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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (437)
  • 1995-1999  (437)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (306)
  • Boston, MA :Safari,  (131)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mastering self-leadership : empowering yourself for personal excellence (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 132 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 303.3/4
    Keywords: Leadership ; Self-actualization (Psychology) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A brief inexpensive paperback on self-management. KEY TOPICS: This book explores methods for achieving personal goals using self-assessment, self-reward, and self-punishment concepts and exercises. This revision includes a new chapter on Self Leadership within Teams. The practical, applied assessment exercises and activities both build and reinforce the skills all managers need to manage themselves and employees.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    BSZ
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    XML pocket reference (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: iii, 107 p. ; , 18 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: World Wide Web ; XML (Document markup language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: XML, the Extensible Markup Language, is the next-generation markup language for the Web. It provides a more structured (and therefore more powerful) medium than HTML, allowing us to define new document types and stylesheets as needed. Although the generic tags of HTML are sufficient for everyday text, XML gives us a way to add rich, well-defined markup to electronic documents. The XML Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to XML terminology and syntax, and a quick reference to XML instructions, attributes, entities, and datatypes. It also covers XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language), necessary to ensure that your XML documents have a consistent look and feel across platforms. Although XML itself is complex, its basic concepts are simple. This small book acts both as a perfect tutorial for learning the basics of XML, and as a reference to the XML and XSL specifications.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565927095/?ar
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cisco IOS 12.0 quality of service (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN, USA : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxvii, 250 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.68
    Keywords: Cisco IOS ; Computer networks ; Management ; Quality control ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cisco IOS 12.0 Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide is a comprehensive guide detailing available Cisco IOS quality of service (QoS) features. This book suggests benefits you can gain from implementing Cisco IOS QoS features, and describes how to effectively configure and implement the various QoS features. Some of the features described in this book include Committed Access Rate (CAR), Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ), and Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED), as well as many other features.
    Note: "Cisco documentation"--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1578701619/?ar
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Open sources : voices from the open source revolution (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 272 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Linux ; Open source software ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Freely available source code, with contributions from thousands of programmers around the world: this is the spirit of the software revolution known as Open Source. Open Source has grabbed the computer industry's attention. Netscape has opened the source code to Mozilla; IBM supports Apache; major database vendors haved ported their products to Linux. As enterprises realize the power of the open-source development model, Open Source is becoming a viable mainstream alternative to commercial software.Now in Open Sources , leaders of Open Source come together for the first time to discuss the new vision of the software industry they have created. The essays in this volume offer insight into how the Open Source movement works, why it succeeds, and where it is going.For programmers who have labored on open-source projects, Open Sources is the new gospel: a powerful vision from the movement's spiritual leaders. For businesses integrating open-source software into their enterprise, Open Sources reveals the mysteries of how open development builds better software, and how businesses can leverage freely available software for a competitive business advantage.The contributors here have been the leaders in the open-source arena: Brian Behlendorf (Apache) Kirk McKusick (Berkeley Unix) Tim O'Reilly (Publisher, O'Reilly & Associates) Bruce Perens (Debian Project, Open Source Initiative) Tom Paquin and Jim Hamerly (mozilla.org, Netscape) Eric Raymond (Open Source Initiative) Richard Stallman (GNU, Free Software Foundation, Emacs) Michael Tiemann (Cygnus Solutions) Linus Torvalds (Linux) Paul Vixie (Bind) Larry Wall (Perl) This book explains why the majority of the Internet's servers use open- source technologies for everything from the operating system to Web serving and email. Key technology products developed with open-source software have overtaken and surpassed the commercial efforts of billion dollar companies like Microsoft and IBM to dominate software markets. Learn the inside story of what led Netscape to decide to release its source code using the open-source mode. Learn how Cygnus Solutions builds the world's best compilers by sharing the source code. Learn why venture capitalists are eagerly watching Red Hat Software, a company that gives its key product -- Linux -- away.For the first time in print, this book presents the story of the open- source phenomenon told by the people who created this movement. Open Sources will bring you i...
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925823/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning Debian GNU/Linux (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 343 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.4/32
    Keywords: Linux ; UNIX (Computer file) ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Linux and Open Source are attracting unprecedented attention in the high tech world. Debian GNU/Linux is a remarkable demonstration of what the Open Source model can produce: Debian is an all volunteer organization, and their distribution contains only open-source software. This exciting new world can be intimidating for those whose primary computing experience is Microsoft Windows. In Learning Debian/GNU Linux , Bill McCarty has written a book for this new audience, aimed at introducing them to a Unix style operating system. Learning Debian GNU/Linux will guide any new user of Linux through the installing and use of Debian GNU/Linux, the entirely Open Source version of the Linux operating system. It demystifies Linux in terms familiar to Windows users and gives readers only what they need to start being successful users of Linux. Learning Debian GNU/Linux takes the reader step by step through the process of installing and setting up a Debian system, and provides a thorough but gentle introduction to the basics of using Debian GNU/Linux. Because the book is written specifically for the included CD, the reader needs nothing else to get started with this exciting new operating system.
    Note: "A guide to Debian GNU/Linux for new users"--Cover. - "Includes Debian GNU/Linux on CD-ROM'--Cover. - Disc: Debian 2.1; bootable CD-ROM. - Glossary (p. 319-321). - Title on disc: Debian gnu-linux. - Includes index (p. 323-343)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565927052/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    vi editor : pocket reference (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: v, 66 p. ; , 18 cm
    DDC: 652.5/53
    Keywords: UNIX (Computer file) ; Vi ; Text editors (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: For many users, working in the UNIX environment means using vi, a full-screen text editor available on most UNIX systems. Even those who know vi often make use of only a small number of its features.The vi Editor Pocket Reference is a companion volume to O'Reilly's updated sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor , a complete guide to text editing with vi . New topics in Learning the vi Editor include multi-screen editing and coverage of four vi clones: vim , elvis , nvi , and vile .This small book is a handy reference guide to the information in the larger volume, presenting movement and editing commands, the command-line options, and other elements of the vi editor in an easy-to-use tabular format.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924975/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Programming Web graphics with PERL and GNU software (1999)
    Sebastopol, Calif. : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 454 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Keywords: GIMP (Computer file) ; Computer graphics ; Perl (Computer program language) ; Web sites ; Design ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: From access counters and log-report graphs to scientific plots and on-the-fly animated GIFs, graphics scripting is within the grasp of most Web authors. It is a little documented field, however, and the many valuable free libraries and tools available on the Internet remain under-utilized. Programming Web Graphics with Perl & GNU Software is aimed at intermediate and advanced Web users who want to use CGI scripts to generate dynamic graphic content. It will also help to demystify the manipulation of graphics formats for newcomers to the Web. Programming Web Graphics with Perl & GNU Software takes a practical, resource-like approach to the content. It is not a book about design or aesthetics of Web graphics; its focus is on programming or, more accurately, scripting programs that manipulate graphics file to be published on the Web. Most of the examples in the book use Perl as a scripting language, though the concepts are applicable to any programming language. However, several powerful Perl modules for generating graphics (GD, PerlMagick, GIFgraph) should help position Perl as a major contender for your Web graphics applications. Most of the topics covered in the book are applicable to any platform (NT, Linux, Un*x, MaxOS), with the exception of the chapter detailing the Gnu Image Manipulation Program (a free Adobe Photoshop-like application), which requires a connection to an X server. The focus is always on free software, when it is available. This book covers the following: a tour through the most popular Web graphics file formats by implementing parsers for GIF, JPEG, and PNG files descriptions of the PNG, JPEG, and giflib libraries, as well as many other free and proprietary libraries and SDKs extensive documentation and examples using the Perl graphics modules GD and GIFgraph, and the Perl interface to the powerful ImageMagick libraries documentation on the Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) and the Perl interface that lets you easily script plug-ins or interface to the GIMP via the Web the creation of image maps from data extracted from a database the implementation of several new Perl modules for the creation of neatly formatted PostScript files details on interfacing to a fax gateway reusable recipes for many popular applications such as Web counters and Web cams the creation of animated GIFs on-the-fly One of the key ingredients to the success of the Web is that anyone who wanted to could participate in publishing to the wo...
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924789/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mastering algorithms with C (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 540 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C (Computer program language) ; Computer algorithms ; Data structures (Computer science) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: There are many books on data structures and algorithms, including some with useful libraries of C functions. Mastering Algorithms with C offers you a unique combination of theoretical background and working code. With robust solutions for everyday programming tasks, this book avoids the abstract style of most classic data structures and algorithms texts, but still provides all of the information you need to understand the purpose and use of common programming techniques. Implementations, as well as interesting, real-world examples of each data structure and algorithm, are included. Using both a programming style and a writing style that are exceptionally clean, Kyle Loudon shows you how to use such essential data structures as lists, stacks, queues, sets, trees, heaps, priority queues, and graphs. He explains how to use algorithms for sorting, searching, numerical analysis, data compression, data encryption, common graph problems, and computational geometry. And he describes the relative efficiency of all implementations. The compression and encryption chapters not only give you working code for reasonably efficient solutions, they offer explanations of concepts in an approachable manner for people who never have had the time or expertise to study them in depth. Anyone with a basic understanding of the C language can use this book. In order to provide maintainable and extendible code, an extra level of abstraction (such as pointers to functions) is used in examples where appropriate. Understanding that these techniques may be unfamiliar to some programmers, Loudon explains them clearly in the introductory chapters. Contents include: Pointers Recursion Analysis of algorithms Data structures (lists, stacks, queues, sets, hash tables, trees, heaps, priority queues, graphs) Sorting and searching Numerical methods Data compression Data encryption Graph algorithms Geometric algorithms
    Note: "Useful techniques from sorting to encryption"--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oracle distributed systems (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 530 p. , ill. ; , 25 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Electronic data processing ; Distributed processing ; SQL/ORACLE (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Any organization that uses the Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS) these days needs to use multiple databases. There are many reasons to use more than a single database in a distributed database system: Different databases may be associated with particular business functions, such as manufacturing or human resources. Databases may be aligned with geographical boundaries, such as a behemoth database at a headquarters site and smaller databases at regional offices. Two different databases may be required to access the same data in different ways, such as an order entry database whose transactions are aggregated and analyzed in a data warehouse. A busy Internet commerce site may create multiple copies of the same database to attain horizontal scalability. A copy of a production database may be created to serve as a development test bed. Tunability Platform autonomy Fault tolerance Scalability Location transparency Site autonomy Introduction to Distributed Database Systems SQL*Net and Net8 Configuration and Administration Distributed Database Security Designing the Distributed System Oracle's Distributed System Implementation Sample Configurations 8. Engineering Considerations Oracle Replication Architecture Advanced Replication Option Installation Basic Replication Multi-Master Replication Updateable Snapshots Procedural Replication Conflict Avoidance and Resolution Techniques In a distributed database environment, data in two or more databases is accessible as if it were in a single database. Usually, the different databases are on different servers, which may be located at the same site or a continent away. Communication between the servers takes place via SQL*Net (for Oracle7) or Net8 (for Oracle8). Distributed database environments offer a number of benefits over single- database systems, including: This book describes how you can use multiple databases and the distributed features of Oracle to best advantage. It covers: Table of contents: Part I: The Distributed System Part II: Replication Part III: Appendixes Appendix A: Built-in Packages for Distributed Systems Appendix B: Scripts
    Note: "Includes advanced replication in Oracle7 & Oracle8"--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924320/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MySQL (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : New Riders | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxix, 756 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.75/6
    Keywords: SQL (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In MySQL, Paul DuBois provides you with a comprehensive guide to one of the most popular relational database systems. As an important contributor to the online documentation for MySQL, Paul uses his day-to-day experience answering questions users post on the MySQL mailing list to pinpoint the problems most users and administrators encounter. The principal MySQL developer, Monty Widenius, along with a network of his fellow developers, reviewed the manuscript, providing Paul with the kind of insight no one else could supply. Instead of merely giving you a general overview of MySQL, Paul teaches you how to make the most of its capabilities. Through two sample databases that run throughout the book, he gives you solutions to problems you'll likely face. He helps you integrate MySQL efficiently with third-party tools, such as PHP and Perl, enabling you to generate dynamic Web pages through database queries. He also teaches you to write programs that access MySQL databases.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0735709211/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pure JavaScript (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Sams | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxix, 1448 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.2/762
    Keywords: JavaScript (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Pure JavaScript is a substantial and focused reference for experienced Web developers. This book begins with an accelerated introduction to the newest features of JavaScript so that experienced Web developers can quickly understand the concepts of JavaScript and begin developing their own JavaScript solutions immediately. Pure JavaScript also contains insightful programming techniques, complete with well-commented code examples that you can immediately use in your own JavaScripts. This book contains the most complete, easily accessible JavaScript object reference with syntax, definitions, and examples of well-commented code for each entry.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0672315475/?ar
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The C++ standard library : a tutorial and handbook (1999)
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 799 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The C++ standard library provides a set of common classes and interfaces that greatly extend the core C++ language. The library, however, is not self-explanatory. To make full use of its components-and to benefit from their power-you need a resource that does far more than list the classes and their functions. The C++ Standard Library not only provides comprehensive documentation of each library component, it also offers clearly written explanations of complex concepts, describes the practical programming details needed for effective use, and gives example after example of working code. This thoroughly up-to-date book reflects the newest elements of the C++ standard library incorporated into the full ANSI/ISO C++ language standard. In particular, the text focuses on the Standard Template Library (STL), examining containers, iterators, function objects, and STL algorithms. You will also find detailed coverage of special containers, strings, numerical classes, internationalization, and the IOStream library. Each component is presented in depth, with an introduction to its purpose and design, examples, a detailed description, traps and pitfalls, and the exact signature and definition of its classes and their functions. An insightful introduction to fundamental concepts and an overview of the library will help bring newcomers quickly up to speed. Comprehensive, detailed, readable, and practical, The C++ Standard Library is the C++ resource you will turn to again and again. An accompanying Web site, including source code, can be found at http://www.josuttis.com/. 0201379260B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [745]-746) and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201379260/?ar
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    C++ FAQs (1999)
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxiii, 587 p. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In a concise and direct question-and-answer format, C++ FAQs, Second Edition brings you the most efficient solutions to more than four hundred of the practical programming challenges you face every day. Moderators of the on-line C++ FAQ at comp.lang.c++, Marshall Cline, Greg Lomow, and Mike Girou are familiar with C++ programmers' most pressing concerns. In this book, the authors concentrate on those issues most critical to the professional programmer's work, and they present more explanatory material and examples than is possible on-line. This book focuses on the effective use of C++, helping programmers avoid combining seemingly legal C++ constructs in incompatible ways. This second edition is completely up-to-date with the final ANSI/ISO C++ Standard. It covers some of the smaller syntax changes, such as "mutable"; more significant changes, such as RTTI and namespaces; and such major innovations as the C++ Standard Library, including the STL. In addition, this book discusses technologies such as Java, CORBA, COM/COM+, and ActiveX--and the relationship all of these have with C++. These new features and technologies are iconed to help you quickly find what is new and different in this edition. Each question-and-answer section contains an overview of the problem and solution, fuller explanations of concepts, directions for proper use of language features, guidelines for best practices and practices to avoid, and plenty of working, stand-alone examples. This edition is thoroughly cross-referenced and indexed for quick access. Get a value-added service! Try out all the examples from this book at www.codesaw.com. CodeSaw is a free online learning tool that allows you to experiment with live code from your book right in your browser. 0201309831B11102003
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201309831/?ar
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PowerPoint 2000/98 for Windows and Macintosh (1999)
    Berkeley, CA : Peachpit Press. | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 319 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 006.6/869
    Keywords: Microsoft PowerPoint (Computer file) ; Macintosh (Computer) ; Programming ; Presentation graphics software ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Most professionals turn to Microsoft PowerPoint to make their presentations come alive. The latest version, PowerPoint 2000, promises to attract a legion of new converts, lured by its full integration with the other Office 2000 apps and its new and improved formatting and Web features. PowerPoint 2000/98: Visual QuickStart Guide is the quickest, easiest way to learn how to add slides, movie clips, sound, animation--even Web pages--to your presentations using this powerful package. Thanks to the book's straightforward, task-oriented format, you can go directly to the information you need. Like the other titles in Peachpit's Visual QuickStart Guide series, PowerPoint 2000/98: VQS uses hundreds of screenshots and step-by-step instructions to explain the most popular features of PowerPoint, and it covers both the Windows 2000 and Macintosh 98 platforms. Whether you use it as a tutorial or a reference guide, you'll be putting together impressive presentations in no time.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201354411/?ar
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solaris 7 reference (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Sun Microsystems Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 1551 p. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.4/469
    Keywords: Solaris (Computer file) ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 2004H-5 Thoroughly cross-referenced and packed with comprehensive examples for administrators and programmers Easy-to-understand explanations of UNIX commands and options in a user-friendly format A complete, plain English reference guide to all of the Section (1) man pages from acctcom to zcat Award-winning author Janice Winsor's Solaris 7 Reference is an essential resource for users, system administrators, and programmers. It provides clear and understandable descriptions of more than 450 UNIX commands. Starting with a convenient, task-oriented quick reference that lists commands by function, it goes beyond standard "manual page" descriptions to provide comprehensive examples and more in-depth information than the online documentation. Both experienced programmers and users of all levels will find the extensive examples to be time-saving aids to understanding the full power and flexibility of key commands. Solaris 7 Reference contains complete, accurate, and accessible syntax and option information for hundreds of tasks including: Communication File Management System Status Archiving Printing Text Processing Shell Programming Searching Its complete coverage, logical organization, and Janice Winsor's easy-to-understand style of presentation make this the one UNIX command reference everyone working in a Solaris environment needs.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding public-key infrastructure : concepts, standards, and deployment considerations (1999)
    Indianapolis : Macmillan Technical | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 296 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Technology series
    Keywords: Business enterprises ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Public key infrastructure (Computer security) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book is a tutorial on, and a guide to the deployment of, Public-Key Infrastructures. It covers a broad range of material related to PKIs, including certification, operational considerations and standardization efforts, as well as deployment issues and considerations. Emphasis is placed on explaining the interrelated fields within the topic area, to assist those who will be responsible for making deployment decisions and architecting a PKI within an organization.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/157870166X/?ar
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced IP network design (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 343 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6
    Keywords: Computer networks ; Routers (Computer networks) ; TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A core textbook for CCIE preparation Learn how to apply effective hierarchical design principles to build stable, large-scale networks Examine broken networks and discover the best methods for fixing them Understand how the right topology enhances network performance Construct the most efficient addressing and summarization scheme for your network Prevent network failure by applying the most appropriate redundancy at the network core, distribution layer, and access layer Extend your network's capabilities through proper deployment of advanced IGP- and EGP-based protocols Advanced IP Network Design provides the solutions network engineers need to grow and stabilize large IP networks. Technology advancements and corporate growth inevitably lead to the necessity for network expansion. This book presents design concepts and techniques that enable networks to evolve into supporting larger, more complex applications while maintaining critical stability. Advanced IP Network Design provides you with a basic foundation to understand and implement the most efficient network design around the network core, distribution and access layers, and the common and edge network services. After establishing an efficient heirarchical network design, you will learn to apply OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, BGP, NHRP, and MPLS. Case studies support each protocol to provide you with valuable solutions to common blocks encountered when implementing an IGP- or EGP-based network Advanced IP Network Design offers expert-level solutions and help with CCIE exam preparation through the following features: practical discussion and implementation of CCIE-level networking issues; case studies that highlight real-world design, implementation, management, and troubleshooting issues; scenarios that help you put the presented solutions to use; and chapter-ending review questions and exercises.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1578700973/?ar
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oracle SQL*Plus : the definitive guide (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 502 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Database management ; SQL*PLUS (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book is the definitive guide to SQL*Plus. If you want to take best advantage of the power and flexibility of this popular Oracle tool, you need this book. SQL*Plus is an interactive query tool that is ubiquitous in the Oracle world. It is present in every Oracle installation and is available to almost every Oracle developer and database administrator. SQL*Plus has been shipped with Oracle since at least version 6. It continues to be supported and enhanced with each new version of Oracle, including Oracle8 and Oracle8i. It is still the only widely available tool for writing SQL scripts. Despite this wide availability and usage, few developers and DBAs know how powerful SQL*Plus really is. This book introduces SQL*Plus, includes a quick reference to all of its syntax options, and, most important, provides chapters that describe, in step-by-step fashion, how to perform all of the tasks that Oracle developers and DBAs want to perform with SQL*Plus -- and maybe some they didn't realize they COULD perform with SQL*Plus. You will learn how to write and execute script files, generate ad hoc reports, extract data from the database, query the data dictionary tables, customize your SQL*Plus environment, and use the SQL*Plus administrative features (new in Oracle8i). This book is an indispensable resource for readers who are new to SQL*Plus, a task-oriented learning tool for those who are already using it, and a quick reference for every user. A table of contents follows: Preface Introduction to SQL*Plus Interacting with SQL*Plus Generating Reports with SQL*Plus Writing SQL*Plus Scripts Extracting Data with SQL*Plus Exploring Your Database with SQL*Plus Advanced Scripting Tuning and Timing The Product User Profile Administration with SQL*Plus Customizing Your SQL*Plus Environment A. SQL*Plus Command Reference B. Connect Strings and the SQL*Plus Command Appendices
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925785/?ar
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  • 19
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    Practical internet groupware (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiv, 497 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Groupware (Computer software) ; Internet programming ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Collaboration. From its academic roots to the bustling commerce sites of today, the Internet has always been about collaboration: providing a means for people to communicate and work together effectively. But how do you build effective tools for collaboration? How do you build tools that are simple enough for people to really use, yet powerful enough to really facilitate collaboration? In 1995 Jon Udell became executive editor for new media at BYTE magazine, taking on the challenge of building an online presence for a traditional print publication. In meeting this challenge, he discovered that he was managing an online community, not just an online publication. He discovered that he was building not just a set of documents, but a suite of Internet-based groupware applications in which editors, writers, and readers all participated. Practical Internet Groupware details the lessons learned from that experience. Drawn from the author's real world experience, Practical Internet Groupware describes the tools and technologies for building and rapidly deploying groupware applications, and also discusses the design philosophy and usability issues that determine the success or failure of any groupware endeavor. The key to success lies in using simple tools, often open source, that effectively blend in established Internet technologies that have always had a collaborative aspect (SMTP, NNTP) with new technologies that enhance our ability to manage collaborative documents (HTTP, XML). The result is an approach that codifies the idea that many web content providers have long suspected: yesterday's online content is fast becoming tomorrow's network-based applications. In this book you'll learn how to: Base groupware on standard Internet technologies (mail servers, news servers, and web servers) Use simple server- and client-side scripts to automate creation, presentation, transmission, and search of electronic documents Create a base of documents that contain semi-structured data representing much of the intellectual capital of an enterprise Deploy these solutions in a way that scales from groups of a few collaborators to communities of thousands of users If you've ever been disappointed watching a commercial groupware system used as little more than an expensive email client, or if you've ever wondered how to transform simple email, news, or web clients from document viewers into collaboration tools, then Practical Internet Groupware is for you.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925378/?ar
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  • 20
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    Web design in a nutshell : a desktop quick reference (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 560 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: Web sites ; Design ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Web Design in a Nutshell contains the nitty-gritty on everything you need to know to design Web pages. It's the good stuff, without the fluff, written and organized so that answers can be found quickly. Written by veteran Web designer Jennifer Niederst, this book provides quick access to the wide range of front-end technologies and techniques from which Web designers and authors must draw. It is an excellent reference for HTML 4.0 tags (including tables, frames, and Cascading Style Sheets) with special attention given to browser support and platform idiosyncrasies. The HTML section is more than a reference work, though. It details strange behavior in tables, for instance, and gives ideas and workarounds for using tables and frames on your site. Web Design in a Nutshell also covers multimedia and interactivity, audio and video, and emerging technologies like Dynamic HTML, XML, embedded fonts, and internationalization. The book includes: Discussions of the Web environment, monitors, and browsers A complete reference to HTML and Server Side Includes, including browser support for every tag and attribute Chapters on creating GIF, JPEG and PNG graphics, including designing with the Web Palette Information on multimedia and interactivity, including audio, video, Flash, Shockwave, and JavaScript Detailed tutorial and reference on Cascading Style Sheets, including an appendix of browser compatibility information Appendices detailing HTML tags, attributes, deprecated tags, proprietary tags, and CSS compatibility
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925157/?ar
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  • 21
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    Palm programming : the developer's guide (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 457 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: PalmPilot (Computer) ; Programming ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: PalmPilot's popularity is growing and with over a million units sold, the Palm OS dominates the hand-held market. Wired has astutely described Palm's position in a recent article: "On its way to becoming the bestselling hand-held computer of all time, the 3Com PalmPilot has spawned an intense, emotional, and fanatical developer following not seen since the glory days of the Mac." (Wired, 20 Feb. 98). Palm Programming should be eagerly accepted by programmers because the authors worked closely with Palm to ensure that the book is tailored exactly to the needs of the ever-growing group of Palm developers. As nothing but some piecemeal documentation exists currently, this book provides a much needed solution to the Palm developers. In fact, Palm uses this book as their official developer's guide and will be using it in the future as a key part of their training materials for developers. There are currently no books on Palm programming (and we know of none that are planned). The only way to learn is by using the reference material published by Palm (available freely on their Web site), the tutorial they provide, or various Palm programming FAQs compiled by third parties. Palm Programming shows intermediate to experienced C programmers how to build a Palm application from the ground up. Using an easy-to- understand tutorial approach, this book gives readers everything necessary to create a wide range of Palm applications and conduits, from simple scripts through full-blown applications, and in the process provides thorough coverage of Palm programming. It includes a CD-ROM (Macintosh and Windows compatible) with the full source code to the examples in the book, a trial version of Palm's Software Development Kit, and third-party developer tools, including Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Lite programming kit. Outline Part 1: Overview of Palm OS and devices Chapter 1: The Palm Solution Chapter 2: Developing for Palm OS Chapter 3: Designing a solution Part 2: Programming for the handheld Chapter 4: Structure of an Application Chapter 5: Forms and Form Objects Chapter 6: Databases Chapter 7: Menus Chapter 8: Extras Chapter 9: Communications Chapter 10: Debugging Part 3: Programming for the desktop: conduits Chapter 11: Getting started with conduits Chapter 12: Uploading and Downloading Data Chapter 13: Two-way Syncing Appendix: Where to go from here
    Note: CD-ROM contains source code for all the samples in the book, a demo version of Code Warrior for Palm OS, GNU PalmPilot SDK, POSE, Palm OS 3.0 SDK (including documentation), demo version of Satellite Forms, and Linux versions of gcc, gdb, POSE, and Pilrc in both source and RPM format. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925254/?ar
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  • 22
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    GNU Emacs pocket reference (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: iii, 58 p. ; , 18 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.13
    Keywords: GNU Emacs ; Text editors (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: GNU Emacs is the most popular and widespread of the Emacs family of editors. It is also the most powerful and flexible. Unlike all other text editors, GNU Emacs is a complete working environment -- you can stay within Emacs all day without leaving. The GNU Emacs Pocket Reference is a companion volume to O'Reilly's Learning GNU Emacs , which tells you how to get started with the GNU Emacs editor and, as you become more proficient, it will help you learn how to use Emacs more effectively. This small book, covering Emacs version 20, is a handy reference guide to the basic elements of this powerful editor, presenting the Emacs commands in an easy-to-use tabular format.
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 23
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    Learning Python (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 366 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: Python (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Learning Python is an introduction to the increasingly popular Python programming language. Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented scripting language. Python is growing in popularity because: It is available on all important platforms: Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, Linux, all major UNIX platforms, MacOS, and even the BeOS. It is open-source software, copyrighted but freely available for use, even in commercial applications. Its clean object-oriented interface makes it a valuable prototyping tool for C++ programmers. It works well with all popular windowing toolkits, including MFC, Tk, Mac, X11, and Motif. Learning Python is written by Mark Lutz, author of Programming Python and Python Pocket Reference ; and David Ascher, a vision scientist and Python user. This book starts with a thorough introduction to the elements of Python: types, operators, statements, classes, functions, modules, and exceptions. By reading the first part of the book, the reader will be able to understand and construct programs in the Python language. In the second part of the book, the authors present more advanced information, demonstrating how Python performs common tasks and presenting real applications and the libraries available for those applications. All the examples use the Python interpreter, so the reader can type them in and get instant feedback. Each chapter ends with a series of exercises. Solutions to the exercises are in an appendix.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924649/?ar
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  • 24
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    Learning Perl/TK (1999)
    Sebastopol, Calif. : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 357 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Tk toolkit ; Perl (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Learning Perl/Tk is a tutorial for Perl/Tk, the extension to Perl for creating graphical user interfaces. With Tk, Perl programs can be window-based rather than command-line based, with buttons, entry fields, listboxes, menus, and scrollbars. Originally developed for the Tcl language, the Perl port of the Tk toolkit liberates Perl programmers from the world of command-line options, STDIN, and STDOUT, allowing them to build graphical, event-driven applications for both Windows and UNIX. This book is aimed at Perl novices and experts alike. It explains the reasoning behind event-driven applications and drills in guidelines on how to best design graphical applications. It teaches how to implement and configure each of the Perl/Tk graphical elements step-by-step. Special attention is given to the geometry managers, which are needed to position each button, menu, label and listbox in the window frame. Although this book does not teach basic Perl, anyone who has written even the simplest Perl program should be able to learn Tk from this book. The writing is breezy and informal, and gets right to the point of what you need to know and why. The book is rife with illustrations that demonstrate how each element is drawn and how its configuration options affect its presentation. Learning Perl/Tk is for every Perl programmer who would like to implement simple, easy-to-use graphical interfaces.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565923146/?ar
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  • 25
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    Practical C++ (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 889 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Keywords: Microsoft Visual C++ ; C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Practical C++ provides the essential pieces of C++ programming information needed by beginning-intermediate programmers to execute the most frequently used tasks and functions. Each chapter is a task-oriented module covering a group of related features or tasks full of real-world, practical examples. Practical C++ provides a complete condensed package of easily navigable reference tutorial information on C++.
    Note: ELECTRONIC BOOK. - Includes index. - Previously published as: Using C++
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0789721449/?ar
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  • 26
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    Sams teach yourself HTML 4 in 24 hours (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : SAMS | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 481 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 4th ed.
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: HTML (Document markup language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Sams Teach Yourself HTML 4 in 24 Hours, Fourth Edition, is a carefully organized tutorial that teaches the beginning Web page author just what you need to know in order to get a Web page up in the shortest time possible. The book covers only those HTML tags and technologies that are likely to be used on a beginner's Web page, and it is organized in a logical step-by-step order. This new edition updates coverage of new Web publishing technologies. Refined and reworked parts of the book to make it even more clear and straightforward for beginners.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 386-391) and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0672317249/?ar
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  • 27
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    Java thread programming (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Sams Pub. | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 510 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Threads (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Java Thread Programming shows you how to take full advantage of Java's thread facilities: when to use threads to increase your program's efficiency, how to use them effectively, and how to avoid common mistakes. There is thorough coverage of the Thread API, ThreadGroup classes, the Runnable interface, and the synchronized operator. Extensive, complete, code examples show programmers the details of creating and managing threads in real-world applications.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0672315858/?ar
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  • 28
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    Sams teach yourself SAP R/3 in 10 minutes (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Macmillan Computer Pub. | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: vii, 212 p. , ill. ; , 22 cm
    Keywords: SAP R/3 ; Business ; Computer programs ; Client/server computing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Sams Teach Yourself SAP R/3 in 10 Minutes covers general tasks including basic navigation skills, working with master data and running reports. With Timesaving Tips, Plain English definitions, Panic Button advice and easy-to-follow tutorials that can be completed in 10 minutes or less, you can get productive immediately. Covers the general SAP functions that every end-user of SAP-based applications must know. The book focuses on the user interface, access issues, and basic navigation skills using mini-tutorials. You'll learn all the essential tasks for running SAP-based applications smoothly and easily. 10 minutes is all you need to learn how to log on to SAP R/3, access the SAP R/3 modules, use basic navigation skills, work with master data, generate reports, read and interpret common error messages, and access extensive online help features.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0672314959/?ar
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  • 29
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    Programming for the Java virtual machine (1999)
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 488 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm. +
    DDC: 005.6
    Keywords: Java virtual machine ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The core of Java technology, the Java virtual machine is an abstract computing machine that enables the Java platform to host applications on any computer or operating system without rewriting or recompiling. Anyone interested in designing a language or writing a compiler for the Java virtual machine must have an in-depth understanding of its binary class format and instruction set. If you are programming with the Java programming language, knowledge of the Java virtual machine will give you valuable insight into the Java platform's security capabilities and cross-platform portability. It will increase your understanding of the Java programming language, enabling you to improve the security and performance of your programs. The author employs a tutorial approach that provides a detailed look into the central workings of the technology and teaches the reader how to write real programs for the Java virtual machine. He describes methods for becoming a better programmer through an advanced understanding of the Java virtual machine and Java technology. Programming for the Java Virtual Machine offers comprehensive coverage of all the major elements of the Java virtual machine--classes and objects, control instructions, debugging, class loaders, compiling the Java programming language, performance issues, security, and threads and synchronization. The book provides an introduction to the Java Virtual Machine Specification (JVMS), with a collection of topics that help programmers understand the Java virtual machine and the JVMS better. In addition, the book features implementations of Prolog and Scheme, a language that runs on top of the Java virtual machine, generating Java virtual machine code as it runs and using a Java virtual machine class loader to load the generated code into the system. You will find detailed information on such topics as: The Java virtual machine verification algorithm How Java virtual machine security works, and what it can and can't do Using class loaders to incorporate code and dynamically generated code from the Internet, the Java Foundation Classes, database queries, and other languages The mechanics of compiling the Java programming language for the Java virtual machine Implementing other languages using the Java virtual machine, including Scheme, Prolog, Sather, Eiffel, and regular expressions Numerous examples illustrate techniques and concepts, and exercises with solutions help you gain practical experience. 02013097...
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201309726/?ar
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  • 30
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    Software development : building reliable systems (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxxiii, 357 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Enterprise computing series
    DDC: 005.1
    Keywords: Computer software ; Development ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 80% of software projects fail-here's why the other 20% succeed! Software Development is the most thorough, realistic guide to "what works" in software development-and how to make it happen in your organization. Leading consultant Marc Hamilton tackles all three key components of successful development: people, processes, and technology. From streamlining infrastructures to retraining programmers, choosing tools to implementing service-level agreements, Hamilton unifies all of today's best practices-in management, architecture, and software engineering. There's never been a more comprehensive blueprint for software success. Discover "The Ten Commandments of Software Development" Build a winning software development team, organize it for success - and retain your best talent Create a software architecture that maps to business goals and serves as a foundation for successful development Define processes that streamline component and Web-based development projects Leverage the advantages of object-oriented techniques throughout the entire lifecycle Make the most of Java, JavaBeans, and Jini technology Learn the best ways to measure software quality and productivity-and improve them Software Development is ruthlessly realistic and remarkably accessible-for managers and technical professionals alike. Best of all, its techniques can be applied to any project or organization, large or small. Ready to build software that meets all its goals? This book will get you there.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 351) and index
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  • 31
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    Multithreaded programming with Java technology (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 461 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Threads (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 1700G-6 The ultimate guide to multithreading with Java technology! Powerful techniques for enhancing application performance Multithreaded program design for network and Internet applications Extensive code examples throughout Multithreading gives developers using the Java 2 platform a powerful tool for dramatically improving the responsiveness and performance of their programs on any platform, even those without inherent multithreading support. Multithreaded Programming with Java Technology is the first complete guide to multithreaded development with the Java 2 platform. Multithreading experts Bil Lewis and Daniel J. Berg cover the underlying structures upon which threads are built; thread construction; and thread lifecycles, including birth, life, death, and cancellation. Next, using extensive code examples, they cover everything developers need to know to make the most of multithreading, including: Thread scheduling models and synchronization-with solutions for complex, real-world synchronization problems Multithreaded program design for networked and Internet applications Thread-specific data: use and implementation Leveraging OS libraries to make Java-based multithreading more effective Optimizing thread performance and designing for SMP hardware Powerful techniques and comprehensive example code for improving Java-based application performance with multithreading!
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  • 32
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    A UML pattern language (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : Macmillan Publishing | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 257 p. ; , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Software engineering series
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: Computer software ; Development ; UML (Computer science) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A UML Pattern Language pairs the software design pattern concept with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to offer a tool set for software professionals practicing both system modeling and software development. This book provides: a collection of patterns in the domain of system modeling, including those that are useful to management, operations, and deployment teams, as well as to software developers; a survey of the development of patterns and the UML; a discussion of the underlying theory of the patterns and instructions for using the language; a thorough exploration of the design process and model-driven development. A UML Pattern Language recognizes that design and modeling have become equal partners with programming and coding in the enterprise of software development. Providing both an understanding of the work of design and the way patterns and the UML combine to facilitate design.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [241]-246) and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/157870118X/?ar
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  • 33
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    Three keys to development : using assessment, challenge, and support to drive your leadership (1999)
    Greensboro, N.C. : Center for Creative Leadership | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. ; , 23cm
    DDC: 658.4/092
    Keywords: Leadership ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: During times of personal and professional growth, you feel as if your learning and development were accelerated. What caused that acceleration? How do you keep the learning momentum going once the experience ends? This guidebook shows you how to enhance the value and impact of developmental experiences.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 26)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1882197402/?ar
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  • 34
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    Oracle web applications : PL/SQL developer's introduction (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 241 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Database design ; Internet programming ; PL/SQL (Computer program language) ; Web sites ; Design ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This compact guide provides the jump-start Oracle developers need to make the transition from traditional programming to the development of useful Web applications for Oracle8i. Even readers who start out knowing nothing about HTML, PL/SQL, or Oracle's other tools will learn how to create simple Web applications in a matter of days. The book focuses on Oracle8i, but also covers Web development for earlier Oracle versions (Oracle8 and Oracle7). Background: The explosion in the use of the Internet and the Web has resulted in a whole new way of doing business. Developers who only yesterday were using COBOL to write accounts payable systems are now being asked to create a broad range of new Internet-based applications ranging from electronic commerce (e-commerce) Web sites to internal data warehouses to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Unfortunately, the filesystem architectures of most Web systems aren't up to the task. The new breed of Web applications -- which are quickly becoming critical resources that companies need to survive -- demand a platform that provides production-quality tools for content management, application development, and application integration. And current Web techniques are inadequate in many ways. Oracle8i, Oracle's "Internet database," gives Web developers a way to build Web technology on top of a relational database, rather than on a traditional filesystem. With Oracle8i, companies can apply well understood, reliable, production-quality database methodologies to Web content management. Oracle8i also supports a wide variety of application development platforms and tools that are tightly integrated to the core database. Finally, Oracle8i supports technologies that help companies tie their Web-based applications into legacy applications. There is a lot to learn in Oracle8i. Not only does it enhance basic database features, it introduces Java and a variety of Web development tools. Oracle8i provides a soup-to-nuts platform for Web site and Web application development that extends traditional database concepts to Web content. It replaces the traditional filesystem used by most Web servers with a database management system. Many users are intimidated by the vast array of new technologies in Oracle8i. And yet, they are under pressure to use these technologies to build complex Web applications right now. This book gives such users a way to start using Oracle8i immediately to create useful Web applications. It is a co...
    Note: "Covers Oracle8i"--Cover. - "What you need to know about PL/SQL, HTML, XML, WebDB, & OAS"--Cover. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-232) and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565926870/?ar
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  • 35
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    Oracle8i internal services for waits, latches, locks and memory (1999)
    Sebastopol : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 120 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This concise book contains detailed information about Oracle internals -- information that's not readily available to Oracle customers. It lays a foundation for advanced performance tuning of the Oracle database. Based on Oracle8i release 8.1, the book describes many of the secrets of Oracle's internal services: data structures, algorithms, and undocumented Oracle system statistics. Main topics include: Waits - how Oracle processes communicate via semaphores, and how to use the Oracle wait statistics to identify the source of performance problems. Latches - how they keep multiple processes from inspecting protected data structures at the same time, and how to examine and control latch behavior and statistics. Locks - how they work with latches to protect data structures (locks allow multiple sessions to share resources in some cases), and how locks affect performance. There is also a detailed discussion of instance locks, which are used in parallel server environments. Memory - how Oracle uses memory (e.g., the various elements of the System Global Area), and how Oracle dynamically allocates and manages memory. Oracle8i Internal Services is aimed especially at administrators and developers who need detailed internal information to do advanced performance tuning. The book will expand your repertoire of tuning solutions and troubleshooting techniques by explaining how you can use Oracle's hidden parameters and undocumented system statistics to best advantage. NOTE: The author has collected the scripts he has developed for tuning and analysis into a toolkit (known as APT, for Advanced Performance Tuning). These scripts access the Oracle X$ tables directly and provide information not otherwise available. The scripts are available to readers for free from the O'Reilly web site.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/156592598X/?ar
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    Apache : the definitive guide (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 369 p. ; , 23 cm. +
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.7/13769
    Keywords: Apache (Computer file : Apache Group) ; Web servers ; Computer programs ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The freeware Apache web server runs on about half of the world's existing web sites, and it is rapidly increasing in popularity. Apache: The Definitive Guide , written and reviewed by key members of the Apache Group, is the only complete guide on the market today that describes how to obtain, set up, and secure the Apache software. Apache was originally based on code and ideas found in the most popular HTTP server of the time: NCSA httpd 1.3 (early 1995). It has since evolved into a far superior system that can rival (and probably surpass) almost any other Unix-based HTTP server in terms of functionality, efficiency, and speed. The new version now includes support for Win32 systems. This new second edition of Apache: The Definitive Guide fully describes Windows support and all the other Apache 1.3 features. Contents include: The history of the Apache Group Obtaining and compiling the server Configuring and running Apache on Unix and Windows, including such topics as directory structures, virtual hosts, and CGI programming The Apache 1.3 Module API Apache security A complete list of configuration directives With Apache: The Definitive Guide , web administrators new to Apache can get up to speed more quickly than ever before by working through the tutorial demo. Experienced administrators and CGI programmers, and web administrators moving from Unix to Windows, will find the reference sections indispensable. Apache: The Definitive Guide is the definitive documentation for the world's most popular web server. Includes CD-ROM with Apache manuals and demo sites discussed in the book.
    Note: Accompanying CD-ROM can be read by both Win32 and Unix systems and contains Apache distributions for Unix and Windows and the demonstration web sites referred to throughout the book. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925289/?ar
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    Oracle database administration : the essential reference (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 560 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; Relational databases ; SQL (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Oracle database administration requires a vast amount of information and an ability to perform a myriad of tasks--from installation to tuning to network troubleshooting to overall daily administration. Oracle provides many tools for performing these tasks; the trick is knowing what tool is right for the job, what commands you need to issue (and when), and what parameters and privileges you need to set. And, as every DBA knows, you need to know how do all this under pressure, while you face crisis after crisis. This book provides a concise reference to the enormous store of information an Oracle DBA needs every day (as well as what's needed only when disaster strikes). It's crammed full of quick-reference tables, task lists, and other summary material that both novice and expert DBAs will use time and time again. It covers the commands and operations new to Oracle8, but also provides Oracle7 information for sites still running earlier versions. Oracle Database Administration provides two types of material: DBA tasks--chapters summarizing how to perform critical DBA functions: installation, performance tuning, preventing data loss, networking, security and monitoring, auditing, query optimization, and the use of various Oracle tools and utilities DBA reference--chapters providing a quick reference to the Oracle instance and database, the initialization (INIT.ORA) parameters, the SQL statements commonly used by DBAs, the data dictionary tables, the system privileges and roles, and the SQL*Plus, Export, Import, and SQL*Loader syntax The book also includes a resource summary with references to additional books, Web sites, and other online and offline resources of special use to Oracle DBAs. Oracle Database Administration is the single essential reference you'll turn to again and again. If you must choose only one book to use at the office, keep at home, or carry to a site you're troubleshooting, this will be that book. Visit the catalog page for Oracle Database Administration: The Essential RefeVisit the errata page for Oracle Database Administration: The Essential RefeDownload the supplemental electronic content for Oracle Database Administration: The Essential Refe
    Note: "A quick reference for the Oracle DBA"--Cover. - "Covers Oracle7 and Oracle 8"--Cover. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 523-526)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925165/?ar
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    Java 2D graphics (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 339 p. , ill. (some col.) ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: The Java series
    DDC: 006.6/633
    Keywords: Computer graphics ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: One weakness of Java has been its graphics capabilities. Java 1.0 and 1.1 only included simple primitives for line drawing: lines could only be one pixel wide, they could only be solid, and there wasn't any good way to draw curves. Font management and color management were also weak. Java 2D (collectively called the "2D API") signals a major improvement in Java's graphics capabilities. It covers many of the classes in Java 1.2 that address graphics handling and improves on many weaknesses that were present in the previous versions of Java. The 2D API allows you to produce high-quality, professional images on a screen or printer. Java 2D Graphics describes the 2D API from top to bottom, demonstrating how to set line styles and pattern fills as well as more advanced techniques of image processing and font handling. You'll see how to create and manipulate the three types of graphics objects: shapes, text, and images. Other topics include image data storage, color management, font glyphs, and printing. Java 2D Graphics assumes no prior knowledge of graphics. Chock full of detailed explanations and examples, this book provides beginning Java programmers with a solid foundation in 2D graphics and helps more advanced programmers create and use high-quality images in their applications. Topics covered in the book include: The rendering pipeline Shapes and paths Geometry Painting with solid colors, gradients, and textures Stroking paths, including dashed lines Transformations: translation, rotation, shearing, and scaling Alpha compositing Clipping Rasterizing and antialiasing Fonts and text Font metrics Glyphs Colors and color spaces sRGB and CIEXYZ ICC color profiles Images, image color models, and image data Image processing Image data storage Graphics devices Printing
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924843/?ar
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  • 39
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    Oracle PL/SQL language : pocket reference (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: v, 94 p. , ill. ; , 18 cm
    Keywords: Oracle (Computer file) ; PL/SQL (Computer program language) ; Relational databases ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This pocket reference provides quick-reference information that will help you use Oracle's PL/SQL language. It is a companion to Steven Feuerstein and Bill Pribyl's bestselling book, Oracle PL/SQL Programming , and includes coverage of the latest version of Oracle, Oracle8i. Oracle is the most popular database management system in use today, and PL/SQL plays a pivotal role in current and projected Oracle products and applications. PL/SQL provides procedural extensions to the SQL relational database language and to an ever-growing number of Oracle development tools. It offers a myriad of data types, and such features as cursors, loops, conditional and sequential control statements, exception handlers, records, tables, and constructs for developing modular code (functions, procedures, and packages). Originally a rather limited tool, PL/SQL became with Oracle7 a mature and effective language for developers. Now, with the introduction of Oracle8, PL/SQL has taken the next step towards becoming a fully realized programming language providing sophisticated object-oriented capabilities. The book on which this pocket reference is based, Oracle PL/SQL Programming , filled a huge gap in the Oracle market, providing developers with a single, comprehensive guide to building applications with PL/SQL -- and building them the right way. That book has become the bible for PL/SQL developers who have raved about its completeness, readability, and practicality. The book is packed with strategies, code architectures, tips, techniques, and fully realized code. The second edition of the book updated the text with the new Oracle8 PL/SQL features, including object types, collections, external procedures, and large object data types and functions. The pocket reference boils down the most vital information from the large (nearly 1000 pages) book into an accessible quick reference that summarizes the basics of PL/SQL -- its block structure, fundamental language elements (e.g., identifiers, declarations, defaults), data structures (including Oracle8 objects), and statements for program control, loops, exception handling, and database access. It also covers the the basics of using Oracle's procedures, functions, and packages, and the latest features for Oracle8i.
    Note: Includes Oracle8
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924576/?ar
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  • 40
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    Webmaster in a nutshell (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 523 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.2/76
    Keywords: HTML (Document markup language) ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Web sites ; Design ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Individuals, organizations, and businesses are relying on their web pages to provide and collect information, manage processes, and interact with communities and customers. A reliable, informative, and responsive web site can reduce cost, increase visibility, and create a positive image for the owner of that site. Behind every successful web page is an overworked and underappreciated webmaster. Webmasters make sure that the information on a site is accessible and usable; that the site is always available; that performance is good; that users can get the information that they need; and that the site can collect the information it needs to serve those users. These disparate tasks require many different tools and skills. Webmaster in a Nutshell pulls together in a single volume all the essential reference information for webmasters working on UNIX-based web servers. In this second edition of Webmaster in a Nutshell , we've updated our material to include the latest versions of HTML and Javascript, and also expanded the book to cover the newest technologies emerging on the Web. The book covers: HTML 4.0, with special attention to forms, tables and frames CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) XML, the next-generation markup language for the Web CGI, with a chapter dedicated to the Perl module CGI.pm JavaScript 1.2 PHP, the HTML-embedded programming language HTTP 1.1, the underlying protocol that drives the Web Apache server administration, including Apache modules mod_perl, the Apache module for enhancing CGI performance and providing a Perl interface to the Apache API Webmaster in a Nutshell , part of the bestselling O'Reilly series of reference books, makes it easy to find the information you want about the technologies you use. You'll keep your other books on the shelf; you'll keep Webmaster in a Nutshell next to your keyboard.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565923251/?ar
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  • 41
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    UNIX hints & hacks (1999)
    Indianapolis : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 479 p. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.4/469
    Keywords: UNIX (Computer file) ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: UNIX Hints & Hacks is designed to instantly reward you through increased productivity and satisfaction with UNIX. Each and every hint and/or hack provides real value--not just a list of obvious procedures marked as secrets. Learn UNIX administration skills you can apply daily with UNIX workstations and servers. Discover networking tricks to make modifications safely over the network. Tackle security issues such as dealing with SuperUser accounts, permissions, and vulnerabilities in the UNIX operating system. Develop various ways to monitor the system logs and load averages, to aid in the tuning, fixing, and security. Also learn to add, manipulate, and modify user accounts in new ways, and improve your file management skills for modifying, viewing, and executin. With UNIX Hints & Hacks you'll look up from the reading and say, "I can't wait to try that!"
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0789719274/?ar
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  • 42
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    Using Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 765 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: Special ed.
    DDC: 006.6/869
    Keywords: Microsoft PowerPoint (Computer file) ; Presentation graphics software ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Special Edition Using Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 gives practical advice on how to set up a "designer" look presentation and how to develop the most effective presentation for your audience. You will learn what types of other considerations should be made when developing a presentation, including assessing the intended audience, assessing the size and shape of the conference room to be used, how to decide what colors to use, when to use graphics and more.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0789719045/?ar
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  • 43
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    Using Microsoft Word 2000 (1999)
    Indianapolis : Que | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 1402 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: Special ed.
    DDC: 652.5/5369
    Keywords: Microsoft Word ; Word processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This best-seller is totally updated for Word 2000. With more in depth coverage of intermediate and advanced features than ever before, this is the most valuable edition ever and the perfect book for readers ready to grow beyond the basics of Word. This edition includes over 475 exclusive "signature tips", projects at the end of every chapter showing Word 2000 put to work to solve complex document challenges, and more coverage than ever of troubleshooting difficult Word features
    Note: CD-ROM includes WOPR 2000--Woody's Office Power Pack 2000, complete electronic copy of Special edition using Microsoft Word 2000, additional book chapters on Office 2000 programs, third-party software, and Que's Special edition WOPR 2000 pack installation. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0789718529/?ar
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  • 44
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    F. Scott Barker's Microsoft Access 2000 power programming (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Macmillan Computer Publishing | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 1334 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Microsoft Access ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Access 2000 Power Programming gives many practical techniques for the corporate and independent developer. New features of Access 2000 are covered thoroughly and useful examples which will be implemented by programmers in their everyday applications. New topics include a chapter devoted to Data Pages, Microsoft's way of bringing the Web interface into everyday office solutions. Also, a new chapter clarifies the confusion over ADP/MDB and DAO/ADO, including when and where to use each. The book covers a number of new additions to VBA which developers will need good exposure to in order to take advantage of them.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0672315068/?ar
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  • 45
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    Exceptional C : 47 engineering puzzles, programming problems, and solutions (1999)
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 208 p. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C++ (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Exceptional C++ shows by example how to go about sound software engineering in standard C++. Do you enjoy solving thorny C++ problems and puzzles? Do you relish writing robust and extensible code? Then take a few minutes and challenge yourself with some tough C++ design and programming problems. The puzzles and problems in Exceptional C++ not only entertain, they will help you hone your skills to become the sharpest C++ programmer you can be. Many of these problems are culled from the famous Guru of the Week feature of the Internet newsgroup comp.lang.c++.moderated, expanded and updated to conform to the official ISO/ANSI C++ Standard. Each problem is rated according to difficulty and is designed to illustrate subtle programming mistakes or design considerations. After you've had a chance to attempt a solution yourself, the book then dissects the code, illustrates what went wrong, and shows how the problem can be fixed. Covering a broad range of C++ topics, the problems and solutions address critical issues such as: Generic programming and how to write reusable templates Exception safety issues and techniques Robust class design and inheritance Compiler firewalls and the Pimpl Idiom Name lookup, namespaces, and the Interface Principle Memory management issues and techniques Traps, pitfalls, and anti-idioms Optimization Try your skills against the C++ masters and come away with the insight and experience to create more efficient, effective, robust, and portable C++ code. 0201615622B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-204) and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201615622/?ar
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  • 46
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    The Java Native interface : programmer's guide and specification (1999)
    Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 303 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: Java native interface ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The Java Native Interface (JNI) enables the integration of code written in the Java programming language with code written in other languages such as C and C++. It allows programmers to take full advantage of the Java platform without having to abandon their investment in legacy code. This book is the definitive resource and a comprehensive guide to working with the JNI. Entirely up-to-date, the book offers a tutorial, a detailed description of JNI features and programming techniques, JNI design justifications, and the official specification for all JNI types and functions. You will find coverage of important topics such as: Writing native methods Passing data types between the Java language and native programming languages Embedding a Java virtual machine implementation in native applications Leveraging legacy native libraries Improving the efficiency and reliability of your code An entire chapter is devoted to avoiding common traps and pitfalls. The book uses numerous examples to illustrate programming techniques that have proven to be effective. 0201325772B04062001
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201325772/?ar
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  • 47
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    Making the team : a guide for managers (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 318 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 658.4/02
    Keywords: Leadership ; Organizational effectiveness ; Performance ; Teams in the workplace ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Drawing upon research from leading scholars in the fields of social psychology, organization behavior, sociology, and cognitive psychology, this invaluable resource for both young managers and seasoned executives alike covers both basic and cutting-edge team building and management principles as it outlines in a clear, step-by-step fashion how to improve the functioning of teams within an organization. KEY TOPICS: Introduces the basic building blocks for analyzing and perfecting teamwork; addresses the assessment of a team's performance and productivity; and discusses when and how to reward teamwork in organizations. Focuses on internal dynamics, i.e, structuring tasks, selecting people, and fostering team relationships; how teams communicate, process information, and create a collective team intelligence; and ways to bring out a team's maximum creativity. Covers external dynamics, i.e, team boundaries, inter-team relations, networking, and boundary-spanning; dual-tasks of effective leadership; issues of conflict and competition between teams in the organization; and the impact of information technology on both global and local teamwork. Begins each chapter with a case study of a real team and company, and includes practical appendices that include tips on how to run a meeting; discussions on how to build and maintain an effective study group; and examples of 360-degree evaluations. MARKET: For organizational managers and team leaders.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-305) and indexes
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 48
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    Informix DBA survival guide (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall PTR ; | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 501 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm. +
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 005.75/65
    Keywords: Informix-SQL ; Relational databases ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 7962C-5 If Informix is your database engine, this is your engine manual! There's practically no Informix problem you can't solve if you're willing to get "under the hood" and get dirty! That's the philosophy behind Informix Database Administrator's Survival Guide-and it's why the first edition became a worldwide Informix best-seller! Now, there's an all-new Second Edition, completely updated to reflect the new Informix 7 database engine. Better than ever, it contains over 150 pages of totally new debugging help-covering the Informix-Dynamic Server and Informix-Online database engines, utilities, SQL, ESQL/C code, and Informix's Windows NT products. With the guidance of expert Informix DBA Joe Lumbley, you'll master all this and more: How to perform Informix database tune-ups-step-by-step Making the most of logging, archiving, and client utilities Practical answers to dozens of the questions Informix DBAs ask most Leveraging the information stored in SMI tables Comprehensive coverage of the onstat-g commands Fundamental principles of Informix debugging Informix Database Administrator's Survival Guide, Second Edition brings together crucial information from thousands of pages of manuals-and make-or-break techniques that aren't in any manual. You'll discover all you need to know to successfully manage Informix-Dynamic Server on Windows NT and UNIX. You'll find exclusive coverage of Informix DBA tools and resources. You'll even learn how to manage the tough political and organizational issues that go with today's enterprise environments-all the "soft" skills you need to stay sane. Ask thousands of Informix DBAs: this is the one Informix book you simply don't want to be without! CD-Rom Included Bonus! Included free on the CD-ROM is a computer-based training course chosen especially for this book! CBT Systems is the leading provider of interactive training sotfware for IT professionals.
    Note: Rev. ed. of: Informix database administrator's survival guide. c1995
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    CCIE fundamentals network design and case studies, second (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: p. ; , cm
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Authorized preparation materials for CCIE candidates. Prepare for the CCIE lab exam while mastering essential protocols and technologies Learn new design and configuration strategies for ATM, IP multicasting, network management, switching architectures, CIP, and network security Implement practical networking techniques to build scalable, reliable, and secure networks Learn to identify key technologies and appropriate implementations for your internetwork design Isolate and solve problems easier with detailed configuration examples and case studies Cisco CCIE Fundamentals: Network Design and Case Studies, Second Edition offers a comprehensive collection of updated configuration scenarios and design recommendations. By reading this book, you will gain insight into the implementation of practical internetworking strategies, identify features and capabilities of routers and switches, and begin the process of mastering the technologies and protocols necessary to become an effective Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). This two-part book is the compilation of design and configuration examples authored and previously released by Cisco Systems. Numerous subject matter experts have revised and restructured each chapter and added coverage of several new topics. The design guide portion of this book is intended to support the network engineer who designs and implements router-based or switched internetworks. Practical design recommendations include coverage of large-scale networks with IGPs and BGP, ATM, APPN, DLSw+, DDR, ISDN, LAN switching, multicast networks, and more. The case study portion of this book presents real-world configurations that complement the design material. Implementation and troubleshooting advice is offered for EIGRP and OSPF redistribution, ATM, DDR, ISDN, network security, and HSRP.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1578701678/?ar
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  • 50
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    Cisco IOS 12.0 switching service (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 421 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6/8
    Keywords: Cisco IOS ; Computer networks ; Telecommunication ; Switching systems ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cisco IOS 12.0 Switching Services is a comprehensive guide detailing available Cisco IOS switching alternatives. Cisco switching services range from fast switching and Netflow switching to LAN Emulation. This book describes how to configure routing between virtual LANs (VLANs) and teach how to effectively configure and implement VLANs on switches.
    Note: "Cisco documentation"--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1578701570/?ar
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  • 51
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    Cisco IOS 12.0 interface configuration (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xliii, 531 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6
    Keywords: Cisco IOS ; Computer interfaces ; Computer networks ; Software configuration management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cisco IOS 12.0 Interface Configuration is a comprehensive guide detailing how to configure physical and virtual interfaces-the two types of interfaces supported on Cisco routers. It provides readers with the most current router task and command information for their network environments and teaches how to effectively implement these techniques and commands on their networks.
    Note: "Cisco documentation"--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1578701562/?ar
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  • 52
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    Cisco LAN switching (1999)
    Indianapolis, IN, USA : Cisco Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvii, 926 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 004.6/8
    Keywords: Local area networks (Computer networks) ; Telecommunication ; Switching systems ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The most complete guide to Cisco Catalyst(r) switch network design, operation, and configuration Master key foundation topics such as high-speed LAN technologies, LAN segmentation, bridging, the Catalyst command-line environment, and VLANs Improve the performance of your campus network by utilizing effective Cisco Catalyst design, configuration, and troubleshooting techniques Benefit from the most comprehensive coverage of Spanning-Tree Protocol, including invaluable information on troubleshooting common Spanning Tree problems Master trunking concepts and applications, including ISL, 802.1Q, LANE, and MPOA Understand when and how to utilize Layer 3 switching techniques for maximum effect Understand Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching configuration with the Catalyst 6000 family, including coverage of the powerful MSFC Native IOS Mode Cisco LAN Switching provides the most comprehensive coverage of the best methods for designing, utilizing, and deploying LAN switching devices and technologies in a modern campus network. Divided into six parts, this book takes you beyond basic switching concepts by providing an array of proven design models, practical implementation solutions, and troubleshooting strategies. Part I discusses important foundation issues that provide a context for the rest of the book, including Fast and Gigabit Ethernet, routing versus switching, the types of Layer 2 switching, the Catalyst command-line environment, and VLANs. Part II presents the most detailed discussion of Spanning-Tree Protocol in print, including common problems, troubleshooting, and enhancements, such as PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and PVST+. Part III examines the critical issue of trunk connections, the links used to carry multiple VLANs through campus networks. Entire chapters are dedicated to LANE and MPOA. Part IV addresses advanced features, such as Layer 3 switching, VTP, and CGMP and IGMP. Part V covers real-world campus design and implementation issues, allowing you to benefit from the collective advice of many LAN switching experts. Part VI discusses issues specific to the Catalyst 6000/6500 family of switches, including the powerful Native IOS Mode of Layer 3 switching. Several features in Cisco LAN Switching are designed to reinforce concepts covered in the book and to help you prepare for the CCIE exam. In addition to the practical discussion of advanced switching issues, this book also contains case studies that highlight real-world design, impl...
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1578700949/?ar
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    Unix backup and recovery (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 707 p. , ill. ; , 22 cm +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: UNIX (Computer file) ; Data recovery (Computer science) ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Unix Backup & Recovery provides a complete overview of all facets of Unix backup and recovery, and offers practical, affordable backup and recovery solutions for environments of all sizes and budgets. The book begins with detailed explanations of the native backup utilities available to the Unix administrator, and ends with practical advice on choosing a commercial backup utility. This book: Describes the features, limitations, and syntax of Unix backup and restore utilities,(including dump, tar, cpio, dd, GNUtar, and GNUcpio) for many popular versions of Unix, including AIX, Compaq Unix, HP-UX, IRIX, SCO, Solaris, and Linux Provides instructions for installing and configuring freely available backup systems such as AMANDA Includes ready-to-run shell scripts that automate live backups of Informix, Oracle, and Sybase databases Presents step-by-step recovery procedures for Oracle, Informix, and Sybase Presents step-by-step "bare-metal" disaster recovery procedures for AIX, Compaq Unix, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and Linux Describes the design of "disaster recovery" and "highly available" systems Provides guidance on choosing a commercial backup and recovery system Describes the features and limitations of backup hardware
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565926420/?ar
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    Access database design & programming (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 409 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Keywords: Microsoft Access ; Database design ; Database management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: When using software products with graphical interfaces, we frequently focus so much on the details of how to use the interface that we forget about the more general concepts that allow us to understand and put the software to effective use. This is particularly true of a powerful database product like Microsoft Access. Novice, and sometimes even experienced, programmers are so concerned with how something is done in Access that they often lose sight of the general principles that underlie their database applications. Access Database Design & Programming, 2nd Edition, an update to the bestselling first edition, features: A discussion of Access' new VBA Integrated Development Environment, which, for the first time, is the one used by Word, Excel, and PowerPoint An expansion of the discussion of the VBA language itself, in response to reader requests A discussion of Microsoft's latest data access technology, called Active Data Objects (or ADO), along with a discussion of Open Database Connectivity(ODBC), which is intimately connected with ADO Unlike other Access books that take the long, detailed approach to every topic of concern to Access programmers, this book focuses instead on the core concepts, enabling programmers to develop solid, effective database applications. As a result, important topics such as designing forms and reports, database security, database replication, and programming for multiuser applications are simply not discussed. This book is a kind of "second course" in Access that provides a relatively experienced Access user who is new to programming with the frequently overlooked techniques necessary to successfully develop in the Microsoft Access environment. Anyone interested in learning Access in-depth, rather than just scraping the surface, will enjoy and immensely benefit from reading this book. Although this book is really an introduction directed to intermediate Microsoft Access users who are novice programmers, it should appeal to all levels of Access developers. For novice programmers, it focuses on a key body of knowledge that is typically neglected, but is nevertheless essential for developing effective database applications. For intermediate and advanced developers, its treatment of database design and queries provides a handy treatment that otherwise has to be gleaned from relatively uninteresting textbooks, while its programming chapters constitute a handy reference to some basic operations that can be perform...
    Note: "What you really need to know to develop with Access"--Cover. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 395) and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565926269/?ar
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    The Waite Group's C primer plus (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind., USA : H.W. Sams | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 820 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    DDC: 005.13/3
    Keywords: C (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The Waite Group's C Primer Plus, Third edition, presents the ANSI C standard beginning with a discussion of the fundamentals of C programming and then continues on to illustrate real-world C programming concepts and techniques. The Waite Group's C Primer Plus, Third Edition, is jam-packed with hundreds of sample programs, challenging yet humorous examples, hints and quizzes. Get the latest information on migrating from C to C++ and find out what will change with the release of the new C ANSI/ISO standard. Learn the mechanics of C programming and how to create programs that are easy to read, debug and update using real-world, easy-to-follow examples.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1571691618/?ar
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    Virtual private networks (1999)
    Beijing [China] ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    ISBN: 1565925297
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 211 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 004.6
    Keywords: Business enterprises ; Computer networks ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Extranets (Computer networks) ; Internet ; Telecommuting ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Historically, only large companies could afford secure networks, which they created from expensive leased lines. Smaller folks had to make do with the relatively untrusted Internet. Nowadays, even large companies have to go outside their private nets, because so many people telecommute or log in while they're on the road. How do you provide a low-cost, secure electronic network for your organization? The solution is a virtual private network: a collection of technologies that creates secure connections or "tunnels" over regular Internet lines--connections that can be easily used by anybody logging in from anywhere. A number of products now exist to help you develop that solution. This book tells you how to plan and build a VPN. It starts with general concerns like costs, configuration, and how a VPN fits in with other networking technologies like firewalls. It continues with detailed descriptions of how to install and use VPN technologies that are available for Windows NT and Unix, such as PPTP and L2TP, Altavista Tunnel, Cisco PIX, and the secure shell (SSH). New features in the second edition include SSH, which is a popular VPN solution for Unix systems, and an expanded description of the IPSec standard, for which several vendors have announced support. Topics include: How the VPN compares to other available networking technologies Introduction to encryption, firewalls, the IPSec standard, and other technologies that let VPNs work Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) and L2TP The Altavista Tunnel The Cisco PIX Firewall Secure Shell (SSH) Maintenance and troubleshooting
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    PalmPilot : the ultimate guide (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxiii, 597 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    DDC: 004.165
    Keywords: PalmPilot (Computer) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 3Com's PalmPilot is the world's bestselling hand-held computer platform. In three years, its 16 models from 5 different manufacturers have captured 80 percent of the palmtop market. About the size of a playing card, Palm devices are lightweight (under 6 ounces), offering two-month battery life, handwriting recognition, Internet connectivity, and a touch-screen display. Above all, these devices are fast and elegantly designed. PalmPilot: The Ultimate Guide was an instant classic when it debuted in 1998, becoming, and remaining, the bestselling Palm book (and a top ten title among all computer books) every month since. Dense with previously undocumented information, this newly updated bible for Palm users delivers hundreds of timesaving tips and surprising tricks, plus a CD-ROM containing over 3,100 Palm programs. The second edition offers exclusive insider coverage of all models, including 1999's Palm IIIx, Palm V, laser-equipped Symbol 1500, and the revolutionary, wireless Palm VII. The book is divided into five sections: Section One details every hardware and software aspect of PalmPilot as it comes out of the box: the stylus and screen, the buttons, and the current line of models. A tutorial takes the reader through the palmtop's preferences and settings panels, teaches the Graffiti alphabet, and unearths surprising features of the machine's eight built-in programs. Section Two explains step-by-step how your PalmPilot can work with your PC: how data gets from your palmtop to your desktop computer and back again (HotSyncing). New chapters give special coverage to the separate Windows and Macintosh (Mac Pac 2.0) versions of Palm Desktop, which duplicates the functions of the PalmPilot (calendar, phone book, to-do list, memo pad, email, and expense tracking) on the desktop machine. Section Three takes the reader beyond the built-in Palm software to the best of the add-on programs included with the book. They include such graphics programs as DinkyPad, TealPaint, and the amazing ImageViewer (which unlocks the "black-and-white" Pilot screen's grayscale features); electronic books in Doc format; and music programs that use the hand-held's built-in speaker. New in this edition: how-to advice for using PalmPilot database programs to collect data in the field, and syncing them with such popular PC programs as FileMaker and Microsoft Access. Section Four covers the new Palm VII, the first one-piece, pocket-sized, wireless Internet device ever marketed...
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    JavaScript application cookbook (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 462 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Keywords: Application software ; Development ; JavaScript (Computer program language) ; Web site development ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: There is a serious information gap for Webmasters learning client-side JavaScript skills and trying to solve common Web-related problems. Knowing the syntax is one thing, being able to build a useful application is another. And while there are dozens of "how- to" JavaScript books available, few literally hand the Webmaster a set of ready-to-go, client-side JavaScript applications with thorough documentation that enable the reader to fully understand and extend those applications. By providing such a set of applications, JavaScript Application Cookbook allows Webmasters to immediately add extra functionality to their Web sites. This book targets readers with two different skill sets. The primary target is JavaScript-knowledgeable Webmasters and designers who can immediately begin constructing their own versions of the applications. The secondary target is those with little or no JavaScript experience. The included applications are ready for immediate use and require little customization. This book explores both the code and the techniques that are centered around core JavaScript functionality, a functionality that will not become incompatible or obsolete. The source file design of most applications and libraries will help modularize reader Web sites and facilitate easier site management and coding practices. Chapters are organized by application. Among the included applications are: A client-side search engine that will show coders how to build their own search engine and get excellent results, all with a client-side tool A drag-and-drop greeting application that lets users custom build and send DHTML email greetings A GUI image rollover tool that generates cross-browser image rollover code for all versions of JavaScript A robust client-side shopping cart application that lets shoppers browse and shop, while the application keeps a tab of the shopper's selections and a running bill, including tax and shipping An online test application that auto-administers, grades, and displays answers to online exams or surveys An additional value to this book is an online resource (http://www.serve.com/hotsyte/) that discusses the applications and points to other resources. With its focus on providing practical real-world solutions for Webmasters, JavaScript Application Cookbook is destined to become a staple for every JavaScript developer, regardless of experience. Visit the catalog page for JavaScript Application CookbookVisit the errata page for JavaScrip...
    Note: "Programming web applications in JavaScript"--Cover. - Includes index. - "Web resources": p. 413-423
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565925777/?ar
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    Java I/O (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 568 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: The Java series
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: All of Java's Input/Output (I/O) facilities are based on streams, which provide simple ways to read and write data of different types. Java provides many different kinds of streams, each with its own application. The universe of streams is divided into four large categories: input streams and output streams, for reading and writing binary data; and readers and writers, for reading and writing textual (character) data. You're almost certainly familiar with the basic kinds of streams--but did you know that there's a CipherInputStream for reading encrypted data? And a ZipOutputStream for automatically compressing data? Do you know how to use buffered streams effectively to make your I/O operations more efficient? Java I/O tells you all you ever need to know about streams--and probably more. A discussion of I/O wouldn't be complete without treatment of character sets and formatting. Java supports the UNICODE standard, which provides definitions for the character sets of most written languages. Consequently, Java is the first programming language that lets you do I/O in virtually any language. Java also provides a sophisticated model for formatting textual and numeric data. Java I/O shows you how to control number formatting, use characters aside from the standard (but outdated) ASCII character set, and get a head start on writing truly multilingual software. Java I/O includes: Coverage of all I/O classes and related classes In-depth coverage of Java's number formatting facilities and its support for International character sets
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924851/?ar
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    MySQL and mSQL (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 487 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.75/85
    Keywords: Database management ; Relational databases ; SQL (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: MySQL and mSQL are popular and robust database products that support key subsets of SQL on both Linux and Unix systems. Both products are free for nonprofit use and cost a small amount for commercial use. Even a small organization or web site has uses for a database. Perhaps you keep track of all your customers and find that your information is outgrowing the crude, flat-file format you started with. Or you want to ask your web site's visitors for their interests and preferences and put up a fresh web page that tallies the results. Unlike commercial databases, MySQL and mSQL are affordable and easy to use. If you know basic C, Java, Perl, or Python, you can quickly write a program to interact with your database. In addition, you can embed queries and updates right in an HTML file so that a web page becomes its own interface to the database. This book is all you need to make use of MySQL or mSQL. It takes you through the whole process from installation and configuration to programming interfaces and basic administration. Includes reference chapters and ample tutorial material. Topics include: Introductions to simple database design and SQL Building, installation, and configuration Basic programming APIs for C, C++, Java (JDBC), Perl, and Python CGI programming with databases in C and Perl Web interfaces: PHP, W3-mSQL, Lite, and mSQLPerl
    Note: "Databases for moderate-sized organizations & web sites"--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924347/?ar
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    Java threads (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly & Associates | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 319 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Series Statement: The Java series
    DDC: 005.2/762
    Keywords: Java (Computer program language) ; Threads (Computer programs) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Threads aren't a new idea: many operating systems and languages support them. But despite widespread support, threads tend to be something that everyone talks about, but few use. Programming with threads has a reputation for being tricky and nonportable. Not so with Java. Java's thread facilities are easy to use, and--like everything else in Java--are completely portable between platforms. And that's a good thing, because it's impossible to write anything but the simplest applet without encountering threads. If you want to work with Java, you have to learn about threads. This new edition shows you how to take full advantage of Java's thread facilities: where to use threads to increase efficiency, how to use them effectively, and how to avoid common mistakes. Java Threads discusses problems like deadlock, race condition, and starvation in detail, helping you to write code without hidden bugs. It brings you up to date with the latest changes in the thread interface for JDK 1.2. The book offers a thorough discussion of the Thread and ThreadGroup classes, the Runnable interface, the language's synchronized operator. It explains thread scheduling ends by developing a CPUSchedule class, showing you how to implement your own scheduling policy. In addition, Java Threads shows you how to extend Java's thread primitives. Other extended examples include classes that implement reader/writer locks, general locks, locks at arbitrary scope, and asynchronous I/O. This edition also adds extensive examples on thread pools, advanced synchronization technique, like condition variables, barriers, and daemon locks. It shows how to work with classes that are not thread safe, and pays special attention to threading issues with Swing. A new chapter shows you how to write parallel code for multiprocessor machines. In short, Java Threads covers everything you need to know about threads, from the simplest animation applet to the most complex applications. If you plan to do any serious work in Java, you will find this book invaluable. Examples available online. Covers Java 2.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565924185/?ar
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    Java GUI development (1999)
    Indianapolis, Ind. : Sams | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 684 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    Keywords: Graphical user interfaces (Computer systems) ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Java GUI Development covers the Java 2 AWT, JFC, and Swing Toolkit technologies for GUI programming. It provides professional developers and software engineers with 1) a clear understanding of the conceptual framework behind Java 2 GUI tools, 2) descriptions of Java GUI idioms, and 3) practical programming techniques proven to work with these tools. This approach enables developers to solve difficult GUI programming tasks faster, write tighter and faster code, and implement more sophisticated GUI designs.
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0672315467/?ar
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    Building Web applications with UML (1999)
    Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 300 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    DDC: 005.7/2
    Keywords: Application software ; Development ; UML (Computer science) ; Web site development ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Building Web Applications with UML is a guide to building robust, scalable, and feature-rich web applications using proven object-oriented techniques. Written for the project manager, architect, analyst, designer, and programmer of web applications, this book examines the unique aspects of modeling web applications with the Web Application Extension (WAE) for the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The UML has been widely accepted as the standard modeling language for software systems, and as a result is often the best option for modeling web application designs. The WAE extends the UML notation with semantics and constraints enabling developers to model web-specific architectural elements using the Rational Unified Process or an alternative methodology. Using UML allows developers to model their web applications as a part of the complete system and the business logic that must be reflected in the application. Readers will gain not only an understanding of the modeling process, but also the ability to map models directly into code. Key topics include: A basic introduction to web servers, browsers, HTTP, and HTML Gathering requirements and defining the system's use cases Transforming requirements into a model and then a design that maps directly into components of the system Defining the architecture of a web application with an examination of three architectural patterns describing architectures for thin web client, thick web client, and web delivery designs Modeling, at the appropriate level of abstraction and detail, the appropriate artifacts, including web application pages, page relationships, navigate routes, client-side scripts, and server-side generation Creating code from UML models using ASP and VBScript Client-side scripting using DHTML, Java Script, VBScript, Applets, ActiveX controls, and DOM Using client/server protocols including DCOM, CORBA/IIOP, and Java's RMI Securing a web application with SET, SSL, PGP, Certificates, and Certificate Authorities 0201615770B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201615770/?ar
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    Graphic Java 1.2 : mastering the JFC (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Sun Microsystems | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: v. 〈1 〉 , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    DDC: 006.6/6
    Keywords: Java foundation classes ; Java (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 7966F-4 Graphic Java 2 is the most comprehensive guide to the Java Foundation Classes (JFC) available. Three volumes cover all aspects of the JFC providing java developers with the skills needed to build professional, cross platform applications that take full advantage of the Java Foundation Classes. The AWT is the cornerstone of the Java Foundation Classes. Volume 1 provides detailed descriptions of every aspect of the AWT, including: Event Handling Layout Managers Graphics, Colors & Fonts Image Manipulation Lightweight Components Data Transfer & Drag and Drop Double Buffering Sprite Animation Java expert David Geary provides clear and in-depth explanations of both fundamental and advanced AWT concepts. The layout manager chapter, for example, is over 100 pages long and includes what readers have called the best explanation of GridBagLayout on the planet. A GridBagLab application on the CD lets you explore GridBagLayout on your own. The accompanying CD-ROM includes all of the example code from the book, ready to run on Solaris(tm), Windows 95, Windows NT, and Macintosh along with the JDK(tm) for those platforms.
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    Resource management (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Sun Microsystems | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvii, 332 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.74
    Keywords: Database management ; Information resources management ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 2585E-8 Resource Management is a practical guide that shows how to manage system resources to meet system and performance service levels. The theory of Resource Management is introduced and a detailed analysis of what is required to implement resource management in the Solaris environment is explored. The BluePrint includes examples of typical system workloads and how the Solaris resource management facilities and products can be used with these workloads. Workloads include Databases, File Services, Web Servers, Batch Tasks, and Internet Service Provider configurations such as ftp.
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    Red Hat Linux 6 (1999)
    Berkeley, CA : Peachpit Press | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 311 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm. +
    Keywords: Linux ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: CD-ROM includes Red Hat Linux 6.0 Publisher's Edition (Linux kernel version 2.22-15), GNOME, KDE 1.1, Netscape Communicator 4.5.1, the GLMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) 1.04, plus games, customization applications, utilities, etc.
    Note: Accompanying CD-ROM available
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201354373/?ar
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    JavaSpaces principles, patterns, and practice (1999)
    Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 344 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 005.2/76
    Keywords: Electronic data processing ; Distributed processing ; Java (Computer program language) ; JavaSpaces technology ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: "Ever since I first saw David Gelernter's Linda programming language almost twenty years ago, I felt that the basic ideas of Linda could be used to make an important advance in the ease of distributed and parallel programming. As part of the fruits of Sun's Jini project, we now have the JavaSpaces technology, a wonderfully simple platform for developing distributed applications that takes advantage of the power of the Java programming language. This important book and its many examples will help you learn about distributed and parallel programming. I highly recommend it to students, programmers, and the technically curious." Bill Joy , Chief Scientist and co-founder, Sun Microsystems, Inc. JavaSpaces technology, a powerful Jini service from Sun Microsystems, facilitates building distributed applications for the Internet and Intranets. The JavaSpaces model involves persistent object exchange "areas" in which remote processes can coordinate their actions and exchange data. It provides a necessary ubiquitous, cross-platform framework for distributed computing, emerging as a key technology in this expanding field. This book introduces the JavaSpaces architecture, provides a definitive and comprehensive description of the model, and demonstrates how to use it to develop distributed computing applications. The book presents an overview of the JavaSpaces design and walks you through the basics, demonstrating key features through examples. Every aspect of JavaSpaces programming is examined in depth: entries, distributed data structures, synchronization, communication, application patterns, leases, distributed events, and transactions. You will find information on such vital topics as: Distributed data structures Synchronization techniques Loosely coupled communication Message passing Channel data structures for communication Application patterns such as replicated worker, command pattern, and marketplace Leases and automated lease renewal Using distributed events with spaces Handling partial failure with distributed transactions The official JavaSpaces specification from Sun Microsystems JavaSpaces Principles, Patterns, and Practice also includes two full-scale applications--one collaborative and the other parallel--that demonstrate how to put the JavaSpaces model to work. 0201309556B04062001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/0201309556/?ar
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    Fibre channel for mass storage (1999)
    Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall PTR | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 135 p. , ill. ; , 23 cm
    DDC: 004.6/6
    Keywords: Computer storage devices ; Fibre Channel (Standard) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: 1022B-8 Master Fibre Channel, the next-generation standard for enterprise storage! With Fibre Channel, you can suddenly scale your storage systems from gigabytes to terabytes, and improve performance at the same time -- all without disrupting systems, networks, or applications. Fibre Channel for Mass Storage walks you step-by-step through the basics of Fibre Channel technology, and demonstrates how to deploy Hewlett Packard's advanced Fibre Channel products to address your most critical enterprise storage challenges. Coverage includes: Why Fibre Channel has become the enterprise storage technology of choice Fibre Channel's architecture and six functional levels Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) -- an exceptionally effective storage system topology Peripheral devices, logical units, and volume set addressing Essential addressing techniques for integrating Fibre Channel with HP-UX Fibre Channel for Mass Storage introduces Hewlett-Packard's state-of-the-art Fibre Channel product family, beginning with Tachyon(r), the industry's first Fibre Channel controller fully integrated on a single chip. Learn about Hewlett-Packard's Fibre Channel adapters for K-Class, T-Class, D-Class, and V-Class Enterprise Servers and parallel clusters; hubs, disk arrays, SCSI multiplexers, and more. Finally, preview the future of Fibre Channel: faster fiber rates, hunt groups, multicast groups, classes of service, and beyond. Whether you're implementing Fibre Channel, planning for it, or simply need to understand it, Fibre Channel for Mass Storage has all the answers you're looking for.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 127) and index
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 69
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    Learning Red Hat Linux (1999)
    Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 378 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm. +
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.4/32
    Keywords: Linux ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: New users are flocking to Linux literally by the millions. Yet most of these new users draw from Microsoft Windows as their primary computing experience; for them an operating system from the UNIX family is an unfamiliar experience. In Learning Red Hat Linux , Bill McCarty has written a book aimed specifically at this new audience. Learning Red Hat Linux will guide any new user of Linux through the installing and use of the Red Hat® version of the free operating system that is shaking up the commercial world of software. It demystifies Linux in terms familiar to Windows users and gives readers only what they need to start being successful users of Linux. Built around the popular Red Hat distribution of Linux, Learning Red Hat Linux takes the reader step by step through the process of installing and setting up a Red Hat Linux system, and provides a thorough but gentle introduction to the basics of using Red Hat Linux. Because the book is written specifically for the enclosed CD, the reader needs nothing else to get started with this exciting new operating system.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/1565926277/?ar
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  • 70
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    Writing Apache modules with Perl and C (1999)
    Beijing ; : O'Reilly | Boston, MA :Safari,
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 724 p. , ill. ; , 24 cm
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 005.7/13769
    Keywords: Apache (Computer file : Apache Group) ; C (Computer program language) ; Perl (Computer program language) ; Web servers ; Computer programs ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Apache is the most popular web server on the Internet because it is free, reliable, and extensible. The availability of the source code and the modular design of Apache makes it possible to extend web server functionality through the Apache API. For the most part, however, the Apache API has only been available to C programmers, and requires rebuilding the Apache server from source. mod_perl, the popular Apache module used primarily for enhanced CGI performance, changed all that by making the Apache API available to Perl programmers. With mod_perl, it becomes simple to develop Apache modules with Perl and install them without having to rebuild the web server. Writing Apache Modules with Perl and C shows how to extend web server capabilities regardless of whether the programming language is Perl or C. The book explains the design of Apache, mod_perl, and the Apache API. It then demonstrates how to use them to perform for tasks like the following: Rewriting CGI scripts as Apache modules to vastly improve performance Server-side filtering of HTML documents, to embed special markup or code (much like SSI) Enhancing server log functionality Converting file formats on the fly Implementing dynamic navigation bars Incorporating database access into CGI scripts Customizing access control and authorization to block robots or to use an external database for passwords The authors are Lincoln Stein and Doug MacEachern. Lincoln is the successful author of How to Set Up and Maintain a World Wide web Site and the developer of the widely used Perl CGI.pm module. Doug is a consultant and the creator of the innovative mod_perl Apache module.
    Note: Includes "...a detachable modp̲erl quick reference card."--Cover. - Includes index
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/156592567X/?ar
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  • 71
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    Public Choices between Lifesaving Programs : How Important Are Lives Saved? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (78 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Cropper, Maureen Public Choices between Lifesaving Programs
    Keywords: Air Quality and Clean Air ; Breast Cancer ; Brown Issues and Health ; Children ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Health ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Education ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Implementation ; Industrial Pollution ; Industry ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Internet ; Knowledge ; Ozone ; Population Policies ; Public Health ; Risks ; Screening ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Strategy ; Water Pollution ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Workplace ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Breast Cancer ; Brown Issues and Health ; Children ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Health ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Education ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Implementation ; Industrial Pollution ; Industry ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Internet ; Knowledge ; Ozone ; Population Policies ; Public Health ; Risks ; Screening ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Strategy ; Water Pollution ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Workplace
    Abstract: August 1995 - Do funding priorities for health and safety policies reflect irrational fears? the disaster of the month - rather than address more fundamental problems? A thousand people were surveyed to gauge popular feelings about funding choices between environmental and public health programs. In developing and industrial countries alike, there is concern that health and safety policy may respond to irrational fears - to the disaster of the month - rather than address more fundamental problems. In the United States, for example, some policymakers say the public worries about trivial risks while ignoring larger ones and that funding priorities reflect this view. Many public health programs with a low cost per life saved are underfunded, for example, while many environmental regulations with a high cost per life saved are issued each year. Does the existing allocation of resources reflect people's preoccupation with the qualitative aspects of risks, to the exclusion of quantitative factors (lives saved)? Or can observed differences in the cost per life saved of environmental and public health programs be explained by the way the two sets of programs are funded? Cropper and Subramanian examine the preferences of U.S. citizens for health and safety programs. They confronted a random sample of 1,000 U.S. adults with choices between environmental health and public health programs, to see which they would choose. The authors then examined what factors (qualitative and quantitative) seem to influence these choices. Respondents were asked about pairs of programs, among them: smoking education or industrial pollution control programs, industrial pollution control or pneumonia vaccine programs, radon eradication or a program to ban smoking in the workplace, and radon eradication or programs to ban pesticides. The survey results, they feel, have implications beyond the United States. They find that, while qualitative aspects of the life-saving programs are statistically significant in explaining people's choices among them, lives saved matter, too. Indeed, for the median respondent in the survey, the rate of substitution between most qualitative risk characteristics and lives saved is inelastic. But for a sizable minority of respondents, choice among programs appears to be insensitive to lives saved. The interesting question for public policy is what role the latter group plays in the regulatory process. This paper - a joint product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department, and the Environment and Natural Resources Division, Asia Technical Department - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to see what can be learned about efficient environmental policy by examining the U.S. experience with environmental regulation. The authors may be contacted at mcropperworldbank.org or usubramanian@worldbank.org
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  • 72
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    Adjustment and Poverty in Mexican Agriculture : How Farmers' Wealth Affects Supply Response (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lopez, Ramon Adjustment and Poverty in Mexican Agriculture
    Keywords: Access To Irrigation ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Commercial Bank ; Credit Markets ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Decisions ; Farm Households ; Farm Income ; Farm Work ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Irrigation ; Landholdings ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Disaster ; Poor Farmer ; Poor Farmers ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Financial Markets ; Rural Poverty ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural Sector ; Small Farms ; Access To Irrigation ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Commercial Bank ; Credit Markets ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Decisions ; Farm Households ; Farm Income ; Farm Work ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Irrigation ; Landholdings ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Disaster ; Poor Farmer ; Poor Farmers ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Financial Markets ; Rural Poverty ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural Sector ; Small Farms
    Abstract: August 1995 - By and large, it appears that the goals of agricultural reform are being met in Mexico. But measures such as decoupling income supports and price supports or reorienting research and extension could help farmers who cannot afford access to machinery and purchased inputs and services. López, Nash, and Stanton report the results of a study of Mexican farm households using 1991 survey data and a smaller resurvey of some of the same households in 1993. One study goal was to empirically examine the relationship between assets and the output supply function. Using a production model focusing on capital as a productive input, they found that both the supply level and the responsiveness (elasticities) to changing input and output prices tend to depend on the farmer's net assets and on how productive assets are used. Regression analysis using data from the surveys shows that farmers who use productive assets such as machinery tend to be positively responsive to price changes, while those with no access to such assets are not. Another study goal was to monitor the condition of Mexican farmers in a rapidly changing policy environment. The 1991 survey data suggest that farmers with more limited use of capital inputs (the low-CI group) were more likely to grow principally corn and to grow fewer crops, on average, than the others. They also had more problems getting credit and were less likely to use purchased inputs, such as seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides, or to use a tractor to prepare the soil. They tended to be less well-educated, and their land tended to be of lower quality. Results from the panel data showed conditions generally improving for the average farmer in the sample area between 1991 and 1993, during a period when agricultural reforms were implemented. Cropping patterns were more diversified, the average size of landholdings increased, the average farmer received more credit (in real terms), more farm households earned income from off-farm work, and more farmers used purchased inputs. Asset ownership and educational attainment also improved modestly. The very small low-CI group in this sample fared as well as, or better than, the other groups. True, their level of educational achievement fell, and fewer of them had off-farm income than in 1991. But their use of credit, irrigation, machinery, and purchased inputs increased more than for other groups. The limited data are not proof of a causal link, but the fact that the goals are being met should at least ensure that adverse conditions are not undermining reform. Farmers that lacked access to productive assets did not respond as well to incentives or take advantage of the opportunities presented by reform and may need assistance, particularly to get access to credit markets. There may be a good argument for decoupling income supports from price supports for farmers, since income payments that are independent of the vagaries of production could provide a more stable signal of creditworthiness than price supports do. Possibly reorienting research and extension services more to the needs of low-CI producers could also improve the efficiency with which the sector adjusts to new incentives. Hypotheses and tentative conclusions from this study will be explored further when more data are collected in 1995. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department---is part of a larger effort in the department to investigate the effects of international trade policy on individual producers. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Rural Poverty and Agriculture in Mexico: An Analysis of Farm Decisions and Supply Responsiveness (RPO 678-23)
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  • 73
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    Are Partner-Country Statistics Useful for Estimating Missing Trade Data? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Yeats, J. Alexander Are Partner-Country Statistics Useful for Estimating Missing Trade Data?
    Keywords: Bilateral Trade ; Common Carriers Industry ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Customs ; Customs Union ; Developing Countries ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Processing ; Export Processing Zones ; Export Value ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreement ; Import Data ; Import Statistics ; Import Value ; Imports ; Industry ; International Economics ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade Statistics ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Science and Technology Development ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Tariffs ; Trade ; Trade Data ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Bilateral Trade ; Common Carriers Industry ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Customs ; Customs Union ; Developing Countries ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Processing ; Export Processing Zones ; Export Value ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreement ; Import Data ; Import Statistics ; Import Value ; Imports ; Industry ; International Economics ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade Statistics ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Science and Technology Development ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Tariffs ; Trade ; Trade Data ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Because many developing countries fail to report trade statistics to the United Nations, there has been an interest in using partner-country data to fill these information gaps. The author used partner-country statistics for 30 developing countries to estimate actual (concealed) trade data and analyzed the magnitude of the resulting errors. The results indicate that partner-country data are unreliable even for estimating trade in broad aggregate product groups such as foodstuffs, fuels, or manufactures. Moreover, tests show that the reliability of partner-country statistics degenerates sharply as one moves to more finely distinguished trade categories (lower-level SITCs). Equally disturbing, about one-quarter of the partner-country comparisons take the wrong sign. That is, one country's reported free-on-board (f.o.b.) exports exceed the reported cost-insurance-freight (c.i.f.) value of partners' imports. Aside from product composition, tests show that partner-country data are equally inaccurate for estimating the direction of trade. Why are partner-country data so unreliable for approximating missing data? Evidence shows: 1) problems in reporting or processing COMTRADE data; 2) valuation differences (f.o.b. versus c.i.f.) for imports and exports; 3) problems relating to entrepot trade, or exports originating in export processing zones; 4) problems associated with exchange-rate changes; 5) intentional or unintentional misclassification of products; 6) efforts to conceal trade data for proprietary reasons; and 7) financial incentives to purposely falsify trade data. The author concludes that efforts to improve the general quality, or availability, of trade statistics using partner-country data holds little or no promise, although this information may be useful in specific cases where the trade statistics of a certain country are known to incorporate major errors. Significant progress in ugrading the accuracy, and coverage, of trade statistics can be achieved only by improving each country's procedures for data collection
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  • 74
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    Determinants of Motorization and Road Provision (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ingram, K. Gregory Determinants of Motorization and Road Provision
    Keywords: Air ; Air Pollution ; Auto Dependence ; Buses ; Cars ; Congestion ; Externalities ; Motor Vehicle ; Motor Vehicle Use ; Motor Vehicles ; Road ; Road Network ; Road Provision ; Roads ; Trans Transit Use ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trucks ; Urban Transport ; Vehicle Ownership ; Air ; Air Pollution ; Auto Dependence ; Buses ; Cars ; Congestion ; Externalities ; Motor Vehicle ; Motor Vehicle Use ; Motor Vehicles ; Road ; Road Network ; Road Provision ; Roads ; Trans Transit Use ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trucks ; Urban Transport ; Vehicle Ownership
    Abstract: January 1999 - National and urban motor vehicle ownership increases at about the same rate as income, whereas road length increases with income mainly at the national level. So, urban congestion grows with income. Controlling vehicle fleet growth and use would require high taxes that increase faster than income - or there could be congestion tolls. Ingram and Liu survey past trends in vehicle ownership and road network expansion to analyze determinants of their growth at the national and urban level. Surprisingly, they find that: ° Nationally, income is a major determinant of both vehicle ownership and road length. ° Nationally, paved road length and vehicle ownership has been increasing about as fast as income, while total road length is increasing less rapidly than income. ° In urban areas vehicle ownership increases as fast as income while road length increases very slowly with income. Because national paved road networks are expanding about as fast as national motor vehicle fleets, national congestion is unlikely to be worsening. But because urban road length is growing much more slowly than the number of urban motor vehicles, urban congestion is rising with income over time. Increased urban congestion is stimulating decentralized urban growth. Income elasticities are greater than price elasticities in absolute terms, for both vehicle ownership and use - an important finding because prices are often used as an instrument to control motor vehicle ownership and use. If price elasticities are half as large as income elasticities, prices would have to grow twice as fast as incomes to stabilize vehicle ownership. Breaking the link between income growth, rising congestion, and urban decentralization will be difficult: Restraining auto ownership in urban areas requires high tax rates, and increasing the supply of urban roads is costly. Elasticity estimates vary, but a good point estimate for the income elasticity of fleet growth is 1. This means country motor vehicle fleets grow in proportion to country incomes. More than half the world's annual increase in motor vehicles is likely to occur in high-income countries until 2025 (assuming GNP growth of 3 percent in high-income countries, 5 percent in low- and middle-income countries). The motor vehicle fleet in low- and middle-income countries is not projected to exceed that in high-income countries until after 2050. Carbon dioxide emissions are likely to be distributed similarly. This paper-a joint product of the Research Advisory Staff and the Transport Division, Transport, Water, and Urban Development Department-is part of a research project on motorization and roads. The authors may be contacted at gingramworldbank.org or zliu@worldbank.org
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  • 75
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    Reconsidering the Evidence on Returns to T&V Extension in Kenya (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (21 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gautam, Madhur Reconsidering the Evidence on Returns to T&V Extension in Kenya
    Keywords: Agencies ; Agricultural ; Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; E-Business ; Econometrics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education ; Extension ; Extension Services ; Family ; Farmers ; Farms ; Information ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Land ; Livestock ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Private Sector Development ; Research ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Training ; Agencies ; Agricultural ; Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; E-Business ; Econometrics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education ; Extension ; Extension Services ; Family ; Farmers ; Farms ; Information ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Land ; Livestock ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Private Sector Development ; Research ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Training
    Abstract: April 1999 - The sensitivity of empirical results to potential data errors and model misspecification can yield misleading policy implications and investment signals. A widely disseminated study of the impact of the training and visit (T&V) system of management for extension services in Kenya is a striking example of how innocuous data errors and alternative specifications lead to strikingly different results. Gautam and Anderson revisit the widely disseminated results of a study (Bindlish and Evenson 1993, 1997) of the impact of the training and visit (T&V) system of management for public extension services in Kenya. T&V was introduced in Kenya by the World Bank and has since been supported through two successive projects. The impact of the projects continues to be the subject of much debate. Gautam and Anderson's paper suggests the need for greater vigilance in empirical analysis, especially about the quality of data used to support Bank policy and the need to validate potentially influential findings. Using household data from 1990, Bindlish and Evenson found the returns from extension to be very high. But Gautam and Anderson find that the returns estimated by Bindlish and Evenson suffer from data errors, and limitations imposed by cross-sectional data. After correcting for several data processing and measurement errors, the authors show the results to be less robust than reported by Bindlish and Evenson and highly sensitive to regional effects. When region-specific effects are included, a positive return to extension cannot be established, using Bindlish and Evenson's data set and cross-sectional model specifications. After testing the robustness of results using a number of tests, Gautam and Anderson could not definitively establish the factors underlying strong regional effects, largely because of the limitations imposed by the cross-sectional framework. Household panel data methods would have allowed greater control for regional effects and would have yielded better insight into the impact of extension. The impact on agricultural productivity in Kenya expected from T&V extension services is not discernible from the available data, and the impact may vary across districts. The hypothesis that T&V had no impact in Kenya between 1982 and 1990 cannot be rejected. The sample data fail to support a positive rate of return on the investment in T&V. This paper-a product of the Sector and Thematic Evaluation Division, Operations Evaluation Department-is part of a larger exploration by the department of the effects of the investment in agricultural extension in Kenya. The authors may be contacted at mgautamworldbank.org or janderson@worldbank.org
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    Mutual Funds and Institutional Investments : What Is the Most Efficient Way to Set Up Individual Accounts in a Social Security System? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (65 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: James, Estelle Mutual Funds and Institutional Investments
    Keywords: Administrative Costs ; Bank ; Contribution ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Industry ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Sustainability ; Individual Accounts ; Investment ; Investment Companies ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Money Market ; Mutual Fund ; Mutual Funds ; Populations ; Private Sector Development ; Research Assistance ; Retirement ; Retirement Benefits ; Saving ; Social Security ; Administrative Costs ; Bank ; Contribution ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Industry ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Sustainability ; Individual Accounts ; Investment ; Investment Companies ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Money Market ; Mutual Fund ; Mutual Funds ; Populations ; Private Sector Development ; Research Assistance ; Retirement ; Retirement Benefits ; Saving ; Social Security
    Abstract: April 1999 - Among three options for constructing funded social security pillars, one system - individual accounts invested in the institutional market, with constrained choice among investment companies - appears to offer reduced administrative and marketing costs, significant worker choice, and more insulation from political interference than a single centralized fund or individual investments in the retail market would offer. One of the main criticisms of the defined-contribution, individual-account components of social security systems is that they are too expensive. James, Ferrier, Smalhout, and Vittas investigate the cost-effectiveness of three options for constructing funded social security pillars: ° Individual accounts invested in the retail market with relatively open choice. ° Individual accounts invested in the institutional market with constrained choice among investment companies. ° A centralized fund without individual accounts or differentiated investments across individuals. The authors asked several questions: What is the most cost-effective way to organize a system with mandatory individual accounts? How does the cost of an efficient individual account system compare with that of a single centralized fund? And are the cost differentials great enough to outweigh other important considerations? The authors concentrate on countries with well-functioning financial markets, such as the United States, but make comparative references to developing countries. Based on empirical evidence about U.S. mutual and institutional funds, the authors found that the retail market (option 1) allows individual investors to benefit from scale economies in asset management-but at the cost of the high marketing expenses needed to attract large pools of small investments. By contrast, a centralized fund (option 3) can be much cheaper because it achieves scale economies without high marketing costs. But it gives workers no choice and is subject to political manipulation and misallocation of capital. The system of constrained choice (option 2) is much cheaper than the retail option and only slightly more expensive than a single centralized fund. It allows scale economies in asset management and record-keeping while incurring low marketing costs and allowing significant worker choice. It is also more effectively insulated from political interference than a single centralized fund. The authors estimate that option 2 would cost only 0.14 percent-0.18 percent of assets annually. Such large administrative cost savings imply a Pareto improvement-so long as choice is not constrained too much. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources and Finance, Development Research Group-was prepared for a National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on Social Security held on December 4, 1998. The authors may be contacted at ejames3worldbank.org or dvittas@worldbank.org
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    Decentralization and Fiscal Management in Colombia (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (49 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Webb, B. Steven Decentralization and Fiscal Management in Colombia
    Keywords: Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Decentralization ; Decentralization Process ; Deconcentration ; Deficits ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Decentralization ; Fiscal Deficits ; Interest ; Intergovernmental Relations ; Laws ; Local Governments ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Municipal Financial Management ; Municipalities ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Revenue ; Risk ; Subnational Governments ; Transfers ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Value ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Decentralization ; Decentralization Process ; Deconcentration ; Deficits ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Decentralization ; Fiscal Deficits ; Interest ; Intergovernmental Relations ; Laws ; Local Governments ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Municipal Financial Management ; Municipalities ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Revenue ; Risk ; Subnational Governments ; Transfers ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Value
    Abstract: May 1999 - Institutional arrangements have helped Colombia manage the fiscal aspects of decentralization, despite the country's political problems. Colombia's political geography contrasts sharply with its economy. Physical characteristics and guerilla war fragment the country geographically, yet it has a long tradition of political centrism and macroeconomic stability. Recently, with political and economic decentralization, there has been some weakening of macroeconomic performance. Dillinger and Webb explore institutional arrangements that have helped Colombia manage the fiscal aspects of decentralization, despite the country's political problems. Fiscal decentralization proceeded rapidly in Colombia. Education, health, and much infrastructure provision have been decentralized to the departmentos and municipios. Decentralization has led to substantial but not overwhelming problems, both in maintaining fiscal balance nationally (as resources are transferred to subnational levels) and in preventing unsustainable deficits by the subnational governments. The problems have arisen because central government interference prevents departments from controlling their costs and because of expectations of debt bailouts. Both are legacies of the earlier pattern of management from the center, and some recent changes-especially about subnational debt-may improve matters. Colombia's traditional political process has had difficulty dealing with problems of decentralization because traditional parties are weak in internal organization and have lost de facto rule over substantial territories. The fiscal problems of subnational government have been contained, however, because subnational governments are relatively weak politically and the central government, for the time being, has been able to enforce restrictions on subnational borrowing. This paper-a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Latin America and Caribbean Region-is part of a larger effort in the region to examine the macroeconomic consequences of decentralization. The authors may be contacted at wdillingerworldbank.org or swebb@worldbank.org
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    Social Exclusion and Land Administration in Orissa, India (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (83 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mearns, Robin Social Exclusion and Land Administration in Orissa, India
    Keywords: Access To Land ; Charges ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Contracts ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forestry ; Grants ; Income ; Institutional Analysis ; Institutional Reform ; Institutional Reforms ; Land ; Land Tenure ; Land Use ; Land Use and Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Public ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Revenue ; Revenue Collection ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Social Exclusion ; State Governments ; States ; Subnational Governance ; Urban Areas ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Urban Governance and Management ; Access To Land ; Charges ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Contracts ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forestry ; Grants ; Income ; Institutional Analysis ; Institutional Reform ; Institutional Reforms ; Land ; Land Tenure ; Land Use ; Land Use and Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Public ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Revenue ; Revenue Collection ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Social Exclusion ; State Governments ; States ; Subnational Governance ; Urban Areas ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Urban Governance and Management
    Abstract: May 1999 - Which factors prevent the rural poor and other socially excluded groups from having access to land in Orissa, India? The authors report on the first empirical study of its kind to examine - from the perspective of transaction costs - factors that constrain access to land for the rural poor and other socially excluded groups in India. They find that: -Land reform has reduced large landholdings since the 1950s. Medium size farms have gained most. Formidable obstacles still prevent the poor from gaining access to land. -The complexity of land revenue administration in Orissa is partly the legacy of distinctly different systems, which produced more or less complete and accurate land records. These not-so-distant historical records can be important in resolving contemporary land disputes. -Orissa tried legally to abolish land-leasing. Concealed tenancy persisted, with tenants having little protection under the law. -Women's access to and control over land, and their bargaining power with their husbands about land, may be enhanced through joint land titling, a principle yet to be realized in Orissa. -Land administration is viewed as a burden on the state rather than a service, and land records and registration systems are not coordinated. Doing so will improve rights for the poor and reduce transaction costs - but only if the system is transparent and the powerful do not retain the leverage over settlement officers that has allowed land grabs. Land in Orissa may be purchased, inherited, rented (leased), or - in the case of public land and the commons - encroached upon. Each type of transaction - and the State's response, through land law and administration - has implications for poor people's access to land. The authors find that: -Land markets are thin and transaction costs are high, limiting the amount of agricultural land that changes hands. -The fragmentation of landholdings into tiny, scattered plots is a brake on agricultural productivity, but efforts to consolidate land may discriminate against the rural poor. Reducing transaction costs in land markets will help. - Protecting the rural poor's rights of access to common land requires raising public awareness and access to information. -Liberalizing land-lease markets for the rural poor will help, but only if the poor are ensured access to institutional credit. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development. Robin Mearns may be contacted at rmearnsworldbank.org
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  • 79
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    Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade
    Keywords: Bilateral Free Trade Agreement ; Competition Laws ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Clearance ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Regulatory Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Suppliers ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Market Access Costs ; Market Segmentation ; Market Segmenting ; Market Segmenting Effect ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regionalism ; Regulatory Barriers ; Regulatory Stance ; Safety Regulations ; Tariff ; Tariff Barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Bilateral Free Trade Agreement ; Competition Laws ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Clearance ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Regulatory Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Suppliers ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Market Access Costs ; Market Segmentation ; Market Segmenting ; Market Segmenting Effect ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regionalism ; Regulatory Barriers ; Regulatory Stance ; Safety Regulations ; Tariff ; Tariff Barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration
    Abstract: May 1999 - Preferential trade agreements that are limited to the elimination of tariffs for merchandise trade flows are of limited value at best and may be as easily welfare-reducing as welfare-enhancing. It is important that preferential trade agreements go beyond eliminating tariffs and quotas to eliminating regulatory and red tape costs and opening up service markets to foreign competition. Deep integration-explicit government actions to reduce the market-segmenting effect of domestic regulatory policies through coordination and cooperation-is becoming a major dimension of some regional integration agreements, led by the European Union. Health and safety regulations, competition laws, licensing and certification regimes, and administrative procedures such as customs clearance can affect trade (in ways analogous to nontariff barriers) even though their underlying intent may not be to discriminate against foreign suppliers of goods and services. Whether preferential trade agreements (PTAs) can be justified in a multilateral trading system depends on the extent to which formal intergovernmental agreements are technically necessary to achieve the deep integration needed to make markets more contestable. The more need for formal cooperation, the stronger the case for regional integration. Whether PTAs are justified regionally also depends on whether efforts to reduce market segmentation are applied on a nondiscriminatory basis. If innovations to reduce transaction or market access costs extend to both members and nonmembers of a PTA, regionalism as an instrument of trade and investment becomes more attractive. Using a standard competitive general equilibrium model of the Egyptian economy, Hoekman and Konan find that the static welfare impact of a deep free trade agreement is far greater than the impact that can be expected from a classic shallow agreement. Under some scenarios, welfare may increase by more than 10 percent of GDP, compared with close to zero under a shallow agreement. Given Egypt's highly diversified trading patterns, a shallow PTA with the European Union could be merely diversionary, leading to a small decline in welfare. Egypt already has duty-free access to the European Union for manufactures, so the loss in tariff revenues incurred would outweigh any new trade created. Large gains in welfare from the PTA are conditional on eliminating regulatory barriers and red tape-in which case welfare gains may be substantial: 4 to 20 percent growth in real GNP. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze regional integration agreements. The authors may be contacted at bhoekmanworldbank.org or konan@hawaii.edu
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  • 80
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    Hungary's Integration into European Union Markets : Production and Trade Restructuring (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Bartlomiej Hungary's Integration into European Union Markets
    Keywords: Access to Markets ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Central Planning ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitive Markets ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Relations ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; General System Of Preferences ; Goods ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Shares ; Trade ; Trade Barriers ; Trade Policy ; Transition Economies ; Transition Economy ; Value ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Access to Markets ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Central Planning ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitive Markets ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Relations ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; General System Of Preferences ; Goods ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Shares ; Trade ; Trade Barriers ; Trade Policy ; Transition Economies ; Transition Economy ; Value ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: June 1999 - Can Hungarian firms cope with competitive pressures and market forces within the European Union market (a criterion for joining)? The empirical evidence suggests that Hungary can withstand such competitive pressures without suppressing the real incomes of Hungary's citizens. Hungary has achieved impressive results in reorienting both its production and trade. Between 1989 and 1992, as the former CMEA markets collapsed and Hungary liberalized imports and the exchange rate regime, exports to the European Union (EU) expanded, with manufactured exports redirected largely to Western (mostly EU) markets. During this first phase of expansion, characterized by a dramatic reorientation and explosion of trade, the value of Hungary's exports increased 84 percent. In 1993 export expansion lost steam and EU-oriented exports fell 12 percent. In a second phase of expansion (in 1994-97), driven by restructured and rapidly changing export offers, exports again registered strong performance, their value increasing 132 percent. There was a dramatic shift from an export basket dominated by resource-intensive, low-value-added products to one driven by manufactures, with a rapidly accelerating growth of engineering products. Machinery and transport equipment rose from 12 percent of exports to the EU in 1989 to more than 50 percent in 1997. The shift from natural resource and unskilled-labor-intensive products to technology- and capital-intensive products in EU-oriented exports suggests the potential for integration higher in the value-added spectrum. More stringent EU environmental regulations will affect a relatively low, and falling, share of Hungary's exports. The Hungarian share of environmentally dirty products imported by the EU has increased, but these products have not been trendsetters among Hungarian exports, their share in exports falling from 26 percent in 1989 to 16 percent in 1996. The rapid pace of Hungary's turnaround seems to reflect the emergence of second-generation firms, mostly foreign-owned. Foreign-owned firms tend to be more export-oriented. Hungary has been one of the more successful transition economies because its economy was receptive to foreign direct investment from the outset. Between 1990 and 1997, Hungary absorbed roughly half of all foreign capital invested in Central Europe. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study regional integration. The author may be contacted at bkaminskiworldbank.org
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  • 81
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    Gender Bias in China, the Republic of Korea, and India 1920-90 : Effects of War, Famine, and Fertility Decline (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gupta, Das Monica Gender Bias in China, the Republic of Korea, and India 1920-90
    Keywords: Center For Population ; Child Mortality ; Child Survival ; Discrimination ; Fertility ; Fertility Decline ; Gender ; Gender Bias ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; National Level ; Number Of Births ; Population ; Population And Development ; Population Policies ; Population Research ; Poverty ; Resource Constraint ; Sex ; Sex Ratios ; Son Preference ; United Nations Population Fund ; War ; Center For Population ; Child Mortality ; Child Survival ; Discrimination ; Fertility ; Fertility Decline ; Gender ; Gender Bias ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; National Level ; Number Of Births ; Population ; Population And Development ; Population Policies ; Population Research ; Poverty ; Resource Constraint ; Sex ; Sex Ratios ; Son Preference ; United Nations Population Fund ; War
    Abstract: June 1999 - The proportions of girls 'missing' rose sharply in these countries during times of war, famine, and fertility decline. Resulting shortages of wives improved the treatment of adult women without reducing discrimination against daughters or increasing women's autonomy. The latter goals can be reached only with fundamental changes in women's family position-changes that are taking place only slowly. Kinship systems in China, the Republic of Korea, and North India have similar features that generate discrimination against girls, and these countries have some of the highest proportions of girls 'missing' in the world. Das Gupta and Li document how the excess mortality of girls was increased by war, famine, and fertility decline-all of which constrained household resources-between 1920 and 1990. Of the three countries, China experienced the most crises during this period (with civil war, invasion, and famine). The resulting excess mortality of girls in China offset the demographic forces making for a surplus of wives as overall mortality rates declined. India had the quietest history during this period, and consequently followed the expected pattern of a growing surplus of available wives. These changes in sex ratios had substantial social ramifications. The authors hypothesize that these demographic factors: ° Encouraged the continuation of brideprice in China, while in India there was a shift to dowry. ° Influenced the extent and manifestations of violence against women. An oversupply of women is the worst scenario for women, as there are fewer constraints to domestic violence. A shortage of women leads to better treatment of wives, as people become more careful not to lose a wife. However in situations of shortage, a small proportion of women may be subject to new types of violence such as being kidnapped for marriage. Ironically, then, higher levels of discrimination against girls can help reduce violence against women. When women are in short supply, their treatment improves. But their autonomy can increase only with fundamental changes in their family position, changes that are taking place only slowly. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study social institutions and development outcomes. Monica Das Gupta may be contacted at mdasguptaworldbank.org
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  • 82
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    A New Database on Financial Development and Structure (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (67 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross A New Database on Financial Development and Structure
    Keywords: Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market
    Abstract: July 1999 - This new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time unites a range of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine introduce a new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time. This database is unique in that it unites a variety of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. It improves on previous efforts by presenting data on the public share of commercial banks, by introducing indicators of the size and activity of nonbank financial institutions, and by presenting measures of the size of bond and primary equity markets. The compiled data permit the construction of financial structure indicators to measure whether, for example, a country's banks are larger, more active, and more efficient than its stock markets. These indicators can then be used to investigate the empirical link between the legal, regulatory, and policy environment and indicators of financial structure. They can also be used to analyze the implications of financial structure for economic growth. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine describe the sources and construction of, and the intuition behind, different indicators and present descriptive statistics. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a broader effort in the group to understand the determinants of financial structure and its importance to economic development. The authors may be contacted at tbeckworldbank.org, ademirguckunt@worldbank.org, or rlevine@csom.umn.edu
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  • 83
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    Income Gains to the Poor from Workfare : Estimates for Argentina's Trabajar Program (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Income Gains to the Poor from Workfare
    Keywords: Communities & Human Settlements ; Counterfactual ; Economic Theory and Research ; Evaluation ; Experimental Design ; Experimental Methods ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Impact Evaluation ; Income ; Income ; Inequality ; Intervention ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Matching Methods ; Outcomes ; Participation ; Poverty ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Programs ; Projects ; Reflexive Comparisons ; Research ; Sampling ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Surveys ; Targeting ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Counterfactual ; Economic Theory and Research ; Evaluation ; Experimental Design ; Experimental Methods ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Impact Evaluation ; Income ; Income ; Inequality ; Intervention ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Matching Methods ; Outcomes ; Participation ; Poverty ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Programs ; Projects ; Reflexive Comparisons ; Research ; Sampling ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Surveys ; Targeting
    Abstract: July 1999 - A workfare program was introduced in response to high unemployment in Argentina. An ex-post evaluation using matching methods indicates that the program generated sizable net income gains to generally poor participants. Jalan and Ravallion use propensity-score matching methods to estimate the net income gains to families of workers participating in an Argentinian workfare program. The methods they propose are feasible for evaluating safety net interventions in settings in which many other methods are not feasible. The average gain is about half the gross wage. Even allowing for forgone income, the distribution of gains is decidedly pro-poor. More than half the beneficiaries are in the poorest decile nationally and 80 percent of them are in the poorest quintile - reflecting the self-targeting feature of the program design. Average gains for men and women are similar, but gains are higher for younger workers. Women's greater participation would not enhance average income gains, and the distribution of gains would worsen. Greater participation by the young would raise average gains but would also worsen the distribution. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to improve methods for evaluating the poverty impact of Bank-supported programs. The authors may be contacted at jjalanisid.ac.in or mravallion@worldbank.org
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  • 84
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    Challenging El Salvador's Rural Health Care Strategy (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (58 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Eskeland, Gunnar Challenging El Salvador's Rural Health Care Strategy
    Keywords: Aged ; Children ; Clinics ; Decision Making ; First Aid ; Health ; Health Behavior ; Health Care ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hospitals ; Injuries ; Knowledge ; Mortality ; Patients ; Physicians ; Prevention ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health ; Strategy ; Workers ; Aged ; Children ; Clinics ; Decision Making ; First Aid ; Health ; Health Behavior ; Health Care ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hospitals ; Injuries ; Knowledge ; Mortality ; Patients ; Physicians ; Prevention ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health ; Strategy ; Workers
    Abstract: August 1999 - Low-skilled health promoters posted in rural villages are doing little to improve health or health-seeking behaviors. In a supply-driven system, such workers have too few incentives, too little knowledge, and too little supervision. Results can be improved without increasing costs. Can a supply-driven network of under-skilled rural health promoters make a difference in rural health care? There are few, if any, signs that the current rural health strategy in El Salvador is working, whether the health promoters are government employees or nongovernmental organization (NGO) workers. Lewis, Eskeland, and Traa-Valerezo arrived at this conclusion after conducting interviews and analyzing primary and secondary data. The village-based health promoters lack incentives and supervision, and ultimately have little to offer local communities. NGO workers are more successful than government workers, but neither group performs satisfactorily. Even the rural poor use private services quite intensively, despite the high cost of the services and of getting access to them. Moreover, people seem to seek the services they need. They select self-treatment in 50 percent of illness episodes, with about the same success rate as when they use health providers. Other options should be considered, as results can be improved without increasing costs. This paper - a product of the Human Development Sector Units, Europe and Central Asia Region and Latin America and Caribbean Region; and Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to encourage appropriate policies and programs in the health sector. The authors may be contacted at mlewis1worldbank.org, geskeland@worldbank.org, or xtraavalerezo@worldbank.org
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  • 85
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    The Russian City in Transition : The First Six Years in 10 Volga Capitals (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (64 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Melo, Martha The Russian City in Transition
    Keywords: Autonomy ; Capitals ; Cities ; City Development Strategies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Housing ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Large Cities ; Local Governments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal ; Municipal Financial Management ; Natural Resources ; Pricing ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public Transport ; Services ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subnational Governance ; Subsidies ; Transport ; Urban Development ; Wages ; Autonomy ; Capitals ; Cities ; City Development Strategies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Housing ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Large Cities ; Local Governments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal ; Municipal Financial Management ; Natural Resources ; Pricing ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Public Transport ; Services ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subnational Governance ; Subsidies ; Transport ; Urban Development ; Wages
    Abstract: August 1999 - Reform in 10 regional capitals along the Volga River is associated with favorable initial conditions. And both reform and favorable initial conditions are associated with relatively successful economic outcomes - except where access to extra resources improves outcomes or where weak government undermines success. After studying the nature and variety of transition in 10 regional capitals of Russia, de Melo and Ofer observe that: ° All cities have experienced radical changes in their institutions and economies - changes associated on the one hand with the abolition of central planning and the introduction of freer markets, and on the other hand with political decentralization and the introduction of local elections. ° These changes have led to a wide diversity in economic and social outcomes, reflecting differences in the central government's (inequitable) economic relations with regions as well as differing local and regional policies. Most northern cities adopted policies more consistent with the central government's support of free market reforms; most southern (Red Belt) cities pursued more cautious, protective policies. ° City governments are using more proactive economic policies, including interventions to save local industries. Such efforts highlight the dual nature of the Russian transition, characterized by a shift in power from central to local government as well as from public to private enterprises. ° A major difficulty facing Russian cities is the cost of subsidies to housing and utilities. Real estate in general constitutes a major expenditure category for local government rather than, as in most western cities, a major source of revenue. A transition in this area alone could revolutionize the finances and independence of Russian cities. ° The jury is still out on what the right social and industrial policies were during the first years of reform. Ulyanovsk clearly lagged on market reforms, and Saratov represents a model of liberalization without institutional support. Both extremes have failed, but so far the social consequences of the Saratov model appear to be worse than those of the Ulyanovsk model. ° With the credibility of Russia's federal government at an all-time low, foreign investors have no choice but to rely on the competence and reliability of local leaders, especially mayors and governors. They will be looking for evidence of accountability in the form of the rule of law, and transparency in the form of reliable public information. Information at the city level - often unavailable and not easily accessible - would be very useful in attracting local researchers to monitor progress (as a basis for accountability) and diagnose problems (as a basis for public policy debate and political decisions). This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the causes and effects of fiscal decentralization. The project was carried out in cooperation with the New Economic School (NES) in Moscow. This is the first of two papers on the Volga cities. The authors may be contacted at rhanrotterols.com or gur.ofer@yale.edu
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    The Slippery Slope : Explaining the Increase in Extreme Poverty in Urban Brazil, 1976 96 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (78 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Barros, de Paes Ricardo The Slippery Slope
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Formal Safety Nets ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Composition ; Household Income ; Household Per Capita Income ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Measures ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Population Policies ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Indices ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Formal Safety Nets ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Composition ; Household Income ; Household Per Capita Income ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Measures ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Population Policies ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Indices ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment
    Abstract: October 1999 - During the turbulent years 1976-96, aggregate data for Brazil appear to show only small changes in mean income, inequality, and incidence of poverty - suggesting little change in the distribution of income. But a small group of urban households - excluded from formal labor markets and safety nets - was trapped in indigence. Based on welfare measured in terms of income alone, the poorest part of urban Brazil has experienced two lost decades. Despite tremendous macroeconomic instability in Brazil, the country's distributions of urban income in 1976 and 1996 appear, at first glance, deceptively similar. Mean household income per capita was stagnant, with minute accumulated growth (4.3 percent) over the two decades. The Gini coefficient hovered just above 0.59 in both years, and the incidence of poverty (relative to a poverty line of R
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  • 87
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    Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries : Implications for the Millennium Round (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (92 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Michalopoulos, Constantine Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries
    Keywords: Agricultural Trade ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Subsidies ; Export Subsidy ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Imports ; International Economics & Trade ; International Market ; International Trade ; International Trading ; International Trading System ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Tariffs ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade Remedies ; World Trade ; Agricultural Trade ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Subsidies ; Export Subsidy ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Imports ; International Economics & Trade ; International Market ; International Trade ; International Trading ; International Trading System ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Tariffs ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade Remedies ; World Trade
    Abstract: October 1999 - An analysis of developing countries' current trade policies and market access problems is used as a basis for recommending positions for these countries in the new round of multilateral negotiations under the World Trade Organization. Michalopoulos analyzes 61 trade policy reviews prepared for the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, GATT - reviews that document the progress developing countries have made in integration with the world trading system over the past decade. Based on an analysis of post-Uruguay Round tariff and nontariff barriers worldwide, he then recommends developing country positions on major issues in the new round of WTO trade negotiations. His key conclusions and recommendations: · Agriculture. Developing countries should support the Cairns Group in its push for greater liberalization of industrial countries' agricultural trade policies; the revised Food Aid Convention is not a substitute for but a complement to worldwide liberalization of agriculture. · Manufactures. The existence of tariff peaks and escalation in industrial country markets and the limited bindings at relatively high levels of developing country tariffs on manufactures present opportunities for negotiations with good prospects for shared and balanced benefits. The remaining nontariff barriers in industrial countries that affect manufactures are concentrated in textiles and clothing. Developing countries should ensure that industrial countries implement their commitments to liberalize this sector and impose no new nontariff barriers in this or other sectors under the guise of other rules or arrangements. The remaining nontariff barriers in developing countries should be converted into tariffs and reduced over time as part of the negotiations. · Antidumping. The increased use of antidumping measures by high- and middle-income developing countries in recent periods offers an opportunity for balanced negotiations to restrict their use. Reduced use of antidumping measures would increase efficiency and benefit consumers in all countries. But it is unclear whether a supportive climate for such negotiations exists in either industrial or developing countries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify opportunities for developing countries in the WTO 2000 negotiations. The author may be contacted at cmichalopoulosworldbank.org
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  • 88
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    Border, Border, Wide and Far, How We Wonder What You Are (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wei, Shang-Jin Border, Border, Wide and Far, How We Wonder What You Are
    Keywords: Arbitrage ; Barriers ; Commodity ; Consumer Price Index ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Movements ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance ; International Market ; International Markets ; International Trade ; Legal Systems ; Local Currencies ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Power Parity ; Price ; Price Volatility ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Purchasing Power ; Trade ; Arbitrage ; Barriers ; Commodity ; Consumer Price Index ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Movements ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance ; International Market ; International Markets ; International Trade ; Legal Systems ; Local Currencies ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Power Parity ; Price ; Price Volatility ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Purchasing Power ; Trade
    Abstract: November 1999 - Crossing national borders adds significantly to price dispersion. This study of prices in Japan and the United States finds that a substantial part of that border effect is attributable to distance, shipping costs, exchange rates, and relative variability in wages. Parsley and Wei exploit three-dimensional panel data on prices for 27 traded goods, over 88 quarters, across 96 cities in Japan and the United States, to answer several questions: · Does the average exchange rate between countries stray further from zero than that between cities within a country? · Is there any tendency for the average exchange rate to move closer to zero over time? · Does the border narrow over time? · Is there evidence linking changes in the so-called border effect - the extra dispersion in prices between cities in different countries beyond what physical distance could explain - with plausible economic explanations, such as exchange rate variability? The authors present evidence that the intranational real exchange rates are substantially less volatile than the comparable distribution of international relative prices. They also show that an equally weighted average of commodity-level real exchange rates tracks the nominal exchange rate well, suggesting strong evidence of sticky prices. Next they turn to economic explanations for the dynamics of the border effect. Focusing on the dispersion of prices between city pairs, they confirm previous findings that crossing national borders adds significantly to price dispersion. Based on their point estimates, crossing the U.S.-Japan border is equivalent to adding between 2.5 and 13 million miles to the cross-country volatility of relative prices. They infer that distance, exchange rates, shipping costs, and relative variability in wages influence the border effect. After those variables are controlled for, the border effect disappears. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand international capital flows. The authors may be contacted at david.parsleyowen.vanderbilt.edu or swei@worldbank.org
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  • 89
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    A Quantitative Evaluation of Vietnam's Accession to the ASEAN Free Trade Area (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (70 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Martin, Will A Quantitative Evaluation of Vietnam's Accession to the ASEAN Free Trade Area
    Keywords: Access ; Capital Goods ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Industries ; Domestic Production ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Factor Endowments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Area ; Import Competition ; Intermediate Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Openness ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Trade Creation ; Trade Diversion ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Patterns ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy ; Trade Regime ; Unilateral Liberalization ; Access ; Capital Goods ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Industries ; Domestic Production ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Factor Endowments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Area ; Import Competition ; Intermediate Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Openness ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff ; Trade Creation ; Trade Diversion ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Patterns ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy ; Trade Regime ; Unilateral Liberalization
    Abstract: November 1999 - The static economic benefits of Vietnam's accession to the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) are likely to be relatively small. The gains from increased access to ASEAN markets would be small, and they would be offset by the costs of trade diversion on the import side. But binding commitments on protection rates under the AFTA plan could provide an important stepping stone to more beneficial broader liberalization. Vietnam's accession to the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) has been an important step in its integration into the world economy. Fukase and Martin use a multiregion, multisector computable general equilibrium model to evaluate how different trade liberalization policies of Vietnam and its main trading partners affect Vietnam's welfare, taking into account the simultaneous impacts on trade, output, and industrial structure. They conclude that: · The static economywide effects of the AFTA liberalization to which Vietnam is currently committed are small. On the import side, the exclusion of a series of products from the AFTA commitments appears to limit the scope of trade creation, and the discriminatory nature of AFTA liberalization would divert Vietnam's trade from non-ASEAN members. · Vietnam's small initial exports to ASEAN make the gains from improved access to partner markets relatively modest. Since Singapore dominates Vietnam's ASEAN exports and initial protection in Singapore is close to zero, there are few gains from preferred status in this market. · When Vietnam extends its AFTA commitments to all of its trading partners on a most favored nation basis, its welfare increases substantially - partly because of the greater extent of liberalization, partly because the broader liberalization undoes the costly trade diversion created by the initial discriminatory liberalization, and finally because of the more efficient allocation of resources among Vietnam's industries. · AFTA, APEC, and unilateral liberalizations affect Vietnam's industries in different ways. AFTA appears to benefit Vietnam's agriculture by improving its access to the ASEAN market. · Broad unilateral liberalization beyond AFTA is likely to shift labor away from agriculture and certain import-competing activities toward relatively labor-intensive manufacturing. Reduced costs for intermediate inputs will benefit domestic production. These sectors conform to Vietnam's current comparative advantage, and undertaking broad unilateral liberalization now seems a promising way to facilitate the subsequent development of competitive firms in more capital- and skill-intensive sectors. By contrast, more intense import competition may lead some import substitution industries (now dependent on protection) to contract. · The higher level of welfare resulting from more comprehensive liberalization implies that the sectoral protection currently given to capital-intensive and strategic industries is imposing substantial implicit taxes on the rest of the economy. · All the above suggests that AFTA should be treated as an important initial step toward broader liberalization. Binding international commitments in AFTA and, in due course, at the World Trade Organization can provide a credible signal of Vietnam's commitment to open trade policies that will help stimulate the upgrading of existing firms and investment in efficient and dynamic firms. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - was prepared as part of the AFTA Expansion Project in collaboration with the East Asia and Pacific Region. The authors may be contacted at efukaseworldbank.org or wmartin1@worldbank.org
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  • 90
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    How Did Highly Indebted Poor Countries Become Highly Indebted? : Reviewing Two Decades of Debt Relief (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Easterly, William How Did Highly Indebted Poor Countries Become Highly Indebted?
    Keywords: Amount Of Debt ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Debt Payment ; Debt Relief ; Debt Service ; Debt Servicing ; Debt-Service ; Default ; Discount ; Discount Rate ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Debt ; Foreign Loan ; Foreign Loans ; Forgiveness ; Good ; Indebted Countries ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Productive Investments ; Strategic Debt Management ; Third World Debt ; Amount Of Debt ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Debt Payment ; Debt Relief ; Debt Service ; Debt Servicing ; Debt-Service ; Default ; Discount ; Discount Rate ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Debt ; Foreign Loan ; Foreign Loans ; Forgiveness ; Good ; Indebted Countries ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Productive Investments ; Strategic Debt Management ; Third World Debt
    Abstract: November 1999 - Theoretical models predict that countries with unchanged long-run savings preferences will respond to debt relief by running up new debts or by running down assets. And there are some signs that incremental debt relief over the past two decades has fulfilled those predictions. Debt relief is futile for countries with unchanged long-run savings preferences. How did highly indebted poor countries become highly indebted after two decades of debt relief efforts? A set of theoretical models predict that countries with unchanged long-run savings preferences will respond to debt relief with a mixture of asset decumulation and new borrowing. A model also predicts that a high-discount-rate government will choose poor policies and impose its intertemporal preferences on the entire economy. Reviewing the experience of highly indebted poor countries, compared with that of other developing countries, Easterly finds direct and indirect evidence of asset decumulation and new borrowing associated with debt relief. The ratio of the net present value of debt to exports rose strongly over 1979-97 despite the debt relief efforts. Average policies in highly indebted poor countries were generally worse than those in other developing countries, controlling for income. The trend for terms of trade was no different in highly indebted poor countries than in other developing countries, not were wars more likely in highly indebted poor countries. Over time there has been an important shift in financing for highly indebted poor countries, away from private and bilateral nonconcessional sources to the International Development Association and other sources of multilateral concessional financing. But this implicit form of debt relief also failed to reduce debt in net present value terms. Although debt relief is done in the name of the poor, the poor are worse off if debt relief creates incentives to delay reforms needed for growth. This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effectiveness of aid for growth. The author may be contacted at weasterlyworldbank.org
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  • 91
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    Market Access Advances and Retreats : The Uruguay Round and Beyond (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (80 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Finger, Michael J Market Access Advances and Retreats
    Keywords: Agricultural Products ; Agricultural Trade ; Antidumping ; Antidumping Cases ; Border Protection ; Concessions ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quantitative Restrictions ; Reciprocal Concessions ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff ; Tariff Concessions ; Tariff Levels ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff Reductions ; Tariffs ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization ; Agricultural Products ; Agricultural Trade ; Antidumping ; Antidumping Cases ; Border Protection ; Concessions ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quantitative Restrictions ; Reciprocal Concessions ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff ; Tariff Concessions ; Tariff Levels ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff Reductions ; Tariffs ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: Uruguay Round negotiations on market access were a success. Tariff cuts covered a larger share of world trade than those of the Kennedy or Tokyo Rounds and will save importers some
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  • 92
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    The Green Revolution and the Productivity Paradox : Evidence from the Indian Punjab (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Murgai, Rinku The Green Revolution and the Productivity Paradox
    Keywords: Agricultural Production ; Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Cotton ; Crop ; Cropping ; Cropping Systems ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Development Research ; Drought Management ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farmers ; Green Revolution ; Hybrid Seed ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Irrigation and Drainage ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Maize ; Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rice ; Seed Varieties ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Technology Adoption ; Water Resources ; Wheat ; Agricultural Production ; Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Cotton ; Crop ; Cropping ; Cropping Systems ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Development Research ; Drought Management ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farmers ; Green Revolution ; Hybrid Seed ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Irrigation and Drainage ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Maize ; Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rice ; Seed Varieties ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Technology Adoption ; Water Resources ; Wheat
    Abstract: In assessing new technologies, policy-makers should allow time between the adoption of the technologies and the realization of productivity gains attributable to them. Productivity growth was much lower than might be expected during the green revolution in the Indian Punjab but improved as learning processes took effect and resource management and the use of inputs became more efficient.Murgai provides district-level estimates of the contribution of technical change to agricultural output growth in the Indian Punjab from 1960 to 1993. Contrary to widespread belief, productivity growth in the Punjab was surprisingly low during the green revolution (in the mid-1960s), when modern hybrid seed varieties were being adopted. It improved later, after adoption of the new varieties was essentially complete. Murgai proposes three reasons for this pattern: · The standard measure of total factor productivity overstates the contribution of capital to output growth at the expense of the productivity residual. High-yielding varieties introduced in the 1960s helped spur output growth by making crops responsive to water and fertilizer, which not only allowed but indeed encouraged far greater use of capital inputs. This increase in the elasticity of the output response to capital inputs is incorporated into the index of factor accumulation and therefore excluded from the measure of total factor productivity growth. As a result, the contribution of technical change to growth in Punjab's agriculture during the green revolution is probably underestimated. · The overstatement of the capital contribution during the green revolution is exacerbated by indivisibilities in capital inputs. · Productivity growth did not come from the adoption of modern varieties alone. Improved resource management and public investment in infrastructure also helped improve productivity. This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the determinants and impact of technology adoption and productivity growth in agriculture. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Productivity and Sustainability of Irrigated Systems in South Asia (RPO 680-34). The author may be contacted at rmurgaiworldbank.org
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  • 93
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    A Review of the Role and Impact of Export Processing Zones (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (114 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Madani, Dorsati A Review of the Role and Impact of Export Processing Zones
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Goods ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Imports ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investments ; Knowledge ; Labor ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Policy Instruments ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Revenue ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Technology ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Goods ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Issues ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Imports ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investments ; Knowledge ; Labor ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Policy Instruments ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Revenue ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Technology ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Unemployment ; Wages
    Abstract: As instruments for encouraging economic development, export processing zones have only limited usefulness. A better policy choice is general liberalization of a country's economy. - Traditional export processing zones are fenced-in industrial estates specializing in manufacturing for exports. Modern ones have more flexible rules, such as permitting more liberal domestic sales. They provide a free-trade and liberal regulatory environment for the firms involved. Their primary goals: to provide foreign exchange earnings by promoting nontraditional exports, to provide jobs and create income, and to attract foreign direct investment and attendant technology transfer and knowledge spillover. Domestic, international, or joint venture firms operating in export processing zones typically benefit from reduced red tape, flexible labor laws, generous long-term tax holidays and concessions, above-average communications services and infrastructure (and often subsidized utilities and rental rates), and unlimited duty-free imports of raw and intermediate inputs and capital goods needed for production. In this review of experience, Madani concludes that export processing zones have limited applications; the better policy choice is to liberalize a country's entire economy. Under certain conditions - including appropriate setup and good management - export processing zones can play a dynamic role in a country's development, but only as a transitional step in an integrated movement toward general liberalization of the economy (with revisions as national economic conditions change). The World Bank, writes Madani, should be cautious about supporting export processing zone projects, doing so only on a case-by-case basis, only with expert guidance, and only as part of a general reform package. It should not support isolated export processing zone projects in unreformed or postreform economies (in the last case they might encourage backsliding on trade policy). In general, if a policy is good for the economy as a whole, it is likely to be good for an export processing zone. Sound policy will encourage: · Sound, stable monetary and fiscal policies, clear private property and investment laws, and a business-friendly economic environment. · Moderate, simplified (but not overfriendly) corporate tax schedules, and generally liberal tariffs and other trade taxes. · Private development and management of export processing zones and their infrastructure and unsubsidized utilities. · Labor laws that are business-friendly but do not abuse workers' safety and labor rights. · A better understanding of the impact of industrial refuse on the quality of air, soil, water, and human health. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the impact of trade policy and trade policy tools on development. The author may be contacted at dmadaniworldbank.org
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  • 94
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    Designing Pro-Poor Water and Sewer Concessions : Early Lessons from Bolivia (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Komives, Kristin Designing Pro-Poor Water and Sewer Concessions
    Keywords: Concession Contracts ; Contract Objectives ; Cost Recovery ; Financial Incentives ; Industry ; Low-Income Households ; Private Companies ; Private Participation ; Public Utility ; Public Water ; Sanitation Service ; Sanitation Services ; Sanitation Solutions ; Service Providers ; Service Supplier ; Sewer Service ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Areas ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Utility Model ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Utilities ; Water and Industry ; Concession Contracts ; Contract Objectives ; Cost Recovery ; Financial Incentives ; Industry ; Low-Income Households ; Private Companies ; Private Participation ; Public Utility ; Public Water ; Sanitation Service ; Sanitation Services ; Sanitation Solutions ; Service Providers ; Service Supplier ; Sewer Service ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Areas ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Utility Model ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Utilities ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: To design pro-poor concession arrangements in the water sector, policymakers must pay careful attention to how the proposed contract, and existing or proposed regulations, will affect private concessionaires' ability, obligations, and financial incentives to serve low-income households. - The Bolivian government awarded a concession for water and sewer services in La Paz and El Alto in 1997. One goal of doing so was to expand in-house water and sewer service to low-income households. Komives uses the Aguas del Illimani case to explore how the design of typical concession agreements (with monopoly private service suppliers) can affect outcomes in poor neighborhoods. She finds that outcomes in services can be affected by the concession contracts, by the contract bid process, by sector regulations, and by regulatory arrangements. To increase the likelihood of improvements in low-income areas, policymakers should: · Make contract objectives clear and easily measurable. · Eliminate policy barriers to serving the poor (including property title requirements and service boundaries that exclude poor neighborhoods). · Design financial incentives consistent with service expansion or improved objectives for low-income areas. Contracts are subject to negotiation, so expansion or connection mandates alone do not guarantee that concessionaires will serve poor areas. Provisions and standards that reduce service options (for example, requirements that eliminate all alternatives to in-house connections) or restrict the emergence of new service providers (for example, granting exclusivity in the service area) could do more harm than good. In two years of operation, Aguas del Illimani met its first expansion mandate and took many steps to facilitate the expansion of in-house water connections in low-income areas. The company and the Bolivian water regulator were willing to discuss and seek possible solutions to problems associated with servicing poor neighborhoods. It is too early to tell whether these gains will be sustainable or to predict how privatization will ultimately affect poor households in La Paz and El Alto. This paper - a product of Private Participation in Infrastructure, Private Sector Development Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze and disseminate the principles of, and good practice for, improving service options for the poor through reforms for private participation in infrastructure. The author may be contacted at komivesemail.unc.edu
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  • 95
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    Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? : An Empirical Investigation (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Detragiache, Enrica Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability?
    Keywords: Asset Portfolio ; Asset Quality ; Bank Asset ; Bank Depos Banking Crises ; Banking Market ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Deposit Insurance ; Depositor ; Depositors ; Deposits ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Law and Development ; Liquidity ; Loan ; Monetary Fund ; Moral Hazard ; National Bank ; Private Sector Development ; Asset Portfolio ; Asset Quality ; Bank Asset ; Bank Depos Banking Crises ; Banking Market ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Deposit Insurance ; Depositor ; Depositors ; Deposits ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Law and Development ; Liquidity ; Loan ; Monetary Fund ; Moral Hazard ; National Bank ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability - the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. - Based on evidence for 61 countries in 1980-97, Demirgüç-Kunt and Detragiache find that explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability, the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. The adverse impact of deposit insurance on bank stability tends to be stronger the more extensive is the coverage offered to depositors, and where the scheme is funded and run by the government rather than the private sector. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study deposit insurance. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Deposit Insurance: Issues of Principle, Design, and Implementation (RPO 682-90). The authors may be contacted at ademirguckuntworldbank.org or edetragiache@imf.org
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  • 96
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    Will the Euro Create a Bonanza for Africa? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Cohen, Daniel Will the Euro Create a Bonanza for Africa?
    Keywords: Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Flows ; Country Risk ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Capital ; Domestic Capital Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Debt ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investments ; Global Markets ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; International Capital ; International Capital Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Portfolio ; Portfolio Diversification ; Private Sector Development ; Real Exchange Rate ; Reserve ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Flows ; Country Risk ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Capital ; Domestic Capital Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Debt ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investments ; Global Markets ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; International Capital ; International Capital Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Portfolio ; Portfolio Diversification ; Private Sector Development ; Real Exchange Rate ; Reserve
    Abstract: At this stage, it is difficult to conclude that the euro will have substantial macroeconomic impact on sub-Saharan Africa, unless launch of the euro becomes the tool of a major policy shift, such as the euroization of the continent - which is currently unlikely. - In considering how the euro will affect Sub-Saharan Africa, Cohen, Kristensen, and Verner examine the transmission channels through which the euro could affect economies in the region. They examine the risks and opportunities the euro presents for Sub-Saharan African countries. They especially examine the effects from the trade channel, through changes in European economic activity and the real exchange rate. Because of the relatively low income elasticity for primary commodities - which is what Sub-Saharan Africa mainly exports - an increase in activity in Europe is considered to have a marginal impact on Africa. Exchange rate regimes and geographical trade patterns point to large differences in exposure to changes in the real exchange rate. Capital flows to Sub-Saharan Africa can be affected through portfolio shifts or through changes in foreign direct investment. Changes in competitiveness in Europe are not expected to influence foreign direct investment, so the euro is not expected to affect foreign direct investment significantly. Portfolio diversification could increase greatly. But Sub-Saharan Africa is not expected to realize the increased potential from portfolio diversification because of its severely underdeveloped domestic capital markets. It is vitally important that Sub-Saharan African countries strengthen their financial integration into global markets. How the euro will affect such parts of the financial system as banks and debt and reserve management varies across countries. Generally the effect is expected to be limited. This paper - a product of Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study the effect of the euro on developing countries. The authors may be contacted at nkristensenworldbank.org or dverner@worldbank.org
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  • 97
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    Predicting Currency Fluctuations and Crises : Do Resident Firms Have an Informational Advantage? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schmukler, Sergio Predicting Currency Fluctuations and Crises
    Keywords: Asymmetric Information ; Balance Of Payments ; Balance Of Payments Crises ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rate Differentials ; International Cred International Financial Markets ; Investors ; Local Business ; Local Investors ; Mutual Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Sovereign Debt ; Asymmetric Information ; Balance Of Payments ; Balance Of Payments Crises ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rate Differentials ; International Cred International Financial Markets ; Investors ; Local Business ; Local Investors ; Mutual Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Sovereign Debt
    Abstract: December 1999 - Markets have had limited success predicting crises and might do better by drawing on private information available to resident enterprise managers, who seem to know better than markets about future movements in exchange rates. Kaufmann, Mehrez, and Schmukler investigate whether resident enterprise managers have an informational advantage about the countries in which they work. They propose a method for extracting information available to resident managers but unknown to investors and forecasters. They test their hypothesis of informational advantage using a unique data set, the Global Competitiveness Survey. The survey asks local managers about their outlook for the country in which they reside. They find that local managers do have useful private information. Local managers' responses improve on conventional forecasts of future volatility and changes in the exchange rate, which are based on economic fundamentals or interest rate differentials. They find that the local business community perceived in advance the recent crises in the Republic of Korea, Russia, and Thailand, but not those in Indonesia and Malaysia. Markets have had limited success predicting crises and might do better by drawing on private information available to resident enterprise managers, who seem to know better than markets about future movements in exchange rates. This paper - a product of Governance, Regulation, and Finance, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to understand the roles of transparency and governance. The authors may be contacted at dkaufmannworldbank.org, mehrezg@gunet.georgetown.edu, or sschmukler@worldbank.org
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  • 98
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    How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Reinikka, Ritva How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment
    Keywords: Bottlenecks ; Capital Stock ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Equipment ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; IRU ; Infrastructure ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Rate ; Investment Rates ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; M1 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Standard Errors ; Roads and Highways ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistics ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport ; Vdu ; Bottlenecks ; Capital Stock ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Equipment ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; IRU ; Infrastructure ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Rate ; Investment Rates ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; M1 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Standard Errors ; Roads and Highways ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistics ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport ; Vdu
    Abstract: Evidence from Uganda shows that poor public provision of infrastructure services - proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply - significantly reduces productive private investment. - Lack of private investment is a serious policy problem in many developing countries, especially in Africa. Despite recent structural reform and stabilization, the investment response to date has been mixed, even among the strongest reformers. The role of poor infrastructure and deficient public services has received little attention in the economic literature, where the effect of public spending and investment on growth is shown to be at best ambiguous. Reinikka and Svensson use unique microeconomic evidence to show the effects of poor infrastructure services on private investment in Uganda. They find that poor public capital, proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply, significantly reduces productive private investment. Firms can substitute for inadequate provision of public capital by investing in it themselves. This comes at a cost, however: the installation of less productive capital. These results have clear policy implications. Although macroeconomic reforms and stabilization are necessary conditions for sustained growth and private investment, without an accompanying improvement in the public sector's performance, the private supply response to macroeconomic policy reform is likely to remain limited. This paper - a product of Public Economics and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study public service delivery and economic growth. The authors may be contacted at rreinikkaworldbank.org or jsvensson@worldbank.org
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  • 99
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    The Buenos Aires Water Concession (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (72 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Alcázar, Lorena The Buenos Aires Water Concession
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Decision Making ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Information Asymmetries ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Interest ; Investment ; Marginal Cost ; Outcomes ; Perverse Incentives ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Regulation ; Revenues ; Supply ; Taking ; Tariffs ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water and Industry ; Welfare Effects ; Debt Markets ; Decision Making ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Information Asymmetries ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Interest ; Investment ; Marginal Cost ; Outcomes ; Perverse Incentives ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Regulation ; Revenues ; Supply ; Taking ; Tariffs ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water and Industry ; Welfare Effects
    Abstract: April 2000 - Transparent, rule-based decisionmaking is important to maintaining public trust in regulated infrastructure. The Buenos Aires water and sanitation concession led to remarkable improvements in delivery and coverage of services and to lower prices for consumers. But a poor information base, lack of transparency in regulatory decisions, and the ad hoc nature of executive branch interventions make it difficult to reassure consumers that their welfare is being protected and that the concession is sustainable. The signing of a concession contract for the Buenos Aires water and sanitation system in December 1992 attracted worldwide attention and caused considerable controversy in Argentina. It was one of the world's largest concessions, but the case was also interesting for other reasons. The concession was implemented rapidly, in contrast with slow implementation of privatization in Santiago, for example. And reform generated major improvements in the sector, including wider coverage, better service, more efficient company operations, and reduced waste. Moreover, the winning bid brought an immediate 26.9 percent reduction in water system tariffs. Consumers benefited from the system's expansion and from the immediate drop in real prices, which was only partly reversed by subsequent changes in tariffs and access charges. And these improvements would probably not have occurred under public administration of the system. Still, as Alcázar, Abdala, and Shirley show, information asymmetries, perverse incentives, and weak regulatory institutions could threaten the concession's sustainability. Opportunities for the company to act opportunistically - and the regulator, arbitrarily - exist because of politicized regulation, a poor information base, serious flaws in the concession contract, a lumpy and ad hoc tariff system, and a general lack of transparency in the regulatory process. Because of these circumstances, public confidence in the process has eroded. The Buenos Aires concession shows how important transparent, rule-based decisionmaking is to maintaining public trust in regulated infrastructure. This paper - a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze institutional issues in regulated infrastructure. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Institutions, Politics, and Contracts: Private Sector Participation in Urban Water Supply (RPO 681-87). Mary Shirley may be contacted at mshirleyworldbank.org
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  • 100
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    The Impact of Banking Crises on Money Demand and Price Stability (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (86 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Peria, Maria The Impact of Banking Crises on Money Demand and Price Stability
    Keywords: Central Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Demand For Money ; Deregulation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Government Bonds ; Inflation ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Labor Policies ; M2 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Monetary Policy ; Money ; Multipliers ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Stock ; Stock Prices ; T-Bills ; Variables ; Central Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Demand For Money ; Deregulation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Government Bonds ; Inflation ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Labor Policies ; M2 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Monetary Policy ; Money ; Multipliers ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Stock ; Stock Prices ; T-Bills ; Variables
    Abstract: March 2000 - Policymakers in countries undergoing banking crises should not worry about the structural stability of money demand functions; the behavior of money demand during crises can be modeled by the same function used during periods of tranquility. But policymakers should be aware that in some instances crises can give rise to variance instability in the price or inflation equations. Martinez Peria empirically investigates the monetary impact of banking crises in Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, and Uruguay. She uses cointegration analysis and error correction modeling to research: · Whether money demand stability is threatened by banking crises. · Whether crises bring about structural breaks in the relationship between monetary indicators and prices. Overall, she finds no systematic evidence that banking crises cause money demand instability. Nor do the results consistently support the notion that the relationship between monetary indicators and prices undergoes structural breaks during crises. However, although individual coefficients in price equations do not seem to be severely affected by crises, crises can sometimes give rise to variance instability in price or inflation equations. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study banking crises. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Monetary Policy and Monetary Indicators during Banking Crises (RPO 683-24). The author may be contacted at mmartinezperiaworldbank.org
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