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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (41)
  • Nuclear Energy Agency  (25)
  • Mendelsohn, Robert  (16)
  • Environment  (29)
  • Entsorgung  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264179233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Meeting the growing demand for energy, and electricity in particular, while addressing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure security of energy supply, is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world’s economies. No single technology can respond to this challenge, and the solution which policy-makers are seeking lies in the diversification of energy sources. Although nuclear energy currently provides over 20% of electricity in the OECD area and does not emit any carbon dioxide during production, it continues to be seen by many as a controversial technology. Public concern remains over its safety and the management of radioactive waste, and financing such a capital-intensive technology is a complex issue. The role that nuclear power will play in the future depends on the answers to these questions, several of which are provided in this up-to-date review of the status of nuclear energy, as well as on the outcome of research and development on the nuclear fuel cycle and reactor technologies.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264188617
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nuclear energy and renewables
    Keywords: Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energietechnik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energietechnik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report addresses the increasingly important interactions of variable renewables and dispatchable energy technologies, such as nuclear power, in terms of their effects on electricity systems. These effects add costs to the production of electricity, which are not usually transparent. The report recommends that decision-makers should take into account such system costs and internalise them according to a “generator pays” principle, which is currently not the case. Analysing data from six OECD/NEA countries, the study finds that including the system costs of variable renewables at the level of the electricity grid increases the total costs of electricity supply by up to one-third, depending on technology, country and penetration levels. In addition, it concludes that, unless the current market subsidies for renewables are altered, dispatchable technologies will increasingly not be replaced as they reach their end of life and consequently security of supply will suffer. This implies that significant changes in management and cost allocation will be needed to generate the flexibility required for an economically viable coexistence of nuclear energy and renewables in increasingly decarbonised electricity systems.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264060593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 163 S., 2,48 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Considering timescales in the post-closure safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste
    DDC: 621.48/38
    Keywords: Radioactive waste disposal Safety measures ; Radioactive pollution ; Forschungsbericht ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Sicherheit ; Endlager ; Langzeitverhalten
    Abstract: A key challenge in the development of safety cases for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is handling the long time frame over which the radioactive waste remains hazardous. The intrinsic hazard of the waste decreases with time, but some hazard remains for extremely long periods. This report reviews the current status and ongoing discussions of this issue, addressing such issues as ethical principles, the evolution of the hazard over time, uncertainties in the evolution of the disposal system (and how these uncertainties themselves evolve), the stability and predictability of th
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Table of Contents; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE HANDLING OF ISSUES OF TIMESCALES; 3 REPOSITORY SITING AND DESIGN AND THE LEVELS OF PROTECTION REQUIRED IN REGULATION; 4 NATIONAL POLICIES IN THE PLANNING OF PRE- AND POST-CLOSURE ACTIONS; 5 DEVELOPING AND PRESENTING A SAFETY CASE; 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; Appendix 1 The Questionnaire; Appendix 2 Acronyms; Appendix 3 Context for the Responses; Appendix 4 Observations from the Responses;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-102) , "NEA no. 6424 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264060579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 305 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Stability and buffering capacity of the geosphere for long-term isolation of radioactive waste
    DDC: 621.48/38
    Keywords: Radioactive waste disposal Congresses ; Radioactive waste disposal in the ground Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Kristallines Gestein ; Festgestein
    Abstract: Geological settings selected as potential host formations for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are chosen for, among other assets, their long-term stability and buffering capacity against destabilising events and processes. These proceedings present the outcomes of a geosphere stability workshop, held in November 2007, that focused on crystalline and other types of hard, fractured rocks. The workshop underscored the fact that many such rocks are intrinsically stable environments that evolve extremely slowly and provide good buffering against external events and processes. The
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; General Framework: Crystalline Rocks as Host Formations; Examples of Key Processes Affecting the Geosphere for Crystalline Rock; Arguments to Support Confidence in the Stability of Crystalline Rocksas Potential Host Formations; Response and Resilience of Crystalline Rock to Natural Perturbationsand Geosphere Evolution (buffering); Poster Session;
    Note: "NEA No. 6362 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 299-301) , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, S. Niggol Differential Adaptation Strategies By Agro-Ecological Zones In African Livestock Management
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal species ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy cattle ; Environment ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock operation ; Livestock ownership ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Sheep ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal species ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy cattle ; Environment ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock operation ; Livestock ownership ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Sheep ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal species ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy cattle ; Environment ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock operation ; Livestock ownership ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Sheep ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources
    Abstract: This paper examines how farmers have adapted their livestock operation to the current climate in each agro-ecological zone in Africa. The authors examine how climate has affected the farmer's choice to raise livestock or not and the choice of animal species. To measure adaptation, the analysis regresses the farmer's choice on climate, soil, water flow, and socio-economic variables. The findings show that climate does in fact affect the farmer's decision about whether to raise livestock and the species. The paper also simulates how future climates may alter these decisions using forecasts from climate models and the estimated model. With a hot dry scenario, livestock ownership will increase slightly across all of Africa, but especially in West Africa and high elevation agro-ecological zones. Dairy cattle will decrease in semi-arid regions, sheep will increase in the lowlands, and chickens will increase at high elevations. With a mild and wet scenario, however, livestock adoption will fall dramatically in lowland and high latitude moist agro-ecological zones. Beef cattle will increase and sheep will fall in dry zones, dairy cattle will fall precipitously and goats will rise in moist zones, and chickens will increase at high elevations but fall at mid elevations. Livestock adaptations depend on the climate scenario and will vary across the landscape. Agro-ecological zones are a useful way to capture how these changes differ from place to place
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, S. Niggol A Ricardian Analysis of The Distribution of Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture Across Agro-Ecological Zones In Africa
    Keywords: Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; IPCC ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Rural Development ; Soil ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; IPCC ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Rural Development ; Soil ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; IPCC ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Rural Development ; Soil
    Abstract: This paper examines the distribution of climate change impacts across the 16 agro-ecological zones in Africa using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization combined with economic survey data from a Global Environment Facility/World Bank project. Net revenue per hectare of cropland is regressed on a set of climate, soil, and socio-economic variables using different econometric specifications "with" and "without" country fixed effects. Country fixed effects slightly reduce predicted future climate related damage to agriculture. With a mild climate scenario, African farmers gain income from climate change; with a more severe scenario, they lose income. Some locations are more affected than others. The analysis of agro-ecological zones implies that the effects of climate change will vary across Africa. For example, currently productive areas such as dry/moist savannah are more vulnerable to climate change while currently less productive agricultural zones such as humid forest or sub-humid zones become more productive in the future. The agro-ecological zone classification can help explain the variation of impacts across the landscape
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, Niggol Differential Adaptation Strategies To Climate Change In African Cropland By Agro-Ecological Zones
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Cropland ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Ecological Zones ; Ecological zone ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmers ; Farms ; Fruits ; Millet ; Vegetables ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Cropland ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Ecological Zones ; Ecological zone ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmers ; Farms ; Fruits ; Millet ; Vegetables ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Cropland ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Ecological Zones ; Ecological zone ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmers ; Farms ; Fruits ; Millet ; Vegetables
    Abstract: This paper quantifies how African farmers have adapted their crop and irrigation decisions to their farm's current agro-ecological zone. The results indicate that farmers carefully consider the climate and other conditions of their farm when making these choices. These results are then used to forecast how farmers might change their irrigation and crop choice decisions if climate changes. The model predicts African farmers would adopt irrigation more often under a very hot and dry climate scenario but less often with a mild and wet scenario. However, farms in the deserts, lowland humid forest, or mid elevation humid forest would reduce irrigation even in the very hot and dry climate scenario. Area under fruits and vegetables would increase Africa-wide with the very hot and dry climate scenario, except in the lowland semi-arid agro-ecological zone. Millet would increase overall under the mild and wet scenario, but decline substantially in the lowland dry savannah and lowland semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Maize would be chosen less often across all the agro-ecological zones under both climate scenarios. Wheat would decrease across Africa. The authors recommend that care must be taken to match adaptations to local conditions because the optimal adaptation would depend on the agro-ecological zone and the climate scenario
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, S. Niggol A Structural Ricardian Analysis of Climate Change Impacts And Adaptations In African Agriculture
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farm ; Farm income ; Farm incomes ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Farming ; Farms ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soils ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farm ; Farm income ; Farm incomes ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Farming ; Farms ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soils ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farm ; Farm income ; Farm incomes ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Farming ; Farms ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soils
    Abstract: This paper develops a Structural Ricardian model to measure climate change impacts that explicitly models the choice of farm type in African agriculture. This two stage model first estimates the type of farm chosen and then the conditional incomes of each farm type after removing selection biases. The results indicate that increases in temperature encourage farmers to adopt mixed farming and avoid specialized farms such as crop-only or livestock-only farms. Increases in precipitation encourage farmers to shift from irrigated to rainfed crops. As temperatures increase, farm incomes from crop-only farms or livestock-only farms fall whereas incomes from mixed farms increase. With precipitation increases, farm incomes from irrigated farms fall whereas incomes from rainfed farms increase. Naturally, the Structural Ricardian model predicts much smaller impacts than a model that holds farm type fixed. With a hot dry climate scenario, the Structural Ricardian model predicts that farm income will fall 50 percent but the fixed farm type model predicts farm incomes will fall 75 percent
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, Niggol Long-Term Adaptation
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Agroclimatic conditions ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Ecological Zones ; Ecological zone ; Environment ; FAO ; Farm ; Farmers ; Farming ; Farms ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Poor households ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Agroclimatic conditions ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Ecological Zones ; Ecological zone ; Environment ; FAO ; Farm ; Farmers ; Farming ; Farms ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Poor households ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Agroclimatic conditions ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Ecological Zones ; Ecological zone ; Environment ; FAO ; Farm ; Farmers ; Farming ; Farms ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Poor households ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems
    Abstract: Using economic data from more than 8,500 household surveys across 10 African countries, this paper examines whether the choice of farm type depends on the climate and agro-ecological zone of each farm. The paper also studies how farm type choice varies across farmers in each zone, using a multinomial logit choice model. Farmers are observed to choose from one of the following five types of farms: rainfed crop-only, irrigated crop-only, mixed rainfed (crop and livestock), mixed irrigated, and livestock-only farming. The authors compare current decisions against future decisions as if the only change were climate change. They focus on two climate scenarios from existing climate models: the Canadian Climate Centre scenario, which is hot and dry, and the Parallel Climate Model scenario, which is mild and wet. The results indicate that the change in farm types varies dramatically by climate scenario but also by agro-ecological zone. Policy makers must be careful to encourage the appropriate suite of measures to promote the most adapted farm type to each location
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wang, Jinxia How China's Farmers Adapt To Climate Change
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Cotton ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farmers ; Maize ; Oil crops ; Potatoes ; Poverty Reduction ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sugar ; Vegetables ; Wheat ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Cotton ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farmers ; Maize ; Oil crops ; Potatoes ; Poverty Reduction ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sugar ; Vegetables ; Wheat ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Cotton ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farmers ; Maize ; Oil crops ; Potatoes ; Poverty Reduction ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sugar ; Vegetables ; Wheat
    Abstract: This paper uses a cross sectional method to analyze irrigation choice and crop choice across 8,405 farmers in 28 provinces in China. The findings show that Chinese farmers are more likely to irrigate when facing lower temperatures and less precipitation. Farmers in warmer places are more likely to choose oil crops, maize, and especially cotton and wheat, and are less likely to choose vegetables, potatoes, sugar, and especially rice and soybeans. In wetter locations, farmers are more likely to choose soybeans, oil crops, sugar, vegetables, cotton, and especially rice, and they are less likely to choose potatoes, wheat, and especially maize. The analysis of how Chinese farmers have adapted to current climate, provides insight into how they will likely adapt when climate changes. Future climate scenarios will cause farmers in China to want to reduce irrigation and shift toward oil crops, wheat, and especially cotton. In turn, farmers will shift away from potatoes, rice, vegetables, and soybeans. However, adaptation will likely vary greatly from region to region. Policy makers should anticipate that adaptation is important, that the magnitude of changes depends on the climate scenario, and that the desired changes depend on the location of each farm
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wang, Jinxia Can China Continue Feeding Itself ?
    Keywords: Agricultural Commodities ; Agriculture ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Common Property Resource Development ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gases ; Ipcc ; Precipitation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Temperature ; Agricultural Commodities ; Agriculture ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Common Property Resource Development ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gases ; Ipcc ; Precipitation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Temperature ; Agricultural Commodities ; Agriculture ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Common Property Resource Development ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gases ; Ipcc ; Precipitation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Temperature
    Abstract: Several studies addressing the supply and demand for food in China suggest that the nation can largely meet its needs in the coming decades. However, these studies do not consider the effects of climate change. This paper examines whether near future expected changes in climate are likely to alter this picture. The authors analyze the effect of temperature and precipitation on net crop revenues using a cross section consisting of both rainfed and irrigated farms. Based on survey data from 8,405 households across 28 provinces, the results of the Ricardian analysis demonstrate that global warming is likely to be harmful to China but the impacts are likely to be very different in each region. The mid latitude region of China may benefit from warming but the southern and northern regions are likely to be damaged by warming. More precipitation is beneficial to Chinese farmers except in the wet southeast. Irrigated and rainfed farmers have similar responses to precipitation but not to temperature. Warmer temperatures may benefit irrigated farms but they are likely to harm rainfed farms. Finally, seasonal effects vary and are offsetting. Although we were able to measure the direct effect of precipitation and temperature, we could not capture the effects of change in water flow which will be very important in China. Can China continue feeding itself if climate changes? Based on the empirical results, the likely gains realized by some farmers will nearly offset the losses that will occur to other farmers in China. If future climate scenarios lead to significant reductions in water, there may be large damages not addressed in this study
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep Crop Selection
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Availability of seed ; Beans ; Choice of crops ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farmers ; Groundnut ; Maize ; Millet ; Soils ; Sorghum ; Agriculture ; Availability of seed ; Beans ; Choice of crops ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farmers ; Groundnut ; Maize ; Millet ; Soils ; Sorghum ; Agriculture ; Availability of seed ; Beans ; Choice of crops ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Farmers ; Groundnut ; Maize ; Millet ; Soils ; Sorghum
    Abstract: This paper examines whether the choice of crops is affected by climate in Africa. Using a multinomial logit model, the paper regresses crop choice on climate, soils, and other factors. The model is estimated using a sample of more than 7,000 farmers across 11 countries in Africa. The study finds that crop choice is very climate sensitive. For example, farmers select sorghum and maize-millet in the cooler regions of Africa; maize-beans, maize-groundnut, and maize in moderately warm regions' and cowpea, cowpea-sorghum, and millet-groundnut in hot regions. Further, farmers choose sorghum, and millet-groundnut when conditions are dry; cowpea, cowpea-sorghum, maize-millet, and maize when medium wet; and maize-beans and maize-groundnut when wet. As temperatures warm, farmers will shift toward more heat tolerant crops. Depending on whether precipitation increases or decreases, farmers will also shift toward drought tolerant or water loving crops, respectively. There are several policy relevant conclusions to draw from this study. First, farmers will adapt to climate change by switching crops. Second, global warming impact studies cannot assume crop choice is exogenous. Third, this study only examines choices across current crops. Future farmers may well have more choices. There is an important role for agronomic research in developing new varieties more suited for higher temperatures. Future farmers may have even better adaptation alternatives with an expanded set of crop choices specifically targeted at higher temperatures
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mendelsohn, Robert Climate change adaptation in Africa
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef cattle ; Chickens ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef cattle ; Chickens ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef cattle ; Chickens ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources
    Abstract: This paper uses quantitative methods to examine the way African farmers have adapted livestock management to the range of climates found across the African continent. The authors use logit analysis to estimate whether farmers adopt livestock. They then use three econometric models to examine which species farmers choose: a primary choice multinomial logit, an optimal portfolio multinomial logit, and a demand system multivariate probit. Comparing the results of the three methods of estimating species selection reveals that the three approaches yield similar results. Using data from over 9,000 African livestock farmers in 10 countries, the analysis finds that farmers are more likely to choose to have livestock as temperatures increase and as precipitation decreases. Across all methods of estimating choice, livestock farmers in warmer locations are less likely to choose beef cattle and chickens and more likely to choose goats and sheep. As precipitation increases, cattle and sheep decrease but goats and chickens increase. The authors simulate the way farmers' choices might change with a set of uniform climate changes and a set of climate model scenarios. The uniform scenarios predict that warming and drying would increase livestock ownership but that increases in precipitation would decrease it. The climate scenarios predict a decrease in the probability of beef cattle and an increase in the probability of sheep and goats, and they predict that more heat-tolerant animals will dominate the future African landscape
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (18 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, Niggol An Analysis of Livestock Choice
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef Cattle ; Chickens ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy Cattle ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Feed ; Goats ; Livesto ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Income ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef Cattle ; Chickens ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy Cattle ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Feed ; Goats ; Livesto ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Income ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef Cattle ; Chickens ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy Cattle ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Feed ; Goats ; Livesto ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Income ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources
    Abstract: The authors explore how Latin American livestock farmers adapt to climate by switching species. They develop a multinomial choice model of farmer's choice of livestock species. Estimating the models across over 1,200 livestock farmers in seven countries, they find that both temperature and precipitation affect the species Latin American farmers choose. The authors then use this model to predict how future climate scenarios would affect species choice. Global warming will cause farmers to switch to beef cattle at the expense of dairy cattle
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (24 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, Niggol An Analysis of Crop Choice
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Choice of Crops ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Fao ; Farm ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Farms ; Fruits ; Maize ; Planning ; Potatoes ; Poverty Reduction ; Reports ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Single Crop ; Soil Types ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Choice of Crops ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Fao ; Farm ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Farms ; Fruits ; Maize ; Planning ; Potatoes ; Poverty Reduction ; Reports ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Single Crop ; Soil Types ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Choice of Crops ; Climate Change ; Crop ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Fao ; Farm ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Farms ; Fruits ; Maize ; Planning ; Potatoes ; Poverty Reduction ; Reports ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Single Crop ; Soil Types
    Abstract: The authors explore how Latin American farmers adapt to climate by changing crops. They develop a multinomial choice model of farmer's choice of crops. Estimating the model across over 2,000 farmers in seven countries, they find that both temperature and precipitation affects the crops that Latin American farmers choose. Farmers choose fruits and vegetables in warmer locations and wheat and potatoes in cooler locations. Farms in wetter locations are more likely to grow rice, fruits, and squash, and in dryer locations maize and potatoes. Global warming will cause Latin American farmers to switch away from wheat and potatoes toward fruits and vegetables. Predictions of the impact of climate change must reflect not only changes in yields or net revenues per crop but also crop switching
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Fleischer, Aliza Climate Change, Irrigation, And Israeli Agriculture
    Keywords: Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Climate Models ; Climate Sensitivity ; Common Property Resource Development ; Economic Impacts ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Climate Change ; Impacts ; Industry ; Irrigation ; Land ; Less ; Rural Development ; Town Water Supply and Sanit ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Supply and Systems ; Water and Industry ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Climate Models ; Climate Sensitivity ; Common Property Resource Development ; Economic Impacts ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Climate Change ; Impacts ; Industry ; Irrigation ; Land ; Less ; Rural Development ; Town Water Supply and Sanit ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Supply and Systems ; Water and Industry ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Climate Models ; Climate Sensitivity ; Common Property Resource Development ; Economic Impacts ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Climate Change ; Impacts ; Industry ; Irrigation ; Land ; Less ; Rural Development ; Town Water Supply and Sanit ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Supply and Systems ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: The authors use a Ricardian model to test the relationship between annual net revenues and climate across Israeli farms. They find that it is important to include the amount of irrigation water available to each farm in order to measure the response of farms to climate. With irrigation water omitted, the model predicts that climate change is strictly beneficial. But with water included, the model predicts that only modest climate changes are beneficial, while drastic climate change in the long run will be harmful. Using the Atmospheric Oceanic Global Circulation Models scenarios, the authors show that farm net revenue is expected to increase by 16 percent in 2020, while in 2100 farm net revenue is expected to drop by 60-390 percent varying between the different scenarios. Although Israel has a relatively warm climate, a mild increase in temperature is beneficial due to the ability to supply international markets with farm products early in the season. The findings lead to the conclusion that securing water rights to the farmers and international trade agreements can be important policy measures to help farmers adapt to climate change
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, Niggol A Ricardian Analysis of The Impact of Climate Change On Latin American Farms
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Impacts ; Climate Sensitivity ; Climate Variables ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; GDP ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gases ; Impacts ; Irrigation ; Land ; Land ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Impacts ; Climate Sensitivity ; Climate Variables ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; GDP ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gases ; Impacts ; Irrigation ; Land ; Land ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Impacts ; Climate Sensitivity ; Climate Variables ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; GDP ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gases ; Impacts ; Irrigation ; Land ; Land ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems
    Abstract: This study estimates the vulnerability of Latin American agriculture to climate change using a Ricardian analysis of both land values and net revenues. Examining a sample of over 2,500 farms in seven countries, the results indicate both land value and net revenue are sensitive to climate. Both small farms and large farms have a hill-shaped relationship with temperature. Estimating separate regressions for dryland and irrigated farms reveals that dryland farms are more sensitive to temperature but irrigated farms are more sensitive to precipitation. Examining the effects from future climate change scenarios reveals that severe scenarios could reduce farm earnings by as much as 62 percent by 2100, whereas more moderate scenarios could reduce earnings by about 15 percent. Small and large farms are equally sensitive to global warming. Land value and net revenue analyses produce quite similar results
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mendelsohn, Robert Endogenous irrigation
    Keywords: Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Drought Management ; Elasticity ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Irrigation ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Soil ; Temperature ; Temperature Change ; Water Resources ; Water Resources Assessment ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Drought Management ; Elasticity ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Irrigation ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Soil ; Temperature ; Temperature Change ; Water Resources ; Water Resources Assessment ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Drought Management ; Elasticity ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Irrigation ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Soil ; Temperature ; Temperature Change ; Water Resources ; Water Resources Assessment ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Systems
    Abstract: Previous Ricardian analyses of agriculture have either omitted irrigation or treated irrigation as though it is exogenous. In practice, it is a choice by farmers that is sensitive to climate. This paper develops a choice model of irrigation in the context of a Ricardian model of cropland. The authors examine how climate affects the decision to use irrigation and then how climate affects the net revenues of dryland and irrigated land. This Ricardian "selection" model, using a modified Heckman model, is then estimated across 8,400 farmers in Africa. The analysis explicitly models irrigation but controls for the endogeneity of irrigation. The authors find that the choice of irrigation is sensitive to both temperature and precipitation. Simulations of the welfare impacts of several climate scenarios demonstrate that a model which assumes irrigation is exogenous provides a biased estimate of the welfare effects of climate change. If dryland and irrigation are to be estimated separately in the Ricardian model, irrigation must be modeled endogenously. The results also indicate that African agriculture is sensitive to climate change. Many farmers in Africa will experience net revenue losses from warming. Irrigated farms, on the other hand, are more resilient to temperature change and, on the margin, are likely to realize slight gains in productivity. But any reduction in precipitation will be especially deleterious to dryland farmers, generally the poorest segment of the agriculture community. The results indicate that irrigation is an effective adaptation against loss of rainfall and higher temperatures provided there is sufficient water available. This will be an effective remedy in select regions of Africa with water. However, for many regions there is no available surface water, so that warming scenarios with reduced rainfall are particularly deleterious
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mendelsohn, Robert Changing Farm Types And Irrigation As An Adaptation To Climate Change In Latin American Agriculture
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Climate Impacts ; Common Property Resource Development ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; Irrigation ; Land ; Land Use ; Land Value ; Less ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Models ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soil ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Climate Impacts ; Common Property Resource Development ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; Irrigation ; Land ; Land Use ; Land Value ; Less ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Models ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soil ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Changes ; Climate Impacts ; Common Property Resource Development ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Forestry ; Irrigation ; Land ; Land Use ; Land Value ; Less ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Models ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soil
    Abstract: This paper estimates a model of a farm that treats the choice of crops, livestock, and irrigation as endogenous. The model is composed of a multinomial choice of farm type, a binomial choice of irrigation, and a set of conditional land value functions. The model is estimated across over 2,000 farmers in seven Latin America countries. The results quantify how farmers adapt their choice of farm type and irrigation to their local climate. The results should help governments develop effective adaptation policies in response to climate change and improve the forecasting of climate effects. The paper compares the predicted effects of climate change using both endogenous and exogenous models of farm choice
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mendelsohn, Robert The impact of climate change on livestock management in Africa
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal husbandry ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef cattle ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal husbandry ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef cattle ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal husbandry ; Animals ; Beef ; Beef cattle ; Environment ; Farm ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Farmers ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Wildlife Resources
    Abstract: This paper develops the structural Ricardian method, a new approach to modeling agricultural performance using cross-sectional evidence, and uses the method to study animal husbandry in Africa. The model is intended to estimate the structure beneath Ricardian results in order to understand how farmers change their behavior in response to climate. A survey of over 5,000 livestock farmers in 10 countries reveals that the selection of species, the net income per animal, and the number of animals are all highly dependent on climate. As climate warms, net income across all animals will fall, especially across beef cattle. The fall in net income causes African farmers to reduce the number of animals on their farms. The fall in relative revenues also causes them to shift away from beef cattle and toward sheep and goats. All farmers will lose income but the most vulnerable farms are large African farms that currently specialize in beef cattle. Small livestock and large livestock farms respond to climates differently. Small farms are diversified, relying on dairy cattle, goats, sheep, and chickens. Large farms specialize in dairy and beef cattle. Estimating a separate multinomial logit selection model for small and large farms reveals that the two types of farm choose species differently and specifically have different climate response functions. The regressions of the number of animals also reveal that large farms are more responsive to climate. The results indicate that warming will be harmful to commercial livestock owners, especially cattle owners. Owners of commercial livestock farms have few alternatives either in crops or other animal species. In contrast, small livestock farms are better able to adapt to warming or precipitation increases by switching to heat tolerant animals or crops. Livestock operations will be a safety valve for small farmers if warming or drought causes their crops to fail
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9264024867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Series Statement: Nuclear development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Advanced nuclear fuel cycles and radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cycles du combustible nucléaire avancés et gestion des déchets radioactifs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Advanced nuclear fuel cycles and radioactive waste management
    Keywords: Kernenergie ; Nukleare Entsorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Actinoide ; Endlagerung ; Entsorgung ; Kernbrennstoff ; Spaltprodukt
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264026544
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Energy Today
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Die Studie befasst sich mit den wichtigsten gegenwärtigen Fragen zur Kernenergie, und gibt einen zuverlässigen, auf Fakten gestützten Überblick über die Thematik. In der Studie werden die grundlegenden Fragen angesprochen, die für die Kernenergiedebatte heute von Bedeutung sind. Es werden wissenschaftliche und technologische Grundlagen ausgearbeitet sowie Fakten und offene Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung radioaktiver Abfälle, der kerntechnischen Sicherheit, dem Strahlenschutz, der Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie dem internationalen Atomrecht und der Nichtverbreitung von Kernwaffen behandelt. Es wird die Kernenergie im Kontext der nachhaltigen Entwicklung betrachtet und auch auf das Potenzial neuer Kernenergie-Technologien eingegangen.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264007321
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dealing with interests, values and knowledge in managing risk
    DDC: 363.7289
    Keywords: Nukleare Entsorgung ; Risikomanagement ; Belgien ; Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Konferenzschrift ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Abfallwirtschaftsplan
    Abstract: These workshop proceedings deal with the local partnership methodology employed in Belgium in order to develop an integrated proposal to the national government to construct and operate a disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste that is adapted to local conditions. The partnerships were formed among representatives of local organisations in affected communities and representatives of the Belgian national radioactive waste management agency. Insights are provided into a unique - and so far very successful - governance approach to dealing with interests, values and knowledge in managing risk.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264023734
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Series Statement: Gestion des déchets radioactifs
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste Management; Overview of 15 NEA Member Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste Management: Overview of 15 NEA Member Countries
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Gesetzgebung ; Recht ; Lizenzvergabe
    Abstract: Ce rapport décrit les premiers résultats des travaux du Forum des régulateurs du Comité de l’AEN de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC). Il offre une synthèse de la situation dans 15 pays membres de l’AEN. Il présente des informations sur les politiques nationales en matière de gestion des déchets radioactifs, les contextes institutionnels, les cadres législatifs et réglementaires, les orientations existantes, et les catégories et sources de déchets. Il fait également le point sur la gestion des déchets, les questions en suspens, ainsi que les programmes de R-D connexes.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264104341
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Développement de l'énergie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants; Policies, Strategies and Costs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants: Policies, Strategies and Costs
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy ; Kernkraftwerk ; Bemessung ; Stilllegung
    Abstract: Le démantèlement des centrales nucléaires est un sujet qui suscite un intérêt grandissant de la part des pouvoirs publics et de l’industrie à mesure que les unités en exploitation arrivent en fin de vie. Ce rapport, qui s’appuie sur des données fournies par 26 pays et analysées par des experts d’agences gouvernementales et de l’industrie, porte sur des réacteurs de types et de tailles très variés. Les enseignements tirés de l’étude sur les éléments de coût du démantèlement et les facteurs qui expliquent la variabilité de ces coûts intéresseront les analystes et les décideurs dans le domaine de l’énergie nucléaire.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264103306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Kernenergie heute
    DDC: 621.48
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Meeting the growing demand for energy, and electricity in particular, while addressing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure security of energy supply, is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world’s economies. No single technology can respond to this challenge, and the solution which policy makers are seeking lies in the diversification of energy sources. Although nuclear energy currently provides over 20% of electricity in the OECD area and does not emit any carbon dioxide during production, it continues to be seen by many as a controversial technology. Public concern remains over its safety and the management of radioactive waste, and financing such a capital-intensive technology is a complex issue. The role that nuclear power will play in the future depends on the answers to these questions, several of which are provided in this up-to-date review of the status of nuclear energy, as well as on the outcome of research and development on the nuclear fuel cycle and reactor technologies.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Démantèlement des centrales nucléaires ; Politiques, stratégies et coûts
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is a topic of increasing interest to governments and the industry as many nuclear units approach retirement. This report, based upon data provided by 26 countries and analysed by government and industry experts, covers a variety of reactor types and sizes. The findings on decommissioning cost elements and driving factors in their variance will be of interest to analysts and policy makers in the nuclear energy field.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264103436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection radiologique de l'environnement ; Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection radiologique de l'environnement : Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment. This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, identification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264103443
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: Protection radiologique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Radiological Protection of the Environment; Summary Report of the Issues
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Radiological Protection of the Environment: Summary Report of the Issues
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Le système de protection radiologique est actuellement en cours de révision afin de le rendre plus simple, plus clair et mieux en adéquation avec les besoins des parties prenantes. Au cours de ce processus évolutif, une attention particulière est accordée au développement d’un système explicite pour la protection radiologique de l’environnement. C’est dans ce contexte que l’AEN a organisé, en étroite collaboration avec la Commission internationale de protection radiologique, un forum sur la protection radiologique de l’environnement. Ce rapport présente les questions-clés abordées lors du forum. Elles portent sur le développement durable, l’identification de ce qu’il faut protéger, la définition de détriment, le niveau nécessaire de réglementation, une approche intégrée de la protection, l’utilisation d’approches similaires pour l’homme et l’environnement, les bases pratiques pour un système de protection environnemental et les conséquences en termes de formation.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264103313
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Développement de l'énergie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Energy Today
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Kernenergie heute
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy ; Kernenergie ; Energiebedarf
    Abstract: L’énergie nucléaire est une technologie complexe au passé controversé et qui suscite des interrogations. Dans le même temps, elle peut nous apporter des bienfaits considérables. Pour pouvoir apprécier les perspectives d’avenir de cette technologie, le public souhaite être éclairé sur toute une série de questions : • Dans quelle mesure l’énergie nucléaire est-elle sûre ? • L’énergie nucléaire est-elle compétitive sur le plan économique ? • Quelle contribution l’énergie nucléaire peut-elle apporter pour atteindre les objectifs de réduction des gaz à effet de serre ? • Que faire des déchets radioactifs ? • Le recours à l’énergie nucléaire augmente-t-il le risque de prolifération des armes nucléaires ? • Les ressources sont-elles suffisamment abondantes et sûres pour permettre une exploitation prolongée de l’énergie nucléaire ? • L’énergie nucléaire pourra-t-elle être mieux maîtrisée demain qu’aujourd’hui ? Cet ouvrage apporte des réponses factuelles et fondées à toutes ces questions. Conçu d’abord pour informer les responsables politiques, il intéressera aussi les dirigeants d’entreprise, les universitaires, les journalistes et le grand public.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264299146
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: La mise en oeuvre du Protocole de Kyoto et l’application de ses mécanismes de flexibilité sont au premier plan des débats de politique énergétique dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Le rôle que l’énergie nucléaire est susceptible de jouer dans ce contexte est envisagé de façons diverses, et sur la base de critères différents, par les parties prenantes des gouvernements et de la société civile en fonction de leurs intérêts et de leurs priorités respectives. Cet ouvrage présente des informations clés sur l’énergie nucléaire et le Protocole de Kyoto. Il met en lumière les défis et les opportunités associés au développement futur de l’énergie nucléaire dans le contexte de la mise en oeuvre du Protocole de Kyoto et plus largement dans la lutte contre les risques de changement climatique global. Il s’adresse aux décideurs en matière de politique énergétique, aux experts dans ce domaine et aux membres de la société civile soucieux de mieux comprendre les questions soulevées par le débat sur le rôle de l’énergie nucléaire dans le cadre du développement durable. Il aidera à définir les arbitrages nécessaires pour faire face aux préoccupations relatives au changement climatique planétaire.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264296220
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Développement de l'énergie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy ; Kernbrennstoffkreislauf ; Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Le rôle de l’énergie nucléaire dans une perspective de développement durable dépend de multiples facteurs dont un nombre important sont liés au cycle du combustible. Ce rapport décrit les développements et les tendances dans le domaine du cycle susceptibles d’améliorer la compétitivité et la durabilité des systèmes énergétiques nucléaires à moyen et long terme. Des critères et des indicateurs d’évaluation des futurs systèmes énergétiques nucléaires sont également présentés dans cet ouvrage.Préparé par des experts de l’industrie, de la recherche et d’agences gouvernementales, ce rapport s’adresse principalement aux personnes associées à l’élaboration des politiques et à la prise de décision relative à l’énergie nucléaire.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264199149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire et le Protocole de Kyoto
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the application of its "flexible mechanisms" are at the forefront of energy policy debates in most OECD countries. The potential role of nuclear energy in this context is viewed very differently and assessed against various criteria by the range of stakeholders in governments and civil society according to their interests and priorities. This book provides key facts concerning nuclear energy and the Kyoto Protocol. It highlights the challenges and opportunities for the future development of nuclear energy in the context of implementing the Kyoto Protocol, and more broadly in alleviating the risks of global climate change.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264192935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Using thermodynamic sorption models for guiding radioelement distribution coefficient (Kd) investigations
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Sicherheitsanalyse ; Entsorgung
    Abstract: A general consensus has been reached among technical experts that high-level radioactive waste can safely be disposed of in deep geological repositories. Safety studies are carried out to evaluate the overall capacity of a particular disposal site to confine waste and minimise radioactive releases. Since the principal way in which radioactive elements might eventually reach the biosphere is by transport of dissolved radionuclides in groundwater, the safety study calculations must be able to estimate their rate of transfer through each of the barriers surrounding the repository. It is well known that, for many radioelements, sorption reactions can lead to a reduction of the amount of radionuclides present in the solution phase. How best to take radionuclide sorption reactions into account in repository performance assessment models is the subject of this book.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9264193081
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Gas generation and migration in radioactive waste disposal
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Gasemission
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9264193537
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Scenario development methods and practice
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Szenario
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264196223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le cycle du combustible nucléaire ; Aspects économiques, environnementaux et sociaux
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The role of nuclear energy in a sustainable development context has multiple facets, a significant number of which relate to the nuclear fuel cycle. This report provides a description of the developments and trends in the nuclear fuel cycle that may improve the competitiveness and sustainability of nuclear generating systems over the medium and long term. It also presents criteria and indicators for future nuclear energy systems. Prepared by experts from the nuclear industry, government agencies and research organisations, this report will be of interest to those involved in nuclear energy policy and decision making.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187634
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le point sur l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Geologic disposal of radioactive waste in perspective
    DDC: 363.72/89
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nukleare Entsorgung ; Geologie ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Geologie
    Abstract: One of the challenges facing the continued availability of nuclear energy is that of ensuring the safe, environmentally acceptable and economic management of the waste generated during its production. There is a broad scientific and technical consensus that disposal of high-level, long-lived radioactive waste in deep geologic formations is an appropriate and safe means of isolating it from the biosphere for very long time scales. There have, however, been setbacks in the disposal programmes in many countries, primarily due to the failure of the waste management community to win sufficient public and political support. This report, which is based on recent work of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), reviews the progress to date in this field and the further steps that may be required to implement geologic disposal, taking into account both the technical and regulatory requirements, and the need to achieve an appropriate level of societal acceptance.This book should be of interest to government and industry decision makers, academics and all those eager to better understand what is at stake in this widely debated subject and the prospects that emerge.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264287631
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Perspective
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Geologie
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264280540
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Gestion des déchets radioactifs
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste; Review of Developments in the Last Decade
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Review of Developments in the Last Decade
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Endlager ; Geologie
    Abstract: L’idée d’isoler de l’environnement humain les déchets radioactifs à vie longue en les stockant dans des dépôts profonds remonte à plusieurs décennies. Depuis, les recherches réalisées dans le monde ont renforcé nos connaissances et notre compréhension du fonctionnement des systèmes de stockage souterrain sur des périodes très longues. On a également bien avancé vers la réalisation de ces installations. Cependant, les programmes d’évacuation des déchets radioactifs ont subi des retards dans plusieurs pays. Ce rapport fait le tour des évolutions intervenues dans le domaine de l’évacuation au cours de la dernière décennie. Les principales sources de données de l’étude sont les réponses à un questionnaire, fournies par les organismes s’occupant de la gestion des déchets représentés au sein du Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC). Ce comité regroupe des experts internationaux issus d’autorités de sûreté, d’agences de gestion de déchets, d’institutions de R-D ainsi que des organismes décisionnels
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789246180547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs ; Bilan des dix dernières années
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs : Bilan des dix dernières années
    DDC: 621.48/38
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Untertagedeponie ; Entsorgung ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    Abstract: The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries. This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.
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