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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (550)
  • 2010-2014  (550)
  • 2013  (550)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (550)
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  • 2010-2014  (550)
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264205062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) Annotated Glossary is a review of concepts central to societal decision making about radioactive waste management. It records the evolution in understanding that has taken place in the group as the FSC has worked with these concepts over time. This should be a useful resource not only for new FSC participants but also for others: this annotated glossary forms a good reference handbook for future texts regarding societal aspects of radioactive waste management and its governance.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193543
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Poland
    Keywords: Good Governance ; Polen ; EU-Staaten ; Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: This report proposes a practical, country-based framework for developing good governance indicators for programmes funded by the European Union in Poland. The concepts presented and the challenges discussed are, however, relevant to a wide range of OECD member and non-member countries in the development of indicators-based performance measurement systems.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Temas y políticas clave sobre PYMEs y emprendimiento en México
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Temas y políticas clave sobre PYMEs y emprendimiento en México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mexico
    Keywords: KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Mexiko ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Abstract: During the past decade, the Mexican government has put into place a strong policy framework for the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurship. It has created a sequence of policy support running from the development of new entrepreneurs, micro-enterprises, SMEs and gazelles to the stimulation of linkages between SMEs and so-called 'tractor' firms. New co-ordination arrangements have also been created across government ministries and among national and state governments to increase the coherence and integration of their programmes. This publication takes stock of this progress and assesses the opportunities for further strengthening of the Mexican economy through SMEs and entrepreneurship. It shows that the framework conditions are generally good in Mexico, and have improved in recent years thanks to reforms such as regulatory simplification, the expansion of the national loan guarantee programme, and the inclusion of the micro-enterprise sector as a target of the public support system. At the same time, more can be done to shift entrepreneurs into the formal business sector and to develop more medium-sized companies able to innovate and trade internationally. There is also scope to improve the process of delivering the highest quality and most relevant policy support to beneficiary enterprises by simplifying the rules and operations of the SME Fund, developing the professional capacities of the staff and consultants who provide business development services and using available company-level data for the purposes of policy evaluation.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Poland
    Keywords: Governance-Ansatz ; Polen ; Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: This report proposes a practical, country-based framework for developing good governance indicators for programmes funded by the European Union in Poland. The concepts presented and the challenges discussed are, however, relevant to a wide range of OECD member and non-member countries in the development of indicators-based performance measurement systems.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264106833
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluating Peacebuilding Activities in Settings of Conflict and Fragility; Improving Learning for Results
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Avaliar as atividades de construção da paz em situações de conflito e de fragilidade; Compreender melhor para obter melhores resultados
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Avaliar as atividades de construção da paz em situações de conflito e de fragilidade: Compreender melhor para obter melhores resultados
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Evaluating Peacebuilding Activities in Settings of Conflict and Fragility: Improving Learning for Results
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Prenant en compte le besoin d'une approche adéquate pour appréhender et définir les responsabilités dans les situations de conflits, le Comité d'Assistance au Développement a lancé l'initiative d'évaluation du processus de prévention du conflit et de la construction de la paix. L'objectif de cette démarche a été d'aider à améliorer la pratique de l'évaluation et par la même, de soutenir pleinement la communauté d'experts en complétant les moyens d'organisation pour accroitre la qualité de prévention et le les interventions nécessaires pour bâtir la paix. Cette initiative cherche également à guider les décisionnaires, agents de terrain et de bureau ainsi que les pays partenaires vers une meilleure compréhension du rôle et de l'utilité des évaluations. La méthode présentée dans ce livre fournit le contexte des causes politiques qui ont pour effet de s'engager sur ou vers le conflit et de fragiliser la paix et présente les défis posés aux évaluations propres à ces situations. Puis, elle indique la direction fondamentale pour la planification, la réalisation et la prise en compte de l'évaluation, ainsi que les principes de base sur la conception et la gestion du projet.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264191655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD guidelines on measuring subjective well-being
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zufriedenheit ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Glück ; Zufriedenheit ; Ratgeber ; OECD
    Abstract: Being able to measure people’s quality of life is fundamental when assessing the progress of societies. There is now widespread acknowledgement that measuring subjective well-being is an essential part of measuring quality of life alongside other social and economic dimensions. As a first step to improving the measures of quality of life, the OECD has produced Guidelines which provide advice on the collection and use of measures of subjective well-being. These Guidelines have been produced as part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, a pioneering project launched in 2011, with the objective to measure society’s progress across eleven domains of well-being, ranging from jobs, health and housing, through to civic engagement and the environment. These Guidelines represent the first attempt to provide international recommendations on collecting, publishing, and analysing subjective well-being data. They provide guidance on collecting information on people's evaluations and experiences of life, as well as on collecting “eudaimonic” measures of psychological well-being. The Guidelines also outline why measures of subjective well-being are relevant for monitoring and policy making, and why national statistical agencies have a critical role to play in enhancing the usefulness of existing measures. They identify the best approaches for measuring, in a reliable and consistent way, the various dimensions of subjective well-being, and provide guidance for reporting on such measures. The Guidelines also include a number of prototype survey modules on subjective well-being that national and international agencies can use in their surveys.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264190597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación; El Aseguramiento de la Calidad en la Educación Superior en Chile 2013
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Chile
    Abstract: Growth and diversity have characterised higher education in OECD countries for fifty years. Chile is no exception and has experienced dramatic increases in the number of students, the range of institutions and the programmes that they offer. But wider participation and diversification are only part of the story. Chilean society remains highly unequal in economic and social terms, and the quality of the academic, technical and professional programmes on offer is uneven. The establishment of a culture of quality in higher education which goes beyond accreditation, and the provision of accurate and reliable information, have become issues of concern not only to institutions, students and employers but to a wider public. This report analyses the performance of the relatively young higher education quality assurance system (SINAC-ES). It provides a set of key principles that the OECD review team believes both reflect international practice and are relevant for Chile. The report makes a set of recommendations about the place of the SINAC ES in Chilean higher education and society; the focus of its work; its structure and leadership; and the functions of licensing; accreditation and information that it carries out.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202719
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plan d'action concernant l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Action plan on base erosion and profit shifting
    RVK:
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Steuervermeidung ; Doppelbesteuerung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Taxation is at the core of countries' sovereignty, but in recent years, multinational companies have avoided taxation in their home countries by pushing activities abroad to low or no tax jurisdictions. The G20 asked OECD to address this growing problem by creating this action plan to address base erosion and profit shifting. This plan identifies a series of domestic and international actions to address the problem and sets timelines for the implementation.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the substantial ageing and employment policy initiatives already implemented in Norway over the past decade and identifies areas where more should be done, covering both supply-side and demand-side aspects. To give better incentives to carry on working, the report recommends further reforms in the second-pillar pension schemes, particularly for public sector employees. On the side of employers, it is important to progress towards more age-neutral hiring decisions and to review of age limits for mandatory retirement. To improve the employability of older workers, the focus should be to promote job-related training with a particular focus on mid-career workers and to encourage initiatives based on a full-time culture and good working conditions for all.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (67 p)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Future fuel cycle characteristics, feasibility and acceptability will be crucial for the continued development of nuclear energy, especially in the post-Fukushima context. Fuel cycle choices have both long- and short-term impacts, and a holistic assessment of their characteristics, cost and associated safety issues is of paramount importance. This report associates quantified impacts with foreseeable nuclear energy development in different world regions. It gives initial results in terms of uranium resource availability, fuel cycle facility deployment and reactor types. In particular, the need to achieve short doubling times with future fast reactors is investigated and quantified. The report also provides guidelines for performing future studies to account for a wider range of hypotheses on energy demand growth, different hypotheses regarding uranium resource availability and different types of reactors to be deployed.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264203860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 438 ; Méthode d'essai sur oeil de poulet isolé pour l'identification des produits chimiques i) provoquant des lésions oculaires graves et ii) ne relevant d'aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésion oculaire grave
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage The Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test method is an in vitro test method that can be used to classify substances as causing serious eye damagae (UN GHS Category 1) or as not requiring classification (UN GHS No catgory). The ICE method uses eyes collected from chickens obtained from slaughterhouses where they are killed for human consumption, thus eliminating the need for laboratory animals. The eye is enucleated and mounted in an eye holder with the cornea positioned horizontally. The test substance and negative/positive controls are applied to the cornea. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured by a qualitative assessment of opacity, a qualitative assessment of damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention, a quantitative measurement of increased thickness (swelling), and a qualitative evaluation of macroscopic morphological damage to the surface. The endpoints are evaluated separately to generate an ICE class for each endpoint, which are then combined to generate an Irritancy Classification for each test substance. Optionally, histopathology of the eye can be evaluated to improve the predictivity of the test for chemicals causing serious eye damage.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431 ; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin corrosion, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin corrosion is defined as the production of irreversible tissue damage, manifested as visible necrosis of the skin, according to the definition of the Globally Harmonised System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure allowing the identification of non-corrosive and corrosive substances and mixtures, based on three-dimensional human skin model which reliably reproduces histological, morphological, biochemical, and physiological properties of the upper layers of human skin, including a functional stratum corneum. The procedure on reconstituted human epidermis is based on the principle that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (or exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure time. Cell viability is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. Corrosive substances are evidenced by their capacity to reduce cell viability below the defined threshold. Several validated methods are referenced in the Test Guideline and follow the procedure described above. Some of the methods referenced allow sub-categorisation among corrosive chemicals. This Test Guideline also includes a set of Performance Standards (PS) for the assessment of similar and modified TER-based test methods.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282105955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (235 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Many jurisdictions around the world are trying to retain or increase the share of cycling in urban traffic in order to benefit from the many health and transport efficiency benefits. Safety is a key concern and should be accounted for in these policies. This report of the International Transport Forum's Cycling Safety Working Group monitors international trends in cycling, safety and policy, and explores options that may help decision makers design safe environments for cycling. Key messages relate to strategic goal-setting for cycling policy and managing crash risks while increasing health benefits. The report also discusses how to better capture crash and bicycle usage statistics. The safety impacts of a wide range of pro-cycling measures are examined in detail.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy ; India
    Abstract: This roadmap outlines emissions reduction potential from all technologies that can be implemented in the Indian cement industry. Taking into account the specificities of the Indian context, markets and opportunities, this roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the Indian cement industry to support the global goal of halving CO 2 emissions by 2050.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'action pour l'investissement agricole au Burkina Faso
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy framework for investment in agriculture in Burkina Faso
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Investitionspolitik ; Burkina Faso ; Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Burkina Faso ; Burkina Faso
    Abstract: Burkina Faso is the first country to apply the OECD Policy Framework for Investment in Agriculture to assess its policies to attract and benefit from investment in the sector. This whole-of-government assessment involved 17 Ministries and institutions, as well as the private sector, and has identified short- to medium-term measures to improve and strengthen the country's capacity for policy design.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 122 ; Détermination du pH, de l'acidité et de l'alcalinité
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the procedure for the electronic determination of pH of an undiluted aqueous solution or dispersion, the pH of a dilution of a solution or dispersion in water, or the pH of a chemical diluted to end-use concentration. It also describes procedures to determine acid reserve or alkali reserve for a chemical that is acidic or alkaline with either strong or weak acid or alkali. The pH of an aqueous solution or dispersion in water is determined with a pH-meter equipped with an appropriate electrode system. The acidity or alkalinity of a solution or dispersion in water is determined by titration with standard acid or alkali using electrometric endpoint detection.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Costa Rica ; Finance and Investment ; Costa Rica ; Costa Rica ; Investitionspolitik ; Auslandsinvestition
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of investment policy in Costa Rica. After an overview of the country, the review examines investment policy, investment promotion and facilitation as well as infrastructure in Costa Rica.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Sweden is the second in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that Swedish policy makers recognise the need to take steps to tackle mental ill-health and its labour market implications, but that a more comprehensive reform effort and a long-term commitment to it is needed in order to prevent problems from arising in the first place and respond more effectively when they do occur.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio de la OCDE sobre la política regulatoria en Colombia ; Más allá de la simplificación administrativa
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Colombia
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Industriepolitik ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Prudent macroeconomic management and recent structural reforms have helped Colombia weather the recent financial crisis remarkably well. The Government of Colombia has placed particular emphasis on simplifying formalities affecting business and citizens. In addition, a number of initiatives have been launched to make the administration more transparent and accountable vis-à-vis citizens. However, after several years in place, this approach needs to be re-shaped , in order to go deeper into the legal background of regulations. Colombia still lacks a whole-of-government policy for regulatory quality and needs to rethink the institutional set up to implement different regulatory tools in a coherent manner. It also requires the adoption of a systemic approach to challenge the reasons for and the logic behind formalities (trámites) and, most importantly, regulations. Furthermore, as in many other countries, the development and application of a comprehensive regulatory governance approach for sub-national governments and multi-level co-ordination are pending issues.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264200500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International regulatory co-operation ; 2: Canada-US co-operation, EU energy regulation, risk assessment and banking supervision
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; EU-Energiepolitik ; Bankenaufsicht ; Kanada ; USA ; EU-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance
    Abstract: The world is becoming increasingly global. This raises important challenges for regulatory processes which still largely emanate from domestic jurisdictions. In order to eliminate unnecessary regulatory divergences and to address the global challenges pertaining to systemic risks, the environment, and human health and safety, governments increasingly seek to better articulate regulations across borders and to ensure greater enforcement of rules. But, surprisingly, the gains that can be achieved through greater co-ordination of rules and their application across jurisdictions remain largely under-analysed. This volume complements the stocktaking report on International Regulatory Co-operation: Rules for a Global World by providing evidence on regulatory co-operation in the framework of the Canada-U.S. Regulatory Cooperation Council, as part of EU energy regulation, under the Global Risk Assessment Dialogue, and in the area of prudential regulation of banks. The four case studies provided in this volume follow the same outline to allow for comparison.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264179080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Waiting time policies in the health sector
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Wartezeit ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Over the past decade, many OECD countries have introduced new policies to tackle excessive waiting times for elective surgery with some success. However, in the wake of the recent economic downturn and severe pressures on public budgets, waiting times times may rise again, and it is important to understand which policies work. In addition, the European Union has introduced new regulations to allow patients to seek care in other member states, if there are long delays in treatment. This book provides a framework to understand why there are waiting lists for elective surgery in some OECD countries and not in others. It also describes how waiting times are measured in OECD countries, which differ widely, and makes recommendations for best practice. Finally, it reviews different policy approaches to tackling excessive waiting times. Some countries have introduced guarantees to patients that they will not wait too long for treatment. These policies work only if they are accompanied by sanctions on health providers to ensure the guarantee is met or if they allow greater choice of health-care providers including the private sector. Many countries have also introduced policies to expand supply of surgical services, but these policies have generally not succeeded in the long-term in bringing down waiting times. Given the increasing demand for elective surgery, some countries have experimented with policies to improve priorisation of who is entitled to elective surgery. These policies are promising, but difficult to implement.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Every four years, each of the 24 members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) with the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Development Programme as observers is scrutinised by its peers in the Committee. Five different member countries are peer reviewed each year.This report assesses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of Korea meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations. There are no sanctions if the country fails to take the recommendations on board. The exercise is meant to encourage positive change, support mutual learning and raise the overall effectiveness of aid throughout the donor community.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264205901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; South Africa
    Abstract: This report includes revised Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of South Africa, now updated with ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264207547
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Co-operative Compliance; A Framework; From Enhanced Relationship to Co-operative Compliance
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: El presente informe se ha elaborado con el fin de pasar revista a los avances en la aplicación del concepto de “cumplimiento cooperativo” y los cambios que han sucedido en el mundo de la empresa y el entorno económico en los cinco años transcurridos desde que el Foro de Administración Tributaria publicó el “Estudio sobre el papel de los intermediarios fiscales” (Study into the Role of Tax Intermediaries). El presente informe analiza las experiencias pasadas y presentes y se centra en la evaluación del enfoque del cumplimiento cooperativo y en la forma en que las administraciones tributarias evalúan su contribución a la consecución de resultados en materia de cumplimiento fiscal.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264202597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Bermuda
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review for Bermuda, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264191891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Portugal ; Taxation ; Portugal
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202436
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2011 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida OCSE destinate alle Imprese Multinazionali 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La presente edición 2011 de las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales compromete 42 países a nuevas y más estrictas normas de conducta empresarial. Las Directrices actualizadas incluyen nuevas recomendaciones sobre el abuso de los derechos humanos y responsabilidad empresarial de su cadena de suministro, siendo estas el primer acuerdo intergubernamental en este rubro.Las Directrices establecen, por ejemplo, que las empresas deben respetar los derechos humanos en cada uno de los países en los que tienen operaciones. Las empresas deben también respetar las normas ambientales y laborales, y contar con la debida diligencia de procesos que aseguren que se cumplan. Estas incluyen cuestiones como el pago de salarios decentes, lucha contra la corrupción, las peticiones de soborno y la extorsión, y la promoción del consumo sustentable.Las Directrices son un código de conducta amplio, no vinculatorio que los países miembros de la OCDE y otros adherentes han acordado para promover el sector empresarial. Se ha establecido también un nuevo proceso de mediación más estricto para atender quejas.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264206137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Hong Kong, China
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for Hong Kong, China. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204799
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Gesundheitsfürsorge ; Qualität ; Qualitätssicherung
    Abstract: This report reviews the quality of health care in Sweden. It begins by providing an overview of the range of policies and practices aimed at supporting quality of care in Sweden (Chapter 1). It then focuses on three key areas particularly relevant to elderly populations: strengthening primary care in Sweden (Chapter 2), better assurance for quality in long-term care (Chapter 3), and improving care after hip fracture and stroke (Chapter 4). In examining these areas, this report highlights best practices and provides recommendations to improve the quality of care in Sweden.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264202832
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales ; Rapport d'examen par les pairs ; Monaco 2013 ; Phase 2 ; mise en œuvre pratique des normes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Monaco
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review for Monaco, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Value for money in government
    Keywords: Regierung ; Neues Steuerungsmodell ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Neues Steuerungsmodell
    Abstract: This report presents the results of the assessment of the organisation of the central government of Norway. The study looks at reforms that are aimed at improving the quality of services (more value) and efficiency (less money) in central government. Starting with facts and quantitative benchmarks on the Norwegian central government, the study reviews recent reforms in Norway, and makes recommendations in ten selected areas. The study concludes with a survey of the effects on the quality of services and the potential savings.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264205826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Mauritius
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of Mauritius, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264191822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Belize ; Taxation ; Belize
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264205628
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales Rapport d'examen par les pairs ; France 2013 ; Phase 1 Phase 2, avec les notations de Phase 2
    Keywords: Taxation ; France
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews for France, incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels 2013
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Fossile Energie ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; OECD ; Energiepolitik ; Steuervergünstigung
    Abstract: This Inventory is concerned with direct budgetary transfers and tax expenditures that relate to fossil fuels, regardless of their impact or of the purpose for which the measures were first put in place. It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. For each of the 34 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. The transfers associated with these measures are reported for recent years using the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) as organising frameworks. These frameworks have already been used extensively by the OECD, most notably in respect of agriculture. The Inventory covers a wide range of measures that provide a benefit or preference for a particular activity or a particular product, either in absolute terms or relative to other activities or products, against a specified baseline. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country’s tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201262
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter contre l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung - Situationsbeschreibung und Lösungsansätze
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lucha contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combate à Erosão da Base Tributária e à Transferência de Lucros
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264194830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD framework for statistics on the distribution of household income, consumption and wealth
    Keywords: Haushaltseinkommen ; Privater Haushalt ; Konsum ; Lebensstandard ; Vermögen ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Haushalt ; Einkommen ; Lebensstandard ; Verbrauch ; Datenerhebung
    Abstract: This publication presents an internationally agreed framework to support the joint analysis of micro-level statistics on household income, consumption and wealth. Its aim is to extend the existing international frameworks for measuring household income and consumption at the micro level to include wealth, and describes income, consumption and wealth as three separate but interrelated dimensions of people’s economic well-being. The framework, prepared by an international expert group working under the auspices of the OECD, is intended to assist national statistical offices and other data producers to develop data sets at the household level that are suitable for integrated analysis, and for facilitating comparisons between countries. The Framework is widely applicable, with relevance to countries that are at different stages of statistical development, that have different statistical infrastructures, and that operate in different economic and social environments.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264205543
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Canada
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews of Canada, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les compétences 2013 ; Premiers résultats de l'Evaluation des compétences des adultes
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium des indicateurs agro-environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD compendium of agri-environmental indicators
    Keywords: Ökologischer Landbau ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Industriestaaten ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Geschichte 1990-2010
    Abstract: Agriculture can have significant impacts on the environment as it uses on average over 40% of water and land resources in OECD countries. The impacts occur on and off farm, including both pollution and degradation of soil, water and air. But agriculture also supplies ecosystem services, such as biodiversity, provides a sink for greenhouse gases, and contributes to flood control and the aesthetic value of landscapes. This compendium updates the data issued in Environmental Performance of Agriculture at a Glance and provides comprehensive data and analysis on the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990, covering soil, water, air and biodiversity and looking at recent policy developments in all 34 OECD countries.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185128
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluaciones de la OCDE sobre el desempeño ambiental; México 2013
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental du Mexique. Il évalue les progrès vers le développement durable et la croissance verte et met l'accent sur les politiques relatives au changement climatique, à la conservation de la biodiversité et des forêts.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264202610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Brazil
    Abstract: This report contains a “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review for Brazil, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264168916
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rebuilding Fisheries; The Way Forward
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Partout dans le monde, de nombreuses zones sont affectées par la surpêche, une faible productivité et une rentabilité insuffisante. Les redresser entraînerait pourtant des avantages considérables. Ce rapport analyse les défis et les grandes questions auxquels doivent faire face les gouvernements lorsqu'ils élaborent et mettent en œuvre des initiatives visant à redresser les pêcheries. Il porte essentiellement sur les questions économiques et institutionnelles et s'appuie sur des données provenant des pêcheries des pays de l’OCDE.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264189904
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (415 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD transzferár irányelvek a multinacionális vállalkozások es az adóhatóságok számára - 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali forniscono orientamenti sull'applicazione del "principio di libera concorrenza", che è il principio riconosciuto a livello internazionale sul quale si basa il regime del transfer pricing, cioè la valutazione, a fini fiscali, delle transazioni transfrontaliere tra imprese associate. In un'economia globale nella quale le imprese multinazionali hanno un ruolo significativo, il regime dei prezzi di trasferimento assume un'importanza prioritaria sia per le amministrazioni fiscali sia per i contribuenti. Gli Stati devono assicurarsi che gli utili imponibili delle multinazionali non siano artificialmente trasferiti in un altro Paese e che la base imponibile dichiarata dalle multinazionali nei loro rispettivi Paesi corrisponda alla loro attività economica reale. È essenziale, inoltre, che i contribuenti vedano ridotti i rischi di doppia imposizione economica legati a un contenzioso tra due Paesi sulla determinazione della remunerazione a valori di mercato delle transazioni transfrontaliere con imprese associate. La versione originale delle Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento è stata approvata dal Consiglio dell'OCSE nel 1995. Le Linee Guida sono poi state parzialmente aggiornate nel 2009, in primo luogo per integrare le modifiche introdotte nel 2008 al Modello di Convenzione fiscale OCSE riguardanti il nuovo paragrafo 5 dell'articolo 25 in materia di arbitrato e il commentario dell'articolo 25 sull'uso della procedura amichevole per risolvere le controversie tributarie internazionali. Nell'edizione del 2010 sono state apportate notevoli revisioni ai capitoli I, II e III, introducendo nuovi orientamenti sulla scelta del metodo più appropriato alle circostanze del caso per la determinazione dei prezzi di trasferimento, sull'applicazione pratica dei metodi basati sull'utile delle transazioni (il metodo del margine netto della transazione e il metodo di ripartizione dell'utile) e sulla performance dell'analisi di comparabilità. È stato inoltre aggiunto un nuovo capitolo IX che presenta gli aspetti delle riorganizzazioni aziendali relativi ai prezzi di trasferimento. Notevoli cambiamenti sono stati anche apportati in tutti gli altri capitoli delle Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264206199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Seychelles
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for the Seychelles. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201378
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Providing Agri-environmental Public Goods through Collective Action
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: La fourniture de biens publics agro-environnementaux par l’action collective passe en revue l’expérience de plusieurs pays Membres de l’OCDE dans le but d’analyser comment l’action collective peut être efficace pour promouvoir la fourniture de biens publics agroenvironnementaux, tels que la biodiversité et les paysages. L’étude porte sur vingt-cinq cas dans 13 pays (Australie, Belgique, Canada, Finlande, France, Allemagne, Italie, Japon, Pays-Bas, Nouvelle-Zélande, Espagne, Suède et Royaume-Uni). L’étude montre que l’action collective est une voie à envisager sérieusement pour traiter de nombreux problèmes liés à l’agriculture et aux ressources naturelles, et qu’elle devrait être expressément encouragée dans certaines situations.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264205840
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews for the Netherlands, now updated to include Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264206151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Jamaica
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for Jamaica. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264191846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Nauru ; Taxation ; Nauru
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264177581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax and development
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Taxation ; Development ; Steuerpolitik ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: Tax revenues provide governments with funds to invest in development, relieve poverty, deliver public services and build the physical and social infrastructure for long-term growth. Moreover, there are mutually beneficial links between taxation and good governance. Tax and Development: Aid Modalities for Strengthening Tax Systems highlights how taxation can have a positive effect on the quality of governance and a government’s relationship with citizens and, in turn, how good governance can have a positive effect on compliance and revenue mobilisation. How can international assistance providers, including OECD members, international and regional organisations, support the development of tax systems in developing countries? Tax and Development: Aid Modalities for Strengthening Tax Systems provides practical guidance for policy makers and practitioners based on the results of an extensive literature review, a survey of aid agency officials and six country case studies (Ghana, Guatemala, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, and Tanzania). It examines the aid instruments that donors use to assist developing countries including general and sector budget support, basket financing, stand-alone bilateral aid and funding South-South organisations. The strengths and weaknesses of each modality for supporting tax systems are identified, and some 50 recommendations to support the development of effective, efficient and growth-oriented tax systems in developing countries are provided.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264202573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Austria
    Abstract: This report contains a “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review for Austria, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The internet economy on the rise
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Internetnutzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Electronic Commerce ; OECD
    Abstract: This publication reviews progress made since the 2008 OECD Seoul Declaration for the Future of the Internet Economy and identifies areas for future work. Seven themes are addressed in the work as follows: High-speed infrastructure Digital content and green ICTs The development of smarter applications Cybersecurity and privacy Consumer empowerment and protection An open Internet economy Global participation for development. Overall, the review shows that the Internet economy has now reached a point where it has become a new source of growth, with the potential to boost the whole economy, to foster innovation, competitiveness and user participation, and to contribute effectively to the prosperity of society as a whole.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264205444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Nigeria
    Abstract: This report presents the Phase 1 Global Forum Peer Review of Nigeria 2013. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greece; Reform of Social Welfare Programmes (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greece
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; Sozialreform ; Griechenland ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Sozialpolitik ; Sozialhilfe
    Abstract: This review provides an analytical perspective of the current situation, including the construction of a database, in order to help the Greek government define reforms to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and fairness of selected social programmes. The review identifies gaps and overlaps in social protection, and highlights areas where there is room for significant efficiency gains, in order to support informed and concrete decisions by the Greek government on where budgetary savings can most appropriately be made, taking into account the balance between societal groups and the need to maintain social cohesion.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regions and innovation
    Keywords: Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Grenzregion ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; Nordeuropa ; Irland ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Bericht ; Nordeuropa ; Technologiepolitik ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report examines cross-border collaboration on innovation, building on case studies of cross-border areas that include the following countries: Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, United Kingdom and Ireland.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Together for better outcomes
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Stakeholder ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Revenue bodies are increasingly focusing on improving their understanding of taxpayers and taking advantage of opportunities for collaboration where win-win situations exists. This is not least true for the large and heterogeneous SME segment, which in many countries has proven difficult and costly to administer with traditional approaches. This Forum on Tax Administration study provides inspiration and guidance to revenue bodies wishing to explore the potential for improving outcomes, reducing costs, improving services and generating other benefits by engaging and involving SME taxpayers and stakeholders. The study provides a conceptual framework illustrating the benefits and situating the approach in the context of public sector reform, technological developments and trends in compliance risk management. It further provides a comprehensive review of current and emerging practices across the areas of information and guidance, compliance risk management, and systemic solutions. Finally the study provides guidance to support successful implementation. The study finds that while revenue bodies have substantial experience to build on, there is also potential for more systematic, far-reaching and potentially transformative approaches. A key barrier in this regard is that performance metrics relying extensively on output measures channel resources and attention away from innovative approaches that work back from the desired ultimate outcomes.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264204263
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa; Engines of Development and Competitiveness?
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187597
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Santé mentale et emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mental Health and Work; Belgium
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, la gestion des problèmes de santé mentale dans la population d’âge actif devient un enjeu essentiel pour les politiques sociales et du marché du travail. Les gouvernements de ces pays sont de plus en plus nombreux à reconnaître que les pouvoirs publics ont un rôle important à jouer pour maintenir au travail les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux ou pour faciliter la réintégration de celles qui sont sorties du marché de l’emploi, ainsi que pour prévenir l’apparition de ce type de troubles. Ce rapport relatif à la Belgique est le premier d’une série de travaux analysant l’approche adoptée par différents pays de l’OCDE face aux défis plus larges, décrits dans la publication Mal-être au travail ? Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l’emploi (OCDE, 2012), auxquels sont confrontés les pouvoirs publics en matière d’éducation, de santé, de politique sociale et d’emploi. Sa conclusion est que la Belgique dispose déjà d’un système comportant de nombreux atouts structurels, qui ne sont cependant pas encore exploités de manière optimale.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264205789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Jersey
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 review for Jersey, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth in cities
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Ballungsraum ; Großstadt ; Ökologische Marktwirtschaft ; Einflussgröße ; Interesse ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtentwicklung ; Umweltqualität ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: This report synthesises the findings from six case studies of urban green growth policies, four at city level (Paris, Chicago, Stockholm, Kitakyushu) and two at the national level (China, Korea). It offers a definition of urban green growth and a framework for analysing how it might play out in different types of cities. It demonstrates the importance of urban policies for achieving national environmental policy goals and discusses the increased efficiency of policy intervention at the urban level. It identifies urban activities to reduce environmental impact that are most likely to contribute to the policy priorities of job creation, urban attractiveness, metro-regional supply of green products and services, and increased urban land values. It also provides guidance on addressing potential financing and governance challenges that may arise in pursuing urban green growth. Finally, the report offers a preliminary proposal for how green growth in cities could be measured.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264179608
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Restoring Public Finances, 2012 Update
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport offre un aperçu des stratégies d’assainissement budgétaire des pays membres de l’OCDE depuis l’année précédente, tant au niveau national qu’infranational. Il contient des notes nationales détaillées pour l’Allemagne, l’Australie, l’Autriche, la Belgique, le Canada, la Corée, le Danemark, l’Espagne, l'Estonie, les États-Unis, la Finlande, la France, la Grèce, la Hongrie, l’Irlande, l’Islande, l’Italie, le Japon, le Luxembourg, le Mexique, la Nouvelle-Zélande, les Pays-Bas, la Pologne, le Portugal, la République slovaque, la République tchèque, le Royaume-Uni, la Slovénie, la Suède, la Suisse et la Turquie. Ces notes présentent la situation budgétaire actuelle et les trajectoires annoncées, les plans d’assainissement ainsi que le détail des mesures portant sur les dépenses et les recettes.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264202634
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Virgin Islands, British
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review of the British Virgin Islands, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital Markets in Eurasia; Two Decades of Reform (Russian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report sets out the shared view of 12 Eurasian countries on priorities and recommendations to improve their corporate governance and spur capital market development and economic growth. It analyses the structure, experience and prospects for Eurasian capital markets, and makes recommendations to support the development of liquid and vibrant capital markets as a key ingredient for economic growth. It underlines the critical role that corporate governance can play to underpin such growth. It reviews and notes the region’s rapid economic growth during the last decade and the need for equity capital to complement bank financing to maintain sustainable economic growth in the future.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264128712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation in Southeast Asia
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Südostasien ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Southeast Asian (SEA) region is one of the most dynamic in the world. It is in a period of transition as its national economies become strongly integrated into global knowledge networks. Science and technology (S&T) offer opportunities for countries to ‘move up the value chain’. A better understanding of existing capabilities helps enhance mutually beneficial S&T and innovation co-operation between SEA and OECD countries. This review provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Southeast Asian countries’ capacity in S&T and innovation. A regional synthesis highlights current performance and intra- and extra-regional knowledge circulation, including flows between the Southeast Asian region and the established centres of knowledge production such as the EU, Japan and the United States. The country profiles describe the dynamics of national innovation systems and their relation to international knowledge flows, taking into account the wider framework conditions for innovation.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204591
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mexico; Key Issues and Policies
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Abstract: Durante la última década, el gobierno mexicano ha establecido un marco fuerte de política para promover las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) y el emprendimiento. Ha creado una serie de apoyos políticos que van desde el desarrollo de nuevos emprendedores, microempresas, PYMEs y empresas “gacela” al fomento de la asociación entre las PYMEs y las llamadas empresas “tractor”. Han sido creados también nuevos acuerdos de coordinación entre las secretarías de estado y los gobiernos estatales para aumentar la coherencia y la integración de sus programas. El informe estudia la situación de dicho progreso y evalúa las oportunidades para fortalecer más la economía mexicana mediante las PYMEs y el emprendimiento. Esto muestra que el marco de condiciones en México es bueno en general, y que ha mejorado en los años recientes gracias a reformas como la simplificación regulatoria, a la expansión del programa nacional de garantías, y a la inclusión del sector de microempresas como un objetivo del sistema de apoyo público. Al mismo tiempo, se puede hacer más aún para convertir a los emprendedores a negocios del sector formal y desarrollar más las empresas medianas para que sean capaces de innovar y comerciar internacionalmente. También existe margen para mejorar el proceso de elaboración de políticas de apoyo de más alta calidad y relevancia para las empresas beneficiarias al simplificar las reglas y operaciones del Fondo PYME, desarrollar las competencias profesionales de los empleados y consultores que proveen servicios de desarrollo a las empresas y usan la información, en el nivel de empresa, con el propósito de evaluación de política.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264205581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Denmark
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews for Denmark, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Employment Policy Papers no.3
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Social enterprises have gained importance in the policy debate in many European and non-European countries, as also demonstrated by the European Commission’s recent “Social Business Initiative”. This marks an important milestone for European policy makers and other stakeholders involved in promoting national and sub-national eco-systems for socially oriented business. Putting in place an enabling environment for social enterprises is critical if they are to fulfil their potential in contributing not only to the creation of jobs, but also to addressing wider social and economic needs, and to promoting more cohesive and inclusive societies.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192904
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: L’érosion de la base d’imposition constitue un risque sérieux pour les recettes, la souveraineté et l’équité fiscales pour de nombreux pays. S’il existe de nombreux phénomènes susceptibles d’entraîner une érosion des bases fiscales nationales, le transfert de bénéfices n’est pas l’un des moindres. Le présent rapport s’ouvre sur une description des études et des données publiquement accessibles concernant l’existence et l’ampleur de ce phénomène, il donne ensuite un aperçu des évolutions internationales qui ont un impact sur l’imposition des sociétés, et identifie les principes fondamentaux sur lesquels repose l’imposition des activités transnationales, ainsi que les possibilités d’érosion de la base d’imposition et de transfert de bénéfices auxquelles ils peuvent éventuellement donner lieu. Le rapport conclut que les règles actuelles permettent d’accroître la part des bénéfices associés à des montages juridiques et à des droits et obligations incorporels, et de transférer légalement les risques au sein des groupes, avec pour conséquence de réduire la part des bénéfices associés aux opérations substantielles. Le rapport recommande de développer un plan d’action pour s’attaquer de manière compréhensive au problème de l’érosion de la base d’imposition et du transfert de bénéfices.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193840
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2012 Supplement 1; Budgeting in Luxembourg; Analysis and recommendations
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187412
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Settlement, Market and Food Security
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: Selon les prévisions actuelles, la population de l'Afrique de l'Ouest devrait doubler d'ici 2050. Cette publication étudie comment les systèmes de production et les politiques agricoles devront changer pour soutenir cette croissance.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264191709
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264190764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: Since the IEA last reviewed Germany’s energy policies in 2007, the country has taken two fundamental policy decisions that will guide its energy policy in coming decades. In September 2010, the federal government adopted the Energy Concept, a comprehensive new strategy for a long-term integrated energy pathway to 2050. Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011, Germany decided to accelerate the phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 starting with the immediate closure of the eight oldest plants. This decision resulted in the adoption of a new suite of policy measures, determined renewable energy as the cornerstone of future energy supply, a set of policy instruments commonly known as the Energiewende. In order to achieve the ambitious energy transformation set out in the Energiewende, by 2030 half of all electricity supply will come from renewable energy sources; Germany must continue to develop cost-effective market-based approaches which will support the forecast growth of variable renewable generation. Furthermore, the costs and benefits need to be allocated in a fair and transparent way among all market participants, especially households. Renewable energy capacity must expand alongside the timely development of the transmission and distribution networks. In addition, a stable regulatory system is necessary to ensure long-term finance to network operators. Furthermore, close monitoring of Germany’s ability to meet electricity demand at peak times should continue in the medium term. Energy policy decisions in Germany inevitably have an impact beyond the country’s borders and must be taken within the context of a broader European energy policy framework and in close consultation with its neighbours. This review analyses the energy-policy challenges facing Germany and provides recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to help guide the country towards a more secure and sustainable energy future.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203716
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 236; Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai décrite dans la présente ligne directrice permet de déterminer la toxicité aigüe ou létale des produits chimiques chez le poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio) au stade embryonnaire. Les œufs de poisson-zèbre fraîchement fécondés sont exposés au produit chimique testé durant une période de 96 heures. Vingt embryons (un embryon par puits) sont exposés au produit chimique testé par niveau de concentration. L’essai compte cinq concentrations croissantes de produit chimique testé et un témoin. Toutes les 24 heures, quatre observations sont utilisées comme indicateurs de létalité et enregistrées : (i) la coagulation des œufs fécondés, (ii) l’absence de formation de somites, (iii) le non-détachement du bourgeon caudal dans le sac vitellin, (iv) l’absence de battements du cœur. À la fin de la période d’exposition, on détermine la toxicité aiguë ou létale (CL50) d’après le résultat positif obtenu en ce qui concerne l’une des quatre observations apicales notées, et l’on calcule la CL50. Le rapport d’étude inclut également un certain nombre d’informations relatives à la conduite de l’essai, dont la concentration d’oxygène dissous, le pH, la dureté totale, la température et la conductivité des solutions, les concentrations mesurées du produit chimique testé, et la réponse aux critères de validité de l’essai.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203693
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 122; Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit la méthode électrométrique de détermination du pH d’une solution ou dispersion aqueuse non diluée, d’une dilution de cette solution ou dispersion dans l’eau, ou d’un produit chimique dilué pour une utilisation finale. Elle détaille également les procédures à suivre pour établir le pouvoir tampon d’un produit chimique acide ou basique, à l’aide d’une base ou d’un acide fort ou faible. Le pH d’une solution ou dispersion aqueuse est déterminé à l’aide d’un pH-mètre équipé d’un système d’électrode approprié. L’acidité ou l’alcalinité d’une solution ou dispersion dans l’eau est établie par titrage avec une base ou un acide standard, avec détermination du pH par la méthode électrométrique.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264190375
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Getting It Right; Strategic Agenda for Reforms in Mexico
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: El Getting It Right constituye una de las herramientas más completas que ha diseñado la OCDE para ayudar a los países que inician una nueva administración. En esta publicación tratamos de concentrar el conocimiento multidisciplinario con el que cuenta la OCDE sobre México, enriquecido con la experiencia internacional y con la comparación basada en mejores prácticas. Además, este documento identifica las fortalezas y debilidades de la economía mexicana, a fin de apoyar el diseño, la promoción y la implementación de las políticas públicas clave para un mejor desempeño económico.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264203853
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437; Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai d’opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine (OPCB) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des produits chimiques (substances ou mélanges) parmi les substances causant des « lésions oculaires graves» (catégorie 1 du Système Général Harmonisé pour la Classification et l’Étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH)), ou pour identifier les produits chimiques non classés (ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésion oculaire grave selon le SGH). La méthode OPCB utilise des cornées isolées provenant d’yeux de bovins abattus à des fins commerciales, évitant ainsi l’utilisation d’animaux de laboratoire. Chaque groupe de traitement (substance d’essai et témoins négatifs et positifs) est composé de trois yeux au minimum, dont la cornée a été prélevée et placée dans la chambre d’un porte-cornée. En fonction des propriétés physico-chimiques du produit chimique testé, différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour l’appliquer, mais il est important que la substance recouvre bien la surface épithéliale. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir des mesures de son opacité et de sa perméabilité, qui une fois combinées, fournissent le score d’irritation in vivo (SIIV) pour chaque groupe de traitement. Un produit chimique qui induit un SIIV≥ 55.1 est classé en catégorie 1 (« provoquant des lésions oculaires graves » selon le SGH) ; un produit chimique qui induit un SIIV≤ 3 est considéré comme ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésion oculaire grave selon le SGH.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264203877
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 438; Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Méthode d'essai sur oeil de poulet isolé pour l'identification des produits chimiques i) provoquant des lésions oculaires graves et ii) ne relevant d'aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésion oculaire grave La méthode d’essai sur œil de poulet isolé (OPI) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des produits chimiques (substances ou mélanges) parmi les substances causant des « lésions oculaires graves» (catégorie 1 du Système Général Harmonisé pour la Classification et l’Étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH)), ou pour identifier les produits chimiques non classés (ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésion oculaire grave selon le SGH). La méthode OPI utilise des yeux prélevés sur des poulets provenant d’abattoirs, où ils sont tués à des fins de consommation humaine, évitant ainsi le recours à des animaux de laboratoire. L’œil est énucléé et placé sur un support d’œil, la cornée étant en position horizontale. La substance d’essai et les contrôles négatifs/positifs sont appliqués sur la cornée. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir d’une évaluation qualitative de son opacité, une évaluation qualitative de l’endommagement de l’épithélium sur la base de la rétention de fluorescéine, une mesure quantitative de l’augmentation de son épaisseur (gonflement), et une évaluation qualitative de l’endommagement morphologique macroscopique de la surface. Chacune de ces évaluations se traduit par un classement OPI, et la combinaison des classements correspondants fournit un classement d’irritation pour chaque produit chimique. L’histopathologie de l’œil peut être évaluée de façon optionnelle afin d’améliorer la prédictivité de la méthode d’essai pour les produits chimiques causant des lésions oculaires graves.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264203846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 ; Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification des produits chimiques i) provoquant des lésions oculaires graves ou ii) ne relevant d'aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésion oculaire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test method (BCOP) is an in vitro test method that can be used to identify chemicals (substances or mixtures) as either 1) causing “serious eye damage” (category 1 of the Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of chemicals (GHS)), or 2) not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage according to the GHS. The BCOP uses isolated corneas from the eyes of cattle slaughtered for commercial purposes, thus avoiding the use of laboratory animals. Each treatment group (test chemical, negative/positive controls) consists of a minimum of three eyes where the cornea has been excised and mounted to a holder. Depending on the physical nature and chemical characteristics of the test chemical, different methods can be used for its application since the critical factor is ensuring that the test chemical adequately covers the epithelial surface. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured as opacity and permeability, which when combined gives an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for each treatment group. A chemical that induces an IVIS ≥ 55.1 is defined as a category 1 (“causing serious eye damage” according to the GHS); a chemical that induces an IVIS≤ 3 is considered as not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage according to the GHS.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264203778
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Introduction to OECD Test Guidelines on Pesticide Residues Chemistry - Section 5 Part A
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais concernant la chimie des résidus de pesticides ont pour objectif d'évaluer l'exposition aux pesticides en identifiant leurs résidus dans les aliments pour l'homme ou les produits alimentaires destinés aux animaux, afin d'estimer les risques alimentaires et de fixer des limites maximales de résidus. Elles ont été mises au point à partir de lignes directrices utilisées depuis de nombreuses années dans les pays de l'OCDE et par l'organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture. La nature particulière de chaque étude, l'utilisation escomptée du pesticide, et les méthodes particulières nécessaires pour élucider la voie métabolique de chaque produit chimique interdisent de donner une description de la méthode d'essai aussi prescriptive qu'il est généralement exigé des autres Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais. Les études de résidus de pesticides sont complexes; il est impossible de spécifier par anticipation tous les paramètres dans les Lignes directrices, et chaque étude doit être élaborée individuellement. De ce fait, les Lignes directrices de la partie A de la section 5 comprennent des éléments qui diffèrent de ceux des autres sections (1-4) des Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264203815
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 430; In Vitro Skin Corrosion; Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Method (TER)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice porte sur le danger de corrosion cutanée pour la santé humaine faisant suite à une exposition avec un produit chimique. La corrosion cutanée désigne la survenue de lésions irréversibles de la peau qui se manifestent par une nécrose visible, selon la définition du Système Général Harmonisé pour la Classification et l’Étiquetage des produits chimiques. Cette Ligne directrice décrit une procédure in vitro permettant d’identifier les substances et mélanges corrosifs et non corrosifs, en s’appuyant sur la méthode d’essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET) pratiquée sur un épiderme de rat. Le produit chimique testé est appliqué sur des disques cutanés (au nombre de trois) pendant une durée n’excédant pas 24 heures. Les substances corrosives sont identifiées par leur capacité à produire une perte de l’intégrité du stratum corneum normal et de sa fonction de barrière, qui est mesurée par la réduction du RET au-dessous d'un seuil d'avertissement (5kΩ pour le rat). Une étape de coloration incorporée à la procédure d'essai permet de déterminer si l'augmentation de la perméabilité ionique est due à la destruction physique du stratum corneum. Cette Ligne directrice comprend également un ensemble de normes de performance pour l’évaluation de méthodes d’essai (RET) similaires ou modifiées.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264205048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: This report outlines international efforts to strengthen nuclear regulation, safety, research and radiological protection in the post-Fukushima context. It also highlights key messages and lessons learnt, notably as related to assurance of safety, shared responsibilities, human and organisational factors, defence-in-depth, stakeholder engagement, crisis communication and emergency preparedness.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264991934
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This fifth report on nuclear power plant operating experience from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System covering the 2009-2011 period highlights important lessons learnt and is based on a review of the approximately 245 event reports received from the participating countries over this period.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264903487
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This publication contains the Supplementary Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 Peer Review Report for the United Kingdom.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Mexiko ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Sonora is one of wealthiest states in Mexico and has made great strides in building its human capital and skills. How can Sonora turn the potential of its universities and technological institutions into an active asset for economic and social development? How can it improve the equity, quality and relevance of education at all levels? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for regional development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264205055
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Regulation
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: As manifested by an increasingly globalised media, a nuclear accident anywhere quickly becomes a potential concern for people everywhere. It is therefore of prime importance that nuclear regulators’ communication strategies take into consideration the expectations and concerns of the public and provide sound information not only for the people of the affected country, but also for citizens worldwide. Public trust is a key element in being able to do so effectively and of particular importance when there are consequences for people or the environment. International co-operation can play a fundamental role in helping to improve crisis communication on national and global scales in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. These proceedings contain the papers, recommendations and conclusions of the workshop, which was attended by over 180 experts from 27 countries and 6 international organisations.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers 2013, 02
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Mature tourism economies need to regain competitiveness as a new source of growth. Active policies require a good understanding of the determinants of competitiveness. This measurement framework includes a short list of core and additional indicators to guide governments in their analysis of tourism competitiveness and to inform tourism policy development. This framework is to be considered by countries as a toolkit and a guide. Pilot testing of the indicators will drive the work forward. The report was reviewed and approved by the OECD Tourism Committee on 10 April 2013.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 3
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: There are at least two policy regimes to be considered, one for environmental biotechnology, and another for industrial biotech. Environmental biotechnology is focused on biotechnologies for environmental clean-up, and much of the policy in this area is around compliance. Industrial biotechnology has quite different policy objectives and only started to grow as a field with the worldwide interest in biofuels. Much of the world now has targets for bioenergy and favourable policy regimes to stimulate production and use of biofuels, but sustainability is now a real issue for biofuels production. This should become an international theme as more countries start to adapt biofuels as part of their energy supply.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 6
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic and social impact of chronic brain disorders (CBD) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases will become the number one public-health problem worldwide, directly affecting 100 million people by 2050. On-going demographic trends, namely ageing populations worldwide, are leading to the unprecedented expansion of consumer demand for healthcare services. Healthcare systems worldwide soon will confront a serious crisis as a result of significant growth of the healthcare market, in a climate of shrinking resources.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 10
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores the development of the bioplastics sector and its role in national bioeconomy strategies. It finds that bioplastics are at a disadvantage compared to some other biobased products, notably biofuels, that often benefit from preferential treatment. It also notes that greater efforts are needed at the international level as regards standards to avoid creating barriers to international trade in bio-based products.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: SIGMA Country Assessment Reports no.2013/08
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Each year SIGMA produces assessment reports as a contribution to the EC’s annual reports on EU candidate countries and potential candidates, as well as to its programming of technical assistance. These reports assess progress made in public administration reform by our beneficiary countries. The report for Kosovo* analyses and takes stock of progress achieved by this country in 2013, with an aim to also provide inputs into its reform agenda. It focuses on policy making and co-ordination, public expenditure management, co-ordination, implementation and priorities of public administration reform, civil service, human resource management in the public sector and administrative law, and public procurement. *This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence.
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  • 91
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.29
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Do Immigrant Students' Reading Skills Depend on How Long they Have Been in their New Country?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE, les élèves immigrants de 15 ans arrivés récemment dans leur pays d’accueil sont moins performants en compréhension de l’écrit que leurs pairs arrivés dans leur nouveau pays avant l’âge de 5 ans. Les élèves qui ont émigré de pays moins développés dont la langue est différente de la langue d’instruction de leur pays d’accueil sont particulièrement exposés au risque de désavantage dû à une arrivée tardive en termes de performance en compréhension de l’écrit. Les élèves immigrants venant de pays dont le niveau de développement est similaire et la langue identique à ceux de leur pays d’accueil ne sont pas du tout exposés au risque de désavantage dû à une arrivée tardive.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: SIGMA Country Assessment Reports no.2013/14
    Keywords: Governance ; Albania
    Abstract: Each year SIGMA produces assessment reports as a contribution to the EC’s annual reports on EU candidate countries and potential candidates, as well as to its programming of technical assistance. These reports assess progress made in public administration reform by our beneficiary countries. The report for Albania analyses and takes stock of progress achieved by this country in 2013, with an aim to also provide inputs into its reform agenda. It focuses on administrative law and administrative justice, public expenditure management (financial management and control), internal audit, external audit, public procurement (including concessions), and regulatory management (legislative drafting process and related consultation processes).
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1041
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the Economic Situation of Young People in France
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics ; France
    Abstract: La situation économique des jeunes n'est pas satisfaisante. Les inégalités scolaires se sont accrues depuis plus d'une décennie, en raison d'une forte baisse des résultats des élèves les plus défavorisés. Le taux de chômage des 20-24 ans n'est pas passé en dessous de 16 % depuis près de 30 ans. Les jeunes français sont très pessimistes quant à l'avenir et expriment une grande méfiance vis-à-vis des institutions. Le filet social hésite entre autonomie et solidarité familiale, et est inéquitable car les jeunes qui sont au chômage et ne disposent pas d’un soutien familial solide financièrement se trouvent dans une situation précaire. La politique d’éducation prioritaire devrait réellement devenir une priorité et les dépenses d'éducation devraient être rationalisées de façon à drainer davantage de ressources vers l'enseignement primaire. Il est souhaitable d’amplifier l'autonomie des universités, de même que l'indépendance financière des jeunes. Le fonctionnement du marché du travail dont certaines caractéristiques pénalisent les nouveaux entrants doit être réformé et les services d’accompagnement des jeunes vers l'emploi améliorés. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la France 2013 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/France).
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2013/24
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Expanding airport capacity is difficult in large urban areas. Expansion of existing airports is usually constrained by community agreements on noise and local air pollution and by a shortage of land. Finding sufficient land, at feasible prices, to develop or relocate major airports on green-field sites within a reasonable distance of city centres is often very difficult. Creating land for airports in locations less sensitive to noise and land-use conflicts, for example through offshore or estuarine land reclamation, is expensive and most new sites will require extensive investments in surface transport links to city centres. Furthermore, moving an airport imposes costs on airlines and their users as well as on activities located close to and dependent on proximity to the existing one. In multi-airport regions, options for expansion at one airport will impact the others and airlines, operating in increasingly competitive markets, may respond differently to alternative ways in which the region’s airport capacity might be increased.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.97
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: This report explores the development of implementation strategies used to enhance the programme “Assessment for Learning – 2010-2014” in Norwegian schools. Norway’s educational governance is highly decentralised, with 428 municipalities and 19 counties responsible for implementing education activities, organising and operating school services, allocating resources and ensuring quality improvement and development of their schools. This case study is based on56 interviews with 98 key actors and stakeholders in the Norwegian education system, as well as analysis of key policy and legal documents and a range of media articles. Key findings include the importance of clear communication between governance levels and a high degree of trust between stakeholders; the need for a clear understanding of programme goals, the role of learning networks between schools to aid the exchange of knowledge and provide peer support during the implementation process. Innovative forms of capacity building were of particular importance for the smaller municipalities, who reported being overextended by the continual stream of policy changes and struggling with prioritising activities. The case study also provides a series of recommendations for improvement.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2013/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Mitigation pledges put forward by countries under the UNFCCC process are "made to measure" in that they are tailored to fit each country's individual circumstances. However, the pledges also need to be made to be measured so that we have a full understanding of how the various commitments add up to an aggregate global mitigation effort. The Kyoto Protocol provides the only existing international emissions accounting framework, but it applies only to developed countries with specific commitments. This paper assesses what would be required, in addition to existing reporting requirements, to build a robust emissions accounting framework under the UNFCCC applicable to a broad range of Parties. The paper first identifies necessary building blocks for an emissions accounting framework and assesses progress made in agreeing international reporting processes. It then looks in detail at the two most challenging areas for emissions accounting. The first area is accounting for flows of tradable units from market-based mechanisms, including international flows between linked domestic trading systems as well as from offset crediting mechanisms. The second area is accounting for emissions and removals from the forestry and land-use sectors, which have characteristics that make emissions accounting challenging: the need to distinguish anthropogenic emissions from natural variations, to deal with long time-frames and to measure sinks as well as sources of emissions. Finally, options are presented for how these issues might be taken forward in the negotiations, and how negotiators can build on recent progress made on reporting formats.
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  • 97
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.32
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Do Students Perform Better in Schools with Orderly Classrooms?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La plupart des élèves bénéficient d’un bon climat de discipline en classe durant leurs cours de la langue d’enseignement. Les élèves issus d’un milieu socio-économique défavorisé sont moins susceptibles que les élèves issus d’un milieu socio-économique favorisé de bénéficier d’un bon climat de discipline en classe. Un bon climat de discipline en classe – indépendamment du profil socio-économique global de l’établissement – est associé à un meilleur niveau de performance.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comment le profil des étudiants de l'enseignement supérieur évolue-t-il ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: More than 23 million students across the OECD and G20 countries will start their first universitylevel course in 2013. The new generation of students will be particularly diverse, with more adults and international students than ever. Entry rates have increased over the last decades but unequal access to university still persists, with entry rates reflecting the background of the students.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: SIGMA Public Procurement Briefs no.24
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The decision to exclude an economic operator from participation in a public procurement procedure is a serious one. The impact on the economic operator is potentially significant. The inappropriate exclusion of an economic operator can also adversely affect competition and have an impact on value-for-money outcomes for the contracting authority. SIGMA Brief 24 focuses on the issue of whether it is permitted under EU law to use an official automatic exclusion list for reasons related to prior contract performance, especially in the light of the newest judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union (case C 465/11). In the context of the Brief, the term “official automatic exclusion list” means a centrally administered and published list of economic operators that are excluded from tendering for public procurement contracts.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.101
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct measures of cognitive skills is mostly restricted to early-career workers in the United States. Analysis of the new PIAAC survey of adult skills over the full lifecycle in 22 countries shows that the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On average, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with an 18 percent wage increase among prime-age workers. But this masks considerable heterogeneity across countries. Eight countries, including all Nordic countries, have returns between 12 and 15 percent, while six are above 21 percent with the largest return being 28 percent in the United States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups. Intriguingly, returns to skills are systematically lower in countries with higher union density, stricter employment protection, and larger public-sector shares.
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