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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (822)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (822)
  • 1995-1999  (17)
  • 2014  (388)
  • 2013  (454)
  • Economics  (517)
  • Philosophy  (312)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns 〈engl.〉
    Keywords: Sociology ; Philosophy ; Rationalism ; Social action ; Communication ; Philosophy ; Functionalism ; Kommunikatives Handeln
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns 〈engl.〉
    RVK:
    Keywords: Soziales Handeln ; Interaktion ; Kommunikation ; Gesellschaftstheorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Sociology ; Philosophy ; Rationalism ; Social action ; Communication ; Philosophy ; Functionalism ; Kommunikatives Handeln
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  • 3
    ISBN: 0415222400 , 0415222419 , 0415222427 , 0415222435 , 0415222443
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Keywords: Spieltheorie ; Verhandlungstheorie ; Nash-Gleichgewicht ; Auktionstheorie ; Makroökonomik ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Theorie ; Wiederholte Spiele ; Evolutionäre Spieltheorie ; Social sciences ; Mathematical models ; Economics ; Mathematical models ; Social sciences ; Methodology ; Economics ; Methodology ; Game theory ; Bibliografie
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 4
    Language: German , French , English
    Series Statement: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie [N.F.], ...
    Series Statement: Beiheft
    Keywords: Law Congresses ; Interpretation and construction ; Jurisprudence Congresses ; Law Congresses ; Philosophy
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  • 5
    ISBN: 0415153808
    Language: English
    DDC: 330.01
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Das Kapital
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    London [u.a.] : Routledge
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    Language: English
    Pages: 21 cm
    DDC: 301/.01
    Keywords: Sociology ; Philosophy ; Reflection (Philosophy)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Frankfurt/Main : Suhrkamp
    ISBN: 3518287753 , 9783518287750
    Language: German
    Pages: 18 cm
    Edition: [Taschenbuchausg.]
    Additional Information: Rezension Andersen, Heine [Rezension von: Habermas, Jürgen, Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns...] 1996
    Series Statement: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 1175
    Keywords: Sociology ; Communication ; Philosophy ; Rationalisation ; Sociology ; Philosophy ; Rationalism ; Social action ; Communication ; Philosophy ; Functionalism ; Kommunikatives Handeln
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    London [u.a.] : Routledge
    Language: English
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Critical theory ; Sociology ; Philosophy ; Political science ; Philosophy
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Series Statement: European perspectives
    Uniform Title: Le lieux de mémoire 〈engl.〉
    DDC: 944
    Keywords: France ; Civilization ; Philosophy ; Memory ; Symbolism ; National characteristics, French ; Nationalism ; France ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Frankreich ; Geschichte Anfänge-
    Note: Aus d. Franz. übers. - Revised and abridged translation of the original work in French , Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. [533]-612) and index
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9780691097978
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Bollingen series 43
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    Keywords: History ; Philosophy ; Early works to 1800 ; Civilization ; Early works to 1800 ; Islam ; Kultur ; Geschichtsphilosophie ; Geschichtstheorie ; Geschichtssoziologie ; Kultursoziologie
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  • 12
    ISBN: 3434460608
    Language: German
    Edition: [Ausg. in Schriftenreihe]
    Series Statement: Taschenbücher Syndikat/EVA ...
    Keywords: Ethnology ; Philosophy ; Ethnophilosophy ; Religion ; Occultism ; Parapsychology ; Irrationalism (Philosophy) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaft ; Irrationalismus ; Okkultismus ; Parapsychologie
    Note: ISBN, Zusatz zum Sachtitel u. Seriennr. wahrscheinlich vom Schuber
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  • 13
    Book
    Book
    Chicago, Ill. [u.a.] : Univ. of Chicago Press
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    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Temps et récit 〈engl.〉
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    Keywords: Riœur, Paul ; Temps et récit ; Narration (Rhetoric) ; Time in literature ; Mimesis in literature ; Plots (Drama, novel, etc.) ; History ; Philosophy ; Ricœur, Paul 1913-2005 Temps et récit
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  • 14
    ISBN: 3320007491
    Language: German
    Edition: Separatausgabe
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics ; Quelle ; Marx, Karl 1818-1883 Das Kapital
    Note: Ausgabe ist identisch mit Bd. 23 - 25 der Werke von Marx und Engels
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  • 15
    Book
    Book
    The Hague : Nijhoff
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica ...
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Methodology ; Social sciences ; Philosophy ; Social structure ; Phenomenology ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Phänomenologie
    Note: Später im Verl. Springer, Dordrecht [u.a.], erschienen
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  • 16
    Language: German
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Methodology ; Social sciences ; Philosophy ; Social structure ; Phenomenology
    Note: Erschienen: Bd. 1 - 3
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  • 17
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dietl, Clara-Erika, - 1996 Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik
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    Keywords: Recht / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Wirtschaft / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Politik / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Englisch / O.b. Wörterbücher, Fachausdrücke0 ; Law ; Dictionaries ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; Political ; Dictionaries ; English ; Dictionaries ; German ; Law ; Dictionaries ; German ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; German ; Political ; Dictionaries ; German ; German ; Dictionaries ; English ; Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch ; Recht ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Politik ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Wirtschaft ; Englisch ; Recht ; Wirtschaft ; Politik
    Note: Teil 1, 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Erdsiek, Gerhard: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teil 2, 5. Aufl. mit dem Zusatz: Mit Kommentaren in deutscher und englischer Sprache , 1. - 7. Aufl , Ab 2002 parallele CD-ROM-Ausg. u.d.T.: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teilw. außerdem im Bender-Verl., New York, erschienen
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  • 18
    ISBN: 3518097180 , 9783518097182
    Language: German
    Pages: 18 cm
    Series Statement: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft ...
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831
    Note: Register mit dem Zusatz zum Sacht.: in 20 Bänden
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  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp
    Language: German
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sociology ; Philosophy ; Philosophie ; Kritische Theorie
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  • 20
    Book
    Book
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck
    Language: German
    DDC: 192
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994 ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994
    Note: Teilw. aus dem Engl. übers.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 0226257703 , 9780226257709
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 344 Seiten , 23 cm
    Uniform Title: Mal faire, dire vrai
    DDC: 340/.114
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    Keywords: Justice ; Truth ; Confession (Law) ; Law Philosophy ; Truthfulness and falsehood ; Philosophy ; Confession ; Philosophy ; Justice ; Philosophy ; Gerechtigkeit ; Wahrheit ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Rechtssoziologie
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  • 22
    ISBN: 0415500141 , 9780415500142
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIV, 230 S. , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Routledge studies in the history of economics 162
    Series Statement: Routledge studies in the history of economics
    DDC: 330.0951
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; China ; Economics History ; Economics ; China ; History ; To 1500 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Politisches Denken ; Geschichte
    Note: Enth. 12 Beitr
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  • 23
    ISBN: 192186771X , 9781921867712
    Language: English
    Pages: xxii, 729 Seiten , 24 cm
    Edition: Second edition
    DDC: 199.94
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy History ; Philosophy, New Zealand ; Philosophy History ; Philosophy, Modern 20th century ; Philosophy ; Wörterbuch ; Australien ; Neuseeland ; Philosophie ; Geschichte 1945-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9780745680125
    Language: English , French
    Pages: 155 S.
    Uniform Title: Homo economicus 〈engl.〉
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    RVK:
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    Keywords: Economic man ; Economics ; Economic history ; Happiness Economic aspects ; Wirtschaftsethik
    Note: Aus dem Franz. übers , Aus dem Franz. übers.
    URL: Cover
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  • 25
    ISBN: 1409455262 , 9781409455264 , 9781138637689
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 257 S.
    Series Statement: Juris diversitas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Concepts of law
    DDC: 340/.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Legal polycentricity ; Law Philosophy ; Comparative law ; Law ; Philosophy ; Sociological jurisprudence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Pluralismus ; Recht ; Rechtswissenschaft
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London, England : Pluto Press
    ISBN: 9781783712069 , 1783712066
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (349 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: Revised and expanded edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hahnel, Robin ABCs of political economy : a modern approach
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / General ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Reference ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Economic Policy ; Economics ; Volkswirtschaftslehre ; Economics ; Volkswirtschaftslehre ; Politische Ökonomie ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Einführung ; Electronic books ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Politische Ökonomie ; Volkswirtschaftslehre
    Description / Table of Contents: "The ABCs of Political Economy is an accessible introduction to modern political economy. While informed by the work of Marx, Keyens, Veblen, Kalecki, Robinson, Minsky and other great political economists, the ABCs provides readers with essential tools needed to understand economic issues today from a modern perspective. Dispelling myths about financial liberalization, fiscal austerity, globalization and free markets, the ABCs offers a critical perspective on our present system and outlines clear alternatives for the future. This second edition applies the analytical tools developed to help readers understand the origins of the financial crisis of 2007, the ensuing Great Recession, and why government policies in Europe and North America over the past six years have failed to improve matters for the majority of their citizens. The second edition also applies tools developed to explain what is causing climate change and what will be required if it is to be resolved effectively and fairly"--Publisher's description
    Note: Includes index , Online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 20, 2014)
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bern : Springer Nature
    ISBN: 9781137405500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (229 p.)
    Keywords: Literary theory ; Cultural studies ; Philosophy ; Philosophy of language ; Literary studies: from c 1900 - ; Fiction & related items
    Abstract: Pynchon and Philosophy radically reworks our readings of Thomas Pynchon alongside the theoretical perspectives of Wittgenstein, Foucault and Adorno. Rigorous yet readable, Pynchon and Philosophy seeks to recover philosophical readings of Pynchon that work harmoniously, rather than antagonistically, resulting in a wholly fresh approach. Dr. Martin Paul Eve is a lecturer in literature at the University of Lincoln, UK. In addition to editing the open access journal of Pynchon Studies, Orbit, he has work published or forthcoming in Textual Practise, Neo-Victorian Studies, C21, Pynchon Notes and several edited collections. This book was originally published with exclusive rights reserved by the Publisher in (2014) and was licensed as an open access publication in [SEPTEMBER 2021] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license if changes were made. This is an open access book
    Note: English
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9782271142283 , 9782271080004
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Series Statement: CNRS Philosophie
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Le « libre arbitre », cette capacité à choisir librement ou encore à déterminer notre propre volonté, semble menacé par les avancées de la psychologie et des neurosciences contemporaines. Or, certaines interrogations philosophiques doivent être résolues avant de tirer les conséquences de ces résultats empiriques : le déterminisme causal, qui est au fondement de toute démarche scientifique, est-il compatible avec la notion de libre arbitre ? Quel type de relation entretiennent l'esprit et le cerveau ? L'examen de ces problèmes fondamentaux constitue le préalable à l'interprétation des données issues des neurosciences, en particulier des expériences de Benjamin Libet qui ont semblé remettre en question l'efficacité causale de nos décisions conscientes. Par ailleurs, il est légitime de se demander si les limites de la conscience et le rapport qu'elle entretient avec les processus inconscients, qu'ils relèvent de l'Inconscient freudien ou de l' « inconscient cognitif » mis en lumière par les neurosciences, constituent un frein à l'exercice de notre liberté. Cet ouvrage esquisse une solution nouvelle à ces questions. Il montre comment la psychologie et les neurosciences, bien que menaçant la conception traditionnelle du libre arbitre, permettraient de concevoir en leur sein même une redéfinition de cette notion, envisagée comme une capacité relative et non plus absolue, nécessitant un apprentissage
    Note: French
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Besançon : Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté
    ISBN: 9782848677446 , 9782848674926
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: Annales littéraires
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Faut-il ne jamais mentir ? Devons-nous nous interdire le moindre mensonge alors même que cette rigueur morale rendrait bien pénible et bien incertaine la vie en société ? Qu'en est-il, à plus forte raison, si ce sont des assassins qui poursuivent un de nos amis ? Leur devons-nous la vérité ? Comment défendre une thèse aussi absurde ? On attribue souvent cette position morale trop rigoriste au kantisme pratique, et certes, il y a quelques raisons de le faire. Comment dès lors ne pas considérer que le kantisme pratique achoppe sur tous les cas tragiques que l'Histoire a fournis au cours des siècles, et en particulier au xxe siècle ? Le kantisme serait-il donc incapable de penser la complexité de notre monde contemporain ? C'est cette objection factuelle radicale que l'auteur a voulu prendre au sérieux. Cela demandait de repenser, à l'intérieur du kantisme, la possibilité de résoudre des situations dans lesquelles, de manière intuitive, nous aurions tendance à accepter le mensonge. C'est d'ailleurs l'objection que n'a pas manqué de faire à Kant, dès 1797, Benjamin Constant. En repartant de cette polémique, l'auteur fait fonctionner jusqu'à son point limite la position kantienne en morale pour montrer qu'elle est encore capable de nous servir à penser notre monde et qu'elle continue de répondre aux questions que nous nous posons
    Note: French
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires de Provence
    ISBN: 9791036561528 , 9782853999267
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: Épistémè
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Idipsum est une locution qu'Augustin utilise pour désigner Dieu. Elle signifie littéralement « cela même ». Ce minimalisme sémantique ne laisse pas de la rendre mystérieuse. Faut-il y voir un emprunt à certains textes bibliques qui déjà en font usage ? Dans ce cas, idipsum, tel un nom propre vide de toute signification, se bornerait à indiquer Dieu en tant qu'il échappe à toute définition rationnelle. Ou bien faut-il rattacher idipsum à la tradition platonicienne qui recourt à des locutions grecques similaires pour désigner la réalité intelligible qui est « elle-même en elle-même » ? Idipsum serait alors la trace d'un héritage philosophique conduisant Augustin à une définition métaphysique de Dieu comme Être absolu. Cependant, cette alternative entre origine biblique et tradition platonicienne néglige la diversité des usages philosophiques des locutions formées sur auto puis ipsum : elles expriment d'abord l'identité et le fait d'être soi, puis la réflexivité, au croisement des champs dialectique, pratique et ontologique. Cet ouvrage explore la façon dont ces aspects de l'identité se sont construits, du autos grec à l'idipsum latin, à travers des études portant sur Homère, Platon, Aristote, le stoïcisme, le néoplatonisme grec puis latin, Augustin
    Note: French
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires de Provence
    ISBN: 9791036561511 , 9782853999199
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Series Statement: Épistémè
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Les philosophies et les sciences humaines sont des fabriques de l'homme, selon le double sens du génitif. Elles sont fabriquées par des hommes, mais elles fabriquent aussi l'homme, en tant qu'elles véhiculent une représentation de ce qui le constitue et (ou) du rapport qu'il entretient avec ce qui n'est pas lui (nature, société). La construction d'un discours impose en effet une grille de lecture, un découpage et une articulation du réel. Aussi, en dépit de l'effort que l'on rencontre parfois pour élaborer des discours sans présupposé ontologique sur la nature humaine, une prise de position au sujet de l'homme semble en fait inévitable. Prendre par exemple pour point de vue celui de l'individu ou, au contraire, celui du tout social n'est pas neutre mais il s'agit déjà d'une façon de régler le rapport de l'un à l'autre. Et partir d'un homme ramené au statut d'agent rationnel visant à maximiser son profit est un choix massif qu'il convient d'analyser. Mais, s'il y a toujours, en philosophie morale et politique, ou dans les sciences humaines, des présupposés anthropologiques, on ne trouve pas forcément dans, ou à l'arrière-plan de tout discours sur les hommes, l'admission d'une essence générique de l'homme ; autrement dit, le présupposé peut être aussi de contestation. Quoi qu'il en soit, il faut mettre en évidence un personnage abstrait, parfois assumé, parfois caché et parfois contesté donc, mais toujours là à sa façon, à défaut d'être à chaque fois opératoire
    Note: French
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9782271142306 , 9782271081469
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (416 p.)
    Series Statement: CNRS Philosophie
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Politics & government
    Abstract: Les écrits de Michel Foucault sont stratifiés, hiérarchisés, entre les livres, les entretiens et les cours au Collège de France, mais ils sont surtout disséminés dans leurs usages. Désormais, et en plus de l'histoire des sciences et de la philosophie, les « effets » Foucault sont palpables sur la théorie de la littérature et du cinéma, l'histoire culturelle et sociale, les théories du genre, la pensée politique, les sciences de gestion... C'est dans ce chantier ouvert que se situe cet ouvrage. Il s'agit pour Jérôme Lamy, Jean-François Bert et leur équipe de spécialistes de resituer et d'analyser une pensée empruntant des questionnements à d'autres champs, de la psychologie à l'économie, de la science politique à la géographie, tout en ne se réclamant pas de ces sciences humaines et sociales. Pour comprendre la position de Foucault, les grands axes méthodologiques qu'il a parcourus sont retracés, telle l'archéologie, l'épistémè, la problématisation. Les concepts, des ouvrages maintenant classiques aux cours et à l'histoire de la sexualité, sont également revisités. Cette lecture critique des écrits et des usages de Foucault permet de le confronter aux analyses les plus récentes en sciences sociales, comme les postcolonial studies, ou de suivre les dialogues engagés (parfois à distance) avec des auteurs comme Norbert Elias, Michel de Certeau et Pierre Bourdieu. Un inventaire aussi rigoureux qu'éclairant
    Note: French
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9788867053551 , 9788867051588
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Series Statement: Di/Segni
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Marialuisa Bignami, cui questo volume è dedicato, è una tra le più illustri studiose dell'utopia letteraria in Italia. In dialogo con la sua opera critica, il volume discute origini ed esiti del concetto di utopia nel panorama letterario e sociale occidentale, in particolare anglosassone. La riflessione prende le mosse da un'elaborazione di stampo millenarista del pensiero utopico, per proseguire nell'indagine dei suoi esiti letterari tardorinascimentali, settecenteschi e anche coloniali; si approda infine alle utopie moderne, postmoderne e femministe del nostro tempo, senza tralasciare gli esiti dell'immaginario utopico nella cultura di massa. L'utopia, un po' come il romanticismo, sembra essere una necessità della cultura occidentale, una categoria dello spirito, che può essere reinterpretata, negata, persino vilipesa, ma non abbandonata. I percorsi attraverso le mutazioni spazio-temporali dell'utopia raccolti in questo volume sono ispirati ad approcci critici diversi e sono trasversali a più ambiti di ricerca; la ricchezza del dibattito invita a proseguire l'indagine sui volti molteplici del genere utopico, anche attraverso l'esplorazione di nuove interazioni e di nuovi linguaggi
    Note: Italian
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Éditions de la Sorbonne
    ISBN: 9791035107451 , 9782859447953
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (434 p.)
    Series Statement: La philosophie à l'œuvre
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Accusé par Burgh de considérer sa propre philosophie comme la meilleure de toutes, Spinoza rectifie : il sait seulement qu'est vraie celle qu'il comprend. Mais on ne trouvera chez lui ni réelle thématisation ni véritable définition de l'idée de philosophie, pas plus qu'un vaste programme de connaissances, comme s'appliquent à en dresser Bacon, Descartes ou Hobbes. Cet ouvrage enquête alors sur la présence, chez Spinoza, d'une conception précise, voire singulière, de l'idée de philosophie. Étudier les occurrences du terme « philosophie », la nature de la définition qui en est proposée, les raisons de passer du titre pressenti de Philosophie à celui d'Éthique, voilà qui produit autant d'indices d'une idée de philosophie comme praxis de distinction ou, selon l'expression d'Althusser, comme activité de tracer des lignes de démarcation. Mais l'ouvrage établit encore que la philosophie ne prend elle-même sens qu'en ce geste, c'est-à-dire par le biais de relations nécessaires avec ce qui a priori n'est pas elle : le vulgaire, l'ignorant, le théologien, le souverain ou même d'autres philosophes. L'idée de philosophie, en d'autres termes, s'autoproduit dans un système de rencontres singulières. En analyser les fruits permet alors de recomposer la nature de la « vraie philosophie » : une pratique de production d'idées et de leur communication. Mais se fait jour, en outre, comme un naturel philosophe, un effort s'éprouvant selon une réjouissance propre au « vrai philosophe », déjà sage en vertu de son mouvement, visant son perfectionnement et l'accroissement de sa puissance
    Note: French
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Éditions de la Sorbonne
    ISBN: 9791035107475 , 9782859447908
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Series Statement: La philosophie à l'œuvre
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Jeremy Bentham entend dépasser les théories du contrat social et développer une philosophie politique fondée exclusivement sur le principe d'utilité. Il considère en effet que le contrat social est une fiction et que « la saison de la fiction est désormais terminée ». Pourtant, le détour par la fiction est nécessaire pour introduire l'unité dans la multitude et instituer un peuple. Bentham affirme que les individus qui composent la multitude atteignent leur plus grande unité lorsqu'ils s'assemblent en un « tribunal de l'opinion publique ». Et, même si ses effets sont réels, ce tribunal est bel et bien une « entité fictive ». L'attitude de Bentham à l'égard des fictions est donc ambiguë. Elle nécessite de les définir rigoureusement et de déterminer leurs conditions de recevabilité. De ce point de vue, l'utilitarisme benthamien se réalise comme théorie des fictions. Il s'agit d'opposer au contrat social des fictions fondées sur le réel et qui permettent de l'organiser, en vue de promouvoir la fin fixée par le principe d'utilité : le plus grand bonheur du plus grand nombre
    Note: French
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Éditions de la Sorbonne
    ISBN: 9791035107482 , 9782859447854
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: La philosophie à l'œuvre
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Lire Camus au-delà de la « philosophie de l'absurde » et de l'image sartrienne d'un « moraliste » tourné contre l'histoire, c'est le projet de cet ouvrage qui revisite l'œuvre en éclairant ses soubassements immanentistes et sa critique radicale de la modernité. Son fil d'Ariane est une philosophie du corps déchiffrée à travers le récit de L'Étranger et les peintures du Christ de Piero della Francesca que Camus admire. Et ce sont alors les thèmes de la résurrection du corps et de la transfiguration qui permettent d'explorer les axes les plus prospectifs des textes dans les domaines de l'éthique, de la politique et de l'histoire. Ce livre montre qu'il y a encore, pour nous, aujourd'hui, dans l'expérience singulière et l'œuvre courageuse d'Albert Camus, de quoi penser et résister
    Note: French
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    Florence : Firenze University Press
    ISBN: 9788866555926 , 9788855189330 , 9788866555841 , 9788866555940
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: Lectio Magistralis
    Keywords: Sociology ; Economics
    Abstract: Over the past 30 years, all European countries have been affected by reorganization processes concerning their higher education systems. In this volume, two aspects of this type of reorganization are discussed: changes in governance models and differentiation processes within the various higher education systems. The new governance models of higher education systems are based on three pillars: autonomy, evaluation and competition. Everywhere, universities were managed in a more business-like fashion, strengthening the central leadership and reducing the power of the collective bodies. In Italy, autonomy has developed in a distorted way, and for a long time has not been accompanied by evaluation and competition. In addition to reforming governance, European governments have responded to the students' mass demand for university access with different backgrounds and ambitions, differentiating the higher education systems in the concerned countries. There was a first surge of differentiation in the 1960s and 1970s, and a second one took place in the late 1990s. Italy was an exception, and in this lies the origin of most of the problems of Italian universities, which the volume discusses while also offering possible solutions
    Note: Italian
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    Paris : CNRS Éditions
    ISBN: 9782271142269 , 9782271079206
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Series Statement: CNRS Philosophie
    Keywords: Philosophy ; History of religion
    Abstract: Avec L'Âge séculier (2007), Charles Taylor couronnait une œuvre consacrée à la genèse de la modernité et à la pensée du multiple. Il reconstituait la diversité des moments et des réflexions qui menèrent à un âge séculier, aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Mais loin de constituer une synthèse humaniste, laissant derrière lui l'âge théologique, celui-ci éclate à son tour aux XIXe et XXe siècles, par un « effet supernova » comme Taylor l'a joliment appelé, en une multitude de galaxies nouvelles, où les athéismes côtoient des humanismes déistes mais aussi des « retours de Dieu » surprenants d'expressivité. Ce sont les diverses facettes remarquables de cet Âge séculier que traitent les auteurs de ce livre : sa place dans l'œuvre de Taylor, sa théorie complexe de la sécularisation, certains de ses moments historiques, son intérêt - ou non - dans l'actualité des religions. Une confrontation à un maître ouvrage, qui contribue à forger des instruments de pensée permettant de dépasser le conflit entre laïcité intransigeante et « accommodements raisonnables »
    Note: French
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : Éditions de la Sorbonne
    ISBN: 9791035107499 , 9782859447748
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (436 p.)
    Series Statement: La philosophie à l'œuvre
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Hobbes est souvent perçu comme un philosophe indifférent à l'histoire. L'objet de ce livre consiste à réviser cette lecture en dégageant l'intérêt des rapports qu'entretiennent, en particulier dans le Léviathan, système philosophique et récit historique. Car il y a bien un « problème de l'histoire » chez Hobbes. L'histoire dans tous ses champs, civils et sacrés, antiques et modernes, narratifs et exégétiques, l'a occupé toute sa vie. Surtout, il a lesté le Léviathan de contenus historiques qui forment plus de la moitié de son volume. Mieux, vingt ans après son traité majeur, il s'est fait historien de la guerre civile anglaise, avec le Béhémoth. Il affirme pourtant, dans tous ses grands traités, que l'objet de la philosophie politique consiste à atteindre les principes anhistoriques de la souveraineté et de l'obéissance. Le présent ouvrage s'attache à défaire cette difficulté en montrant que s'il sépare méthodiquement système et récits, Hobbes les articule toujours dans l'unité de ses questions fondamentales
    Note: French
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires de Provence
    ISBN: 9791036561542 , 9782853999311
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: Épistémè
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Fichte a composé sa grande œuvre philosophique, la Doctrine de la science, de 1794/95 à 1814. Ce projet est d'une radicalité absolue: aller plus loin que le Kant de la Critique de la raison pure dans l'explication de la genèse conjointe de la conscience, du savoir et du monde objectif. Durant cette période, l'exposé de la Doctrine de la science a été repris pratiquement chaque année, afin de lui donner chaque fois une forme nouvelle qui permette d'en approfondir la compréhension, d'en clarifier les aspects obscurs et de lever les malentendus qu'elle avait pu susciter. La Doctrine de la science de 1813 est la dernière version qui, bien qu'inachevée à cause de la guerre, développe encore de façon approfondie un point de vue précieux tant par lui-même que pour l'éclairage qu'il apporte sur les versions précédentes. Elle fait de l'entendement le centre de la genèse du Moi et du monde phénoménal, en développant à partir de lui la théorie caractéristique du Fichte de la maturité qui fait de l'image la manifestation de l'Absolu. La traduction inédite de l'ouvrage proposé ici est accompagnée de six études de spécialistes internationaux de Fichte, visant à éclaircir le texte et proposant d'engager la réflexion sur cette ultime facette de l'œuvre du philosophe
    Note: French
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9782271128713 , 9782271076540
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Series Statement: CNRS Alpha
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: En 2008, le gouvernement français lance sa réforme de libéralisation des activités portuaires. Celle-ci impose la concession des terminaux au secteur privé et transforme profondément le rôle joué par les anciens ports autonomes dans leur territoire d'insertion. La France s'inscrit ainsi dans un processus de diffusion d'un modèle de gestion portuaire à l'échelle mondiale, initié dans l'Angleterre de Margaret Thatcher ou le Chili des Chicago boys dès le début des années 1980. Ce qui se joue sur les quais depuis trente ans s'inscrit dans un mouvement global de redéfinition du rôle des États dans les affaires économiques du monde. La réflexion proposée dans cet ouvrage est le fruit d'un travail d'enquêtes menées auprès des acteurs entrepreneuriaux et institutionnels, entre 2009 et 2012, dans une dizaine de ports du sud de l'Europe occidentale (France, Italie, Espagne). Cette analyse interdisciplinaire en sciences humaines et sociales propose un éclairage sur les grands principes politiques et économiques ayant conduit à ces transformations et s'interroge sur I évolution des conditions d'exercice des activités portuaires que 1ère libérale engage
    Note: French
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9783205795636
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (482 p.)
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: For Philosophical Theology in Transition is the Challenge of Fideism and Atheism very important, because they are both against a Ungodly God
    Abstract: Für Philosophische Theologie ist ein Umbruch nötig, weil fideistische und atheistische Philosophien, denen die Ablehnung eines ungöttlichen Gottes gemeinsam ist, sie in Frage stellen
    Note: German
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  • 43
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    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781782549758
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 269 p) , ill , cm
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Concerned markets
    DDC: 330.12/2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Marktmechanismus ; Alternative Ökonomie ; Nonprofit-Management ; Kommerzialisierung ; Capitalism ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: 'The insightful chapters collected here show that markets are a matter of concern because they can be spaces for making concerns matter.'--David Stark, Columbia University, US and author of The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life. 'Do those impersonal allocation mechanisms that we call markets even exist as such? Or should we drop this questionable euphemism if what we want is to address the political struggles and bureaucratic processes that control economic life? Readers interested in a measured approach to the subject matter will find a set of clues here. By considering markets as nodes of concerns, the works assembled in this volume guide us along a subtle path.'--Fabian Muniesa, Ecole des Mines de Paris, France. Concerned Markets tackles the intersection between markets and politics, investigating the very current issue of designing markets to include multiple values. When political, social, technological and economic interests, values, and perspectives interact, market order and performance become contentious issues of debate. Such 'hot' situations are becoming increasingly common and make for rich sites of research. With expert empirical contributions investigating the organization of such 'concerned' markets, this book is positioned at the centre of the rapidly growing area of interdisciplinary market studies. Markets investigated include those for palm oil, primary health care and functional foods. The authors also examine markets and environmental concerns as well as better market design for those at the bottom of the pyramid. Scholars, postgraduate and PhD level students in finance, economic sociology, marketing, organisation theory and economics will find this book essential reading. Policymakers and practitioners will benefit from the fresh insight into the design and maintenance of market systems
    Abstract: 1. Being concerned about markets / Susi Geiger ... [et al.] -- 2. Expressing concerns over the incentive as a public policy device / Guus Dix -- 3. Marketization by the (rule)book : concern for market and public values in primary care / Linus Johansson Krafve -- 4. Concerns and marketization : the case of sustainable palm oil / Simona D'Antone and Robert Spencer -- 5. Engaging diverging interests through pricing : the case of maize for bioenergy production in Germany / Jürgen Hauber and Chantal Ruppert-Winkel -- 6. Credible qualifications : the case of functional foods / Frank Azimont and Luis Araujo -- 7. Designing better markets for people at the bottom of the pyramid : bottom-up market design / Ronika Chakrabarti and Katy Mason -- 8. Articulating matters of concern in markets : (en)tangling goods, market agencies and overflows / Winfred Ikiring Onyas and Annmarie Ryan -- 9. Doing green : environmental concerns and the realization of green values in everyday food practices / Hans Kjellberg and Ingrid Stigzelius -- 10. Concerned markets : facing the future, beyond 'interested' and 'contested' markets / Franck Cochoy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9781783472093
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 375 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Asia and global production networks
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wertschöpfung ; Internationale Produktion ; Lieferkette ; Asien ; Commerce ; Economics ; Business enterprises ; Production (Economic theory) ; Industries ; Asia Commerce ; Electronic books ; Produktionswirtschaft ; Netzwerk
    Abstract: New measures have opened up insights into the extent and complexity of global production networks. The chapters in this timely book deploy new tools to understand how global value chains change the nature of global economic interdependence, and to assess how that in turn changes our understanding of policies in this new environment. -- The authors bring to bear a wide variety of methodological tools and data, and perspectives ranging from the firm-level micro economy to the global macro economy. The book has two broad themes. The first is national economies' heightened exposure to adverse shocks (natural disasters, political disputes, recessions) elsewhere in the world as a result of greater integration and interdependence. The second theme is focused on the evolution of global value chains at the firm level and how this will affect competitiveness in Asia. It also traces the past and future development of production sharing in Asia. -- Employing an array of the latest methods and data to study global value chains, the book will prove a valuable resource for international organizations and regional bodies who have an active interest in anything related to global supply chain analysis. Researchers, academics and students in the fields of international trade and economics will also find its assessment of the evolution of global value chains at the firm level, and how this affects competitiveness in Asia, to be an insightful guide.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9781781005798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 183 p) , ill
    Series Statement: New thinking in political economy series
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Entrepreneurial action, public policy, and economic outcomes
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Unternehmensgründung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Institutionenökonomik ; Economics ; Entrepreneurship ; Electronic books ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: 'This book addresses the central question in economic development: what institutions are conducive to productive entrepreneurship and wealth creation? By exploring the answer to this question from multiple perspectives, this volume is an invaluable resource both to scholars and policymakers concerned with human well-being.'--Christopher J. Coyne, George Mason University, US. 'Salvino, Tasto and Randolph have put together an impressive and important collection detailing public policy's influence on entrepreneurial outcomes. This book should be required reading for policy makers, who, let us hope, will heed its lessons well.'--Peter Leeson, George Mason University, US. Entrepreneurial Action, Public Policy, and Economic Outcomes examines the economics of entrepreneurship from the perspectives of productive versus unproductive entrepreneurial behavior and the role of institutions in economic outcomes. It seeks to advance the research on institutions by providing a simple framework to analyze the broader, long-term consequences of economic policies. The authors examine the relationship between economic freedom and economic outcomes and summarize empirical evidence and theory. Important topics of public debate are covered, and the economic rules of the game are carefully analyzed for clues to provide a better path toward prosperity. The book provides practical policy solutions that are based on the authors' cogent analyses which highlight the importance of institutions for economic outcomes. It also focuses specifically on the impact of public policy and provides concrete examples regarding the role of institutions. Providing a clear summary of the institutions and entrepreneurship research this comprehensive and timely book will be of great interest to anyone involved in public policy. It also offers a practical application for academic research and a rich bibliography of the scholarship and will therefore appeal to both graduate and undergraduate students
    Abstract: pt. I. The relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship -- pt. II. Institutions and entrepreneurship in practice
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781781004715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 556 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Elgar original reference
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A handbook of alternative theories of public economics
    DDC: 336
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Öffentliche Güter ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; Österreichische Schule ; Wohlfahrtsökonomik ; Neue politische Ökonomie ; Economics ; Finance, Public ; Electronic books ; Öffentliche Wirtschaft ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wissenschaft ; Methode
    Abstract: This comprehensive and thought-provoking Handbook reviews public sector economics from pluralist perspectives that either complement or reach beyond mainstream views. The book takes a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, drawing on economic elements in the fields of philosophy, sociology, psychology, history and law. The expert contributors present new methodological approaches across these disciplines in five distinct sections: 'Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations' compares and contrasts Austrians, Marxists, public choice theorists and Keynesians, 'Revisiting the Values' is concerned with justice, welfare, religions and civil rights, 'Beyond Rationalistic Rational Choice' includes chapters devoted to memory, information and group motivation, The final sections on 'Optimal Government and Government Failure' and 'Public Economics of Public Bads' deal with competition among governments, their suboptimal size, regulation, corruption, the informal economy, cognitive dissonance, rent seeking, the UN and criminal cycles. Academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics --particularly public sector economics and Austrian economics - and public policy will find this Handbook to be an invaluable reference tool.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9781783477630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 310 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial cycles and real economy
    DDC: 338.5/42094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konjunktur ; Finanzkrise ; Makroökonomik ; Wirtschaftsintegration ; Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Südosteuropa ; Ostmitteleuropa ; EU-Staaten ; Macroeconomics ; Business cycles ; Financial crises ; Economics ; Commerce ; Europe Economic policy ; Europe ; Electronic books
    Abstract: What is the link between the financial cycle - financial booms, followed by busts - and the real economy? What is the direction of this link and how salient is this connection? This unique book examines these fundamental questions and offers a paramount contribution to the debate surrounding the recent financial and economic crisis. With contributions from eminent academics and policy makers, this multi-disciplinary collection ascertains the policy challenges perpetuated by financial cycles in the real economy. Prominent macroeconomic models are challenged as experts question the nexus between financial deepening and growth, and assess the contribution of real estate bubbles to financial crises. Focusing on Europe, and in particular on Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, the collection provides country-specific accounts, suggesting policy initiatives for dealing with financial cycles. The book concludes that financial cycles are leading indicators for financial crises and calls for economists to integrate financial factors into macroeconomic modelling. The multi-faceted nature of this book will be invaluable to researchers and students interested in the post financial crisis debate. Policy makers and practitioners will find the expert insight into lessons learned in Europe in the wake of the financial crisis and the proposal for dynamic policy initiatives to be invaluable.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784713218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Path dependence and lock-in
    Keywords: Pfadabhängigkeit ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Allokation ; Theorie ; Economics Decision making ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Since their first emergence in the work of Paul David thirty years ago, the dual issues of Path Dependence and Lock-In have become critically important subjects in the fields of economics, sociology, and business strategy. Theoretical and public policy debates on these issues have arisen, addressing whether markets consistently choose the best products. This collection presents each side of the debate, bringing together key publications that initiated this literature with the later works that criticize or defend many of the early claims. Both the theoretical and empirical foundations of Path Dependence and Lock-In are examined along with the role of network effects. An original introduction by the editors is included to situate each article in its wider context
    Abstract: Paul Pierson (2000), 'Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics', American Political Science Review, 94 (2), June, 251-67 -- James Mahoney (2000), 'Path Dependence in Historical Sociology', Theory and Society, 29 (4), August, 507-48 -- Mark J. Roe (1996), 'Chaos and Evolution in Law and Economics', Harvard Law Review, 109 (3), January, 641-68
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Beeching, Wilfred (1974), A Century of the Typewriter, New York: St. Martin's Press -- Katz, Michael L. and Carl Shapiro (1985), "Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility", American Economic Review, 75(3), June, 424-40 -- Veblen, Thorstein (1915), Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution, London: The Macmillan Company -- Paul A. David (1985), 'Clio and the Economics of QWERTY', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 75 (2), May, 332-7 -- W. Brian Arthur (1989), 'Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events', Economic Journal, 99, March, 116-31 -- W. Brian Arthur (1990), 'Positive Feedbacks in the Economy', Scientific American, 262 (2), February, 92-5, 98-9 -- S.J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis (1990), 'The Fable of the Keys', Journal of Law and Economics, XXXIII (1), April, 1-25 -- S.J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis (1995), 'Path Dependence, Lock-In, and History', Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 11 (1), April, 205-26 -- Michael L. Katz and Carl Shapiro (1986), 'Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities', Journal of Political Economy, 94 (4), August, 822-41 -- Joseph Farrell and Garth Saloner (1985), 'Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation', Rand Journal of Economics, 16 (1), Spring, 70-83 -- S.J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis (1995), 'Are Network Externalities a New Source of Market Failure?', Research in Law and Economics, 17, 1-22 -- Va Nee L. Van Vleck (1997), 'Delivering Coal by Road and Rail in Britain: The Efficiency of the "Silly Little Bobtailed" Coal Wagons', Journal of Economic History, 57 (1), March,139-60 -- Peter Scott (1999), 'The Efficiency of Britain's "Silly Little Bobtailed" Coal Wagons: A Comment on Van Vleck', Journal of Economic History, 59 (4), December, 1072-80 -- Va Nee L. Van Vleck (1999), 'In Defense (Again) of "Silly Little Bobtailed" Coal Wagons: Reply to Peter Scott', Journal of Economic History, 59 (4), December,1081-4 -- Douglas J. Puffert (2000), 'The Standardization of Track Gauge on North American Railways, 1830-1890', Journal of Economic History, 60 (4), December, 933-60 -- Larry E. Ribstein and Bruce H. Kobayashi (2001), 'Choice of Form and Network Externalities', William and Mary Law Review, 43 (1), 79-140 -- Gary D. Libecap (2009), 'Second-degree Path Dependence: Information Costs, Political Objectives, and Inappropriate Small-farm Settlement of the North American Great Plains', in Lars Magnusson and Jan Ottosson (eds), Evolution of Path Dependence, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 43-69 -- Memorandum of Amici Curiae in Opposition to Proposed Final Judgment (1995), United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 94-1564, 1-34, amended -- Stan Liebowitz and Stephen Margolis (1995), 'Don't Handcuff Technology', Upside Magazine, September, 64-66, 68-70, 72-3
    Abstract: Stan J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis (1999), 'Using Software Markets to Test These Theories', in Winners, Losers and Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology, Chapter 7, Oakland, CA, USA: Independent Institute, 135-61, references -- Stan J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis (1999), 'Major Markets - Spreadsheets and Word Processors', in Winners, Losers and Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology, Chapter 8, Oakland, CA, USA: Independent Institute, 163-200, references -- Gerard J. Tellis, Eden Yin and Rakesh Niraj (2009), 'Does Quality Win? Network Effects Versus Quality in High-Tech Markets', Journal of Marketing Research, XLVI (2), April, 135-49 -- William H. Page (2010), 'Microsoft and the Limits of Antitrust', Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 6 (1), March, 33-50 -- Paul A. David (2001), 'Path Dependence, its Critics and the Quest for "Historical Economics"', in P. Garrouste and S. Ioannides (eds), Evolution and Path Dependence in Economic Ideas: Past and Present, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 15-40 -- Paul A. David (2007), 'Path Dependence: A Foundational Concept for Historical Social Science', Cliometrica, 1 (2), July, 91-114 -- Peter Lewin (2001), 'The Market Process and the Economics of QWERTY: Two Views', Review of Austrian Economics, 14 (1), March, 65-96 -- Stan J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis (2013), 'The Troubled Path of the Lock-In Movement', Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 9 (1), March, 125-52 -- Neil M. Kay (2013), 'Rerun the Tape of History and QWERTY Always Wins', Research Policy, 42 (6-7), July-August, 1175-85 -- W. Brian Arthur (2013), 'Comment on Neil Kay's Paper - "Rerun the Tape of History and QWERTY Always Wins"', Research Policy, 42 (6-7), July-August, 1186-7 -- Stephen E. Margolis (2013), 'A Tip of the Hat to Kay and QWERTY', Research Policy, 42 (6-7), July-August, 1188-90 -- Jean-Philippe Vergne (2013), 'QWERTY is Dead; Long Live Path Dependence', Research Policy, 42 (6-7), July-August, 1191-4 -- Neil M. Kay (2013), 'Rerun the Tape of History and QWERTY Always Wins: Response to Arthur, Margolis, and Vergne', Research Policy, 42 (6-7), July-August, 1195-6 -- Scott E. Page (2006), 'Path Dependence', Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 1, January, 87-115 -- Tanjim Hossain and John Morgan (2009), 'The Quest for QWERTY', American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 99 (2), May, 435-40 -- Tanjim Hossain, Dylan Minor and John Morgan (2011), 'Competing Matchmakers: An Experimental Analysis', Management Science, 57 (11), November, 1913-25 -- Gordon Tullock (1975), 'The Transitional Gains Trap', Bell Journal of Economics, 6 (2), Autumn, 671-8 -- Stephen Coate and Stephen Morris (1999), 'Policy Persistence', American Economic Review, 89 (5), December, 1327-36 -- Robin Cowan (1990), 'Nuclear Power Reactors: A Study in Technological Lock-in', Journal of Economic History, L (3), September, 541-67
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781781951934
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 179 pages)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    RVK:
    Keywords: Smith, Adam Influence ; Economic policy ; Economics History ; Economists ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Smith, Adam 1723-1790 ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Staat ; Rezeption ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: 'This important book presents a compelling case that traditional received theory (Paretian-utilitarian) has followed a dangerous path - one not espoused by Adam Smith and Nobel Laureate James Buchanan. The latter viewed value and preferences as mutable (not "given") and believed that rights systems must underlie moral law and impartial justice. Men must be "taken as they are" in this system. Adoption of the Smith-Buchanan paradigm, Professor Roth brilliantly argues, leads to the kind of moral and political philosophy that informs the science of statutes and legislators that underpins our Founding Fathers' republican self-government project.' (Bob Ekelund, Professor and Eminent Scholar in Economics (Emeritus), Auburn University, US). -- Economists and the State shows how modern economists have strayed far from Adam Smith's procedurally based, consequence-detached political economy. Timothy P. Roth argues that this "wrong turn" has left economists ill-equipped to address an expanding federal enterprise and new threats to our self-governing republic. He subsequently sets out to offer ways to redress this. -- Making the case for a return to the moral and political philosophy that informed Adam Smith's 'science of the statesman or legislator,' this book argues that economists must reject their relentlessly utilitarian, teleological theory of the state and embrace Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan's constitutional political economy project. The author outlines the specific requirements of a non-teleological conception of the state - a conception that is vital to the continuing development of a theory of the state informed by a prior ethical commitment to the moral equivalence of persons. -- This book will appeal to scholars and students of political economy, political thought, public choice economics and Austrian economics as well as to practitioners and policy-makers interested in how economics should support those serving the public.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781783475728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 277 pages) , 1 diagram
    Series Statement: Studies in Islamic finance, accounting and governance series
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: Finance Religious aspects ; Islam ; Islamic ethics ; Economics ; Economics Religious aspects ; Islam ; Islam Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Islam ; Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Islamisches Recht ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Kreditwesen
    Abstract: Mankind is faced with a number of serious problems that demand an effective solution. The prevalence of injustice and the frequency of financial crises are two of the most serious of these problems. Consisting of an in-depth introduction along with a selection of eight of Muhammad Umer Chapra's essays - four on Islamic economics and four on Islamic finance - this timely book raises the question of what can be done to not only minimize the frequency and severity of the financial crises, but also make the financial system more equitable. -- The author considers the origins of Islamic economics and outlines its development and underlying principles. He compares the approach taken to ethics and economics in Islam with that taken in the West, considering whether lessons can be applied to the global financial architecture in order to mitigate against financial crises. The book also examines the case against interest and looks at both innovation in Islamic finance, as well as challenges facing the industry. -- Written by a leading authority in the field, this book will be a stimulating resource for students and researchers in Islamic economics and finance, as well as providing valuable insight to all of those with an interest in financial systems and their interaction with society.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781782546429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (v, 237 pages)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McCain, Roger A., 19XX - Reframing economics
    DDC: 330.01
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftstheorie ; Kooperation ; Kooperatives Spiel ; Cooperation ; Macroeconomics ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Kooperatives Verhalten ; Spieltheorie
    Abstract: 'For most of the 20th century economists focused on competition as the driving force of the modern capitalist economy. In his thoughtful and readable book, Roger A. McCain offers a different frame of reference for economists. Using game theory's distinction between cooperative and non-cooperative games, he defines economics as the study of the development of cooperative agreements in the economy and the failure to bring them about. Orthodox economists who think in terms of a competitive model and heterodox economists who adhere to a class conflict paradigm will both find their ideas challenged by McCain's new frame that sees mature capitalism as the result of class compromise based on an imperfectly cooperative game.' (Donald R. Stabile, St. Mary's College of Maryland, US). -- The objectives of this book are twofold. Firstly, it proposes that economics should be defined as a study of imperfect cooperation. Secondly, it elucidates the continuities that extend from classical political economy through the neoclassical, Keynesian, and modern economics of the twenty-first century. Roger McCain explores economics as the study of cooperative arrangements, or the ways in which people work together. He asserts that there is no 'new paradigm', but rather a more encompassing cognitive frame. In the same spirit, the book borrows freely, without doctrinairism, from Austrian and other heterodox traditions - including Marxism where it is helpful - and social philosophers in the social contract tradition. Game theory of both branches plays a key role throughout. -- Presenting an innovative new framework for the major topics that together make up economic theory, this highly accessible book will strongly appeal to economics scholars, researchers and students, especially those in the fields of heterodox economics and the history of economic thought.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 8
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Konjunktur ; Volatilität ; Schock ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Policy reforms aimed at boosting long-run growth often have side effects – positive or negative – on an economy’s vulnerability to shocks and their propagation. Macroeconomic shocks as severe and protracted as those since 2007 warrant a reconsideration of the role growth-promoting policies play in shaping the vulnerability and resilience of an economy to macroeconomic shocks. Against this background, this paper looks at a vast array of policy recommendations by the OECD that promote longterm growth – contained in Going for Growth and the Economic Outlook – and attempts to establish whether they underpin macroeconomic stability or whether there is a trade-off.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1108
    Keywords: Bankenregulierung ; Finanzkrise ; Soziale Kosten ; Globalisierung ; G20-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: It is now six years since a devastating financial and economic crisis rocked the global economy. Supported strongly by the G20 process, international regulators led by the Financial Stability Board have been working hard ever since to develop new regulatory standards designed to prevent a recurrence of these events. These international standards are intended to provide guidance for the drawing up of national legislation and regulation, and have already had a pervasive influence around the world. This paper surveys recent international developments concerning the prudential regulation of financial institutions: banks, the shadow banking system and insurance companies. It concludes that, while substantial progress has been made, the global economy nevertheless remains vulnerable to possible future financial instability. This possibility reflects three sets of concerns. First, measures taken to manage the crisis to date have actually made the prevention of future crises more difficult. Second, the continuing active debate over virtually every aspect of the new regulatory guidelines indicates that the analytical foundations of what is being proposed remain highly contestable. Third, implementation of the new proposals could suffer from different practices across regions. Looking forward, the financial sector will undoubtedly continue to innovate in response to competitive pressures and in an attempt to circumvent whatever regulations do come into effect. If we view the financial sector as a complex adaptive system, continuous innovation would only be expected. This perspective also provides a number of insights as to how regulators should respond in turn. Not least, it suggests that attempts to reduce complexity would not be misguided and that complex behavior need not necessarily be accompanied by still more complex regulation. Removing impediments to more effective self-discipline and market discipline in the financial sector would also seem recommended.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1112
    Keywords: Faktorproportionentheorem ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Industrieproduktion ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Welt ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Industrial specialization has important implications for economic performance; therefore, understanding its determinants is of key policy relevance. This paper quantifies the relationship between factor endowments, policies and institutions and patterns of industrial specialisation in production using a new cross-country dataset compiled by WIOD that includes 37 OECD and non-OECD countries and 26 sectors. An advantage of this database –as compared with those used by previous studies- is that makes it possible to look at industrial specialization in terms of value added instead of gross exports, covering both services and manufactures in a panel of advanced and developing economies. The empirical methodology is based on the idea that industries vary in the conditions that they need for production, and countries differ in their ability to provide for these industry-specific requirements. We find that not only cross-country differences in factor endowments, such as capital and labour, but also differences in investment in R&D and policies or institutions, such as financial development, tariffs and taxes, and product and labour market regulation, can explain cross-country differences in industrial structure.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1114
    Keywords: Basisgesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Sterblichkeit ; Israel ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Israel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Israelis enjoy higher life expectancy and have a much younger demographic profile than most OECD countries. However, the demand for health care is expanding rapidly due to population growth and ageing. Also, the country’s wide socio-economic divides are reflected in differences in health outcomes. To date the health-care system, centred on four health funds, is widely acknowledged as providing a basket of universal services, with good quality primary and secondary care, while also accommodating demand for private health care. However, there are challenges and tensions in the system. Currently the authorities are having to rapidly expand the number of places in medical schools and nurse training because large cohorts of health-care professionals are heading for retirement. More broadly, there are concerns that the core notion of a universal basket of services is being eroded by co-payments and the increasing demand for the additional services and options provided by private insurance. Although the quality of care is generally good, in hospital care there is room to improve data and concern that overcrowding may become chronic. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Review of Israel (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economicsurvey- israel.htm).
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1117
    Keywords: Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Chile ; Employment ; Economics ; Chile ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Economic growth and recent policy reforms have increased employment and reduced overall poverty in Chile. Yet there are some groups that remain at the margins of the labour market and could benefit from and contribute more to growth. Women and young people have entered the labour force in greater numbers, but their participation rates remain low compared to most OECD and Latin American countries. The participation of women in the labour market is held down by economic, cultural and regulatory barriers. For youth, poor basic skills acquired through compulsory education and the weak linkages between secondary education and job related skills often limit their employment prospects. Among lowskilled workers, a high minimum wage and strict employment protection pose a barrier to employment. At the same time, education and training policies do not sufficiently reach those with poor skills and the public employment services lack the capacity to deliver high quality job-search services. The paper discusses a number of policies that could help to make the Chilean labour market more inclusive and broaden the benefits of growth. These include expanding childcare, promoting a more flexible labour market and strengthening education and skills policies, among others. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-chile.htm).
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1121
    Keywords: Gemeindesteuer ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Dezentralisierung ; Gebietsreform ; Effizienzlohn ; Finnland ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Finland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Finnish municipalities enjoy ample fiscal autonomy and provide or arrange the provision of a large share of public services. In recent years, their spending and debt has been increasing steadily, especially because of population ageing and increases in the cost of health care and social services. Furthermore, small municipalities are often struggling to align service provision with national standards. The government has launched a reform to create more efficient municipalities through voluntary mergers. Both international experience and costs per capita across Finnish municipalities suggest an optimal size for municipalities of over 20 000 inhabitants, at least outside remote areas. As mergers are to be voluntary, the outcome of the reform remains uncertain. If merger plans prove insufficient to achieve efficient public service provision, the government could impose mergers on smaller municipalities, especially around the main urban areas. Responsibilities of smaller municipalities could be scaled back in all functions where economies of scale and scope can be achieved. Policies also need to be flexible enough to allow restructuring of services after mergers. Partnerships between public or private entities to provide services could be developed further in some areas. Finally, the tax structure and fiscal rules should be enhanced to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Finland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economicsurvey- finland.htm).
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1124
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitnehmerschutz ; Rentenpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Bildung ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Polen ; Employment ; Economics ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Poor labour-market outcomes remain one of Poland’s major structural weaknesses, impeding firms’ competitiveness and the nation’s potential output. Boosting employment prospects is also critical, as the country will soon be ageing at a fast pace. Despite long working hours, labour utilisation is only average due to structurally low employment rates, particularly at both ends of the age spectrum, with some marked regional differences. The female employment rate is especially low, in part due to poorly designed family and pension policies. Insufficient product-market competition and obstacles to internal mobility induce significant resource misallocation. Employment protection is not particularly stringent, but the labour market is nonetheless heavily segmented. This is likely to weigh on economic performance by limiting investment in human capital and making some specific groups bear a large share of adjustment costs. Public employment services suffer from a lack of resources and function inefficiently. Local labour offices have limited incentives to adopt best practices; the government plans to start benchmarking them. There is ample scope to tighten jobseeker obligations and reform social and tax policies to make work pay. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Poland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-poland.htm).
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1128
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Vorleistungen ; Zoll ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Faktorproportionentheorem ; Empirische Methode ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper quantifies the importance of different determinants of trade at the industry level using a sample of 54 OECD and non-OECD economies. The empirical methodology extends the approach of previous empirical studies to explicitly quantify the impact that trading partners’ factor endowments and policies have on bilateral trade, and to analyse the effect of tariffs on the volume and composition of trade. We find that distance, common language, common border and regional trade agreements are important determinants of overall trade, and that factor endowments, policies and institutions, of both the exporter and its trading partners, are main determinants of what and where a country exports. By contrast, we find that trade policies based on tariffs on imported goods not only generate negative spillovers to trading partners by reducing their exports, but they are also likely to reduce exports of countries that impose the tariffs, in particular in industries that rely more on intermediate goods.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1131
    Keywords: Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; BRICS-Staaten ; Indonesien ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Unemployment insurance is a key tool for risk sharing and redistribution and also a prominent automatic stabiliser. It is a volatile spending item by design, which can lead to vulnerabilities. This paper explores various shocks and sources of vulnerability of the unemployment insurance schemes of OECD and BRIICS countries. Policies that boost both financial resilience and benefit adequacy as well as policy trade-offs are explored. Four country clusters are identified with key similarities in the overall policy mix that can shed light on why some countries boast generous benefits and at the same time display high economic efficiency, while other countries face a much more pronounced trade-off.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 159
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Einkommensteuer ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The shares of top income recipients in total pre-tax income have increased in OECD countries in the past three decades, particularly in most of the English-speaking countries but also in some Nordic (from low levels) and Southern European countries. Today, the richest one percent receives between 7% of all pre-tax income in Denmark and the Netherlands up to almost 20% in the United States. This increase is the result of the top 1% capturing a disproportionate share of overall income growth over the past thirty years: around 20 – 25% in Australia and the United Kingdom, up to 37% in Canada and even 47% in the United States. At the same time, tax reforms in almost all OECD countries reduced top personal income tax rates as well as rates of other taxes affecting the highest income earners. Indeed, while top tax rates were equal to or above 70% in half of the countries in the mid-1970s, this rate has been halved in many countries by 2013.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2014/03
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; Messung ; Regionalwissenschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The extent to which income inequality and poverty vary within countries across different regions is very relevant for policy decisions and monitoring. However, sub-national measures are scarce, given the complexity of producing indicators at the regional level from the available data and the methodological issues related to cross-countries comparability. This paper presents a set of indicators of income inequality and poverty across and within regions for 28 OECD countries. These indicators were produced through a new household-level data collection based on internationally harmonized income definitions undertaken as part of the OECD project on “Measuring regional and local well-being for policymaking”. The data were collected at the OECD TL2 territorial level, corresponding to NUTS2 regions in Europe and to large administrative subdivisions (e.g. States in Mexico and Unites States) for non-European countries. These estimates confirm that there are significant variations in levels of income inequality within countries, and that regional breakdowns are useful for understanding sources and patterns of income disparities and poverty. For most of the countries relying on survey data for measuring income distribution, standard cross-sectional indicators of income inequality and relative poverty at this regional level are estimated with low precision in the smallest regions due to small samples. This has two main implications for data producers and analysts. First, systematic reporting of confidence intervals is needed to make meaningful comparisons of inequality levels across regions and with respect to the national averages. Second, averaged measures for multiple years or small area estimation methods should be considered as means for obtaining more robust measures. The issues related to the estimation of standard errors for three-year averages in rotational panel surveys and to the definition of the computational sampling structure for sub-national estimates are discussed in the paper.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1143
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Binnenwanderung ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Kanada ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills shortages have developed in certain fields and regions in recent years. Earnings premiums for people in some professions, notably health, engineering and skilled trades have increased. And vacancy rates have risen for skilled trades, with the increase being particularly large in Alberta and Saskatchewan. While reforms have been implemented to strengthen adjustment so as to overcome these shortages, there is still room to go further by improving labour market information, increasing responsiveness of the education and training system to labour market demand, making the immigration system more reactive to current labour market conditions and reducing regulatory barriers to inter-provincial labour mobility. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Review of Canada (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-canada.htm).
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1144
    Keywords: Frauen ; Lohnstruktur ; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung ; Bildung ; Personalführung ; Schweiz ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Switzerland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Swiss women are now as well educated as their male counterparts. However, progress remains to be made in the job market where both the supply and price of female labour are below that of men. While the participation rate for women is high and rising, it is offset by a heavy incidence of part-time work, reflecting both personal preferences and factors that limit their labour supply. The lack and high cost of childcare options for parents, as well as burdensome marginal income tax rates for second earners, create disincentives to work more. A falling but persistent net (i.e. unexplained) wage gap of about 7% in favour of men, coupled with under-representation of women as managers and entrepreneurs, further reduce the incentive for women to take full advantage of their high levels of human capital. Priority should be given to removing those barriers by increasing public spending on childcare and out-of-school-hours care at the cantonal and municipal levels. Existing regulations regarding childcare provision should also be investigated to see whether a broader range of price and quality childcare options is feasible. The implicit tax penalty for married women should also be removed, as the Federal Council is currently considering. More flexibility in working arrangements could further alleviate women’s cost of reconciling work and family life. For instance, facilitating flexi-time, annualised hours, job-sharing, part-time and telework options for both women and men, and creating paternity and/or consecutive, take-it-or-leave-it parental leave could facilitate transition in and out of the labour market. Increasing competition in product markets should help reduce the wage gap by replacing old habits with the hunt for talent regardless of gender. Finally, a corporate governance code in favour of a more equal representation of women in leadership positions, and setting ambitious quantitative targets for women on boards combined with the “Comply or Explain” practise, or quotas, should help remove the so-called glass ceiling. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Review of Switzerland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Switzerland).
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1147
    Keywords: 2007 - 2014 ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Energiereserven ; Bergbauerzeugnis ; Umweltbelastung ; Rohstoffsteuer ; USA ; Energy ; Taxation ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Since around 2007, the country has been enjoying an “energy renaissance” thanks to its abundant stocks of shale oil and gas. The resurgence in oil and gas production is beginning to create discernible economic impacts and has changed the landscape for natural gas prices in the United States, boosting competitiveness. In order to reap the benefits fully, significant investment is needed. Federal and state governments capture some of the resource rents, but there are potential opportunities to increase taxation and use the revenues to support future well-being. Taxing natural resource rents with profit taxes can be less distortionary than other forms of taxation, though only one state uses this form of tax. Production of shale resources, like other forms of resource extraction, poses a number of challenges for the environment. Respecting demands on water resources requires adequate water rights are in place while state and federal regulators need to monitor the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing closely and strengthen regulations as needed. Natural gas is a potential “bridge fuel” towards a lower carbon economy, helping to reduce emissions by leading to a substitution away from coal. Flanking measures are desirable to counter natural gas hindering renewables and low prices stymieing innovation. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of United States (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/United States).
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1151
    Keywords: 2008 - 2013 ; Risiko ; Privater Konsum ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Simulation ; Vergleich ; VAR-Modell ; Griechenland ; Portugal ; Irland ; Economics ; Greece ; Ireland ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Uncertainty faced by households and firms affects economic activity. The rise in uncertainty since the beginning of the sovereign debt crisis in Greece could be one factor that has contributed to the steep and long-lasting recession. This paper presents a brief empirical analysis quantifying this phenomenon and compares it with developments in Ireland and Portugal. Overall, this analysis shows that the uncertainty impact on growth has been relatively small in Greece between 2008 and 2013, although stronger than in Ireland or Portugal. This quantification appears to be robust to various specification changes of the vector auto regressive models developed for this exercise. This working paper relates to the 2013 Economic Survey of Greece (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/greece)
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1153
    Keywords: Altersarmut ; Soziale Mobilität ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Altersvorsorge ; Arbeitsmarktsegmentation ; Südkorea ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To strengthen social cohesion, a top government priority, it is essential to address the labour market roots of inequality by breaking down dualism to reduce the share of non-regular workers and to boost the employment ratio toward the government’s 70% target. Education reforms are also important to enhance social mobility. Social welfare programmes should be improved to make them more effective, especially among the elderly, where the relative poverty rate is 49%. In addition, reforms are needed now to develop an effective three-pillar system of retirement income based on the National Pension Scheme, company pensions and individual savings. High household debt also has adverse implications for equity, as well as for growth, as individuals with low income and credit ratings have limited access to financial markets and many are delinquent on their loans. Policies to offer credit to such households and restructure their debt, while limiting moral hazard and developing market-based lending, are essential. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/economic-survey-korea.htm).
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1157
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmensgründung ; Gründungsfinanzierung ; Kreditgeschäft ; Personalführung ; Niederlande ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, job creation and competitiveness. However, the small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector has been severely affected by the crisis, with access to bank finance being particularly difficult. Various government-sponsored schemes have been introduced to ease credit conditions. Developing alternatives to bank lending options for SME finance is important but will take time. Restructuring banks’ balance sheets is essential to step up bank lending to SMEs in the medium term. Beyond financing issues, boosting innovation would support productivity gains, and SME competitiveness and growth. Also, easing labour market regulation would further support SME development. A large share of small businesses consists of self-employed with no employees. The tax system should minimise distortions for the creation and expansion of businesses. Despite significant progress made in lowering barriers to entrepreneurship, there is scope to further reduce administrative burdens. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-netherlands.htm).
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1159
    Keywords: EU-Binnenmarkt ; Markteintritt ; Netzwerkökonomik ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Wirtschaftsintegration ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The EU Single Market remains fragmented by complex and heterogeneous rules at the EU and national levels affecting trade, capital, including foreign direct investment, and labour mobility. Further development of the Single Market and removing barriers to external trade would bring substantial growth and employment gains by enhancing resource allocation in Europe, by generating economies of scale and by strengthening competition and hence incentives to innovate. Reforming regulation and other implicit barriers can also yield a double dividend: it would stimulate cross-border activities and support the necessary reallocation process within countries. Such reallocation can cause hardships, especially for the less-skilled workers who may not be able to compete. To deal with such problems, it is important to enhance active labour market policies and training. The Single Market would also benefit from better networks between countries that can be supported by a well-targeted infrastructure policy. New digital networks can be promoted by an appropriate regulatory framework to strengthen confidence and to promote fair competition. Regarding external trade, the first-best solution is clearly multilateral trade negotiations, but short of that external trade and investment barriers can be reduced with Free Trade Agreement negotiations with the United States and other partners. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the European Union (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-european-union.htm).
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1164
    Keywords: 2012 ; Private Verschuldung ; Umschuldung ; Südkorea ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Rising household debt has become a major policy concern in Korea. By the end of 2012, it had risen to 164% of disposable income, well above the OECD average of 133%. In addition to the economic impact and the risk to the financial sector, it raises social cohesion issues, as households with low income and credit ratings have limited access to financial markets and many are delinquent on their loans. It is essential to induce the soft-landing of household debt through a two-track approach: i) offering credit to households with low income and credit ratings and restructuring their debt, while limiting moral hazard and developing market-based lending; and ii) containing the risk caused by high household debt by strengthening prudential measures for financial institutions and improving mortgage lending by reducing the share of floating-rate and “bullet repayment” loans. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-korea.htm)
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1167
    Keywords: 1970 - 2014 ; Zins ; Öffentliche Anleihe ; Kapitaleinkommen ; Währungsreserven ; Geldpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes developments in real long-term interest rates in the main OECD economies and surveys their various determinants. Real long-term government bond yields declined from the 1980s to very low levels in the recent period, though they have not reached the historical lows of the 1970s. The decline in real interest rates has been driven by a combination of factors whose importance has varied over time. In the 1990s, the decline in inflation levels and in volatility was key. In the 2000s, purchases of US government bonds by official investors in emerging market economies, played an important role. More recently, quantitative easing and other unconventional monetary policy action, and possibly the Basel-III-induced increase in bank demand for safe assets, have been main drivers. Higher perceptions of risks after the last crisis do not seem to have put lasting downward pressures on government bond yields.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1168
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Investitionsentscheidung ; Kapitalkosten ; Entscheidung unter Unsicherheit ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Bilanz ; Eurozone ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The downturn in fixed investment among advanced economies from the onset of the global crisis was unusually severe, widespread and long-lasting relative to comparable episodes in the past. As a result, investment gaps are large in many countries, not only in relation to past norms but also relative to projected future steady-state levels, with a gap of 2 percentage points of GDP or more in several countries. A significant proportion of this investment shortfall is attributable to soft demand conditions (the accelerator effect) but financial factors and heightened uncertainty have also played a role. In addition to continued support to demand from macroeconomic policies, the recovery in investment could be boosted by tackling longer-term policy issues that bear on investment decisions indirectly, by reducing financial fragmentation in the euro area and by undertaking growth-friendly structural reforms.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1172
    Keywords: Arbeitnehmerschutz ; Tarifverhandlungen ; Bildungspolitik ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Produktivität ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Familienpolitik ; Wassermangel ; Klimawandel ; Ökosteuer ; Spanien ; Economics ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Structural transformation towards a more knowledge-based economy will strengthen Spain’s medium-term growth prospects. To deal with long standing impediments to higher growth the government has a substantial structural reform programme touching on education, the labour market and the business environment. Areas of particular weakness to be tackled include the high number of poorly qualified long-term unemployed, skills mismatches and a high school drop-out rate, and insufficient innovation. Spain has done well in reducing the carbon emissions intensity of GDP growth but will need to do more to meet future targets and manage its scarce water resources. The resolution of acute banking and fiscal problems, and the cyclical upswing, provide a more solid platform for sustained growth. Raising trend growth will boost job creation, which is the most effective antidote to the strong rise in poverty and inequality that accompanied the sharp deterioration in the labour market during the crisis.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9780814433294 , 0814433294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 v.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance, Personal ; Investments ; Electronic books ; Business enterprises ; Finance ; Economics ; Commerce ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Too much debt? Not enough savings? Stop your whining and get to work. It's time to become a battle-ready financial warrior, prepared to tackle any money challenge. Modeled on the Soldier's Handbook, which is issued to all new U.S. Army recruits, Soldier of Finance is a no-nonsense, military-style training manual to overcoming financial obstacles and building lasting wealth. Written by Jeff Rose, a Certified Financial Planner(t) and army veteran with extensive combat experience, the book is divided into 14 modules, each section covering an essential element of financial success. You will learn how to: * Evaluate your position and commit to change * Target and methodically eliminate debt * Clean up your credit report * Create tactical budgets * Build emergency savings * Invest for the short and long term * Determine an affordable mortgage size, insurance needs, and more. Complete with tales from the trenches and useful tools including quizzes, debriefings, and more-Soldier of Finance is the survival guide you need to face down your finances and bring order and prosperity to your life.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1105
    Keywords: Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Einkommensverteilung ; Lohn ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Rentenpolitik ; Steuerpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Brasilien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Brazil ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Brazil has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty and inequality. This reduction is explained by strong growth but also by effective social policies. Besides growth, public services and cash transfers have played the biggest role, the latter notably through the successful “Bolsa Familia” programme. Among public services, improved access to education has played a major role, allowing more Brazilians to move into better-paid jobs. However, shortages in physical school infrastructure are limiting the hours of instruction that students receive. The high drop-out rate needs to be reduced through early interventions such as expanding early-childhood education, by reducing grade-repetition and through more tailored support for those at risk. The quality of teaching could also be raised through more in-service teacher training and stronger performance incentives for teachers. Performance of public services devoted to health and transports has been mixed. Public health services are widely available but suffer from underfunding and training places for medical staff need to be expanded. The public urban transport system suffers from a shortage of investment which is urgently needed to upgrade capacity. Regarding cash transfers, the success of “Bolsa Familia” and new programmes put in place under the umbrella of the “Brasil sem Miseria” programme is remarkable but transfer payments remain too heavily focused on pension benefits. Giving more priority to “Bolsa Familia” and “Brasil sem Miseria” while limiting the real growth of pension expenditures in the future would improve the effectiveness of social expenditures for reducing poverty and inequality. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/brazil).
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (67 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 9
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Umweltbelastung ; Einwanderung ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Einkommensverteilung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Koordination ; Bildungschancen ; Hochschule ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Welt ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper identifies and analyses some key challenges that OECD and partner economies may face over the coming 50 years if underlying global trends relating to growth, trade, inequality and environmental pressures prevail. For example, global growth is likely to slow and become increasingly dependent on knowledge and technology, while the economic costs of environmental damages will mount. The rising economic importance of knowledge will tend to raise returns to skills, likely leading to further increases in earning inequalities within countries. While increases in pre-tax earnings do not automatically transform into rising income inequality, the ability of governments to cushion this impact may be limited, as rising trade integration and consequent rising mobility of tax bases combined with substantial fiscal pressures may hamper such efforts. The paper discusses to what extent national structural policies can address these and other interlinked challenges, but also points to the growing need for international coordination and cooperation to deal with these issues over the coming 50 years.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 11
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Altersvorsorge ; Indonesien ; BRICS-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Social institutions face many challenges. The recent economic crisis has provided a stress test as it has left a legacy of high unemployment and high government debt in many countries. It also lowered potential output and thus the revenue base for social protection schemes. At the same time, ageing and other secular trends raise long-term sustainability issues. The design of social institutions determines their capacity to deal with shocks and trend changes and the way risks are shared between the institutions and their stakeholders. They also circumscribe the scope for automatic or discretionary adjustments, when trade-offs between sustainability, adequacy and efficiency arise. This report examines the sustainability of social institutions and their ability to absorb and cope with short-term shocks and longer-term trends by providing risk sharing and expenditure smoothing, focusing on pension, health care and unemployment insurance schemes.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1107
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Inflation ; Prognoseverfahren ; Finanzpolitik ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the OECD’s projections for GDP growth and inflation during the global financial crisis and recovery, focussing on lessons that can be learned. The projections repeatedly over-estimated growth, failing to anticipate the extent of the slowdown and later the weak pace of the recovery – errors made by many other forecasters. At the same time, inflation was stronger than expected on average. Analysis of the growth errors shows that the OECD projections in the crisis years were larger in countries with more international trade openness and greater presence of foreign banks. In the recovery, there is little evidence that an underestimate of the impact of fiscal consolidation contributed significantly to forecast errors. Instead, the repeated conditioning assumption that the euro area crisis would stabilise or ease played an important role, with growth weaker than projected in European countries where bond spreads were higher than had been assumed. But placing these errors in a historical context illustrates that the errors were not without precedent: similar-sized errors were made in the first oil price shock of the 1970s. In response to the challenges encountered in forecasting in recent years and the lessons learnt, the OECD and other international organisations have sought to improve their forecasting techniques and procedures, to improve their ability to monitor near-term developments and to better account for international linkages and financial market developments.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1113
    Keywords: Steuervermeidung ; Ökosteuer ; Sozialstaat ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Finanzverwaltung ; Subvention ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Rentenfinanzierung ; Israel ; Taxation ; Economics ; Israel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Ensuring tax and transfer systems bring sufficient revenue to reach macroeconomic fiscal targets, address societal goals in re-distribution and social welfare, recognise the influence taxation has on businesses’ competitiveness and adequately address environmental externalities is a tough challenge, arguably more so in Israel than in many other OECD countries. High interest payments and large defence spending make deficit and debt reduction more difficult, socio-economic divides remain wide and as a small-open economy Israel is highly exposed to mobile international capital and competition over international investment. And, as elsewhere, the incorporation of environmental issues into the tax system remains only partial. This review examines ways forward for policy on several fronts: indirect taxation; household income tax and social benefits; taxes on property and wealth; business taxation; and evasion, avoidance and administration issues. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Review of Israel (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-israel.htm).
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1115
    Keywords: 1980 - 2013 ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Volatilität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Mikrodaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The decline in macroeconomic volatility from the 1980s to the onset of the Great Recession did not, in general, translate into more microeconomic stability. While microeconomic volatility can reflect growth-generating processes, such as creative destruction and re-allocation of resources, consumption growth volatility weighs on households’ welfare. This study reviews the existing literature on the link between economic policies and economic stability at the firm and household level. Based on firm-level and household-level data for a wide range of OECD countries, it also provides preliminary results on sources and patterns of microeconomic volatility.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1118
    Keywords: KMU ; Produktivität ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Internationaler Markt ; Marktanteil ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Regulierung ; Innovation ; Dänemark ; Economics ; Trade ; Denmark ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Danish productivity has grown only weakly over the past two decades, both historically and in relation to other countries, despite sound policies and institutions. At the same time, the country has lost export market shares. Denmark needs to continue its efforts to reap the benefits of globalisation, which would contribute to invigorating productivity growth. Fostering competition by removing regulatory barriers and improving public procurement would help. In addition, innovation policy needs to become more efficient and more in line with the growing importance of the service sector and knowledge-based capital. Small and medium-sized enterprises could be better integrated into global markets by improving their access to finance and developing the entrepreneurship culture. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Denmark (www.oecd.org/economic-surveydenmark. htm).
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1120
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Rentenfinanzierung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Finnland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Finland’s population is set to age rapidly in the coming decades. This will put pressure on public finances, while shrinking labour resources. Nonetheless, solutions exist to alleviate those pressures. Adjusting the pension age in line with the rise in life expectancy would reduce pension costs and increase older workers’ employment, provided it is accompanied by the removal of the pathways to early retirement. In order to allow people to work longer, labour market flexibility should be enhanced and lifelong training promoted further. Active labour market policies should be strengthened so as to increase the labour force participation of youth, childbearing age women and the long-term unemployed. Finally, ageing should not only be seen as a burden as it can also create opportunities for innovation and new markets and industries. Information and communications technologies, where Finland has a strong knowledge base, can help the elderly stay as autonomous as possible, which would contain long-term care costs and improve well-being. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Finland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economicsurvey- finland.htm).
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1125
    Keywords: Wettbewerbsaufsicht ; Deregulierung ; Wettbewerb ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; Polen ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Poland’s productivity has grown strongly over the past decade, and efforts to reduce the regulatory burden have been significant. Despite impressive progress, product market regulation remains more burdensome than in most OECD countries, partly due to the importance of red tape and the level of state involvement in the economy. Further reduction in red tape and pursuing privatisation in competitive markets would increase competitive pressures and ensure neutrality, notably in public procurement processes. Economic rents in many sectors seem high, as stringent entry regulations, regulatory barriers and inefficient bankruptcy procedures induce significant resource misallocation. A welcome deregulation of professional services is ongoing, and the government plans to further ease firm registrations and reform bankruptcy procedures. The independence of the sector regulators in network industries and the powers of the Competition Authority can still be enhanced, as the reform efforts in these sectors remain patchy. The dominant positions of the incumbents and the failure of network sector regulators to introduce a level playing field in order to secure third-party access to the sectoral infrastructure and allow new entry in the competitive segments are another main issue. The advantages of being considered a farmer are also slowing the consolidation process in the agricultural sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Poland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-poland.htm).
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1129
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Außenhandelselastizität ; Prognoseverfahren ; BRICS-Staaten ; Indonesien ; Argentinien ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a detailed description of recent research to re-estimate and re-specify the international trade volume and price equations that are used in the OECD Economics Department to analyse and project international trade developments. The set of countries covered by the estimations has been significantly enlarged, with estimates of the factors affecting export performance, import penetration and trade prices presented for 41 countries, including countries that have recently joined the OECD (Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia) and major emerging countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa). Reflecting the heterogeneity of countries included in the estimations, procedures for grouping them have been modified to allow for country specifics as much as possible. Structural breaks over the estimation period – which now typically covers the mid-1980s to 2012 and includes the global trade collapse of 2009 – are dealt with by the flexible modelling of deterministic trends, including the allowance for several rather than single trend reversals.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1133
    Keywords: Rentenfinanzierung ; Umlageverfahren ; Rentenreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Indonesien ; BRICS-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Demographic developments are unfavourable for the financing of pension schemes in most OECD countries, implying continued growth in pension expenditure in virtually all OECD countries. This paper examines the vulnerability of pension systems, with an emphasis on financial sustainability and adequacy. Policy trade-offs and complementarities are reviewed and flanking policies which could underpin successful pension reforms are examined. Automatic adjustment mechanisms are highlighted, as are the roles of prudential regulation and buffer or reserve funds in the case of shocks. Pension system vulnerability indicators are presented for all OECD countries, and the challenges and vulnerabilities of pensions systems in the BRIICS countries are reviewed.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1135
    Keywords: 2060 ; Klimawandel ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; CGE-Modell ; Szenariotechnik ; Welt ; Environment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report focuses on the effects of climate change impacts on economic growth. Simulations with the OECD’s dynamic global general equilibrium model ENV-Linkages assess the consequences of a selected number of climate change impacts in the various world regions at the macroeconomic and sectoral level. This is complemented with an assessment of very long-run implications, using the AD-RICE model. The analysis finds that the effect of climate change impacts on annual global GDP is projected to increase over time, leading to a global GDP loss of 0.7% to 2.5% by 2060 for the most likely equilibrium climate sensitivity range. Underlying these annual global GDP losses are much larger sectoral and regional variations. Agricultural impacts dominate in most regions, while damages from sea level rise gradually become more important. Negative economic consequences are especially large in South and South-East Asia whereas other regions will be less affected and, in some cases, benefit thanks to adjustments from international trade. Emissions to 2060 will have important consequences in later decades and centuries. Simulations with the AD-RICE model suggest that if emissions continue to grow after 2060, annual damages of climate change could reach 1.5%-4.8% of GDP by the end of the century. Some impacts and risks from climate change have not been quantified in this study, including extreme weather events, water stress and large-scale disruptions. These will potentially have large economic consequences, and on balance the costs of inaction presented here likely underestimate the full costs of climate change impacts. More research is needed to assess them as well as the various uncertainties and risks involved. However, this should not delay policy action, but rather induce policy frameworks that are able to deal with new information and with the fact that by their nature some uncertainties and risks will never be resolved.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1139
    Keywords: 2060 ; Regulierung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Einkommensverteilung ; Bildung ; Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Income and earning inequality has been on the rise in most of the OECD and in many emerging economies since the 1980s. This paper estimates a model of earnings inequality across OECD countries that incorporates determinants of relative demand and supply of more and less-skilled labour. Drawing on OECD data we find that skill-biased technological change – measured as a common cross-country time trend and the level of multi factor productivity – has been the key driver in increasing earning differentials. The analysis also shows that educational attainment has mitigated the impact of skill-biased technological change on earning differentials, but has in most countries been unable to fully compensate. In line with previous OECD analysis, changes in structural policies and labour market institutions, such as deregulation of product and labour markets have exerted upward pressure on inequality. The estimated model is used to decompose historical changes in earning differentials and to construct forward looking scenarios up to 2060. If the common cross-country trend of skill-biased technological change observed during the last 25 years prevails, earning differentials will on average increase by almost 30% in the OECD by 2060. Finally, the model is used to simulate the consequences of alternative policy scenarios over the coming 50 years.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1141
    Keywords: 1995-2008 ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Außenhandel ; Lieferkette ; Input-Output-Analyse ; Welt ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We propose a new method to analyse the changing skills structure of employment in countries based on the input-output structure of the world economy. Demand for jobs, characterized by skill type and industry of employment, is driven by changes in technology, trade and consumption. Using structural decomposition analysis, we study the relative importance of these drivers for the period 1995-2008. In doing so, we derive a new measure of technological change in vertically integrated production chains and show that it has been skill-biased. We find that skill-biased technological change has played the most important role in the different employment growth rates of high-skilled, medium-skilled and low-skilled labour in advanced countries. For emerging countries, the patterns of employment growth are very heterogeneous.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1145
    Keywords: Immobilienfinanzierung ; Kreditmarkt ; Hypothek ; Verbriefung ; Landnutzung ; Subprime-Krise ; Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Suburbanisierung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Private Verschuldung ; Vermögensteuer ; Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Immobilienpreis ; Kanada ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: House prices have increased significantly in Canada over the past decade, driving household debt and residential construction activity to historical highs. Although macro-prudential tightening has slowed the pace of household borrowing in the last few years, house prices have continued to trend higher, and affordability remains a major challenge in urban centres. First-time home buyers must therefore spend more of their incomes to purchase a house and are vulnerable to future interest rate hikes. Overbuilding in the condominium sectors of some cities appears to be a source of risk, especially if a major price correction in these segments spills over into other markets. The country benefits from a sound and effective housing finance system, which performed well throughout the global financial crisis thanks to strong regulatory oversight and explicit government backing of the mortgage market. Nonetheless, the dominance of the crown corporation CMHC in the mortgage insurance market concentrates a significant amount of risk in public finances. Improving competitive conditions in the mortgage insurance market could help diversify these risks and reduce taxpayer contingent liabilities, while introducing coverage limits on loan losses would better align private and social interests. There may be a shortage of rental housing in several cities, especially in the range that low-income households can afford. Urban planning policies have resulted in low-density residential development which contributes to relatively high transport-related carbon emissions. Addressing these externalities requires stronger pricing signals for land development, road use, congestion and parking, combined with better integration of public transit planning. To prevent the marginalisation of low-income households, planning policies should support social mix and increase incentives for private-sector development of affordable housing. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Review of Canada (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Canada).
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1148
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Beschäftigungssicherung ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Economists have traditionally been very cautious when studying the interaction between employment and health because of the two-way causal relationship between these two variables: health status influences the probability of being employed and, at the same time, working affects the health status. Because these two variables are determined simultaneously, researchers control endogeneity bias (e.g., reverse causality, omitted variables) when conducting empirical analysis. With these caveats in mind, the literature finds that a favourable work environment and high job security lead to better health conditions. Being employed with appropriate working conditions plays a protective role on physical health and psychiatric disorders. By contrast, non-employment and retirement are generally worse for mental health than employment, and overemployment has a negative effect on health. These findings stress the importance of employment and of adequate working conditions for the health of workers. In this context, it is a concern that a significant proportion of European workers (29%) would like to work fewer hours because unwanted long hours are likely to signal a poor level of job satisfaction and inadequate working conditions, with detrimental effects on health. Thus, in Europe, labour-market policy has increasingly paid attention to job sustainability and job satisfaction. The literature clearly invites employers to take better account of the worker preferences when setting the number of hours worked. Overall, a specific “flexicurity” (combination of high employment protection, job satisfaction and active labour-market policies) is likely to have a positive effect on health. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the United States (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/United States ).
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1150
    Keywords: Stress ; Gesundheit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Despite relative affluence, workplace stress is a prominent feature of the US labour market. To the extent that job stress causes poor health outcomes – either directly through increased blood pressure, fatigue, muscle pain, etc. or indirectly through increased rates of cigarette smoking – policy to lessen job stress may be appropriate. Focusing predominantly on the United States, this report reviews the literature on a variety of economic concerns related to job stress and health. Areas in which economists may provide valuable insights regarding job stress include empirical selection concerns in identifying the effect of stress on health; measurement error with respect to stress; the existence and magnitude of compensating differentials for stress; and the unique “job lock” effect in the United States created by a system of employer-provided health insurance. This report concludes with a brief discussion of US policies related to job stress. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the United States (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/United States ).
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1155
    Keywords: Zins ; Börsenkurs ; Wechselkurssystem ; Kapitalimport ; USA ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Following Chairman Ben Bernanke’s comments before Congress that the FOMC may ‘take a step down in the pace of asset purchases if economic improvement appears to be sustained’, US 10-year interest rates picked up sharply and gross capital flows to emerging market economies (EMEs) reversed. These events raised concerns that further increases in US interest rates could trigger sharp changes of capital flows that would be followed by financial crises in EMEs. To assess this possibility, this paper studies the association between US long term interest rates and cycles of capital flows to EMEs. It finds that, indeed, cycles in capital flows to EMEs are linked to global conditions, including global risk aversion and long term interest rates in the United States. In particular, higher US long term interest rates are associated with lower levels of gross capital flows to EMEs, and to a higher probability of observing sharp reversals in those flows. Episodes of net capital inflows, on the other hand, are mostly associated with domestic macroeconomic conditions. In particular, economies with relatively low levels of gross outflows, with a high ratio of short-term debt to international reserves or with weak domestic fundamentals are more vulnerable to the risk of a classic sudden stop à la Calvo. This Working Paper relates to the OECD Economic Survey of the United States 2014 (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-unitedstates. htm)
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1156
    Keywords: Bank ; Eigenkapital ; Notleidender Kredit ; Immobilienpreis ; Hypothek ; Niederlande ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Dutch banks were put under heavy strains early in the global downturn and have comparatively weak financial buffers to cope with new shocks. Falling house prices have increased the share of households with negative home equity to nearly 35% for home-owning households and 40% for mortgage holders. Even though defaults have so far been limited, mortgage amortisation is low and risks are concentrated among younger borrowers who often do not have sufficient resources to cope with adverse shocks. Banks are very large relative to the size of the domestic economy, have sizeable cross-border exposures and rely significantly on wholesale funding. Resolution procedures should be strengthened to reduce the potential cost for the taxpayer and the regulator’s tools available to reduce risks should be expanded. In particular, banks should set aside sufficient provisions for expected losses and problem loans, which requires some harmonisation of the definition of non-performing loans across banks. Higher capital buffers would bolster financial stability and help ensure access to market funding while lowering its cost. Welcome measures have been taken to encourage household deleveraging, but deeper and broader steps are needed to bolster financial stability and improve consumer protection when the housing market starts to recover durably and over the medium term. The stock of existing mortgages should be gradually converted into amortising mortgages, the cap on the loanto- value ratio reduced significantly below 100% and housing subsidies to homeownership cut more decisively. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-netherlands.htm).
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1160
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Wettbewerb ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Leistungsbilanz ; Geldpolitik ; Sparen ; Türkei ; Economics ; Turkey ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Turkey recovered swiftly from the global financial crisis but sizeable macroeconomic imbalances arose in the process. High consumer price inflation and a wide current account deficit are sources of vulnerability. Even though below-potential growth helps rebalancing and disinflation, these imbalances endure. The financial sector still looks resilient thanks to buffers built up mainly prior to the financial crisis. However, private sector balance sheet risks have gained prominence as leverage increased. Macroeconomic and structural policy levers need to steer a passage between robust but externally unsustainable growth and externally viable but low growth. Monetary policy needs to bring inflation and inflation expectations closer to target. Macroprudential policies could more systematically lean against capital inflows and credit cycles to reduce private sector balance sheet vulnerabilities. The fiscal stance is broadly appropriate, but compliance with a multi-year general government spending ceiling would help avoid pro-cyclical loosening in case of revenue surprises and help boost domestic saving. Overall, policies should help reduce the risk of disruptions in capital flows as monetary policy stimulus is being withdrawn in the United States.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1162
    Keywords: KMU ; Kreativsektor ; Unternehmensgründung ; Risikokapital ; Crowdfunding ; Business Angels ; Börsengang ; Entrepreneurship ; Übernahme ; Südkorea ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Korean government has made fostering a “creative economy” a top priority. The goal is to shift Korea's economic paradigm to one based on innovation in which new start-ups and venture businesses play a key role. However, the venture capital market is still at an early stage of development. To make venture investment a growth driver, it is important to expand the role of business angels, activate the merger-andacquisition market and foster entrepreneurship. A creative economy also depends on making SMEs, which account for 87% of employment, more dynamic. The productivity gap between large firms and SMEs, which benefit from a wide range of public support, is widening. SME policies should be streamlined and improved to promote market-based financing and reduce the negative effects of government funding programmes, which discourage the expansion of SMEs.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1165
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Diskrete Entscheidung ; Energieeinsparung ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Haushaltsstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Many studies on household energy efficiency investments suggest that a wide range of seemingly profitable investments are not taken up. This paper provides novel evidence on the main factors behind consumer choices using the OECD Survey on Household Environmental Behaviour and Attitudes. The empirical analysis is based on the estimation of binary logit regression models. Empirical results suggest that households’ propensity to invest in clean energy technologies depends mainly on home ownership, income, social context and households’ information. Indeed, home owners and high-income households are more likely to invest than renters and low-income households. On the other hand, social context, such as membership in an environmental non-governmental organisation, and households’ knowledge about their energy spending and use may play a relevant role in technology adoption.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1169
    Keywords: Stagnation ; Zins ; Produktionspotenzial ; Geldpolitik ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates whether OECD countries are facing secular stagnation. Secular stagnation is defined as a situation when policy interest rates bounded at zero fail to stimulate demand sufficiently, due to low or negative neutral real interest rates and low inflation, and when ensuing prolonged and subdued growth undermines potential growth via labour hysteresis and discouraged investment. Obtaining firm evidence is complicated by considerable uncertainties surrounding estimates of economic slack and its impact on inflation, crisis-related hit to potential output and neutral interest rates. However, signs of secular stagnation are most evident in the euro area, particularly in the vulnerable members, in contrast to the United States and the United Kingdom, where evidence is less firm. Japan is arguably in the advanced stage of secular stagnation that started almost two decades ago. In countries with symptoms of secular stagnation, more monetary and fiscal stimulus should be accompanied by structural reforms to boost potential growth and neutral rates. Evidence on hysteresis effects strengthens the case for accommodative policies. In general, the large uncertainty about the size and persistence of hysteresis and risks associated with certain measures pose policy dilemmas and call for a comprehensive policy response.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.163
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, the gap between rich and poor is at its highest level since 30 years. Today, the richest 10 per cent of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10 per cent; in the 1980s this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever since. However, the rise in overall income inequality is not (only) about surging top income shares: often, incomes at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns. This paper explores whether such developments may have an impact on economic performance. Drawing on harmonised data covering the OECD countries over the past 30 years, the econometric analysis suggests that income inequality has a negative and statistically significant impact on subsequent growth. In particular, what matters most is the gap between low income households and the rest of the population. In contrast, no evidence is found that those with high incomes pulling away from the rest of the population harms growth. The paper also evaluates the “human capital accumulation theory” finding evidence for human capital as a channel through which inequality may affect growth. Analysis based on micro data from the Adult Skills Survey (PIAAC) shows that increased income disparities depress skills development among individuals with poorer parental education background, both in terms of the quantity of education attained (e.g. years of schooling), and in terms of its quality (i.e. skill proficiency). Educational outcomes of individuals from richer backgrounds, however, are not affected by inequality. It follows that policies to reduce income inequalities should not only be pursued to improve social outcomes but also to sustain long-term growth. Redistribution policies via taxes and transfers are a key tool to ensure the benefits of growth are more broadly distributed and the results suggest they need not be expected to undermine growth. But it is also important to promote equality of opportunity in access to and quality of education. This implies a focus on families with children and youths – as this is when decisions about human capital accumulation are made -- promoting employment for disadvantaged groups through active labour market policies, childcare supports and in-work benefits.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1106
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Rentenpolitik ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Steuervermeidung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitsschutz ; Armut ; Verteilungswirkung ; Griechenland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Poverty and income inequality have worsened since the onset of the crisis. While the design of fiscal measures has mitigated the burden sharing of fiscal adjustment, as the recession has deepened unemployment has risen, earnings have declined and social tensions have increased. Getting people back to work and supporting the most vulnerable remain priorities for inclusive growth and distributing the costs of adjustment equitably. Within the limited fiscal space this calls for continued reforms in targeting social support, especially housing benefits, extending unemployment insurance and introducing a means-tested minimum income. Sustaining universal access to good health care is also essential. Well-designed activation policies are important to bring the unemployed, especially the young, to work. At the same time, it is important to strengthen the effectiveness of the labour inspection to ensure full enforcement of the labour code. Decisive steps to contain tax evasion are also critical to social fairness. Reforms by the government in many of these areas are welcome and need to continue.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1109
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Prognoseverfahren ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; BRICS-Staaten ; Indonesien ; G7-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper extends the OECD Economics Department’s suite of short-term indicator models for quarterly GDP growth, which currently cover only the G7 countries, to the BRIICS countries. Reflecting the relative scarcity of high-quality macroeconomic time series, the paper adopts a small-scale bridge model approach. The results suggest that in terms of short-term forecast accuracy for the first and second quarter following the most recent GDP release these models outperform simple autoregressive or constant growth benchmarks. The small-scale indicator models would have allowed the identification of the growth slowdown during the global crisis of 2008-09 and the subsequent rebound several months ahead of official GDP releases. Overall, forecast accuracy appears to be similar to that of the existing indicator model suite for the G7 countries, especially once the higher GDP growth volatility in most BRIICS is accounted for.
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