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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4)
  • Büge, Max  (2)
  • Lopez Gonzalez, Javier  (2)
  • Paris : OECD  (4)
  • Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
  • Trade  (4)
  • 1
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    Participation of developing countries in global value chains : implications for trade and traderelated policies (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 179
    Keywords: Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Vorleistungen ; Investition ; Handelsabkommen ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Entwicklungsländer ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Although global value chains (GVCs) are often considered a defining feature of the current wave of globalisation, little is known about: i) what drives GVC participation; ii) what the benefits associated to growing participation are; or iii) how developing countries engage and benefit from GVCs. This paper tackles these questions empirically. The evidence indicates there are important benefits to be had from wider participation in terms of enhanced productivity, sophistication and diversification of exports. Structural factors, such as geography, size of the market and level of development are found to be key determinants of GVC participation. Trade and investment policy reforms as well as improvements of logistics and customs, intellectual property protection, infrastructure and institutions can, however, also play an active role in promoting further engagement. A more in-depth analysis of GVC participation and policy context in five developing sub-regions in Africa, the Middle East and Asia highlights key differences and similarities, and can be a starting point for policy makers in the regions to assess their countries’ GVC engagement and to consider policy options.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5js33lfw0xxn-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
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    Trade, global value chains and wage-income inequality (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 182
    Keywords: Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Einkommensverteilung ; Globalisierung ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The rise in global value chain (GVC) participation has coincided with significant changes in the distribution of wage income both within and across countries. This paper sets out to identify the linkages between these phenomena. It shows that GVC participation has a small effect on the distribution of wages and, when it has, it can reduce wage inequality when it concerns participation related to low-skilled segments of the labour force. This suggests that the potential tensions between equity and aggregate economic outcomes of GVC participation hold only in particular cases, namely when participation relates to high-skilled segments of the labour force. For policy-makers seeking to maximise the benefits of GVC participation, questions of a more equitable distribution of returns to workers might focus on skill-upgrading of low-skilled labour by promoting further tertiary education and development of skills.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5js009mzrqd4-en
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  • 3
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    Assessing the trade-related sources of productivity growth in emerging economies (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 158
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Schwellenländer ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper contributes new empirical evidence on the relationship between productivity and international trade. This is accomplished using an econometric approach that combines input-output and productivity data, which allows a more detailed tracking of the relationship between trade in intermediate and final products and productivity in countries at different stages of economic development. The results show that various forms of trade integration strongly support productivity in emerging economies. Exporting final products, importing intermediates for domestic production and re-exporting are all associated with higher productivity levels, pointing to the particular importance for this country grouping of being able to integrate into regional and global value chains. Our results emphasise also important linkages between different economic sectors and call for broad-based approaches to facilitating integration with foreign intermediate inputs and final products markets.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k437p82nxq1-en
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  • 4
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    State-owned enterprises : trade effects and policy implications (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 147
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; WTO-Recht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Außenhandel ; Eigentümerstruktur ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: With a growing integration via trade and investment, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that have traditionally been oriented towards domestic markets increasingly compete with private firms in the global market place. Three principal questions emerge from the international trade perspective: (1) How important is state ownership in the global economy; (2) What types of advantages granted to SOEs by governments (or disadvantages afflicting them) are inconsistent with the key principles of the non-discriminatory trading system; and (3) What policies and practices support effective competition among all market participants? Using a sample of world‘s largest firms and their foreign subsidiaries, this paper shows that the extent of state presence in various countries and economic sectors is significant. Moreover, many of the countries with the highest SOE shares and economic sectors with strong SOE presence are intensely traded. The potential for economic distortions is hence large, if some of these SOEs benefit from unfair advantages granted to them by governments–an allegation that is often raised in political and business circles. Existing information on such advantages is often either anecdotal or limited to individual cases. As a groundwork for future analysis and building on the existing information and literature, this paper presents a conceptual discussion of how potential SOE advantages can generate cross-border effects. It also describes several cases when actions of SOEs as well as advantages allegedly granted to them by governments have been contested as inconsistent with national or international regulations, albeit with varying degree of success. This may be partially explained by the fact that existing regulatory frameworks that discipline some forms of anti-competitive behaviour of SOEs have been designed with domestic objectives in mind or were conceived at times when the state sector was oriented primarily towards domestic markets. The survey of existing rules at the national, bilateral and multilateral levels presented in this paper is a first step in determining whether there is a need to fill any gaps and in finding the most constructive ways of doing so.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4869ckqk7l-en
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