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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2)
  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 2004  (2)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (2)
  • Financial Literacy  (2)
  • Banks and Banking Reform
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Incidence Analysis of Public Support to the Private Education Sector in Côte d'Ivoire (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Incidence Analysis of Public Support to the Private Education Sector in Côte d'Ivoire
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Expenditure ; Education for All ; Education of Children ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Ratios ; Fees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gross Enrollment ; High Dropout ; Higher Education ; Levels of Education ; Number of Students ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: Sakellariou and Patrinos analyze the equity effects of public subsidization of private schools in Côte d'Ivoire, update previous analyses, and attempt to assess how efficiently public spending is targeted. The subsidy per student in private (and public) schools increases at higher quintiles. Students from families in the highest quintile receive more than twice the subsidy received by students from families in the lowest quintile, compared with four times more in the case of students attending public schools. However, the subsidy system is progressive as there is a clear tendency for the share of family education expenditure covered by subsidies to decline at higher quintiles. This element of progressivity is stronger in the case of private school attendance. This paper—a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region—is part of a larger effort in the region to evaluate education policies
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Zhai, Fan Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Factor Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Product Market ; Product Market Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development Policy ; Urban Housing and Land ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Factor Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Product Market ; Product Market Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development Policy ; Urban Housing and Land ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Factor Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Mobility ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Product Market ; Product Market Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development Policy ; Urban Housing and Land
    Abstract: Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality. This paper—a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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