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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (105)
  • 1990-1994  (105)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (105)
  • History  (74)
  • Philosophy.  (35)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (105)
  • BSZ  (2)
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Language
Years
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Criminology ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: When thinking about justified criminalization - whether some action may morally be made a criminal offense - philosophers tend to rely upon `balancing'. Arguments favoring and opposing criminalization are `weighed' on a simple beam balance; the `weightier' reasons prevail. Jonathan Schonsheck argues that this methodology is deeply flawed; among other infirmities, it fosters the neglect of items essential to a defensible decision. He urges the adoption of `filtering' - a multi-step procedure which directs one to discuss the moral authority of the state, to consider measures less coercive than a criminal statute, and to investigate the pragmatic consequences of criminalization. This procedure, he argues, imposes a structure on disputes which facilitates philosophical progress. `Filtering' is then applied to an array of public policy issues, including laws which require the use of automobile seat belts and motorcycle helmets, and laws which prohibit the use of certain psychoactive substances (`drugs'). Additionally, the book addresses a number of more theoretical issues in the philosophy of the criminal law. Throughout, it engages the work of leading philosophers: Derek Parfit, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard J. Arneson, and especially Joel Feinberg
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401583114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 614 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401733915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 150
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 150
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences contains a series of explorations of the different ways in which the social sciences have interacted with the natural sciences. Usually, such interactions are considered to go only `one way': from the natural to the social sciences. But there are several important essays in this volume which show how developments in the social sciences have affected the natural sciences - even the `hard' science of physics. Other essays deal with various types of interaction since the Scientific Revolution. In his general introductory chapter, Cohen sets some general themes concerning analogies and homologies and the use of metaphors, drawing specific examples from the use of concepts of physics by marginalist economists and of developments in the life sciences by organismic sociologists. The remaining chapters, which explore the different ways in which the social sciences and the natural sciences have actually interacted, are written by leaders in the field of history of science, drawn from a wide range of countries and disciplines. The book will be of great interest to all historians of science, philosophers interested in questions of methodology, economists and sociologists, and all social scientists concerned with the history of their subject and its foundations
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401735964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 460 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 151
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 151
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: The discussions of theoretical issues involved in the history of science have not received sufficient attention. This volume is a contribution to this ongoing discussion and deals with many such issues in the historiography of science, concentrating mainly on what is known as the internalist approach. The topics include ancient Greek mathematics during the Enlightenment, the physical sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as discussions of the relationship between history and philosophy of science. Both beginners in the fields of history and/or philosophy of science as well as scholars who have been already working in these fields will read the articles with pleasure and profit
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789401109123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 138
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 138
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jewish Christians and Christian Jews
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Jewish Christians Europe ; History ; Christianity and other religions Judaism ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity ; Europe Church history ; Christianity Related to ; Judaism ; History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Judentum ; Christentum ; Geschichte 1450-1800 ; Judentum ; Christentum ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The appearance of religious toleration combined with the intensification of the search for theological truth led to a unique phenomenon in early modern Europe: Jewish Christians and Christian Jews. These essays will demonstrate that the cross-fertilization of these two religions, which for so long had a tradition of hostility towards each other, not only affected developments within the two groups but in many ways foreshadowed the emergence of the Enlightenment and the evolution of modern religious freedom
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first systematic examination of the contemporary and prior connections between technological progress and pessimism over the future. If the hallmark of the Enlightenment was a firm belief in technology as a principal instrument of universal progress, the hallmark of postmodernism may well be skepticism, even despair, over technology's role in shaping our world. This book incorporates the perspectives of historians, political scientists, philosophers, and literary scholars to illuminate the origins, evolution, and influence of technological pessimism and to evaluate its long-term prospects. The volume should appeal to specialists in technology studies and the history of ideas but also to general readers concerned with these dilemmas of technological progress
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401110969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 150 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This book argues that we would be very foolish to abandon the sense of justice that lies at the core of the social democratic approach to political life. The book challenges the view that the liberal tradition is best characterised by its embrace of key values, such as freedom, autonomy, self-realistation, and with the importance accorded to the virtue of tolerance. A competing social democratic/Rawlsian understanding of liberalism is presented and compared with major rival ideological orientations on both the left and the right of the political spectrum. By reviewing a variety of opinions by writers who are critical of liberalism, as well as debates within the tradition itself, the author shows that: (a) writers to the left of liberalism offer no feasible alternative that offers guidance in dealing with the problems we must face in modern societies; (b) writers to the right on the political spectrum often postulate circumstances in which justice towards individuals need no longer be regarded as an issue. As he shows, both these orientations will lead to a crisis of legitimacy in modern circumstances and this may tempt communities to abandon democracy in order to secure order. The book may be used in most courses on political philosophy and ideology
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401582872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 145 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book presents the New Theory of Argumentation, popularly known as the New Rhetoric, as an innovative theoretical and methodological system which will become increasingly important. Two factors determine the importance of this philosophy: (1) The collapse of all modern ideologies, many sociopolitical systems and their associated philosophies, whether of the right or the left, means that the era of the quick, dogmatic perception of how to force people to feel free and happy is over. (2) New forms and institutions of social and economic life must be found among the wreckage. The solutions sought must work best for the greatest number of people and must be flexible enough to allow the reinterpretation of all our determinations, from the very beginning. The New Rhetoric rejects all absolutist and dogmatic ideas. But neither does it support absolute relativism. It constitutes a method for the endless search for truthful explanations and for enlightened practical activity. Truth is only the process of approaching it. While critical of formal logic, the New Rhetoric develops the concepts of `other', `experimental', `flexible', and `logic of good sense'. The introduction and elaboration of the concept of `reasonableness' is presented as a milestone in the evolution of scientific methodology. The New Rhetoric has overcome the traditional contradictions between logic, rationalism and dialectic and has laid new foundations for a modern theory of morality, law, legal interpretation, and human rights. This book discusses such problems as: new moral notions, the new dilemma of Cain, the spurious notions of 'centrism', Antigone's new arguments, 'argumentation is not bargaining', new foundations of tolerance and justice. It ends with a section on 'Resolutions for the New Century', written in the spirit of traditional enlightenment, rule of reason and humanism, but which goes beyond them
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401583787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Much of contemporary philosophy, political theory, and social thought has been shaped directly or indirectly by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, though there is considerable disagreement about how his work should be understood. He has been described both as a metaphysician and characterized as an ironic narrator who anticipated the character of philosophy after metaphysics. His position is equally ambiguous with regard to his political thought. He has been construed both as an enemy of the liberal state and as a friend of freedom. This volume's revisionist reassessment, building on the scholarship of Klaus Hartmann, explores these ambiguities in favor of a non-metaphysical reading of Hegel's arguments. It also shows how the foundations of his political thought support a liberal democratic state. This reappraisal of Hegel's arguments resituates him as a philosopher who anticipates the difficulties of post-modernity and offers a basis for reassessing ontology, aesthetics, and revolution. Philosophers and those doing work in political theory will find this volume of great interest
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 153
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose `framework of complementarity' shaped the final phase of the quantum revolution and influenced two generations of the century's leading physicists. There is much on which the authors included here agree; but there are also polar disagreements, which assure us that the philosophical questions revolving around Bohr's `new viewpoint' will continue to be a subject of scholarly interest and discussion for years to come. This collection will interest all serious students of history and philosophy of science, and foundations of physics
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 152
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 152
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Romanticism in all its expression communicated a vision of the essential interconnectedness and harmony of the universe. The romantic concept of knowledge was decidedly unitary, but, in the period between 1790 and 1840, the special emphasis it placed on observation and research led to an unprecedented accumulation of data, accompanied by a rapid growth in scientific specialization. An example of the tensions created by this development is to be found in the scientists' congresses which attempted a first response to the fragmentation of scientific research. The problem concerning the unitary concept of knowledge in that period, and the new views of the world which were generated are the subject of this book. The articles it contains are all based on original research by an international group of highly specialized scholars. Their research probes a wide range of issues, from the heirs of Naturphilosophie, to the `life sciences', and to the debate on `Baconian Sciences', as well as examining many aspects of mathematics, physics and chemistry. History of philosophy and history of science scholars will find this book an essential reference work, as well as all those interested in 19th century history in general. Undergraduate and graduate students will also find here angles and topics that have hitherto been largely neglected
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401732499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Otto, Eckart, 1944 - Essays on Biblical Law by Phillips, Anthony 2005
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 139
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Culture—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Dick Popkin and James Force have attended a number of recent conferences where it was apparent that much new and important research was being done in the fields of interpreting Newton's and Spinoza's contributions as biblical scholars and of the relationship between their biblical scholarship and other aspects of their particular philosophies. This collection represents the best current research in this area. It stands alone as the only work to bring together the best current work on these topics. Its primary audience is specialised scholars of the thought of Newton and Spinoza as well as historians of the philosophical ideas of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401732741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 156
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 156
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Mathematics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: An understanding of developments in Arabic mathematics between the IXth and XVth century is vital to a full appreciation of the history of classical mathematics. This book draws together more than ten studies to highlight one of the major developments in Arabic mathematical thinking, provoked by the double fecondation between arithmetic and the algebra of al-Khwarizmi, which led to the foundation of diverse chapters of mathematics: polynomial algebra, combinatorial analysis, algebraic geometry, algebraic theory of numbers, diophantine analysis and numerical calculus. Thanks to epistemological analysis, and the discovery of hitherto unknown material, the author has brought these chapters into the light, proposes another periodization for classical mathematics, and questions current ideology in writing its history. Since the publication of the French version of these studies and of this book, its main results have been admitted by historians of Arabic mathematics, and integrated into their recent publications. This book is already a vital reference for anyone seeking to understand history of Arabic mathematics, and its contribution to Latin as well as to later mathematics. The English translation will be of particular value to historians and philosophers of mathematics and of science
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401107686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 157
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zygmunt Zawirski (1882--1948) -- one of the most eminent and original Polish philosophers -- belonged to the Lwow--Warsaw School (LWS) which left an indelible trace in logic, semiotics and philosophy of science. LSW was founded in 1895 by K. Twardowski, a disciple of Brentano, in the spirit of clarity, realism and analytic philosophy. LWS was more than 25 years older than the Vienna Circle (VC). This belies, inter alia, the not infrequently repeated statement that LWS was one of the many centers initiated by VC. The achievements of LWS in logic are well recognized, while those relating to philosophy of science are almost unknown. It is in order to fill this gap that some fragments of Zawirski's papers are presented, dealing mainly with causality, determinism, indeterminism and philosophical implications of relativity and quantum mechanics. His magnum opus `L'Evolution de la notion du temps' (Eugenio Rignano Prize, 1933) is devoted to time. It is one of the best books written on this subject, and by no means an obsolescent one. Zawirski took into account all the issues which are at present widely discussed. The real value of these achievements can be understood better today than by his contemporaries. For all those interested in philosophy of science and philosophy, and history of ideas
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401111027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Historical Background -- II The Cultural Background -- III The Philosophical Atmosphere in Vienna -- IV Why the Circle invited me. The Theory of Curves and Dimension Theory -- V Vignettes of the Members of the Circle in 1927 -- VI Reminiscences of the Wittgenstein Family -- VII Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Austrian Dictionary -- VIII Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and the Early Circle -- IX On the Communication of Metaphysical Ideas. Wittgenstein’s Ontology -- X Wittgenstein, Brower, and the Circle -- XI Discussions in the Circle 1927–30 -- XII Poland and the Vienna Circle -- XIII The United States 1930–31 -- XIV Discussions in the Circle 1931–34 -- XV The Circle on Ethics -- XVI Moritz Schlick’s Final Years -- Memories of Kurt Gödel -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Karl Menger was born in Vienna on January 13, 1902, the only child of two gifted parents. His mother Hermione, nee Andermann (1870-1922), in addition to her musical abilities, wrote and published short stories and novelettes, while his father Carl (1840-1921) was the noted Austrian economist, one of the founders of marginal utility theory. A highly cultured man, and a liberal rationalist in the nine­ teenth century sense, the elder Menger had witnessed the defeat and humiliation of the old Austrian empire by Bismarck's Prussia, and the subsequent establishment under Prussian leadership of a militaristic, mystically nationalistic, state-capitalist German empire - in effect, the first modern "military-industrial complex. " These events helped frame in him a set of attitudes that he later transmitted to his son, and which included an appreciation of cultural attainments and tolerance and respect for cultural differences, com­ bined with a deep suspicion of rabid nationalism, particularly the German variety. Also a fascination with structure, whether artistic, scientific, philosophical, or theological, but a rejection of any aura of mysticism or mumbo-jumbo accompanying such structure. Thus the son remarked at least once that the archangels' chant that begins the Prolog im Himmel in Goethe's Faust was perhaps the most viii INTRODUCTION beautiful thing in the German language "but of course it doesn't mean anything.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401107785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 215 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 140
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 140
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion. ; Medicine—History. ; Culture—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The studies of sixteenth and seventeenth-century alchemy published in this volume were first presented as papers at a colloquium on `Alchemy and Chemistry' held at the Warburg Institute in 1989. The aim of the colloquium was to examine alchemy not as a self-contained tradition, but as an activity intimately connected with chemistry, medicine, philosophy and religion. The wide range of topics discussed by the different contributors shows clearly that a true understanding of alchemical texts demands that they be considered not only as a component of the pre-history of experimental science, but as manifestations of the very different forms of religious belief and philosophical views of nature held by the alchemists. Though alchemy has been widely regarded as the mere precursor of early chemistry, it is evident that the two disciplines in fact coexisted and were in certain cases practised independently. The chemical interpretation of nature is thus seen to occupy a central position in the philosophical and religious, as well as the scientific culture of the early-modern period. It is also essential to an understanding of human physiology and medicine and the early development of the corpuscular philosophy. Such a wide-ranging approach to chemical and alchemical studies aims to place them in their widest possible historical and philosophical context. The chronological and geographical limits of the present investigations were therefore designed to allow an in-depth study of a coherent body of works located within a short time span. The volume will therefore command the interest of both historians of science, as well as of students of intellectual and social history
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 54
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: From the mid-1960s, after the important works by J. Hintikka, S. Körner, W. Sellars and P.F. Strawson, there has been a marked revival of Kantian epistemological thought. Against this background, featuring fruitful exchange between historical research and theoretical prospects, the main point of the book is the discussion of Kantian theory of scientific knowledge from the perspective of present-day analytical philosophy and philosophy of empirical and mathematical sciences. The main topics are the problem of a priori knowledge in logic, mathematics and physics, the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments, the constitution of physical objectivity and the questions of realism and truth, the Kantian conception of time, causal laws and induction, the relations between Kantian epistemological thought, relativity theory, quantum theory and some recent developments of philosophy of science. The book is addressed to research workers, specialists and scholars in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of science and history of philosophy
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 307 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 19
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Economics ; History ; Econometrics. ; Economic development. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This book is concerned with the problems of whether a utility concept that is cardinal -- insofar as ratios between utility differences are significant -- exists or not, whether it is useful -- e.g. in creating testable models of behaviour -- or whether a merely ordinal preference function will do for all purposes. Some selected highlights from the debate between cardinalists and ordinalists are analyzed, but essentially this is a presentation of fresh elements in the case for cardinalism. Special themes analyzed include the distinction between utility and risk attitude, motivating decisions in case of uncertainty, multiperiod allocations and complementarity. Empirical evidence is presented and it seems that attempts at measuring utility give amazing results. The book will interest researchers, teachers and advanced students in economics, economic psychology, welfare theory and themes concerned with human behaviour
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401111263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 159
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 159
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Plaass's treatise stood at the beginning of a renewed wave of scholarship regarding Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (MF). Plaass argues that the MF represents an integral step in Kant's development between the two editions of the Critique of Pure Reason. The MF repeats the `Copernican turn', using the conditions of subjectivity to derive the metaphysical determinations of `matter' as the object of natural science with the new method called `metaphysical construction', which simultaneously grounds the mathematizability of physics. The translators provide background and analysis of Plaass's work, extend it to include the body of the MF and offer a variation on the analysis of the relationship between mathematics and metaphysics in the MF. They discuss its relevance for contemporary paradigm-dependency approaches to the philosophy of science and for philosophical hermeneutics. The book will be of interest to Kant specialists as well as to students of the philosophy of science in general
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401712217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences A Yearbook 16
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Social sciences ; Education.
    Abstract: Present trends indicate that in the years to come transnational science, whether basic or applied and involving persons, equipment or funding, will grow considerably. The main purpose of this volume is to try to understand the reasons for this denationalization of science, its historical contexts and its social forms. The Introduction to the volume sets out the socio-political, intellectual, and economic contexts for the nationalization and denationalization of the sciences, processes that have extended over four centuries. The articles examine the specific conditions that have given rise to the growth of transnational science in the 20th century. Among these are: the need for cognitive and technical standardization of scientific knowledge-products, pressure toward cost-sharing of large installations such as CERN, the voluntary and involuntary migration of scientists, and the global market for R&D products that has emerged at the end of the century. The volume raises many new questions for research by historians and sociologists of science and poses problems that are of concern both to scientists and science policy-makers
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401581813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 500 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 135
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: Models of the History of Philosophy. From its Origins in the Renaissance to the `Historia philosophica' (a translation of a work published in 1981 in Italian - the bibliography has been updated) gives a comprehensive description of the various forms and approaches in the literature of the history of philosophy from the fifteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century. Several traditions are described, from the well known `prisca theologia' and `perennis philosophia' traditions of Marsilio Ficino and Augustino Steuco, which claimed that the Greeks got their philosophy from the East, to the unknown influence of Scepticism on the history of philosophy by the recovery of Sextus Empiricus, and the German Protestant critical attack on Greek philosophy as Atheistic which was the tradition of the history of philosophy out of which Leibniz developed. Each individual historian of philosophy is given a separate entry which includes a biography, a complete bibliography of his works, a description of his history of philosophy and ends with both an assessment of his reputation during his own time and a complete listing of recent literature on him. As a result the substantial variety in the way the history of philosophy was written and, with it, an overview of the way western civilization developed is described in detail for the first time. For university history of literature, history of culture, history of religion and history of philosophy classes. The book can be used both for undergraduate courses (for specific reading assignments) and as background material for graduate courses. The bibliography provides important aids to many topics which have previously been almost inaccessible
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401118507
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 196 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idés 134
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 134
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first major work devoted to the life and work of Thomas White, an important and wide ranging seventeenth-century thinker long overdue for historical rehabilitation. Renowned in his own day as an eminent philosopher, White's reputation suffered not least as a result of his theological heresies and his pro-Cromwellian political sympathies. But he is here shown as the leader of an influential faction of English Catholics, known after his alias as `Blackloists' as a dogged opponent of the then newly-fashionable scepticism; and as a would-be synthesiser of scholastic thought with the `new philosophy'. In his Janus-faced intellectual stance White exemplifies the position of many mid-seventeenth-century thinkers; and he is presented here as representing a philosophical standpoint that is crucial for our understanding of a fascinating period in intellectual history
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401582186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 12
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume has been developed from the first extensive meeting of Japanese and Western phenomenologists, which was sponsored by the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. and the Phenomenological Association of Japan and held in Sanda City. Chiefly philosophical and chiefly concerned with Husserl's thought, it also shows links with several human sciences and such figures as Wilhelm Dilthey, Eugen Fink, Martin Heidegger, Max Scheler, Alfred Schutz, and well as with Zen and the Japanese tradition in phenomenology, which is second only to the German in age and has recently blossomed anew. Further such meetings have occurred and are planning, building upon this foundation
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Arts.
    Abstract: The dominant paradigm in the sciences of language conceives the subject-in-community as a truth-sayer, a communicator, and a player-economist. The major ontology of the human community reconstructs being-together as a system of interactions and transactions subject to the rules of economic rationality and, as a consequence, the community as source and target of finite strategical games. The primordial value then is the circulation of information and ideal communication is favored by the truth-functional status of our discourses. However, this dominant ontology has a few cracks. This is where the aesthetic dimension intrudes, establishing here and there the blink of an eye, shattering the economic, communicational, and truth-saying phantasm, scattering the field of being-together, fragmenting it. These aesthetic fringes conduct themselves according to the isotopy of blossoming, of rupture and fracture, of thresholds and discontinuity. Their effect is one of bedazzlement, trembling, shaking, upheaval, lightheadedness. Infinite games in conversation, the musicality of voices, understanding by flair and tact, the temporariness of nostalgic memory, reasonable pathos, are what has been emphasized in this book
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117357
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 157 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 149
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 149
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book Martin Bunzl considers the prospects for a general and comprehensive account of explanation, given the variety of interests that prompt explanations in science. Bunzl argues that any successful account of explanation must deal with two very different contexts - one static and one dynamic. Traditionally, theories of explanation have been built for the former of these two contexts. That is to say, they are designed to show how it is that a 'finished' body of scientific knowledge can be put to explanatory use. But finished sciences are few and far between. Real 'explanation' also occurs in a dynamical context in which questions are asked and answers are given as theories are in the process of being constructed. Here, Bunzl argues that attending to explanation produced under these dynamic circumstances undermines prominent features of the theory of explanation produced in the traditional static context
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401116565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 211 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Anthropology ; Comparative Literature ; Social sciences ; Culture. ; Arts. ; Philosophy. ; Ethnology.
    Abstract: The book offers an extensive and detailed philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of the comic. The author critically presents the hitherto existing theories of the comic from Aristotle up to the present and classifies them. At the same time he advances his own definition of the comic as a broadly understood deviation from norm, which takes into account the deviation from an objectively existing norm as well as the subjective sense of the normal. Many pages have been devoted to the analysis of the main forms of the comic. The author offers their taxonomy and discusses the major techniques of evoking the comic. The final part of the book deals with the social aspects of the comic and discusses the social role of humour, mockery, satire, irony, etc. The author elaborates on the educational, integrating, punitive, and therapeuric aspects of various forms of comic activities. The book is based upon ample material drawn from a multitude of sources. The author does not limit the scope of his analysis to the philosophical and the aesthetic aspects of the comic but takes into account its extra-aesthetic occurrences and applications as presented by psychologists, cultural anthropologists, sociologists, theoreticians and historians of literature, film, and music, which makes the work truly interdisciplinary in character. The Comical: A Philosophical Analysis will be useful to aestheticians and philosophers of art, as well as to the students of literary criticism, theatre, and film studies, educational theory, psychology and even the theory of argumentation
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Engineering. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first book to collect and translate a broad spectrum of philosophical reflection on technology from throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Highlighting work from Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela -- with further representation from Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Uruguay, and the U.S. -- it introduces both affirmatives and critical studies by younger as well as established philosophers. Of special importance are the contributions by Marcos García de la Huerta (Chile), Hugo Padilla (Mexico), Miguel Quintanilla (Spain), Juan David García Bacca (Venezuela), and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla (Venezuela) -- all of whom are leading and influential authors, none of whom has previously appeared in English. For students and scholars concerned with the philosophy of science and technology, Latin American studies, and interdisciplinary science--technology--society programs, this text contains twenty-five papers addressing issues in the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, political, historical, and anthropological analysis of technology
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401582285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; History ; Medicine—History. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: This book offers the first wide-ranging survey of early medical ethics, primarily, but not exclusively, in the English-speaking world. Based on fresh historical research and philosophical analysis, the period covered is the `long eighteenth century', culminating in the notable formal ethics of John Gregory and Thomas Percival. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the ethical dilemmas of actual practice and the formulations of philosophically-minded physicians. The historical and philosophical roots of late Enlightenment medical-ethical theories are also examined. A second volume (1993) will examine developments in the nineteenth century
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1993], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 1
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401117678
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 422 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; History ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: This book presents the very latest research on the medieval use of sophisms in logical and grammatical investigation by twenty-three of the leading experts in Europe and beyond. Important insights into the genre of sophismatic treatises have been gained only very recently, and the organisation of the European Symposium on this topic in 1990 led to a concentration of research and evaluation of insights. The papers are divided into three groups: one covers textual study and analysis of the role of sophisms in the medieval curriculum; another deals with grammatical sophisms; and the third covers particular logical sophisms, from 'Man is the worthiest of creatures' and problems in the theory of reference to the Liar paradox and the work of William of Ockham
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401116442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (564 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: This book examines the rise of the German Communist Party in the crucial period between the Kapp Putsch and the stabilization of the Weimar Republic. Based on extensive archival research, its reconstruction of Communist participation in union and protest movements in the key industrial region of Rhineland-Westphalia offers the first detailed social analysis of Communist support, organization and political strategy in German labor unions. By viewing German Communism against the backdrop of industrial structures and economic conditions, this study illuminates the deeper divisions in the German workers' movement that contributed to the tragedy of the Weimar Republic
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 18
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book develops and defends a version of utilitarianism, including expected-utility theory, as a normative model of decision making. The defense, based on the idea of utility as achievement of goals, considers the endorsement of a norm as a decision and asks what reasons we have to endorse norms for decision making. The reasons derive from our pre-existing goals, so any norm we endorse must not fly in the face of these goals, although it must not be selfishly biased, either. This approach is further clarified by drawing distinctions between decisions for the self, for a single other person, for several others, and for the self and others. The book discusses the implications of this argument for the psychological study of decision making, the act--omission distinction, moral education, decision analysis, risk analysis, and other questions of public policy. The final chapter sketches a prescriptive approach to group decision making
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401119580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a methodical and systematic presentation of basic ontological issues that must be raised with respect to the meaning and function of natural science. The ontological issues are discussed from a hermeneutico-phenomenological point of view. In addition, the book contains critical discussions of basic themes raised by Carnap, Hempel, Stegmüller, Kuhn, Lakatos, Hübner, Popper, van Fraassen, Heelan and Kisiel. One of the basic theses developed in the book is that logical, epistemological and methodological issues pertinent to the natural sciences should be complemented by ontological issues that focus mainly on meaning and truth. The book also contains one chapter on the implications of the ontological ideas presented for the history of the natural sciences
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 141
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 141
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is a collection of papers on philosophy of science, conceptual history of science, and sociology of science written by Taiwanese scholars. It is perhaps one of the best, written by Taiwanese, in all Chinese-speaking societies. Some works in it show Orientals study topics that are typically Western philosophy of science. Others show how traditional topics in the history of Chinese science (mathematics, optics, and geology) could be studied with high sensitivity to the philosophy and sociology of science. It also touches upon issues of the `autonomous' development of social sciences in Taiwan, a society whose academic researches are greatly influenced by the West. This collection will prove stimulating and valuable to general and scholarly readers alike who are interested in philosophy and history of science, especially as related to East Asia and the West. The book will interest scholars in philosophy of science, philosophy of language and psychology, studies of philosophy of science in the third world, history of Chinese science, history of science in East Asia, and history of mathematics
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 411 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contemporary philosophy, A new survey 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume on Asian philosophy is the 7th volume in the series Contemporary Philosophy. The main objective of the series is to review the philosophical research over the last 20-30 years in the countries concerned. Quite a few surveys in the present volume also contain original contributions to the discussion of the various topics. The bulk of the contributions are written by scholars from India, Japan, and Korea. A main tenet in nearly all articles is the deep interest in classical philosophy and religious movements. Central topics in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and also Shamanism are discussed. These traditions are certainly distinct from classical metaphysics in the European philosophy, as is extensively shown by Panikkar in the case of classical Indian thinking. At the same time it is well known that, for instance, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism have exerted a significant influence on many European philosophers, particularly from Plotinus onwards. Spinoza, Leibniz and Hegel are great mediators between Asian and European philosophical traditions. Besides metaphysical issues, the authors discuss well known topics in moral and political philosophy as well as philosophy of logic and language. The volume no doubt invites to a crosscultural philosophical discussion
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401116121
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 319 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume contains a broad selection of essays primarily commenting on the significant intellectual contributions of J.N. Mohanty toward phenomenology and Indian philosophy. Mohanty's work over the past thirty years reveals a remarkable grasp of numerous philosophical traditions and a wealth of original ideas, both of which have served to relax the strictures among those traditions and to broaden intellectual horizons. In commemoration of Mohanty, these essays offer a critical yet constructive discussion of his ideas. All of the essays are published here for the first time, and their authors include well known philosophers from Europe, India, the United States and Canada. Mohanty replies to these and other criticisms, taking the opportunity to clarify and further develop his views. The volume thus amounts to a critical and constructive dialogue with Mohanty, a dialogue which will, it is hoped, facilitate a continuous, sympathetic appreciation of his thought
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  • 39
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 206 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 129
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 129
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume evaluates the contribution of Merleau-Ponty to various philosophical problems, from the culmative point of view of more than thirty years of continental philosophy since the time of his death. However, as the various essays gathered here confirm, the title of the volume risks a certain irony - that which is involved in trying to place into vision (albeit now in only too silent and invisible a manner), namely an original thought whose creative unfolding still awaits its future. As the various papers of this volume attest, Merleau-Ponty is a contemporary philosopher who offers new directions for philosophical interrogation, who still frames in a fresh and provocative voice the issues which remain urgent for our time. Like recent collections of essays on Merleau-Ponty, the present volume offers a critical and interpretive look backward to his works from a relatively differentiated and stable vantage point from which they might come definitively into view, but beyond this the present volume is unique in also moving forward to the works of Merleau-Ponty just as we now move in an exploratory way toward the future of philosophy
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401582162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 340 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 231
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific research is viewed as a deliberate activity and the logic of discovery consists of strategies and arguments whereby the best objectives (questions) and optimal means for achieving these objectives (heuristics) are chosen. This book includes a discussion and some proposals regarding the way the logic of questions can be applied to understanding scientific research and draws upon work in artificial intelligence in a discussion of heuristics and methods for appraising heuristics (metaheuristics). It also includes a discussion of a third source for scientific objectives and heuristics; episodes and examplars from the history of science and the history of philosophy. This book is written to be accessible to advanced students in philosophy and to the scientific community. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of biology, historians of physics, and historians of biology
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401711852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 363 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 148
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 148
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is dedicated to Heinz Post who proposed a rational model of scientific discovery. His account draws attention to the formal flaws in theories that motivate theory modification, the correspondence relations that hold between old and new theories and the cross-theoretic retention of symmetry and conservation principles. Exploring Post's model from a variety of perspectives, the contributors draw on a wide range of case studies from physics, chemistry and biology. This is the first work to examine one such model of heuristics in the context of detailed examples from science itself. It will be of interest to teachers, researchers and graduate students in both the history and philosophy of science and can be used as a textbook in advanced courses on scientific method
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 295 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 39
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals/expresses the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789401119962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; History ; Comparative literature. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Passions of Rhetoric reveals Lessing's contribution to the history of rhetoric and his participation in the long-standing debate between philosophy and rhetoric. - Attempts a reassessment of the importance of rhetoric to argumentation in the 18th century. - Establishes that Lessing developed his own views on rhetoric and argumentation and that these views were opposed to the anti-rhetorical position of other 18th century intellectuals, including Kant. - The few treatments of Lessing's polemical writings that have appeared in the last few years concentrate on the practice of rhetoric and not on Lessing's own views on language and argument. Moore's work, on the other hand, combines both an interest in style of argument and the philosophy which informs it, a rich tradition going back to the ancient Greeks. The book is required reading for students of European rhetoric, 18th century German critical writing, 18th century polemics on theatre and theology. All quotations in German have been translated into English to inform a wider audience
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789401711418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 253 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 15
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to illustrate how empirical and conceptual problems interact in modern cognitive science. A multidisciplinary approach encourages us to redraw the boundaries between conceptual and empirical research. The pervading theme is the distinction between ontology and phenomenology. Part I, Cognitive models of consciousness, reviews and evaluates the contemporary discussion concerning consciousness. We suggest that the first-person, phenomenological point of view should be preserved in theories of consciousness. Part II, Cognitive schemata, deals with methodological issues, especially with cognitive explanations in anthropology. In Part III, Relativism and cognitivism, the classical problem of relativism inherent in the study of doxastic diversity is studied in the novel context provided by cognitivism. Cognitivism appears to provide a solution to the problem of relativism, but, by the same token, it invites a more profound version of relativism. For students and scholars in cognitive science, especially those working in cognitive anthropology and neuropsychology. The book does not require any previous education in philosophy. The philosophical themes and their relevance in modern empirical research are presented in accessible form. The book can be used as a university textbook for the courses that serve to introduce the students to the philosophical background of cognitive science
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 227
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: These new papers by distinguished Kant scholars are collected from a conference held in honor of one of the world's foremost authorities on Kant: William H. Werkmeister. The contributors present novel interpretations of the development of Kant's thought up to and beyond the three famous Critiques. Frederick Van De Pitte raises important questions about Kant's theory of concept formation; Paul Guyer and R.M. Hare contribute provocative essays on Kant's ethics; Donald Crawford and Ted Cohen offer valuable accounts of Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment; and two probing studies of the most interesting problems of the Opus postumum are provided by Burkhard Tuschling and Professor Werkmeister himself. This book should be read by professional Kant scholars, historians of modern philosophy, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789401580205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 424 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 222
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The argument of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Critique of Pure Reason is the deepest and most far-reaching in philosophy. In his new book, Robert Howell interprets main themes of the Deduction using ideas from contemporary philosophy and intensional logic, thereby providing a keener grasp of Kant's many subtleties than has hitherto been available. No other work pursues Kant's argument through every twist and turn with the careful, logically detailed attention maintained here. Surprising new accounts of apperception, the concept of an object, the logical functions of thought, the role of the Metaphysical Deduction, and Kant's relations to his Aristotelian-Cartesian background are developed. Howell makes a precise contribution to the discussion of most of the disputed issues in the history of Deduction interpretation. Controversial in its conclusions, this book demands the attention of all who take seriously the task of understanding Kant's work and evaluating it dispassionately
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 145
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 145
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The program Amsterdamski suggests in Between History and Method may not be deemed `strong enough' by the sociologists; but he believes that it offers the only way to give an account of the evident specificity of science with respect to other products of human intellectual activities if we cannot accept the idea of the supra-historical rationality of human nature. What differentiates such a program from the old so-called `rationalist tradition' is the thesis that the background consensus is not the incarnation of immanent human rationality, and that it is not historically stable. What differentiates this program from (at least some) contemporary developments in the sociology of science is the notion that if the circumstances of cognition have any impact upon the content of knowledge, this impact is not immediate, but rather is mediated by the relatively stable set of values and ideas constituting the research tradition. It is precisely on the basis of these traditions, which provide the resources for creative renewal from within, that new scientific knowledge is universalized. This book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers and sociologists of science
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401580403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 137
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 137
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The problem of Galileo's logical methodology has long interested scholars. In this volume William A. Wallace offers a solution that is completely unexpected, yet backed by convincing documentary evidence. His analysis starts with an early notebook Galileo wrote at Pisa, appropriating a Jesuit professor's exposition of the Posterior Analystics of Aristotle, and ends with one of the last letters Galileo wrote, stating that in logic he has been a Peripatetic all his life. Wallace's detective work unearths the complete logic course from which the notebook was excerpted, then proceeds to show how its terminology and methodology continue to surface in Galileo's later writings in which he founds his new sciences of the heavens and of local motion. The result is a tour de force that commends itself not only to Galileo's scholars and to logicians, philosophers, and historians, but to anyone interested in the epistemic roots of modern science
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401126885
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 146
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 146
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Pragmatism ; History ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the fourth volume in the series of the Bar-Hillel Colloquium (formerly the Israel Colloquium). The essays and commentaries presented here are intended to strike a rather special balance between the disciplines to which the Colloquium is dedicated. The historical and sociological vantage point is addressed to Krammick's and Mali's treatment of Priestley, In Vicker's and Feldhay's studies of the Renaissance occult, and in Warnke's and Barasch's work on the imagination. From a philosophical angle several concepts, all material to the methodology of science, are taken up; rule following, by Smart and Margalit, analysis, by Ackerman, explanation, by Taylor, and the role of mathematics in physics, by Lévy-Leblond and Pitowsky. In addition, the volume contains the proceedings of two symposia dedicated to two towering scientific figures: one celebrates Bohr's centennial, and the other examines `the other' Newton. The book will appeal to people whose interest or research is in the fields of philosophy, sociology, and history of science, technology and medicine, as well as those interested in science education
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  • 50
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 19
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume examines the background, origin, and debate over emergent evolution, a philosophy of evolution developed by the comparative psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan. Part One studies the 19th century background in the debate over the philosophical framework for evolutionary theory in the writings of Darwin, Spencer, Huxley, Wallace, and G.J. Romanes. Questions examined include the continuity of the evolutionary process, the status of qualitative as well as quantitative change, the scope of evolution, and its metaphysical implications. Part Two traces Lloyd Morgan's development of emergent evolution as a philosophy relating the various sciences, and its main thesis that qualitative novelty can occur in the course of a continuous, universal and monistic evolutionary process, proceeding from the material level to those of life and mind. The third part traces the debate over emergent evolution, and argues that, despite its temporary eclipse by reductionist and physicalist philosophies in the period from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s, emergent evolution is an active trend of thought at the interface between philosophy and science
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 251 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 51
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Music ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—History.
    Abstract: Music and Science in the Age of Galileo features twelve new essays by leading specialists in the fields of musicology, history of science, astronomy, philosophy, and instrument building that explore the relations between music and the scientific culture of Galileo's time. The essays take a broad historical approach towards understanding such topics as the role of music in Galileo's experiments and in the scientific revolution, the musical formation of scientists, Galileo's impact on the art and music of his time, the scientific knowledge of instrument builders, and the scientific experiments and cultural context of Galileo's father, Vincenzo Galilei. This volume opens up new areas in both musicology and the history of science, and twists together various strands of parallel work by musicians and scientists on Galileo and his time. This book will be of interest to musicologists, historians of science and those interested in interdisciplinary perspectives of the late Renaissance -- early Baroque. For its variety of approaches, it will be a valuable collection of readings for graduate students, and those seeking a more integrated approach to historical problems. The book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers, musicologists, astronomers, and mathematicians
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401580946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 445 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 45
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Ontology ; History
    Abstract: This book with an introduction by Witold Marciszewski, views the history of philosophy and logic from 1837 to 1939 from the perspective of the cradle of modern exact philosophy - Central Europe. In a series of case studies, it illuminates the developments in this region, most notably in Austria and Poland, examining thinkers such as Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, Husserl, Twardowski, Lesniewski, and Tarski, as well as the logicians like Frege and Russell with whom they bore a close resemblance. The book challenges established views about the history of philosophy and logic in Europe, and shows the vitality of the Central European tradition
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401579223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 54
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Criminal Law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: Jeffrie G. Murphy's second collection of essays further pursues the topics of punishment and retribution that were explored in his 1979 collection Retribution, Justice and Therapy. Murphy now explores these topics in the context of political philosophy as well as moral philosophy, and he now begins to develop some doubts about the version of the retributive theory with which his name has long been associated
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 17
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Law—History. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This work presents, interprets, and largely defends the legal philosophy of H.L.A. Hart, except for his account of causation. Hart is considered by many persons to be the most important English writer on jurisprudence in the 20th century. The book considers his general theory of law, his theory of rights and of the enforcement of morality, and his analysis of the conditions of legal resposibility and the justification of punishment
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580380
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 277 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume contains papers presented by New Zealand and American philosophers of biology during a recent visit to New Zealand by Elliott Sober. Some of the papers reveal a unique local perspective on current debates. Robin Craw's highly original contribution to the `evolutionary' philosophy of science initiated by David Hull, applies to intellectual evolution the strongly biogeographic approach to the evolution of life that is a recognised New Zealand speciality. Other papers reflect past intellectual exchange between the two countries. Susan Oyama and Russell Gray's papers on the `developmental systems' approach to evolution, for example, are the outcome of several years of fruitful exchange. The remaining papers in the volume cover a wide range of topics. In addition to Sober's own discussion of post-sociobiological treatments of cultural evolution the volume includes Kim Sterelny's evaluation of `macroevolution', Paul Griffiths' analysis of adaptation and vestigiality, John Morss on the notion of ontogeny and Timothy Shanahan on the concept of drift
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  • 56
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127714
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 463 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 143
    DDC: 530.01
    Keywords: Physics ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; History
    Abstract: Ernst Mach -- A Deeper Look has been written to reveal to English-speaking readers the recent revival of interest in Ernst Mach in Europe and Japan. The book is a storehouse of new information on Mach as a philosopher, historian, scientist and person, containing a number of biographical and philosophical manuscripts publihsed for the first time, along with correspondence and other matters published for the first time in English. The book also provides English translations of Mach's controversies with leading physicists and psychologists, such as Max Planck and Carl Stumpf, and offers basic evidence for resolving Mach's position on atomism and Einstein's theory of relativity. Mach's scientific, philosophical and personal influence in a number of countries -- Austria, Germany, Bohemia and Yugoslavia among them -- has been carefully explored and many aspects detailed for the first time. All of the articles are eminently readable, especially those written by Mach's sister. They are deeply researched, new interpretations abound, and the bibliography includes recent works by and about Mach from over a dozen countries. The book also contains many articles by or about Mach's contemporaries, including Ostwald, Dingler, Weichert and, especially, Einstein. Finally, and most intriguingly, the original ideas of Japanese scholars are presented, built on Mach's philosophy. These demonstrate how Mach's world view is currently contributing to the solution of contemporary philosophical problems
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127776
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 146 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 55
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Are we morally required to act in the interests of others? Does our worth as persons depend in any way on our valuing the good of others? These questions, illustrative of those addressed in this book, concern the relevance of other-interested considerations -- of facts about what is good or bad for others -- to the moral status of persons and their actions. Pursuing answers to such questions is not only interesting and important in its own right, but also yields valuable insights in to the nature of morality. A distinguishing feature of the book is its unusually comprehensive treatment of the moral significance of other-interested considerations per se, of how these considerations are interrelated, and of where they should be located in more general moral theory. It will be of greatest interest to individuals with fairly well-developed philosophical interests and abilities -- to teachers and advanced students of moral philosophy in particular
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401580106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 280 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 144
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 144
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Technology Philosophy ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Historians and philosophers of technology are searching for new approaches to the study of the interaction between science and technology. New conceptual frameworks are necessary since the idea that technology is simply applied science is nothing short of a myth. The papers contained in this volume deal primarily with cognitive and social aspects of the science-technology issue. One of the most salient features of these papers is that they show a major methodological shift in studying the interaction between science and technology. Discussions of the science-technology issue have long been dominated by the demarcartion problem and related semantic issues about the notions `science' and `technology', and the `technology is applied science' thesis. Instead of general `global' interpretation schemes and models of the interaction between science and technology, detailed empirical case studies of cognitive and institutional connections between `science' and `technology' constitute the hard core of this book. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science, historians and philosophers of technology and science and sociologists of science
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789401125086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 309 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Time and Transcendence provides a new theory of secularization in the Catholic context, a new interpretation of the origins of modern historical science, and a new reading of Heidegger's theories of time and history. The author shows how a secular sense of the past evolved in early modern French memoirs. Memoirs uncovered a level of personal experience that was then applied as an intuitive framework for the study of history. Modern history's scientific study of sources is embedded in the imaginative sense of a personal past. Nineteenth-century French Traditionalists countered this threat of a secular past by expanding the concept of tradition to include all of history. Neoscholasticism then canonized philosophy as Catholic tradition, turning the history of philosophy against secular culture. Heidegger's thinking developed in the contexts of both this Catholic counterattack and the fin-de-siècle disillusion with secular history. Against fin-de-siècle notions of memory as a better way of penetrating the past, Heidegger recast history as future-oriented action. Rejecting both secular culture and religious tradition, he used history as a tool for secularizing religious experiences that secular culture had ignored, such as grace, mystical experience, and death. This book shows that while religion can turn a self-conscious secular culture against itself, ultimately the religious critique of secular culture can also be turned against religion
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 343 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 147
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 147
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: An idea of the philosophy of archaeology can best be gained by showing what it is, what the issues are, who is working in the field, and how they proceed. Reading Lester Embree's Metaarchaeology provides the best possible introduction to the field, since in it several leading archaeologists show how accessible and interesting the current archeological literature is, and currently active philosophers of archaeology reveal something of the current state of discussion on the subject. Bibliographies have also been developed of the philosophy of archaeology as well as of selected parts of the component that can be called metaarchaeology. Finally, an historical introduction has been included to show the variety of metascientific as well as orientational standpoints that philosophers of archaeology have had recourse to for over two decades, followed by speculation about the future of the discipline within the philosophy of science
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401126106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Artificial intelligence ; Semiotics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Animal Cognition and Human Cognition: A Necessary Dialogue -- I. Introduction -- II. Characterization of Comparative Cognition -- III. Cognitive Modules and Evolution -- IV. Two Goals of Comparative Research: General Processes and Evolutionary Sequences -- V. Consciousness and Cognition -- VI. Conclusions -- 2: User Modelling in Knowledge-Based Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Situations of Interactive Communications -- III. The Content of the User Model -- IV. Characteristic Dimensions of a User’s Model -- V. Domain-Knowledge: Shallow Versus Deep Modelling -- VI. Modelling Intentions -- VII. Building a User’s Model -- VIII. Learner’s Model -- IX. Conclusion -- 3: Changing Beliefs Rationally: Some Puzzles -- I. Background -- II. A Justification of Generalized Conditionalisation -- III. The Judy Benjamin Problem -- IV. An Apparent Counterexample to Simple Conditionalisation -- V. The Three Prisoners -- VI. Judy Benjamin Again: The Strong Strategy -- VII. Independence -- 4: On the Representation of Linguistic Information -- I. Introduction -- II. The Modularity Hypothesis -- III. Grammar, Pragmatics and Modularity -- IV. Interdisciplinarity in the Analysis of Linguistic Information -- V. Disjunct Adverbials Pragmatically Oriented Towards the Speaker or Hearer -- VI. On The Representation of Disjunct Constituents: A Multidimentional Approach -- VII. Conclusions -- 5: Modelling Memory for Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Two Senses of “Model” -- III. Models in Working Memory -- IV. Representations for Syllogistic Reasoning -- V. Distributed Bindings and Syllogistic Reasoning -- 6: On The Study of Linguistic Performance -- I. A Proposal for “Cognitive Science” and A Specification of it -- II. Current Situation in Linguistic Performance Theory -- III. Some Issues Regarding Research Programs on Linguistic Performance -- IV. Appendix -- 7: Partiality and Coherence in Concept Combination -- I. Introduction -- II. Flexibility and Specificity -- III. Sense Selection -- IV. Sense Generation -- V. Partiality, Coherence and Concept Combination -- VI. Conclusions -- 8: The Labyrinth of Attitude Reports -- I. Mental States -- II. Semantic Contents -- III. Attitude Reports as Explanations -- IV. The Crimmins-Perry Theory -- V. Reports and Reporting -- VI. Two Kinds of Attitude Reports -- VII. Reporting and Explaining -- 9: Aunty’s Own Argument for the Language of Thought -- I. Introduction: Aunty and the Language of Thought -- II. The Threat of Regress -- III. First Stage: Systematic Cognitive Processes -- IV. First Stage: From System to Syntax -- V. Second Stage: The Structure of Thought -- VI. Second Stage: Concepts and Inference -- VII. Two Objections to the Second Stage -- VIII. Conceptualised Thought and the Connectionist Programme -- IX. An Invitation to Eliminativism? -- 10: Cognitive Science And Semantic Representations -- I. Cognitive and Other Sciences as Using Representations -- II. Natural and Rational Representations -- III. Sources of Variability in Representations -- IV. Use of Prescriptive Rules -- V. Description of Natural Representations -- VI. Token Representations, Long Term Memory Representations, and the Notion of Activation -- VII. Cross-Compatibility with Neurobiology and Artificial Intelligence -- VIII. Conclusion -- 11: Anchoring Conceptual Content: Scenarios And Perception -- I. Scenarios Introduced -- II. Scenarios: Consequences and Comparisons -- III. A Further Level of Content: An Application -- IV. Spatial Reasoning and Action.
    Abstract: THE PLACE OF PHILOSOPHY IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE During the last few years, many books have been published and many meetings have been held on Cognitive Science. A cursory review of their contents shows such a diversity of topics and approaches that one might well infer that there are no genuine criteria for classifying a paper or a lecture as a contribution to Cognitive Science. It is as though the only criterion is to have appeared in a book or in the programme of a meeting or title we can find the expression " . . . Cognitive Science" in whose name or something like that. Perhaps this situation is due to the (relative) youth of the field, which is seeking its own identity, still involved in a process of formation and consolidation within the scientific community; but there are actually deep disagreements about how a science of the mind should be worked out, including how to understand its own subject, that is, "the mind. "While for some the term makes reference to a set of phenomena impossible to grasp by any scientific approach, for others "the mind" would be a sort of myth, and the mental terms await elimination by other more handy and empirically tractable terms.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789401117999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 225
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This work, written from the standpoint of Hegel's Logic, examines the nature, conditions of possibility and scope of a valid dialectical logic. For this purpose it scrutinizes, criticizes and reconstructs it so that it may serve as a logic of Human reality. Refusing to be `revisionist' as far as Natural Sciences are concerned, the proposed viewpoint asserts that in this domain Dialectic is incapable of great fruitfulness -- there is no `Dialectic of Nature'. As for the domain of Human reality -- as historical, social and cultural reality -- the book suggests that such a reconstructed Dialectic, at last conscious of its own univocal limits, may help the Social Sciences and Human Studies to develop further. The book opens with an exposition, from an Hegelian point of view, of the basic categories of Identity. Difference and Contradiction. Then, in this Hegelian context, some basic issues are posed and discussed, such as the problems of the Beginning, the End, the Language, and the problem of Nature and Matter. To end with, Dialectic is proposed as a way of explanation, both progressive and regressive, elucidating Human experience while at once elucidating itself
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401128568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 142
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 142
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Human genetics ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: This book is a reassessment of the work of Fisher, Haldane, Muller and Wright on the occasion of the centenaries of their birth. Given the seminal role played by these figures in twentieth century evolutionary biology, it is also an important contribution to the history of biology. It brings together the scholarship of biologists, historians and philosophers to analyze the relative contributions and influence of these figures. In considering Muller along with Fisher, Haldane and Wright as a founder of `evolutionary genetics', this book breaks new ground in the historiography of biology. The contributions included here should be of value to evolutionary biologists as well as historians and philosophers of science. The book will appeal to historians and philosophers of biology, evolutionary biologists, and historians and philosophers of science
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  • 64
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 298 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’archives-Husserl 125
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 125
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume sheds light upon the omnipresent discussion of `crisis' in our times by returning to the thought of the two philosophers upon which much of this talk is consciously (or unconsciously) based, namely, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. By tracing the narrative of the `crisis' from Husserl's early treatment of arithmetic and logic through to Heidegger's meditations on the essence of technology, the author not only proposes a unified reading of both Husserl's and Heidegger's work, but points to important elements of the often underplayed continuity between these phenomenologists. At the same time, the concept of `crisis' also illustrates the difference between Husserl and Heidegger. Though both define the crisis as one of `forgetting', and both view this `forgetting' as a matter of philosophical responsibility, essential divergence emerges in their interpretation of this phenomenon. Three questions uncover these points of convergence and divergence. First, does not the `forgetfulness' reveal itself as a type of felix culpa, a necessary decay that now reveals itself in a positive light, indeed, as the precondition of history itself? Second, what is presupposed when the subjects is held responsible for forgetting? Third, what are the political consequences of such `crisis'-philosophy? This last question allows access not only to hidden political aspects of Husserl's thought, but opens a further perspective for considering Heidegger's overt political activities. Husserl, Heidegger and the Crisis of Philosophical Responsibility reveals the presuppositions about history, the subject, and the subject's relationship to a community that lie at the heart of any `crisis-thinking'. While demonstrating in scholarly fashion that the notion of `crisis' forms a hermeneutical key to the work of both Husserl and Heidegger, this work also grapples with questions of considerable contemporary significance: for what is philosophy `responsible' in this age of the crisis of reason, and in a broader sense, what does it mean to be `responsible' for that which we do not fully control? The author's suggestion of a `non-calculative' philosophical responsibility moves away from any notion of philosophical `crisis-management', while still maintaining that philosophy can have practical effects and that certain elements of the Husserlian plea for philosophical responsibility retain their value
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789401124881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 139
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Modern physical science is constituted by specialized scientific fields rooted in experimental laboratory work and in rational and mathematical representations. Contemporary scientific explanation is rigorously differentiated from religious interpretation, although, to be sure, scientists sometimes do the philosophical work of interpreting the metaphysics of space, time, and matter. However, it is rare that either theologians or philosophers convincingly claim that they are doing the scientific work of physical scientists and mathematicians. The rigidity of these divisions and differentiations is relatively new. Modern physical science was invented slowly and gradually through interactions of the aims and contents of mathematics, theology, and natural philosophy since the seventeenth century. In essays ranging in focus from seventeenth-century interpretations of heavenly comets to twentieth-century explanations of tracks in bubble chambers, ten historians of science demonstrate metaphysical and theological threads continuing to underpin the epistemology and practice of the physical sciences and mathematics, even while they became disciplinary specialties during the last three centuries. The volume is prefaced by tributes to Erwin N. Hiebert, whose teaching and scholarship have addressed and inspired attention to these issues
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophy flourished in Australia after the war. There was spectacular growth in both the number of departments and the number of philosophers. On top of this philosophy spread beyond the philosophy departments. Serious studies, and interest in philosophy is now common in faculties as diverse as law, science and education. Neither is this development merely quantitative, the Australian researcher has come of age and contributes widely to international debates. At least one movement originated in Australia. This makes the study of philosophy in Australia timely, evidenced by the number of articles concerned with this area that begin to appear in international journals. In Australia itself there is growing interest in the history of the country's philosophical development. There are discussions in conferences and meetings: the matter is now the subject of courses
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789401134125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 261 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Copernicus, Apollo, and Herakles -- Religion and the Failures of Determinism -- The Paradox of Power: Hobbes and Stoic Naturalism -- Cudworth and Seventeenth-Century Theories of Consciousness -- The Neoplatonic Conception of Nature in More, Cudworth, and Berkeley -- The Ancient Legal Sources of Seventeenth-Century Probability -- Robert Hooke, Physico-Mythology, Knowledge of the World of the Ancients and Knowledge of the Ancient World -- ‘The Wisdom of the Egyptians’ and the Secularisation of History in the Age of Newton -- On Newtonian History -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Mythical and Historical Figures.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of W ollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive pUblication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer science ; History ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: Socratic and Platonic Sources of Cognitivism -- The First Functionalist -- Mental Representations in Later Medieval Scholasticism -- Ockham on Mental Language -- Linguistics and Descartes -- Spinoza’s Science of the ‘Idea of the Body’ -- Leibnizian Resonances -- Hume and Cognitive Science -- Reid and the Contemporary View of Consciousness -- Kant’s Functionalism -- Kant’s Dedicated Cognitivist System -- Husserl and the Representational Theory of Mind -- The Introspectionism of Titchener -- Analytic Philosophy and Mental Phenomena -- Intuitive Psychologists: Mental Activities and Their Parts.
    Abstract: My interest in gathering together a collection of this sort was generated by a fortuitous combination of historical studies under Professor Keith Lehrer and studies in cognitive science under Professor R. Michael Harnish at the University of Arizona. Work on the volume began there while I was an instructor in the Department of Linguistics and was greatly encouraged by participants in the Faculty Seminar on Cognitive Science chaired by Professor Lance J. Rips. I wish to express my appreciation to all of these and to many other individuals with whom I discussed the possibility of contribution to this work. I am especially grateful to the authors of the essays included here, as they showed more patience than I could have hoped for in seeing me through a number of uncertain stages in development of the project. My thanks are also due to my colleague Charles Reid for assistance in reviewing submissions, to Tim McFadden for computer resources, and again, to Keith Lehrer for continuing advice in arrangements for publication. Financial support for manuscript preparation was provided in part under University Research Grant No. 617 from the University Research Council, Youngstown State University.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A History of Women Philosophers 3
    Series Statement: History of Women Philosophers 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Natural Philosophy -- IV. Feminism -- V. Conclusions -- 2. Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophy -- III. Conclusions -- 3. Anne Finch, Viscountess Conway -- I. Biography -- II. Influence on Leibniz -- III. Philosophical Writing -- IV. Summary -- 4. Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz -- I. Biography -- II. Prose Philosophical Works -- III. Philosophical Poetry -- IV. Conclusions -- 5. Damaris Cudworth Masham -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Conclusions -- 6. Mary Astell -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Religious Epistemology and Women -- IV. Epistemology and Religious Knowledge -- V. Conclusions -- 7. Catharine Trotter Cockburn -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophical Writings -- III. Epistemological Foundations of Moral Law -- IV. Epistemological Foundation of Religion -- V. The Immortality of the Soul -- VI. Summary -- VII. Conclusions -- 8. Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier De Breteuil Du Châtelet-Lomont -- I. Biography -- II. Ethics, Religion and Philosophy of Language -- III. Collaborative Works -- IV. Metaphysics -- V. Philosophy of Science -- VI. Conclusions -- 9. Mary Wollstonecraft -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 10. Clarisse Coignet -- I. Introduction -- II. Metaethics and Moral Philosophy -- III. Political and Social Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 11. Antoinette Brown Blackwell -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophy -- III. Conclusions -- 12. Julie Velten Favre -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 13. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- I. The Seventeenth Century -- II. The Eighteenth Century -- III. The Nineteenth Century -- IV. Conclusions.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401135405
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 218
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Archaeology.
    Abstract: I: Foucauldian Archaeology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. On the Very Notion of “Archaeology” -- 3. The New Histories in France -- 4. Archaeology, the New Histories, and the History of Ideas -- 5. The Archaeological Model I: Identifying Discursive Formations -- 6. The Archaeological Model Ii: Beyond Continuity and Discontinuity -- 7. Archaeology of Knowledge and Other Histories of Science -- Notes to Part I -- II: Foucauldian Genealogy -- 8. Introduction -- 9. The Concept of Power -- 10. The Genealogical Conception of Power I: Fields and Networks -- 11. The Genealogical Conception of Power Ii: Social Power and Scientific Knowledge -- 12. Genealogical Research Strategies -- 13. Genealogical Perspectivism -- 14. Genealogical Criticism of Power and Rationalities -- Notes To Part II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401132985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 246 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Regional planning ; History ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: ONE George Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. The Formative Years -- II. Against Revisionism -- III. Deba’tes And Other Developments -- TWO Philosophical Influences on Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. The History Of Ma l’erialism -- II. Spinoza -- III. The Eighteenth- Century Materialists -- IV. The Non-Materialists’ Contribution: Kant And The German Idealists -- V. Ludwig Feuerbach -- VI. Feuerbach In Russia: Nikolaj Chernyshevsky -- THREE The Scientific Referents of Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. Physiology In Russian Culture At The End Of The Nineteenth Century -- II. Ivan M. Secenov -- III. Plekhanov And The Natural Sciences -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Appendix: Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge in Soviet Studies.
    Abstract: 1. One of the most outstanding leaders within Second International Marxism, George Plekhanov has interested Western scholars primarily as a historical and political figure, specifically as the first full-fledged Marxist among the Russian intelligentsia. At the end of the nineteenth century he was the leader in putting Russian progressive culture in touch with Western Marxism, breaking away from Populism and, at the same time, resuming materialistic tradition within Russian progressive thought. Among Russian revolutionaries, a few others to be sure had been interested in Marx before Plekhanov. The translations of some of Marx' works into Russian show this clearly. In 1869 Mikhail Bakunin translated The Communist Manifesto. Three years later Nikolaj Daniel'son, a populist, completed the first foreign-language version of the first book of Marx' Capital and within six months about a thousand copies had been sold. In the middle of the 1870's, an 'academic' economist, N. !. Ziber, helped to spread Marx' economic ideas by teaching them in Kiev and writing articles in the journal Slovo, which to some extent influenced Plekhanov's later choices. But it was Plekhanov who first analyzed the Russian situation as a whole in Marxist terms, thereby earning renown as the "Father of Russian Marxism". 1 His writings became the school for a whole generation of revolutionaries. At the beginning respected and venerated, then rejected and criticized, Plekhanov for long held the leadership of Russian Marxism, as its best-known 'Master'.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789401132381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 237 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 124
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 124
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- I. Classification of Learning -- 2. History and the Encyclopedia -- 3. The Classification of the Visual Arts in the Renaissance -- 4. The Sixteenth-Century Transformation of the Aristotelian Division of the Speculative Sciences -- II. Movers and Shapers -- 5. Galen and Francis Bacon: Faculties of the Soul and the Classification of Knowledge -- 6. Forgotten Ways of Knowing: The Kabbalah, Language, and Science in the Seventeenth Century -- 7. Demonstration, Dialectic, and Rhetoric in Galileo’s Dialogue -- 8. Interpreting Nature: Gassendi versus Diderot on the Unity of Knowledge -- III. Institutions -- 9. The Curriculum of Italian Elementary and Grammar Schools, 1350-1500 -- 10. The Forms of Queen Christina’s Academies -- 11. The Early Society and the Shape of Knowledge -- 12. Periodical Publication and the Nature of Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Europe -- 13. Epilogue -- Contributors.
    Abstract: The original idea for a conference on the "shapes of knowledge" dates back over ten years to conversations with the late Charles Schmitt of the Warburg Institute. What happened to the classifications of the sciences between the time of the medieval Studium and that of the French Encyclopedie is a complex and highly abstract question; but posing it is an effective way of mapping and evaluating long term intellectual changes, especially those arising from the impact of humanist scholarship, the new science of the seventeenth century, and attempts to evaluate, to apply, to reconcile, and to institutionalize these rival and interacting traditions. Yet such patterns and transformations cannot be well understood from the heights of the general history of ideas. Within the ~eneral framework of the organization of knowledge the map must be filled in by particular explorations and soundings, and our project called for a conference that would combine some encyclopedic (as well as interdisciplinary and inter­ national) breadth with scholarly and technical depth.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/Explanation and Unification -- One / Positivist Models of Explanation -- Two / The Abstractive Nature of Theories -- Three / Composition Laws -- Four / Reduction -- II / Explanation in Biology -- Five / Explanation and Imperfect Laws in Biology -- Six / Purpose and Function in Biology -- III / Darwin’s Science -- Seven / Biogeographical Explanations -- Eight / The Structure of Darwin’s Theory -- Nine / Some Methodological Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory -- Ten / The Evidential Support for Darwin’s Theory -- Eleven/ The Logical Structure of Darwin’s Argument -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I would like to record my thanks to Paul Thompson for useful conver­ sations over the years, and also to several generations of students who have helped me develop my ideas on biological theory and on Darwin. My wife has, as usual, been more than helpful; in particular she typed a good portion of the manuscript while I was on leave a few years ago, more now than I like to remember. My parents were both looking forward to holding a final copy of this book. I only regret that my mother did not live long enough to see its completion. I must also thank the publishers and their staff. They have been re­ markably patient about meeting deadlines - promises were repeatedly made and then, owing to family situations, had to be broken - and for this I am considerably in their debt. I would further like to thank the following authors and publishers for permission to use their work: R. C. Lewontin, The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Figure 1, p. 14; © 1964 Columbia University Press; reprinted here by kind permission of the author and publisher. F. Wilson, 'Goudge's Contribution to the Philosophy of Science', in L. W. Sumner, J. G. Slater, and F. Wilson (eds.), Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays in Honour of T. A. Goudge; © 1964 University of Toronto Press; reproduced here in part by kind permission of all the editors and the publisher.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789401131827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in RB [Rezension von: Uebel, Thomas E., Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle] 1992
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 133
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 133
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay -- 1. Otto Neurath and the Neurath Reception: Puzzle and Promise -- I. The Case of Neurath and the History and Historiography of Science and Philosophy -- 2. On Otto Neurath -- 3. History and the System of Science in Otto Neurath -- 4. On the Historiography of Austrian Philosophy -- 5. Aspects of the Social Background and Position of the Vienna Circle at the University of Vienna -- II. Neurath as a Metatheoretician: Epistemology and Methodology -- 6. The Philosopher Otto Neurath -- The Early Neurath -- 7. The First Vienna Circle -- 8. On Neurath’s Writings on Logic, Ethics and Physics -- 9. The Neurath Principle: Its Grounds and Consequences -- Neurath and the Vienna Circle -- 10. Metaphysics in the Vienna Circle -- 11. Ethics and the Problem of Value in the Vienna Circle -- 12. Otto Neurath—Moritz Schlick: On the Philosophical and Political Antagonisms in the Vienna Circle -- 13. Neurath contra Schlick. On the Discussion of Truth in the Vienna Circle -- 14. On Neurath’s Empiricism and his Critique of Empiricism -- 15. Two Ways of Experiential Justification -- Applications -- 16 Otto Neurath’s Contribution to the Theory of the Social Sciences -- 17. Sociological Thought with Otto Neurath -- 18. Neurath’s Theory of Pictorial-Statistical Representation -- III. Neurath as Politician of Knowledge: The Partisanship of Enlightenment -- 19. Otto Neurath: Encyclopedist, Adult Educationalist and School Reformer -- 20. Otto Neurath and Adult Education: Unity of Science, Materialism and Comprehensive Enlightenment -- 21. The Unity of Planned Economy and the Unity of Science -- 22. Otto Neurath’s Utopias—The Will to Hope -- Name Index.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVII, 623 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 128
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 128
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One The Two Fundamental Observations -- 1. Science Demands the Concept of Thing -- 2. Science Seeks Explanation -- Book Two The Explanatory Process -- 3. Deduction -- 4. Rationality Postulated -- 5. Identity and Identification -- 6. The Irrational -- 7. Biological Phenomena -- 8. Forms of Spatial Explanation -- 9. The Possibilities of Scientific Explanation -- 10. The State of Potentiality -- Book Three Global Explanation -- 11. Hegel’s Attempt -- 12. Schelling’s Objections -- 13. Hegel and Comte -- 14. Hegel, Descartes and Kant -- Book Four Scientific and Philosophic Reason -- 15. Science and Philosophic Systems -- 16. The Rationality of the Real Reconsidered -- 17. The Epistemological Paradox -- 18. The Oneness of Human Reason -- Appendices -- 1 The Precursors of Hume -- 2 The Resistance to Lavoisier’s Theory -- 3 The Formula of the Universe in Laplace and in Taine -- 4 Arrhenius’s Theory and Other Such Efforts -- 5 Hegel’s Political Attitude -- 6 The Prestige and the Decline of Hegelian Philosophy -- 7 Abstract and Concrete Reason in Hegel -- 8 Hegel’s Panlogism -- 10 The Philosophy of Nature and Scientific Progress -- 11 Hegel, Schelling and Chemical Theory -- 12 Hegel and National Science -- 13 Hegel’s Artistic Sense and Sense of Rhythm -- 14 The Hegelian Dialectic and Experience -- 15 Schelling, Hegel and Victor Cousin -- 16 The Identity of Thought and Reality in Schelling -- 17 Schelling’s Announced Works -- 18 Caroline Schelling -- 19 Personal Relations Between Schelling and 20 Hegel -- 20 Tycho Brahe, Astrology and the Motion of the Earth -- 21 Non-Euclidean Space and Physical Verification -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Emile Meyerson's writings on the philosophy of science are a rich source of ideas and information concerning many philosophical and historical aspects of the development of modem science. Meyerson's works are not widely read or cited today by philosophers or even philosophers of science, in part because they have long been out of print and are often not available even in research libraries. There are additional chevaux de !rise for all but the hardiest scholars: Meyerson's books are written in French (and do not all exist in English versions) and deal with the subject matter of science - ideas or concepts, laws or principles, theories - and epis­ temological questions rather than today's more fashionable topics of the social matrix and external influences on science with the concomitant neglect of the intellectual content of science. Born in Lublin, Poland, in 1859, Meyerson received most of his education in Germany, where he studied from the age of 12 to 23, preparing himself for a career in chemistry. ! He moved to Paris in 1882, where he began a career as an industrial chemist. Changing his profession, he then worked for a time as the foreign news editor of the HAVAS News Agency in Paris. In 1898 he joined the agency established by Edmond Rothschild that had as its purpose the settling of Jews in Palestine and became the Director of the Jewish Colonization Association for Europe and Asia Minor. These activities represent Meyerson's formal career.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789401137867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 319 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 9
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Does Distance Tyrannize Science? -- Tyrannies of Distance in British Science -- Dr George Bennett and Sir Richard Owen: A Case Study of the Colonization of Early Australian Science -- A Far Frontier: British Geological Research in Australia during the Nineteenth Century -- A Collaborative Dimension of the European Empires: Australian and French Acclimatization Societies and Intercolonial Scientific Co-operation -- International Exchange in the Natural History Enterprise: Museums in Australia and the United States -- A World-wide Scientific Network and Patronage System: Australian and Other ‘Colonial’ Fellows of the Royal Society of London -- Ionospheric and Radio Physics in Australian Science since the Early Days -- Theories of the Earth as Seen from Below -- Geographic Isolation and the Origin of Species: The Migrations of Michael White -- Antipodal Fire: Bushfire Research in Australia and America -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early - though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789401125802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Heidegger and the Formalization of Thought -- The Justification of Logic and Mathematics in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- On Husserl’s Distinction between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage) -- On Situations and States of Affairs -- Modalization and Modalities -- Remarks on Modalization and Modalities -- Husserl’s Formalism -- Mathematics as a Transcendental Science -- Mathematics and the Task of Phenomenology -- ”Tertium Non Datur:” Husserl’s Conception of a Definite Multiplicity -- Psychologism Revisited -- Some Reflections on Psychologism -- How Mathematical Foundation all but come about: A Report on Studies Toward a Phenomenological Critique of Gödel’s Views on Mathematical Intuition -- On Geometric Intentionality -- Sentences which are True in Virtue of their Color -- Willard and Husserl on Logical Form -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 538 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 132
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 132
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Education—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. A Deeper Unity: Some Feyerabendian Themes in Neurocomputational Form -- 2. How to Be a Good Realist -- 3. Between Formalism and Anarchism: A Reasonable Middle Way -- 4. Free of Prejudice and Wholly Critical -- 5. Speculation, Calculation and the Creation of Phenomena -- 6. Reason and Practice -- 7. Science in Feyerabend’s Free Society -- 8. Letter to an Anti-Liberal Liberal -- 9. Obituary on the “Anarchist” Paul Feyerabend -- 10. Ideology, Science and a Free Society -- 11. The Myth of Astronomical Instrumentalism -- 12. Feyerabend on Falsifications, Galileo, and Lady Reason -- 13. The Observational Origins of Feyerabend’s Anarchistic Epistemology -- 14. Incommensurability, its Varieties and its Ontological Consequences -- 15. Feyerabend and the Facts -- 16. Ideological Commitments in the Philosophy of Science -- 17. As You Like It -- 18. Perceptions and Maturity: Reflections on Feyerabend’s Point of View -- 19. Paul Feyerabend — a Green Hero? -- 20. Ecology as a Challenge to Philosophy -- 21. Against Feyerabend -- 22. A New Slant on the Tower Experiment -- 23. Feyerabend’s Materialism -- 24. Scientific Methods and Feyerabend’s Advocacy of Anarchism -- 25. Concluding Unphilosophical Conversation.
    Abstract: Some philosophers think that Paul Feyerabend is a clown, a great many others think that he is one of the most exciting philosophers of science of this century. For me the truth does not lie somewhere in between, for I am decidedly of the second opinion, an opinion that is becoming general around the world as this century comes to an end and history begins to cast its appraising eye upon the intellectual harvest of our era. A good example of this opinion may be found in the admiration for Feyerabend's philosophy of science expressed by Grover Maxwell in his contribution to this volume. Maxwell, recalling his own intellectual transformation, says also that it was Feyerabend who "confirmed my then incipient suspicions that most of the foundations of currently fashionable philosophy and even a great deal of the methodology to which many scientists pay enthusiastic lip service are based on simple mistake- assumptions whose absurdity becomes obvious once attention is directed at them". And lest the reader thinks, as many still do, that however sharp Feyerabend's attacks upon the philosophical establishment may have been, he does not offer a positive philosophy (a complain made by C.A. Hooker and some of the other contributors), Paul Churchland argues otherwise.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 213
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Philosophical Autobiography -- Selected Correspondence with Geach -- History of Philosophy -- Abelard and Medieval Mereology -- Form, Existence and Essence in Aquinas -- On the Discontinuity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy -- Possibility, Plenitude and Determinism -- Logic -- Plural and Pleonetetic Quantification -- On a Queer Pattern of Argument -- Geach and the Methodology of the Logical Study of Natural Language -- Natural Deduction and Ordinary Language Discourse Structure Identity -- Does Quantification Involve Identity? -- Conceptual Surroundings of Absolute Identity -- On Sameness and Selfhood -- Philosophy of Religion -- Philosophical Confusion and Sin -- On Improving Christianity -- Replies -- Bibliography of Works of P. T. Geach.
    Abstract: The present volume owes its existence to a proposal of Dr Esa Saarinen. Our aim was to celebrate the work of a living philosopher by presenting it both from his own point of view, through the medium of a philosophical autobiography, and from that of his closest philo­ sophical colleagues and adversaries. We felt that a philosophical career lived through vigorous controversy was best reflected not by adulation but in the spirit of that career - by open debate. Contributors were not constrained in their choice of topic, but their contributions fell naturally into groups linked with some of Peter Geach's principal areas of interest, and we have so grouped them in the book. There is an interweaving of biographical and philosophical themes, not only in Peter Geach's philosophical autobiography, but also in the introductions he has contributed to each section. Professor W. V. O. Quine's contribution, which consists of extracts from his correspondence with Peter Geach, has been set apart as it forms a natural bridge between Peter Geach's autobiography and the contri­ butions that follow. Their correspondence reproduced here throws new light on many familiar themes from the writings of both philosophers: among them, the objects of belief and other attitudes, issues in set theory, the nature of causality, and evolution in epistemology.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789401137645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 118
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 118
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: Frank Manuel: An Appreciation -- The Diffusion of Science and the Conversion of the Gentiles in the Seventeenth Century -- Good Aristocrats/Bad Aristocrats: Thomas Hobbes and Early Modern Political Culture -- John Selden and the Nature of Seventeenth-Century Science -- Reason and Revolution: Political Consciousness and Ideological Invention at the End of the Old Regime -- Victor Considerant: The Making of a Fourierist -- Utopia and the Sharpest Anguish of the Age? -- Auguste Comte and the Nebular Hypothesis -- The Profits of America: Early Nineteenth-Century British Travel in the United States -- Hawthorne in Utopia -- Human Rights and Democracy -- Dilthey’s Introduction to the Human Sciences: Liberal Social Thought in the Second Reich -- Above and Beyond Party: The Dilemma of Dossiers de l’Action Populaire in the 1930s.
    Abstract: The broad canvas covered by the articles in the present volume celebrates the diversity and richness of the writings of Frank Manuel during a scholarly career that spans over five decades. The subjects of the articles - ranging from science to utopia, from theology to political thought - mirror many of the themes Manuel has written about with erudition, flair and uncommon perception. It is only fitting that in paying tribute to such a defiant intellect each author brings to his treatment a distinct perspective and texture, the result of his own original forays into the history of ideas. Yet underlying all the essays is the conviction that the study of the intersection of individuals and ideas still yields a rich harvest. Presented to Frank on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, In the Presence o/the Past honors a teacher, a friend and, above all, a scholar. R. T. Bienvenu and M. Feingold (eds). ln the presence of the past. vii. MARTIN PERETZ Frank Manuel: An Appreciation It was finally because of Frank Edward Manuel that I decided (however belatedly) to forgo a proper academic career. Since I had not left so much as a leafscar on the tree of the scholarly culture this is not a fact which anyone else would have reason to notice. It is also not, I am happy to add, something for which Manuel will be especially remembered.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401134941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reason and Argument 4
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I—Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes -- One Conceptions of Vagueness -- 2 Linguistic Behaviour -- 3 Approaches to Vagueness -- II—The Sorites Paradox -- 4 The Paradox -- 5 Responses to the Paradox -- 6 A Solution to the Paradox -- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles -- 8 Vagueness and Perception -- 9 Conclusions.
    Abstract: This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemolog Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: “Ma vie en bref” -- “Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?” -- “Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems” -- “Kant’s ‘Platonic’ Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space” -- “The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz’s Dynamics” -- “Méthode axiomatique et idée de système dans l’oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin” -- “Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate” -- “On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding” -- “Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing” -- “Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent” -- “Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin” -- “Replies” -- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947–1989.
    Abstract: Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789401137621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 365 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 33
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Aesthetics of the Performing Arts: Different Phenomenological Perspectives -- The Theory of Drama and Theatre: A Continuing Investigation of the Aesthetics of Roman Ingarden -- On the Sign Character of the Representing Stratum in a Film as Work of Art -- II Roman Ingarden: Some new Developments in his Scholarship -- The Temporal Composition of the Literary Work of Art and the Reader’s Aesthetic Temporality -- The Mystery of Time in Roman Ingarden’s Philosophy -- Thomas de Quincey and Roman Ingarden: The Phenomenology of the “Literature of Power” -- On Translations (Tr. by Jolanta Wawrzycka) -- III Around the ‘Passions of the Soul’ -- Grand Passions of Humble Folk: “Woyzeck” and “The Jews’ Beech” -- The Enigma of Interpretation in Chagall’s Disposition of Space -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato’s Phaedrus -- The Man of Genius as Artist — Suffering and World Conscience -- The Erotic Phenomenology in Kierkegaard’s Mozart -- The Agamemnon: A Drama of the Passions -- Narrative Time as Interpretation of Human Existence: “Valence” in the Present of The Ambassadors -- IV Philosophical Views Reflected in Literature -- Le langage de la création esthétique dans la phenomenology -- Unity in Vedic Aesthetics: The Self-Interacting Dynamics of the Knower, the Known, and the Process of Knowing -- An Approach to the Structure of the Japanese Elegy, in the Case of Yamanouë No Okura, a Representative Poet of Mannyoshu (The First Collection of Japanese Poetry) -- Fantastic Phenomenology -- Philosophic Filaments in Literature in English: Wordsworth to Pound -- Index of Names.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789401131643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 471 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 134
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 134
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- World Views and Scientific Discipline Formation: How East German Science Studies Contributed to the Fall of the Cultural Wall -- On the Origin and Nature of Scientific Disciplines -- II: Ideas and Institutions -- Relating Evolutionary Theory to the Natural Sciences -- Dialectical Understanding of the Unity of Scientific Knowledge -- History of Science in the GDR: Institutions and Programmatic Positions -- III: Mathematics in a Socio-Political Context -- Historiography of Mathematics: Aims, Methods, Tasks -- The Berlin’ society for Scientific Philosophy’ as Organizational Form of Philosophizing in the Medium of Natural Science -- Mathematics and Ideology in Fascist Germany -- IV: Psychology Constructs its Subject Matter -- Imageless Thought or Stimulus Error? The Social Construction of Private Experience -- The Berlin Psychological Tradition: Between Experiment and Quasi-Experimental Design, 1850–1990 -- Move over Darwin: The Ontogenetic Sources of William Preyer’s Developmental Psychology -- On the Interdisciplinary Genesis of Experimental Methods in Nineteenth-Century German Psychology -- V: Physics in the Context of Philosophy and Theory Of Science -- From Boltzmann to Planck: On Continuity in Scientific Revolutions -- Walther Nernst and Quantum Theory -- Historical Explanations in Modern Physics: The Lesson of Modern Quantum Mechanics -- Fritz London and the Community of Quantum Physicists -- VI: Theory as Method -- The Middle Ages: Darkness in the Sciences -- to the Basic Concepts of Communication-Oriented Science Studies -- Philosophical Problems of Modern Psychology -- VII: Discipline Formation of Philosophy -- Neo-Kantianism and Epistemology: On the Formation of a Philosophical Discipline in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- The Transformation of German Philosophy in the Context of Scientific Research in the Nineteenth Century -- Reform Efforts of Logic at Mid-Nineteenth Century in Germany -- VIII: Biological Evolution in the Mirror of Theories of Evolution -- August Weismann: One of the First Synthetic Theorists of Evolutionary Biology -- Darwin and the German Theologians -- Two Faces of Biologism: Some Reflections on a Difficult Period in the History of Biology in Germany -- What Keeps a Species Together -- IX: Teachers and Students: Chemistry Laboratories and Dissertations -- The Training in Germany of English-Speaking Chemists in the Nineteenth Century and its Profound Influence in America and Britain -- Science and Practice in German Agriculture: Justus von Liebig, Hermann von Liebig, and the Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Things Are Seldom What They Seem: The Story of Non-Phosphorylating Glycolysis -- X: Natural Science and Naturphilosophie -- Goethe’s Morphology of Stones: Between Natural History and Historical Geology -- The Philosophy of Living Things: Schilling’s Naturphilosophie as a Transition to the Philosophy of Identity 339 -- A New Correspondence of the Philosopher F. W. J. Schelling -- The Influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries on Matthias Schleiden -- XI: Science and Society -- The Geographical Vision and the Popular Order of Disciplines, 1848–1870 -- Knowledge Transfer in the Nineteenth Century: Young, Navier, Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge -- Soviet-German Scientific Relations before World War II: Fruitful Cooperation in Different Social Orders -- XII: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge -- Bourgeois Berlin Salons: Meeting Places for Culture and the Sciences -- Max Delbrück: A Physicist in Biology -- ‘Nobody Can Become a Real Engineer Who Has Not Already Become a Whole Person’ -- Summer Institute Program 1988 -- About the Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one­ time 'socialist' countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of 'doing philosophy' was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.
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  • 85
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 596 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 123
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 123
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- I. Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) and Archimedes (287–212 B.C.) -- II. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) -- III. Jerome Cardan (1501–1576) -- IV. The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion -- V. The Alexandrian Sources of Medieval Statics -- 1. The works attributed to Euclid -- 2. The Liber Charastonis, published by Thâbit ibn Qurra -- 3. The treatise De canonio -- VI. Statics During the Middle Ages — Jordanus de Nemore -- 1. What do we know about Jordanus de Nemore? -- 2. Some passages from Aristotle’s Mechanical Problems -- 3. The Elements of Jordanus on the Demonstration of Weights -- VII. The Statics of the Middle Ages (Continued) — The School of Jordanus -- 1. The Genesis of the Liber Euclidis de ponderibus -- 2. The Peripatetic transformation of the Elementa Jordani -- 3. The Precursor of Leonardo da Vinci. Discovery of the concept of moment. Solution to the problem of the inclined plane -- 4. The Treatise on Weights according to Master Blasius of Parma -- VIII. The Statics of the Middle Ages and Leonardo da Vinci -- 1. The School of Jordanus, the Treatise of Blasius of Parma and the Statics of Leonardo da Vinci -- 2. The Composition of Forces -- 3. The Problem of the Inclined Plane -- IX. The School of Jordanus in the 16th Century — Nicolo Tartaglia -- 1. Nicolo Tartaglia or Tartalea -- 2. Jerome Cardan. — Alexander Piccolomini. — -- X. The Reaction Against Jordanus — Guido Ubaldo — G.B. Benedetti -- 1. Guido Ubaldo, Marquis del Monte (1545–1607) -- 2. Giovanbattista Benedetti (1530–1590) -- XI. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). -- XII. Simon Stevin (1548–1620). -- XIII. The French Contribution to Statics — Roberval -- 1. Salomon de Caus. The Early Works of F. Mersenne. The Course on Mathematics by Pierre Hérigone -- 2. Gilles Persone de Roberval (1602–1675) -- XIV. The French Contribution to Statics (Continued) — René Descartes (1596–1650) -- Preface -- XV. The Mechanical Properties of the Center of Gravity from Albert of Saxony to Evangelista Torricelli -- First Period —From Albert of Saxony to the Copernican Revolution -- Second Period — From the Copernician Revolution to Torricelli -- XVI. The Doctrine of Albert of Saxony and the Geostaticians -- 1. How the notion of the center of gravity was refined. The influence of Kepler -- 2. How the notion of the center of gravity was refined (continued). The geostaticians -- XVII. The Systematization of the Laws of Statics -- 1. F. Marin Mersenne (1588–1648), Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), F. Zucchi (1586–1670), F. Honoré Fabri (1606–1688) -- 2. The Traité de Méchanique of Roberval -- 3. John Wallis (1616–1703) -- 4. The great treatises of statics from the Jesuit school. F. Dechales (1621–1678), F. Paolo Casati (1617–1707) -- 5. The reaction against the methods of virtual velocities and virtual work; Jacques Rohault (1620–1675), F. Pardies (1636–1673). The Treatises of F. Lamy, The De motu animalium of Borelli -- 6. The Parallelogram of Forces and Dynamics. The Observations of Roberval. Varignon (1654–1722). The Letter of F. Lamy. The Principia of Newton. The Neo-Statics of F. Saccheri -- 7. The Letter of Jean Bernoulli to Varignon (1717). The definitive formulation of the Principle of Virtual Displacements -- Note A. On the Identity of Charistion and Heriston -- Note B. Jordanus de Nemore and Roger Bacon -- Note C. On the Various Axioms Permitting the Deduction of the Theory of the Lever.
    Abstract: If ever a major study of the history of science should have acted like a sudden revolution it is this book, published in two volumes in 1905 and 1906 under the title, Les origines de la statique. Paris, the place of publication, and the Librairie scientifique A. Hermann that brought it be enough of a guarantee to prevent a very different out, could seem to outcome. Without prompting anyone, for some years yet, to follow up the revolutionary vistas which it opened up, Les origines de la statique certainly revolutionized Duhem's remaining ten or so years. He became the single-handed discoverer of a vast new land of Western intellectual history. Half a century later it could still be stated about the suddenly proliferating studies in medieval science that they were so many commentariesonDuhem's countlessfindings and observations. Of course, in 1906, Paris and the intellectual world in general were mesmerized by Bergson's Evolution creatrice, freshly off the press. It was meant to bring about a revolution. Bergson challenged head-on the leading dogma of the times, the idea of mechanistic evolution. He did so by noting, among other things, that to speak of vitalism was at least a roundabout recognition of scientific ignorance about a large number of facts concerning life-processes. He held high the idea of a "vital impetus passing through matter," and indeed through all matter or the universe, an impetus thatcould be detected only through intuitiveknowledge.
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  • 86
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 588 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 127
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 127
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The Tradition -- One: Aristotelian and Platonic Conceptions of Explanation -- Two: Aristotle’s Philosophy of Nature and Theory of Potentiality -- Three: Plato’s Concept of the Actual and His Philosophy of Nature -- II: The Logical Revolution -- Four: The Copernican Harmony -- Five: Bacon’s Informative Logic -- Six: Informativity and Paradox: Galileo’s Conception of the Nature of Physical Reality -- Seven: Descartes’ Informative Logic -- III: Newton’s Physics and its Critics -- Eight: Actual Infinity and Newton’s Calculus -- Nine: Newton’s Logic of Space and Time -- Ten: Modern Newtonian Historiography and the Puzzle of Newton’s Absolute Space -- Eleven: Absolute Motion and the Nature of Inertial Forces -- Twelve: Locke and the Meaning of “Empiricism” -- Thirteen: Newton’s Invention of the Problem of Induction -- Fourteen: Circularity and Newton’s Philosophy of Nature -- Fifteen: Leibniz’s Aristotelian Philosophy of Nature -- Sixteen: Berkeley’s Aristotelian Critique of Newton’s Physics -- Epilogue -- Appendix: Some Basic Ideas in Newton’s Physics -- Notes.
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  • 87
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 473 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Overview -- Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind: An Overview -- II. Connectionism vs. Classical Cognitive Science -- Connectionism, Computation, and Cognition -- Connectionism and the Notion of Levels -- Representation and Rule-Instantiation in Connectionist Systems -- What Connectionists Cannot Do: The Threat to Classical AI -- III. Connectionism and Conditioning -- Connectionism in Pavlovian Harness -- Connectionism and Conditioning -- IV. Does Cognition Require Syntactically Structured Representations? -- Systematicity, Structured Representations and Cognitive Architecture: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- An Explanatory Budget for Connectionism and Eliminativism -- Settling into a New Paradigm -- Putting a Price on Cognition -- V. Can Connectionism Provide Syntactically Structured Representations? -- The Constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- Representation in Pictorialism and Connectionism -- Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity: Why Smolensky’s Solution Doesn’t Work -- Classical Questions, Radical Answers: Connectionism and the Structure of Mental Representations -- Connectionism versus Symbolism in High-Level Cognition -- VI. Connectionism and Philosophy -- Connectionism and the Specter of Representationalism -- Is Perception Cognitively Mediated -- Leaping to Conclusions: Connectionism, Consciousness, and the Computational Mind -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. One of the most, if not the most, exciting developments within cognitive science has been the emergence of connectionism as an alternative to the computational conception of the mind that tends to dominate the discipline. In this volume, John Tienson and Terence Horgan have brought together a fine collection of stimulating studies on connectionism and its significance. As the Introduction explains, the most pressing questions concern whether or not connectionism can provide a new conception of the nature of mentality. By focusing on the similarities and differences between connectionism and other approaches to cognitive science, the chapters of this book supply valuable resources that advance our understanding of these difficult issues. J.H.F.
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400918887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 116
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 116
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Psychologism and Logical Analysis -- 1. The Debate about Psychologism -- 2. Frege’s Critique of Psychologism -- 3. Propositions and Facts -- 4. Kantian and Platonic Fragments -- 5. Senses as Modes of Givenness -- II Semantics Without Epistemology -- 1. From Semantics to Pragmatism -- 2. Wittgenstein’s Metaphors -- 3. Private Sensations and Public Concepts -- 4. Tacit and Prepositional Knowing -- III. Quantifiers and Bound Variables -- 1. Functions and Concepts -- 2. Frege’s Critique of Traditional Logic -- 3. The Quantifier-Variable Notation -- 4. Leibniz’ Law -- 5. Concepts and their value-ranges: Two Paradoxes -- 6. Substitution vs. Intuition -- IV. On What There is -- 1. The Many Senses of the Science of Being -- 2. The Theory of Substance: From Aristotle to Leibniz -- 3. Frege’s Critique of the Theory of Substance -- 4. Concepts: Modes of Presentation or Extensions -- 5. Referential Opacity -- 6. The Impoverishment of Ontology -- V. Assertion and Predication -- 1. The Development of the Modern Theory of Judgment -- 2. Intentional Directedness and Propositional Attitudes -- 3. Brentano and Frege -- 4. Strawson’s Critique of Russell -- 5. Sortal Predicates and Contextual Identification -- VI. Psychologism and Cognitive Intuition -- 1. From Soul to Mind -- 2. Husserl’s Breakthrough: Early Writings -- 3. Husserl and the Language of Modern Philosophy -- 4. Signs and Signification -- 5. Judgments and Propositions -- 6. The Context of Reference -- 7. Truth as Identity-synthesis -- 8. Categorial Intuition -- 9. A Productive Paradox -- VII. Husserl’s Transcendental Turn -- 1. Kant’s Transcendentalism -- 2. The Idea of Phenomenology -- 3. Regions and Dimensions -- 4. Propositions and Facts: A Transcendental Approach -- VIII. Reason and History -- 1. Esprit de géométrie -- 2. Naturalism and the Logical Calculus -- 3. Naturalism and Historicism -- 4. Essences and Historical Perspectives.
    Abstract: The principal differences between the contemporary philosophic traditions which have come to be known loosely as analytic philosophy and phenomenology are all related to the central issue of the interplay between predication and perception. Frege's critique of psychologism has led to the conviction within the analytic tradition that philosophy may best defend rationality from relativism by detaching logic and semantics from all dependence on subjective intuitions. On this interpretation, logical analysis must account for the relationship of sense to reference without having recourse to a description of how we identify particulars through their perceived features. Husserl' s emphasis on the priority and objective import of perception, and on the continuity between predicative articulations and perceptual discriminations, has yielded the conviction within the phenomenological tradition that logical analysis should always be comple­ mented by description of pre-predicative intuitions. These methodological differences are related to broader differences in the philosophic projects of analysis and phenomenology. The two traditions have adopted markedly divergent positions in reaction to the critique of ancient and medieval philosophy initiated by Bacon, Descartes, and Hobbes at the beginning of the modern era. The analytic approach generally endorses the modern preference for calculative rationality and remains suspicious of pre-modern categories, such as formal causality and eidetic intuition. Its goal is to give an account of human intelligence that is compatible with the modern interpretation of nature as an ensemble of quantifiable entities and relations.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789400920798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (688p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 124
    DDC: 530.01
    Keywords: Physics ; Science Philosophy ; History
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789400907072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 311 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Agency in Observation and Experiment -- 1: The Procedural Turn -- 2: Action and Interpretation -- 3: Making Perception Possible -- 4: Making Curves -- 5: Making Circular Motion -- 6: Representing Experimentation -- 2: Making Natural Phenomena -- 7: A Realistic Role for Experiment -- 8: The Experimenter’s Redress -- 9: Empiricism in Practice -- 10: Experiment and Meaning -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: . . . the topic of 'meaning' is the one topic discussed in philosophy in which there is literally nothing but 'theory' - literally nothing that can be labelled or even ridiculed as the 'common sense view'. Putnam, 'The Meaning of Meaning' This book explores some truths behind the truism that experimentation is a hallmark of scientific activity. Scientists' descriptions of nature result from two sorts of encounter: they interact with each other and with nature. Philosophy of science has, by and large, failed to give an account of either sort of interaction. Philosophers typically imagine that scientists observe, theorize and experiment in order to produce general knowledge of natural laws, knowledge which can be applied to generate new theories and technologies. This view bifurcates the scientist's world into an empirical world of pre-articulate experience and know­ how and another world of talk, thought and argument. Most received philosophies of science focus so exclusively on the literary world of representations that they cannot begin to address the philosophical problems arising from the interaction of these worlds: empirical access as a source of knowledge, meaning and reference, and of course, realism. This has placed the epistemological burden entirely on the predictive role of experiment because, it is argued, testing predictions is all that could show that scientists' theorizing is constrained by nature. Here a purely literary approach contributes to its own demise. The epistemological significance of experiment turns out to be a theoretical matter: cruciality depends on argument, not experiment.
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400905573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Ethics ; History ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Nature of Philosophy of Technology -- In Search of a New Prometheus -- Defining Horizons: A Reply to Joseph C. Pitt -- Process Themes in Frederick Ferré’s Philosophy of Technology -- Clarifying and Applying Intelligence: A Reply to Peter Limper -- II Deficiencies in Engineering Ethics -- Imagination for Engineering Ethicists -- Engineering Ethics and Political Imagination -- III Systems Theories -- Computer and World Picture: A Critical Appraisal of Herbert A. Simon -- Changes in Cognitive and Value Orientations in System Design -- IV Historical, Cultural, and Political Critiques -- Democratic Socialism and Technological Change -- Philosophy, Engineering, and Western Culture -- Alternatives for Evaluating the Effects of Genetic Engineering on Human Development -- The Alarmist View of Technology -- An Interpretation of Jacques Ellul’s Dialectical Method.
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: DEPARTMENTS, SPECIALIZATION, AND PROFESSIONALIZATION IN AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION For over half of its history, U.S. higher education turned out mostly cler­ gymen and lawyers. Looking back on that period, we might be tempted to think that this meant specialized training for the ministry or the practice of law. That, however, was not the case. What a college education in the U.S. prepared young men (almost exclusively) for, from the founding of Harvard College in 1636 through the founding of hundreds of denominational colleges in the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, was leadership in the community. Professionalization and specialization only began to take root, and then became the dominant mode in U.S. higher education, in the period roughly from 1860--1920. In subsequent decades, that seemed to many critics to signal the end of what might be called "education in wisdom," the preparation of leaders for a broad range of responsibilities. Professionalization, specialization, and departmentalization of higher education in the U.S. began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789400921450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Series Editor’s Preface -- Foreword -- Preface -- I. The Linguistic Veto -- 1. Philosophy as scientific theory -- 2. The verification problem and religious language in Wittgenstein’s early work -- 3. The interpretation of religious statements as basic-propostitions and “quoque tu argument” -- 4. Syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics -- 5. Philosophy as linguistic-analysis -- II. On the Problem of the Use of Religious Language -- 1. Rationalist criticism of the religious proposition -- 2. The three main trends in the analytical philosophy of religion -- 3. Neutrality in method and religious interest -- 4. The uniqueness of the religious use of language -- 5. “Believing that” and “believing in” -- III. Belief Without Truth -- 1. Founding the emotive turn in meaning according to Wittgenstein. -- 2. The reduction theory of the religious statement -- 3. Existential participation -- 4. “Blik” and the decision for belief -- 5. The religious attitude and its justification -- IV. Belief as Truth -- 1. Foundation of the analytical theory of comprehension -- 2. The religious language game -- 3. Criteria for the religious use of language -- 4. Analogical principle -- 5. Intelligibility and truth -- V. Belief and Truth -- 1. The foundation of the linguistic analytical theory of truth -- 2. Is existence a predicate? -- 3. The ontological proof of God -- 4. Criticism of Ontological Proof -- 5. Eschatological Verification -- Epilogue -- Footnotes -- List of Abbreviations.
    Abstract: The task of the following considerations is the elucidation of the relationship of religion to thought. Every philosophical investigation with this task proceeds under the expectation that it will take into account religious self-understanding. Herein lies the special difficulty of a philosophical theory of religion. On the one hand, the philosopher of religion may not assume this self-understanding in order to avoid offering a religious theory (a theology) instead of the philosophical theory expected from him. On the other hand, he cannot by-pass religious self-understanding because this is the key to insight into the uniqueness of religious discourse. Without knowledge of this uniqueness, it is impossible to indicate the conditions under which religious statements lead to the question of truth. Even if religion cannot prescribe to philosophical investigation, whose methods the latter must apply to examine its object, it may in addition require that the standard by which it is measured be suited to grasp those special characteristics which mark it as different from other realms of life. Therefore, it may be required of the philosophical interpretation, that the question of the legitimacy and validity of religious self-understanding be treated from the very beginning as an open one, and not as one already decided. If this question is rashly decided in the negative, then all analysis of religious propositions is necessarily done along the guidelines of a method that in its foundation masks of the religious thematic.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400918788
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 120
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 120
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Galileo Studies -- The Dating and Significance of Galileo’s Pisan Manuscripts -- Galileo Galilei: An Astronomer at Work -- Galileo’s Theorem of Equivalence: The Missing Keystone of his Theory of Motion -- Was Galileo a Metaphysicist? -- Drake against the Philosophers -- II From The Renaissance to the Scientific Revolution -- Alhazen’s Debt to Ptolemy’s Optics -- Regiomontanus on the Critical Problems of Astronomy -- III Science Since Galileo -- G. D. Cassini and the Number of the Planets: An Example of Seventeenth-Century Astro-Numerological Patronage -- Lavoisier: Language, Instruments and the Chemical Revolution -- The Inductive Sciences in Nineteenth-Century England -- Darwin Studies at Work: A Re-examination of Three Decisive Years (1835–37) -- The Background to Heinrich Hertz’s Experiments in Electrodynamics -- Science and History of Science -- IV Concerning Books -- The Stillman Drake Galileo Collection -- A Bibliography of the Writings of Stillman Drake, compiled by James MacLachlan -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is a tribute to Stillman Drake by some of his friends and colleagues, and by others on whom his work has had a formative influence. It is difficult to know him without succumbing to his combination of discipline and enthusiasm, even in fields remote from Renaissance physics and natural philosophy; and so he should not be surprised in this volume to see emphases and methods congenial to him, even on topics as remote as Darwin or the chemical revolution. Therein lies whatever unity the discerning reader may find in this book, beyond the natural focus and coherence of the largest section, on Galileo, and the final section on Drake's collection of books, a major and now accessible resource for research in the field that he has made his own. We have chosen, as the occasion for presenting the volume to Stillman Drake, Galileo's birthday; Galileo has had more than one birthday party in Toronto since Drake came to the University of Toronto. As for the title, it reflects a shared conviction that experiment is the key to science; it is what scientists do. Drake has already asserted that emphasis in the title of his magisterial Galileo at Work, and we echo it here. Those who have had the privilege and pleasure of working and arguing with Stillman over the years know his tenacity, penetration, and vigour. They also know his generosity and humility. We owe him much.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789400921351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 37
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; History ; Medicine—History. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: Philosophy of Medicine in Poland -- II. The Last Follower of ‘Medical Systems’ or a Pioneer of a New Approach to Therapy? -- II.a. Text of Cha?ubi?iski: Excerpts from The Method of Finding Therapeutic Indications (1874) -- III. Edmund Biernacki on the Science of Diseases and the Art of Healing -- III.a. Text of Biernacki: Excerpts from The Essence and the Limits of Medical Knowledge (1898) -- IV. W?adys?aw Biega?ski Between the Logic of Science and the Logic of Medicine -- IV.a. Texts of Biega?ski: Excerpts from General Problems of the Theory of Medical Sciences (1897) -- Thoughts and Aphorisms on Medical Ethics (1899) -- The Logic of Medicine or the Critique of Medical Knowledge (1908) -- V. Zygmunt Kramsztyk and the Critical Evaluation of Medical Practice -- V.a. Texts of Kramsztyk: ‘Rational Treatment’ (1897) -- ‘Is Medicine an Art or a Science?’ (1895) -- ‘A Clinical Fact’ (1898) -- ‘On Being-up to Date’ (1907) -- VI. From Medical Critique to the Archives of the History and Philosophy of Medicine: The Institutionalization of Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine -- VI.a. Texts of Wrzosek and Trzebi?ski: Wrzosek: ‘Trends in contemporary medicine’ (1900) -- Trzebi?ski: ‘Rationality and ‘Rationalism’ in Medicine’ (1925) -- ‘Absurdity in Medicine’ (1927) -- VII. From Philosophy of Medicine to a Constructivist and Relativist Epistemology -- VII.a. Texts of Fleck and Bilikiewicz Fleck: ‘some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking’ (1927) -- Fleck: ‘On the Crisis of ‘Reality’’ (1929) -- Fleck: ‘Science and Social Context’ (1939) -- Bilikiewicz: ‘Comments on Ludwik Fleck’s ‘Science and Social Context’’ (1939) -- Fleck: ‘Rejoinder to the Comments of Tadeusz Bilikiewicz’ (1939) -- Bilikiewicz: ‘Reply to the Rejoinder by Ludwik Fleck’ (1939) -- VIII. Conclusions: Philosophizing at the Bedside -- Name Index.
    Abstract: My 'discovery' of the Polish School of philosophy of medicine stemmed from my studies in the genesis of Ludwik Fleck's epistemology. These studies, and my interest in the scientific roots of Fleck's epistemology were a nearly 'natural' result of my own biography: like Fleck I had been trained, an had worked as an immunologist, and had later switched to studies in the social history of medicine and biology. Moreover, it so happened that Fleck's book, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact -the description of a science as it is, not as it should be -was the first epistemological study in which I found echos of my experience in the laboratory. My interest in Fleck was also highlightened by the fact that in his works, and, as I discovered later, in the works of his predecessors of the Polish School of philosophy of medicine, was formulated the problem that had stimulated my interest in the history of medicine and biology, and is still central to my present investigations: the relationships between biological knowledge and clinical practice. The writing of the book was made possible through to the help of many colleagues and friends. The unfailing support for my research, whatever its subject might be, from my colleagues from Unit 158 of INSERM and in particular from its head Patrice Pinell, has made my study of the Polish School possible.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789400919440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 129
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 129
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: 1. Some Further Comments on Newton and Maimonides -- 2. The Crisis of Polytheism and the Answers of Vossius, Cudworth, and Newton -- 3. Polytheism, Deism, and Newton -- 4. The Newtonians and Deism -- 5. Newton’s God of Dominion: The Unity of Newton’s Theological, Scientific, and Political Thought -- 6. Newton as a Bible Scholar -- 7. Sir Isaac Newton, “Gentleman of Wide Swallow”?: Newton and the Latitudinarians -- 8. The Breakdown of the Newtonian Synthesis of Science and Religion: Hume, Newton, and the Royal Society -- 9. Newton and Fundamentalism, II -- 10. Hume’s Interest in Newton and Science.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is the fruit of about fifteen years of discussion and research by James Force and me. As I look back on it, our interest and concern with Newton's theological ideas began in 1975 at Washington University in St. Louis. James Force was a graduate student in philosophy and I was a professor there. For a few years before, I had been doing research and writing on Millenarianism and Messianism in the 17th and 18th centuries, touching occasionally on Newton. I had bought a copy of Newton's Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John for a few pounds and, occasionally, read in it. In the Spring of 1975 I was giving a graduate seminar on Millenarian and Messianic ideas in the development of modem philosophy. Force was in the seminar. One day he came very excitedly up to me and said he wanted to write his dissertation on William Whiston. At that point in history, the only thing that came to my mind about Whiston was that he had published a, or the, standard translation of Josephus (which I also happened to have in my library. ) Force told me about the amazing views he had found in Whiston's notes on Josephus and in some of the few writings he could find in St. Louis by, or about, Whiston, who was Newton's successor as Lucasian Professor of mathematics at Cambridge and who wrote inordinately on Millenarian theology.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 121
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 121
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: I: Science Classical Greece -- 1. The Role of Observation in Plato’s Conception of Astronomy -- 2. The Unity of Scientific Inquiry and Categorial Theory in Aristotle -- 3. Knowledge and Belief in Plato’s Republic -- 4. Some Thoughts on Explanation in Ancient Philosophy -- 5. Alcmeon’s and Hippocrates’s Concept of Aetia -- 6. Experience and Causal Explanation in Medical Empiricism -- 7. Soul as Attunement: An Analogy or a Model? -- 8. The Hypotheses of Mathematics in Plato’s Republic and His Contribution to the Axiomatization of Geometry -- 9. Rediscovering Some Stoic Arguments -- 10. Models of Change: A Common Ground for Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science -- 11. Criteria Concerning the Birth of a New Science: The Case of Greek Astronomy -- II: Science and the Modern Greek Enlightenment -- 12. The Idea of Science in the Modern Greek Enlightenment -- 13. The History of the Theory of Natural Sciences: A Paradigm -- III: Science Studies -- 14. Evolutionary Epistemology on Universals as Innate Classificatory Devices -- 15. The Development of Freudian Theory: The Role of the ‘Centre’ and the ‘Excentric’ in Theory Production and Diffusion -- 16. Law and Economics: Methodological Problems in Their Interdisciplinary Cooperation -- IV: Studies of Physics -- 17. From Gases and Liquids to Fluids: The Formation of New Concepts During the Development of Theories of Liquids -- 18. A Matter of Order: A Controversy between Heisenberg and London -- 19. Once Again on the Meaning of Physical Concepts -- 20. Locality: A New Enigma for Physics -- V: Philosophical Studies -- 21. Schlick’s Epistemology and Its Contribution to Modern Empiricism -- 22. On Theoretical Terms -- 23. Leibniz on Density and Sequential or Cauchy Completeness -- 24. Frege: Theory of Meaning or Philosophy of Science? -- 25. The Plato-Wittgenstein Route to the Pragmatics of Falsification -- 26. Wittgenstein, Rationality and Relativism -- Notes on the Authors.
    Abstract: Our Greek colleagues, in Greece and abroad, must know (indeed they do know) how pleasant it is to recognize the renaissance of the philosophy of science among them with this fine collection. Classical and modern, technical and humane, historical and logical, admirably original and respectfully traditional, these essays will deserve close study by philosophical readers throughout the world. Classical scholars and historians of science likewise will be stimulated, and the historians of ancient as well as modern philosophers too. Reviewers might note one or more of the contributions as of special interest, or as subject to critical wrestling (that ancient tribute); we will simply congratulate Pantelis Nicolacopoulos for assembling the essays and presenting the book, and we thank the contributors for their works and for their happy agreement to let their writings appear in this book. R. S. C. xi INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Neither philosophy nor science is new to Greece, but philosophy of science is. There are broader (socio-historical) and more specific (academic) reasons that explain, to a satisfactory degree, both the under-development of philosophy and history of science in Greece until recently and its recent development to international standards. It is, perhaps, not easy to have in mind the fact that the modem Greek State is only 160 years old (during quite a period of which it was consider­ ably smaller than it is today, its present territory having been settled after World War II).
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789400906198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 122
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Method, Theory, and Statistics: The Lesson of Physics -- The Theory of Natural Selection as a Null Theory -- Causality and Exogeneity in econometric models -- Statistics in Expert Resolution: A Theory of Weights for Combining Expert Opinion -- Short and Long Term Survival Analysis in Oncological Research -- A Statistical Approach to the Study of Pollen Fitness -- Statistics in Genetics: Human Migrations Detected by Multivariate Techniques -- Quantum Probability and the Foundations of Quantum Theory -- Indistinguishability, Interchangeability and Indeterminism -- The Non Frequency Approach to Elementary Particle Statistics -- Name Index.
    Abstract: An inference may be defined as a passage of thought according to some method. In the theory of knowledge it is customary to distinguish deductive and non-deductive inferences. Deductive inferences are truth preserving, that is, the truth of the premises is preserved in the con­ clusion. As a result, the conclusion of a deductive inference is already 'contained' in the premises, although we may not know this fact until the inference is performed. Standard examples of deductive inferences are taken from logic and mathematics. Non-deductive inferences need not preserve truth, that is, 'thought may pass' from true premises to false conclusions. Such inferences can be expansive, or, ampliative in the sense that the performances of such inferences actually increases our putative knowledge. Standard non-deductive inferences do not really exist, but one may think of elementary inductive inferences in which conclusions regarding the future are drawn from knowledge of the past. Since the body of scientific knowledge is increasing, it is obvious that the method of science must allow non-deductive as well as deductive inferences. Indeed, the explosive growth of science in recent times points to a prominent role for the former. Philosophers of science have long tried to isolate and study the non-deductive inferences in science. The inevitability of such inferences one the one hand, juxtaposed with the poverty of all efforts to identify them, constitutes one of the major cognitive embarrassments of our time.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 125
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 125
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Problems of Time in Psychology -- 1. Stream of Consciousness and durée réelle -- 2. The Elusive Nature of the Past -- 3. The Fiction of Instants -- 4. Two Types of Continuity -- 5. Process and Personality in Bergson’s Thought -- 6. Russell’s Hidden Bergsonism -- II. Matter, Causation, and Time -- 7. The Development of Reichenbach’s Epistemology -- 8. The Significance of Piaget’s Researches on the Psychogenesis of Atomism -- 9. Toward a Widening of the Notion of Causality -- 10. Simple Location and Fragmentation of Reality -- 11. Particles or Events? -- III. The Status of Time in the Relativistic Physics -- 12. The End of the Laplacian Illusion -- 13. Eternal Recurrence — Once More -- 14. Note About Whitehead’s Definition of Co-Presence -- 15. Bergson and Louis De Broglie -- 16. What is Living and What is Dead in the Bergsonian Critique of Relativity -- 17. Time-Space Rather than Space-Time -- IV. Bibliography of Mili??apek.
    Abstract: At last his students and colleagues, his friends and his friendly critics, his fellow-scientist and fellow-philosophers, have the works of Milic Capek before them in one volume, aside from his books of course. Now the development of his interests and his thoughts, always led centrally by his concern to understand 'the philosophical impact of contemporary physics', becomes clear. In the nearly 90 essays and papers, and in his book on the philosophical impact as well as his classical restatement of process philosophy in his Bergson and Modern Physics, Professor Capek establishes one of the fundamental alternatives to the comprehension of human experience, and thereby of the world. Capek is certainly to be seen with respect and admiration, for he has dealt with the deepest and toughest of scientific as well as metaphysical problems: his major efforts in the philosophy of mind focussed upon the time of experience, and in the philosophy of physics focussed upon continuity, causality and again the temporal, now in the world-picture.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789400920071
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One / John of the Cross -- 1.1. Preliminary Remarks -- 1.2. The Man -- 1.3. The Texts -- Two / The Doctrine of St. John of the Cross: The Structure of the Human Person -- 2.1. The Sensory Part of the Soul -- 2.2. The “Spiritual Part” of the Soul -- Three / The Doctrine of St. John of the Cross: The Dynamics of Spiritual Development -- 3.1. The Starting Point: Human Existence as “Fallen” -- 3.2. The Stages and Means of Spiritual Growth -- 3.3. The Goal of Religious Development -- Four / Some Transitional Observations on the Nature of Christian Mysticism and the Data to Be Explained -- 4.1. Toward a More Adequate Characterization of Christian Mysticism -- 4.2. The Data to Be Explained -- Five / Some Objections Considered -- 5.1 Objections Based on the Problem of Inter-Subjective Agreement -- 5.2. Objections Based on the Issue of Testability -- 5.3. Other Objections -- Six / Mysticism and the Explanatory Mode of Inference -- 6.1. Explanations and the Explanatory Mode of Inference -- 6.2. Competing Explanations of Mysticism -- 6.3. The Reasonableness of Accepting Mysticism as a Cognitive Mode of Experience -- Seven / Conclusions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Among Anglo-American philosophers, interest in mysticism has typically been limited to the question of whether or not mystical and religious experi­ ences provide evidence for, or knowledge of, the existence and nature of God. Most authors conclude that they do not, because such experiences lack certain qualities needed in order to be counted as cognitive. In this study I examine some current philosophical opinions about mysticism and objec­ tions to its epistemic significance in the context of a detailed study of the writings of a single mystical author, the Spanish Carmelite Saint John of the Cross (1542-1591). I argue that from his works one can draw a coherent theory of what takes place in the Christian mystical life, and will indicate how acceptance of this theory might be defended as rational through a type of inference often referred to as the "Argument to the Best Explanation. " In this way I hope to show that mysticism still has a significant bearing on the justification of religious faith even if it cannot be used to "prove" the exis­ tence of God. The nature and advantages of my own somewhat unusual approach to mysticism can perhaps best be explained by contrasting it with the way other authors have dealt with the subject. One of the most striking develop­ ments in recent decades has been the growing fascination with mysticism, meditation, and the experiential aspects of religion.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789400920279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One The Life Significance of Literature -- A. History and Phenomenological Literary Theory -- The Concept of Autonomous Art and Literature Within Their Historical Context -- B. Time and Description in Fiction -- On the Manifold Significance of Time in the Novel -- One Autobiographer’s Reality: Robbe-Grillet -- Heidegger and English Poetry -- Expressionist Signs and Metaphors in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time -- Two Phenomenology and Literature: The Human Conditon -- A. The Primeval Sources of Literary Creation -- Faulkner/Lévinas: The Vivacity of Disaster -- The Recursive Matrix: Jealousy and the Epistemophilic Crisis -- Phenomenology and the Structure of Desirability -- B. The Experience of the Other -- The Voice of Luxembourg Poets -- The Ramatoulaye-Aissatou Styles in Contemporary African Feminism(s) -- Nature and Civilization as Metaphor in Michel Rio’s Dreaming Jungles -- Problems of Literary Expression in Les Nourritures Terrestres -- Lucie Sebetka: The Phenomenon of Abandonment in Milan Kundera’s The Joke -- Three Aesthetic Reception -- A. Life-Reverberation and Aesthetic Enjoyment -- “Essential Witnesses”: Imagism’s Aesthetic “Protest” and “Rescue” via Ancient Chinese Poetry -- Towards a Post-Modern Hermeneutic Ontology of Art: Nietzschean Style and Heideggerian Truth -- Le Véritable Saint Genest: From Text to Performance -- B. The Existential Significance of Aesthetic Enjoyment -- Husserl, Fantasy and Possible Worlds -- Phenomenological Ontology and Second Person Narrative: The Case of Butor and Fuentes -- Modifications: A Reading of Auden and Iser -- C. Aesthetic Reception and the Other Arts -- A Study of Visual Form in Literary Imagery -- Indian and Western Music: Phenomenological Comparison from Tagore’s Viewpoint -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: and the one in the middle which judges as he enjoys and enjoys as he judges. This latter kind really reproduces the work of art anew. The division of our Symposium into three sections is justified by the fact that phenomenology, from Husserl, Heidegger, Moritz Geiger, Ingarden, in Germany and Poland, Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, E. Levinas in France, Unamuno in Spain, and Tymieniecka, in the United States, have revealed striking coincidences in trying to answer the following questions: What is the philosophical vocation of literature? Does literature have any significance for our lives? Why does the lyric moment, present in all creative endeavors, in myth, dance, plastic art, ritual, poetry, lift the human life to a higher and authentically human level of the existential experience of man? Our investigations answer our fundamental inquiry: What makes a literary work a work of art? What makes a literary work a literary work, if not aesthetic enjoyment? As much as the formation of an aesthetic language culminates in artistic creation, the formation of a philosophical language lives within the orbit of creative imagination.
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