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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (15)
  • OECD  (8)
  • Haščič, Ivan  (6)
  • Cárdenas Rodríguez, Miguel  (2)
  • Paris : OECD  (15)
  • Environment  (15)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (15)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264505377
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (378 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als COVID-19 and well-being
    Schlagwort(e): Coronavirus ; Epidemie ; Lebensqualität ; Zufriedenheit ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: COVID-19 and Well-being: Life in the Pandemic explores the immediate implications of the pandemic for people’s lives and livelihoods in OECD countries. The report charts the course of well-being – from jobs and incomes through to social connections, health, work-life balance, safety and more – using data collected during the first 12-15 months of the pandemic. It also takes stock of what has happened to human, economic, social and natural capital that, beyond their effects on people’s lives today, shape living conditions for years to come. It shows how COVID-19 has had far-reaching consequences for how we live, work and connect with one another, and how experiences of the pandemic varied widely, depending on whether and where people work, their gender, age, race and ethnicity, education and income levels. The report also examines the role that well-being evidence can play in supporting governments’ pandemic recovery efforts. It argues that a well-being lens can prompt policy-makers to refocus on the outcomes that matter the most to people, to redesign policy content from a more multidimensional perspective, to realign policy practice across government silos, and to reconnect people with the public institutions that serve them.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 17
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.17
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The investment choices we make in the coming years will either lock-in a climate-compatible, inclusive growth pathway, or a high-carbon, inefficient and unsustainable pathway for decades to come. Cities and regions, responsible for 60% of public investment in OECD countries, are significant contributes to spending and investment related to climate. With high levels of inequalities in many cities, the success of the transition will depend on the ability of local governments to engage in a “just” transition. This paper focuses on how national and sub-national governments can align subnational financial flows to transition towards low-carbon, resilient and inclusive cities. The paper is a contribution from the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative and to the OECD Programme on Subnational Finance and Investment.
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 18
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.18
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Brazil ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: National development banks (NDBs) and development finance institutions – domestically focused, publicly owned financial institutions with a specific development mandate – are poised to play a role in bridging the investment gap for climate-compatible infrastructure in developing countries. But delivering on the Paris Agreement will require NDBs to transition from their traditional role as ‘financer’ to ‘mobiliser’ of investment for infrastructure, and to be better recognised in the international climate and development finance landscape. This paper highlights the role of NDBs drawing from case studies of the Brazilian Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. As such, it provides important impetus to the international discourse on decisive climate action.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 16
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.16
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Embracing new technologies that could enable drastic reductions in GHG emissions will be key to delivering low-emissions pathways for growth, but it is not always obvious what the big breakthroughs will look like. This report looks at how blockchain technology can be applied to support sustainable infrastructure investment that is aligned with climate change objectives. It focuses on three key points: the financing of infrastructure initiatives, the creation of visibility and alignment of climate action, and the provisioning of awareness and access for institutions and consumers.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264062382 , 9789264085169 , 9789264298804
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (454 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Atkinson, Giles, 1969 - Cost benefit analysis and the environment
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomik ; Environment ; Governance ; Economics ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomik ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomie
    Kurzfassung: This book explores recent developments in environmental cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This is defined as the application of CBA to projects or policies that have the deliberate aim of environmental improvement or are actions that affect, in some way, the natural environment as an indirect consequence. It builds on the previous OECD book by David Pearce et al. (2006), which took as its starting point that a number of developments in CBA, taken together, altered the way in which many economists would argue CBA should be carried out and that this was particularly so in the context of policies and projects with significant environmental impacts. It is a primary objective of the current book not only to assess more recent advances in CBA theory but also to identify how specific developments illustrate key thematic narratives with implications for practical use of environmental CBA in policy formulation and appraisal of investment projects. Perhaps the most significant development is the contribution of climate economics in its response to the challenge of appraising policy actions to mitigate (or adapt to) climate change. Work in this area has increased the focus on how to value costs and benefits that occur far into the future, particularly by showing how conventional procedures for establishing the social discount rate become highly problematic in this intergenerational context and what new approaches might be needed. The contribution of climate economics has also entailed thinking further about uncertainty in CBA, especially where uncertain outcomes might be associated with large (and adverse) impacts.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 96
    Schlagwort(e): Ballungsraum ; Luftverschmutzung ; Suburbanisierung ; Bayes-Statistik ; Europa ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the relationship between local air pollution and urban structure with an emphasis on urban fragmentation. Using a unique dataset of 249 Large Urban Zones (LUZ) across Europe, a Bayesian Model Averaging selection method is employed to empirically identify the determinants of within-LUZ concentration of three air pollutants: NO2, PM10 and SO2 for the year 2006. Several indices of land use are considered among possible determinants. These are supplemented by a dataset on various economic, demographic and meteorological variables that can explain the variation of air pollution. The results of this econometric analysis support the hypothesis that urban structure has significant effects on pollution concentration. In particular, they suggest that fragmented urban areas experience higher concentrations of NO2 and PM10 and that densely populated urban areas suffer from higher SO2 concentration. The findings suggest that policies favouring continuous urban areas may result in environmental improvements.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (58 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 89
    Schlagwort(e): Umwelttechnik ; Innovation ; Patent ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper refines indicators to measure innovation in environment-related technologies, drawing on recent methodological advances that allow a more accurate assessment of environment-related innovation in a broader range of countries and covering a greater variety of the relevant technologies. Three indicators are discussed in the paper: an indicator of technology development (a measure of inventive activity) in over 80 specific environmental technologies; an indicator of international collaboration in technology development (a measure of co-invention); and an indicator of technology diffusion (a measure of market protection). These indicators provide a range of tools for assessing innovative performance in country and policy studies. The indicators are based on patent data because they have a number of attractive properties compared to other alternatives: they are widely available, quantitative, commensurable, output-oriented and capable of being disaggregated – an important advantage when analysing environmental technologies. At the same time, not all innovations or inventions are patented, and measuring the number of patents by itself does not provide an indication of their relative importance and impact. Techniques have been developed to overcome these limitations, yet it is important to carefully interpret patent-based indicators.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
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  • 8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 67
    Schlagwort(e): 2000 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Investitionspolitik ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Private Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the effects of government policies on flows of private finance for investment in renewable energy (inducement effect). It also examines whether direct provision of public finance for a project increases the volume of private finance raised (“crowding in” effect). A unique dataset of financial transactions for renewable energy projects with worldwide coverage is constructed using the Bloomberg New Energy Finance database. The analysis covers 87 countries, six renewable energy sectors (wind, solar, biomass, small hydropower, marine and geothermal) and the 2000-2011 time-span. Main findings are that, in contrast to quota-based schemes, price-based support schemes are positively correlated with investors’ ability to raise private finance. The paper suggests that, rather than the type of instrument (price vs. quota), it is the specific design of such schemes that is key to providing a predictable signal and an effective incentive to attract private investors. It is also found that public finance supports precisely those projects that have had difficulty raising private finance (co-financed projects), where neither quota-based measures nor price-based support schemes have a significant effect on private finance flows. This raises the concern that in the absence of well-designed policies which incentivise private finance investment, governments wishing to secure project completion have no other choice than to support projects directly through the use of public finance.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (75 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2013/06
    Schlagwort(e): Ballungsraum ; Mehrebenen-System ; Stadtentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Technologiepolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Klimawandel ; Chicago (Ill.) ; Illinois ; Wisconsin ; Indiana ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United States ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This working paper assesses opportunities and policies for green growth in the Chicago Tri-State Metropolitan Area. It first examines the Chicago metro-region's economic and environmental performance and potential constraints to regional growth, and identifies emerging regional specialisations in green products and services. This is followed by a review of sector-specific policies that can contribute to green jobs, green firms and urban attractiveness, with particular attention to energy-efficient buildings, the wind energy industry, public transportation, and the water and waste sectors. Finally, the working paper considers the role of workforce, innovation and governance policies, focusing on skill shortages and skill mismatches in the regional labour market, ways to make the most of the region's innovation assets, and opportunities for regional institutional co-ordination.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (101 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2013/07
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Urbanisierung ; China ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This working paper assesses national policy and governance mechanisms that can influence green growth in Chinese cities. It applies the OECD conceptual framework for urban green growth to examine the potential challenges and opportunities for increasing economic growth through reducing the environmental impact of urban land use, transport and buildings; through improving water and air quality; and through fostering supply and demand of green products and services. The paper first situates the issue of green growth within the nexus of urbanisation and environmental challenges now facing China. This is followed by a review of environmental and quality of life challenges posed by rapid urbanisation. Opportunities for national policies to influence green growth in four key urban policy sectors are then examined. The paper concludes with an assessment of governance challenges and considers potential changes to facilitate economic growth while reducing the environmental impact of cities.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (122 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2013/15
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2013/15
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturpolitik ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Brandenburg ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Germany ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The transition towards a green economy is a key factor for growth and prosperity in the German federal state of Brandenburg. Future living conditions will be determined by the course set now. We have to decide today how we want to live tomorrow, not only in economic terms, but also with regard to environmental stewardship. I am convinced that there is no alternative to a green transition when it comes to shaping the world to be a place worth living in. There are issues we have to deal with, but first and foremost there are great opportunities to seize. The relevant players in Brandenburg are aware of complex challenges resulting from the present transitional process. They are redoubling their efforts to promote further economic development towards sustainability. This study presents the green growth path of the regional growth core (RGC) Schönefelder Kreuz.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 57
    Schlagwort(e): 1990 - 2009 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Energiehandel ; Elektrische Energietechnik ; Netzinfrastruktur ; Politikfeldanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, will become increasingly important in the electricity supply mix if ambitious renewable energy targets are to be met. This paper presents evidence on the effectiveness of different strategies and measures to increase the capacity utilisation of wind and other intermittent renewable energy plants. As countries progress towards more ambitious renewables penetration objectives, it is essential that the installed capacity does not end up idle and the investment ‘wasted’. The analysis is based on data for 31 OECD countries over the period 1990- 2009. Wind speed, dispatchable power, transmission capacity and energy storage are found to have positive and significant impacts on capacity utilisation. For example, if domestic grids are poorly refurbished European countries will have to invest an additional USD 38 billion worth of investment in wind power generating capacity by 2020 in order to meet the EU renewables objectives. Cross-border electricity trade is also found to have a positive impact on wind power plant capacity utilisation, albeit only at the high end of historic levels of penetration. Up to USD 25 billion worth of investment in wind power capacity by 2020 could be avoided – while still meeting the objectives – if electricity trade within the European Union is enhanced.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 13
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 51
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Büroimmobilien ; Energieeinsparung ; Arbeitskräfte ; Verhalten in Organisationen ; Experiment ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Default options have been shown to affect behaviour in a variety of economic choice tasks, including health care and retirement savings. Less research has tested whether defaults affect behaviour in the domain of energy efficiency. This study uses data from a randomized controlled experiment in which the default settings on office thermostats in an OECD office building were manipulated during the winter heating season, and employees’ chosen thermostat setting observed over a 6 week period. Using difference-in-differences, panel, and censored regression models (to control for maximum allowable thermostat settings), we find that a 1°C decrease in the default caused a reduction in the chosen setting by 0.38°C on average. Sixty-five percent of this effect could be attributed to office occupant behaviour (p-value=0.044). The difference-in-differences model shows that small decreases in the default (1°) led to a greater reduction in chosen settings than large decreases (2°). We also find that office occupants who are more apt to adjust their thermostats prior to the intervention were less susceptible to the default. We find no evidence that offices with multiple occupants displayed different patterns in thermostat choices than single-occupant offices. We conclude that this kind of intervention can increase building-level energy efficiency, and discuss potential explanations and broader policy implications of our findings.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 45
    Schlagwort(e): 1978 - 2008 ; Klimawandel ; Elektrische Energietechnik ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Technologiepolitik ; Patent ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the determinants of invention in efficiency-enhancing electricity generation technologies that have the potential to facilitate climate change mitigation efforts, including fossil fuelbased technologies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, renewables and nuclear technologies. The evolution of inventive activity in these technologies is analysed by considering patent data for 11 OECD countries over the period 1978-2008. The analysis considers various drivers of inventive activity, including R&D expenditures and electricity consumption, but pay particular attention to the role of fossil fuel prices because they suggest the impact that price mechanisms such as emissions trading and carbon taxes are likely to have on invention in the electricity generation sector. The results show that the effect of fossil fuel prices varies according to the different types of technologies. As fossil fuel prices increase, inventive activity in renewable energy technologies increases while the effect of on fossil fuel-based technologies is positive but with decreasing increments. The results show that there is no effect of fossil fuel prices on patenting activity in nuclear energy technologies. These results illustrate that there may be a price-induced switching between renewable and fossil fuel-based technologies. As fossil fuel prices rise, an efficiency effect encourages inventive activity in both fossil fuelbased and renewable technologies. As fossil fuel prices increase further, invention in fossil fuel-based technologies starts declining suggesting that a substitution effect drives away innovation from fossil fuelbased towards renewable energy technologies.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 15
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 50
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Technologietransfer ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Klimapolitik ; Patent ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Afrika ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents comparative data on innovation in selected climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies in the context of Africa. Such analysis informs policy aimed at encouraging international technology transfer and development of domestic innovation capacities. We present detailed analysis of the role of Africa in development of these technologies (invention), and then move on to examine Africa as a technology market (as reflected in patenting). In addition, we briefly touch upon the question of cross-border technology development (co-invention) in Africa. Despite Africa’s generally low volume of inventive activity in these fields in comparison with other countries, inventive activity is disproportionately directed towards mitigation and adaptation technologies. In addition, the rate of international co-invention for most mitigation and adaptation technologies is much higher in Africa than in the rest of the world. And finally, rates of protection of climate technologies at African intellectual property offices are high relative to other technologies. Nonetheless, it must be emphasized that a relatively small number of inventions are protected in Africa, providing evidence that IP is not a barrier to technology transfer and diffusion.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. und arab. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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