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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying artificial intelligence actors using online data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper uses information collected and provided by GlassAI to analyse the characteristics and activities of companies and universities in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States that mention keywords related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) on their websites. The analysis finds that those companies tend to be young and small, mainly operate in the information and communication sector, have AI at the core of their business, and aim to provide customer solutions. It is noteworthy that the types of AI-related activities reported by them vary across sectors. Additionally, although universities are concentrated in and around large cities, this is not necessarily reflected in the intensity of AI-related activities. Taken together, this novel and timely evidence informs the debate on the most recent stages of digital transformation of the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f5307e7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying and characterising AI adopters : A novel approach based on big data (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2022/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This work employs a novel approach to identify and characterise firms adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI), using different sources of large microdata. Focusing on the United Kingdom, the analysis combines data on Intellectual Property Rights, website information, online job postings, and firm-level financials for the first time. It shows that a significant share of AI adopters is active in Information and Communication Technologies and professional services, and is located in the South of the United Kingdom, particularly around London. Adopters tend to be highly productive and larger than other firms, while young adopters tend to hire AI workers more intensively. Human capital appears to play an important role, not only for AI adoption but also for firms’ productivity returns. Significant differences in the characteristics of AI adopters emerge when distinguishing between firms carrying out AI innovation, those with an AI core business, and those searching for AI talent.
    DOI: 10.1787/154981d7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Demand for AI skills in jobs : Evidence from online job postings (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2021/03
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report presents new evidence about occupations requiring artificial intelligence (AI)-related competencies, based on online job posting data and previous work on identifying and measuring developments in AI. It finds that the total number of AI-related jobs increased over time in the four countries considered – Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States – and that a growing number of jobs require multiple AI-related skills. Skills related to communication, problem solving, creativity and teamwork gained relative importance over time, as did complementary software-related and AI-specific competencies. As expected, many AI-related jobs are posted in categories such as “professionals” and “technicians and associated professionals”, though AI-related skills are in demand, to varying degrees, across almost all sectors of the economy. In all countries considered, the sectors “Information and Communication”, “Financial and Insurance Activities” and “Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities” are the most AI job-intensive.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ed32d94-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Which skills for the digital era? : returns to skills analysis (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 09
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Computerunterstützung ; Informationstechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the extent to which different types of skills are rewarded as industries go digital. It relies on information from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills on labour market participation and workers’ skills for 31 countries as well as on a novel OECD index on the digital penetration of industries. It investigates how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are rewarded in digital vs. less digital intensive industries and assesses the extent to which skills bundles matter. The results indicate that digital intensive industries especially reward workers having relatively higher levels of self-organisation and advanced numeracy skills. Moreover, for workers in digital intensive industries, bundles of skills are particularly important: workers endowed with a high level of numeracy skills receive an additional wage premium, if they also show high levels of self-organisation or managing and communication skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a9479b5-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A taxonomy of digital intensive sectors (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 14
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Vereinte Nationen ; 2001 - 2015 ; Industrie ; Klassifikation ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study proposes a taxonomy of sectors according to the extent to which they have gone digital. The taxonomy accounts for some of the key facets of the digital transformation, and recognises that sectors differ in their development and adoption of the most advanced “digital” technologies, in the human capital needed to embed them in production and in the extent to which digital tools are used to deal with clients and suppliers. The indicators used to classify 36 ISIC revision 4 sectors over the period 2001-15 are: share of ICT tangible and intangible (i.e. software) investment; share of purchases of intermediate ICT goods and services; stock of robots per hundreds of employees; share of ICT specialists in total employment; and the share of turnover from online sales. The study further proposes an overall summary indicator of the digital transformation in sectors which encompasses all the considered dimensions.
    DOI: 10.1787/f404736a-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Having the right mix : the role of skill bundles for comparative advantage and industry performance in GVCs (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Humankapital ; Komparativer Vorteil ; Industrie ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Welt ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study investigates the role of countries’ skills endowment for comparative advantage. It tests the theoretical model of Ohnsorge and Trefler (2007) who argue that it is the bundling of various skills at the worker level and their joint distribution that matter for trade specialisation. This departs from the literature assuming that workers are endowed with only one type of skills, generally measured by educational attainment. The model’s predictions are tested using information on cognitive skills from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) and Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data. Results show that workers' skills bundles and their distribution have larger effects on specialisation than countries’ endowment of capital per employee, or the relative endowment of workers possessing different levels of education. Furthermore, this study tests the model of Bombardini et al. (2012) and finds evidence that the within-country dispersion of skills significantly affects specialisation patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/892a4787-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Skills and global value chains : a characterisation (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study follows a job task-based approach to measure the skills of individuals. It exploits information contained in the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) and conducts an exploratory state-of-the-art factor analysis to obtain six task-based skills indicators that are comparable across 31 countries. By combining the PIAAC-based skills indicators with OECD Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data, light is shed on the way skills and their distributions (at the country-industry level) relate to industry performance and to integration into global value chains (GVCs). The results underline the importance of cognitive skills such as literacy, numeracy and problem solving for any industry to thrive in the global economy. Also, a persistent and positive association with labour productivity and participation in GVCs is observed, at the industry level, for non-cognitive skills such as managing and communication skills, ICT skills and workers’ readiness to learn and to think creatively.
    DOI: 10.1787/cdb5de9b-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GVCs, jobs and routine content of occupations (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 187
    Keywords: Outsourcing ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Qualifikation ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; 2000 - 2011 ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work addresses the role of global value chains (GVCs), workforce skills, ICT, innovation and industry structure in explaining employment levels of routine and non-routine occupations. The analysis encompasses 28 OECD countries over the period 2000-2011. It relies on a new country-specific measure of routine intensity built using individual-level information from the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) survey, as well as on new industry-level Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators of offshoring and domestic outsourcing. The results suggest that employment in all types of occupations positively relate to innovation. With respect to offshoring patterns, a positive correlation is observed between the offshoring of inputs and domestic outsourcing with more routine-intensive jobs. Taken together, the results point to the existence of complex interactions between the routine content of occupations, skills, technology and trade, which do not allow for a neat identification of “winners” and “losers” in a GVC context.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm0mq7kr6s8-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The routine content of occupations : new cross-country measures based on PIAAC (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 188
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Beruf ; Ergonomie ; Statistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work proposes a novel measure of the routine content of occupations, called the Routine Intensity Indicator (RII), built on data from the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) survey. The RII uses information about the extent to which workers can modify the sequence of their tasks and decide the type of tasks to be performed on the job. Based on median RII values of individuals in 3-digit occupations across 20 OECD countries, jobs are grouped into quartiles of routine-intensity. On average, in 2012, 46% of employed persons worked in non-routine (18%) or low (28%) routine intensive occupations, with the distribution differing significantly across countries. The relationship between the routine content of occupations and the skills of the workforce is also investigated. While a negative correlation does emerge between skill content and routine intensity – i.e. more routine-intensive occupations tend to be associated with lower skills – this relationship is not necessarily very strong.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm0mq86fljg-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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