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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (40)
  • 2015-2019  (40)
  • [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing  (22)
  • [Paris, France] : OECD  (18)
  • Graue Literatur  (40)
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (40)
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Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 17 (March 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation in decision-making contributes to peace and resilience. This policy paper provides practical recommendations for donors and practitioners on how to integrate gender equality into programming in fragile and conflict-affected settings. It focuses on engaging men and boys and addressing masculinities in a transformative manner to change gendered power dynamics and achieve more equitable gender norms and peaceful outcomes.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 16
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Based on an extensive review of the academic and policy literature, this paper focuses on the role of managerial skills, workforce skills and business linkages in enhancing SME productivity. The paper is structured as follows. First, it presents estimates on productivity gaps by firm size to show that, while SMEs are on average less productive than large companies, productivity gaps change significantly depending on the specific size and sector of the firm. Second, it provides an overview on the main firm-level drivers of SME productivity, i.e. factors internal to the firm that directly affect SME performance, such as managerial and workforce skills, the use of ICT, R&D investments, etc. Third, it delves into the relation between SME productivity, on the one hand, and managerial skills, workforce skills and business linkages, on the other, which has been investigated through three thematic workshops organised by the OECD in collaboration with the Government of Mexico over the period 2016-2018..
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 03
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper establishes an analytical framework for understanding and assessing Indigenous economic development and well-being in a place-based context. It identifies the importance of flexibility in geographic scale for organising policies for Indigenous communities, development objectives that reflect the self-determined and informed choices of Indigenous peoples, and implementing strategies for development based on the identification of local assets.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 10
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Smart cities represent the future of urban development in Emerging Asia as more and more cities and countries resort to smart technologies to build more efficient and liveable urban environments, boost economic growth, foster well-being and facilitate citizen engagement. Policy makers in the region have adopted plans to develop and promote the use of technology to organise and run urban areas. Governments have also provided significant financial backing to smart city projects, acknowledging the importance of public support in this field. The development of smart cities offers significant prospects to tackle enduring issues faced by Emerging Asian cities in policy areas such as transport, the provision of public services, education, healthcare and utilities.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 11
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes the EU-OECD method to define functional urban areas (FUAs). Being composed of a city and its commuting zone, FUAs encompass the economic and functional extent of cities based on daily people’s movements. The paper first presents briefly the methodological approach and subsequently provides a detailed description of the identification algorithm, together with the data needed to apply it. This definition has been applied to 33 OECD member countries and Colombia, as well as to all European Union member countries.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 21 (November 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report showcases how triangular co-operation can contribute to achieving ‘green’ objectives (e.g. on climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, biodiversity, desertification, and local environmental issues). Data collected through an OECD survey on triangular co-operation (2015) and desk research uncovered 224 triangular projects targeting green objectives, involving 91 countries and international organisations, out of a total of 658 triangular co-operation projects for the period 2014-18. Given the available evidence (data, evaluations and interviews with project managers), the report shows that triangular activities can deliver green goals in innovative, flexible and cost-effective ways within and across regions – and thus could help accelerate implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and other international green agreements (e.g. the Paris Agreement). Nevertheless, there are several barriers that prevent further deployment of this modality, including lack of awareness on triangular co-operation among the different green communities, insufficient evidence on the potential of green triangular co-operation, and few dedicated vehicles that can pilot and scale-up successful initiatives. The report proposes a number of recommendations for policy makers to overcome these barriers.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 17
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between workplace organisation and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It uses data for 30 countries, drawn from the European Company Survey, the OECD Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies and the Community Innovation Survey. It contrasts SMEs adopting a “learning organisation” or “discretionary learning” form of workplace organisation with SMEs adopting more hierarchical organisational forms. Learning organisation or discretionary learning SMEs are characterised by high levels of self-planning of tasks by employees, teamwork, knowledge exchange with employees and supervisors, on-the-job training, and employee performance incentives. They account for approximately one-third of SMEs across the countries examined. SMEs with this form of work organisation are more likely than other SMEs to develop new products/services and processes. At a macro level, countries with high proportions of these SMEs have higher rates of new-to-the-market innovations among SMEs and of SME innovation collaborations with other firms and organisations. The findings point to the potential role of policies favouring organisational change in SMEs as a means of stimulating SME innovation.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 15 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Social protection ; Financing ; Fiscal space ; Official Development Assistance ; Humanitarian relief ; Domestic resource mobilisation ; Ethiopia ; Ethiopia ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Social protection is at the centre of Ethiopia’s development policy. It is instrumental in reducing poverty and increasing the resilience of the population. The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has published a new set of policy frameworks for social protection that envisage the expansion of social protection to cover a greater proportion of Ethiopians against a broader range of risks, and that call for social protection to be increasingly financed from domestic sources rather than by donors. A financing strategy for the implementation of this vision has been identified as a priority by the GoE. This study responds to this requirement. It provides a comprehensive mapping of social protection spending across the five focus areas of the national social protection policy and analyses the fiscal space available for different spending scenarios up to 2025/26. The study focuses on two issues in particular: the role of donor financing for social protection and the relationship between humanitarian relief and social protection spending.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 19 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Namibia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Namibia is an upper middle-income country with one of the most comprehensive social protection systems in Africa. It provides cash transfers and complementary social assistance to a range of vulnerable groups including children, the elderly and people with disabilities, at a cost equivalent to 4.5% of GDP in 2016/17. Public-sector workers are well covered by social insurance, although there are gaps in provision for the private sector. Social protection, in particular cash transfers, has proven highly effective at reducing poverty and inequality and mitigating the impact of high unemployment, although these remain persistent challenges. For Namibia to achieve its development objectives, social protection will need to play an even greater role in the future, but scaling up social protection in the current context of low economic growth and fiscal consolidation will be challenging. This paper charts the evolution of social protection provision and expenditure, locates social protection within the context of Namibia’s broader fiscal framework and proposes options for enhancing its impact without increasing public spending.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 14
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This policy brief assesses the potential of entrepreneurship to be used as a tool for the integration of refugees into the labour market. It discusses the challenges faced in business creation by these potential entrepreneurs, as well as the opportunities created by their situation. It also discusses different policy approaches used to support refugees in business creation and the keys to their success. This policy brief is part of a series of reports produced by the OECD on inclusive entrepreneurship. The series includes policy briefs on women’s entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurship, access to business start-up finance for inclusive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship among people with disabilities, as a well as the report series “The Missing Entrepreneurs”.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 01
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper adapts the OECD Regional Development framework to places with an Indigenous population. It identifies the importance of flexibility in geographic scale for organising policies for Indigenous communities, development objectives that reflect the self-determined and informed choices of Indigenous peoples, and implementing strategies for development based on the identification of local assets.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 05
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the role of rural regions in the economic transformation of Korea. The analysis at regional level reveals that, while having experiencing continued urbanisation and rapid demographic shift of aging and depopulation, the Korean rural areas performs well in terms of productivity growth thanks to the relatively higher share of tradable sectors in rural economies. It also provides the overview of how the rural policy in Korea, which has evolved in response to the socio-economic changes and growing well-being concerns. With the balanced national development at the centre of the national agenda for decades, regional policy approaches have diversified from state-led large projects to flexible policy packages and functional approaches to enhance rural economies and well-being. Finally, the paper presents a number of international policy approaches that can be useful for Korea, including the case of France, Italy and Sweden.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a method to classify TL3regions across OECD countries based on their level of access to metropolitan areas. TL3 regions are classified as ‘metropolitan’ if more than half of their population lives in one or more functional urban area (FUA) of at least 250 thousand inhabitants and as ‘non-metropolitan’ otherwise. The method sub-classifies metropolitan regions into ‘large metro’ or ‘metro’ regions based on the population size of the FUAs located within those regions. Non-metropolitan TL3 regions are sub-classified into: with accessto a metro, with access to a small/medium city, or remote based on their level of access to a FUA with population above a predetermined threshold. The method relies on publicly available grid-level population data and localised information on driving conditions.
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 07
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper reviews the role of Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) as drivers of employment and economic growth in rural regions across a number of OECD geographies. It argues that SME creation is especially important for rural economic development and identified lessons for national level policy that can help strengthen the performance of SMEs and enhance the creation of new SMEs. This working paper focuses on four cases studies in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Scotland and the United States to derive general findings and recommendations.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 23 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study provides new insights into factors that enable effective triangular co-operation. These include sound national ecosystems to support triangular partnerships through high-level political will, guiding documents, institutional structures, partnerships, resources and management procedures. Furthermore, against the background of the 2030 Agenda and the outcomes of BAPA+40, a shift of thinking from ‘donor-recipient’ relations to ‘partnerships’ needs to run through political discourse, public opinion, strategies and systems of all partners in triangular co-operation. Moreover, for the first time, the issue of ‘transaction costs’ in triangular co-operation is discussed systematically. Based on the research, interviews, and meetings that were conducted for this study, broad agreement emerged that these are investments in the partnership, and should not be regarded as costs. Finally, five options to engage effectively in triangular co-operation are offered. The decision for one of these five approaches, depends on the specific context of the partners that wish to set up new triangular co-operation initiatives. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, thus this study aims to contribute ideas and policy implications based on existing experiences and evidence.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 16 (March 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Empowerment, co-ordinated jointly by the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate, the Development Centre and Statistics Directorate. The initiative aims to identify policy and programme solutions to promote women’s economic empowerment by recognising, reducing and redistributing women’s unpaid care work. This paper presents new analysis of time use data and unpaid care work from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and South Africa as well as comparisons with OECD countries. It provides recommendations for policy makers, donors and development practitioners to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, drawing on learning from the Social Institutions and Gender Index and in-country research by the OECD Policy Dialogue on Women’s Economic Empowerment. Specifically, the recommendations focus on how to recognise unpaid care work by measuring and valuing it, reduce time spent on drudgery by the provision of quality infrastructure and redistribute unpaid care tasks more equally between men and women by transforming gender stereotypes.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 20 (September 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Universal social protection (USP) is becoming high priority in many developing countries’ agendas. However, information on what has worked well – and not so well – is limited. This study reviews a wide range of recent country experiences with universal health coverage (UHC) financing and implementation in order to draw lessons and help governments elaborate policies for USP and the extension of social protection. It looks at different pathways and delivery and financing challenges to universalism in health coverage and takes a close look at equity issues. It concludes with some key takeaways from UHC implementation and its implications for USP. One important message of this study is that while the UHC experience cannot be mechanically transposed to the USP agenda, a number of lessons can be drawn. Moreover, the benefits in terms of coverage and equity of better integrating USP and UHC appear tremendous.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 15
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report contextualises the role of data analytics in the ongoing digital revolution and its potential for SME performance, including for enhancing SME productivity. It presents evidence on the use of data analytics in SMEs, discusses main internal and external barriers to the use of data analytics by SMEs, and illustrates policy approaches to foster data-driven decision-making in SMEs.
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 04
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper establishes an analytical framework for understanding and assessing Indigenous economic development and well-being in a place-based context. It identifies the importance of flexibility in geographic scale for organising policies for Indigenous communities, development objectives that reflect the self-determined and informed choices of Indigenous peoples, and implementing strategies for development based on the identification of local assets.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 09
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: European Union Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) represents a long-term strategic policy framework to promote socio-economic growth and tighter relations between European Union member countries and countries in the Western Balkan region. Of the four European Union Strategies in place, EUSAIR is potentially the most challenging, with significant degrees of diversity among the four EU and four non-EU member partner countries. This is often revealed by their differences in administrative capacity, governance and economic development. National multi-level governance structures supporting EUSAIR contribute to the Strategy’s national-level implementation. Enhancing the national multi-level governance practices applied to EUSAIR by participating countries could further build the Strategy’s ability to contribute to national and macro-regional growth, development and environmental sustainability. This paper explores how questions of ownership, funding, strategic synergies, institutional coordination mechanisms, resource capacities and constraints, and stakeholder engagement affect EUSAIR implementation, and offers a series of recommendations for action.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 02
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper establishes an analytical framework for understanding and assessing Indigenous economic development and well-being in a place-based context. It identifies the importance of flexibility in geographic scale for organising policies for Indigenous communities, development objectives that reflect the selfdetermined and informed choices of Indigenous peoples, and implementing strategies for development based on the identification of local assets
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 08
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: OECD countries and their regions are ageing fast. In principle, the negative impact of ageing on the growth rate of per capita gross domestic product could be offset by increases in productivity. However, for many regions, productivity growth required to maintain per capita GDP levels constant has been higher than the actual growth rates they recorded in the past years. One reason for this is that ageing also has a direct negative impact on productivity growth, with the effect being concentrated in urban areas. One possible explanation is that cities specialise in sectors, such as tradable services, where the content of tasks makes it difficult to automate stages of the production process and where business dynamism, negatively affected by demographic change, is a more solid driver of productivity growth. Finally, ageing seems to be associated with a redistribution of revenues away from workers and towards capital and firm owners.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 22 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Addis Ababa Action Agenda raises the urgency to address growing financing and capacity needs at all levels of government in developing countries (para. 34) while the 2030 Agenda calls to “localise” the SDGs. In its High Level Communiqué of 31 October 2017, the DAC stressed that “complex challenges increasingly require coherent approaches at all levels and co-ordinated, inclusive actions”, remaining “committed to improving quality and impact of our development co-operation policies”. Decentralised development co-operation, or international development co-operation carried out by subnational governments, is one tool OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members can deploy to ensure that development co-operation is fit-for-purpose and responds to the local realities of the 2030 Agenda. The paper provides an assessment of the potential strengthens of decentralised development co-operation approaches as well as new opportunities to overcome longstanding challenges, including through the promotion of new forms of multi-level and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 24 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order to meet those needs effectively and efficiently, financing strategies need to take account of the particularities of large-scale refugee situations. Refugee flows are complex, often protracted, and, require humanitarian, development and peace financing to work in complementary ways. Doing this effectively can create opportunities that are of benefit to both refugees and host communities. This policy paper presents seven principles for improving financing for refugee situations, based on global trends and case studies in three hosting countries (Uganda, Lebanon, and Colombia) and one origin/return country (Central African Republic). Both the quality and the quantity of financing matters to get the greatest value for refugees and their host communities.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 10
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: SME finance ; capital markets ; financial crisis ; growth finance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The present report analyses the extent to which capital markets have provided capital to SMEs since the GFC, focusing on three kinds of financial instruments that have proven especially important in providing finance to SMEs undergoing major transitions during the past few years: Private Equity; Private Debt; and Collective Investment Vehicles.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2018, 04
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The concept of megaregions is increasingly put forward among academics and policy makers as a new scale of economic co-ordination and social organisation. A megaregion is most commonly understood as an economic unit that comprises an agglomeration of cities and its less dense hinterlands, which are linked through infrastructure, economic connections, settlement patterns and land use, topography, an environmental system or a shared culture and history that together shape a common interest for the wider region. While there is an extensive literature on the potential benefits of a megaregion, work has been more limited in terms of identifying megaregions in an international context. This paper introduces an approach to delineate potential megaregions in the OECD.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 12
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: SME finance ; Intangible assets ; Innovation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The document sets out how intangible assets can be relevant for SMEs to obtain external funding; the challenges and opportunities in this area; and the rationale for policy intervention. It provides some policy trends from a selected group of countries and concludes with some issues to be considered by governments to foster the use of intangibles for SME access to finance. It is part of the 2017-18 Programme of Work and Budget of the Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship (WPSMEE).
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 11
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: inclusion ; SME ; home-based ; entrepreneurship ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This policy brief examines the phenomenon of home-based entrepreneurship. It provides information on the types of businesses that entrepreneurs are most likely to operate out of the home, their reasons for this choice, and barriers to the development of home-based businesses. It examines how public policy approaches can better support home-based businesses, including removing hindrances in regulations and improving access to business development services. Key policy lessons are highlighted, including on how policy makers can increase social and labour market inclusion through taking better account of home-based businesses. This policy brief is part of a series of reports produced by the OECD on inclusive entrepreneurship. The series includes policy briefs on women’s entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurship, access to business start-up finance for inclusive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship by the disabled, as a well as reports on ‘The Missing Entrepreneurs’.
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 14 (November 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: mining ; carbon dioxide emissions ; renewable energy ; wind power ; photovoltaic energy ; sustainable development ; energy transition ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Mining activities are energy-intensive and rely largely on fossil fuels to meet their energy demands. This exposes the mining sector to potential policy and regulatory risks, stemming from government efforts to shift the global economy to a low-emission development pathway, as envisaged by the Paris Agreement. At the same time, renewables have become an increasingly cost-competitive source of power generation. This has resulted in a business case for the adoption of solar and wind energy solutions in the mining sector, to reduce costs as well as carbon footprint of operations. The sector’s energy transition also presents an opportunity for resource-rich countries, including developing economies, to foster the synergistic development of higher value added domestic activities in the renewable energy sector. The shift of the mining industry to low-carbon energy has the potential to contribute to advancing the climate and sustainable development agenda, while also pursuing economic diversification objectives. However, the integration of new technologies into conventional power systems comes with risks and challenges. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of the key drivers for, and obstacles to, renewable energy integration in mining operations, based on a review of over 30 existing projects worldwide. The analysis identifies a need for an enabling policy environment, encompassing among others a competitive energy market structure and adequate energy infrastructure, to overcome current challenges and support the synergies between the development of the mining and renewable energy sectors.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 9 (January 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development co-operation results ; 2030 Agenda ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Results targets and indicators ; Accountability ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Providers of development co-operation can benefit from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), targets and indicators for use in their results frameworks. The paper examines the SDG outcome and performance targets and indicators that fit with the goals of individual providers. It presents a menu of 60 SDG targets and indicators that can strengthen providers’ results frameworks, facilitate data collection and use, and offer improved platforms for dialogues on development co-operation results. The concept of “menu” recognises that individual providers and their partners prioritise different aspects of the 2030 Agenda. They can select and apply SDG targets and indicators to their existing results frameworks in accordance with their respective priorities. Results information is used for accountability and communication and hence tied to political goals for development co-operation. With clearer links to the SDGs, results information can also be used for strategic direction and learning by providers.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 11 (February 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: development finance ; fragile contexts ; fragility ; stability ; aid ; ODA ; strategy ; guidance ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This guidance outlines the process for developing financing strategies for fragile contexts: financing for stability. The process includes the concrete steps to take to deliver the financing strategy, accompanied by financing principles, and a range of tactical investments, that allow financing actors to use financing to incentivise certain behaviours and priority investments, and to invest in enabling conditions and public goods.
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  • 32
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Documents d’orientation de l’OCDE sur le développement n° 12 (Septembre 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.12
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; !091395178 ; Development ; Togo ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Le gouvernement togolais a entrepris des réformes importantes après la crise des années 90 dans le but d’améliorer les conditions de vie de la population grâce à des politiques publiques adaptées, notamment à travers la Stratégie de croissance accélérée et de promotion de l’emploi (SCAPE) 2013-17. Malgré des améliorations du niveau d’éducation et une augmentation de l’espérance de vie, les défis en termes de pauvreté et d’inégalités restent très importants. Cette étude estime l’impact redistributif des revenus fiscaux (les impôts) et des dépenses fiscales à travers les transferts monétaires, non monétaires, et les subventions, sur les revenus des ménages et les inégalités. Deux conclusions ressortent de cette analyse : la politique fiscale réduit les inégalités au Togo, mais appauvrit les ménages les plus pauvres.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 13 (October 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: social protection ; social insurance ; SMEs ; formalisation ; minimum wage ; Viet Nam ; Viet Nam ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Viet Nam has made significant progress in expanding social insurance coverage in recent years. However, coverage amongst small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remains very low and very few workers in this sector are expected to receive a pension in retirement. Drawing on two datasets for SMEs in Viet Nam, this paper seeks to explain this phenomenon by examining the characteristics of enterprises that are enrolled and those that opt out, and it identifies possible barriers to enrolment, such as high contribution rates. It also examines how enforcement mechanisms and formalisation policies might deter enterprises from enrolling. Drawing on lessons from international experience, the paper recommends a series of policy responses that seek both to address these barriers and to protect the livelihoods of those workers who are not yet covered.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 10 (February 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: fragility ; financing ; stability ; resilience ; crisis ; humanitarian ; investment ; peace ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study and its associated guidance contribute to advancing thinking and understanding about one of the most significant challenges that the international community faces in fragile contexts: how to provide the right financing. The paper summarises new and emerging instruments and approaches in financing stability and resilience, and points to some of the gaps and challenges that remain in the fragility, resilience and stability space. It is not intended as holistic policy guidance on “how to” engage effectively across international and domestic, public and private instruments in fragile contexts. Instead, the paper is complemented by separate guidance on financing strategies: approaches to better align financing to support the delivery of results at the country-level. The research acknowledges that there are many high-level strategic debates which have yet to be resolved, which concern the comparative advantage and future role of Official Development Assistance (ODA) within a more diverse division of labour in financing, as well as a huge range of technical and capacity challenges ahead. The analysis, observations and conclusions put forward in this study should be interpreted therefore as preliminary contributions to what is a live and dynamic process of debate and adaptation.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 8 (October 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Gender equality ; women’s empowerment ; conflict ; fragility ; fragile situations ; development co-operation ; donors ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation contributes to peace and resilience. This policy paper identifies recommendations for development partners based on four case study countries: Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia and Nepal. It concludes that providing effective support for gender equality and sustainable peace requires an understanding of gender, conflict and fragility that is deeper, wider, and more politically informed than currently, with a strong focus on women as agents of change.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 6 (May 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Triangular co-operation ; trilateral co-operation ; developing countries ; Sustainable Development Goals ; development partnerships ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Triangular co-operation features in the 2030 Agenda and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda as an instrument to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. It combines the comparative advantages of the different partners involved, creates synergies, promotes learning among all partners and builds relationships based on trust. However, several myths have developed about triangular co-operation projects 1) being small in scale and scope, operating only in niche areas; 2) lacking systematic planning and implementation mechanisms; and 3) having no clear value added. This report addresses these three “myths” by analysing the results from a survey of triangular co-operation that the OECD conducted in 2015. It provides evidence on the “reality” from over 400 projects that were reported by the 60 respondents. The report concludes that triangular co-operation is a highly relevant and strategic mode of co-operation with increasing numbers of projects, budgets and durations, established planning mechanisms and a clear value added.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 7 (August 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Results ; results-based management ; results frameworks ; development co-operation ; data ; evidence-based ; SDGs ; Agenda 2030 ; standard indicators ; aggregation ; attribution ; performance measurement ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of evidence from seven case studies of results-based management by development co-operation providers. Analysis of themes from the case studies reveal six interrelated challenges which providers face in their efforts to manage for the results of development co-operation. The six challenges are: linking results to development goals, ensuring the purpose of results systems is well-defined, weighing up the benefits of aggregating and attributing results from standard indicators, enabling country ownership, using performance information alongside results information, and building and embedding a results culture. Providers continue to adopt a range of approaches to pursue a focus on results and there are many examples of good practice. The case studies suggest that in a complex development landscape some providers are prioritising the use of aggregated results information for domestic accountability, communication, and performance management over their use for learning and policy direction. In this context, the paper argues that in agency-wide results frameworks development co-operation results are often detached (or de-contextualised) from development results and discusses the implications of this, including the use of standard indicators to measure aggregated outputs. The paper uses case study evidence to discuss and suggest practical ways providers can build and maintain a strong results focus which enables analysis, insights and learning, and has achievement of development outcomes as its objective.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 4 (March 2016)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Donorship ; aid effectiveness ; fragile states ; conflict ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: New thinking on the nature of fragility and risk shows a shift from a one-dimensional understanding of fragility towards a more holistic approach in which degrees of fragility exist on a spectrum. This approach recognises the need for collaborative, regional and global solutions to tackle the root causes - and that acknowledges the need to broaden the use of institutional influences, policy levers and expertise “beyond aid”. In parallel, many development co-operation agencies are working to meet commitments under the newly agreed Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on financing sustainable development. In this context, the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) commissioned a study on how to work more effectively in fragile, at-risk and crisis-affected contexts. This report identifies 12 lessons grouped into 3 thematic areas: building institutional fitness, aspiring to deliver change, and leaving no-one behind. These lessons are illustrated with a wealth of good practice examples from DAC members.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 5 (December 2016)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the Sustainable Development Goals at its core calls to “(…) increase aid-for-trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries.” This call echoes a similar appeal in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. In response, the OECD Action Plan on the Sustainable Development Goals: Better Policies for 2030 also argues for further promoting aid for trade and ensuring that it supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper discusses how aid for trade can contribute to these goals. It argues that the Aid-for-Trade Initiative already takes an integrated and multi-dimensional approach to promoting trade, economic growth and poverty reduction. Aid-for-trade programmes are critical to turn trade opportunities into trade flows, but more is needed to make trade an engine for green growth and poverty reduction for both men and women. International companies are already increasing their financial and technical contribution to building trade-related capacities in developing countries. Strengthening private sector engagement further could be achieved by expanding platforms for project-based collaboration that create multi-stakeholder value. Such approaches will better facilitate trade for development and strengthen the contribution of aid for trade to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 3 (March 2016)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: SSR ; Security and justice ; good practices ; Working Politically ; Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Managing change in the security and justice sector is politically sensitive and incredibly complex: it interferes with the foundations of power, is politically contested at both ends of the development partnership, and potentially challenges the interests of established social and political groupings in partner countries. In consequence, international support for security and justice development programming needs to be designed, organised and delivered in ways that adhere much more closely to the political and operational realities of fragile environments. This report analyses programmes in developing countries, extracting relevant policy implications and providing important lessons for future programmes. It draws on experience from nine security and justice programmes in four different countries: Burundi, Guatemala, Timor-Leste, and Sierra Leone, and highlights what has worked and what has not worked in the design and implementation of security and justice programmes in fragile and conflict-affected states.
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