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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4,552)
  • 2010-2014  (4,372)
  • 1980-1984  (138)
  • 1965-1969  (42)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,786)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : De Gruyter  (385)
  • Rotterdam : SensePublishers  (381)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9783110288384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.)
    Keywords: HD ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Within the framework of the Excellence Cluster Topoi, a fruitful interdisciplinary debate on space and movement over the long term has developed. The workshop “Computational approaches to movement in archaeology” (organized on January 6 2011 in Berlin) tackled questions related to space and movement in the framework of computational archaeology, landscape archaeology, historical geography and archaeological theory. The current volume, which is the product of this meeting, brings together contributions that show how the study of settlement patterns and movement has been dramatically transformed by the use of spatial technology (GIS), in particular Cost Distance and Least Cost Paths (LCP) Analysis. The term “least cost path” is somewhat deceptive, however, since it is not just the costs of movement, but also the benefits of moving to a particular location that influenced the routes chosen and created. Archaeological theories about the way people moved in the landscape, and how they created and maintained paths and communication networks are often based on relatively abstract notions. For example, several papers in the current volume indicate that visibility may have been an important factor (co-)determining movement and path creation in the landscape. However, the exact parameters involved, and how they influenced the routes chosen, are largely within the realm of speculation. Computer-based modelling can be seen as a sophisticated approach to speculation. It allows us to experiment with the possible parameters involved, change the values and weights of each and inspect the outcome to see whether it conforms to our initial expectations and if it in some way fits the actual archaeological evidence. Most importantly, computer-based models are explicit: since all assumptions are laid out in detail, we can study the consequences of changing them, and the models can be replicated. It is through modelling that different scenarios can be explored and compared to real-world outcomes. Computer-based models are therefore in essence heuristic tools that can help to develop theory and interpretation
    Note: English
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264216143
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: A Teachers' Guide to TALIS 2013: Teaching and Learning International Survey
    DDC: 370
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264222885
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Gibraltar 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Gibraltar ; Taxation ; Gibraltar
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Gibraltar. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gobierno Abierto en América Latina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open government in Latin America
    Keywords: Regierung ; Good Governance ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Lateinamerika ; Governance
    Abstract: Latin American governments have embarked upon substantial open government reforms in recent years. Working with the Open Government Partnership (OGP), progress has been made. The OECD - as an official multilateral partner organisation of the OGP - has conducted a regional stocktaking exercise of open government strategies and practices. Its main findings are reflected in this report, allowing Latin American countries to compare and benchmark against good international practice.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264175617
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Esenciales OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: En la actualidad oímos por doquier la expresión “desarrollo sostenible”, pero ¿qué significa realmente? ¿De qué manera la producción y el consumo lo afectan?¿La globalización de la economía la está ayudando u obstaculizando? ¿Se puede medir la sostenibilidad a través de las herramientas tradicionales del análisis económico? ¿Qué pueden hacer los gobiernos, las empresas y las personas para fomentarla? La OCDE genera información, investigación y recomendaciones de políticas sobre muchos temas relacionados con el desarrollo sostenible, incluidos el cambio climático, la cooperación con los países en desarrollo y la responsabilidad social corporativa. Esenciales OCDE: Desarrollo sostenible se basa en esa experiencia. Señala que, para ser sostenible, el desarrollo debe basarse en el avance simultáneo de tres áreas: la economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Botsuana ; Finance and Investment ; Botswana ; Botswana ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of investment policy in Botswana. After an overview of the country, the review examines investment policy, investment promotion and facilitation as well as infrastructure in Botswana.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies d'emploi et de compétences au Canada
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Canada
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Kanada ; Ontario (Provinz) ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: This report delivers evidence-based and practical recommendations on how to better support employment and economic development in Canada. It builds on sub-national data analysis and consultations with local stakeholders in four case study areas across Ontario and Quebec. It provides a comparative framework to understand the role of the local level in contributing to more and better quality jobs. The report can help federal, provincial, local policy makers in Canada build effective and sustainable partnerships at the local level, which join-up efforts and achieve stronger outcomes across employment, training, and economic development policies. Co-ordinated policies can help workers find suitable jobs, while also stimulating entrepreneurship and productivity, which increases the quality of life and prosperity within a community as well as throughout the country.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The feasibility and costs of spent nuclear fuel management and the consequent disposal of ultimate waste continue to be the subject of public debate in many countries, with particular concern often expressed over the lack of progress in implementing final disposal. Uncertainties about back-end costs and the financial risks associated with management of the back end have also been singled out as possible deterrents to investment in new nuclear power plants. This report offers an appraisal of economic issues and methodologies for the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste from commercial power reactors. It includes a review of different backend options and current policies and practices, with a focus on the cost estimates for these options and the funding mechanisms in place or under consideration in OECD/NEA countries. A generic economic assessment of high-level estimates of back-end cost impacts on fuel cycle costs is undertaken for selected idealised scenarios, by means of a simple static model. Sensitivity analyses are conducted for the evaluation of uncertainties in major components and the identification of cost drivers. Since factors other than economics are an important part of the decision-making process, an analysis of the influence of key qualitative parameters in the selection of back-end strategies is also presented in this report.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.12
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the finishing of metals, to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264221574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.59
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is the report of the OECD Seminar on Risk Reduction through Prevention, Detection and Control of the Illegal International Trade in Agricultural Pesticides that took place on 19 May, 2010 at OECD, Paris, France, and was chaired by Dr. Wolfgang Zornbach of the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. After a series of presentations on governments‟ and other stakeholders‟ approaches and experiences (copies of all presentations are in Annex 4), the Seminar discussed the various issues associated with the illegal international trade of pesticides: risks and consequences of using illegal pesticides, risks linked to the pesticide supply/logistical chain, existing systems in place in countries, difficulties faced by authorities and customs, etc. The Seminar developed a set of recommendations targeted at governments, industry, all stakeholders and OECD.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264211759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This How2Guide for Wind Energy (Wind H2G) is designed to provide interested stakeholders from both government and industry with the necessary tools to plan and implement a roadmap for wind energy technology at the national or regional level.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264211872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This roadmap aims to increase understanding among a range of stakeholders of the applications that electricity and thermal energy storage technologies can be used for at different locations in the energy system. Emphasis is placed on storage technologies that are connected to a larger energy system (e.g. electricity grid), while a smaller portion of the discussion focuses on off-grid storage applications. This focus is complemented by a discussion of the existing technology, policy, and economic barriers that hinder energy storage deployment. Specific actions that can be taken to remove these obstacles are identified for key energy system stakeholder groups.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: Regional development policy is a priority of Colombia’s government. The country has experienced sustained economic growth over the past decade; yet several territories still lack development opportunities. To promote growth in all regions the government has engaged in a series of reforms. For instance, it started allocating royalty payments generated by hydrocarbon resources to all departments and most municipalities, including those that are not endowed with natural resources. The reform also promotes better multilevel governance and represents a good policy practice for countries seeking to link natural resource development with regional development. To support the current efforts of Colombia’s government, this report illustrates policy recommendations to help national authorities adopting a territorial approach to inclusive economic development. In particular, the OECD recommends to: a) improve the quantity and quality of regional statistics and formulate urban and rural taxonomies that help tailor policies to places; b) involve territorial constituencies in the design of policy interventions and allocate to them more implementation responsibilities within the framework of the National Development Plan; c) promote coordination among subnational bodies to scale up investment in territories to avoid that public investment – and royalty payments – gets dispersed in a myriad of small-scale projects.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.3
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.9
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. The document presents standard approaches for estimating environmental releases of and occupational exposures to additives and components used in photoresist formulations.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.27
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the radiation curable products industry, specifically during application of radiation curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. The document focuses primarily on ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable products and presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to components and additives used in radiation curable products.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215665
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Energy efficiency is widely recognised as the most cost-effective and readily available means to address numerous energy-related issues, including energy security, the social and economic impacts of high energy prices, and concerns about climate change. At the same time, energy efficiency increases competitiveness and promotes consumer welfare. In this context, it is important to develop and maintain well-founded indicators to better inform policy making and help decision makers formulate policies that are best suited to domestic and/or international objectives. This publication enables energy analysts and policy makers to identify priority areas for the development of energy efficiency indicators, define which sector(s) offer the greatest potential to further improve energy efficiency, select the data and indicators that best support policy development in these sectors, and develop a strategy to advance policy development through the improved use of indicators to track progress of energy efficiency policies.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.73
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report focuses on households’ behaviour in relation to water use. It presents the results of follow-up analysis of the 2011 OECD Survey on Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) where econometric techniques are applied. This report complements the overview of the survey data provided in the publication OECD (2014). The analysis shows that households whose bill depends on actual water use are unambiguously more likely to exhibit pro-environmental behaviours in terms of water use, including undertaking water-saving behaviours, purchasing water-efficient devices, and taking water efficiency into account when purchasing such equipment. The results also confirm that the effect of social norms, attitudes, and opinions about the environment in general do matter in explaining households’ behaviour and investment decisions. The main policy recommendations that can be derived from this study are: to charge households for water based on their actual water use and to pursue individuals’ sensitisation to environmental issues by promoting water-conservation behaviours through campaigns and advertising, primarily targeting male and young adults.
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.68
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Discussions of the importance of public attitudes in shaping policy often lack clear evidence on causal relations between stated attitudes and observed behaviours. The 2011 OECD Survey of over 12,000 households allows analysing households’ environmental attitudes and behaviours in five different domains (electricity, food, transport, waste and water). Using econometric analysis, we investigate the relationship between stated environmental attitudes and indicators of civic engagement, such as voting in local elections, charity membership and membership in environmental organisations...
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.111
    Keywords: Education ; Poland
    Abstract: This case study explores the strategies, processes and outcomes of an education reform in Poland which was introduced in 2009 and substantively changed the school inspection system. Its analysis looks in particular at the co-operation between the central and the local level throughout the implementation of the programme. In order to address the shortcomings of the prior inspection system, the reform combined internal and external evaluation in school supervision practice and put greater emphasis on collaboration among stakeholders. The results of the analysis show that the reform has had a great impact on the organisation of inspectorates, introducing modern principles such as teamwork and self-evaluation. Also, it affected the attitudes of important actors in the education system regarding the relevance of data to support internal and external school evaluation. The overall goals and aims of the reform gained the support of the various stakeholders. However, the implementation and communication processes were seen as deficient, especially in terms of a lack of capacity to roll out the reform as well as a lack of trust/disbelief that evaluation can be used for improvement, rather than the expected punitive purposes. Nevertheless, the reform achieved first structural steps towards building a culture of self-evaluation, which had thus far not been part of the Polish education system.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202351
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (514 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Colombia; Implementing Good Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Colombia: Implementing Good Governance
    Keywords: Governance ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia ha experimentado un cambio profundo durante la última década y ha tenido un progreso importante al poner en marcha su agenda de gobernanza con políticas orientadas a fortalecer sus instituciones para promover la sostenibilidad y el crecimiento incluyente en todas las regiones del país. El Estudio de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública proporciona asesoría para ayudar a Colombia a afrontar de manera efectiva y eficiente sus retos de gobernanza a lo largo del tiempo. Aporta análisis y recomendaciones sobre cómo mejorar su capacidad para fijar, dirigir e implementar una estrategia nacional plurianual de desarrollo. El informe atiende la coordinación del gobierno central, la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia, la gobernanza multinivel y las cuestiones relacionadas con una gestión estratégica del recurso humano del sector público integrado, el e-gobierno, y las compras públicas. En general, una agilidad estratégica en la conducción de una administración pública eficiente y efectiva que provea una política sólida a los ciudadanos y a las empresas con el apoyo de una mayor seguridad en el país, el crecimiento y la prosperidad, son clave para que el gobierno de Colombia pueda proporcionar políticas de tal forma que impulse el desarrollo de largo plazo del país, la cohesión, y la agenda de competitividad y prosperidad.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.6
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in rubber industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.26
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The scope of this Emissions Scenario Document includes the blending of fine and functional fragrance oils into consumer and commercial products. The manufacture of aroma chemicals and the formulation of fragrance oil are outside the scope of this scenario. However, these industrial operations are discussed in this section as an introduction to the fragrance industry as a whole. The following life-cycle diagram demonstrates the applicability of this scenario.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.24
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources and release pathways of chemicals during their transport and storage in a wide range of industries, to help estimate releases of chemicals into the environment. This ESD covers the transport and storage of chemicals either as pure chemicals or as components of finished products. However, it does not consider the following: mixed waste streams, radioactive substances, biological and infectious materials and foodstuffs.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (99 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.80
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document is part of the OECD effort to provide guidance for assessing the hazards of chemical substances while gaining efficiencies and improving animal welfare. The approach described in this guidance document is to consider closely related chemicals as a group, or category, rather than as individual chemicals. In the category approach, not every chemical needs to be tested for every endpoint. Rather, the overall data for that category must prove adequate to support a hazard assessment. The overall data set must allow the estimation of the hazard for the untested endpoints.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, production processes, pathways and use patterns of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264222021
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ausarbeitung eines multilateralen Instruments zur Modifikation bilateraler Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Ausarbeitung eines multilateralen Instruments zur Modifikation bilateraler Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties: (Korean version)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Ce rapport identifie les questions que soulève l’élaboration d’un instrument multilatéral pour modifier les conventions fiscales bilatérales. Faute d’un mécanisme de mise en application immédiate, les modifications apportées aux modèles de conventions fiscales ne font que creuser l’écart entre le contenu de ces modèles et celui des conventions fiscales en vigueur. Il est nécessaire de mettre au point un mécanisme d’application rapide, non seulement pour combattre l’érosion de la base d’imposition et le transfert de bénéfices, mais également pour assurer la pérennité d’un cadre, fruit d’un consensus, permettant d’éliminer la double imposition. Une telle démarche est sans précédent dans le domaine de la fiscalité, mais il existe des exemples d’instruments multilatéraux permettant de modifier des conventions bilatérales dans d’autres secteurs du droit public international. Grâce aux connaissances de spécialistes du droit public international et de la fiscalité, le rapport conclut qu’il est souhaitable et réaliste d’élaborer un instrument multilatéral et que des négociations portant sur cet instrument devraient être engagées rapidement.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264219212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Instructions relatives aux aspects intéressant les prix de transfert des actifs incorporels
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intangibles; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intangibles; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intangibles: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intangibles: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Instructions relatives aux aspects intéressant les prix de transfert des actifs incorporels
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Guidance on transfer pricing aspects of intangibles
    Keywords: Verrechnungspreis ; Immaterielle Güter ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Taxation
    Abstract: This document contains revisions to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines to align transfer pricing outcomes with value creation in the area of intangibles. The changes clarify the definition of intangibles and provide guidance for related parties; including transactions involving intangibles and the transfer pricing treatment of local market features and corporate synergies. Some transfer pricing issues relating to intangibles are closely related to other issues that are to be addressed during 2015, most notably in relation to the allocation of risk among MNE group members and recharacterisation of transactions. Because of those interactions some sections of this document are in intermediate form and will be finalised in 2015.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264218789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relever les défis fiscaux posés par l'économie numérique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Herausforderungen für die Besteuerung der digitalen Wirtschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Herausforderungen für die Besteuerung der digitalen Wirtschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Relever les défis fiscaux posés par l'économie numérique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing the tax challenges of the digital economy
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Electronic Commerce ; Digitale Güter ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Steuervermeidung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Taxation
    Abstract: The spread of the digital economy poses challenges for international taxation. This report sets out an analysis of these tax challenges. It notes that because the digital economy is increasingly becoming the economy itself, it would not be feasible to ring-fence the digital economy from the rest of the economy for tax purposes. The report notes, however, that certain business models and key features of the digital economy may exacerbate BEPS risks. These BEPS risks will be addressed by the work on the other Actions in the BEPS Action Plan, which will take the relevant features of the digital economy into account. The report also analyses a number of broader tax challenges raised by the digital economy, and discusses potential options to address them, noting the need for further work during 2015 to evaluate these broader challenges and potential options.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213951
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Italy
    Keywords: KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Italien ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Italien ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandspolitik
    Abstract: This review underlines some important points of strength with respect to Italian SMEs and entrepreneurship, notably for medium-sized firms that very often excel in their market niches, have a strong propensity to business collaboration, as well as favourable access to finance. The review also looks at the challenges that lie ahead for Italy, hard hit by the global economic crisis, notably among micro and small firms. Recovery will mean, among other things, removing barriers to business growth, streamlining the complexity of the Italian tax system, and opening the business environment to competition, foreign direct investment and equity financing, as well as improving training and workforce skills.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de bonnes pratiques de l'OCDE pour la politique de la réglementation ; Contrôle et mise en œuvre de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory enforcement and inspections
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides guidance to policy makers on improving regulatory enforcement and inspections and provides some examples of good practices in this area.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181243
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Ce livre fournit l’ensemble des indicateurs agro-environnementaux les plus récents et les plus complets concernant les 34 pays membres de l’OCDE sur la période 1990-2010. Il s’appuie sur les travaux conduits pendant vingt ans par l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Ces indicateurs ont pour objet de décrire l’état actuel de l’environnement dans l’agriculture et sa tendance ; de mettre en évidence les lieux où des situations critiques sont en train d’apparaître ; de comparer l’évolution des performances entre périodes et entre pays ; et de fournir un ensemble d’indicateurs et une base de données pour suivre et évaluer l’action publique, projeter les tendances futures et concevoir des indicateurs de croissance verte.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the key challenges faced by China and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of China, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Colombie 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental; Colombia 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Colombia
    Abstract: This report is the first OECD review of Colombia’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on waste and chemicals management and policies that promote more effective and efficient protection and sustainable use of biodiversity.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264213944
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les femmes et l'entreprise 2014 ; Accélérer le développement de l'entreprenariat dans la région Afrique du Nord et Moyen-Orient
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women in business 2014
    Keywords: Unternehmer ; Frauen ; MENA-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Women in Business 2014 summarises the progress made by the OECD-MENA Women Business Forum (WBF) since the publication of its first Women in Business report in 2012. In 2012, five groups of actions had been identified as priorities to be carried out by governments, international stakeholders, financial and business support organisations, as well as statistical agencies. In two years, the WBF has developed inputs for three of these areas of priority actions. The WBF’s contributions are growing along with its increased recognition as a hub which spurs concrete improvements in the business climate for women entrepreneurs in the MENA region. Today, women’s entrepreneurship is all the more important as governments in the region are facing the colossal challenge of rebooting job creation to improve the well-being of a growing workforce and confidence in the economy. The economic prospects of MENA economies that are going through a political transition have improved but unemployment has increased, inflation is rising and public finances have deteriorated. In these countries, political uncertainties add to long term structural difficulties. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the challenges still lie in the diversification of their economies.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195547
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Scaling-up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Ce rapport examine les six mécanismes de financement novateurs tels que définis par la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB). Il s’agit de la réforme fiscale environnementale, des paiements pour services écosystémiques, de la compensation des atteintes à la biodiversité, des marchés de produits verts, de la biodiversité dans le financement climatique, ainsi que de la biodiversité dans le financement international du développement. Cette publication, qui s’est inspirée de la littérature existante et de plus de 40 études de cas réalisées dans le monde entier, examine les questions suivantes : Quels sont ces mécanismes et comment fonctionnent-ils ? Quelles ressources financières ont-ils mobilisées et quelles sont les possibilités de les accroître ? Enfin, quelles sont les considérations clés de conception et de mise en oeuvre – y compris les mesures de sauvegarde environnementale et sociale – dont il faut tenir compte pour que les pouvoirs publics puissent garantir l’efficacité environnementale, l’efficience économique et l’équité redistributive de ces mécanismes ?
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264214347
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas; Second Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour des chaînes d'approvisionnement responsables en minerais provenant de zones de conflit ou à haut risque ; Deuxième édition
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: This is an updated edition which includes new supplements on Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten and on Gold. Trade and investment in natural mineral resources hold great potential for generating income, growth and prosperity, sustaining livelihoods and fostering local development. However, a large share of these resources is located in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. In these areas, exploitation of natural mineral resources is significant and may contribute, directly or indirectly, to armed conflict, gross human rights violations and hinder economic and social development. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas provides step-by-step management recommendations endorsed by governments for global responsible supply chains of minerals in order for companies to respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral or metal purchasing decisions and practices. The Due Diligence Guidance may be used by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas, and is intended to cultivate transparent, conflict-free supply chains and sustainable corporate engagement in the minerals sector.
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1176
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Environmental policies address wellbeing and sustainability objectives, affecting firm and household behaviour. A newly developed, cross-country composite proxy of environmental policy stringency (EPS) shows that stringency has been increasing across OECD countries over the past two decades. However, the tightening environmental policies have had little effect on aggregate productivity, spurring primarily short-term adjustments. Nevertheless, they have led to various effects within the economy - the most technologically advanced industries and firms have seen a small increase in productivity, possibly being in the best position to adapt. Least productive firms have seen their productivity fall. Part of the effect is likely to have taken place through entry and exit of firms and relocation of activities. Finally, this project provides evidence on the anti-competitive bias of some aspects of environmental policies. The indicator of Burdens on the Economy due to Environmental Policies (BEEP) shows that barriers to entry and competition, and the consideration given to economic effects of environmental policies vary notably across countries, but that this variation is not related to the stringency of policies. Hence, to support both economic and environmental outcomes, stringent environmental policies can and should be implemented with minimum barriers to entry and competition.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264221444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.168
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes the state of knowledge of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitisation initiated by covalent binding to proteins, assesses the weight-of-evidence supporting the AOP, identifies the key events, and identifies databases containing test results related to those key events. AOPs can be incorporated into chemical categories-based assessments or integrated approaches for testing and assessment.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (330 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Verwaltungsreform ; Kasachstan ; Governance ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Verwaltungsreform
    Abstract: This review examines the functioning, structure and organisation of the central government and line ministries in Kazakhstan, as well as their capacities to implement national objectives and priorities, outlined in the Kazakhstan’s Vision 2050. It also focuses on tools, strategic management and accountability frameworks in the Government of Kazakhstan, in line with the strategic management principles outlined in the General Approaches to Modernization of Public Administration of Kazakhstan by 2020.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264085497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.97
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Increasing incidents of disorders such as obesity/diabetes/metabolic syndrome, reproductive dysfunction, and neuro-developmental abnormalities in some human populations have raised concern that disruption of key endocrine-signaling pathways by exposure to environmental chemicals may be involved. This Detailed Review Paper describes some endocrine pathways that have been shown to be susceptible to environmental endocrine disruption and whose disruption could contribute to increasing incidents of some disorders in humans and wildlife populations.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264221475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.116
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance provides additional information on the conduct of studies performed using Test Guidelines 451, 452 and Test Guideline 453. Its objective is to assist users of the TGs to select the most appropriate methodology to assess the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of a test chemical so that particular data requirements can be met while reducing animal usage if possible/appropriate.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des régulateurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of regulators
    DDC: 351
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Governance-Ansatz ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: This publication provides guidance on the institutional arrangements for regulators.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207837
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plan d'action concernant l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aktionsplan zur Bekämpfung der Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plan de acción contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plano de ação para o combate à erosão da base tributária e à transferência de lucros
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Taxation is at the core of countries' sovereignty, but in recent years, multinational companies have avoided taxation in their home countries by pushing activities abroad to low or no tax jurisdictions. The G20 asked OECD to address this growing problem by creating this action plan to address base erosion and profit shifting. This plan identifies a series of domestic and international actions to address the problem and sets timelines for the implementation.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264217492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Antigua and Barbuda 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Antigua und Barbuda ; Taxation ; Antigua and Barbuda
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Antigua and Barbuda. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213753
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des services de l'eau en Jordanie ; Surmonter les défis de la participation du secteur privé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Jordan
    DDC: 363.61095695
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Governance-Ansatz ; Wasserversorgung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Jordanien ; Environment ; Governance ; Jordan ; Jordanien ; Wasserwirtschaft
    Abstract: This report assesses the main governance and financing challenges to private sector participation (PSP) in the water supply and sanitation sector of Jordan, and provides ways forward to address them, based on international experience and OECD compendium of principles and good practices. Using the diagnostic analysis of the governance challenges to PSP in the Jordan water sector (Chapter 1), the report identifies ways forward to overcome bottlenecks focusing on three key pillars (Chapter 2): i) managing public-private partnership in a fiscally constrained environment through appropriate budget processes; ii) reducing the regulatory risks through supporting the development of a high-quality framework; and iii)managing and enhancing stakeholder engagement to improve accountability and buy-in. The report also includes an action plan with concrete measures to implement the recommendations proposed in the report. The report has been developed as part of a water policy dialogue conducted by the OECD jointly with the Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med) in the context of the project labelled by the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) “Governance and Financing for the Mediterranean Water Sector”, with the support of the FEMIP Trust Fund of the European Investment Bank.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    DDC: 338.914170172405
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Irland ; Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. This peer review of Ireland reviews its development policies and programmes. It assesses not just the performance of its development co-operation agency, but also policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221765
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Globalisation; Origins and consequences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mondialisation économique ; Origines et conséquences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Globalización económica ; Orígenes y consecuencias
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Es gibt kaum ein Thema, das so kontrovers ist – und gleichzeitig so wenig verstanden wird – wie die Globalisierung. Die wirtschaftliche Globalisierung im weitesten Sinne kann zwar auf eine ebenso lange Geschichte zurückblicken wie der Handel selbst, doch die Komplexität, die sich aus der globalen Vernetzung der Volkswirtschaften ergibt, sowie deren Auswirkungen auf unsere Lebensgrundlagen haben sich durch die globale Finanzkrise noch verstärkt. Diese Publikation beschreibt die entscheidenden Wendepunkte in der Geschichte der wirtschaftlichen Integration und insbesondere die Beschleunigung des Globalisierungsprozesses seit den 1990er Jahren. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung in vier maßgeblichen Bereichen – Beschäftigung, Entwicklung, Umwelt und Finanzstabilität – erörtert: Fördert Globalisierung die Entwicklung oder verstärkt sie die Ungleichheit? Werden durch Globalisierung Arbeitsplätze geschaffen oder vernichtet? Schädigt Globalisierung die Umwelt oder trägt sie zu ihrem Erhalt bei? Steuern wir auf eine Entglobalisierung zu oder kann die Globalisierung sogar die Erholung begünstigen?
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    DDC: 325
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Neuseeland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand is among the OECD countries that have been settled by migration. Currently more than a quarter of the New Zealand workforce is foreign-born. Despite being a settlement country, most labour migration is temporary and permanent migration mainly draws from the pool of temporary labour migrants. Current temporary labour migration is equivalent to 3.6% of the workforce, by far the largest figure in the OECD. An elaborate system of labour-market tests and exemptions aims to limit negative impact on the domestic workforce while at the same time responding to employer needs. A large part of temporary flows is into low-skilled jobs with little steering possibilities, and some vigilance is needed. For permanent migration, which is also among the highest in per capita terms among OECD countries, New Zealand operates with target numbers. The country faces difficulties in meeting thes targets, whose value-added in a largely demand-driven system - favoring immigrants with a job offer - is questionable.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of the Netherlands, focusing on the role of government and including concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation and R&D performance.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity shortages can paralyse our modern economies. All governments fear rolling black-outs and their economic consequences, especially in economies increasingly based on digital technologies. Over the last two decades, the development of markets for power has produced cost reduction, technological innovation, increased cross border trade and assured a steady supply of electricity. Now, IEA countries face the challenge of maintaining security of electricity supply during the transition to low-carbon economies. Low-carbon policies are pushing electricity markets into novel territories at a time when most of the generation and network capacity will have to be replaced. Most notably, wind and solar generation, now an integral part of electricity markets, can present new operating and investment challenges for generation, networks and the regional integration of electricity markets. In addition, the resilience of power systems facing more frequent natural disasters is also of increasing concern. IEA ministers mandated the Secretariat to work on the Electricity Security Action Plan (ESAP), expanding to electricity the energy security mission of the IEA. This paper outlines the key conclusions and policy recommendations to "keep the lights on" while reducing CO 2 emissions and increasing the efficiency.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431 ; Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro ; Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Essai n 431: Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro ; Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin corrosion, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin corrosion is defined as the production of irreversible tissue damage, manifested as visible necrosis of the skin, according to the definition of the Globally Harmonised System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure allowing the identification of non-corrosive and corrosive substances and mixtures, based on three-dimensional human skin model which reliably reproduces histological, morphological, biochemical, and physiological properties of the upper layers of human skin, including a functional stratum corneum. The procedure on reconstituted human epidermis is based on the principle that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (or exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure time. Cell viability is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. Corrosive substances are evidenced by their capacity to reduce cell viability below the defined threshold. Several validated methods are referenced in the Test Guideline and follow the procedure described above. Some of the methods referenced allow sub-categorisation among corrosive chemicals. This Test Guideline also includes a set of Performance Standards (PS) for the assessment of similar and modified TER-based test methods.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.5
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in photographic industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264218482
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Portugal; Deepening Structural Reform to Support Growth and Competitiveness
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Portugal: Deepening Structural Reform to Support Growth and Competitiveness
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264218741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Regulation
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This regulatory guidance booklet describes the characteristics of an effective nuclear safety regulator in terms of roles and responsibilities, principles and attributes. Each of the characteristics discussed in this report is a necessary feature of an effective nuclear safety regulator but no one characteristic is sufficient on its own. It is the combination of these characteristics that leads to the effectiveness of a nuclear regulatory body. The report provides a unique resource to countries with existing, mature regulators and can be used for benchmarking as well as training and developing staff. It will also be useful for new entrant countries in the process of developing and maintaining an effective nuclear safety regulator.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264179257
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Deuxième édition
    Series Statement: Développement de l'énergie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Energy Today (Second Edition)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Nuclear Energy Today (Second Edition)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.4
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the treatment of water in a number of areas to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.22
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the coatings industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes), to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224445
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 487; In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’essai micronoyau in vitro est un essai de génotoxicité pour la détection des micronoyaux dans le cytoplasme de cellules en interphase. Les micronoyaux peuvent provenir de fragments de chromosomes acentriques (c’est-à-dire sans centromère), ou de chromosomes entiers qui ne peuvent migrer vers les pôles pendant l’étape d’anaphase de la division cellulaire. L’essai détecte l’activité de substances d’essai clastogènes et aneugènes dans les cellules qui ont subi une division cellulaire au cours ou après l’exposition à une substance d’essai. Cette Ligne directrice prévoit l’utilisation de protocoles, avec et sans cytochalasine B (inhibiteur de polymérisation de l’actine). La cytochalasine B permet l’identification et l’analyse sélective de la fréquence des micronoyaux dans les cellules qui ont complété une mitose, ces cellules étant binucléées. La Ligne directrice permet l’utilisation de protocoles sans blocage de la cytokinèse à condition qu’il soit démontré que la population cellulaire a subi une mitose.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.7
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in textile finishing industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264222649
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Principes de bonne pratique de l’OCDE en matière de politique réglementaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Governance of Regulators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: The Governance of Regulators
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport vise à construire un cadre général pour les initiatives destinées à poursuivre l’amélioration des performances dans les systèmes réglementaires en relation avec les organismes ou autorités de réglementation nationaux.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Are the Earnings Advantages from Education?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: What Are the Earnings Advantages from Education?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’augmentation du nombre de diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire ne semble pas avoir entraîné de phénomène d’« inflation » susceptible d’éroder la valeur de ce diplôme sur le marché du travail. Toutefois, les diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire bénéficient de l’avantage le plus élevé en termes de revenus du travail relatifs lorsqu’ils vivent dans un pays où les diplômés de ce niveau d’enseignement sont peu nombreux. En moyenne, par comparaison avec les revenus du travail des adultes diplômés du deuxième cycle du secondaire, les adultes diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire gagnent environ 1.6 fois plus, tandis que les adultes dont le niveau de formation est inférieur au deuxième cycle du secondaire gagnent 24 % de moins. L’élévation du niveau de formation et du niveau de compétence en littératie entraîne une augmentation des revenus ; toutefois, cet avantage est plus marqué pour les hommes que pour les femmes, et semble s’accroître avec l’âge. La crise a creusé les écarts de revenus entre les moins instruits et les plus instruits : dans les pays de l’OCDE, la différence moyenne de revenus du travail entre ces deux groupes est passée de 75 points de pourcentage en 2008 à 79 points de pourcentage en 2012. Les diplômes sont plus reconnus que les compétences : l’élévation du niveau de formation a un impact positif plus fort sur les revenus du travail que l’élévation du niveau de compétence en littératie.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This book reviews recent work related to Slovenia and summarised key findings and recommendations in such areas as unemployment and the labour market, skills and productivity, product market competition, corporate governance, boosting innovation and moving up the value chain, public finances, the tax system, the financial system, and greening the economy.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Österreich ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Österreich ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Migration
    Abstract: Austria has low levels of labour migration from non-EU/EFTA countries. At the same time, intra-EU free mobility has grown significantly and since 2011, overall migration for employment is above the OECD average. It recently reformed its labour migration system, making it more ready to accept labour migrants where they are needed, especially in medium-skilled occupations in which there were limited admission possibilities previously. This publication analyses the reform and the Austrian labour migration management system in international comparison.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221802 , 9789264185807 , 9789264225466
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment at a Glance 2013; OECD Indicators
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce livre présente les indicateurs clés de l'environnement entérinés par les ministres de l'environnement des pays de l'OCDE. Ces indicateurs reflètent les progrès réalisés dans le domaine de l'environnement depuis 1990 et contribuent à mesurer la performance environnementale. Organisés par sujets tels que le changement climatique, la pollution de l'air, la biodiversité, les déchets ou l'eau, ces indicateurs ont tout pour plaire à ceux qui sont interéssés par l'environnement et par le dévelopement durable.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213289
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current melons standard. This new brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in melons. The electronic version of this brochure is available on the OECD website.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapporto Peer Review dell'OCSE-DAC sulla cooperazione allo sviluppo dell'Italia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Italien ; Development ; Italy
    Abstract: This peer reviews assess the performance of Italy, covering not just development co-operation agency, but also policy and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities Italy.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264223035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Grenada 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Grenada ; Taxation ; Grenada
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Grenada. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Création d'emplois et développement économique local (Version abrégée)
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264222892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Chile ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: This report looks at rural policy in Chile, examining the main trends in rural regions, policies and governance arrangements. It highlights the need to establish a national rural policy framework in Chile, in order to better coordinate the wide range of national policies and programmes currently targeting rural areas. It also investigates the evolving role of "rural" in development, highlighting the need to design rural policies in a strategic way so that complementarities with urban policy can be realised as the country develops.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264217454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Andorra 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Andorra ; Taxation ; Andorra
    Abstract: This report contains the 2014 “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” Global Forum review of Andorra. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264121126
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Regional Outlook 2011; Building Resilient Regions for Stronger Economies
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Fondée sur les données quantitatives et les éléments qualitatifs présentés dans l’édition 2011 du Panorama des régions de l’OCDE, l’analyse formulée dans les pages qui suivent révèle les limites, dans le contexte actuel, des politiques uniformes censées favoriser la croissance à l’échelle d’un pays entier. Elle postule qu’une démarche plus différenciée, tenant compte des spécificités des régions de l’OCDE, permettrait de mieux optimiser les synergies entre les différents pans de l’action publique et d’assurer une gestion aussi efficace que possible des investissements publics susceptibles de favoriser la croissance. Cette publication souligne le rôle central que les régions et les politiques régionales ont à jouer pour relancer l’emploi et permettre aux économies de l’OCDE de réaliser leur potentiel d’innovation. Elle analyse également la contribution respective des villes et des zones rurales à la lutte contre le changement climatique et à la transition des économies de l’OCDE vers une croissance verte.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264225329
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances; (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Les propositions de modifications du Modèle de convention fiscale sont exposées dans ce livrable afin d’empêcher l’utilisation abusive des conventions fiscales. Les pays participant au projet BEPS se sont accordés sur des standards minimum pour prévenir le chalandage fiscal et autres stratégies destinées à obtenir indûment les avantages prévus par certaines dispositions des conventions fiscales. Ce livrable veille également à s’assurer que les conventions fiscales n’entravent pas l’application de règles nationales visant légitimement à prévenir l’utilisation abusive des conventions. Il précise que les conventions fiscales n’ont pas vocation à être utilisées pour aboutir à une double non-imposition et recense également les considérations de politique fiscale que les pays doivent prendre en compte avant de décider de conclure une convention fiscale avec un autre pays. Les modèles de dispositions figurant dans le livrable constituent des orientations appelées à évoluer car d’autres travaux devront être réalisés, en particulier en ce qui concerne la règle relative à la limitation des avantages conventionnels.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making innovation policy work
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Innovationsförderung ; Innovation ; Industriepolitik ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Produktion ; Wirtschaft ; Ökologie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Tendenz ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This book explores emerging topics in innovation policy for more inclusive and sustainable growth, building on concrete examples. It develops the notion of experimental innovation policy – which integrates monitoring and feedback at the policy design stage, and occurs continuously to improve impact and implementation. This approach should help improve the quality and efficiency of public expenditures supporting innovation policy. Experimental policy making is particularly important for new and emerging innovation domains, where the scope for learning and improvement is the greatest. To make the discussion as concrete and relevant as possible for practitioners and policy makers, three emerging domains of innovation policy are explored in greater detail: innovative entrepreneurship, green innovation, and pro-poor or base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) innovation.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1142
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper presents long-term trade scenarios for the world economy up to 2060 based on a modelling approach that combines aggregate growth projections for the world with a detailed computable general equilibrium sectoral trade model. The analysis suggests that over the next 50 years, the geographical centre of trade will continue to shift from OECD to non-OECD regions reflecting faster growth in non-OECD countries. The relative importance of different regions in specific export markets is set to change markedly over the next half century with emerging economies gaining export shares in manufacturing and services. Trade liberalisation, including gradual removal of tariffs, regulatory barriers in services and agricultural support, as well as a reduction in transaction costs on goods, could increase global trade and GDP over the next 50 years. Specific scenarios of regional liberalisation among a core group of OECD countries or partial multilateral liberalisation could, respectively, raise trade by 4% and 15% and GDP by 0.6% and 2.8% by 2060 relative to the status quo. Finally, the model highlights that investment in education has an influence on trade and high-skill specialisation patterns over the coming decades. Slower educational upgrading in key emerging economies than expected in the baseline scenario could reduce world exports by 2% by 2060. Lower up-skilling in emerging economies would also slow-down the restructuring towards higher value-added activities in these emerging economies.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1177
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Cross-country analysis of the economic effects of environmental policies is limited by the lack of reliable, comparable measures of the stringency of environmental policies. This paper attempts to fill this gap, by constructing new quantitative indexes of environmental policy stringency (EPS). Selected environmental policy instruments, primarily related to climate and air pollution, are scored and aggregated into composite EPS indexes. Two EPS indexes are proposed – one for the energy sector, and an extended one to proxy for the broader economy (“economy-wide”). They cover most OECD countries over 1990s-2012. While a simplification of the multidimensional reality of environmental policies, the EPS indicators are a first tangible effort to measure environmental policy stringency internationally over a relatively long time horizon. They show relatively high and significant correlations with alternative proxies of EPS used in the literature, such as measures of perceived stringency based on surveys, measures based on environmental outcomes and a composite policy-based measure with no time series. The paper describes some additional features of the EPS indicators and sketches out possible future extensions.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quel avantage salarial le niveau de formation procure-t-il ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Rising levels of tertiary attainment seem not to have led to an “inflation” eroding the labour-market value of qualifications. However, tertiary graduates have the highest relative earnings advantage when they live in a country with low tertiary attainment rates. On average, compared to those with an upper secondary education, tertiary-educated adults earn about 1.6 times more than their peers, while individuals without an upper secondary education earn 24% less. Higher educational attainment and literacy skills increase earnings, but the advantages are more pronounced for men than for women and seem to increase as adults get older. The crisis has widened the wage gap between less educated and highly educated individuals: across OECD countries, the average difference in earnings from employment between these two groups increased from 75 percentage points in 2008 to 79 percentage points in 2012. Qualifications are more rewarded than skills: attaining a higher level of education has a stronger positive impact on earnings than better literacy proficiency.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.3
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Personal behaviour and choices in daily life, from what we eat to how we get to work or heat our homes, have a significant – and growing – effect on the environment. But why are some households greener than others? And what factors motivate green household choices? Answering these questions is vital for helping governments design and target policies that promote “greener” behaviour. The OECD’s Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) survey is designed to do just that. This large-scale household survey explores what drives household environmental behaviour and how policies may affect household decisions. It focuses on five areas in which households have significant environmental impact: energy, food, transport, waste and water. This policy paper is based on the second round of the EPIC survey, carried out in 2011 (the first was in 2008). The survey collected information from more than 12 000 households in Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264220676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt Eurostat-OECD methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services
    Keywords: Erzeugerpreisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Erzeugerpreis ; Preisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Abstract: The International Producer Price Index Manual, Theory and Practice (PPI Manual) published by the IMF in 2004 consituted a landmark for international standards on price measurement and contains detailed, comprehensive information for the compilation of producer price indices as well as an extensive coverage of the conceptual and theoretical issues. This second edition of the Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services (SPPI Guide) is a complement to the PPI Manual in two ways: it focuses on service-specific aspects in the PPI compilation by developing further the conceptual framework and it adds detailed descriptions of PPI measurement for a wide range of individual service industries. This second edition of the SPPI Guide has been jointly produced by the OECD, Eurostat, the members of a task Force with deleguates from 14 OECD/EU members countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States)and in synergy with the Voorburg Group. Several countries contributed to the Guide by providing descriptions of service PPIs for individual industries, other countries were represented by national experts in at least one meeting of the Task Force.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264221413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (524 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.150
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is a tool to support regulatory authorities’ decisions on the hazard of specific chemicals when they receive test results from a Test Guideline (TG) or draft TG for the screening/testing of chemicals for endocrine disrupting properties. The contexts for these decisions will vary, depending on local legislation and practice, so the advice is worded in such a way as to permit flexible interpretation. It provides guidance on how to interpret the outcome of individual tests and how to increase evidence on whether or not a substance may be an endocrine disrupter; to this end, it recommends a test method that may be performed if regulatory authorities need more evidence.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264221482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.102
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance on how to use the OECD (Q)SAR Application Toolbox to build chemical categories according to the OECD Guidance on Grouping of Chemicals. It is part of an overall effort to provide guidance on the use of the (Q)SAR Application Toolbox.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264227521
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Women in Business 2014; Accelerating Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Region
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: « Les femmes et l’entreprise 2014 » dresse un tableau des progrès accomplis dans le cadre du Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs OCDE-MENA depuis la parution du premier rapport « Les femmes et l’entreprise » en 2012. En 2012, cinq domaines d'actions ont été identifiés comme priorités à mettre en œuvre par les gouvernements, les parties prenantes internationales, les organisations financières et de soutien aux entreprises, ainsi que par les agences statistiques. En deux ans, le Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs a développé des contributions dans trois de ces domaines d'action prioritaires. Les contributions du Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs sont à la mesure de sa reconnaissance croissante en tant que hub encourageant des améliorations concrètes du climat des affaires pour les femmes entrepreneurs dans la région MENA. Plus que jamais, l’entrepreneuriat féminin constitue un volet essentiel des politiques de création d’emplois mises en place par les gouvernements de la région afin d’améliorer le bien-être d’une main-d’œuvre croissante et restaurer la confiance dans l’économie. Les perspectives économiques des pays de la région MENA ayant traversé une transition politique se sont améliorées, mais le chômage reste en hausse, l'inflation continue d’augmenter et les finances publiques de se détériorer. Dans ces pays, les incertitudes politiques s’ajoutent à des difficultés structurelles. Dans les pays du Conseil de coopération du Golfe (CCG), les défis restent encore liés à la diversification de leurs économies.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.177
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document presents a review of fish toxicity testing for the regulatory purpose of chemical safety. The main focus is on fish toxicity, but fish bioaccumulation is also considered where relevant. A review of regulatory needs for fish tests under various jurisdictions in OECD countries is provided in Chapter 2, followed by a review of statistical issues and general test considerations in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively. The document examines animal welfare concerns and alternatives to fish tests in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 provides a systematic review of existing and draft OECD Guidelines which use fish for toxicity or bioaccumulation studies. Finally Chapter 7 describes a generic framework for assessing the environmental hazards of chemicals using fish tests in the most efficient way. An Annex contains conclusions and recommendations made and agreed at the workshop in September 2010. The recommendations concern, among other aspects, possible improvements to existing Test Guidelines, development of guidance on specific issues, harmonisation of existing Test Guidelines for common issues, development of new Test Guidelines, and proposals for deletion of outdated Test Guidelines.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264210592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. España; de la Reforma de la Administración a la Mejora Continua
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    DDC: 658.408
    Keywords: Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Verwaltungsreform ; Spanien ; Governance ; Spain
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of public governance in Spain finds that it shares with other OECD countries the need for a whole-of-government approach to reform. This is especially needed given Spain’s high degree of decentralisation and institutional fragmentation throughout the public sector. The experience of OECD countries with administrative reform is that it is successful when it is not perceived as a one-off exercise, but rather as a process of continuous improvement to constantly identify waste, shortcomings, and opportunities to do things better. This is particularly relevant for the public administration to become a positive influence for growth and overcome the effects of the financial crisis Spain has been through.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264217430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews: Georgia 2014
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Georgien ; Taxation ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Steuer
    Abstract: This publication reviews the quality of Georgia's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information for tax purposes. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Abstract: Norway is characterised by very high levels of migration from within the European Economic Area (EEA) and growing but small scale labour migration from countries outside the EEA. In this context, the challenge for managing discretionary labour migration is to ensure it complements EEA flows. High-skilled workers who come to Norway often leave, even if their employer would like to keep them. Norway has many international students, but most appear to leave at graduation or in the years that follow. The spouses of skilled migrants – usually educated and talented themselves – face challenges in finding employment, and this may cause the whole family to leave. Key industries in smaller population centres wonder how they will source talent in the future. This review examines these aspects of the Norwegian labour migration system. It considers the efficiency of procedures and whether the system is capable of meeting demand. It looks at several policy measures that were implemented and withdrawn, and assesses how these and other mechanisms could be better applied. The characteristics and behaviour of past labour migrants is examined to suggest means of encouraging promising immigrants to remain, and how Norway might attract the specific labour migrants from which it can most benefit in the future.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264168237
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Together for Better Public Services; Partnering with Citizens and Civil Society
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Le présent rapport porte sur des approches novatrices de la prestation des services publics fondées sur des partenariats que les pouvoirs publics forment avec les citoyens, les usagers et les organisations de la société civile. Ces approches – dénommées co-production – peuvent apporter des réponses créatives qui permettent aux pouvoirs publics de fournir des services publics de meilleure qualité en période de restrictions budgétaires. Le rapport s’appuie sur les résultats d’une étude préliminaire des pratiques nationales dans 22 pays membres de l’OCDE, au Brésil, en Égypte, en Russie et en Ukraine. "La co-production suscite un intérêt croissant parmi les spécialistes et les praticiens. Ce rapport, qui propose une étude approfondie des pratiques existantes dans les pays de l'OCDE,est une contribution précieuse à notre compréhension de l'état d'avancement au niveau international." -Professeur John Alford, École d’Administration de l’Australie et de la Nouvelle Zélandeauteur, auteur, Engaging Public Sector Clients : From Service-Delivery to Co-Production
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Illicit financial flows from developing countries
    Keywords: Kapitalmobilität ; Geldwäsche ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This publication identifies the main areas of weakness and potential areas for action to combat money-laundering, tax evasion, foreign bribery, and to identify, freeze and return stolen assets. It also looks at the role of development agencies and finds that the potential returns to developing countries from using ODA on issues like combating tax evasion or asset recovery are significant. Finally, it identifies some opportunities for a scaled-up role for development agencies.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209695
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter contre l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lucha contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combate à Erosão da Base Tributária e à Transferência de Lucros
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Russian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Ziel dieses Berichts ist es, die mit der Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung zusammenhängenden Sachverhalte objektiv und umfassend darzustellen. Im Rahmen des Berichts werden zunächst öffentlich verfüg-bare Studien und Daten zum Vorkommen und Ausmaß der Gewinn-verkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung beschrieben (Zusammenfassungen der Studien sind in Anhang B enthalten). Im Anschluss daran folgt ein Überblick über globale Entwicklungen, die sich auf die Unternehmens-besteuerung auswirken. Der Hauptteil des Berichts umfasst einen Überblick über die Grundprinzipien der Besteuerung von grenzüberschreitenden Aktivitäten sowie die Gelegenheiten zur Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung, die sich aus diesen Prinzipien ergeben können. Ferner werden einige bekannte Unternehmensstrukturen (die in Anhang C näher beschrieben sind) analysiert und die wichtigsten Problemstellungen im Zusammenhang mit diesen Strukturen erläutert.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Boosting resilience through innovative risk governance
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Naturkatastrophe ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This report examines what countries have achieved in terms of strengthening resilience through better risk management and identifies persisting challenges. It focuses on the importance of creating an institutional environment that engages all stakeholders and allows them to build resilience against future shocks. This report has contributed to the development of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.49
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Minor use is the use of chemical pesticides or non-chemical means of crop protection where the potential use is on a scale not sufficiently large to justify registration of that use from an applicant’s perspective alone. Typically minor uses involve crops grown on a small scale (minor crops) and often are high value specialty crops. Additionally minor uses can involve uses within major crops in terms of controlling minor pests and diseases. This results in a situation where specialty crop industries are either without or are lacking sufficient access to pesticides to adequately protect those crops. This Guidance for Defining Minor Uses of Pesticides is provided to encourage and enhance member countries similarities in their approaches to defining minor uses, and to ensure that those needs are appropriately regulated, managed and addressed in their respective countries.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.20
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the adhesive formulation industry. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to additives and components used in adhesive formulations. These approaches are intended to provide conservative, screening-level estimates resulting in release and exposure amounts that are likely to be higher, or at least higher than average, than amounts that might actually occur in the real world setting.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264085442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.69
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: To keep (Q)SAR applications on a solid scientific foundation, an international effort to articulate principles for (Q)SAR technology and to develop a guidance document for use of (Q)SAR in regulatory applications. This document presents those principles and helpful guides for validating (Q)SAR technology for a variety of applications.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264221123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.18
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information to be used for risk assessment for active substances and products used as biocidal (i.e. non agricultural) insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods (in the EU, product type 18 [PT18] c).
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.25
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report constitutes an emission scenario document (ESD) for chemicals used in the electronics industry. It provides information on the sources and release pathways of chemicals during various processing techniques relevant to this varied industry sector, to help estimate releases of chemicals into the environment. Therefore, it will assist in the development of exposure scenarios and risk characterisation and assessment, for example as required by the REACH regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of chemicals.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220973
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.29
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals to be used in water washing machines at industrial and institutional laundries. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to chemicals used in water washing machines in laundries.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the key challenges currently faced in the Euro Area and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of the Euro Area, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264218819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Neutralising the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements
    Keywords: Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report sets out recommendations for domestic rules to neutralise the effect of hybrid mismatch arrangements and includes changes to the OECD Model Tax Convention to address such arrangements. Once translated into domestic law, the recommendations in Part 1 of the report will neutralise the effect of cross-border hybrid mismatch arrangements that produce multiple deductions for a single expense or a deduction in one jurisdiction with no corresponding taxation in the other jurisdiction. Part 1 of the report will be supplemented by a commentary, which will explain the recommended rules and illustrate their application with practical examples. Part 2 of the report sets out proposed changes to the Model Convention that will ensure the benefits of tax treaties are only granted to hybrid entities (including dual resident entities) in appropriate cases. Part 2 also considers the interaction between the OECD Model Convention and the domestic law recommendations in Part 1.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264219250
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'élaboration d'un instrument multilatéral pour modifier les conventions fiscales bilatérales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ausarbeitung eines multilateralen Instruments zur Modifikation bilateraler Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Ausarbeitung eines multilateralen Instruments zur Modifikation bilateraler Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: L'élaboration d'un instrument multilatéral pour modifier les conventions fiscales bilatérales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Developing a multilateral instrument to modify bilateral tax treaties
    Keywords: Doppelbesteuerung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report identifies the issues arising from the development of a multilateral instrument that modifies bilateral tax treaties. Without a mechanism for swift implementation, changes to model tax conventions only widen the gap between the content of these models and the content of actual tax treaties. Developing such a mechanism is necessary not only to tackle base erosion and profit shifting, but also to ensure the sustainability of the consensual framework to eliminate double taxation. This is an innovative approach with no exact precedent in the tax world, but precedents for modifying bilateral treaties with a multilateral instrument exist in various other areas of public international law. Drawing on the knowledge of experts in public international law and taxation, the Report concludes that a multilateral instrument is desirable and feasible, and that negotiations for such an instrument should be convened quickly.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264183636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Accountability and democratic governance
    DDC: 320.97301
    Keywords: Governance-Ansatz ; Governance ; Development
    Abstract: The ability of citizens to demand accountability and more open government is fundamental to good governance. There is growing recognition of the need for new approaches to the ways in which donors support accountability, but no broad agreement on what changed practice looks like. This publication aims to provide more clarity on the emerging practice. Based on four country studies Mali, Mozambique, Peru and Uganda, a survey of donor innovations and cutting-edge analysis in this field, and the findings of a series of special high-level international dialogues on how to best support accountability support to parliaments, political parties, elections and the media. The publication takes the view that a wholesale shift in behaviour is required by parts of the development assistance community - moving outside conventional comfort zones and changing reflexes towards new approaches to risk taking, analysis and programming around systems of accountability and ‘do no harm’ efforts in political engagement. This piece is aimed at a range of development practitioners, as well as a wider audience, including civil society actors and citizens around the world who interact with donors working on accountability support.
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