Non Sensitized by HpD -- HpD Phototherapy on Spontaneous Tumors in Dog and Cat -- IV: Light Dosimetry and Instrumentation for Tumor Diagnosis and Phototherapy -- Thermal and Optical Dosimetry for Photoradiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors -- Photophysics and Dosimetry of Photoradiation Therapy -- An Optimised Laser System for the Evaluation of HpD Therapy -- A Multi-Led Source for Photoradiation Therapy -- Side Radiation Optical Fibers for Medical Applications -- Fluorescence of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative for Detection and Characterization of Tumors -- In Vivo Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative (HpD) -- In Vivo Observation of Porphyrin and of the Light Action -- Monitoring of Hematoporphyrin Injected in Humans and Clinical Prospects of its Use in Gynecologic Oncology -- V: Clinical Applications of HpD Phototherapy -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy, in Theory and in Practice -- Evaluation of Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) in 20 Cases of Cancers -- Hematoporphyrin Phototherapy of Malignant Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin-Derivative and Phototherapy in Extensive Basal-Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Skin -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy of Endobronchial Lung Cancer -- Photoradiation Therapy in Early Stage Cancer Cases of the Lung, Esophagus and Stomach -- Experimental and Clinical Studies on HpD-Photoradiation Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer -- Endoscopic HpD-Laser Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Cancer -- Dye-Laser Photoradiation-Therapy of Bladder Cancer after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD)-Basis for an Integral Irradiation -- Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and an Argon Dye Laser of Bladder Carcinoma -- Preclinical Examination of Ocular Photoradiation Therapy -- Photoradiation for Choroidal Malignant Melanoma.
    Abstract: This book contains the contributions of the participants to the International Symposium on Porphyrins in Tumor Phototherapy held in Bruzzano (Milano), Italy on May 26-28, 1983. The contributions are written as extended papers to provide a broad and representative coverage of the use of porphyrins in tumor phototherapy and diagnosis. In the last few years, this technique has received increasing interest for its potential applications in clinical oncology. In fact, 1,500 patients have been already treated by this therapy which has been tested in more than 100 clinical centres. Among the reported cases, a significant therapeutic effectiveness was found in some early stage cancers of lung, esophagus and stomach. The development of ·this therapy requires interdisciplinary studies from such diverse fields as physics, chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and experimental and clinical oncology. The contents of the book reflect the character of this research and deal with all the problems, from fundamental to clinical, that still require to be analysed and understood for a better evaluation 'of the potential of this therapy. The first chapter of the book deals with photophysics ?;nd.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and Chemistry of Porphyrins and Related CompoundsExcited State Properties of Haematoporphyrin -- Fluorescence Properties of HpD and its Components -- The Structure of the Active Component of Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Photofrin II -- On the Purification of Hematoporphyrin IX and its Acetylated Derivatives -- Photosensitizing Properties of Porphyrin in Model Cell Systems -- Photosensitizing Properties of Free and Bound Uroporphyrin I -- Chemical and Biological Studies on Haematoporphyrin Derivative: An Unexpected Photosensitization in Brain -- A Chromatographic Study of Hematoporphyrin Derivatives -- Protection by Carotenoids from Singlet Oxygen Photoproduced by Porphyrins -- Effect of He-Ne Laser on Human Erythrocytes Incubated with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and Bonellin: Comparative Study -- Survey of Potential PRT Dyes and their Spectroscopic Properties -- II: Interactions of Porphyrins with Model Systems and Cells -- Fluorescence of Porphyrins in Cells -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative: Fluorometric Studies in Solution and Cells -- Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence and Photobleaching of Single Cells after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD) -- Effects of Hpd and Laser on Transformed and Corresponding Normal Cultured Cells: Differential Cytotoxicity as an in Vitro Model for Tumor Photochemotherapy -- Interaction of Free and Liposome-Bound Porphyrins with Normal and Malignant Cells: Biochemical and Photosensitization Studies in Vitro and in Vivo -- Photodynamic Inactivation of L929 Cells after Treatment with Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Bacterial and Yeast Cells as Models for Studying Hematoporphyrin Photosensitization -- Cholesterol Impregnation into Erythroleukemia Cell Membrane Induces Resistance to Hematoporphyrin Photodynamic Effect -- Photodynamic Effect of the He-Ne Laser with HpD on the Ultrastructure of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell -- III: Studies on Experimental and Spontaneous Animal Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototherapy in Experimental Oncology -- Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in B6D2 Mice, Dosimetry Considerations -- Study of Irradiation Parameters in HpD Phototherapy of MS-2 Tumor Model -- Experimental ENU Induced Brain Tumors with HpD and Dye Laser Light -- Studies with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Transplantable Urothelial Tumors -- Time Dependence of 3 H Hematoporphyrin Derivative Distribution in the Digestive Tract of the Rat -- Nd YAG Destruction of Tumor Sensitized or Non Sensitized by HpD -- HpD Phototherapy on Spontaneous Tumors in Dog and Cat -- IV: Light Dosimetry and Instrumentation for Tumor Diagnosis and Phototherapy -- Thermal and Optical Dosimetry for Photoradiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors -- Photophysics and Dosimetry of Photoradiation Therapy -- An Optimised Laser System for the Evaluation of HpD Therapy -- A Multi-Led Source for Photoradiation Therapy -- Side Radiation Optical Fibers for Medical Applications -- Fluorescence of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative for Detection and Characterization of Tumors -- In Vivo Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative (HpD) -- In Vivo Observation of Porphyrin and of the Light Action -- Monitoring of Hematoporphyrin Injected in Humans and Clinical Prospects of its Use in Gynecologic Oncology -- V: Clinical Applications of HpD Phototherapy -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy, in Theory and in Practice -- Evaluation of Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) in 20 Cases of Cancers -- Hematoporphyrin Phototherapy of Malignant Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin-Derivative and Phototherapy in Extensive Basal-Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Skin -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy of Endobronchial Lung Cancer -- Photoradiation Therapy in Early Stage Cancer Cases of the Lung, Esophagus and Stomach -- Experimental and Clinical Studies on HpD-Photoradiation Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer -- Endoscopic HpD-Laser Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Cancer -- Dye-Laser Photoradiation-Therapy of Bladder Cancer after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD)-Basis for an Integral Irradiation -- Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and an Argon Dye Laser of Bladder Carcinoma -- Preclinical Examination of Ocular Photoradiation Therapy -- Photoradiation for Choroidal Malignant Melanoma.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 262 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: ONE Components of Robotic Systems -- General -- Mechanical Arm -- End Effector -- Robot Motors -- Computer (Controller) -- Sensors -- Two The Mechanical Arm -- Mechanical Arm Structure -- Classifying Robots -- Structural Characteristics of Robots -- Three Fundamental Concepts of Control -- Control Systems -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Negative and Positive Feedback -- Control System Errors and Stability -- Controller Types -- Four Electrical Drive Components -- DC Servo Motors -- Stepping Motors -- Considerations in the Use of Stepping Versus DC Servo Motors -- Five Hydraulic Drive Systems -- Properties of Hydraulic Fluids -- Cylinders -- Power Sources -- Valves -- Electrohydraulic Servo Valves -- Six Feedback Devices -- Potentiometers -- Optical Encoders -- DC Tachometers (Tachogenerators) -- Seven Drive and Control Systems: An Appraisal -- Automatic Drilling Process: Computerized Control System for One Axis -- Automatic Command for Filling Containers with a Constant Powder Volume -- Computer-Controlled System for Hydraulic Cylinder Position and Velocity Control -- Hydraulic Cartesian Robot with Three Degrees of Freedom -- Eight Robot Path Control -- What is Path Control? -- Point-to-Point Control -- Continuous Path Control -- Nine A Case Study -- Defining the Task -- Can this Robot Perform this Task? -- Operation of the Robot Components during Execution of the Assigned Task.
    Description / Table of Contents: ONE Components of Robotic SystemsGeneral -- Mechanical Arm -- End Effector -- Robot Motors -- Computer (Controller) -- Sensors -- Two The Mechanical Arm -- Mechanical Arm Structure -- Classifying Robots -- Structural Characteristics of Robots -- Three Fundamental Concepts of Control -- Control Systems -- Open-Loop Control -- Closed-Loop Control -- Negative and Positive Feedback -- Control System Errors and Stability -- Controller Types -- Four Electrical Drive Components -- DC Servo Motors -- Stepping Motors -- Considerations in the Use of Stepping Versus DC Servo Motors -- Five Hydraulic Drive Systems -- Properties of Hydraulic Fluids -- Cylinders -- Power Sources -- Valves -- Electrohydraulic Servo Valves -- Six Feedback Devices -- Potentiometers -- Optical Encoders -- DC Tachometers (Tachogenerators) -- Seven Drive and Control Systems: An Appraisal -- Automatic Drilling Process: Computerized Control System for One Axis -- Automatic Command for Filling Containers with a Constant Powder Volume -- Computer-Controlled System for Hydraulic Cylinder Position and Velocity Control -- Hydraulic Cartesian Robot with Three Degrees of Freedom -- Eight Robot Path Control -- What is Path Control? -- Point-to-Point Control -- Continuous Path Control -- Nine A Case Study -- Defining the Task -- Can this Robot Perform this Task? -- Operation of the Robot Components during Execution of the Assigned Task.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461598855
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction to Robotics -- Two What is a Robot? -- Background -- Definitions -- Types of Automation -- Classification of Robots -- Cost Limitations -- Social Implications -- Three The Mechanical Arm -- Overview -- Types of Joints -- Classification of Robots by Type of Joint -- Comparison of Robot Work Envelopes -- Suitability for Particular Tasks -- Link Construction -- Robot Arm Drive Units -- Four The Robot Controller -- Robot Control Levels -- Off-Line Programming Control and Real-Time Control -- Controller Programming -- Five Robot Teaching Methods -- Preview -- Teaching Methods -- Programming Methods -- Comparison of Teaching and Programming Methods -- Six The End Effector -- Two-Finger Grippers -- Three-Finger Grippers -- Cylindrical Object Grippers -- Fragile Object Grippers -- Jointed Grippers -- Vacuum and Electromagnetic Grippers -- Automatic Gripper Changers -- Seven Integration and Operation of Robot Subsystems -- A Robot Task -- Eight Industrial Applications of Robots -- Industrial Applications -- Adapting Robots to Work Stations -- Stages in Selecting Robots for Industrial Application -- Nine Sensors and Sensing -- Artificial Intelligence -- Human Versus Artificial Senses -- Sensor Types -- Ten Future Developments -- Preview -- Unmanned Factories -- Personal Robots -- Man-Machine Communications -- Artificial Bodies -- Conclusion.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction to RoboticsTwo What is a Robot? -- Background -- Definitions -- Types of Automation -- Classification of Robots -- Cost Limitations -- Social Implications -- Three The Mechanical Arm -- Overview -- Types of Joints -- Classification of Robots by Type of Joint -- Comparison of Robot Work Envelopes -- Suitability for Particular Tasks -- Link Construction -- Robot Arm Drive Units -- Four The Robot Controller -- Robot Control Levels -- Off-Line Programming Control and Real-Time Control -- Controller Programming -- Five Robot Teaching Methods -- Preview -- Teaching Methods -- Programming Methods -- Comparison of Teaching and Programming Methods -- Six The End Effector -- Two-Finger Grippers -- Three-Finger Grippers -- Cylindrical Object Grippers -- Fragile Object Grippers -- Jointed Grippers -- Vacuum and Electromagnetic Grippers -- Automatic Gripper Changers -- Seven Integration and Operation of Robot Subsystems -- A Robot Task -- Eight Industrial Applications of Robots -- Industrial Applications -- Adapting Robots to Work Stations -- Stages in Selecting Robots for Industrial Application -- Nine Sensors and Sensing -- Artificial Intelligence -- Human Versus Artificial Senses -- Sensor Types -- Ten Future Developments -- Preview -- Unmanned Factories -- Personal Robots -- Man-Machine Communications -- Artificial Bodies -- Conclusion.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468447309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Cryptography. ; Data encryption (Computer science). ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Session I: Algorithms and Theory -- Knapsack Public Key Cryptosystems and Diophantine Approximation (Extended Abstract) -- Solving Low Density Knapsacks -- Evaluation of the Adleman Attack on Multiply Iterated Knapsack Cryptosystems (Abstract) -- On the Power of Cascade Ciphers (Extended Abstract) -- The Prisoners’ Problem and the Subliminal Channel -- Session II: Modes of Operation -- An Overview of Factoring -- New Ideas for Factoring Large Integers -- Factoring Numbers on the Massively Parallel Computer -- Factorization Using the Quadratic Sieve Algorithm -- Session III: Protocols and Transaction Security -- Signatures through Approximate Representations by Quadratic Forms (Extended Abstract) -- A Simple Protocol for Signing Contracts -- Reducibility among Protocols (Extended Abstract) -- How to Exchange Half a Bit -- Blind Signature System (Abstract) -- Session IV: Applications -- A Layered Broadcast Cryptographic System -- Analytical Characteristics of the DES -- Producing a One-Way Hash Function from DES -- On the Security of Compressed Encodings -- Field Encryption and Authentication -- Shift-Register Synthesis (Modulo m) (Abstract) -- Session V: Special Session on Cryptanalysis -- Probabilistic Analysis and Performance Modelling of the ‘Swedish’ Algorithm and Modifications -- A Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Computing Discrete Logarithms over GF(p2) -- Permutation Polynomials in RSA-Cryptosystems -- Some Results on the Information Theoretic Analysis of Cryptosystems -- Rump Session: Impromptu Talks -- Improving the Security of Exponential Key Exchange -- RSA Bits Are 732+? Secure (Preliminary Abstract) -- Use of the ‘Signature Token’ to Create a Negotiable Document -- Electronic Wallet -- Design Concepts for Tamper Responding Systems -- Author Index.
    Abstract: An international community of researchers is now flourishing in the area of cryptology-there was none half-a-dozen years ago. The intrinsic fascination of the field certainly is part of the explanation. Another factor may be that many sense the importance and potential consequences of this work, as we move into the information age. I believe that the various meetings devoted to cryptology over the past few years have contributed quite significantly to the formation of this community, by allowing those in the field to get to know each other and by providing for rapid exchange of ideas. CRYPTO 83 was once again truly the cryptologic event of the year. Many of the most active participants continue to attend each year, and attendance continues to grow at a healthy rate. The informal and collegial atmosphere and the beach side setting which contribute to the popularity of the event were again supported by flawless weather. The absence of parallel sessions seemed to provide a welcome opportunity to keep abreast of developments in the various areas of activity. Each session of the meeting organized by the program committee is repre­ sented by a section in the present volume. The papers were accepted by the program committee based on abstracts, and appear here without having been otherwise refereed. The last section contains papers presented at the informal rump session. A keyword index and an author index to the papers is provided at the end of the volume.
    Description / Table of Contents: Session I: Algorithms and TheoryKnapsack Public Key Cryptosystems and Diophantine Approximation (Extended Abstract) -- Solving Low Density Knapsacks -- Evaluation of the Adleman Attack on Multiply Iterated Knapsack Cryptosystems (Abstract) -- On the Power of Cascade Ciphers (Extended Abstract) -- The Prisoners’ Problem and the Subliminal Channel -- Session II: Modes of Operation -- An Overview of Factoring -- New Ideas for Factoring Large Integers -- Factoring Numbers on the Massively Parallel Computer -- Factorization Using the Quadratic Sieve Algorithm -- Session III: Protocols and Transaction Security -- Signatures through Approximate Representations by Quadratic Forms (Extended Abstract) -- A Simple Protocol for Signing Contracts -- Reducibility among Protocols (Extended Abstract) -- How to Exchange Half a Bit -- Blind Signature System (Abstract) -- Session IV: Applications -- A Layered Broadcast Cryptographic System -- Analytical Characteristics of the DES -- Producing a One-Way Hash Function from DES -- On the Security of Compressed Encodings -- Field Encryption and Authentication -- Shift-Register Synthesis (Modulo m) (Abstract) -- Session V: Special Session on Cryptanalysis -- Probabilistic Analysis and Performance Modelling of the ‘Swedish’ Algorithm and Modifications -- A Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Computing Discrete Logarithms over GF(p2) -- Permutation Polynomials in RSA-Cryptosystems -- Some Results on the Information Theoretic Analysis of Cryptosystems -- Rump Session: Impromptu Talks -- Improving the Security of Exponential Key Exchange -- RSA Bits Are 732+? Secure (Preliminary Abstract) -- Use of the ‘Signature Token’ to Create a Negotiable Document -- Electronic Wallet -- Design Concepts for Tamper Responding Systems -- Author Index.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Tissue Culture of Coniferous Trees -- 3. Tissue Culture of Hardwoods -- 4. Tissue Culture Propagation of Coconut, Date and Oil Palm -- 5. Culture of Ornamental Trees -- 6. Tissue Culture Propagation of Temperate Fruit Trees -- 7. Tissue Culture of Citrus -- 8. The Influence of Physical Factors on Xylem Differentiation In Vitro -- 9. The Use of Protoplast Technology in Tissue Culture of Trees -- 10. Tissue Culture Conservation of Woody Species -- 11. Conclusions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 1 John H. Dodds The culture offragmen ts of plant tissue is not a particularly new science, in fact as long ago as 1893 Rechinger (1893) described the formation of callus on isolated fragments of stems and roots. The culture of plant tissues in vitro on a nutrient medium was performed by Haberlandt (1902), however, his attempts were unsuccessful because he chose too simple a medium that lacked critical growth factors. Over the last fifty years there has been a surge of development in plant tissue culture techniques and a host of techniques are now avail­ able (Dodds and Roberts, 1982). The major areas are as follows. Callus Culture Callus is a rather ill-dermed material. but is usually described as an un­ organised proliferating mass of tissue. Although callus cultures have a great deal of potential in the biotechnological aspects of tissue culture, i.e. secondary product formation, they are not very suitable for plant propagation. The key reason for their unsuitability is that genetic aber­ rations occur during mitotic divisions in callus growth (D'amato.l965). The aberrations can be of a major type, such as aneuploidy or endo­ reduplication. It follows therefore that the genetic status of the re­ generated plants is different from that of the parent type. In general terms this genetic instability is undesirable, but there are occasions when a callus stage can be purposely included to diversify the genetic base of the crop.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Tissue Culture of Coniferous Trees -- 3. Tissue Culture of Hardwoods -- 4. Tissue Culture Propagation of Coconut, Date and Oil Palm -- 5. Culture of Ornamental Trees -- 6. Tissue Culture Propagation of Temperate Fruit Trees -- 7. Tissue Culture of Citrus -- 8. The Influence of Physical Factors on Xylem Differentiation In Vitro -- 9. The Use of Protoplast Technology in Tissue Culture of Trees -- 10. Tissue Culture Conservation of Woody Species -- 11. Conclusions -- Author Index.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9781468484656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I: $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ Collisions -- Hard Scattering at ISR Energies -- Comparison of $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ Interactions at the ISR -- First Results of the UA1 Experiment -- Status and First Results from the UA2 Experiment -- Proton-Antiproton Elastic Scattering and Total Cross Section at the CERN Collider -- Results from the UA5 Experiment -- Section II: e+e? Collisions -- A Review of Two-Photon Physics -- Gluonium and QCD Effects in the J/? Region -- The Upsilon Resonances--Recent Results -- Electroweak Effects in e+e? Annihilations -- Section III: Jets -- Jets at PETRA -- Recent Results from the MAC and MARK II Detectors at PEP -- The Dynamics of a Fragmentation Model or a Possible Life after the Parton Stage -- Section IV: Structures in Hadronic Interaction and Heavy Flavors -- Event Structure in Collider and Cosmic Ray Experiments -- QCD and theSpace-Time Evolution of High-Energy e+e?, $$p\bar p$$, and Heavy Ion Collisions -- Hadronic Production of Heavy Flavours -- The Decay of Heavy Flavor States in e+e? Annihilations -- Section V: Overview -- Is There a Desert Beyond the Mountains? -- Participants.
    Abstract: The field of particle physics is developing very rapidly. During this past year, physicists added a new instrument to their arsenal for the study of quark-quark, quark-lepton, and lepton­ lepton interactions. This machine, the PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDER, achieved the highest energy in the world. With its five detectors, it is beginning to explore hitherto inaccessible regions for new physics (Section I). Lepton-Iepto~ machines with detectors at full efficiency are producing copious data of the very highest precision. The possibility of glueballs and the detailing of the properties of the upsilon family have been of major importance this year (Section II). The particle jets which are believed to be direct manifesta­ tions of the quark structure of matter continue to provide valuable data against which we can test the ideas of QCD (Section III). With the advent of more and better data it is now possible to study in detail the formation evolution of hadronic states. Especially interesting are the properties of heavy quark states (Section IV). A far-seeing look into the future development of any fecund scienti­ fic field is rarely accurate, but is always stimulating (Section V). It is against this background of participating in the clarifi­ cation of the Physics in Collision that we continue this series.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I: $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ CollisionsHard Scattering at ISR Energies -- Comparison of $$p\bar p/pp\;$$ Interactions at the ISR -- First Results of the UA1 Experiment -- Status and First Results from the UA2 Experiment -- Proton-Antiproton Elastic Scattering and Total Cross Section at the CERN Collider -- Results from the UA5 Experiment -- Section II: e+e? Collisions -- A Review of Two-Photon Physics -- Gluonium and QCD Effects in the J/? Region -- The Upsilon Resonances--Recent Results -- Electroweak Effects in e+e? Annihilations -- Section III: Jets -- Jets at PETRA -- Recent Results from the MAC and MARK II Detectors at PEP -- The Dynamics of a Fragmentation Model or a Possible Life after the Parton Stage -- Section IV: Structures in Hadronic Interaction and Heavy Flavors -- Event Structure in Collider and Cosmic Ray Experiments -- QCD and theSpace-Time Evolution of High-Energy e+e?, $$p\bar p$$, and Heavy Ion Collisions -- Hadronic Production of Heavy Flavours -- The Decay of Heavy Flavor States in e+e? Annihilations -- Section V: Overview -- Is There a Desert Beyond the Mountains? -- Participants.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468473193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. An Outline of the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Vascular Responses to Injury -- Platelet Responses to Vessel Wall Injury -- The Coagulation System -- Morphology of the Hemostatic Plug -- The Fibrinolytic System -- References -- 2. Platelet Structure and Function -- Platelet Morphology and Structure -- Megakaryocytes -- The Regulation of Thrombopoiesis -- Platelet Heterogeneity -- Platelet Plasma Membrane -- Platelet Intracellular Membrane -- Platelet Prostaglandins -- Platelet Granules -- Platelet Calcium -- Platelet Cytoskeleton -- Contractile Apparatus of Platelets -- Platelet Activation -- References -- 3. The Coagulation System -- Contact Activation System -- Vitamin K -- Factor IX -- Factor VIII -- Factor X -- Interaction between Factors IXa, Villa and X -- Tissue Factor -- Factor VII -- Factor V -- Prothrombin -- Interaction between Factors Xa, Va and Prothrombin -- Thrombin -- Fibrinogen -- Factor XIII -- Coagulation Inhibitors -- Antithrombin III -- Alpha2-Macroglobulin -- Alphaj-Antitrypsin -- CI Inactivator -- Protein C -- Protein S -- Protein Z -- Lipoprotein Factor Xa Inhibitor -- Inhibition of Thrombin -- Inhibition of Factor Xa -- Inhibition of the Contact Activation System -- Anticoagulant Effect of Fibrinogen Degradation Products -- References -- 4. The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasminogen -- Plasmin -- Plasminogen Activators -- Inhibitors of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasma Antiplasmins -- Platelet Antiplasmins -- Plasma Antiactivators -- Platelet Antiactivators -- Tissue Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis -- Plasminogen-independent Fibrinolysis -- Mechanism of Physiological Thrombolysis -- References -- 5. Interactions Between the Hemostatic and Complement Systems -- Outline of the Complement System -- Complement and Platelets -- Complement and the Coagulation System -- Complement and the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- References -- 6. Hormonal Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Catecholamines -- Corticosteroids -- Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine -- Estrogens and Progestogens -- Androgens -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones -- References -- 7. Age, Sex, Circadian and Seasonal Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Age on Hemostatic Components -- Fetal Life -- Infancy -- Adult Life -- Influence of Sex on Hemostatic Components -- Circadian Variations in Hemostatic Components -- Seasonal Variations in Hemostatic Components -- References -- 8. Ethnic and Blood Group Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Ethnic Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Blood Group on Hemostatic Components -- References -- 9. Environmental Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Environmental Cold on Hemostasis -- Effect of Environmental Heat on Hemostasis -- Effect of Altitude on Hemostasis -- Effect of Compression-Decompression on Hemostasis -- References -- 10. Nutritional Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Plasma Lipids -- Effect of Lipids on Platelet Function -- Effect of Lipids on Coagulation -- Effect of Lipids on the Fibrinolytic System -- Effect of Carbohydrates on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Pyridoxal 5?-Phosphate and Hemostasis -- Vitamin B12 and Platelets -- Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Influence of Vitamin E on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Alcoholic Beverages on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Effect of Onion and Garlic on Hemostatic Function -- Miscellaneous Ingestants and Hemostatic Function -- Influence of Obesity on Hemostatic Components -- Effect of Starvation on Hemostasis -- Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Hemostasis -- References -- 11. The Influence of Physical Activity, Mental Stress and Injury on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Physical Activity -- Mental Stress -- Injury -- References -- 12. The Hemostatic Mechanism in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- Platelet Numbers and Function in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- The Coagulation System in Pregnancy -- The Coagulation System in Labor and the Puerperium -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Pregnancy -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Labor, Parturition and the Puerperium -- Physiological Significance of the Hemostatic Changes in Pregnancy and the Puerperium -- References -- 13. Hemostasis and the Menstrual Cycle -- Hemostatic Components in Different Stages of the Menstrual Cycle -- The Fluidity of Menstrual Discharge -- Uterine Hemostasis at Menstruation -- References.
    Abstract: The current widespread interest in the hemostatic mechanism stems largely from the probability that its inappropriate function may lead to thrombosis, but also for its relevance to the causation and manage­ ment of bleeding disorders. Our understanding of the pathological events leading to thrombus formation or abnormal bleeding depends on knowledge of the basic physiology of the hemostatic system. A number of excellent multiauthor texts are available on the general area of hemostasis and thrombosis, and many symposia proceedings on specific topics in hemostasis have been published. The present volume aims to cover the normal function of hemostasis and ex­ plicitly excludes consideration of disease states and therapy. In addition, it is concerned with human hemostasis only although reference is made to studies on other mammalian species when the information supplements that available on man. The book is divided broadly into two sections. The first covers the current knowledge of the principal components contributing to the hemostatic process; the second examines the changes in these com­ ponents induced by physiological events, and details an accumula­ tion of information not previously brought together in a single text. An introductory chapter, intended for the non-specialist, outlines the whole hemostatic process and provides an orientation for the later detailed information on individual components.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. An Outline of the Hemostatic MechanismVascular Responses to Injury -- Platelet Responses to Vessel Wall Injury -- The Coagulation System -- Morphology of the Hemostatic Plug -- The Fibrinolytic System -- References -- 2. Platelet Structure and Function -- Platelet Morphology and Structure -- Megakaryocytes -- The Regulation of Thrombopoiesis -- Platelet Heterogeneity -- Platelet Plasma Membrane -- Platelet Intracellular Membrane -- Platelet Prostaglandins -- Platelet Granules -- Platelet Calcium -- Platelet Cytoskeleton -- Contractile Apparatus of Platelets -- Platelet Activation -- References -- 3. The Coagulation System -- Contact Activation System -- Vitamin K -- Factor IX -- Factor VIII -- Factor X -- Interaction between Factors IXa, Villa and X -- Tissue Factor -- Factor VII -- Factor V -- Prothrombin -- Interaction between Factors Xa, Va and Prothrombin -- Thrombin -- Fibrinogen -- Factor XIII -- Coagulation Inhibitors -- Antithrombin III -- Alpha2-Macroglobulin -- Alphaj-Antitrypsin -- CI Inactivator -- Protein C -- Protein S -- Protein Z -- Lipoprotein Factor Xa Inhibitor -- Inhibition of Thrombin -- Inhibition of Factor Xa -- Inhibition of the Contact Activation System -- Anticoagulant Effect of Fibrinogen Degradation Products -- References -- 4. The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasminogen -- Plasmin -- Plasminogen Activators -- Inhibitors of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- Plasma Antiplasmins -- Platelet Antiplasmins -- Plasma Antiactivators -- Platelet Antiactivators -- Tissue Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis -- Plasminogen-independent Fibrinolysis -- Mechanism of Physiological Thrombolysis -- References -- 5. Interactions Between the Hemostatic and Complement Systems -- Outline of the Complement System -- Complement and Platelets -- Complement and the Coagulation System -- Complement and the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System -- References -- 6. Hormonal Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Catecholamines -- Corticosteroids -- Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine -- Estrogens and Progestogens -- Androgens -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones -- References -- 7. Age, Sex, Circadian and Seasonal Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Age on Hemostatic Components -- Fetal Life -- Infancy -- Adult Life -- Influence of Sex on Hemostatic Components -- Circadian Variations in Hemostatic Components -- Seasonal Variations in Hemostatic Components -- References -- 8. Ethnic and Blood Group Variations in the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Ethnic Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Influence of Blood Group on Hemostatic Components -- References -- 9. Environmental Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Environmental Cold on Hemostasis -- Effect of Environmental Heat on Hemostasis -- Effect of Altitude on Hemostasis -- Effect of Compression-Decompression on Hemostasis -- References -- 10. Nutritional Influences on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Plasma Lipids -- Effect of Lipids on Platelet Function -- Effect of Lipids on Coagulation -- Effect of Lipids on the Fibrinolytic System -- Effect of Carbohydrates on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Pyridoxal 5?-Phosphate and Hemostasis -- Vitamin B12 and Platelets -- Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Influence of Vitamin E on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Effect of Alcoholic Beverages on the Hemostatic -- Mechanism -- Effect of Onion and Garlic on Hemostatic Function -- Miscellaneous Ingestants and Hemostatic Function -- Influence of Obesity on Hemostatic Components -- Effect of Starvation on Hemostasis -- Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Hemostasis -- References -- 11. The Influence of Physical Activity, Mental Stress and Injury on the Hemostatic Mechanism -- Physical Activity -- Mental Stress -- Injury -- References -- 12. The Hemostatic Mechanism in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- Platelet Numbers and Function in Pregnancy, Labor and the Puerperium -- The Coagulation System in Pregnancy -- The Coagulation System in Labor and the Puerperium -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Pregnancy -- The Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Labor, Parturition and the Puerperium -- Physiological Significance of the Hemostatic Changes in Pregnancy and the Puerperium -- References -- 13. Hemostasis and the Menstrual Cycle -- Hemostatic Components in Different Stages of the Menstrual Cycle -- The Fluidity of Menstrual Discharge -- Uterine Hemostasis at Menstruation -- References.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461593348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spontaneous Emission -- 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics -- 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers -- 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light -- 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay -- 7. The Effects of Inhomogeneous Distributions -- 8. Bibliography -- 2 Covalent Fluorescent Probes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Primary Considerations in Fluorescent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 3. Covalent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 4. Selective Modification Reactions -- 5. References -- 3 Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry of Proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumentation and Data Analyses -- 3. Fluorescence Lifetime Studies -- 4. Fluorescence Quenching Studies -- 5. Fluorescence Energy Transfer for Distance Measurements in Proteins -- 5. Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry Studies of Muscle Contractile Proteins -- 7. References -- 4 The Use of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay in the Study of Biological Macromolecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Experimental Procedures: Measurement of Anisotropy Decay -- 4. Applications of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 5. References -- 5 Plasma Lipoproteins: Fluorescence as a Probe of Structure and Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Studies of Native Lipoproteins, Apoproteins, and Reassembled Lipoproteins, Using Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence and Covalently Attached Fluorescence Probes -- 3. Extrinsic Fluorescence Probes of Lipoprotein Structure and Function -- 4. Dynamics of Lipid Transfer -- 5. Summary and Perspectives -- 6. References -- 6 Fluorescent Dye—Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intercalating and Nonintercalating Dyes -- 3. Nucleic Acid—Dye Binding Isotherms -- 4. Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum Yields -- 5. Decay of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 6. Radiationless Energy Transfer -- 7. Cytological Applications -- 8. References.
    Abstract: During the past decade, fluorescence techniques have come to occupy a position of central importance in biochemistry. Such areas as laser techniques, radiation­ less energy transfer, and nanosecond fluorometry have evolved from esoteric research specialties into standard procedures that are applied routinely to bio­ chemical problems. Indeed, discussion of the above three areas occupies the greater part of this book. Its level and approach are appropriate for the bio­ logical or physical scientist who is interested in applying fluorescence techniques, but is not necessarily an expert in this area. The coverage of the literature has, in general, been selective rather than exhaustive. It is likely that what is summarized here will prove resistant to the erosion of time and provide a basis for the future evolution of this rapidly developing area of science. Robert F. Steiner Catonsville, Maryland vii Contents Chapter 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules R. M Hochstrasser 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Spontaneous Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. 1. General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. 2. Luminescence from Nearby States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 3. Multiple State Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 1. The Transition Dipole Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. 2. Determination of Transition-Moment Directions from Fluorescence . . . 8 3. 3. Polarization of Fluorescence from Crystals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers. . . . . . . 12 4. 1. Nonlinear Processes and Optical Pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5. 1. The Distinctions between Fluorescence and Resonance Raman Effects 17 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules1. Introduction -- 2. Spontaneous Emission -- 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics -- 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers -- 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light -- 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay -- 7. The Effects of Inhomogeneous Distributions -- 8. Bibliography -- 2 Covalent Fluorescent Probes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Primary Considerations in Fluorescent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 3. Covalent Labeling of Biomolecules -- 4. Selective Modification Reactions -- 5. References -- 3 Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry of Proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumentation and Data Analyses -- 3. Fluorescence Lifetime Studies -- 4. Fluorescence Quenching Studies -- 5. Fluorescence Energy Transfer for Distance Measurements in Proteins -- 5. Nanosecond Pulse Fluorimetry Studies of Muscle Contractile Proteins -- 7. References -- 4 The Use of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay in the Study of Biological Macromolecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Experimental Procedures: Measurement of Anisotropy Decay -- 4. Applications of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 5. References -- 5 Plasma Lipoproteins: Fluorescence as a Probe of Structure and Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Studies of Native Lipoproteins, Apoproteins, and Reassembled Lipoproteins, Using Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence and Covalently Attached Fluorescence Probes -- 3. Extrinsic Fluorescence Probes of Lipoprotein Structure and Function -- 4. Dynamics of Lipid Transfer -- 5. Summary and Perspectives -- 6. References -- 6 Fluorescent Dye-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intercalating and Nonintercalating Dyes -- 3. Nucleic Acid-Dye Binding Isotherms -- 4. Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum Yields -- 5. Decay of Fluorescence Anisotropy -- 6. Radiationless Energy Transfer -- 7. Cytological Applications -- 8. References.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468441390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics and Technology -- Silicon Technology and Its Applications in Microelectronics -- Lectures on Localization -- Electron Microscope Studies of Irradiation Damage in Metals and Alloys -- An Overview of the Physics of Nuclear Fusion: Its Present Status and Future Prospects -- Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Low Temperature Physics -- II: Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- The Shape of the Carbon Nucleus -- Gauge Theory and the Attempt at Grand Unification -- The First Year Mark of J: Physics with High Energy Electron-Positron Colliding Beams -- QCD in e+e? Annihilation: Theory and Practice -- Quantum Chromodynamics -- Towards a Grand Unified Theory of Four Generation -- A Revival of the De Sitter Universe -- Some Recent Developments in Astrophysics -- The Distribution and the Projected Density of Stars Around a Black Hole in the Centre of a Globular Cluster -- A Model for SS433 Involving Radiatively Driven Clouds -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
    Abstract: These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Fifth International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs from June 16-July 4, 1980 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organized by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theroetical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. It also received a financial grant from the University Grants Commission (UGC) for the participation of physicists from various universities in Pakistan. The college was attended by 22 lecturers and invited seminar speakers, 150 participants from 30 countries, and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only some of the regular lectures delivered at Nathiagali, but the seminars heldthere are listed in the Appendix. This year the main emphasis of the college was on the fron­ tiers of physics, particularly on the recent exciting development in high-energy physics and astrophysics. However, the lectures delivered at the college also covered a large sample of other aspects of physics ranging from low"-temperature physics to plasma physics of of fusion. The series of colleges of which the present college is the fifth, an attempt to remove the barrier of isolation for the physicists working in developing countries, far removed from active centres of research. It is hoped that these colleges are helping to fill the gap in communication between the physicists of developing and advanced countries.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics and TechnologySilicon Technology and Its Applications in Microelectronics -- Lectures on Localization -- Electron Microscope Studies of Irradiation Damage in Metals and Alloys -- An Overview of the Physics of Nuclear Fusion: Its Present Status and Future Prospects -- Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Low Temperature Physics -- II: Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge -- The Shape of the Carbon Nucleus -- Gauge Theory and the Attempt at Grand Unification -- The First Year Mark of J: Physics with High Energy Electron-Positron Colliding Beams -- QCD in e+e? Annihilation: Theory and Practice -- Quantum Chromodynamics -- Towards a Grand Unified Theory of Four Generation -- A Revival of the De Sitter Universe -- Some Recent Developments in Astrophysics -- The Distribution and the Projected Density of Stars Around a Black Hole in the Centre of a Globular Cluster -- A Model for SS433 Involving Radiatively Driven Clouds -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781468444360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Alcohol Use and Abuse: Historical Perspective and Present Trends -- 1. Alcohol Use in Historical Perspective -- 2. Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems -- 3. Development of the Concept(s) of Alcoholism -- 4. References -- 2 The Genetics of Alcoholism -- 1. Types of Studies Supporting a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 2. Possible Biological Mechanisms for a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 3. A Prospective Search for the Biological Determinants of Alcoholism -- 4. Summary -- 5. References -- 3 The Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism of Ethanol and Its Effects on Nutrition and Hepatic Function -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption and Distribution -- 3. Pharmacokinetics and Alcohol Elimination Rates -- 4. Processes and Organs Responsible for Ethanol Elimination -- 5. Significant Pathways of Ethanol Metabolism -- 6. Enzymes That Oxidize Ethanol to Acetaldehyde -- 7. Enzymes That Oxidize Acetaldehyde to Acetate -- 8. Control of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism in Liver -- 9. Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Alcohol Elimination Rate -- 10. Chronic Ethanol Ingestion and Nutrition -- 11. Ethanol Oxidation and Hepatic Metabolism -- 12. References -- 4 Effects of Ethanol upon Organ Systems Other than the Central Nervous System -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ethanol and the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 3. Muscle Systems -- 4. The Hematologic System -- 5. Kidney Disease and Alcoholism -- 6. Pulmonary Disease and Alcoholism -- 7. The Endocrine System and Alcoholism -- 8. Effects of Ethanol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- 9. Effects of Alcohol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal Axis -- 10. The Effects of Alcohol on Growth Hormone and Prolactin -- 11. Effects of Alcohol on Vasopressin and Oxytocin -- 12. Biological Markers of Alcoholism -- 13. References -- 5 Ethanol and the Central Nervous System -- 1. Ethanol and Behavior -- 2. Ethanol and Membrane Structure and Function -- 3. Ethanol and Electrical Cellular Activity -- 4. Ethanol and Synaptic Transmission -- 5. Ethanol and Metabolism -- 6. Consequences of Long-term Ethanol Consumption -- 7. Summary -- 8. References -- 6 Neurologic Diseases Associated with Chronic Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Dependence -- 3. Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System -- 4. Peripheral Polyneuropathy -- 5. Nutritional Deficiencies -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 7 Biology of Tolerance and Dependence -- 1. Introduction to Tolerance and Dependence -- 2. Factors Contributing to Tolerance and Dependence -- 3. Classifications and Definitions of Tolerance -- 4. Biochemical Determinants of Ethanol Tolerance -- 5. Characteristics of Physical Dependence on Ethanol -- 6. Etiological Factors Contributing to the Development of Physical Dependence -- 7. Neurochemical Systems Determining Physical Dependence -- 8. Pharmacologic Management of the Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- 9. References -- 8 Alcohol Consumption and Prenatal Development -- 1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects -- 2. Alcohol as a Teratogen in Animals, 1973–1979 -- 3. Critical Discussion and General Conclusions -- 4. References -- 9 Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centrally Acting Compounds -- 3. References -- 10 Psychological Correlates and Explantions of Alcohol Use and Abuse -- 1. Psychodynamic Models -- 2. The Disease Model -- 3. Behavioral and Social-Learning Approach -- 4. Future Directions -- 5. References -- 11 Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Patient Variables, Treatment Variables -- 1. Critical View of Treatment Outcome Evaluation -- 2. Treatment Variables -- 3. Patient Variables -- 4. Implications -- 5. References -- 12 Prevention of Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Approaches to Prevention -- 2. Alcohol Education -- 3. Mass Media -- 4. Alcohol Control Legislation -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. References.
    Abstract: Alcohol use affects, either directly or indirectly, nearly all facets of Western civi­ lization. Eastern cultures are also not exempt from the influence of alcohol, and the present decade has been a time of increased alcohol use in all parts of the world. The problems of alcohol abuse and alcoholism are of concern to a variety of professionals in the biomedical and psychosocial health sciences, and-although the alcohol research literature contains much information on the relationships between alcohol ingestion and physiological, neurochemical, pharmacologic, genetic, environmental, and psychological effects in humans and in subhuman spe­ cies-there is at the present time no advanced textbook that integrates the avail­ able information for use by both students and professionals. The writing of Medical and Social Aspects of Alcohol Abuse constitutes an attempt to create a scholarly reference and resource for students, researchers, prac­ ticing clinicians, and paraprofessionals who wish to understand the complex inter­ play of factors related to acute and chronic alcohol intoxication, the effects of alco­ hol on body functions, and treatment approaches to alcohol abusers and alcoholics.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Alcohol Use and Abuse: Historical Perspective and Present Trends1. Alcohol Use in Historical Perspective -- 2. Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems -- 3. Development of the Concept(s) of Alcoholism -- 4. References -- 2 The Genetics of Alcoholism -- 1. Types of Studies Supporting a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 2. Possible Biological Mechanisms for a Genetic Influence in Alcoholism -- 3. A Prospective Search for the Biological Determinants of Alcoholism -- 4. Summary -- 5. References -- 3 The Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism of Ethanol and Its Effects on Nutrition and Hepatic Function -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption and Distribution -- 3. Pharmacokinetics and Alcohol Elimination Rates -- 4. Processes and Organs Responsible for Ethanol Elimination -- 5. Significant Pathways of Ethanol Metabolism -- 6. Enzymes That Oxidize Ethanol to Acetaldehyde -- 7. Enzymes That Oxidize Acetaldehyde to Acetate -- 8. Control of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism in Liver -- 9. Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Alcohol Elimination Rate -- 10. Chronic Ethanol Ingestion and Nutrition -- 11. Ethanol Oxidation and Hepatic Metabolism -- 12. References -- 4 Effects of Ethanol upon Organ Systems Other than the Central Nervous System -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ethanol and the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 3. Muscle Systems -- 4. The Hematologic System -- 5. Kidney Disease and Alcoholism -- 6. Pulmonary Disease and Alcoholism -- 7. The Endocrine System and Alcoholism -- 8. Effects of Ethanol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- 9. Effects of Alcohol on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal Axis -- 10. The Effects of Alcohol on Growth Hormone and Prolactin -- 11. Effects of Alcohol on Vasopressin and Oxytocin -- 12. Biological Markers of Alcoholism -- 13. References -- 5 Ethanol and the Central Nervous System -- 1. Ethanol and Behavior -- 2. Ethanol and Membrane Structure and Function -- 3. Ethanol and Electrical Cellular Activity -- 4. Ethanol and Synaptic Transmission -- 5. Ethanol and Metabolism -- 6. Consequences of Long-term Ethanol Consumption -- 7. Summary -- 8. References -- 6 Neurologic Diseases Associated with Chronic Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Dependence -- 3. Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System -- 4. Peripheral Polyneuropathy -- 5. Nutritional Deficiencies -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 7 Biology of Tolerance and Dependence -- 1. Introduction to Tolerance and Dependence -- 2. Factors Contributing to Tolerance and Dependence -- 3. Classifications and Definitions of Tolerance -- 4. Biochemical Determinants of Ethanol Tolerance -- 5. Characteristics of Physical Dependence on Ethanol -- 6. Etiological Factors Contributing to the Development of Physical Dependence -- 7. Neurochemical Systems Determining Physical Dependence -- 8. Pharmacologic Management of the Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- 9. References -- 8 Alcohol Consumption and Prenatal Development -- 1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects -- 2. Alcohol as a Teratogen in Animals, 1973-1979 -- 3. Critical Discussion and General Conclusions -- 4. References -- 9 Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centrally Acting Compounds -- 3. References -- 10 Psychological Correlates and Explantions of Alcohol Use and Abuse -- 1. Psychodynamic Models -- 2. The Disease Model -- 3. Behavioral and Social-Learning Approach -- 4. Future Directions -- 5. References -- 11 Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Patient Variables, Treatment Variables -- 1. Critical View of Treatment Outcome Evaluation -- 2. Treatment Variables -- 3. Patient Variables -- 4. Implications -- 5. References -- 12 Prevention of Alcohol Abuse -- 1. Approaches to Prevention -- 2. Alcohol Education -- 3. Mass Media -- 4. Alcohol Control Legislation -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. References.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468468700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: History of Fish Farming -- Today’s Technology -- Goals and Organization -- Reference -- 1 United States of America -- Cold Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Warmwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Culture -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Canada -- Imports -- Marketing -- Nutrition -- Water Supplies and Use -- Research and Education -- Summary -- Reference -- 3 Norway -- Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 4 Sweden -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)b01 -- Special Acknowledgment -- 5 Denmark -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Netherlands (Holland) -- Text -- Special Acknowledgments -- 7 Belgium and Luxembourg -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)b01 -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus) -- Pike (Esox lucius) and Pike-Perch (Lucioperca lucioperca) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Recreation Fishing -- Total Supply -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio)b01 -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) -- Common or Northern Pike (Esox lucius) -- Recreation Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Switzerland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Austria -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Sports Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 11 Italy -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Brackish Water Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 France -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) -- Crayfish (Astacus leptoctylus) -- Hydrologic Information -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Spain -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Other Freshwater Fish -- Marine Culture -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 14 Portugal -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Marine Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 15 United Kingdom -- Rainbow Trout -- Salmon -- Dover Sole and Turbot -- Eels -- Crayfish -- Carp -- Other Species -- Outlook and Conclusions -- Some Government Research Laboratories -- References -- 16 Ireland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 17 Poland -- Pond Fish Farming -- Lake Fish Farming -- Fishery Management of Rivers and Dam Reservoirs -- Other Forms of Fish Culture -- Some Remarks on the Economics of Fish Farming in Poland -- Outlook -- References -- 18 Czechoslovakia -- River Management -- Marketing, Home Consumption, and Exports of Fish -- Research and Technical Innovation -- Economic Aspects of Fish Culture -- Price of Fish -- Outlook -- References -- 19 European USSR -- Text -- 20 Hungary -- Pond Farming -- Trout Farming -- Fish Production in Water Reservoirs -- Utilization of Backwater Areas -- Fish Production in Cages -- Operational Economics -- Marketing -- References -- 21 Asian USSR -- Salmon -- References -- 22 Republic of Korea -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Others -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 Japan -- Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Cultured Fish and Shrimp -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 24 People’s Republic of China -- The Area -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 Taiwan -- Milkfiish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalus) -- Shrimp -- Carp -- Outlook -- Reference -- 26 Israel -- History -- Ponds -- Production Methods -- Propagation -- Feeding -- Fertilizing and Manuring -- Fish Stocked in Production Ponds -- Genetic Improvement -- Marketing -- Diseases and Parasites -- Equipment -- Extension Service -- Research -- Future Trends -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 27 Thailand -- History of Aquaculture -- Aquaculture Practices and Techniques -- Marketing System -- References -- 28 Philippines -- Milkfish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Sarotherodon and Tilapia sp.) -- Shrimp -- Other Cultured Species -- Potentials and Prospects -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 29 Indonesia -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Brackish Water Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- References -- 30 Papua New Guinea -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 31 Australia -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Native Fish -- Crayfish -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- Outlook -- Text -- References.
    Abstract: Until the First Edition of World Fish Farming: Cultivation and Econom­ ics was published several years ago, there was little or no economic and technical information on commercial aquaculture either by countries or by species. I tried at that time to partially fill the gap in the literature. In this Second Edition, I have updated data originally presented and increased the scope by adding new countries. New trout data have been added for 10 western European countries; sections on cost of production of food-sized catfish and fingerlings in the USA; new and improved chapters for Japan, Hungary, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom; and com­ pletely new chapters pertaining to Poland, Thailand, and Czechoslovakia have all been added to this edition. The book now includes 31 countries, including all major producing ones. Between 5. 5 and 6. 0 million metric tons of finfish, shrimp, and crayfish cultured production are represented, which accounts for about 909c of the world's total. The People's Republic of China and the USSR, as well as countries on the continents of Europe, Asia, North America, and Oceania, are represented. Because of only minimal reported cultured fish production in Africa and South America, these continents have been omitted. Also, according to information received from New Zealand, there is no culturing offish in that country other than for restocking of public waters. More than 100 species of cultured fish, seven species of shrimp and prawns, and six species of crayfish are discussed.
    Description / Table of Contents: History of Fish FarmingToday’s Technology -- Goals and Organization -- Reference -- 1 United States of America -- Cold Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Warmwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Culture -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Canada -- Imports -- Marketing -- Nutrition -- Water Supplies and Use -- Research and Education -- Summary -- Reference -- 3 Norway -- Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 4 Sweden -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)b01 -- Special Acknowledgment -- 5 Denmark -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Netherlands (Holland) -- Text -- Special Acknowledgments -- 7 Belgium and Luxembourg -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)b01 -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus) -- Pike (Esox lucius) and Pike-Perch (Lucioperca lucioperca) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Recreation Fishing -- Total Supply -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio)b01 -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Tench (Tinca tinca) -- Common or Northern Pike (Esox lucius) -- Recreation Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Switzerland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Austria -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Other Cultured Fish -- Sports Fishing -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 11 Italy -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Brackish Water Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 France -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) -- Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) -- Crayfish (Astacus leptoctylus) -- Hydrologic Information -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Spain -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Other Freshwater Fish -- Marine Culture -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 14 Portugal -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Marine Culture -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 15 United Kingdom -- Rainbow Trout -- Salmon -- Dover Sole and Turbot -- Eels -- Crayfish -- Carp -- Other Species -- Outlook and Conclusions -- Some Government Research Laboratories -- References -- 16 Ireland -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- 17 Poland -- Pond Fish Farming -- Lake Fish Farming -- Fishery Management of Rivers and Dam Reservoirs -- Other Forms of Fish Culture -- Some Remarks on the Economics of Fish Farming in Poland -- Outlook -- References -- 18 Czechoslovakia -- River Management -- Marketing, Home Consumption, and Exports of Fish -- Research and Technical Innovation -- Economic Aspects of Fish Culture -- Price of Fish -- Outlook -- References -- 19 European USSR -- Text -- 20 Hungary -- Pond Farming -- Trout Farming -- Fish Production in Water Reservoirs -- Utilization of Backwater Areas -- Fish Production in Cages -- Operational Economics -- Marketing -- References -- 21 Asian USSR -- Salmon -- References -- 22 Republic of Korea -- Carp (Cyprinus carpio) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Others -- Outlook -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 Japan -- Freshwater Cultured Fish -- Marine Cultured Fish and Shrimp -- Restocking -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 24 People’s Republic of China -- The Area -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 Taiwan -- Milkfiish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) -- Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) -- Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalus) -- Shrimp -- Carp -- Outlook -- Reference -- 26 Israel -- History -- Ponds -- Production Methods -- Propagation -- Feeding -- Fertilizing and Manuring -- Fish Stocked in Production Ponds -- Genetic Improvement -- Marketing -- Diseases and Parasites -- Equipment -- Extension Service -- Research -- Future Trends -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 27 Thailand -- History of Aquaculture -- Aquaculture Practices and Techniques -- Marketing System -- References -- 28 Philippines -- Milkfish (Chanos chanos) -- Tilapia (Sarotherodon and Tilapia sp.) -- Shrimp -- Other Cultured Species -- Potentials and Prospects -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- 29 Indonesia -- Freshwater Aquaculture -- Brackish Water Aquaculture -- Marine Aquaculture -- References -- 30 Papua New Guinea -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) -- Special Acknowledgments -- 31 Australia -- Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) -- Native Fish -- Crayfish -- Special Acknowledgments -- References -- Outlook -- Text -- References.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468414875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors -- 2. Central Chemoreceptors -- 3. Lung and Airway Receptors -- 4. Respiratory Reflexes -- 5. Tissue Oxygen Transport in Health and Disease -- 6. Studies of Respiratory Control in Man -- 7. Respiratory Oscillations in Health and Disease -- 8. Control of Respiration in the Fetus and Newborn -- 9. Initiation and Control of Ventilatory Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia of High Altitude.
    Abstract: The scientific literature has expanded dramatically in recent years, making entry into the structure of any given area extremely difficult; concurrent with this explosion more people are required to become acquainted with information outside their main line of expertise. For this reason there is a need for review articles which give an overall review of circumscribed areas. This volume reviews the subject of respiratory control mechanisms; the authors of each chapter are active research workers engaged in the area covered by their chapter. The first four chapters are concerned with the basic physiological mechanisms which sense changes in the respiratory system, in the standard physiology textbook parlance chemical and neural sensory receptors. The peripheral arterial chemoreceptors sense changes in arterial oxygen tension, carbon dioxide and pH. The first chapter describes the basic responses in the organ produced by changes in blood chemistry. Later chapters discuss changes in activity produced by exercise, chronic hypoxia and the possible role of the chemoreceptors in initiation of respiration in the new-born. In Chapter 1, a section considers the action of drugs on the peripheral chemoreceptors, and finally there is a discussion of the possible mechanisms whereby the organs sense changes in blood chemistry. This pattern is followed in subsequent chapters wherever possible; first a discussion of the basic physiological properties, followed by any clinical application and dis­ cussion of the mechanism whereby the receptor might operate. The remaining chapters are of a more applied nature.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors2. Central Chemoreceptors -- 3. Lung and Airway Receptors -- 4. Respiratory Reflexes -- 5. Tissue Oxygen Transport in Health and Disease -- 6. Studies of Respiratory Control in Man -- 7. Respiratory Oscillations in Health and Disease -- 8. Control of Respiration in the Fetus and Newborn -- 9. Initiation and Control of Ventilatory Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia of High Altitude.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9781461335184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: of Volume 7 -- 1 Genetic Factors in Alcohol Abuse: Animal Models -- Animal Models in Alcohol Research -- A Quantitative Genetic Model -- Genetically Defined Populations in Alcohol Research -- Selective Breeding -- Summary -- References -- 2 Genetic Factors in Alcoholism -- Common Methodological Problems in Research on Genetic -- References -- 3 Acute Pharmacological Actions of Ethanol on the Central Nervous System -- Membranes -- Effects of Ethanol on Brain Calcium -- Membrane-dependent Neurotransmitter Activity -- Summary -- References -- 4 Ethanol and Brain Mechanisms of Reward -- Substrates of Brain Stimulation Reward -- Substrates of Drug Reward -- Interactions of Drugs of Abuse with Brain-Stimulation Reward -- Speculations -- References -- 5 Ethanol as a Reinforcer: Comparison with Other Drugs -- Intravenous Drugs as Reinforcers -- Intragastric Drug Self-administration -- Ethanol and Other Drugs as Reinforcers by the Oral Route -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 6 A Behavioral Analysis of the Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Man -- Behavioral Effects of Alcohol and Drugs -- Control of Behavior by Aversive Consequences -- Substance Abuse: Similarities and Differences -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Neurochemical Aspects of Tolerance to and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Definitions of Functional Tolerance and Dependence -- Factors Modulating Ethanol Tolerance Development -- Effects of Ethanol Administration on Neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Role of Neuronal Membranes in Development of Tolerance and Dependence -- Role of Condensation Products in Ethanol Tolerance and Dependence -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Metabolic Mechanisms in Tolerance and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Metabolic Tolerance -- Metabolism Mechanisms in Physical Dependence -- References -- 9 Endocrine Mechanisms in Tolerance to and Dependence on Alcohol -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interactions -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Relationship of Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems -- A Consideration of the Regulation of Alcohol Consumption -- Tolerance -- Physical Dependence -- Implications for Prevention and Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Brain Dysfunction and Alcohol -- Structural Brain Damage -- Evoked Potentials -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholics -- Short-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Long-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Theoretical Considerations -- References -- 13 Prenatal Effects of Alcohol Abuse in Humans and Laboratory Animals -- Historical Introduction to Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy -- Intrauterine Effects of Maternal Alcohol Abuse in Humans -- Animal Models of Maternal Alcohol Use and Abuse -- The Importance of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to Problems of Female Alcohol Abuse -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication -- Available Antagonists of Centrally Active Drugs -- Putative Alcohol Antagonists -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Study -- References.
    Abstract: The previous volume, The Pathogenesis of Alcoholism: Psychosocial Factors, attempted to describe the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors that lead to the initiation and perpetuation of alcoholism. The preface to that volume presented our particular view of the bio-. psycho-social interaction as a progressive process in which earlier developments produce new pathogenetic mechanisms, which in turn lead to still other cyclical feedback activities. Although influences from each of the three phenomenologic levels are at work during each stage of the clinical course, it would appear that social factors are most significant in the early phase, psychological factors at the intermediate level, and biological ones toward the end. These differences are only relative, however, for influences of all three types surely are operative during all stages of the syndrome. This appears to be particularly true for the biological parameters of activity. Don Goodwin (1976), who has supplied much of the data that support the role of hereditary factors in alcoholism, is wont to say that all living behavior is biological-by definition. The operational evidence for this is perhaps more evident in alcoholism than in other syndromes. For example, the general social indifference of many Asians to alcohol may reflect the presence of an atypical isoenzyme of alcohol dehydrogenase rather than some independently derived cultural norm.
    Description / Table of Contents: of Volume 71 Genetic Factors in Alcohol Abuse: Animal Models -- Animal Models in Alcohol Research -- A Quantitative Genetic Model -- Genetically Defined Populations in Alcohol Research -- Selective Breeding -- Summary -- References -- 2 Genetic Factors in Alcoholism -- Common Methodological Problems in Research on Genetic -- References -- 3 Acute Pharmacological Actions of Ethanol on the Central Nervous System -- Membranes -- Effects of Ethanol on Brain Calcium -- Membrane-dependent Neurotransmitter Activity -- Summary -- References -- 4 Ethanol and Brain Mechanisms of Reward -- Substrates of Brain Stimulation Reward -- Substrates of Drug Reward -- Interactions of Drugs of Abuse with Brain-Stimulation Reward -- Speculations -- References -- 5 Ethanol as a Reinforcer: Comparison with Other Drugs -- Intravenous Drugs as Reinforcers -- Intragastric Drug Self-administration -- Ethanol and Other Drugs as Reinforcers by the Oral Route -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 6 A Behavioral Analysis of the Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Man -- Behavioral Effects of Alcohol and Drugs -- Control of Behavior by Aversive Consequences -- Substance Abuse: Similarities and Differences -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Neurochemical Aspects of Tolerance to and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Definitions of Functional Tolerance and Dependence -- Factors Modulating Ethanol Tolerance Development -- Effects of Ethanol Administration on Neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter Receptors -- Role of Neuronal Membranes in Development of Tolerance and Dependence -- Role of Condensation Products in Ethanol Tolerance and Dependence -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Metabolic Mechanisms in Tolerance and Physical Dependence on Alcohol -- Metabolic Tolerance -- Metabolism Mechanisms in Physical Dependence -- References -- 9 Endocrine Mechanisms in Tolerance to and Dependence on Alcohol -- Alcohol-Endocrine Interactions -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Relationship of Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems -- A Consideration of the Regulation of Alcohol Consumption -- Tolerance -- Physical Dependence -- Implications for Prevention and Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Brain Dysfunction and Alcohol -- Structural Brain Damage -- Evoked Potentials -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholics -- Short-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Long-term Effects of Alcohol Ingestion -- Theoretical Considerations -- References -- 13 Prenatal Effects of Alcohol Abuse in Humans and Laboratory Animals -- Historical Introduction to Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy -- Intrauterine Effects of Maternal Alcohol Abuse in Humans -- Animal Models of Maternal Alcohol Use and Abuse -- The Importance of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to Problems of Female Alcohol Abuse -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Amethystic Agents in the Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication -- Available Antagonists of Centrally Active Drugs -- Putative Alcohol Antagonists -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Study -- References.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597810
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Physiological Mechanisms and Behaviour -- 2. Motivation and Decision-making -- 3. From Genes to Behaviour -- 4. Experience and Learning -- 5. Finding a Place to Live -- 6. Finding Food -- 7. Anti-predator Behaviour -- 8. The Ecology of Reproduction -- 9. The Ecology and Organisation of Social Behaviour -- 10. Communication -- 11. Evolution and Behaviour.
    Abstract: The study of animal behaviour, particularly from evolutionary and ecological viewpoints, has been one of the major growing points in biology over the last 10 to 15 years. The degree of quantitative rigour in theoretical, observational and experimental approaches to behaviour has increased dramatically. As more of the rapidly growing research literature be comes a basic requirement for students reading animal behaviour at undergraduate level, there is a need for a readily comprehensible text, covering all major aspects of behaviour study, to accom­ pany their courses. This book, based on my first, second and third year under­ graduate lectures at the University of No ttingham , is designed to meet that requirement. The book begins with a discussion of the physiological and anatomical bases of behaviour: the relationship between nervous system structure and function and behaviour; hormonal effects on behaviour; biological c1ocks; perceptual mechanisms; and stimulus filtering. This leads to a consideration in Chapter 2 of how the animal integrates internal and external stimuli in making decisions about its behaviour and the way natural selection has shaped decision-making processes and the organisation of motivation. The first two chapters therefore deal with the instigation or causation of behaviour within the animal. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with developmental aspects of behaviour. Chapter 3 discusses behaviour genetics, inc1uding the relationship between specific genes and behaviour, the heritability of behaviour patterns, the site of gene action in the body and the evolutionary consequences of a genetic basis to behaviour.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Physiological Mechanisms and Behaviour2. Motivation and Decision-making -- 3. From Genes to Behaviour -- 4. Experience and Learning -- 5. Finding a Place to Live -- 6. Finding Food -- 7. Anti-predator Behaviour -- 8. The Ecology of Reproduction -- 9. The Ecology and Organisation of Social Behaviour -- 10. Communication -- 11. Evolution and Behaviour.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468468557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- The Front End 12; Image Processing 13; Pattern Recognition 13; Applications 14; Structure of the Book 16; Future Directions for Robot Vision 21 -- I: Techniques -- 2 Software or Hardware for Robot Vision? -- 3 Comparison of Five Methods for the Recognition of Industrial Parts -- 4 Syntactic Techniques in Scene Analysis -- II: Applications -- 5 Recognition of Overlapping Workpieces by Model-Directed Construction of Object Contours -- 6 Simple Assembly Under Visual Control -- 7 Visually Interactive Gripping of Engineering Parts from Random Orientation -- 8 An Interface Circuit for a Linear Photodiode Array Camera -- III: Adaptive Processing for Vision -- 9 Networks of Memory Elements: A Processor for Industrial Automation -- 10 Computer Vision Systems for Industry: Comparisons -- 11 Memory Networks for Practical Vision Systems: Design Calculations -- 12 Emergent Intelligence from Adaptive Processing Systems.
    Abstract: I. ALEKSANDER Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics BruneI University, England The three key words that appear in the title of this book need some clarification. First, how far does the word robot reach in the context of indus­ trial automation? There is an argument maintaining that this range is not fixed, but increases with advancing technology. The most limited definition of the robot is also the earliest. The history is worth following because it provides a convincing backdrop to the central point of this book: vision is likely to epitomize the technolo­ gical advance, having the greatest effect in enlarging the definition and range of activity of robots. In the mid 1950s it was foreseen that a purely mechanical arm-like device could be used to move objects between two fixed locations. This was seen to be cost-effective only if the task was to remain fixed for some time. The need to change tasks and therefore the level of programmability of the robot was a key issue in the broadening of robot activities. Robots installed in industry in the early 1960s derived their programmability from a device called apinboard. Ver­ tical wires were energized sequentially in time, while horizontal wires, when energized, would trigger off elementary actions in the manipulator arm. The task of reprogramming was a huge one, as pins had to be reinserted in the board, connecting steps in time with robot actions.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionThe Front End 12; Image Processing 13; Pattern Recognition 13; Applications 14; Structure of the Book 16; Future Directions for Robot Vision 21 -- I: Techniques -- 2 Software or Hardware for Robot Vision? -- 3 Comparison of Five Methods for the Recognition of Industrial Parts -- 4 Syntactic Techniques in Scene Analysis -- II: Applications -- 5 Recognition of Overlapping Workpieces by Model-Directed Construction of Object Contours -- 6 Simple Assembly Under Visual Control -- 7 Visually Interactive Gripping of Engineering Parts from Random Orientation -- 8 An Interface Circuit for a Linear Photodiode Array Camera -- III: Adaptive Processing for Vision -- 9 Networks of Memory Elements: A Processor for Industrial Automation -- 10 Computer Vision Systems for Industry: Comparisons -- 11 Memory Networks for Practical Vision Systems: Design Calculations -- 12 Emergent Intelligence from Adaptive Processing Systems.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468445053
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Physiological Effects of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation on Bacteria -- 2. The Electronic Spectroscopy of Photoreceptors (Other Than Rhodopsin) -- 3. Photodynamic Agents as Tools for Cell Biology -- 4. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Related Techniques Applied to Biological Materials -- 5. Photobiology and Radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans -- 6. Cherenkov Radiation: Its Properties, Occurrence, and Uses -- 7. Neurospora crassa: A Unique System for Studying Circadian Rhythms.
    Abstract: The goals of the science of photobiology can be divided into four cate­ gories: to develop (1) ways to optimize the beneficial effects of light on man and his environment, (2) methods to protect organisms, including man, from the detrimental effects of light, (3) photochemical tools for use in studies of life processes, and (4) photochemical therapies in medicine. To achieve these goals will require the knowledgeable collaboration of biologists, chemists, engineers, mathematicians, physicians, and phys­ icists, because photobiology is a truly multidisciplinary science. While a multidisciplinary science is more intellectually demanding, it also has a greater potential for unexpected breakthroughs that can occur when data from several areas of science are integrated into new concepts for the­ oretical or practical use. Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews continues to provide in-depth coverage of the many specialty areas of photobiology. It is hoped that these reviews will provide an important service to the younger sci­ entists in the field and to senior scientists in related fields, because they provide a ready access to the recent literature in the field, and more importantly, they frequently offer a critical evaluation of the direction that the field is taking, or suggest a redirection when appropriate.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Physiological Effects of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation on Bacteria2. The Electronic Spectroscopy of Photoreceptors (Other Than Rhodopsin) -- 3. Photodynamic Agents as Tools for Cell Biology -- 4. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Related Techniques Applied to Biological Materials -- 5. Photobiology and Radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans -- 6. Cherenkov Radiation: Its Properties, Occurrence, and Uses -- 7. Neurospora crassa: A Unique System for Studying Circadian Rhythms.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Independent Inventor -- Can Inventing Be Taught? -- 1. Basic Ideas About Inventing -- What Is Invention? -- What Is Not an Invention? -- The Areas of Invention -- Kinds of Invention -- 2. Some Fundamental Principles of Technology -- Energy and Its Forms -- The Transfer of Energy and Material -- The Storage of Energy -- Order and Chaos -- Some General Concepts -- Associated Art Effect -- 3. The Anatomy of a Patent -- The Patent -- Structure of the Patent -- Patents As Technical Literature -- How To Conduct a Patent Search -- Libraries which Contain Complete Sets of Patents -- Other Sources of Information -- 4. The Inventive Process -- Preliminary Considerations -- Problem Definition and Problem Assignment -- The Enhancement of Creativity -- Matrix Methods -- Changing Viewpoints Method -- Question Asking Methods -- Updating and Adaptation -- Biological Modeling -- Analysis and Synthesis -- Group Methods -- Warm Up Methods -- Pitfalls -- 5. Underlying Principles of Some Recent Developments -- Motorized Drum — Combination of Two Functions -- Plug-In Switch — Problem Analysis Followed by Specific Solution -- One Piece Racquet — List of Shortcomings of Present Art -- Ultrasonic Ranging — Biological Modeling -- Roto-Jet® Pump — Function Reversal -- Push Pedal Bicycle — Listing, Analysis, Association -- Holography and Human Memory — Adaptation and Cross Fertilization -- 6. Planning the Experiment -- General Principles of Experiment Planning -- Steps in Experiment Layout -- Simplification -- Chemical Processes and Compositions of Matter -- Overlooked Primary Factors -- Summary -- 7. Apparatus Construction, Measurements and Data Handling -- Sketching and Drawing -- Model Making -- Measurement Taking -- Transduction -- Measurement System Design -- Data Handling -- 8. The Psychology of Invention -- Motivation -- Inner Needs -- Maturity -- Thought Processes -- 9. Obtaining a Patent -- Patent Services -- Costs -- Working with an Attorney or Agent -- The Patenting Procedure -- 10. Making Your Invention Pay -- Basic Considerations -- Exploring the Possibilities -- The Patented Idea -- Locating Buyers -- Patent Development Companies and Brokers -- Manufacturing the Invention -- Miscellaneous Considerations -- 11. Invention Into Enterprise — Some Case Histories -- Fusion Systems Corporation -- Correlation Music Industries -- Dave Benedict Crossbows -- Gravity Dynamics Corporation -- 12. Legislative Changes and the Inventor -- Shortcomings of the System -- Proposed Legislative Changes -- European Patent Organization -- Recent Court Decisions.
    Abstract: The Independent Inventor Most persons have at some time in their lives invented somethin- perhaps a gadget for making some task easier or a method for increas­ ing the economy of an everyday operation. Aside from a certain degree of personal satisfaction, the great majority of these inven­ tions have never yielded their creators any amount of real return. In many instances, the fault has been with the inventor himself, who made little or no effort beyond writing down the bright idea. In a significant number of cases, however, the problem has arisen from a general lack of knowledge of what to do about a promising idea. The individual who works full time in a non-technical job usually has no guidance for proceeding in a logical, professional way towards effec­ tive development and utilization of his invention. Several other factors are responsible for the considerable waste we see in the handling of inventions. Perhaps the most significant of these factors is an incomplete awareness of prior art. A stenographer dreams up a device to facilitate the distribution of incoming mail. She feels that the idea is so simple that others must have patented it long ago and so she goes no further with the concept. At the other extreme is the garage mechanic who invents a new type of wrench.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Independent InventorCan Inventing Be Taught? -- 1. Basic Ideas About Inventing -- What Is Invention? -- What Is Not an Invention? -- The Areas of Invention -- Kinds of Invention -- 2. Some Fundamental Principles of Technology -- Energy and Its Forms -- The Transfer of Energy and Material -- The Storage of Energy -- Order and Chaos -- Some General Concepts -- Associated Art Effect -- 3. The Anatomy of a Patent -- The Patent -- Structure of the Patent -- Patents As Technical Literature -- How To Conduct a Patent Search -- Libraries which Contain Complete Sets of Patents -- Other Sources of Information -- 4. The Inventive Process -- Preliminary Considerations -- Problem Definition and Problem Assignment -- The Enhancement of Creativity -- Matrix Methods -- Changing Viewpoints Method -- Question Asking Methods -- Updating and Adaptation -- Biological Modeling -- Analysis and Synthesis -- Group Methods -- Warm Up Methods -- Pitfalls -- 5. Underlying Principles of Some Recent Developments -- Motorized Drum - Combination of Two Functions -- Plug-In Switch - Problem Analysis Followed by Specific Solution -- One Piece Racquet - List of Shortcomings of Present Art -- Ultrasonic Ranging - Biological Modeling -- Roto-Jet® Pump - Function Reversal -- Push Pedal Bicycle - Listing, Analysis, Association -- Holography and Human Memory - Adaptation and Cross Fertilization -- 6. Planning the Experiment -- General Principles of Experiment Planning -- Steps in Experiment Layout -- Simplification -- Chemical Processes and Compositions of Matter -- Overlooked Primary Factors -- Summary -- 7. Apparatus Construction, Measurements and Data Handling -- Sketching and Drawing -- Model Making -- Measurement Taking -- Transduction -- Measurement System Design -- Data Handling -- 8. The Psychology of Invention -- Motivation -- Inner Needs -- Maturity -- Thought Processes -- 9. Obtaining a Patent -- Patent Services -- Costs -- Working with an Attorney or Agent -- The Patenting Procedure -- 10. Making Your Invention Pay -- Basic Considerations -- Exploring the Possibilities -- The Patented Idea -- Locating Buyers -- Patent Development Companies and Brokers -- Manufacturing the Invention -- Miscellaneous Considerations -- 11. Invention Into Enterprise - Some Case Histories -- Fusion Systems Corporation -- Correlation Music Industries -- Dave Benedict Crossbows -- Gravity Dynamics Corporation -- 12. Legislative Changes and the Inventor -- Shortcomings of the System -- Proposed Legislative Changes -- European Patent Organization -- Recent Court Decisions.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9781461592037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I -Photophysics and Photochemistry of Biological Molecules -- Time-Resolved Chromophore Resonance Raman and Protein Fluorescence of Intermediates in some Photobiological Changes -- Synchrotron Radiation Sources for Photobiology and Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy -- Photoacoustic Methods Applied to Biological Systems -- Dynamics of Heme Proteins -- Measurement of Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Using Optical Probes -- Flow Sorting on the Basis of Morphology and Topology -- Primary Processes in the Photochemistry of Proteins -- Models of Photoregulation -- U.V. Induced Formation of Polynucleotide-Protein Cross-linkages as a Tool for Investigation of the Nucleoprotein Structure and Function -- Round Table Summary: Endogeneous and Exogeneous Inhibitors and Sensitizers. Fundamental Aspects -- Round Table Summary: Prebiotic Photochemistry and Photochemical Reactions in Space -- Bioluminescence and its Applications -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physical and Biophysical Aspects -- II -Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis and DNA Repair -- Cell Inactivation and Mutagenesis by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Photoreactivation of Pyrimidine Dimers Generated by a Photosensitized Reaction in RNA of Insect Embryos (Smittia Spec.) -- Molecular Aspects of Error Prone Repair in Escherichia Coli -- Round Table Summary: Genetic Engineering and DNA Repair -- Aspects of Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis and Malignant Transformation -- Genetic Aspects of Repair Deficiency and Skin Cancer -- Immunologic Aspects of U.V. Carcinogenesis -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects -- III -Photomedicine -- Skin: Structure, Natural and Therapeutical Targets of Ultra-Violet Radiation -- Photochemical Reactions of Furocoumarins -- A Photochemical Characterization of Reactions of Psoralen Derivatives with DNA -- Photobiology of Furocoumarins -- Photochemotherapy with Furocoumarins [Psoralens] -- Advances in Phototherapy of Skin Diseases -- Advances in Phototherapy of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Photodynamic Therapy of Infections -- L’Utilisation du Laser en Ophtalmologie -- Ultraviolet Prophylaxis of Adverse Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Organisms -- Round Table Summary: Usage and Testing of Sunscreens -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Medical Aspects -- IV -Photophysiology -- Visual Rhodopsin and Phototransduction in the Vertebrate Retina -- Photoregulation of E.coli Growth -- Photomovements of Microorganisms -- The Mechanism of the Circadian Rhythm of Photosynthesis -- Photoregulation of Neuroendocrine Rhythms -- The Effects of Artificial and Natural Sunlight upon some Psychosomatic Parameters of the Human Organism -- Intracellular Location of Phytochrome -- The Role of Phytochrome in the Natural Environment -- Phytochrome and Gene Expression -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physiological Aspects -- V -Photosynthesis and Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Organization of the Photosynthetic Pigments and Transfer of the Excitation Energy -- Laser Studies of Primary Processes in Photosynthesis -- Systematic Modification of Electron Transfer Kinetics in a Biological Protein: Replacement of the Primary Ubiquinone of Photochemical Reaction Centers with other Quinones -- Direct Measurement of Light Induced Currents and Potentials Generated by Bacterial Reaction Centers -- Primary and Associated Reactions in Photosystem II -- Biophotolysis of Water for H2 Production using Immobilized and Synthetic Catalysts -- Solar Energy Bioconversion at the Ecosystem Level -- Utilization of Solar Radiation by Phytoplankton -- Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis. From the Chloroplast to the Plant Canopy -- Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- List of Contributors.
    Description / Table of Contents: I -Photophysics and Photochemistry of Biological MoleculesTime-Resolved Chromophore Resonance Raman and Protein Fluorescence of Intermediates in some Photobiological Changes -- Synchrotron Radiation Sources for Photobiology and Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy -- Photoacoustic Methods Applied to Biological Systems -- Dynamics of Heme Proteins -- Measurement of Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Using Optical Probes -- Flow Sorting on the Basis of Morphology and Topology -- Primary Processes in the Photochemistry of Proteins -- Models of Photoregulation -- U.V. Induced Formation of Polynucleotide-Protein Cross-linkages as a Tool for Investigation of the Nucleoprotein Structure and Function -- Round Table Summary: Endogeneous and Exogeneous Inhibitors and Sensitizers. Fundamental Aspects -- Round Table Summary: Prebiotic Photochemistry and Photochemical Reactions in Space -- Bioluminescence and its Applications -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physical and Biophysical Aspects -- II -Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis and DNA Repair -- Cell Inactivation and Mutagenesis by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Photoreactivation of Pyrimidine Dimers Generated by a Photosensitized Reaction in RNA of Insect Embryos (Smittia Spec.) -- Molecular Aspects of Error Prone Repair in Escherichia Coli -- Round Table Summary: Genetic Engineering and DNA Repair -- Aspects of Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis and Malignant Transformation -- Genetic Aspects of Repair Deficiency and Skin Cancer -- Immunologic Aspects of U.V. Carcinogenesis -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects -- III -Photomedicine -- Skin: Structure, Natural and Therapeutical Targets of Ultra-Violet Radiation -- Photochemical Reactions of Furocoumarins -- A Photochemical Characterization of Reactions of Psoralen Derivatives with DNA -- Photobiology of Furocoumarins -- Photochemotherapy with Furocoumarins [Psoralens] -- Advances in Phototherapy of Skin Diseases -- Advances in Phototherapy of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia -- Photodynamic Therapy of Infections -- L’Utilisation du Laser en Ophtalmologie -- Ultraviolet Prophylaxis of Adverse Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Organisms -- Round Table Summary: Usage and Testing of Sunscreens -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Medical Aspects -- IV -Photophysiology -- Visual Rhodopsin and Phototransduction in the Vertebrate Retina -- Photoregulation of E.coli Growth -- Photomovements of Microorganisms -- The Mechanism of the Circadian Rhythm of Photosynthesis -- Photoregulation of Neuroendocrine Rhythms -- The Effects of Artificial and Natural Sunlight upon some Psychosomatic Parameters of the Human Organism -- Intracellular Location of Phytochrome -- The Role of Phytochrome in the Natural Environment -- Phytochrome and Gene Expression -- The Trends and Future of Photobiology: Physiological Aspects -- V -Photosynthesis and Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- Organization of the Photosynthetic Pigments and Transfer of the Excitation Energy -- Laser Studies of Primary Processes in Photosynthesis -- Systematic Modification of Electron Transfer Kinetics in a Biological Protein: Replacement of the Primary Ubiquinone of Photochemical Reaction Centers with other Quinones -- Direct Measurement of Light Induced Currents and Potentials Generated by Bacterial Reaction Centers -- Primary and Associated Reactions in Photosystem II -- Biophotolysis of Water for H2 Production using Immobilized and Synthetic Catalysts -- Solar Energy Bioconversion at the Ecosystem Level -- Utilization of Solar Radiation by Phytoplankton -- Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis. From the Chloroplast to the Plant Canopy -- Bioconversion of Solar Energy -- List of Contributors.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781468414844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Section I Acute Experiments on Normal Renal Function -- 2. Glomerular filtration rate -- 3. Renal nerves as an agent acting on the kidneys -- 4. Excretion of urea -- 5. Excretion of sulphate -- 6. Excretion of phosphate -- 7. Excretion of potassium -- 8. Excretion of sodium -- 9. Excretion of chloride and bicarbonate: ammonium in urine -- 10. The antidiuretic action of vasopressin -- 11. Release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis -- 12. Acute experiments on the volume of the urine -- 13. Acute experiments on drinking by dogs -- Section II Balance Experiments -- 14. Intake of amino-N and excretion of urea -- 15. Intake of sulphur and excretion of sulphate -- 16. Intake of phosphorus and excretion of phosphate -- 17. Intake and excretion of potassium -- 18. Sodium balance -- 19. Intake and excretion of chloride -- 20. Anion-cation excretion: acid-base balance -- 21. Water balance -- 22. Experimental diabetes insipidus -- References.
    Abstract: This book has developed from an earlier monograph, 'Renal Function' (1962; London, Edward Arnold). It retains the general purpose of that book in relating the composition of the blood to the volume and com­ position of the urine of animals, including the new data of the intervening 20 years. As indicated by its title, this new book also has the particular purpose of studying the urine of animals in a normal environment and eating food usual to the species. Renal physiology illustrates a dilemma which arises also in other fields. Advanced technology, harnessed by accumulated experimental skill, now allows detailed investigation of basal processes. Micropuncture experiments have greatly advanced our understanding of the processes of glomerular fil­ tration and tubular reabsorption and have contribut­ ed to the wider discussion of the physicochemical nature of the movement of water and ions across cell surfaces. But experiments at microscopic or cell­ ular level demand experimental conditions in which the systems are abstracted from their natural en­ vironment, either as isolated perfused preparations or with the anaesthetised animal merely providing support for a tissue left in situ. The arguments from such experiments, important though they are towards understanding the basal processes, readily become remote from the reality of the normal animal.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. IntroductionSection I Acute Experiments on Normal Renal Function -- 2. Glomerular filtration rate -- 3. Renal nerves as an agent acting on the kidneys -- 4. Excretion of urea -- 5. Excretion of sulphate -- 6. Excretion of phosphate -- 7. Excretion of potassium -- 8. Excretion of sodium -- 9. Excretion of chloride and bicarbonate: ammonium in urine -- 10. The antidiuretic action of vasopressin -- 11. Release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis -- 12. Acute experiments on the volume of the urine -- 13. Acute experiments on drinking by dogs -- Section II Balance Experiments -- 14. Intake of amino-N and excretion of urea -- 15. Intake of sulphur and excretion of sulphate -- 16. Intake of phosphorus and excretion of phosphate -- 17. Intake and excretion of potassium -- 18. Sodium balance -- 19. Intake and excretion of chloride -- 20. Anion-cation excretion: acid-base balance -- 21. Water balance -- 22. Experimental diabetes insipidus -- References.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466898
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- 1 The Bacterial Cell -- Two: Gene Expression -- 2 RNA and Protein Production -- 3 Mutation -- Three: Gene Transfer -- 4 Plasmids -- 5 Bacteriophages -- 6 Reactions of DNA -- 7 Investigation of Gene Structure and Function -- Four: Gene Regulation -- 8 Operon Control -- 9 Control of Bacterial Gene Expression -- 10 Control of Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements.
    Abstract: My aim in writing Gene Function has been to present an up-to-date picture ofthe molecular biology of Escherichia coli. I have not attempted a chronological description, believing that a mechanistic account is more useful for such a highly developed field. I have divided the book into four parts. Part I is a general introduction to bacterial systems, their genetic material, structure, composition and growth. It has seemed desirable to include herein a brief preview of the remaining text, to introduce the nomenclature and to help place subsequent chapters in perspective. The expression of genetic material and its perturbation through mutation is considered in Part II. Part III discusses how the transfer of prokaryotic genetic material can be mediated by plasmids and bacteriophages. It describes the DNA transactions involved (replication, recombination and repair) and ends with a description of the genetic and biochemical techniques employed in the study of gene organisation. Finally, Part IV considers the control of expression of bacterial, plasmid and phage genes. Key reviews are listed at the end of each chapter.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Introduction1 The Bacterial Cell -- Two: Gene Expression -- 2 RNA and Protein Production -- 3 Mutation -- Three: Gene Transfer -- 4 Plasmids -- 5 Bacteriophages -- 6 Reactions of DNA -- 7 Investigation of Gene Structure and Function -- Four: Gene Regulation -- 8 Operon Control -- 9 Control of Bacterial Gene Expression -- 10 Control of Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9781461337003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Masters Theses Listed by Study Discipline -- 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con­ cerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor­ poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 26 (thesis year 1981) a total of 11 ,048 theses titles from 24 Canadian and 21 8 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 26 reports theses submitted in 1981, on occasion, certain univer­ sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
    Description / Table of Contents: Masters Theses Listed by Study Discipline1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communications Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461592457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Law. ; Civil law. ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1. The Background -- 1.2. The Right to Education for Retarded Children: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania -- 1.3. Districtwide Relief for All Handicapped Students: Mills v. Board of Education, District of Columbia -- 1.4. Programs for Newly Identified Children: Frederick L. v. Thomas -- 1.5. Notes -- 2 A National Right to Education: The Education for all Handicapped Children act -- 2.1. An Overview -- 2.2. Court-Ordered Implementation of P.L. 94-142: Mattie T. v. Holladay -- 2.3. Free Appropriate Public Education -- 2.4. Handicapped Children -- 2. 5. Individualized Education Program -- 2.6. Due Process Procedures -- 2.7. Appeals -- 2.8. Surrogate Parents -- 2.9. Evaluations -- 2.10. Least Restrictive Environment -- 2.11. Least Restrictive Environment and the Courts: The Willowbrook Case -- 2.12. Confidentiality of Records -- 2.13. Excluding Persons without a Legitimate Educational Interest: The Government Requirements -- 2.14. Notes -- 3 Prohibiting Discrimination against Handicapped Students -- 3.1. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 -- 3.2. Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary Education -- 3.3. The Integration Requirement -- 3.4. Court-Ordered Integration: Hairston v. Drosick -- 3.5. Evaluation Procedures -- 3.6. Nonacademic Services -- 3.7. Postsecondary Education -- 3.8. Auxiliary Aids -- 3.9. Access to Postsecondary Programs: Southeastern Community College v. Davis -- 3.10. Other Section 504 Provisions -- 3.11. Notes -- 4 The Special Education Hearing: Preparation and Litigation -- 4.1. The Purpose of a Hearing -- 4.2. Preparation for the Hearing -- 4.3. At the Hearing -- 4.4. The Hearing Officer -- 4.5. The Opening Statement -- 4.6. The Presentation of Witnesses -- 4.7. The Testimony of School District Officials -- 4.8. Medical Testimony -- 4.9. The Psychological Testimony -- 4.10. The Parent as a Witness -- 4.11. Cross-Examination -- 4.12. Closing Statement -- 4.13. Appeals -- 4.14. Model Exceptions -- 4.15. Appeal to Court -- 4.16. Notes -- 5 Major Issues in Special Education Law -- 5.1. Continuous Special Education -- 5.2. Discipline and Special Education -- 5.3. Language and Racial Minorities -- 5.4. Special Education Malpractice -- 5.5. Gifted and Talented Children -- 5.6. Notes -- Appendix 1 Federal Requirements for the Education of all Handicapped Children (20 U.S.C. §§1401-1420) -- Appendix 2 P.L. 94-142 Regulations (34 C.F.R. PART 300) -- Appendix 3 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794) -- Appendix 4 Section 504 Regulations (34 C.F.R. Part 104) -- Appendix 5 Legal Organizations.
    Abstract: To any professional concerned with exceptional children, it would be the greatest understatement to say that the courts and legislatures have had a tremendous impact on the field of speeial education. Especially in the last decade, a flood of litigation filed to develop and define the right to education of previously unserved handicapped children has left no special education teacher, school adminis­ trator, nurse, educational psychologist, or pediatrician unaffected-either be­ cause these professionals are daily called upon to help children, or because they may come forward as witnesses on behalf of children who are the subjects of special education meetings, individualized education programs, placement hear­ ings, or judicial proceedings. Thus, for these people, questions regarding a student's legal rights are immediate and pervasive. This book developed out of the need to provide nonlegal professionals with a lawyer's view of the huge body of court cases and federal laws and regulations that affect their practice as well as their students and clients. An introductory chapter provides the historical basis of the current interface between law and special education. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 and Sec­ tion 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and their regulations promulgated in 1977, are the major national laws in the field ~nd are therefore described in Chapters 2 and 3.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1. The Background -- 1.2. The Right to Education for Retarded Children: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania -- 1.3. Districtwide Relief for All Handicapped Students: Mills v. Board of Education, District of Columbia -- 1.4. Programs for Newly Identified Children: Frederick L. v. Thomas -- 1.5. Notes -- 2 A National Right to Education: The Education for all Handicapped Children act -- 2.1. An Overview -- 2.2. Court-Ordered Implementation of P.L. 94-142: Mattie T. v. Holladay -- 2.3. Free Appropriate Public Education -- 2.4. Handicapped Children -- 2. 5. Individualized Education Program -- 2.6. Due Process Procedures -- 2.7. Appeals -- 2.8. Surrogate Parents -- 2.9. Evaluations -- 2.10. Least Restrictive Environment -- 2.11. Least Restrictive Environment and the Courts: The Willowbrook Case -- 2.12. Confidentiality of Records -- 2.13. Excluding Persons without a Legitimate Educational Interest: The Government Requirements -- 2.14. Notes -- 3 Prohibiting Discrimination against Handicapped Students -- 3.1. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 -- 3.2. Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary Education -- 3.3. The Integration Requirement -- 3.4. Court-Ordered Integration: Hairston v. Drosick -- 3.5. Evaluation Procedures -- 3.6. Nonacademic Services -- 3.7. Postsecondary Education -- 3.8. Auxiliary Aids -- 3.9. Access to Postsecondary Programs: Southeastern Community College v. Davis -- 3.10. Other Section 504 Provisions -- 3.11. Notes -- 4 The Special Education Hearing: Preparation and Litigation -- 4.1. The Purpose of a Hearing -- 4.2. Preparation for the Hearing -- 4.3. At the Hearing -- 4.4. The Hearing Officer -- 4.5. The Opening Statement -- 4.6. The Presentation of Witnesses -- 4.7. The Testimony of School District Officials -- 4.8. Medical Testimony -- 4.9. The Psychological Testimony -- 4.10. The Parent as a Witness -- 4.11. Cross-Examination -- 4.12. Closing Statement -- 4.13. Appeals -- 4.14. Model Exceptions -- 4.15. Appeal to Court -- 4.16. Notes -- 5 Major Issues in Special Education Law -- 5.1. Continuous Special Education -- 5.2. Discipline and Special Education -- 5.3. Language and Racial Minorities -- 5.4. Special Education Malpractice -- 5.5. Gifted and Talented Children -- 5.6. Notes -- Appendix 1 Federal Requirements for the Education of all Handicapped Children (20 U.S.C. §§1401-1420) -- Appendix 2 P.L. 94-142 Regulations (34 C.F.R. PART 300) -- Appendix 3 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794) -- Appendix 4 Section 504 Regulations (34 C.F.R. Part 104) -- Appendix 5 Legal Organizations.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461339182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.1. Some Preliminary Observations on Water -- 1.2. Hydrology -- 1.3. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.4. Some Basic Principles of Hydrology -- 1.5. Terrain Hydrology -- 1.6. Change in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.7. Wastage in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.8. The International Hydrologie Decade -- 1.9. The United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade -- 1.10. Drought, a Disruption in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.11. Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.12. The Global Water Balance -- 2. The Atmosphere -- 2.1. Energy in the Atmosphere -- 2.2. Atmospheric Moisture -- 2.3. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrometeorology -- 2.4. Circulation in the Atmosphere -- 2.5. Measurement of Precipitation -- 2.6. Measurement of Evaporation -- 2.7. Gauging of Snow -- 2.8. Atmospheric Water in Soil Erosion -- 2.9. Wind and Pressure -- 2.10. The Earth and its Atmosphere -- 3. Rivers -- 3.1. Rates of Flow and Discharge of Rivers -- 3.2. The Basin Hydrologic Cycle -- 3.3. Basin Morphometry -- 3.4. River Load -- 3.5. River Erosion Studies -- 3.6. The Forms of Channels -- 3.7. Flood Hazards -- 3.8. Water Movement through Soil -- 4. Lakes and other Surface Water Manifestations -- 4.1. General Characteristics of Lakes -- 4.2. Dynamics of Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.3. Leakages from Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.4. 18O and D Concentrations with Reference to the Water Balance of Lakes -- 4.5. The Total Lake Water Resources of the Earth -- 4.6. Springs -- 4.7. Snow Packs and Glaciers -- 5. The Oceans -- 5.1. Seas and Oceans -- 5.2. Structure of Oceanic Basins -- 5.3. Oceanic Circulation -- 5.4. Other Motions in the Oceans -- 5.5. Coastlines -- 5.6. The Deposits of the Deep Oceans -- 5.7. The History of the Deep Oceans -- 5.8. The Chemistry and Biology of the Seas -- Author Index -- Places Index.
    Abstract: Next to air, water is the most essential of human requirements. The hydrosphere-the waters of the Earth, its oceans, rivers and lakes-is vital, constituting a feature unique in the solar system and one responsible for physical and climatic phenomena characteristic of the planet. Water moves through the hydrologic cycle and runs the heat engine of the Earth, approximately 97% of it occurring in the oceans. These contain vast natural resources including abundant plant and animal life and they assist in cleansing the atmosphere by becoming the final repository of air and land pollutants of which many are man-made. Unfortunately their ability to do this is diminishing because of rising pollution by toxicants such as DDT, nuclear by-products such as strontium-90 and oil spills. The oceans contain huge quantities of various substances mostly originating from the atmosphere, biological activity, river transport after rock weathering, groundwater, spreading zones along mid-oceanic ridges and crustal out-gassing. After hydrogen and oxygen, the commonest elements in them are Cl, Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, Br, C and B. The atmosphere and the oceans together cooperate in an energy cycle important in controlling and equalising the Earth's surface temperature.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Hydrologic Cycle1.1. Some Preliminary Observations on Water -- 1.2. Hydrology -- 1.3. The Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.4. Some Basic Principles of Hydrology -- 1.5. Terrain Hydrology -- 1.6. Change in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.7. Wastage in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.8. The International Hydrologie Decade -- 1.9. The United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade -- 1.10. Drought, a Disruption in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.11. Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle -- 1.12. The Global Water Balance -- 2. The Atmosphere -- 2.1. Energy in the Atmosphere -- 2.2. Atmospheric Moisture -- 2.3. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrometeorology -- 2.4. Circulation in the Atmosphere -- 2.5. Measurement of Precipitation -- 2.6. Measurement of Evaporation -- 2.7. Gauging of Snow -- 2.8. Atmospheric Water in Soil Erosion -- 2.9. Wind and Pressure -- 2.10. The Earth and its Atmosphere -- 3. Rivers -- 3.1. Rates of Flow and Discharge of Rivers -- 3.2. The Basin Hydrologic Cycle -- 3.3. Basin Morphometry -- 3.4. River Load -- 3.5. River Erosion Studies -- 3.6. The Forms of Channels -- 3.7. Flood Hazards -- 3.8. Water Movement through Soil -- 4. Lakes and other Surface Water Manifestations -- 4.1. General Characteristics of Lakes -- 4.2. Dynamics of Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.3. Leakages from Lakes and Reservoirs -- 4.4. 18O and D Concentrations with Reference to the Water Balance of Lakes -- 4.5. The Total Lake Water Resources of the Earth -- 4.6. Springs -- 4.7. Snow Packs and Glaciers -- 5. The Oceans -- 5.1. Seas and Oceans -- 5.2. Structure of Oceanic Basins -- 5.3. Oceanic Circulation -- 5.4. Other Motions in the Oceans -- 5.5. Coastlines -- 5.6. The Deposits of the Deep Oceans -- 5.7. The History of the Deep Oceans -- 5.8. The Chemistry and Biology of the Seas -- Author Index -- Places Index.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468464849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Mathematical analysis. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Squares, Square Roots, and the Quadratic Formula -- The Definition -- Example: ?67.89 -- The Algorithm -- Example: ?100 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 2 More Functions and Graphs -- Definition: Limits of Sequences -- Example: x3-3x-1=0 -- Finding z3 with another Algorithm -- Finding z3 with Synthetic Division -- Example: 4x3+3x2-2x-1=0 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 3 Limits and Continuity -- Example: ƒ(x)=3x+4 -- Examples: Theorems for Sums and Products -- Examples: Limits of Quotients -- Exercises -- Problems -- 4 Differentiation, Derivatives, and Differentials -- Example: ƒ(x)=x2 -- Example: ƒ(x)=1/x -- Rules for Differentiation -- Derivatives for Polynomials -- Example: The Derivative of ?x -- Differentials -- Example: ?103, Example: ?142.3 -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Composites and Inverses -- Exercises -- Problems -- 5 Maxima, Minima, and the Mean Value Theorem -- Example: A Minimal Fence -- The Mean Value Theorem -- Example: Car Speed -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Exercises -- Problems -- 6 Trigonometric Functions -- Angles -- Trig Functions -- Triangles -- Example: The Derivative for sin x -- Derivatives for Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=x sin x-1 -- Inverse Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=2 arcsin x-3 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 7 Definite Integrals -- Example: ? and the Area of a Disc -- Riemann Sums and the Integral -- Example: The Area under ƒ(x)=x sin x -- Average Values -- Fundamental Theorems -- Trapezoidal Sums -- Example: The Sine Integral -- Exercises -- Problems -- 8 Logarithms and Exponentials -- The Definition of Logarithm -- Example: In 2 -- The Graph of In x -- Exponentials -- Example: A Calculation of e -- Example: Compound Interest and Growth -- Example: Carbon Dating and Decay -- Exercises -- Problems -- 9 Volumes -- Example: The Slab Method for a Cone -- Example: The Slab Method for a Ball -- Example: The Shell Method for a Cone -- Exercises -- Problems -- 10 Curves and Polar Coordinates -- Example: ƒ(x)=2?x -- Example: g(x)=x2/4 -- Example: Parametric Equations and the Exponential Spiral -- Polar Coordinates -- Example: The Spiral of Archimedes -- Exercises -- Problems -- 11 Sequences and Series -- The Definitions -- Example: The Harmonic Series -- Example: p-Series -- Geometric Series -- Example: An Alternating Series -- Example: Estimation of Remainders by Integrals -- Example: Estimation of Remainders for Alternating Series -- Example: Remainders Compared to Geometric Series -- Round-off -- Exercises -- Problems -- 12 Power Series -- The Theorems -- Example: ex -- Taylor Polynomials -- The Remainder Function -- Example: The Calculation of ex -- Example: Alternative Methods for ex -- Exercises -- Problems -- 13 Taylor Series -- Taylor’s Theorem -- Example: In x -- Newton’s Method -- Example: 2x+1= eX -- Example: ƒ(x)=(x-l)/x2 -- Example: Integrating the Sine Integral with Series -- Example: The Fresnel Integral -- The Error in Series Integration -- Example: l/(l-x2) -- Exercises -- Problems -- 14 Differential Equations -- Example: y’=ky and Exponential Growth -- Some Definitions -- Separable Variables -- Example: The Rumor DE -- Example: Series Solution by Computed Coefficients for y’ = 2xy -- Example: Series Solution by Undetermined Coefficients for y’-x-y -- Example: A Stepwise Process -- Exercises -- Problems -- Appendix: Some Calculation Techniques and Machine Tricks -- Invisible Registers -- Program Records -- Rewriting Formulas -- Constant Arithmetic -- Factoring Integers -- Integer Parts and Conversion of Decimals -- Polynomial Evaluation and Synthetic Division -- Taylor Series Evaluation -- Artificial Scientific Notation -- Round-off, Overflow, and Underflow -- Handling Large Exponents -- Machine Damage and Error -- Reference data and Formulas -- Greek Alphabet -- Mathematical Constants -- Conversion of Units -- Algebra -- Geometry -- Ellipse; Center at Origin -- Hyperbola; Center at Origin -- Trigonometric Functions -- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions -- Differentiation -- Integration Formulas -- Indefinite Integrals.
    Abstract: How THIS BOOK DIFFERS This book is about the calculus. What distinguishes it, however, from other books is that it uses the pocket calculator to illustrate the theory. A computation that requires hours of labor when done by hand with tables is quite inappropriate as an example or exercise in a beginning calculus course. But that same computation can become a delicate illustration of the theory when the student does it in seconds on his calculator. t Furthermore, the student's own personal involvement and easy accomplishment give hi~ reassurance and en­ couragement. The machine is like a microscope, and its magnification is a hundred millionfold. We shall be interested in limits, and no stage of numerical approximation proves anything about the limit. However, the derivative of fex) = 67.SgX, for instance, acquires real meaning when a student first appreciates its values as numbers, as limits of 10 100 1000 t A quick example is 1.1 , 1.01 , 1.001 , •••• Another example is t = 0.1, 0.01, in the function e/3t+9-3)/t. ix difference quotients of numbers, rather than as values of a function that is itself the result of abstract manipulation.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Squares, Square Roots, and the Quadratic FormulaThe Definition -- Example: ?67.89 -- The Algorithm -- Example: ?100 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 2 More Functions and Graphs -- Definition: Limits of Sequences -- Example: x3-3x-1=0 -- Finding z3 with another Algorithm -- Finding z3 with Synthetic Division -- Example: 4x3+3x2-2x-1=0 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 3 Limits and Continuity -- Example: ƒ(x)=3x+4 -- Examples: Theorems for Sums and Products -- Examples: Limits of Quotients -- Exercises -- Problems -- 4 Differentiation, Derivatives, and Differentials -- Example: ƒ(x)=x2 -- Example: ƒ(x)=1/x -- Rules for Differentiation -- Derivatives for Polynomials -- Example: The Derivative of ?x -- Differentials -- Example: ?103, Example: ?142.3 -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Composites and Inverses -- Exercises -- Problems -- 5 Maxima, Minima, and the Mean Value Theorem -- Example: A Minimal Fence -- The Mean Value Theorem -- Example: Car Speed -- Example: Painting a Cube -- Exercises -- Problems -- 6 Trigonometric Functions -- Angles -- Trig Functions -- Triangles -- Example: The Derivative for sin x -- Derivatives for Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=x sin x-1 -- Inverse Trig Functions -- Example: ƒ(x)=2 arcsin x-3 -- Exercises -- Problems -- 7 Definite Integrals -- Example: ? and the Area of a Disc -- Riemann Sums and the Integral -- Example: The Area under ƒ(x)=x sin x -- Average Values -- Fundamental Theorems -- Trapezoidal Sums -- Example: The Sine Integral -- Exercises -- Problems -- 8 Logarithms and Exponentials -- The Definition of Logarithm -- Example: In 2 -- The Graph of In x -- Exponentials -- Example: A Calculation of e -- Example: Compound Interest and Growth -- Example: Carbon Dating and Decay -- Exercises -- Problems -- 9 Volumes -- Example: The Slab Method for a Cone -- Example: The Slab Method for a Ball -- Example: The Shell Method for a Cone -- Exercises -- Problems -- 10 Curves and Polar Coordinates -- Example: ƒ(x)=2?x -- Example: g(x)=x2/4 -- Example: Parametric Equations and the Exponential Spiral -- Polar Coordinates -- Example: The Spiral of Archimedes -- Exercises -- Problems -- 11 Sequences and Series -- The Definitions -- Example: The Harmonic Series -- Example: p-Series -- Geometric Series -- Example: An Alternating Series -- Example: Estimation of Remainders by Integrals -- Example: Estimation of Remainders for Alternating Series -- Example: Remainders Compared to Geometric Series -- Round-off -- Exercises -- Problems -- 12 Power Series -- The Theorems -- Example: ex -- Taylor Polynomials -- The Remainder Function -- Example: The Calculation of ex -- Example: Alternative Methods for ex -- Exercises -- Problems -- 13 Taylor Series -- Taylor’s Theorem -- Example: In x -- Newton’s Method -- Example: 2x+1= eX -- Example: ƒ(x)=(x-l)/x2 -- Example: Integrating the Sine Integral with Series -- Example: The Fresnel Integral -- The Error in Series Integration -- Example: l/(l-x2) -- Exercises -- Problems -- 14 Differential Equations -- Example: y’=ky and Exponential Growth -- Some Definitions -- Separable Variables -- Example: The Rumor DE -- Example: Series Solution by Computed Coefficients for y’ = 2xy -- Example: Series Solution by Undetermined Coefficients for y’-x-y -- Example: A Stepwise Process -- Exercises -- Problems -- Appendix: Some Calculation Techniques and Machine Tricks -- Invisible Registers -- Program Records -- Rewriting Formulas -- Constant Arithmetic -- Factoring Integers -- Integer Parts and Conversion of Decimals -- Polynomial Evaluation and Synthetic Division -- Taylor Series Evaluation -- Artificial Scientific Notation -- Round-off, Overflow, and Underflow -- Handling Large Exponents -- Machine Damage and Error -- Reference data and Formulas -- Greek Alphabet -- Mathematical Constants -- Conversion of Units -- Algebra -- Geometry -- Ellipse; Center at Origin -- Hyperbola; Center at Origin -- Trigonometric Functions -- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions -- Differentiation -- Integration Formulas -- Indefinite Integrals.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461571391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 786 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An Overview of Composites -- Section I Raw Materials -- 2 Unsaturated Polyester Resins -- 3 Vinyl Ester Resins -- 4 Polybutadiene Resins -- 5 Epoxy Resins -- 6 High-temperature Resins -- 7 Glass-filled Thermoplastics -- 8 Fiberglass Reinforcement -- 9 High Silica and Quartz -- 10 Boron and Other High-strength, High-modulus, Low-density Filamentary Reinforcing Agents -- 11 Graphite Fibers and Composites -- 12 Aramid Fibers and Composites -- Section II Processing Methods -- 13 Hand Lay-up Techniques -- 14 Bag Molding Processes -- 15 Thermoset Matched Die Molding -- 16 Filament Winding -- 17 Continuous Manufacturing Processes -- 18 Fabrication of Advanced Composites -- 19 Environmental Effects on Properties of Composites -- Section III Design -- 20 Design and Analysis of Advanced Composite Structures -- 21 Sandwich Construction -- 22 Joining and Machining Techniques -- 23 Release Agents -- 24 Testing of Reinforced Plastics -- 25 Nondestructive Test Methods -- Section IV Applications -- 26 Composites in Land Transportation -- 27 Marine Applications -- 28 Aerospace Applications of Composites -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    Abstract: The development of advanced composites, tion. Forecasts indicate that the potential spanning a brief period from inception to usage in automobiles in the early 1990's will application of only 15 to 20 years, epitomizes amount to millions of pounds of advanced the rapidity with which a generation's change composites. in the state-of-the-art can take place. This is in We find ourselves in a peculiar position. marked contrast to past history, in which it The hardware capability is progressing so has usually required 25 years or more of rapidly that the knowledge and familiarity of research before a new structural material was the designer can hardly keep pace. We have an technologically ready. obligation now not just to mature this ad­ In the mid-1950's the U.S. Air Force identi­ vanced technology and its applications, but fied the promise for early application of a new also to communicate the state-of-the-art to the class of materials-advanced composites­ designer in a form in which it can be applied and established its feasibility by the fabrication readily to practical structures. I believe that of raw fiber with exceptional strength- and this book, Handbook of Composites, will modulus-to-weight ratios. The practical fabrica­ clearly provide a portion of this missing link.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9781468441574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I: Background and General Principles -- 1. The Evolution of Regulatory Influences on Research with Human Subjects -- 2. Legal Background of the Institutional Review Board -- 3. General Organization of the IRB -- 4. The Costs of IRB Review -- Section II: The Review Process -- 5. General Principles of IRB Review -- 6. IRB Procedures -- 7. Informed Consent -- 8. Research on Investigational New Drugs -- 9. Research Involving Medical Devices -- 10. Continuing Review of Research -- Section III: Special Problem Areas -- 11. Studies Involving Children -- 12. Research on the Therapy of Cancer -- 13. Surgical Research -- 14. Clinical Trials of New Drugs -- 15. Psychiatric Research -- 16. IRBs and the Regulation of Social Science Research -- Annotated Bibliography -- Appendices -- 1. The Nuremberg Code -- 2. The Declaration of Helsinki -- 6. Statement of Investigator, FD Form 1573 -- 7. Protection of Human Subjects Assurance/Certification/Declaration, HEW-596 -- 8. Application for Approval of a Research Project -- 9. Sample Consent Form -- 10. IRB Reviewer’s Checklist -- 11. Request for an Investigational Drug -- 12. Investigational Drug Fact Sheet -- 13. Research Incident Report -- 14. Research Involving Children -- 15. Research Involving Cancer Patients -- 16. Research Involving Psychiatric Patients -- 17. Research Involving an Experimental Invasive Procedure -- 18. Research Involving an Investigational Medical Device -- 19. Research Involving an Investigational New Drug -- 20. Research Involving an Emotional Assessment Interview with Patients -- 21. Research Involving an Emotional Assessment Interview with Relatives of Patients.
    Abstract: For an increasing number of hospitals and universities the institutional review board (lRB) has become a way of life. Spurred into existence by public outcries about the unethical nature of certain modern scientific experiments, the IRB represents the most visible evidence of institutional commitment to ethical review of clinical research. However, this exponential growth of IRB activities has not occurred without growing pains. Like the Environmental Protection Agency, IRBs have had to develop procedures and standards without a clear consensus as to what would be optimal for science and society. Each IRB has perforce devised its own modus operandi, subject to general principles and guidelines laid down by others but still relatively free to stipulate the details of its functioning. Thus one can applaud the general idea as well as the overall performance of IRBs without asserting that the millenium has arrived. The composition, philosophy, efficiency, responsibilities, and powers of IRBs remain topics suit­ able for debate. It is still possible (and appropriate) for IRB members to worry both about the propriety of their decisions and the personal costs of their service.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475739671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 242 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Services Rendered by Sea Transport to International Trade -- 2 Economics of International Trade -- 3 Economics of Ship Design -- 4 Ship Investment Criteria -- 5 Economics of Ship Operation -- 6 The Freight Market -- 7 Economics of Chartering -- 8 Finance of International Trade -- 9 Combined Transport Operation -- 10 Ship Management -- 11 Shipboard Management -- 12 Role of British and International Shipping Organizations -- 13 Role of other National and International Organizations -- 14 Political Factors -- Appendix A Addresses of Organizations and Institutes Engaged in the Fields of Shipping or International Trade -- Further Recommended Textbook Reading -- Appendix B Ship Diagrams.
    Abstract: BY Sir Frederic Bolton, M.C. Chairman 0/ F. Bolton Group Ltd, Director 0/ Sealink Ltd and a past President o/the General Council 0/ British Shipping The shipping industry has always lacked a body which can confer professional status on would-be practitioners: in that sense, unlike those closely allied to his responsibilities - the marine engineer, the shipowner or manager is obliged to remain an unqualified amateur. The latest addition to Mr Branch's list of titles goes a long way towards correcting this position: a proper study of the material in his book would clearly go far to confer the status of 'complete ship operator' upon anyone who was examined on its contents. Know­ ledge as comprehensive as that acquired through Mr Branch's book must provide a sound base on which to build the experience of practice. Contents Foreword v Pre/ace xi Acknowledgements xiii Diagrams xiv 1 Services Rendered by Sea Transport to International Trade 1 Function 0/ shipping and its relationship to international trade. Balance 0/ trade and balance 0/ payments. Relationship between world seaborne trade and world mercantile fleet. 2 Economics of International Trade 13 Function 0/ international trade. Survey 0/ international trade. Commodity trades. Flow o/manu/actured goods. Multinational companies. Freight /orwarding. Major trading areas o/the world. Pre/erential trading groups. International exchange rates. 3 Economics of Ship Design 31 Influence 0/ cost, construction and sa/ety /actors. Ship design criteria. Economics 0/ ship propulsion.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475703313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Functional Biology — What is It ? -- 1.2 The Invertebrates -- 1.3 The Hiysiological Approach -- 1.4 Physiology and Fitness -- 1.5 The Last Word on Genetics -- 2. Acquisition -- 2.1 Why Feed? -- 2.2 What is Eaten and How? -- 2.3 Detailed Consideration of What Should Be Eaten -- 2.4 How Much to Eat -- 2.5 Gut Form and Function -- 2.6 Digestibility -- 2.7 Movement of Food Through the Gut -- 2.8 Control -- 3. Respiration -- 3.1 Molecular Basis -- 3.2 Oxygen Availability and Uptake -- 3.3 Levels of Metabolism -- 3.4 Routine Metabolism and the Effect of Body Size -- 3.5 Metabolism Associated with Feeding -- 3.6 Active Metabolism -- 3.7 Effect of Temperature -- 4. Excretion -- 4.1 What is It? -- 4.2 The ‘Excretory System’ -- 4.3 Energy Costs and Benefits -- 4.4 Secretions -- 5. Growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Metabolic Basis -- 5.3 Distribution of limited and Unlimited Growth -- 5.4 Cellular Basis -- 5.5 Adaptational Aspects -- 5.6 On When to Stop Growing -- 5.7 Storage as a Special Kind of Growth -- 5.8 Allometric Growth -- 5.9 On Growth and Ageing -- 5.10 On Degrowth and Rejuvenation -- 6. Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sexual Gamete Production, Fertilisation and Early Development -- 63 Marine Life-cycles and the Trade-off Between Egg Size and Numbers -- 6.4 Eggs of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 6.5 The Complex Insect Life-cycle -- 6.6 The Cost of Reproduction For Parental Survival (Iteroparity v. Semelparity) -- 6.7 Reproduction Without Sex -- 7. Integration -- 7.1 Why the Holistic Approach is Important -- 7.2 The Energy Budget as an Integrating Equation -- 7.3 Scope for Growth in Mytilus -- 7.4 Integration Under Temperature Stress -- 7.5 Integration Under Food Stress -- 7.6 Modelling Metabolism -- References -- Glossary of Symbols -- Index of Organisms.
    Abstract: Courses on the invertebrates have two principal aims: (1) to introduce students to the diversity of animal life and (2) to make them aware that organisms are marvellously integrated systems with evolutionary pasts and ecological presents. This text is concerned exclusively with the second aim and assumes that the reader will already know something about the diversity and classification of invertebrates. Concepts of whole-organism function, metabolism and adaptation form the core of the subject-matter and this is also considered in an ecological setting. Hence, the approach is multi-disciplinary, drawing from principles normally restricted to comparative morphology and physiology ,ecology and evolutionary biology. Invertebrate courses, as with all others in a science curriculum, also have another aim - to make students aware of the general methods of science. And these I take to be associated with the so-called hypothetico­ deductive programme. Here, therefore, I make a conscious effort to formulate simple, some might say naive, hypotheses and to confront them with quantitative data from the real world. There are, for example, as many graphs in the book as illustrations of animals. My aim, though, has not been to test out the principles of Darwinism, but rather to sharpen our focus on physiological adaptations, given the assumption that Darwinism is approximately correct. Whether or not I succeed remains for the reader to decide.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 Functional Biology - What is It ? -- 1.2 The Invertebrates -- 1.3 The Hiysiological Approach -- 1.4 Physiology and Fitness -- 1.5 The Last Word on Genetics -- 2. Acquisition -- 2.1 Why Feed? -- 2.2 What is Eaten and How? -- 2.3 Detailed Consideration of What Should Be Eaten -- 2.4 How Much to Eat -- 2.5 Gut Form and Function -- 2.6 Digestibility -- 2.7 Movement of Food Through the Gut -- 2.8 Control -- 3. Respiration -- 3.1 Molecular Basis -- 3.2 Oxygen Availability and Uptake -- 3.3 Levels of Metabolism -- 3.4 Routine Metabolism and the Effect of Body Size -- 3.5 Metabolism Associated with Feeding -- 3.6 Active Metabolism -- 3.7 Effect of Temperature -- 4. Excretion -- 4.1 What is It? -- 4.2 The ‘Excretory System’ -- 4.3 Energy Costs and Benefits -- 4.4 Secretions -- 5. Growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Metabolic Basis -- 5.3 Distribution of limited and Unlimited Growth -- 5.4 Cellular Basis -- 5.5 Adaptational Aspects -- 5.6 On When to Stop Growing -- 5.7 Storage as a Special Kind of Growth -- 5.8 Allometric Growth -- 5.9 On Growth and Ageing -- 5.10 On Degrowth and Rejuvenation -- 6. Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sexual Gamete Production, Fertilisation and Early Development -- 63 Marine Life-cycles and the Trade-off Between Egg Size and Numbers -- 6.4 Eggs of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 6.5 The Complex Insect Life-cycle -- 6.6 The Cost of Reproduction For Parental Survival (Iteroparity v. Semelparity) -- 6.7 Reproduction Without Sex -- 7. Integration -- 7.1 Why the Holistic Approach is Important -- 7.2 The Energy Budget as an Integrating Equation -- 7.3 Scope for Growth in Mytilus -- 7.4 Integration Under Temperature Stress -- 7.5 Integration Under Food Stress -- 7.6 Modelling Metabolism -- References -- Glossary of Symbols -- Index of Organisms.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: List of Contents -- Section I Turnover of Central Neurotransmitters -- 1 The Turnover of Neurotransmitters in the Brain: An Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Catecholamines -- 3 The Turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- 4 The Turnover of Acetylcholine -- 5 The Turnover of Transmitter Amino Acids,With Special Reference to GABA -- 6 The Turnover of Peptides -- Section II Application of Turnover Studies to Specific Problems -- Differences in Dopamine Metabolism in Rat Striatum andOlfactory Tubercle -- Changes in Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover inducedby Acute and Chronic Inhibition of the Re-uptake Process -- Tail Pinch Induced Gnawing: Voltammetric and BehaviouralEffects of Fenfluramine -- Analysis of CSF Amine Metabolites and Precursorsincluding Tryptophan, 5HIAA and HVA by HPLC using Fluorescence and Electrochemical Detection in Primates: Effects of Probenecid -- Species Differences in the Acetylation of [3H]Cholinein Cortical Slices -- The Effects of GABA Uptake Inhibitors including 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid on GABA Metabolism in vivo -- Concomitant Determination of Endogenous Release of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Rat Brain Slices and Synaptosomes.
    Abstract: The concept of chemical transmission in the central nervous system has taken some time to be generally accepted, but an increasing number of compounds are now being recognized as hav­ ing a transmitter role in the brain. The acetylcholine system was the first to be discovered in the periphery and its charac­ teristic features of storage of transmitter in vesicles in the nerve terminal, its electrically-evoked release and rapid extra­ neuronal breakdown were considered to be necessary criteria for any neurotransmitter candidate. The subsequent elucidation of the noradrenergic system made it apparent that rapid enzymatic breakdown was not essential for a released transmitter, and the possibility of high-affinity re-uptake processes became establ­ ished as an alternative means of terminating the synaptic actions of a transmitter. With the eventual acceptance of the amino acids as excitat­ ory or inhibitory transmitters, the requirement for a transmit­ ter to be present in a low concentration overall (although locally concentrated in specific terminals) also had to be discarded. This necessitated the additional concept of specif­ ic metabolic pools with different functions being located in different cells or within different regions of the same cell. Some localization of glutamate and aspartate remote from excit­ able membranes is clearly essential since their overall brain concentrations would be sufficient to maximally depolarize the majority of neurones in the brain. The concept of separate metabolic pools has been supported by stUdies on turnover rate (see Chapter 5).
    Description / Table of Contents: List of ContentsSection I Turnover of Central Neurotransmitters -- 1 The Turnover of Neurotransmitters in the Brain: An Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Catecholamines -- 3 The Turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- 4 The Turnover of Acetylcholine -- 5 The Turnover of Transmitter Amino Acids,With Special Reference to GABA -- 6 The Turnover of Peptides -- Section II Application of Turnover Studies to Specific Problems -- Differences in Dopamine Metabolism in Rat Striatum andOlfactory Tubercle -- Changes in Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover inducedby Acute and Chronic Inhibition of the Re-uptake Process -- Tail Pinch Induced Gnawing: Voltammetric and BehaviouralEffects of Fenfluramine -- Analysis of CSF Amine Metabolites and Precursorsincluding Tryptophan, 5HIAA and HVA by HPLC using Fluorescence and Electrochemical Detection in Primates: Effects of Probenecid -- Species Differences in the Acetylation of [3H]Cholinein Cortical Slices -- The Effects of GABA Uptake Inhibitors including 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid on GABA Metabolism in vivo -- Concomitant Determination of Endogenous Release of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Rat Brain Slices and Synaptosomes.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Games -- Anyone for Twopins? -- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician -- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem -- A Kriegspiel Endgame -- Mental Poker -- Cheap, Middling, or Dear -- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More -- Geometry -- Wreaths of Tangent Circles -- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out -- Flexing Surfaces -- Planting Trees -- Slicing It Thin -- How Did Pappus Do It? -- Two-Dimensional Tiling -- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles -- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles -- In Praise of Amateurs -- Some Problems on Plane Tiling -- Angels and Devils -- Three-Dimensional Tiling -- Packing Problems and Inequalities -- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face? -- Packing Handed Pentacubes -- My Life Among the Polyominoes -- Fun and Problems -- Disappearances -- Noneuclidean Harmony -- Magic Cuboctahedrons -- Games, Graphs, and Galleries -- Probing the Rotating Table -- Numbers and Coding Theory -- Supernatural Numbers -- The Graph Theorists Who Count—and What They Count -- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
    Abstract: -~- T he articles in this book are dedicated to Martin Gardner, the world's greatest expositor and popularizer of mathematics. While our papers are confined to this single subject, Gardner's interests and accomplishments have a wide range of subjects. Hence, we have entitled the book the Mathematical Gardner, and would like to see other volumes such as the Magical, the Literary, the Philosophical, or the Scientific Gardner accompany it. Of course, our title is also an appropriate pun, for Martin Gardner's relationship to the mathematical community is similar to a gardener's relationship to a beautiful flower garden. The contributors to this volume comprise only a small part of a large body of mathematicians whose work has been nurtured by its exposition in "Mathematical Games"; Martin's column which appears every month in Scientific American. More than just a mathematical journalist, Martin connects his readers by passing along problems and information and stimulating creative activity. Thus, he is a force behind the scenes as well as a public figure. Two people were particularly helpful in putting this book together.
    Description / Table of Contents: GamesAnyone for Twopins? -- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician -- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem -- A Kriegspiel Endgame -- Mental Poker -- Cheap, Middling, or Dear -- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More -- Geometry -- Wreaths of Tangent Circles -- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out -- Flexing Surfaces -- Planting Trees -- Slicing It Thin -- How Did Pappus Do It? -- Two-Dimensional Tiling -- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles -- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles -- In Praise of Amateurs -- Some Problems on Plane Tiling -- Angels and Devils -- Three-Dimensional Tiling -- Packing Problems and Inequalities -- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face? -- Packing Handed Pentacubes -- My Life Among the Polyominoes -- Fun and Problems -- Disappearances -- Noneuclidean Harmony -- Magic Cuboctahedrons -- Games, Graphs, and Galleries -- Probing the Rotating Table -- Numbers and Coding Theory -- Supernatural Numbers -- The Graph Theorists Who Count-and What They Count -- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461332312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 · The Child Dying in the Hospital -- Discussion -- 2 · Care of the Dying Child at Home -- Discussion -- 3 · The Bereaved Parent -- Discussion -- 4 · Where Was God? The Legitimacy of Religious Anger -- Discussion -- 5 · The Clergyman’s Role in Grief Counseling -- 6 · Care in Chronic Fatal Genetic Disease -- Discussion (papers of Grollman and Milunsky) -- 7 · Explaining Death to Children -- 8 · Coping with Suicide in the Family -- Discussion -- 9 · Treating the Person Confronting Death -- 10 · Ethics and the Care of the Child with Terminal Illness -- Discussion -- 11 · Kids Are People Too, Sometimes: Parents vs. Children -- Discussion -- 12 · Coping with Handicap: Searching for the Boundaries -- Discussion -- 13 · Helping Parents Cope with a Profoundly Mentally Retarded Child -- 14 · The Involvement of Siblings of Children with Handicaps -- Discussion (papers of Challela and Crocker) -- 15 · Reaching Autistic Children: Strategies for Parents and Helping Professionals -- Discussion -- 16 · Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals -- Discussion -- 17 · A Little Bit of Awkward: Children and Their Disabled Peers -- 18 · Teaching Teachers to Cope -- 19 · Coping Strategies of Children and Their Families -- Discussion (papers of Brightman, O’Connor, and Cahners) -- 20 · Law and the Handicapped -- 21 · Societal Perspectives: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Discussion (papers of Beyer and Dybwad) -- Selected Recent Bibliography -- Children and Death, Books, Chapters, Television Programs (1973–1978) -- Children and Death, Journal Articles (1973–1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Books (1973–1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Journal Articles (1973–1978) -- Death, Suicide, and Chronic Illness, Journal Articles (1972–1979) -- Autism and Burns, Journal Articles (1974–1979).
    Abstract: For over 20 years I have accepted the challenge and had the privilege of caring for sick children, agonizing with their parents during periods of serious illness, which were sometimes fatal. Because of my particular interest in and concern about birth defects and genetic disease, many of these children had severe disabling handicaps, which were often genetic and included mental retardation. Hence care of these children and their families was often complicated by the presence of serious or profound genetic defects. The initial realization of the nature of the disorder invariably led to emotional . difficulties and inevitably later spawned chronic distress. For some children inexorable deterioration led to untimely deaths, while the parents agonized over their handi­ capped, chronically ill, or defective-but nevertheless loved---.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 · The Child Dying in the HospitalDiscussion -- 2 · Care of the Dying Child at Home -- Discussion -- 3 · The Bereaved Parent -- Discussion -- 4 · Where Was God? The Legitimacy of Religious Anger -- Discussion -- 5 · The Clergyman’s Role in Grief Counseling -- 6 · Care in Chronic Fatal Genetic Disease -- Discussion (papers of Grollman and Milunsky) -- 7 · Explaining Death to Children -- 8 · Coping with Suicide in the Family -- Discussion -- 9 · Treating the Person Confronting Death -- 10 · Ethics and the Care of the Child with Terminal Illness -- Discussion -- 11 · Kids Are People Too, Sometimes: Parents vs. Children -- Discussion -- 12 · Coping with Handicap: Searching for the Boundaries -- Discussion -- 13 · Helping Parents Cope with a Profoundly Mentally Retarded Child -- 14 · The Involvement of Siblings of Children with Handicaps -- Discussion (papers of Challela and Crocker) -- 15 · Reaching Autistic Children: Strategies for Parents and Helping Professionals -- Discussion -- 16 · Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals -- Discussion -- 17 · A Little Bit of Awkward: Children and Their Disabled Peers -- 18 · Teaching Teachers to Cope -- 19 · Coping Strategies of Children and Their Families -- Discussion (papers of Brightman, O’Connor, and Cahners) -- 20 · Law and the Handicapped -- 21 · Societal Perspectives: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Discussion (papers of Beyer and Dybwad) -- Selected Recent Bibliography -- Children and Death, Books, Chapters, Television Programs (1973-1978) -- Children and Death, Journal Articles (1973-1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Books (1973-1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Journal Articles (1973-1978) -- Death, Suicide, and Chronic Illness, Journal Articles (1972-1979) -- Autism and Burns, Journal Articles (1974-1979).
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461565529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 563 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- 1 A Survey on Biological Rhythms -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis -- 4 Mathematical Models -- II Daily Rhythms -- 5 Circadian Systems: General Perspective -- 6 Freerunning and Entrained Circadian Rhythms -- 7 Circadian Systems: Entrainment -- 8 Behavioral Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 9 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythmicity in Invertebrates -- 10 Genetics and Development of Circadian Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 11 Vertebrate Behavioral Rhythms -- 12 Internal Temporal Order -- 13 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythms in the Vertebrates -- 14 Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms -- 15 Adaptive Daily Strategies in Behavior -- 16 Clock-Controlled Orientation in Space -- 17 The Circadian System of Man -- 18 Rhythms in Performance -- III Tidal, Lunar, and Annual Rhythms -- 19 Tidal and Lunar Rhythms -- 20 Annual Rhythms: Perspective -- 21 Circannual Systems -- 22 Insect Photoperiodism -- 23 Photoperiodism in Vertebrates -- 24 Annual Rhythms in Man -- IV Rhythms Not Directly Related to Environmental Cycles -- 25 Short-Term Rhythms in Activity -- 26 Temporal Characteristics of Sleep -- 27 Cyclic Function of the Mammalian Ovary.
    Abstract: Interest in biological rhythms has been traced back more than 2,500]ears to Archilochus, the Greek poet, who in one of his fragments suggests ",,(i,,(VWO'KE o'olos pv{}J.tos txv{}pW7rOVS ~XH" (recognize what rhythm governs man) (Aschoff, 1974). Reference can also be made to the French student of medicine J. J. Virey who, in his thesis of 1814, used for the first time the expression "horloge vivante" (living clock) to describe daily rhythms and to D. C. W. Hufeland (1779) who called the 24-hour period the unit of our natural chronology. However, it was not until the 1930s that real progress was made in the analysis of biological rhythms; and Erwin Bunning was encouraged to publish the first, and still not outdated, monograph in the field in 1958. Two years later, in the middle of exciting discoveries, we took a breather at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Biological Clocks. Its survey on rules considered valid at that time, and Pittendrigh's anticipating view on the temporal organization of living systems, made it a milestone on our way from a more formalistic description of biological rhythms to the understanding of their structural and physiological basis.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Introduction1 A Survey on Biological Rhythms -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis -- 4 Mathematical Models -- II Daily Rhythms -- 5 Circadian Systems: General Perspective -- 6 Freerunning and Entrained Circadian Rhythms -- 7 Circadian Systems: Entrainment -- 8 Behavioral Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 9 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythmicity in Invertebrates -- 10 Genetics and Development of Circadian Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 11 Vertebrate Behavioral Rhythms -- 12 Internal Temporal Order -- 13 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythms in the Vertebrates -- 14 Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms -- 15 Adaptive Daily Strategies in Behavior -- 16 Clock-Controlled Orientation in Space -- 17 The Circadian System of Man -- 18 Rhythms in Performance -- III Tidal, Lunar, and Annual Rhythms -- 19 Tidal and Lunar Rhythms -- 20 Annual Rhythms: Perspective -- 21 Circannual Systems -- 22 Insect Photoperiodism -- 23 Photoperiodism in Vertebrates -- 24 Annual Rhythms in Man -- IV Rhythms Not Directly Related to Environmental Cycles -- 25 Short-Term Rhythms in Activity -- 26 Temporal Characteristics of Sleep -- 27 Cyclic Function of the Mammalian Ovary.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Foundations -- 1. Multidimensional Contingency Tables -- 2. Guidelines for Analysis -- 3. Contingency Table Analysis: The WLS Approach -- II: Simple Applications of the WLS Approach -- 4. One Response and Two Factor Variables -- 5. Interaction Among Factor Variables -- 6. Mean Scores -- 7. Log-Linear Models -- III: Advanced Applications of the WLS Approach -- 8. Multiple Response Functions -- 9. Rank Correlation Methods -- 10. Rank Choice Analysis -- 11. Follow-Up Life Table Analysis -- 12. Selected WLS Literature -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Matrix Notation -- Matrix Definitions -- Matrix Arithmetic -- The Inverse Matrix -- System of Linear Equations—Scalar Presentation -- System of Linear Equations—Matrix Presentation -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix B: The Linear Model -- Traditional Approach to ANOVA -- Linear Model Approach to ANOVA -- Coding Methods -- Testing Hypotheses -- Two-Way ANOVA -- Interaction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix C: Table of Chi-Square Values -- Appendix D: The GENCAT Computer Program -- An Overview of GENCAT -- Entering the Data to GENCAT -- Left-Hand Side of the Equation -- Right-Hand Side of the Equation -- Testing Individual Hypotheses -- Summary of Major Input to GENCAT -- GENCAT Input and Output for Chapter 4 -- References.
    Abstract: The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for analyses of health and public affairs program data. Governments at the federal and state levels have stimulated, if not mandated, much of this increased de­ mand and spawned numerous not-for-profit and quasi-public organizations­ research groups, lobbying organizations, consulting firms-who actively use analytic techniques. Program analysis is a broad term that encompasses activities such as pro­ gram planning and prediction, program assessment, and program evaluation. Though purposes differ and techniques vary, the common denominator for all applications is the attempt to use quantitative techniques to provide compre­ hensive and objective analyses. Program analysis in public health and public affairs shares another common feature: In many cases the data collected for these applications are categorical in nature-that is, discrete information rep­ resented by categories. Whether a defendant in a criminal trial is convicted (yes, no), the number of times a person visits a community health center in a month (0,1,2,3, ... ), how a person feels about a proposed program (agree, disagree, not sure, no opinion)-these are examples of categorical data. This book describes a multivariate categorical data analysis technique­ the weighted-least-squares (WLS) approach developed by Grizzle, Starmer, and Koch (GSK)-applied to program analysis in health and public affairs. It is written for in-service professionals who desire an introduction to applied cate­ gorical data analysis and for preservice students who are studying quantitative methods.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Foundations1. Multidimensional Contingency Tables -- 2. Guidelines for Analysis -- 3. Contingency Table Analysis: The WLS Approach -- II: Simple Applications of the WLS Approach -- 4. One Response and Two Factor Variables -- 5. Interaction Among Factor Variables -- 6. Mean Scores -- 7. Log-Linear Models -- III: Advanced Applications of the WLS Approach -- 8. Multiple Response Functions -- 9. Rank Correlation Methods -- 10. Rank Choice Analysis -- 11. Follow-Up Life Table Analysis -- 12. Selected WLS Literature -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Matrix Notation -- Matrix Definitions -- Matrix Arithmetic -- The Inverse Matrix -- System of Linear Equations-Scalar Presentation -- System of Linear Equations-Matrix Presentation -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix B: The Linear Model -- Traditional Approach to ANOVA -- Linear Model Approach to ANOVA -- Coding Methods -- Testing Hypotheses -- Two-Way ANOVA -- Interaction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix C: Table of Chi-Square Values -- Appendix D: The GENCAT Computer Program -- An Overview of GENCAT -- Entering the Data to GENCAT -- Left-Hand Side of the Equation -- Right-Hand Side of the Equation -- Testing Individual Hypotheses -- Summary of Major Input to GENCAT -- GENCAT Input and Output for Chapter 4 -- References.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468436143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 1342 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Drug Abuse Treatment: General -- 2 Treatment: Therapeutic Communities -- 3 Alcoholism -- 4 Women and Children -- 5 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Narcotic Antagonists in Treatment -- 6 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Laam in Treatment -- 7 General Pharmacology -- 8 Evaluation of treatment Outcome -- 9 Medical and Psychiatric Aspects.
    Abstract: The 1978 National Drug Abuse Conference held in Seattle marked the beginning of the second decade of these conferences and their predecessor National Methadone Conferences. They began as small conferences devoted to understanding the problems and promises in­ herent in methadone maintenance treatment of opiate-dependent pa­ tients. The first conference was held about a decade ago in New York City at the Rockefeller University. The attendees consisted of a small group of invited clinicians, administrators, and research workers. Over the years the conferences have increased in both breadth and depth of their coverage. On a national scale this conference alone considered the issues of alcoholism, opiate dependence, polydrug abuse, and all other forms of substance abuse. The thousands attending each of the conferences came from all walks of life within our field. Lawyers, physicians, and basic and applied research scientists met and interacted with counselors, administrators, government officials, ex-addicts, con­ trolled alcoholics, and others with serious interest in this field. Only at this conference was it possible to attend presentations con­ cerning the newest findings of a cellular, molecular, and chemical basis on one day and participate in discussions of problems of dis­ advantaged minorities, women, and clinicians on the next day. It was uniquely possible to meet with government officials and question them publicly, as well as in individual private conversations at this conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Drug Abuse Treatment: General2 Treatment: Therapeutic Communities -- 3 Alcoholism -- 4 Women and Children -- 5 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Narcotic Antagonists in Treatment -- 6 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Laam in Treatment -- 7 General Pharmacology -- 8 Evaluation of treatment Outcome -- 9 Medical and Psychiatric Aspects.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9781468438727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Anodic Protection of Metals—A Technique Whose Time Has Come -- Many Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.
    Abstract: The objectives of this book are to give technical information about anodic pro­ tection, explain how economic analyses are made to determine whether or not it should be used, and describe some of the applications and equipment. Lim­ itations of the technique will be pointed out. Technological changes that have resulted in higher temperatures, pres­ sures, and velocities increase corrosion rates and markedly influence materials selection and design decisions. Continuous cycle systems impose increased demands on system reliability. New processes require more sophisticated equipment made of costlier metals which are often in short supply and subject to the vagaries of international commerce. The impact of continuing inflation influences decisions related to capital expenditures and maintenance costs. Some problems caused by these considerations can be solved, or solutions simplified, by the use of anodic protection. Technical and scientific information is presented on applications to industrial equipment, economics, design and installation, operation and maintenance, electrochemical principles, laboratory tests and procedures. A historical summary, patent list, glossary of terms, and a subject index are included. It is important to acknowledge that much of the information has been from the original work of others, including the publications of many friends.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Anodic Protection of Metals-A Technique Whose Time Has ComeMany Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461333890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Wheels and tyres -- 2 Springs -- 3 Suspension principles -- 4 Suspension geometry -- 5 Conventional systems -- 6 Road-holding -- 7 Dampers -- 8 Pneumatic suspensions -- 9 Hydropneumatic suspensions -- 10 Interconnected and no-roll suspensions -- 11 A small FWD saloon car: Ford Fiesta S -- 12 A high-performance sports car: Porsche 928.
    Abstract: This book is an introduction to the elementary technology of automobile suspensions. Inevitably steering geometry must be included in the text, since the dynamic steering behaviour, road-holding and cornering behaviour are all influenced by the suspension design. Steering mechanisms and steering components are not covered in this book. This is not a mathematical treatise, but only a fool or a genius would attempt to design a motor vehicle without mathematics. The mathematics used in this book should present no problem to a first-year university student. SI units have been used in general, but for the benefit of those not familiar with them we have included in brackets, in many cases, the equivalent values in Imperial units. Many engineers regard the Pascal as an impractical unit of pressure. The author has therefore expressed pressures in bars (1 bar = 105Pa). A deviation from SI units is the use of degrees and minutes, instead of radians, to express camber, castor, roll angles, etc. This is still common practice in the motor industry. No attempt has been made to make any stress calculations on suspension components. The automobile engineering student will have access to other textbooks on such subjects as strength of materials and theory of structures.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Wheels and tyres2 Springs -- 3 Suspension principles -- 4 Suspension geometry -- 5 Conventional systems -- 6 Road-holding -- 7 Dampers -- 8 Pneumatic suspensions -- 9 Hydropneumatic suspensions -- 10 Interconnected and no-roll suspensions -- 11 A small FWD saloon car: Ford Fiesta S -- 12 A high-performance sports car: Porsche 928.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781475702200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLIV, 1041 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Minorities and Special Needs -- 2 Rural & Urban Issues -- 3 Prevention -- 4 Training, Education, and Credentialinc -- 5 Vocational Rehabilitation -- 6 Managerial & Administrative Issues -- 7 Sociology of Drug Abuse -- 8 Public Policy -- 9 Miscellaneous.
    Abstract: Determination and treatment of the unique needs of each addicted individual is a prerequisite to rehabilitation. General descriptions of large subgroups of the addicted population may only serve to iden­ tify issues pertinent to treatment and global treatment needs. How­ ever, specification of services needed is a first step in incorpora­ ting these in treatment. Clearly, women in treatment need many ser­ vices which, currently, are not typically available and may be criti­ cal for successful treatment of many of these women. REFERENCES Anderson, M. 1977. Medical needs of addicted women and men and the implications for treatment: focus on women. WDR report #4. Nat. Inst. Drug Abuse. Special Treatment Projects Section, Services Research Branch, Div. Resource Development. Blinick, G. 1971. Fertility of narcotics addicts and effects of ad­ diction on the offspring. Soc. BioI. l8(Supplement): 34. Blumer, H. et al. 1967. The World of Youthful Drug Use. Berkeley, California: Univ. of Calif. Doyle, K. and Levy, S. 1975. The female client: How treated in drug abuse programs. Paper presented at Annual Meeting, Am. Psychol. Assoc., Chicago, Illinois. Edwards, H., Johnston, M., and Simon, W. 1976. The incidence and prevalence of drug use among adults in Illinois. Report: Insti­ tute for Juvenile Research, Dept. Mental Health, Chicago, Ill. Eldred, C. and Washington, M. 1976. Interpersonal relationships in heroin use by men and women and their role in treatment outcome. Int. J. Add. 11: 117.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9781461331681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Clinical Correlates in Nutritional Disease -- 1. Fetal Growth -- 2. Postnatal Growth -- 3. References -- Clinical Significance of Riboflavin Deficiency -- 1. Structure and Chemical-Physical Properties -- 2. Metabolism and Functions -- 3. Requirements -- 4. Assessment of Riboflavin Status -- 5. Occurrence of Riboflavin Deficiency -- 6. Causes of Deficiency -- 7. Effects of Riboflavin Deficiency -- 8. References -- Role of Vitamin C in Health and Disease -- 1. Synthesis -- 2. Catabolism -- 3. Physiology -- 4. Recommended Daily Allowances -- 5. Toxic Effects of Large Vitamin C Intake -- 6. Vitamin C Deficiency -- 7. Methods of Assessing Vitamin C Adequacy -- 8. References -- Vitamin A and Retinol Binding Protein Alterations in Disease -- 1. Vitamin A Chemistry, Metabolism and function -- 2. Retinol Binding Proteins -- 3. Vitamin A and Retinol Binding Proteins in Cancer -- 4. References -- Vitamin D - Its Excessive Use in the U.S.A. -- 1. History of Development of Knowledge of Vitamin D Requirements -- 2. Vitamin D Concentration in Foods -- 3. Absorption, Turnover and Storage of Vitamin D -- 4. Toxicity of Excess Vitamin D -- 5. References -- The Clinical Implications of Lipid Antioxidant Nutrition -- 1. Background -- 2. Vitamin E as a Free Radical Trap -- 3. Vitamin E Deficiency and Anemias -- 4. Vitamin E Insufficiency in the Adult -- 5. Relationship of Vitamin E Dietary Levels to Vitamin E Concentration -- 6. Forms of Vitamin E and Their Biologic Activity -- 7. The Measurement of Serum Vitamin E Concentrations -- 8. Liver Necrosis, Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiencies -- 9. References -- Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid: Clinical and Pathophysiological Considerations -- 1. Historical Aspects -- 2. Characteristics of Megaloblastic Anemias -- 3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency -- 4. Folic Acid Deficiency -- 5. Inborn Errors of Metabolism Resulting in Megaloblastic Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia in Children -- 6. References -- Trace Metals in Health and Disease -- 1. Chromium -- 2. Cobalt -- 3. Copper -- 4. Fluorine -- 5. Iodine -- 6. Iron -- 7. Manganese -- 8. Molybdenum -- 9. Nickel -- 10. Silicon -- 11. Selenium -- 12. Tin -- 13. Vanadium -- 14. Zinc -- 15. References -- Role of Specific Nutritional Components on Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins and Coronary Heart Disease -- 1. Coronary Heart Disease -- 2. Effects of Specific Nutritional Substances on Serum Lipid Concentrations -- 3. Nutritional Modification for the Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Dyslipoproteinemia -- 4. Role of the Physician, Clinical Biochemist, and Dietician in Dietary Management -- 5. References -- Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia: the Prudent Polyunsaturated Fat Diet -- 1. Rationale of the Diet Parameters -- 2. Development of the Therapeutic Diet -- 3. Practical Considerations -- 4. Modifications of the Prudent Polyunsaturated Fat Diet -- 5. Patient Adherence -- 6. Summary and Sample Menus -- 7. References -- Effects of Hypoproteinemia on Serum Lipoprotein Composition of Dogs and Rats -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. References -- Dietary Fiber and Disease -- 1. Atherosclerosis -- 2. Colon Carcinogenesis -- 3. Diabetes Mellitus -- 4. References -- Some Manifestations of Malabsorption in Disease -- 1. Review of Assimilation of Nutrients -- 2. Abnormalities Associated with Malabsorption -- 3. Activity of Intestinal Microflora -- 4. References -- Amino Acids in Health and Disease -- 1. Protein Requirements -- 2. Factors Affecting Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations -- 3. References -- Aminograms in Various Types of Liver Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials -- 3. Methods -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. References -- The Role of Erythrocyte Amino Acids in Energy Metabolism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Utilization of Amino Acids by the Liver and Kidney for Gluconeogenesis -- 3. Transport of Amino Acids for Gluconeogenesis -- 4. References -- Contributors.
    Abstract: The important role that the nutritional status exerts in determining the course of life from birth to death in the human being and especially its impact in disease states is only par­ tially appreciated at this time. Nutritional deficiencies are usually considered to be major problems only in under-privileged or developing populations, except for those occurring in specific diseases. This attitude is incorrect as indicated by reports of Bestrian et al (1974, 1976) and Merritt and Suskin (1979) and others who found evidence of nutritional depletion in as much as 50% of the patients in varied groups of hospitalized patients in the United States. Other studies, some of which are included in this book, emphasized the existence of deficiencies of certain specific nutrients. Despite evidence of nutritional deficiencies occurring more frequently than previously appreciated, there is no well established protocol of laboratory studies that the clinical chemist or scientist should provide to help the physician detect lack of essential nutrients before extensive and possibly irreparable damage has occurred to the individual patient. Considerable research data are needed to determine the best biologic material (i.e., erythrocytes, leucocytes, plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph) for analysis to determine accurately at an early stage metabolic deficiencies due to a specific nutritional element. Improved techniques for analysis of key metabolites and nutrients are available in the research labora­ tory and many of them can be adapted to the clinical laboratory.
    Description / Table of Contents: Clinical Correlates in Nutritional Disease1. Fetal Growth -- 2. Postnatal Growth -- 3. References -- Clinical Significance of Riboflavin Deficiency -- 1. Structure and Chemical-Physical Properties -- 2. Metabolism and Functions -- 3. Requirements -- 4. Assessment of Riboflavin Status -- 5. Occurrence of Riboflavin Deficiency -- 6. Causes of Deficiency -- 7. Effects of Riboflavin Deficiency -- 8. References -- Role of Vitamin C in Health and Disease -- 1. Synthesis -- 2. Catabolism -- 3. Physiology -- 4. Recommended Daily Allowances -- 5. Toxic Effects of Large Vitamin C Intake -- 6. Vitamin C Deficiency -- 7. Methods of Assessing Vitamin C Adequacy -- 8. References -- Vitamin A and Retinol Binding Protein Alterations in Disease -- 1. Vitamin A Chemistry, Metabolism and function -- 2. Retinol Binding Proteins -- 3. Vitamin A and Retinol Binding Proteins in Cancer -- 4. References -- Vitamin D - Its Excessive Use in the U.S.A. -- 1. History of Development of Knowledge of Vitamin D Requirements -- 2. Vitamin D Concentration in Foods -- 3. Absorption, Turnover and Storage of Vitamin D -- 4. Toxicity of Excess Vitamin D -- 5. References -- The Clinical Implications of Lipid Antioxidant Nutrition -- 1. Background -- 2. Vitamin E as a Free Radical Trap -- 3. Vitamin E Deficiency and Anemias -- 4. Vitamin E Insufficiency in the Adult -- 5. Relationship of Vitamin E Dietary Levels to Vitamin E Concentration -- 6. Forms of Vitamin E and Their Biologic Activity -- 7. The Measurement of Serum Vitamin E Concentrations -- 8. Liver Necrosis, Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiencies -- 9. References -- Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid: Clinical and Pathophysiological Considerations -- 1. Historical Aspects -- 2. Characteristics of Megaloblastic Anemias -- 3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency -- 4. Folic Acid Deficiency -- 5. Inborn Errors of Metabolism Resulting in Megaloblastic Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia in Children -- 6. References -- Trace Metals in Health and Disease -- 1. Chromium -- 2. Cobalt -- 3. Copper -- 4. Fluorine -- 5. Iodine -- 6. Iron -- 7. Manganese -- 8. Molybdenum -- 9. Nickel -- 10. Silicon -- 11. Selenium -- 12. Tin -- 13. Vanadium -- 14. Zinc -- 15. References -- Role of Specific Nutritional Components on Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins and Coronary Heart Disease -- 1. Coronary Heart Disease -- 2. Effects of Specific Nutritional Substances on Serum Lipid Concentrations -- 3. Nutritional Modification for the Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Dyslipoproteinemia -- 4. Role of the Physician, Clinical Biochemist, and Dietician in Dietary Management -- 5. References -- Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia: the Prudent Polyunsaturated Fat Diet -- 1. Rationale of the Diet Parameters -- 2. Development of the Therapeutic Diet -- 3. Practical Considerations -- 4. Modifications of the Prudent Polyunsaturated Fat Diet -- 5. Patient Adherence -- 6. Summary and Sample Menus -- 7. References -- Effects of Hypoproteinemia on Serum Lipoprotein Composition of Dogs and Rats -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. References -- Dietary Fiber and Disease -- 1. Atherosclerosis -- 2. Colon Carcinogenesis -- 3. Diabetes Mellitus -- 4. References -- Some Manifestations of Malabsorption in Disease -- 1. Review of Assimilation of Nutrients -- 2. Abnormalities Associated with Malabsorption -- 3. Activity of Intestinal Microflora -- 4. References -- Amino Acids in Health and Disease -- 1. Protein Requirements -- 2. Factors Affecting Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations -- 3. References -- Aminograms in Various Types of Liver Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials -- 3. Methods -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. References -- The Role of Erythrocyte Amino Acids in Energy Metabolism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Utilization of Amino Acids by the Liver and Kidney for Gluconeogenesis -- 3. Transport of Amino Acids for Gluconeogenesis -- 4. References -- Contributors.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9781475757859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 293 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Aerospace Engineering -- 2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communicatiohs Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 24 (thesis year 1979) a total of 10,033 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 215 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 24 reports these submitted in 1979, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Aerospace Engineering2. Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering -- 3. Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning -- 4. Astronomy -- 5. Astrophysics -- 6. Ceramic Engineering -- 7. Chemical Engineering -- 8. Chemistry and Biochemistry -- 9. Civil Engineering -- 10. Communicatiohs Engineering and Computer Science -- 11. Cryogenic Engineering -- 12. Electrical Engineering -- 13. Engineering Mechanics -- 14. Engineering Physics -- 15. Engineering Science -- 16. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution -- 17. General and Environmental Engineering -- 18. Geochemistry and Soil Science -- 19. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering -- 20. Geology and Earth Science -- 21. Geophysics -- 22. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research -- 23. Irrigation Engineering -- 24. Marine and Ocean Engineering -- 25. Materials Science and Engineering -- 26. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering -- 27. Metallurgy -- 28. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science -- 29. Mineralogy and Petrology -- 30. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering -- 31. Missile and Space Systems Engineering -- 32. Nuclear Engineering -- 33. Nuclear Physics -- 34. Nuclear Science -- 35. Oceanography and Marine Science -- 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering -- 37. Photogrammetric and Geodetic Engineering -- 38. Physics and Biophysics -- 39. Plastics Engineering -- 40. Wood Technology, Forestry, and Forest Science -- 41. Reactor Science -- 42. Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources -- 43. Textile Technology -- 44. Transportation Engineering -- Theses without Specification of School or Department.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468437492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 485 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Keynote Paper -- Session I. Enzyme Production -- Session II. Enzymes and Energy Transduction -- Session III: Biomass Conversion -- Session IV: Biomedical and Analytical Applications of Enzymes and Antibodies -- Session V: Large-Scale Transformations Using Bound Enzymes -- Session VI: Immobilized Cells and Organelles -- Session VII: Bound Enzymes and the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: Enzyme technology continues to maintain a high degree of interest both in the academic and industrial communities. Since the last Enzyme Engineering Conference held in Bad Neuenahr, Federal Republic of Germany, two years ago, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the study and application of immobilized whole cells and organelles. This new emphasis has been reflected in the number of presentations directed to this area. The Fifth International Enzyme Engineering Conference was held in Henniker, New Hampshire, July 29 to August 3, 1979. The organizers of this conference are especially grateful for the generous support received from a number of industrial organizations. The conference was attended by 183 participants representing over 22 countries making this truly an international conference. During this conference, emphasis was placed on a wide variety of areas including: enzyme production, energy transduction, co­ factor modification, biomass conversion, immobilized enzymes, cells and organelles, and enzymatic synthesis of chemicals and pharma­ ceuticals. This volume contains most of the presentations and posters presented at the Fifth Conference. The names of the session co­ chairmen, workshop chairmen, committee members and sponsoring organizations are included as an appreciation of their efforts in making this a successful conference. The preparation of this volume was carried out by the editors including editing and proofing of the individual manuscripts and the final copy of this volume. The editors are indebted to Ms. S.
    Description / Table of Contents: Keynote PaperSession I. Enzyme Production -- Session II. Enzymes and Energy Transduction -- Session III: Biomass Conversion -- Session IV: Biomedical and Analytical Applications of Enzymes and Antibodies -- Session V: Large-Scale Transformations Using Bound Enzymes -- Session VI: Immobilized Cells and Organelles -- Session VII: Bound Enzymes and the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals -- List of Participants.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468476248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Physics, Energy and Natural Resources -- Development of Nuclear Energy in the Third World --Needs and Constraints -- Status and Prospects of Nuclear Power -- Nuclear Waste Characteristics -- Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources: Methodological Issues -- Nuclear Fusion: Present State and Future Prospects -- Appropriate Technology Approach to Solar Energy Conversion -- On Energy Systems -- II: Physics and Technology -- Photovoltaics -- Amorphous Materials -- Selection of Suitable Metallic Materials for Nuclear Power Reactors -- III: Physics and Computers -- Current Trends in. Programming -- Information Retrieval Systems -- Numerical Study on Flow in Natural Draught Cooling Tower -- Temporal Development of the Plane Poiseuille Turbulence -- IV: Physics and Frontiers of Knowledge -- Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy by Electron Impact Excitation -- Experimental Tests of General Relativity: Past, Present and Future -- Recent Trends in Particle Physics -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
    Abstract: These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Fourth International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 16 - July 4, 1979 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organised by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP), Italy. It also received a financial grant from the University Grants Commi­ ssion for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 16 lecturers and invited seminar speakers. It was attended by 186 participants from 28 coun­ tries and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered at Nathiagali but the seminars held there are listed in the Appendix. This year the college put special emphasis on various energy systems, including their long term implications, and computer software. However, the lectures delivered at the college also covered a wide spectrum of physics. The series of the colleges of which the present college is the fourth one are an attempt to remove the barrier of isolation for the physicists working in developing coun­ tries, far removed from active centres of research. Thus these colleges could help to fill the important gap in communication between the physicists of developing and advanced countries.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Physics, Energy and Natural ResourcesDevelopment of Nuclear Energy in the Third World --Needs and Constraints -- Status and Prospects of Nuclear Power -- Nuclear Waste Characteristics -- Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources: Methodological Issues -- Nuclear Fusion: Present State and Future Prospects -- Appropriate Technology Approach to Solar Energy Conversion -- On Energy Systems -- II: Physics and Technology -- Photovoltaics -- Amorphous Materials -- Selection of Suitable Metallic Materials for Nuclear Power Reactors -- III: Physics and Computers -- Current Trends in. Programming -- Information Retrieval Systems -- Numerical Study on Flow in Natural Draught Cooling Tower -- Temporal Development of the Plane Poiseuille Turbulence -- IV: Physics and Frontiers of Knowledge -- Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy by Electron Impact Excitation -- Experimental Tests of General Relativity: Past, Present and Future -- Recent Trends in Particle Physics -- Appendix I: List of Seminars -- Appendix II: List of Participants.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468420739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Perception—Information Uptake of the Mind -- 1 The biology of perception -- 2 Perception of electromagnetic waves: vision -- 3 Perception of mechanical vibrations: hearing -- 4 Perception of the mechanics of body position -- 5 Senses of indefinite classification: cutaneous and chemical receptors -- 6 Interoception —sensory function without perception -- II The Energetics of Mental Processes: The Waking State, Sleep, Attention, and Consciousness -- 7 Alert neurons in the brain-waking and attention -- 8 The sleeping brain -- 9 The conscious state and the unconscious -- III The Experience of the Mind: Learning and Memory -- 10 Contiguity of cerebral processes: learning -- 11 The other aspect of cerebral plasticity: the fixing and storing of information -- Further Readings.
    Abstract: The interdisciplinary approach so popular today is more than a matter of fashion. It is, in fact, a reflection of the recognition that a good many areas once considered ade­ quately treated by one or the other of the traditional disciplines straddle the boundaries of several. Interdisciplinary research then is, by definition, a coop­ erative venture by several autonomous branches of science into areas incompletely accessible to anyone of them. By stimulating cooperation among several related disciplines, such research may serve to enrich each of them; but, on the other hand, the existence of these border areas occa­ sionally serves as Ii, pretext for postponing the solution of seemingly insurmountable problems. Brain research seems to have become such a border area of science. The fortress of classical psychology is being assaulted before our very eyes, its peripheral and even its more integral areas being invaded by physiology, morphol­ ogy, physics, and chemistry. Neurophysiology, too, has ceased to be an autonomous and self-governing field, and has come increasingly to rely on the help proffered by gen­ eral psychology, epistemology, and logic, as well as exact sciences such as mathematics and physics. These border assaults have undoubtedly been beneficial for all involved. 9 Within the traditional boundaries of their stuffy principles most classical disciplines are today facing a methodological and epistemological crisis. The breaching of their walls may at least hold out some hope of a renaissance.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Perception-Information Uptake of the Mind1 The biology of perception -- 2 Perception of electromagnetic waves: vision -- 3 Perception of mechanical vibrations: hearing -- 4 Perception of the mechanics of body position -- 5 Senses of indefinite classification: cutaneous and chemical receptors -- 6 Interoception -sensory function without perception -- II The Energetics of Mental Processes: The Waking State, Sleep, Attention, and Consciousness -- 7 Alert neurons in the brain-waking and attention -- 8 The sleeping brain -- 9 The conscious state and the unconscious -- III The Experience of the Mind: Learning and Memory -- 10 Contiguity of cerebral processes: learning -- 11 The other aspect of cerebral plasticity: the fixing and storing of information -- Further Readings.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468469912
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. The Approaching Energy Disaster -- 1. What Is Energy? -- 2. What Part Does Energy Play in Our Lives? -- 3. How Do We Get Our Energy Right Now? -- 4. Shall We Run Out of Energy in Our Time? -- 5. How Long Does It Take to Develop and Build Up a New Technology? -- II. Alternatives: What Could Replace Our Exhausting Fuels? -- 6. The Dream of Cheap, Clean Atomic Energy -- 7. Fission Reactors-What Can Go Wrong -- 8. Dreaming About the Future: Abundant Clean Energy from Atomic Fusion -- 9. The Most Available Energy Source: The Sun -- 10. Converting Solar Energy to Useful Fuel -- 11. Household Energy from the Sun -- 12. Transport and Industry Run On Electricity and Hydrogen -- 13. Tides, Geothermal Heat, and the Big Winds -- 14. Energy Storage and Transmission -- III. The Hydrogen Economy -- 15. Methods of Mass-Producing Hydrogen -- 16. The Storage of Abundant Clean Energy -- 17. Beyond the Hydrogen Economy: Some Futuristic Ideas -- IV. Extrascientific Considerations -- 18. The Politics of Survival -- 19. Answers.
    Abstract: The Three Mile Island accident, the periodic occurrence of long gas lines until sufficient price increases are achieved, our dependence on foreign powers for a large fraction of our energy supply, and continual controversy in our government and concerned public groups all point to the real pre­ sence of an energy crisis. Even the government has finally publicly acknow­ ledged the fact that our present fuel sources will run out soon enough to be of concern to us now. This knowledge should raise many questions in the minds of our citizens. When will our sources run out, or at least become too expensive to afford? What could replace them, and which alternatives are best? When we hear about these matters in the news media, we get many contradictory opinions, mainly concerning coal and nuclear energy. Most of us realize that the reintroduction of coal on a massive scale would give rise to considerable pollution difficulties. Many people are also waking to an awareness of the dangers of nuclear reactors. When we turn to scientists for answers, we find that each one seems to advise us that a single path to new energy sources is the best-of course, each scientist tends to advise his own path.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Approaching Energy Disaster1. What Is Energy? -- 2. What Part Does Energy Play in Our Lives? -- 3. How Do We Get Our Energy Right Now? -- 4. Shall We Run Out of Energy in Our Time? -- 5. How Long Does It Take to Develop and Build Up a New Technology? -- II. Alternatives: What Could Replace Our Exhausting Fuels? -- 6. The Dream of Cheap, Clean Atomic Energy -- 7. Fission Reactors-What Can Go Wrong -- 8. Dreaming About the Future: Abundant Clean Energy from Atomic Fusion -- 9. The Most Available Energy Source: The Sun -- 10. Converting Solar Energy to Useful Fuel -- 11. Household Energy from the Sun -- 12. Transport and Industry Run On Electricity and Hydrogen -- 13. Tides, Geothermal Heat, and the Big Winds -- 14. Energy Storage and Transmission -- III. The Hydrogen Economy -- 15. Methods of Mass-Producing Hydrogen -- 16. The Storage of Abundant Clean Energy -- 17. Beyond the Hydrogen Economy: Some Futuristic Ideas -- IV. Extrascientific Considerations -- 18. The Politics of Survival -- 19. Answers.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9781468472578
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Vertebrates -- There are Different Kinds of Retinal Light Damage in the Rat -- Hormonal Influences on Retinal Photodamage -- Alterations in Muscle and Retinal Cell Structure after Exposure to Light -- The Effects of Constant Light on Visually Guided Behavior -- Neurophysiological Properties of Visual Neurons in Rats with Light Damaged Retinas -- A Parametric Study of Retinal Light Damage in Albino and Pigmented Rats -- The Nature of Chronic Light Damage to the Retina -- Light Damage in Dystrophic and Normal Rats -- Prolonged Intense Spectral Light Effects on Rhesus Retina -- II: Invertebrates -- Photoreceptor Membrane Turnover in Arthropods: Comparative Studies of Breakdown Processes and Their Implications -- Light and a Circadian Clock Modulate Structure and Function in Limulus Photoreceptors -- Turnover of Photoreceptor Membrane in the Larval Mosquito Ocellus: Rhabdomeric Coated Vesicles and Organelles of the Vacuolar System -- Visual Pigment Regeneration Rate and Susceptibility to Photic Damage -- III: Selected Topics -- In Vitro Effects of Light on the Regeneration of Rhodopsin -- Solar Retinopathy as a Function of Wavelength: Its Significance for Protective Eyewear -- In Vivo Density of Cone Pigments after Repeated Complete Bleaches -- IV: Molecular Aspects of Photoreceptor Physiology -- Eye Pigmentation and Constant Light Damage in the Rat Retina -- Membrane Turnover in Rod Outer Segments: Changing Patterns of Shedding after Extended Periods of Constant Light and Darkness -- Damaging Effects of Constant Light and Darkness on the Retina of the Frog -- Light and Membrane Biogenesis in Rod Photoreceptors of Vertebrates -- Aspects of Choline Metabolism in Photoreceptor Cells -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: " ... And the evening and the morning were the third day ... And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night ... And the evening and the morning were the fourth day." The First Book of Moses, called Genesis (1: 13,16,19). There was daytime and nighttime before there was a sun or a moon. An interesting thought: How long were each of those first three days? Without a sun to reckon its length, a day could have been longer or shorter than 24 hours. Animals, says Genesis, appeared on the fifth day and by that time the sun and moon were illuminating the earth, presumably in cyclic fashion and with a period of 24 hours. A good thing, too, as readers of this monograph will as­ certain. The papers collected into this volume are written versions of 45 minute talks given at a symposium on "The Effects of Constant Light on Visual Processes", held at The Florida State University in Tallahassee on April 25-27, 1979. The conference was supported by the Psychobiology Program and handled, logistically, by the Center for Professional Development and Public Services. It was recognized that limitations on time and funds made prohibitive the invitation of others who may be doing interesting and related work. But, our earnest hope is that what is compiled here is a good blend of "true" light-damage and "relevant related" work.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: VertebratesThere are Different Kinds of Retinal Light Damage in the Rat -- Hormonal Influences on Retinal Photodamage -- Alterations in Muscle and Retinal Cell Structure after Exposure to Light -- The Effects of Constant Light on Visually Guided Behavior -- Neurophysiological Properties of Visual Neurons in Rats with Light Damaged Retinas -- A Parametric Study of Retinal Light Damage in Albino and Pigmented Rats -- The Nature of Chronic Light Damage to the Retina -- Light Damage in Dystrophic and Normal Rats -- Prolonged Intense Spectral Light Effects on Rhesus Retina -- II: Invertebrates -- Photoreceptor Membrane Turnover in Arthropods: Comparative Studies of Breakdown Processes and Their Implications -- Light and a Circadian Clock Modulate Structure and Function in Limulus Photoreceptors -- Turnover of Photoreceptor Membrane in the Larval Mosquito Ocellus: Rhabdomeric Coated Vesicles and Organelles of the Vacuolar System -- Visual Pigment Regeneration Rate and Susceptibility to Photic Damage -- III: Selected Topics -- In Vitro Effects of Light on the Regeneration of Rhodopsin -- Solar Retinopathy as a Function of Wavelength: Its Significance for Protective Eyewear -- In Vivo Density of Cone Pigments after Repeated Complete Bleaches -- IV: Molecular Aspects of Photoreceptor Physiology -- Eye Pigmentation and Constant Light Damage in the Rat Retina -- Membrane Turnover in Rod Outer Segments: Changing Patterns of Shedding after Extended Periods of Constant Light and Darkness -- Damaging Effects of Constant Light and Darkness on the Retina of the Frog -- Light and Membrane Biogenesis in Rod Photoreceptors of Vertebrates -- Aspects of Choline Metabolism in Photoreceptor Cells -- List of Contributors.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9781468437195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. General Problems of Enzyme Engineering -- Stabilization and Reactivation of Enzymes -- Theory of Reliability and Kinetics of Inactivation of Biocatalytical Systems -- II. Carbohydrate Conversions with Enzymes -- Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose: Present State of the Art and Potential -- Immobilized Amyloglucosidase: Preparation, Properties, and Application for Starch Hydrolysis -- Substrate Stabilization of Soluble and Immobilized Glucoamylase against Heating -- III. Biomedical Possibilities of Enzyme Engineering -- Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Stabilization and Modification for use in Therapy -- Modification of Trypsin Pancreatic Inhibitor by Polysaccharides for Prolongation of Therapeutic Effect -- Enzymatic Modification of ?-Lactam Antibiotics: Problems and Perspectives -- Modification of Enzymes with Water Soluble Polymers -- Immobilized Enzymes and Other Materials for the Study of Mammalian Cell Surfaces -- IV. Enzyme Engineering in Energy Transfer, Photography, and Fine Chemical Processing -- Microorganisms as Hydrogen and Hydrogenase Producers -- Spatially Structured Enzyme Support Arrangements in Electrochemical Systems -- Application of Immobilized Enzyme Systems in Nonsilver Photography -- Immobilized Enzymes: A Breakthrough in Fine Chemicals Processing -- Problems of Efficiency and Optimization in Enzyme Engineering -- V. Enzymes in Food and Nutrition -- Novel Enzymatic Production of L-Malic Acid as an Alternative Acidulant to Citric Acid -- Application of Plant Phenol Oxidases in Biotechnological Processes -- Immobilized Enzymes in Nutritional Applications -- VI. Future Prospects -- Impact of Enzyme Engineering on Science Policy -- Some Thoughts on the Future -- Adresses of Authors.
    Abstract: The Soviet Union has had an active research and development program in the study and applica­ tion of soluble and immobilized enzymes since about 1970. Therefore, it was a natural conse­ quence that an international conference should be held in the Soviet Union to focus on some of the developments that may lead to new and exciting practical applications of enzymatic catalysts in a variety of areas, especially carbohydrate con­ versions, medicine, energy transduction, and photochemistry. The International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study, with its goal of focusing international scientific and technological exper­ tise on world problems, also has been very active in the area of enzyme engineering, with a major effort during 1972-1977 in several of the sub­ areas covered in this volume. The conference was held June 20-24, 1978 in the city of Tbilisi in the Georgian SSR of the USSR, under the title "The Future of Enzyme En­ gineering Development." The participants expressed a high sense of gratitude to the State Committee for Science and Technology and especially to the Georgian Academy of Sciences for their hospitality. The services of the Soviet linguists in providing simultaneous translation between Russian and English, and the brass band that played for the departing participants at the Tbilisi airport helped to make both the scientific and cultural parts of the conference memorable.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. General Problems of Enzyme EngineeringStabilization and Reactivation of Enzymes -- Theory of Reliability and Kinetics of Inactivation of Biocatalytical Systems -- II. Carbohydrate Conversions with Enzymes -- Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose: Present State of the Art and Potential -- Immobilized Amyloglucosidase: Preparation, Properties, and Application for Starch Hydrolysis -- Substrate Stabilization of Soluble and Immobilized Glucoamylase against Heating -- III. Biomedical Possibilities of Enzyme Engineering -- Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Stabilization and Modification for use in Therapy -- Modification of Trypsin Pancreatic Inhibitor by Polysaccharides for Prolongation of Therapeutic Effect -- Enzymatic Modification of ?-Lactam Antibiotics: Problems and Perspectives -- Modification of Enzymes with Water Soluble Polymers -- Immobilized Enzymes and Other Materials for the Study of Mammalian Cell Surfaces -- IV. Enzyme Engineering in Energy Transfer, Photography, and Fine Chemical Processing -- Microorganisms as Hydrogen and Hydrogenase Producers -- Spatially Structured Enzyme Support Arrangements in Electrochemical Systems -- Application of Immobilized Enzyme Systems in Nonsilver Photography -- Immobilized Enzymes: A Breakthrough in Fine Chemicals Processing -- Problems of Efficiency and Optimization in Enzyme Engineering -- V. Enzymes in Food and Nutrition -- Novel Enzymatic Production of L-Malic Acid as an Alternative Acidulant to Citric Acid -- Application of Plant Phenol Oxidases in Biotechnological Processes -- Immobilized Enzymes in Nutritional Applications -- VI. Future Prospects -- Impact of Enzyme Engineering on Science Policy -- Some Thoughts on the Future -- Adresses of Authors.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468414493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Construction industry ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Basics of Contracting -- 2 Management Functions, Problems, And Types Of Organization -- 3 Building An Organization -- 4 Bid Strategy -- 5 Construction Contracts -- 6 Arranging for Financing -- 7 Construction Financing -- 8 Surety Bonds -- 9 Equipment Maintenance and Repair -- 10 Methods of Deciding Overhaul or Replacement -- 11 Charges for Use of Equipment -- 12 Purchasing, Expediting, Traffic, and Transportation 178 -- 13 Functions and Organization of Contractor’s Engineering Section -- 14 Cost Estimating for Lump-Sum and Unit-Price Contracts -- 15 Estimating Other than Firm-Price Contracts -- 16 Cost Controls, Relation, and Coordination With Engineering and Accounting -- 17 Networking Techniques for Project Planning, Scheduling, and Control -- 18 Use of Computers In Contractor’s Engineering Organization -- 19 Computer Capabilities in Construction Management -- 20 Office Administration: Headquarters and Field -- 21 Corporate and Cost Accounting -- 22 Payroll Procedures -- 23 Employment Practices and Records -- 24 Labor Relations and Their Effect on Employment Procedures -- 25 Safety Procedures and Practices -- 26 Public Relations for Contractors -- 27 Legal and Contractual Problems -- 28 Taxes -- 29 Contractors’ Industrial Insurance -- 30 group insurance plans -- 31 Fundamental Concepts Underlying Pension Plan Financing and Costs -- 32 Contractural Relations, Disputes, Claims, and Contact Settlements.
    Abstract: The primary purpose of this handbook is to make available to general contractors, consulting engineers, construction managers, specialty contractors, and subcontractors, as well as to professors and students in Universities and technical institutes which offer courses on the subject, the fundamentals of construction management together with the most workable types of organization, and the necessary capabilities they must include to reasonably ensure success and minimize the possibility of failure in this most hazardous profession. The second and equally important purpose is to furnish equipment manufacturers, dealers, material suppliers, bankers, surety bondsmen, and others, who traditionally rely on financial statements and general reputation, something more concrete to look for-the type of management and organization, and its scope and capability-in deciding how far to go along with contractors with whom they deal or wish to deal. This, the second edition of the Handbook, is an updated version of the work published in 1973. The book covers very many subjects which are part of construction. The greatest care was exercised in consideration of their practical aspects based on the theory and practice of construction management and its structure, and the functions of the various departments, both in the field and central offices, that make up construction organization. Leading specialists in their particular fields were selected to write chapters on the vital segments making up the structure of construction management and organization. These fields include construction contracts and conditions, job organization by general types of projects, equipment maintenance and preventive maintenance and overhaul, engineering and estimating, scheduling and controls, data processing and the use of computer equipment in engineering and accounting techniques, office administration, corporate and cost accounting, payroll, employment and labor relations, safety, public relations, legal and contractural problems, banking and finance, taxes, surety bonding, insurance, pension and retirement problems and others.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Basics of Contracting2 Management Functions, Problems, And Types Of Organization -- 3 Building An Organization -- 4 Bid Strategy -- 5 Construction Contracts -- 6 Arranging for Financing -- 7 Construction Financing -- 8 Surety Bonds -- 9 Equipment Maintenance and Repair -- 10 Methods of Deciding Overhaul or Replacement -- 11 Charges for Use of Equipment -- 12 Purchasing, Expediting, Traffic, and Transportation 178 -- 13 Functions and Organization of Contractor’s Engineering Section -- 14 Cost Estimating for Lump-Sum and Unit-Price Contracts -- 15 Estimating Other than Firm-Price Contracts -- 16 Cost Controls, Relation, and Coordination With Engineering and Accounting -- 17 Networking Techniques for Project Planning, Scheduling, and Control -- 18 Use of Computers In Contractor’s Engineering Organization -- 19 Computer Capabilities in Construction Management -- 20 Office Administration: Headquarters and Field -- 21 Corporate and Cost Accounting -- 22 Payroll Procedures -- 23 Employment Practices and Records -- 24 Labor Relations and Their Effect on Employment Procedures -- 25 Safety Procedures and Practices -- 26 Public Relations for Contractors -- 27 Legal and Contractual Problems -- 28 Taxes -- 29 Contractors’ Industrial Insurance -- 30 group insurance plans -- 31 Fundamental Concepts Underlying Pension Plan Financing and Costs -- 32 Contractural Relations, Disputes, Claims, and Contact Settlements.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468436419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 316 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Photosynthetic Phosphorylation by Chloroplasts of Higher Plants -- 2. Membrane Models for Circadian Rhythms -- 3. Fluorescent Probes in the Study of Nucleic Acids and Chromatin in Living Cells -- 4. Cross-Linking of Proteins to Nucleic Acids by Ultraviolet Light -- 5. Photobiochemistry in the Dark -- 6. Hypericism -- 7. Immunologic Effects of UV Radiation and Their Role in Photocarcinogenesis -- 8. Immunological Detection of Radiation Damage in DNA.
    Abstract: The goals of the science of photobiology can be divided into four categories: to develop (I) ways to optimize the beneficial effects of light on man and his environment, (2) methods to protect organisms, including man, from the detrimental effects of light, (3) photochemical tools for use in studies of life processes, and (4) photochemical therapies in medicine. To achieve these goals will require the knowledgeable collaboration of biologists, chemists, engineers, mathematicians, physicians, and physicists; because photobiology is a truly multidisciplinary science. While a multidis­ ciplinary science is more intellectually demanding, it also has a greater potential for unexpected breakthroughs that can occur when data from several areas of science are integrated into new concepts for theoretical or practical use. Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews continues to provide in­ depth coverage of the many specialty areas of photobiology. It is hoped that these reviews will provide an important service to the younger scientists in the field and to senior scientists in related fields, because they provide a ready access to the recent literature in the field, and more importantly, they frequently offer a critical evaluation of the direction that the field is taking, or suggest a redirection when appropriate. Since it is important that this review series remain responsive to the needs of photochemists and photobiologists, the Editor would value com­ ments and suggestions from its readers.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461333807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: General Monographs, Alphabetically Arranged and Consisting of Methods for Quantitative Determination of the Substance, its Salts, and Preparations of Which it is a Principal Con- Stituent -- Synthetic Organic Compounds, Methods for Determination of Substances not Included in the General Monographs -- Essential Oils -- Oils, Fats and Waxes -- Appendices -- I. Determination of Alcohol Content -- II. Complexometric Titrations -- III. Non-aqueous Titrations -- IV. The Oxygen-Flask Combustion Technique -- V. Determination of Water -- VI. Extraneous Matter in Food and Drugs -- VII. Microbiological Assays -- VIII. Tests for Sterility -- IX. Pyrogen Testing -- X. Interpretation of Analytical Results -- XI. Destruction of Organic Matter -- XII. Extraction of Organic Chemicals from Viscera, etc. -- XIII. Electrometric Titrations -- XIV. Flame Photometry -- XV. Gas Chromatography -- XVI. Infra-Red Spectroscopy -- XVII. The Elimination of Emulsions -- XVIII. Lane and Eynon Sugar Titration Tables -- XIX. Hinton and Macara Chloramine Sucrose Corrections -- XX. Specific Gravity of Aqueous Glycerol -- XXI. International Atomic Weights, 1961 -- XXII. Weights and Measures, Conversion Tables -- General Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Monographs, Alphabetically Arranged and Consisting of Methods for Quantitative Determination of the Substance, its Salts, and Preparations of Which it is a Principal Con- StituentSynthetic Organic Compounds, Methods for Determination of Substances not Included in the General Monographs -- Essential Oils -- Oils, Fats and Waxes -- Appendices -- I. Determination of Alcohol Content -- II. Complexometric Titrations -- III. Non-aqueous Titrations -- IV. The Oxygen-Flask Combustion Technique -- V. Determination of Water -- VI. Extraneous Matter in Food and Drugs -- VII. Microbiological Assays -- VIII. Tests for Sterility -- IX. Pyrogen Testing -- X. Interpretation of Analytical Results -- XI. Destruction of Organic Matter -- XII. Extraction of Organic Chemicals from Viscera, etc. -- XIII. Electrometric Titrations -- XIV. Flame Photometry -- XV. Gas Chromatography -- XVI. Infra-Red Spectroscopy -- XVII. The Elimination of Emulsions -- XVIII. Lane and Eynon Sugar Titration Tables -- XIX. Hinton and Macara Chloramine Sucrose Corrections -- XX. Specific Gravity of Aqueous Glycerol -- XXI. International Atomic Weights, 1961 -- XXII. Weights and Measures, Conversion Tables -- General Index.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475702149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Theoretical Considerations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simple Theoretical Models for Magnetic Interactions with Biological Units -- 3. Basic Concepts Related to Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Susceptibility -- 4. The Vector Character of Field and Gradient and Its Possible Implications for Biomagnetic Experiments and Space Travel -- 5. Rotational Diffusion in a Magnetic Field and Its Possible Magnetobiological Implications -- 6. Distortion of the Bond Angle in a Magnetic Field and Its Possible Magnetobiological Implications -- 7. A Possible Effect of the Magnetic Field Upon the Genetic Code -- II. Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on Specimens in vivo -- 1. Development of Young Mice -- 2. Rejection of Transplanted Tumors in Mice -- 3. Hematological Changes in Mice -- 4. Reduction of Irradiation Mortality Through Pretreatment -- 5. Lifespan Increase of Tumor-Bearing Mice Through Pretreatment -- 6. Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration -- 7. Effect on Drosophila melanogaster and S-37 Tumor Cells; Postulates for Magnetic Field Interactions -- 8. Magnetotropism -- 9. Plant Growth Responses -- 10. Effects on the Central Nervous System -- 11. Survival of Animals in Magnetic Fields of 140,000 Oe -- III. Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on Specimens in vitro -- 1. Tissue Respiration -- 2. Agglutination of Human Erythrocytes -- 3. Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Fields of High Paramagnetic Strength -- 4. Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Homogeneous Fields -- 5. Increase of Trypsin Activity -- 6. Magnetic Reactivation of Partially Inhibited Trypsin -- IV. Effects of Very Weak Magnetic Fields -- 1. Responses of Planarians and Snails -- 2. Actions of a Very Weak Magnetic Gradient. The Reflex of the Dowser -- 3. Proposed Mechanisms for the Navigation of Migrating Birds -- V. Bibliography and Indexes -- Bibliography of the Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields -- About the Authors.
    Abstract: Study of the biological effect of magnetic fields is both a very old and a very recent area of investigation. A connection between health and the mysterious force of the lodestone has been suspected since the dawn of human culture. Nevertheless, only during the last decades has reliable evidence of biological effects of the magnetic field been dis­ covered. The purpose of this book is to bring together in one volume the present-day knowledge in all the active fields of biomagnetic research and at the same time to provide a theoretical and practical background to all scientists who wish to engage in investigations in this new disci­ pline. The need for such a comprehensive survey of current informa­ tion became evident to the editor from the interest manifested in the biomagnetic symposia and from the extended correspondence maintained by the Biomagnetic Research Foundation. It is hoped that the book will aid in attracting the interest of specialists and may thus serve as a catalyst for interdisciplinary exchange of ideas.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Theoretical Considerations1. Introduction -- 2. Simple Theoretical Models for Magnetic Interactions with Biological Units -- 3. Basic Concepts Related to Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Susceptibility -- 4. The Vector Character of Field and Gradient and Its Possible Implications for Biomagnetic Experiments and Space Travel -- 5. Rotational Diffusion in a Magnetic Field and Its Possible Magnetobiological Implications -- 6. Distortion of the Bond Angle in a Magnetic Field and Its Possible Magnetobiological Implications -- 7. A Possible Effect of the Magnetic Field Upon the Genetic Code -- II. Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on Specimens in vivo -- 1. Development of Young Mice -- 2. Rejection of Transplanted Tumors in Mice -- 3. Hematological Changes in Mice -- 4. Reduction of Irradiation Mortality Through Pretreatment -- 5. Lifespan Increase of Tumor-Bearing Mice Through Pretreatment -- 6. Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration -- 7. Effect on Drosophila melanogaster and S-37 Tumor Cells; Postulates for Magnetic Field Interactions -- 8. Magnetotropism -- 9. Plant Growth Responses -- 10. Effects on the Central Nervous System -- 11. Survival of Animals in Magnetic Fields of 140,000 Oe -- III. Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on Specimens in vitro -- 1. Tissue Respiration -- 2. Agglutination of Human Erythrocytes -- 3. Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Fields of High Paramagnetic Strength -- 4. Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Homogeneous Fields -- 5. Increase of Trypsin Activity -- 6. Magnetic Reactivation of Partially Inhibited Trypsin -- IV. Effects of Very Weak Magnetic Fields -- 1. Responses of Planarians and Snails -- 2. Actions of a Very Weak Magnetic Gradient. The Reflex of the Dowser -- 3. Proposed Mechanisms for the Navigation of Migrating Birds -- V. Bibliography and Indexes -- Bibliography of the Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields -- About the Authors.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489957238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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