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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3.686)
  • 2010-2014  (3.686)
  • 1945-1949
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3.686)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224186
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 489; In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: L’essai in vivo d’électrophorèse sur gel en conditions alcalines de cellules isolées, aussi appelé test des comètes est une méthode mesurant les cassures de brins d’ADN dans les cellules eucaryotes. Chaque groupe traité est composé au minimum de 5 animaux d’un même sexe (ou de chaque sexe si besoin est). On utilise également un groupe témoin positif et un groupe témoin négatif. Les animaux reçoivent un traitement quotidien sur une durée de 2 jours ou plus, permettant au produit chimique d’essai d’atteindre le tissu cible, celui-ci peut être le foie, le rein, ou tous autres tissus si cela est justifié. Les tissus à étudier sont disséqués et des suspensions de cellules/noyaux isolés sont préparées, puis incluses dans un gel d’Agarose pour être fixé sur des lames. Les cellules/noyaux sont traitées avec un tampon de lyse pour éliminer la membrane cellulaire et/ou nucléaire. L’ADN nucléaire dans l’agar est ensuite soumis à une électrophorèse à pH élevé produisant des structures ressemblant à des comètes qui, si l’on utilise les colorants fluorescents appropriés, peuvent être observées par microscopie à fluorescence. En fonction de leur taille les fragments d’ADN migrent de la tête vers la queue de la comète, et l’intensité de la queue de la comète relative à l’intensité totale (tête plus queue) reflète l’ampleur des cassures de l’ADN.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224162
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 239; Water-Sediment Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette ligne directrice vise à évaluer la toxicité des produits chimiques sur le développement des plantes aquatiques à racines (Myriophyllum spicatum) cultivées dans un système eau-sédiment. L’apex d’individus sains et sans fleur sont mis en pot dans un sédiment synthétique normalisé complété par des nutriments et soumis à au moins 5 concentrations différentes du produit chimique d’essai pendant une période de 14 jours. On utilise au minimum 6 réplicats pour les témoins et 4 réplicats pour chaque concentration d’essai. Les variables quantitatives mesurées sont la longueur de la tige et l’évolution du poids frais et sec, et les variables mesurées qualitatives sont la présence ou non de chlorose, et la nécrose ou les anomalies de croissance. On détermine le taux de croissance spécifique (r) et le rendement (y), qui sont ensuite utilisés pour obtenir la CxEr et la CxEy (x pouvant être par exemple 10, 20, 50). De plus, la concentration minimale avec effet observé (CMEO) et la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) peuvent être déterminées par calcul statistique.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264224513
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 310; Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in sealed vessels (Headspace Test)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice est une méthode de dépistage pour l'évaluation de la biodégradabilité facile de substance chimique. La substance d'essai, normalement à 20 mg C/L, représentant la seule source de carbone et d’énergie, est incubée (pendant 28 jours normalement) dans des bouteilles scellées, en aérobiose, contenant un milieu tampon composé de sels minéraux, dans lequel a été ensemencée une population mixte de micro-organismes. Afin de vérifier la procédure d'essais, une substance de référence (éthylèneglycol, benzoate de sodium ou aniline et 1-octanol), à la biodégradabilité connue, doit être testée en parallèle. On recommande d’analyser trois réplicats de flacon après un nombre suffisant d'intervalles de temps. De même, au moins cinq flacons (les flacons d'essai, les flacons témoins blanc, et les flacons avec la substance de référence) sont analysés à la fin de l'essai, afin de calculer les intervalles de confiance à 95% pour le pourcentage moyen de biodégradation. L'évolution de CO2 dégagé par la biodégradation aérobie finale de la substance d'essai est déterminée en mesurant l’excèdent de carbone inorganique (CI) produit dans les flacons d'essai par rapport à celui produit dans les flacons témoins blanc ne contenant que le milieu ensemencé. Le degré de biodégradation est exprimé en pourcentage de la production maximale théorique de CI (ThCI), basé sur la quantité de substance d'essai ajoutée au départ. Une biodégradation 〉60% de la ThCI, dans l’intervalle de 10 jours au cours de cet essai, démontre que la substance d'essai est facilement biodégradable en aérobiose.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220959
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document is a statement of policy set by the 1989 Council Decision-Recommendation on Compliance with Good Laboratory Practice [C(89)87(Final). It reiterates the decisions and the recommendations related to the role and responsibilities of governments, national GLP compliance monitoring authorities and inspectors set out in that Act and its Annexes and states current practices. The Working Group on GLP is of the opinion that, while the Council Act allows “outsourcing” of inspection functions, this should be the exception rather than the rule and should be used only as an interim solution and primarily by new GLP compliance monitoring programmes.
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224377
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 474; Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: L'essai de micronoyaux de mammifères est employé pour la détection des dommages induits par la substance d'essai aux chromosomes ou à l'appareil mitotique des érythroblastes, par l'analyse des érythrocytes prélevés dans la moelle et/ou les cellules du sang périphérique des animaux, habituellement des rongeurs (souris ou rats). Le but de l'essai de micronoyaux est d'identifier des substances (liquide ou solide) qui causent des lésions cyto-génétiques et des micronoyaux dans lesquels il reste des fragments de chromosomes ou des chromosomes entiers. Une augmentation de la fréquence des érythrocytes polychromatiques micronucléés chez les animaux traités est une indication des dommages chromosomiques induits. Les animaux sont exposés à la substance d'essai par une voie d’exposition appropriée (habituellement par gavage à l'aide d'une sonde gastrique ou d'une canule de tubage adaptée, ou par injection intrapéritonéale). La moelle et/ou les cellules sanguines sont rassemblées, préparées sur des lames et colorées. Les lames sont analysées pour détecter la présence de micronoyaux. Chacun des groupes traités et de contrôle doivent inclure au moins 5 animaux analysables par sexe. L'administration des traitements se compose d'une dose unique de la substance d'essai ou de deux doses quotidiennes (ou plus). La dose limite est 2000 mg/kg pc/j pour le traitement jusqu'à 14 jours, et 1000 mg/kg pc/j pour le traitement de plus de 14 jours.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264190832
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: In October 2014, the European Union (EU) set ambitious climate and energy targets for 2030, confirming its global leadership on climate change. But while the targets are in place, the legal framework to implement them is yet to be developed. Energy Policies of IEA Countries: European Union – 2014 provides recommendations on how the targets can be reached in a cost-effective and integrated way, while fostering the competitiveness and energy security of the European Union. The recommendations build on the lessons learned since the first IEA in-depth review of the European Union in 2008. Since then, EU energy policy has been driving energy market integration, cross-border trade and the implementation of energy and climate targets by 2020. The European Union is a global leader in transitioning towards a low-carbon economy: Europe’s unprecedented renewable energy boom, its action on energy efficiency and the economic downturn have all contributed to a drop in greenhouse gas emissions. However, energy security concerns have increased. Ageing nuclear and coal plants will be shut, and EU energy systems and markets must accommodate growing shares of variable renewable energy. The European Union seeks to foster access to diversified gas and oil supplies to reduce dependence on single suppliers. Making the most of its diversity, the European Union must strengthen the internal energy market to enhance both its energy security and the competitiveness of its industry. Yet, important interconnections are missing, and, despite the opening of the wholesale market and decreasing prices , concentrated and regulated retail markets do not deliver benefits to consumers. As member states adopt different decarbonisation pathways and energy policy choices, a strong “Energy Union” is needed with effective energy market rules and policies that support the development of low-carbon technologies, within the new energy and climate policy framework for 2030.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264226487
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) son factores decisivos para lograr un desarrollo social y económico sostenible. La OCDE hace recomendaciones de política basadas en evidencia acerca de la aportación de la CTI a las metas de crecimiento, empleo, sustentabilidad y bienestar de las naciones. Los países de Iberoamérica han estado trabajando de cerca con la OCDE sobre diversos aspectos de CTI y ahora, a propósito de la Reunión de Ministros y Altas Autoridades de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, a celebrarse el 27 y 28 de noviembre en la ciudad de Puebla, México, la Organización ha preparado el presente Informe Iberoamericano, que se deriva de su OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014. Su finalidad es informar a los responsables del diseño de políticas de CTI de la región, así como a representantes y analistas del sector empresarial, sobre los cambios recientes y próximos en los modelos mundiales de CTI. Asimismo, destaca las posibles implicaciones actuales y futuras de las políticas de CTI de los países a nivel tanto global como nacional.
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  • 8
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223202
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Indicateurs de croissance verte pour l'agriculture ; Évaluation préliminaire
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators for agriculture
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Landwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Kurzfassung: An integral component of any green growth strategy is a highly-reliable set of measurement tools and indicators that would enable policy makers to evaluate how effective policies are, and to gauge the progress being achieved in shifting economic activity onto a greener path. These tools and indicators, which will need to be based on internationally comparable data, must also be embedded in a conceptual framework and selected according to a clearly-specified set of criteria. This report is a first step towards developing a framework to monitor progress on green growth in the agricultural sector in OECD countries. The goal is to identify relevant, succinct and measurable statistics to implement the OECD Green Growth Strategy Measurement Framework which provides a common basis for further developing green growth indicators in the agricultural sector in OECD countries.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264217768
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Montserrat 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Montserrat ; Taxation ; Montserrat
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Montserrat. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 10
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measures of tax compliance outcomes
    Schlagwort(e): Steuermoral ; Messung ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: This study provides practical guidance to revenue bodies wishing to enhance and enrich their existing measures with timely measures of compliance outcomes. The study shares experiences of what has worked for revenue bodies, what challenges have been faced and how they might be overcome.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215610
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The size and sectoral distribution of SOEs in OECD and partner countries
    DDC: 332
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Betriebsgröße ; Betriebsgrößenstruktur ; Branche ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses a dataset detailing the size of national state-owned enterprise (SOE) sectors (by number, value and employment) and their composition by sector and corporate forms. The data relates to end-2012 and is based on questionnaire responses from government delegates to the OECD Working Party on State Ownership and Privatisation Practices. The authorities of 34 countries (of which 31 OECD member and three partner countries) contributed to the dataset.
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Employment and Skills Strategies in Australia focuses on the role of local employment and training agencies in contributing to job creation and productivity. It looks at the role of Local Employment Coordinators, introduced by the Department of Employment to work in 20 "priority employment areas" which were identified as needing extra assistance following the global financial crisis. This report is part of a comparative OECD review of local job creation policies, which explores how countries are putting measures in place at the local level to stimulate quality employment, social inclusion and growth.
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209688
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Plan d'action concernant l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Plan de acción contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Plano de ação para o combate à erosão da base tributária e à transferência de lucros
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Russian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Nationale Steuergesetze haben nicht mit der Entwicklung global agierender Unternehmen und Firmen Schritt gehalten. Schlupflöcher, die zwischen den einzelnen nationalstaatlichen Regimen entstehen, können somit von multinationalen Unternehmen dazu genutzt werden, ihre Abgaben durch trickreiche Steuergestaltung zu minimieren. Der OECD-Aktionsplan, der sich gegen die Erosion von Steuerbemessungsgrundlagen und die Gewinnverlagerung (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting - BEPS) richtet, benennt 15 Maßnahmen, durch die Regierungen in Zukunft verhindern können, dass internationale Firmen wenig oder gar keine Steuern zahlen.
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202054
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsversorgung ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Kurzfassung: Turkey underwent a very ambitious reform programme in 2003, the so-called "Health Transformation Programme". Access to healthcare in Turkey has greatly increased with the attainment of Universal Health Coverage, as also demonstrated by improvement in health outcomes, most notably around maternal and child health and infectious diseases. However, despite these significant achievements, Turkey has a significant way to travel to deliver high-quality health services to its population. Governance of the health system is highly centralised and typified by directive control from the Ministry of Health, and information collected in different part of the system is not always fully exploited. The OECD Review of Health Care Quality in Turkey recommends a number of changes to address these shortcomings. The key recommendations are that: i) Turkey needs to develop robust systems to standardise and monitor the quality of care, encourage continuous professional development and incorporate patient views; ii) some loosening of the governance structure would be welcome, to allow regions greater flexibility to assess and respond to local health needs and to continue to provide health workers with incentives for improve quality; iii) data on health sector activity and outcomes need to be made more available and more usable for individual patients and clinicians, while greater effort is needed to increase the robustness of Turkey’s information systems at national level and harmonise performance measures to OECD and other international comparators.
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216563
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Korea
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: With the rising economic importance of human resources and skills, employment and training agencies are now often expected to play a more important role in local strategies to support new creation, facilitate restructuring and increase productivity. The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed an international cross-comparative study examining the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment and enhancing productivity. In Korea, the review has looked at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies, focusing on local strategies in the Bucheon and Busan regions.
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208445
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hewlett, Emily Making mental health count
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Psychische Störung ; Untersuchung ; Soziale Kosten
    Kurzfassung: Despite the enormous burden that mental ill-health imposes on individuals, their families, society, health systems and the economy, mental health care remains a neglected area of health policy in too many countries. Mental disorders represent a considerable disease burden, and have a significant impact on the lives of the OECD population, and account for considerable direct and indirect costs. This report argues that even in those OECD countries with a long history of deinstitutionalisation, there is still a long way to go to make community-based mental health care that achieves good outcomes for people with severe mental illness a reality. The disproportionate focus on severe mental illness has meant that mild-to-moderate mental illnesses, which makes up the largest burden of disease, have remained overwhelmingly neglected. This book addresses the high cost of mental illness, weaknesses and innovative developments in the organisation of care, changes and future directions for the mental health workforce, the need to develop better indicators for mental health care and quality, and tools for better governance of the mental health system. The high burden of mental ill health and the accompanying costs in terms of reduced quality of life, loss of productivity, and premature mortality, mean that making mental health count for all OECD countries is a priority.
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Bericht ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Green Growth Strategy supports countries in fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. Policies that promote green growth need to be founded on a good understanding of the determinants of green growth and need to be supported with appropriate indicators to monitor progress and gauge results. This book updates the 2011 Towards Green Growth: Monitoring progress. It presents the OECD framework for monitoring progress towards green growth and a selection of updated indicators that illustrate the progress that OECD countries have made since the 1990s.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223288
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Increasing taxpayers' use of self-service channels
    Schlagwort(e): Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Building on prior work that resulted in the practical guide Managing Service Demand, this report explores the strategies revenue bodies can use to improve take-up of self-service channels in the context of a proposed future service experience for individuals, businesses and tax intermediaries.
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208469
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsversorgung ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Kurzfassung: This book presents a comprehensive review of health care quality in Norway. It finds that Norway has an impressive and comprehensive health system, which is the result of sustained commitment to providing health care for the whole Norwegian population, investment in the health system, and readiness to make changes to drive improvements. On most indicators Norway’s health system appears to be performing well, although there is some room for improvement. There have been a number of significant health care reforms in Norway over the last decade, most recently the Coordination Reform, which took effect in January 2012. Broadly this is a positive story, but challenges do lie ahead for Norway. Norway is putting in place measures to respond to these challenges, notably with the 2012 Coordination Reform, but still has some way to go before the fruits of such labour are truly felt across the health system. Norway’s ambitious reform agenda must now be balanced by structured efforts ‘on the ground’. Attention should now turn to putting in place appropriate data infrastructures, promoting meaningful engagement between key stakeholders, and by balancing a generous health budget that allows for important investments in developing new structures and services with attention to getting the most out of existing services.
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  • 20
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282107751
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.155
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: High-speed trains can compete successfully with road, air and conventional rail services on densely trafficked routes where willingness to pay is sufficient at the relatively elevated fare levels needed to cover costs. High-speed rail investments can also relieve congestion on the conventional rail network, and the capacity for high-speed rail to provide fast city centre to city centre services creates new possibilities for day-return business trips and short-stay leisure trips. The long cost recovery periods for high-speed lines imply government involvement in the financing of most investments. The high costs mean that governments can be exposed to accumulation of large debts, particularly if demand develops more slowly than expected. Where high-speed rail investments are designed to promote regional integration rather than meet commercial demand, significant subsidy from central and regional governments will be needed for the construction of infrastructure and possibly also for train operations. This report examines the key factors that drive the costs of high-speed rail investment and reviews the economic benefits delivered by high-speed rail services on the basis of experience in countries that have developed large high-speed rail networks.
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197138
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Effective Carbon Prices
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Les manuels d’économie prédisent que les taxes et les systèmes d’échange de permis d’émission sont les solutions les moins onéreuses pour permettre à la société de réduire ses émissions de CO2. Ce livre démontre que cette hypothèse se vérifie également en pratique. Il fournit des estimations sur les coûts pour la société de réduire les émissions de CO2 dans 15 pays, en utilisant une large panoplie d’instruments dans 5 secteurs générant le plus d’émissions : le secteur de production d’électricité, du transport routier, des pâtes & papier et du ciment, ainsi que de la consommation d’énergie des ménages. Il trouve de grandes variations dans le coût de réduction de chaque tonne de CO2 au sein de et entre les pays, ainsi qu’au sein des secteurs examinés et à travers différents types d’instruments politiques. Des approches axées sur le marché, tels que les taxes et les systèmes d’échange de permis ont systématiquement permis la réduction de CO2 à un moindre coût par rapport à d’autres instruments. Les subventions d’équipement et les tarifs d’achat figuraient, quant à eux, parmi les mesures les plus onéreuses de réduction d’émissions.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208988
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Jugendpolitik ; Bildungsinvestition ; Bildungspolitik ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Brasilien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Brazil
    Kurzfassung: This report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and education system in Brazil. It takes an international comparative perspective, offering policy options to help improve school-to-work transitions. It also provides an opportunity for other countries to learn from the innovative measures that Brazil has taken to strengthen the skills of youth and their employment outcomes.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264222823
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Serie: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport établit un état des lieux de la mise en œuvre des mesures pour l'emploi des seniors suite au rapport de 2003 "Vieillissement et politiques de l’emploi : Suisse" et identifie les champs prioritaires d’actions à mener ou à poursuivre. La Suisse se situe dans le peloton de tête des pays de l’OCDE pour ce qui concerne le taux d’emploi des personnes âgées. Pourtant, elle est parmi les champions uniquement pour les hommes de moins de 60 ans et pour les diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur tandis qu’il suffit d’avoir 60-64 ans, d’être une femme ou de ne pas avoir de diplôme de l’enseignement supérieur pour ne plus être parmi les meilleurs. Davantage pourrait donc être fait pour donner à tous les travailleurs de meilleurs choix et incitations pour continuer à travailler. Une stratégie d’ensemble est nécessaire pour qu’une meilleure gestion des âges soit menée dans les entreprises, le rôle des autorités publiques étant d’encourager les partenaires sociaux à investir plus dans les travailleurs âgés. Trois axes doivent être privilégiés : i) renforcer les incitations pour travailler plus longtemps ; ii) lever les obstacles au recrutement et au maintien dans l’emploi destravailleurs âgés ; et iii) améliorer l’employabilité des travailleurs.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Chile's supreme audit institution
    Schlagwort(e): Chile ; Governance ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: This review focuses on advancing the performance-management vision of the Comptroller General of the Republic of Chile (Contraloría General de la Republica, CGR) with a view to enhance the relevance and positive impact of its work on accountability and decision making within the public administration. The review explores how the CGR’s audit assignments could be adjusted to enhance the institution’s impact on good public governance, and how it could further leverage knowledge gathered through existing and new audit assignments to deliver additional value to its diverse range of stakeholders.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264217676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Chile 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Chile ; Taxation ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Chile. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Australien ; Development ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196322
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement ; Suisse 2013
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.604809177
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Schweiz ; Development ; Switzerland ; Bericht ; Schweiz ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the findings of the OECD Development Assistance Committee's reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts Switzerland for 2013. It examines the development co-operation policies and programmes and performance of Switzerland, and examines both policy and implementation. It takse an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200647
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Serie: tudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Serie: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Water and Climate Change Adaptation; Policies to Navigate Uncharted Waters
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: L’eau est le principal vecteur par lequel les effets du changement climatique se feront sentir, et la clé de la réussite des stratégies d’adaptation. Ce rapport propose des orientations aux responsables de l’action gouvernementale pour les aider à élaborer des mesures davantage en phase avec les priorités, répondant mieux aux besoins du moment, plus efficientes et plus équitables. Il décrit une approche de l’adaptation au changement climatique fondée sur les risques et promouvant la sécurité de l’eau. Il détaille également les principales tendances et présente les pratiques optimales mises en lumière par l’enquête sur les politiques relatives à l’eau et à l’adaptation au changement climatique, que l’OCDE a menée auprès de ses 34 pays membres et de la Commission européenne. Cette enquête est la première de ce type à analyser de façon systématique les enjeux du changement climatique pour les ressources en eau douce et les nouvelles réponses qu’y apportent les pouvoirs publics dans les pays de l’OCDE. Pour finir, le rapport évalue comment améliorer les incitations à gérer les risques liés à l’eau et comment rendre plus flexibles les politiques de l’eau et les stratégies de financement.
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Schlagwort(e): Hafen ; Stadtökonomik ; Stadt ; Standortwettbewerb ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Bericht ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Hafenstadt ; Standortfaktor ; Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Ports and cities are historically strongly linked, but the link between port and city growth has become weaker. Economic benefits often spill over to other regions, whereas negative impacts are localised in the port-city. How can ports regain their role as drivers of urban economic growth and how can negative port impacts be mitigated? Those are the questions that this report aims to answer.
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205192
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Serie: Santé mentale et emploi
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mental Health and Work; Switzerland
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Psychische Gesundheit und Beschäftigung; Schweiz
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, la gestion des problèmes de santé mentale dans la population d’âge actif devient un enjeu essentiel pour les politiques sociales et du marché du travail. Les gouvernements de ces pays sont de plus en plus nombreux à reconnaître que les pouvoirs publics ont un rôle important à jouer pour maintenir au travail les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux ou pour faciliter la réintégration de celles qui sont sorties du marché de l’emploi, ainsi que pour prévenir l’apparition de ce type de troubles. Ce rapport relatif à la Suisse est le cinquième d’une série de travaux analysant l’approche adoptée par différents pays de l’OCDE face aux défis plus larges, décrits dans la publication Mal-être au travail ? Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l’emploi (OCDE, 2012), auxquels sont confrontés les pouvoirs publics en matière d’éducation, de santé, de politique sociale et d’emploi.
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209541
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Government at a Glance 2013
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Panorama des administrations publiques 2013
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas 2013
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Government at a Glance 2013; (Korean version)
    DDC: 351
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Regierung und Verwaltung auf einen Blick 2013 enthält eine Reihe wichtiger Indikatoren für die Analyse und den internationalen Vergleich der Leistung des öffentlichen Sektors. Neben Indikatoren zu Staatseinnahmen, Staatsausgaben und Beschäftigung werden dabei auch wichtige Daten zu Ergebnissen und Wirkungen in den Bereichen Bildung und Gesundheitsversorgung vorgestellt. Regierung und Verwaltung auf einen Blick enthält außerdem Indikatoren zu entscheidenden Fragen der Staats- und Regierungsführung und der öffentlichen Verwaltung, z.B. zu transparenter Governance, Regulierungsrahmen, neuen Methoden der öffentlichen Dienstleistungserbringung sowie Personal- und Vergütungspolitik im öffentlichen Dienst. Die Messung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Staats gilt zwar schon seit langem als wichtige Voraussetzung für die Steigerung der Effektivität und Effizienz der öffentlichen Verwaltung, angesichts der Folgen der Wirtschaftskrise und der in vielen Ländern vorgenommenen Straffung der Fiskalpolitik sind die staatlichen Instanzen heute jedoch mehr denn je auf verlässliche Indikatoren angewiesen, um schwere Entscheidungen in voller Kenntnis der Sachlage treffen zu können und das Vertrauen in die staatlichen Institutionen wiederherzustellen.
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203389
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Mexico has made several efforts to design and implement a regulatory improvement policy over the past several years. The institutions involved in the better regulation policy have played a key role in enhancing regulatory quality. This includes the Federal Regulatory Improvement Commission (COFEMER), the Ministry of Economy, and the Ministry of Public Administration. Mexico now has two decades of experience in the application of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). Over this period, it has continued to expand the scope of RIA, to refine and improve the specific requirements and to invest substantial resources in implementation. Recently, Mexico has adopted the internationally recognised Standard Cost Model, which has brought a renewed impetus across the federal government to reduce administrative burdens generated by formalities. There is also a thriving multi-level regulatory governance programme. As a result, Mexico is currently at a stage where positive results are being obtained. However, this is not the time to slow down; instead, further work should be fostered to step up to a new phase of regulatory quality which embeds an effective and profound regulatory improvement culture across the federal government.
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225114
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.914170172405
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Irland ; Development ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. This peer review of Ireland reviews its development policies and programmes. It assesses not just the performance of its development co-operation agency, but also policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213524
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measurement and reduction of administrative burdens in Greece
    Schlagwort(e): Bürokratie ; Befolgungskosten ; Verwaltungsreform ; Griechenland ; Governance ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Verwaltungsreform ; Folgekosten ; Bürokratie
    Kurzfassung: This report summarises the results of the joint project of the Greek Ministry of Administrative Reform and e-Government and the OECD on measuring and reducing administrative burdens in 13 key sectors of the Greek economy.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264222854
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Belize 2014
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Belize ; Taxation ; Belize
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Belize. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223257
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Working smarter in tax debt management
    Schlagwort(e): Steuereinnahmen ; Finanzverwaltung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Many revenue bodies have been developing strategies and approaches to improve the tax collection and recovery processes, so that they are more effective and cost less. Very promising and proven new practices have emerged, which can deliver spectacular improvements in performance in tax collection and recovery. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the best practices in tax debt management, with a particular emphasis on how to better differentiate debtors when deciding how to best secure payment and what can be done to ensure that payment issues are considered earlier in the compliance and collection process.
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223301
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Serie: Mental Health and Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Kurzfassung: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on the Netherlands is the seventh in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202948 , 9789264219946
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Austria 2013
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Austria
    Kurzfassung: Le programme d’examens environnementaux de l'OCDE propose des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays eu égard à leurs engagements nationaux et internationaux en matière d’environnement, ainsi que des recommandations orientées vers l’action des pouvoirs publics. Ces examens ont pour objectif de promouvoir l’apprentissage entre pairs, d’encourager les pays à rendre compte de leur action aux autres pays et à leur opinion publique, ainsi que d’améliorer les performances environnementales des gouvernements, individuellement et collectivement. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux couvre la totalité des pays membres de l'OCDE ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental de l’Autriche. Il évalue les progrès vers le développement durable et la croissance verte et met l'accent sur la gestion des produits chimiques ainsi que sur l’adaptation au changement climatique.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220522
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Cost of Air Pollution; Health Impacts of Road Transport
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: La pollution de l’air extérieur tue plus de trois millions de personnes dans le monde chaque année, et elle est à l’origine de problèmes de santé, allant de l’asthme aux maladies cardiovasculaires chez un plus grand nombre de personnes encore. Pour les pays de l’OCDE ainsi que pour la Chine et l’Inde, le coût de ces impacts est estimé à 3 500 milliards USD par an en termes de mortalité et de morbidité, et la tendance est à la hausse. En se basant sur les nouvelles données épidémiologiques depuis l’étude de l’OMS sur la charge mondiale de morbidité en 2010, ainsi que sur les estimations de l’OCDE sur la valeur d’une vie statistique, ce rapport démontre que les impacts sanitaires de la pollution de l’air sont approximativement quatre fois plus élevés, et leurs coûts économiques considérablement plus importants, que les évaluations précédentes.
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174825
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Financial education for youth
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzwissen ; Schule ; Schüler ; Unterricht ; Jugendliche ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Schüler ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Bildung ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: The importance of financial literacy and specifically the need to promote financial education has been recognised as an important contributor to improved financial inclusion and individuals’ financial well-being as well as a support to financial stability. The relevance of financial education policies is acknowledged at the highest global policy level: in 2012, G20 Leaders endorsed the OECD/INFE High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial Education that specifically identify youth as one of the priority targets of government policies in this domain. That same year, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers of Finance identified financial literacy as a critical life skill. The publication addresses the challenges linked to the introduction of financial education in schools, and provides practical guidance and case studies to assist policy makers, and a comparative analysis of existing learning frameworks for financial education in the formal school system.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264217751
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Mexico 2014
    DDC: 338.979843009047
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Mexiko ; Taxation ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Mexico. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223981
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. How's Life in Your Region?; Measuring Regional and Local Well-being for Policy Making
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Comment va la vie? La réponse peut dépendre selon la région où vous vivez. De nombreux facteurs qui influent sur le bien-être des personnes entrent en jeu au niveau local, par exemple : l’emploi, l’accès aux services de santé, la pollution et la sécurité publique. Les politiques publiques qui tiennent compte des réalités économiques et sociales dans lesquelles les personnes vivent et travaillent peuvent avoir un impact plus important sur l’amélioration du bien-être pour l’ensemble du pays. Ce rapport dresse un tableau complet du bien-être dans 362 régions de l’OCDE à travers un examen des aspects les plus importants qui déterminent la vie des personnes : l’emploi, le revenu, le logement, la santé, l’accès aux services, l’environnement, la sécurité et l’engagement civique. Le rapport souligne que les disparités en matière de conditions matérielles et de qualité de vie sont souvent plus importantes entre régions d’un même pays qu’entre pays différents. Alors qu’en moyenne les gens sont plus riches, vivent plus longtemps et bénéficient d’une meilleure qualité de l’air qu’il y a quinze ans, de nombreux pays de l’OCDE ont vu s’accentuer l'écart entre leurs régions les plus performantes et les moins performantes. Le rapport offre un cadre commun pour mesurer le bien-être au niveau régional ainsi que des lignes directrices pour aider tous les niveaux de gouvernement à utiliser les mesures du bien-être afin de mieux cibler les politiques publiques sur les besoins spécifiques de chaque communauté. Le rapport s’appuie sur une grande diversité d’expériences pratiques de régions et villes de l’OCDE.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264206342
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Serie: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews; France 2013; Combined; Phase 1 Phase 2, incorporating Phase 2 ratings
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; France
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale de la France.
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264206090
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (388 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD competition assessment reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Wettbewerb ; Griechenland ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: The work undertaken by the Greek authorities in recent years to reinforce competition law and the Hellenic Competition Commission, to simplify business administration and to liberalise professional services have demonstrated the political willingness to address the problem of existing regulatory barriers to competition that have contributed to holding back the economic recovery. The OECD Competition Assessment Project, through the scrutiny of legislation in four sectors of the Greek economy, food processing, retail trade, building materials and tourism, has identified 336 areas where particular reform can be undertaken, from a total of 539 provisions that were selected using the OECD Competition Assessment Toolkit. If our recommendations are implemented, benefits to consumers in Greece and to the Greek economy should arise in all four sectors. Throughout this report, we seek to identify the sources of those benefits and where possible provide quantitative estimates. Estimates are made on the basis of experiences of deregulation in other countries in some instances, or by relating conservative estimates of efficiency gains to the overall size of the business activity affected.
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264219236
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Serie: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Instructions relatives à la documentation des prix de transfert et aux déclarations pays par pays
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Leitlinien zur Verrechnungspreisdokumentation und länderbezogenen Berichterstattung
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Documentation and Country-by-Country Reporting; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Documentation and Country-by-Country Reporting; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Guidance on transfer pricing documentation and country-by-country reporting
    Schlagwort(e): Verrechnungspreis ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: This document contains revised standards for transfer pricing documentation and a template for country-by-country reporting of revenues, profits, taxes paid and certain measures of economic activity. These new reporting provisions, and the transparency they will encourage, will contribute to the objective of understanding, controlling, and tackling BEPS behaviours. Countries participating in the BEPS project will carefully review the implementation of these new standards and will reassess no later than the end of 2020 whether modifications should be made to require reporting of additional or different data. Effective implementation of the new reporting standards and reporting rules will be essential. Additional work will be undertaken to identify the most appropriate means of filing the required information with and disseminating it to tax administrations.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225268
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Serie: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: Ce livrable fournit des recommandations en vue de l’adoption, au niveau national, de règles destinées à neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides ainsi que des propositions de modifications à apporter au Modèle de convention fiscale de l’OCDE pour combattre ces mécanismes. Une fois transposées dans la législation nationale, les recommandations énoncées dans la Partie 1 du livrable permettront de neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides internationaux aboutissant à de multiples déductions au titre d’une seule dépense ou à une déduction dans un pays ou territoire non contrebalancée par une imposition équivalente dans un autre pays ou territoire. La Partie 1 sera complétée par des commentaires visant à expliquer les règles préconisées et à en illustrer l’application à l’aide d’exemples concrets. La Partie 2 présente des propositions de modifications du Modèle de convention destinées à garantir que les avantages prévus par des conventions fiscales ne sont accordés à des entités hybrides (y compris aux entités ayant la double résidence) que lorsque les circonstances s’y prêtent. Sont également examinées dans la Partie 2 les interactions entre les modifications du Modèle de convention fiscale et les recommandations relatives aux règles devant figurer dans les législations nationales énoncées dans la Partie 1.
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  • 47
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213951
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Italy
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Italien ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Italien ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandspolitik
    Kurzfassung: This review underlines some important points of strength with respect to Italian SMEs and entrepreneurship, notably for medium-sized firms that very often excel in their market niches, have a strong propensity to business collaboration, as well as favourable access to finance. The review also looks at the challenges that lie ahead for Italy, hard hit by the global economic crisis, notably among micro and small firms. Recovery will mean, among other things, removing barriers to business growth, streamlining the complexity of the Italian tax system, and opening the business environment to competition, foreign direct investment and equity financing, as well as improving training and workforce skills.
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  • 48
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181243
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Ce livre fournit l’ensemble des indicateurs agro-environnementaux les plus récents et les plus complets concernant les 34 pays membres de l’OCDE sur la période 1990-2010. Il s’appuie sur les travaux conduits pendant vingt ans par l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Ces indicateurs ont pour objet de décrire l’état actuel de l’environnement dans l’agriculture et sa tendance ; de mettre en évidence les lieux où des situations critiques sont en train d’apparaître ; de comparer l’évolution des performances entre périodes et entre pays ; et de fournir un ensemble d’indicateurs et une base de données pour suivre et évaluer l’action publique, projeter les tendances futures et concevoir des indicateurs de croissance verte.
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215962
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Serie: Better Policies
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: This book provides an overview of the key challenges faced by China and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of China, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264217799
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis 2014
    DDC: 336.20091724
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; St. Kitts und Nevis ; Taxation ; Saint Kitts and Nevis
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 51
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216006
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Serie: Better Policies
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: This book provides an overview of the key challenges currently faced in Germany and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of Germany, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282107720
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.154
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Grands projets d'infrastructures de transport et développement économique
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This report discusses the state of the art in understanding the economic effects of major transport infrastructure projects. It examines the limits of socio-economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and reviews the development of complementary and alternative approaches to assessing the benefits of investment in large, transformative projects. In particular, his report focuses on practical appraisal tools developed for assessment of the Grand Paris super-metro and London’s Crossrail project.
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207912
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Ireland
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Irland ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: Employment and Skills Strategies in Ireland focuses on the role of local employment and training agencies in contributing to job creation and productivity. This report looks at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies, focusing on local activities in the Dublin and South East regions. It can help national, regional and local policy makers in Ireland build effective and sustainable partnerships at the local level, which join-up efforts and achieve stronger outcomes across employment, training, and economic development policies. The report is part of a comparative OECD review of local job creation policies, which explores how countries are putting measures in place at the local level to stimulate quality employment, social inclusion and growth.
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264217027
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Cette publication présente de nouvelles illustrations de l’influence des migrations internationales en Europe et dans quelques autres pays de l’OCDE sur la population active ; sur les niveaux d’éducation ; et sur l’évolution de la distribution des professions au cours de la dernière décennie. Elle analyse les compétences dont disposent les migrants et la façon dont elles sont utilisées sur la base d’une revue approfondie de la littérature ; et présente de nouvelles analyses des données européennes et américaines , canadiennes et de l’OCDE en général en se basant sur les données de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes – PIAAC. Enfin, plusieurs chapitres discutent du rôle que les migrations internationales pourraient jouer pour répondre aux besoins de main-d’oeuvre présents et futurs en Europe, aux États-Unis et dans l’Union européenne. Ces travaux montrent que si les migrations peuvent contribuer de façon importante à l’accroissement de la population active, leur capacité à contrer les effets du vieillissement de la population dépendront de la capacité des pays à mettre en adéquation les besoins en main-d’oeuvre avec les caractéristiques des migrants. Dans ce domaine, des efforts doivent être réalisés pour mieux utiliser les compétences des migrants et adapter les systèmes de gestion des migrations de travail aux besoins des employeurs.
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196216
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews; France 2013
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; France
    Kurzfassung: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE procède à des examens périodiques des efforts individuels de coopération au développement des membres du CAD. Les politiques et les programmes de chacun des membres font l’objet d’un examen critique une fois tous les cinq ans. Les examens par les pairs évaluent la performance du membre considéré, non pas seulement celle de son organisme de coopération pour le développement, et examinent les aspects ayant trait tant à la définition de la politique qu’à sa mise en œuvre. Ils couvrent dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire du membre soumis à examen en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier.
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/11
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a new set of estimates of exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter - PM2.5) at the city, regional and national levels for the 34 OECD countries, and at the regional and national levels for Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. The estimates are developed by the computation of satellite-based observations. They have the advantage of providing consistent values of the magnitude and spatial distribution of air pollution to be compared across and within countries and over time. The paper also explores the association between shape of cities (population density, share of built-up area, extension of the hinterlands, etc.) and air pollution. The estimates of air pollution at (TL2) regional level have been used in the newly released OECD Regional Well-Being Database as a measure of the environmental dimension.
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  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.162
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Means-tested Social Assistance (SA) benefits play an important role as social protection floors sup-porting households in financial difficulties. This paper presents evidence on the patterns of SA benefit re-ceipt in a selection of OECD and EU countries. It provides an overview of the role of SA benefits in social protection systems and assesses the generosity of benefit payments. It then studies the dynamics of SA benefit receipt based on micro-level data describing trends in aggregate receipt and transition rates and presenting new evidence on spell durations and repeat spells. The final part of the paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on state dependence (or ‘scarring effects’) in benefit receipt and discusses its possible sources and policy implications.
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1174
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for European Union (EU) countries. These elasticities are used by the European Commission, as part of the EU fiscal surveillance process, to calculate the semi-elasticity of the budget balance as a percentage of GDP with respect to the output gap. The study updates the earlier 2005 study of OECD economies using the most recent datasets and tax codes, the coverage being confined in this paper to the 28 EU member states, seven of which are not OECD members. The same basic two-step methodology is retained: revenue and expenditure elasticities with respect to the output gap being defined as the product of, first, the elasticities of individual revenue and expenditure items with respect to their bases and, second, the elasticities of these bases with respect to the output gap. A number of refinements and methodological improvements are made relative to the 2005 study. The revisions to individual elasticities relative to the 2005 vintage are significant in a number of cases but do not follow a clear pattern across countries, except for the elasticities of corporate income tax revenue which are revised up in most cases.
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  • 59
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1179
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the impact of changes in the stringency of environmental policies on productivity growth in OECD countries. Using a new environmental policy stringency (EPS) index, it estimates a reduced-form model of multi-factor productivity growth, where the effect of countries' environmental policies varies with pollution intensity of the industry and technological advancement. A multi-layer analysis provides insights at the aggregate economy, the industry and the firm level. At the aggregate economy level, a negative effect on productivity growth is found one year ahead of the policy change. This negative “announcement effect” is offset within three years after the implementation. At the industry level, a tightening of environmental policy is associated with a short-term increase in industry-level productivity growth, for the most technologically advanced country-industry pairs. This effect diminishes with the distance to the global productivity frontier, becoming insignificant at larger distances. At the firm level, only the technologically most advanced firms show a positive effect on productivity growth from a tightening of environmental policies, while a third of firms, the less productive ones, experience a productivity slowdown.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.3
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Personal behaviour and choices in daily life, from what we eat to how we get to work or heat our homes, have a significant – and growing – effect on the environment. But why are some households greener than others? And what factors motivate green household choices? Answering these questions is vital for helping governments design and target policies that promote “greener” behaviour. The OECD’s Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) survey is designed to do just that. This large-scale household survey explores what drives household environmental behaviour and how policies may affect household decisions. It focuses on five areas in which households have significant environmental impact: energy, food, transport, waste and water. This policy paper is based on the second round of the EPIC survey, carried out in 2011 (the first was in 2008). The survey collected information from more than 12 000 households in Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224605
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (330 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kazakhstan
    Schlagwort(e): Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Verwaltungsreform ; Kasachstan ; Governance ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Verwaltungsreform
    Kurzfassung: This review examines the functioning, structure and organisation of the central government and line ministries in Kazakhstan, as well as their capacities to implement national objectives and priorities, outlined in the Kazakhstan’s Vision 2050. It also focuses on tools, strategic management and accountability frameworks in the Government of Kazakhstan, in line with the strategic management principles outlined in the General Approaches to Modernization of Public Administration of Kazakhstan by 2020.
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  • 62
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085497
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.97
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Increasing incidents of disorders such as obesity/diabetes/metabolic syndrome, reproductive dysfunction, and neuro-developmental abnormalities in some human populations have raised concern that disruption of key endocrine-signaling pathways by exposure to environmental chemicals may be involved. This Detailed Review Paper describes some endocrine pathways that have been shown to be susceptible to environmental endocrine disruption and whose disruption could contribute to increasing incidents of some disorders in humans and wildlife populations.
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  • 63
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282107706
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.156
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Valuing Convenience in Public Transport
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: L’expérience de l’usager, en termes de fiabilité, de confort et surtout de commodité d’usage est un aspect essentiel pour déterminer la demande de services de transports publics, tout au moins là où un choix d’alternatives existe. Le succès pour le moins des politiques pour attirer les usagers urbains de la voiture particulière vers les transports publics repose dans une large mesure sur la commodité d’usage de ces derniers. Les méthodes actuelles d’évaluation dans le domaine des transports tendent cependant à se focaliser sur la vitesse et le prix des services, sous-évaluant ou négligeant la commodité d’usage. Ceci fausse les décisions en matière d’investissements et de planification. Ce rapport vise à faciliter une prise en compte plus systématique de la commodité d’usage dans la planification et la pratique des politiques de transport. Il analyse les définitions opérationnelles de la commodité d’usage et rassemble des informations sur la disposition à payer à cet égard et sur l’utilisation d’indicateurs pour apprécier et améliorer la commodité d’usage des transports publics.
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205086
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Esenciales OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Cerca de 190 millones de personas en el mundo viven fuera de su país natal. Estos migrantes aportan energía, espíritu empresarial e ideas frescas a nuestras sociedades. Pero el asunto tiene desventajas: jóvenes migrantes que fracasan en el ámbito educativo, adultos que no encuentran empleo y, por supuesto, la migración irregular. Estos retos pueden hacer que la migración se convierta en un pararrayos político y en tema de un acalorado debate. A partir de los conocimientos especializados de la OCDE, singulares en este terreno, en la presente obra se avanza más allá de la retórica para analizar las realidades de la migración internacional en nuestros días: ¿de dónde provienen y a dónde van los migrantes?, ¿cómo gestionan la migración los gobiernos?, ¿cuán bueno es el desempeño de los migrantes en la educación y en la fuerza de trabajo? y ¿ayuda —u obstaculiza— la migración a los países en desarrollo?
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264798458
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Panama
    Kurzfassung: This publication contains the Supplementary Phase 1 Peer Review Report for Panama.
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264561014
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Serie: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.77
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Global Harmonised Submission Transport Standard (GHSTS) is a standardised set of technical specifications for assembling electronic files for pesticide registration in a predefined manner. Once assembled according to the GHSTS, the dossier files can be transferred from a business to a regulatory authority and can be used in a regulatory process. GHSTS version 2.0, published in 2019, supports use for other regulated products as well as the pesticides domain and includes improvements in the lifecycle management of documents over a series of submissions for one pesticide (or other) regulatory action. This GHSTS format specification document describes the Standard on both a conceptual and a technical level.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264964839
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Botswana
    Kurzfassung: This publication contains the Supplementary Phase 1 Peer Review Report for Botswana.
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264217416
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (172 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: How's life? The answer can depend on the region in which you live. Many factors that influence people's well-being are local issues, such as employment, access to health services, pollution and security. Policies that take into account regional differences beyond national averages can therefore have a greater impact on improving well-being for the country as a whole. This report presents the OECD analytical framework for measuring well-being at the regional level, as well as internationally comparable indicators on 9 well-being dimensions for 362 regions across 34 OECD countries. It also sets out guidance for all levels of government in using well-being measures to better target policies at the specific needs of different communities. Drawing on a variety of practical experiences from OECD regions and cities, the report discusses methodological and political solutions for selecting regional well-being outcome indicators, monitoring the progress of regional well-being performance over time, and implementing a process of multi-stakeholder engagement to promote social change
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196339
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews; Switzerland 2013
    DDC: 338.9
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Switzerland ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Cette examen évalue les politiques et les programmes d’aide au développement de la Suisse pour les dernières cinq années. Il couvre dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier.
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  • 70
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216143
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Serie: TALIS
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. A Teachers' Guide to TALIS 2013; Teaching and Learning International Survey
    DDC: 370
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: L’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (TALIS) de l’OCDE est une enquête internationale à grande échelle portant sur les conditions de travail des enseignants et l’environnement d’apprentissage dans leurs établissements. Le Guide TALIS à l’intention des enseignants aide les enseignants et les chefs d’établissements à comprendre les résultats de l’enquête, tout en leur suggérant des possibilités de mesures pour améliorer l’enseignement et l’apprentissage au sein de leurs établissements.
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221031
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.26
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The scope of this Emissions Scenario Document includes the blending of fine and functional fragrance oils into consumer and commercial products. The manufacture of aroma chemicals and the formulation of fragrance oil are outside the scope of this scenario. However, these industrial operations are discussed in this section as an introduction to the fragrance industry as a whole. The following life-cycle diagram demonstrates the applicability of this scenario.
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221079
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.24
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources and release pathways of chemicals during their transport and storage in a wide range of industries, to help estimate releases of chemicals into the environment. This ESD covers the transport and storage of chemicals either as pure chemicals or as components of finished products. However, it does not consider the following: mixed waste streams, radioactive substances, biological and infectious materials and foodstuffs.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221239
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.4
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the treatment of water in a number of areas to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221161
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. The document presents standard approaches for estimating environmental releases of and occupational exposures to additives and components used in photoresist formulations.
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  • 75
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221178
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, production processes, pathways and use patterns of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221185
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.7
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in textile finishing industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215665
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Energy efficiency is widely recognised as the most cost-effective and readily available means to address numerous energy-related issues, including energy security, the social and economic impacts of high energy prices, and concerns about climate change. At the same time, energy efficiency increases competitiveness and promotes consumer welfare. In this context, it is important to develop and maintain well-founded indicators to better inform policy making and help decision makers formulate policies that are best suited to domestic and/or international objectives. This publication enables energy analysts and policy makers to identify priority areas for the development of energy efficiency indicators, define which sector(s) offer the greatest potential to further improve energy efficiency, select the data and indicators that best support policy development in these sectors, and develop a strategy to advance policy development through the improved use of indicators to track progress of energy efficiency policies.
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  • 78
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221093
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.22
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the coatings industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes), to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 79
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221116
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.20
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the adhesive formulation industry. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to additives and components used in adhesive formulations. These approaches are intended to provide conservative, screening-level estimates resulting in release and exposure amounts that are likely to be higher, or at least higher than average, than amounts that might actually occur in the real world setting.
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221147
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (59 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.11
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in automotive refinishing industry. The information can be used to estimate releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 81
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221154
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (119 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.10
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in lubricants to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 82
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085831
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (99 p.)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.80
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This guidance document is part of the OECD effort to provide guidance for assessing the hazards of chemical substances while gaining efficiencies and improving animal welfare. The approach described in this guidance document is to consider closely related chemicals as a group, or category, rather than as individual chemicals. In the category approach, not every chemical needs to be tested for every endpoint. Rather, the overall data for that category must prove adequate to support a hazard assessment. The overall data set must allow the estimation of the hazard for the untested endpoints.
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220997
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.27
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the radiation curable products industry, specifically during application of radiation curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. The document focuses primarily on ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable products and presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to components and additives used in radiation curable products.
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  • 84
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221130
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.12
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the finishing of metals, to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220980
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.28
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document provides information on the sources, use patterns and potential release pathways of chemicals used in metalworking fluids. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposure to chemicals ussed in metalworking fluids.
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221772
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Serie: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.71
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Best Practices Guidance addresses compliance and enforcement issues as they relate to pesticides and associated health and environmental risks. The objective of this document is to provide guidance for promoting and monitoring compliance and for assessing and mitigating risks of non-compliance. It is targeted primarily at pesticide regulators, but may also interest policy makers as well as regulated parties (i.e. pesticide industry). This document addresses the following areas of the pesticide life-cycle: manufacturing and product integrity; distribution (including transportation and sale); product use; product storage; and container recycling and disposal.
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.6
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in rubber industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221321
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.2
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Emission Scenario Document (ESD) presents an approach to estimate the emissions of substances used in wood preservatives (EU Product Type 8) from two stages of their life cycle: 1) application (industrial applications / in situ applications by professionals and amateurs) and storage of treated wood prior to shipment, and 2) treated wood-in service.
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221109
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.21
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the radiation curable products industry, specifically during formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. The document focuses primarily on ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable products and presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to components and additives used in radiation curable products.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221222
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Serie: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.5
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in photographic industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264211759
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Serie: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This How2Guide for Wind Energy (Wind H2G) is designed to provide interested stakeholders from both government and industry with the necessary tools to plan and implement a roadmap for wind energy technology at the national or regional level.
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200630
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Energieeinsparung ; Energieforschung ; Welt ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Energy Policy Highlights showcases what the 28 IEA member countries identified as key recent developments in their energy policies. Each country contribution covers a range of energy-related topics, with best practices and policy examples from their respective governments, including objectives, characteristics, challenges and successes, and shared lessons. Each contribution underscores the changing nature of both global and domestic energy challenges, as well as the commonality of energy concerns among member countries. For example, many of the policies highlighted identify an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a clear objective. Electricity, enhancing energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix in a cost effective manner are likewise areas of common focus. Overall, the energy concerns reflect key areas of focus for the IEA – energy security, environmental protection and economic development. On the end-user side, increasing public awareness of domestic energy policies through improved transparency and engagement is an important facet of policy support among IEA member countries. The successful implementation of policies and other initiatives benefitted from efforts to inform the public. The IEA hopes that Energy Policy Highlights will provide a useful point of reference and dialogue for the 2013 IEA Ministerial, and will help advance the Agency’s well-established practice of co-operation and worldwide engagement through the sharing of experiences, best practices and lessons learned, among IEA member countries and partner countries alike.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 93
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264218482
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Portugal; Deepening Structural Reform to Support Growth and Competitiveness
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Portugal: Deepening Structural Reform to Support Growth and Competitiveness
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Portugal
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202351
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (514 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Colombia; Implementing Good Governance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Colombia: Implementing Good Governance
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: Colombia ha experimentado un cambio profundo durante la última década y ha tenido un progreso importante al poner en marcha su agenda de gobernanza con políticas orientadas a fortalecer sus instituciones para promover la sostenibilidad y el crecimiento incluyente en todas las regiones del país. El Estudio de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública proporciona asesoría para ayudar a Colombia a afrontar de manera efectiva y eficiente sus retos de gobernanza a lo largo del tiempo. Aporta análisis y recomendaciones sobre cómo mejorar su capacidad para fijar, dirigir e implementar una estrategia nacional plurianual de desarrollo. El informe atiende la coordinación del gobierno central, la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia, la gobernanza multinivel y las cuestiones relacionadas con una gestión estratégica del recurso humano del sector público integrado, el e-gobierno, y las compras públicas. En general, una agilidad estratégica en la conducción de una administración pública eficiente y efectiva que provea una política sólida a los ciudadanos y a las empresas con el apoyo de una mayor seguridad en el país, el crecimiento y la prosperidad, son clave para que el gobierno de Colombia pueda proporcionar políticas de tal forma que impulse el desarrollo de largo plazo del país, la cohesión, y la agenda de competitividad y prosperidad.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224445
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 487; In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: L’essai micronoyau in vitro est un essai de génotoxicité pour la détection des micronoyaux dans le cytoplasme de cellules en interphase. Les micronoyaux peuvent provenir de fragments de chromosomes acentriques (c’est-à-dire sans centromère), ou de chromosomes entiers qui ne peuvent migrer vers les pôles pendant l’étape d’anaphase de la division cellulaire. L’essai détecte l’activité de substances d’essai clastogènes et aneugènes dans les cellules qui ont subi une division cellulaire au cours ou après l’exposition à une substance d’essai. Cette Ligne directrice prévoit l’utilisation de protocoles, avec et sans cytochalasine B (inhibiteur de polymérisation de l’actine). La cytochalasine B permet l’identification et l’analyse sélective de la fréquence des micronoyaux dans les cellules qui ont complété une mitose, ces cellules étant binucléées. La Ligne directrice permet l’utilisation de protocoles sans blocage de la cytokinèse à condition qu’il soit démontré que la population cellulaire a subi une mitose.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221642
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (51 p.)
    Serie: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.65
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document examines the establishment of acceptable limits of microbiological contamination in microbial pest control products.
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224193
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 431 ; Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro ; Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Essai n 431: Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro ; Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin corrosion, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin corrosion is defined as the production of irreversible tissue damage, manifested as visible necrosis of the skin, according to the definition of the Globally Harmonised System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure allowing the identification of non-corrosive and corrosive substances and mixtures, based on three-dimensional human skin model which reliably reproduces histological, morphological, biochemical, and physiological properties of the upper layers of human skin, including a functional stratum corneum. The procedure on reconstituted human epidermis is based on the principle that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (or exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure time. Cell viability is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. Corrosive substances are evidenced by their capacity to reduce cell viability below the defined threshold. Several validated methods are referenced in the Test Guideline and follow the procedure described above. Some of the methods referenced allow sub-categorisation among corrosive chemicals. This Test Guideline also includes a set of Performance Standards (PS) for the assessment of similar and modified TER-based test methods.
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.71
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensmittel ; Lieferkette ; Abfallvermeidung ; Kommunale Abfallwirtschaft ; Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Reducing food losses and food waste is attracting growing public attention at the international, regional, and national levels, and is widely acknowledged to contribute to abating interlinked sustainability challenges such as food security, climate change, and water shortage. However, the pattern and scale of food waste throughout the supply chain remains poorly understood, despite growing media coverage and public concerns in recent years. This paper takes stock of available data on food waste and explores policies related to food waste in OECD countries.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Serie: OECD Employment Policy Papers no.5
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: More than one-third of the European Union’s adult population would rather be self-employed than an employee if given the chance to choose, according to the 2012 Flash Eurobarometer survey. At the same time, there is a large entrepreneurial potential in social groups that are either disadvantaged in the labour market (e.g. youth, migrants, and the low-skilled) or underrepresented in the entrepreneurial population (e.g. women and seniors). Inclusive entrepreneurship policies aim to give the opportunity for people from these groups to start-up in business and self-employment both for economic reasons and to support the goal of social inclusion.
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Serie: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.27
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. What Are the Earnings Advantages from Education?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: What Are the Earnings Advantages from Education?
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: L’augmentation du nombre de diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire ne semble pas avoir entraîné de phénomène d’« inflation » susceptible d’éroder la valeur de ce diplôme sur le marché du travail. Toutefois, les diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire bénéficient de l’avantage le plus élevé en termes de revenus du travail relatifs lorsqu’ils vivent dans un pays où les diplômés de ce niveau d’enseignement sont peu nombreux. En moyenne, par comparaison avec les revenus du travail des adultes diplômés du deuxième cycle du secondaire, les adultes diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire gagnent environ 1.6 fois plus, tandis que les adultes dont le niveau de formation est inférieur au deuxième cycle du secondaire gagnent 24 % de moins. L’élévation du niveau de formation et du niveau de compétence en littératie entraîne une augmentation des revenus ; toutefois, cet avantage est plus marqué pour les hommes que pour les femmes, et semble s’accroître avec l’âge. La crise a creusé les écarts de revenus entre les moins instruits et les plus instruits : dans les pays de l’OCDE, la différence moyenne de revenus du travail entre ces deux groupes est passée de 75 points de pourcentage en 2008 à 79 points de pourcentage en 2012. Les diplômes sont plus reconnus que les compétences : l’élévation du niveau de formation a un impact positif plus fort sur les revenus du travail que l’élévation du niveau de compétence en littératie.
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