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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4,322)
  • Online Resource  (4,322)
  • 2015-2019  (4,112)
  • 1975-1979  (210)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4,091)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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  • Online Resource  (4,322)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The changing landscape of agricultural markets and trade : prospects for future reforms (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/7dec9074-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contemporary civil-military relations in the Sahel (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 19 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper examines the evolution and the contemporary state of civil-military relations in the francophone Sahel (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal). In a first step, the paper traces the emergence of excessive political influence of the armed forces (praetorianism) in the Sahel. Out of these, only Senegal has remained under civilian rule since independence. The other countries have experienced military dictatorship at some point. Over the last thirty years, the Sahel has seen a shift toward more civilian oversight in political affairs. In Chad and Mauritania, however, the armed forces remain the pre-eminent political actor. In Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, sections of the armed forces refuse to accept civilian rule. The second part examines the various challenges and tasks the armed forces in all six countries have been involved in over the last two decades. Although these challenges differ substantially across the six individual countries, the Sahel as a whole continues to struggle primarily with domestic security threats. The paper concludes with guidelines designed to foster civilian oversight and democratic reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/f17713c9-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311053-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring consumer inflation in a digital economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2019, 1
    Keywords: Inflation ; Digitalisierung ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Verbraucherpreisindex ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The effect on the household consumption price index from possible sources of error in capturing digital products depends on the weight of the affected products. To calculate upper bounds for this effect, we apply weights based on the average structure of household consumption in OECD countries to a maximum plausible overstatement of price change for each affected or potentially affected product. The products account for about 35% of household expenditure in 2005, declining to 32% in 2015. The upper bound simulation effect on the growth rate of the consumption deflator is somewhat less than –0.6 percentage points in 2015 – large enough to improve the picture of GDP and productivity growth in advanced economies. However, this would not overturn the conclusion that productivity growth has slowed substantially compared over the past decades.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/1d002364-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Closing gaps in national regulations against IUU fishing (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 120
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper identifies the progress achieved by individual countries in implementing internationally recognised best policies and practices against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing since 2005. It aims to inspire and guide governments and all stakeholders in the fisheries sector in how to focus their effort and investment to step up their fight against IUU fishing. The paper builds on a suite of policy indicators that investigate the extent to which countries meet their responsibilities in the most important dimensions of government intervention in relation to IUU fishing. The indicators show considerable improvement in fighting IUU fishing over the last decade, in line with international treaties and voluntary agreements. They also point to the gaps that need to be closed to individually and collectively work towards eliminating IUU fishing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b86ba08-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Employment in agriculture and food trade : assessing the role of GVCS (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 124
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agricultural sectors are increasingly integrated into international markets as global value chains (GVCs) expand. This integration is helping to drive value added growth in the sector, including the returns that flow to labour. This report explores the impact that trade and agro-food GVC participation has on labour returns and thereby employment not only within the agricultural sectors, but across other sectors of the economy. At the global level, trade and agro-food GVCs generated an average of between 20-26% of total agricultural workforce returns between 2004 and 2014, and labour returns were generated from both direct participation in trade and from indirect participation through other downstream sectors. This report finds that the impact on economy-wide labour returns is on average greater for countries specialising in direct exports of primary products as compared to those specialising in indirect agricultural exports. Evidence also shows that agricultural subsidies have a negative impact both on labour returns from primary sector exports and the returns generated indirectly from processing-sector exports.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ed3b181-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influencing GVCs through agro-food policy and reform (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 125
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; CGE-Modell ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors contribute to sector growth and development. However, agricultural trade is subject to significant distortions that limit trade which in turn impacts on its competitiveness world-wide. Using the OECD Metro model, this study analyses the impact of trade and domestic support policies on participation in agro-food GVCs and the benefits that flow from them. The results show that current market access barriers and distorting forms of domestic support have a negative effect not only on welfare, but also on the possible benefits from participation in agro-food GVCs. If barriers, i.e. tariffs and quotas, were removed this would offer the potential to increase welfare, increase exports of agro-food domestic value added from all countries, and promote trade by furthering GVC links through value added. This study also shows that regional trade agreements have the potential to deepen GVC linkages amongst members.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ce888e0-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Navigating pathways to reform water policies in agriculture (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 128
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Wasserpolitik ; Wasserpreis ; Subvention ; Bewässerung ; Grundwasser ; Gewässerbelastung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report offers a guide on potential reform pathways towards sustainable agriculture water use, based on a thorough review of selected past water and agriculture reforms and extensive consultation with policy experts. A theory of change is developed that emphasises the importance of flexibility in the timing and design of reform processes to achieve practical and effective policy changes. Governments should prepare future reforms, via continued research, education, and governance efforts, to help take advantage of reform opportunities when the timing is right. Five necessary conditions are identified for a successful reform process: (i) support evidence-based problem definition, objective setting and evaluations; (ii) ensure that governance and institutions are aligned with the policy change; (iii) engage stakeholders strategically and build trust; (iv) rebalance economic incentives to mitigate short run economic losses; and (v) define an adjustable smart reform sequencing that provides flexibility in the long run. These conditions are found to be necessary to implement four challenging policy changes: charging water use in agriculture; removing subsidies that negatively impact water resources, regulating groundwater use and addressing nonpoint source pollution. But the relative effort that governments need to devote to fulfilling each of the five conditions will vary depending on the policy change.
    DOI: 10.1787/906cea2b-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intra-EEA STRI database : methodology and results (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 223
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on regulatory barriers affecting services trade within the European Economic Area (EEA), covering 25 EEA countries, 22 sectors and five years (2014-2018). Following the methodology of the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), qualitative information is scored and weighted to produce binary composite indices. The resulting intra-EEA STRIs reveal that services trade restrictiveness within the Single Market is considerably lower than the applied MFN regime of those EEA members. Moreover, they show that EEA members have achieved significant regulatory harmonisation through their integration process.
    DOI: 10.1787/2aac6d21-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International technology transfer policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 222
    Keywords: Technologietransfer ; Außenhandel ; Auslandsinvestition ; Wettbewerb ; Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of “forcing” technology transfer. Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is perceived to be, or is in fact, compelled. This study presents a discussion of the continuum of measures related to international technology transfer (ITT) and aims to identify those measures that pose the greatest concern over their potential to compel disclosure of commercially valuable and sensitive technology. It then briefly presents information on provisions in international trade and investment agreements that are relevant to ITT. The last section presents the perspective from the private sector in order to better understand how firms engage in technology transfers through research collaboration, licensing, joint ventures, and equity investments. The analysis in this report indicates that involuntary technology transfer is a complex issue, and it aims to provide a way for policy makers to think through the issues, to apply a systematic and analytical approach to assessing which policies are of the greatest concern.
    DOI: 10.1787/7103eabf-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and economic effects of IRC : further empirical evidence from SPS and TBT provisions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
    DOI: 10.1787/8648b6ca-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investing in youth : Peru (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Peru
    Abstract: The present report on Peru is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of social, employment, education and training policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), and Norway (2018).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305823-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SMEs : key drivers of green and inclusive growth (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 03
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) are important stakeholders for both environmental and economic policymaking. Among OECD countries, they represent roughly 99.7% of all enterprises and 60% of total employment. Simultaneously, while their individual environmental footprint is small, on aggregate, SMEs contribute up to 70% of industrial pollution in Europe. Thus, they have tremendous potential as drivers of green and inclusive growth. Through a comprehensive literature review, this issue paper assesses the trade-offs and synergies between SMEs’ ability to deliver green growth – through greening processes like eco-innovation and adoption of green measures - and their ability to contribute to inclusive growth – through job creation and inclusive business models. This issue paper also reviews relevant policy measures that can help SMEs navigate the opportunities and challenges in delivering green and inclusive growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/8a51fc0c-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
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    Transmission of antimicrobial resistance from livestock agriculture to humans and from humans to animals (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 133
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Krankheit ; Menschen ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The emergence of a resistant pathogen reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing or treating an infection caused by a micro-organism, thus increasing morbidity and mortality and leading to higher economic costs to livestock producers. An understanding of the underlying disease dynamics is crucial in finding appropriate solutions to containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This report synthesises the evidence on the potential modes of transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals and vice versa. In particular, the important role of the environment in the transmission chain is discussed as well as practices to break this link. This report also illustrates some of the commonly shared antibiotic classes that are used in human medicine and animal production, and the overall trends in the usage of these antibiotics. While information on transmission of resistance is sparse, the report highlights several priority areas where future research could focus in order to bring a greater understanding of these interactions.
    DOI: 10.1787/fcf77850-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leeks : International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables = Poireaux : Normes internationales pour les fruits et légumes (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264735026
    Language: English , French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Leeks Standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of leeks.
    Note: Text Englisch und Französisch
    DOI: 10.1787/dbf45fde-en-fr
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Businesses and health in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 22 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/6721f08d-en
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  • 17
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    Integrating gender analysis into food & nutrition security early warning systems in West Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 24 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Integrating gender dimensions into early warning systems is critical to support equitable crisis prevention and response. This paper investigates the extent to which food and nutrition security early warning systems (FNS EWS) in the Sahel and West Africa are gender-responsive and highlights existing gaps at national and regional levels. Progress has been made by key partners and stakeholders towards strengthening the gender analysis of FNS EWS, however, these efforts have not led to a unified reconfiguration of joint FNS EWS mechanisms to be more gender-responsive. More concerted efforts are required to assess and track the gender dimensions of FNS EWS to inform more equitable emergency prevention and response. This paper provides timely policy directions to support stakeholders’ efforts in strengthening the gender-responsiveness of early warning systems in the Sahel and West Africa.
    DOI: 10.1787/abd5f499-en
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  • 18
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    Bio-economy and the sustainability of the agriculture and food system : opportunities and policy challenges (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 136
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The bio-economy is gaining increasing prominence in the policy debate, with several countries developing bio-economy strategies to decouple economic growth from dependence on fossil fuel, as well a pathway to supporting some of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement. This report analyses the opportunities and policy challenges facing the bio-economy in transitioning to a more sustainable agro-food system. It provides an overview of national bio-economy- strategies based on a literature review and information provided by governments in response to a questionnaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/d0ad045d-en
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  • 19
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    Educating 21st century children : emotional well-being in the digital age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264959941
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Educating 21st century children
    Keywords: Kinder ; Kinderbetreuung ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: What is the nature of childhood today? On a number of measures, modern children’s lives have clearly improved thanks to better public safety and support for their physical and mental health. New technologies help children to learn, socialise and unwind, and older, better-educated parents are increasingly playing an active role in their children's education. At the same time, we are more connected than ever before, and many children have access to tablets and smartphones before they learn to walk and talk. Twenty-first century children are more likely to be only children, increasingly pushed to do more by “helicopter parents” who hover over their children to protect them from potential harm. In addition to limitless online opportunities, the omnipresent nature of the digital world brings new risks, like cyber-bullying, that follow children from the schoolyard into their homes. This report examines modern childhood, looking specifically at the intersection between emotional well-being and new technologies. It explores how parenting and friendships have changed in the digital age. It examines children as digital citizens, and how best to take advantage of online opportunities while minimising the risks. The volume ends with a look at how to foster digital literacy and resilience, highlighting the role of partnerships, policy and protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7f33425-en
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  • 20
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    Providing new OECD evidence on tourism trade in value added (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers no. 2019, 01
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: The ability to measure the economic impacts of tourism provides policy makers with the evidence necessary to ensure that future policies are targeted to meet strategic objectives. However, despite significant work on tourism economics, notably with the Tourism Satellite Account, a deeper understanding is needed of how tourism trade directly and indirectly contributes to the economic growth and competitiveness of countries. This report scopes out the benefits and challenges of analysing tourism from a trade in value added perspective. It identifies the priority actions to strength the underlying ‘value chain’ of national statistics needed to build analyses tourism from a trade in value added perspective, and sets out a roadmap to make progress. It builds on wider OECD work on Trade in Value Added (TiVA), and represents a first attempt to better link tourism data with the underlying Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) infrastructure. Pilot country analysis for Canada, Portugal and the United Kingdom is presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6072d28-en
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  • 21
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    Maritime subsidies : do they provide value for money? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 70
    Series Statement: Case-specific policy analysis
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The shipping sector receives subsidies, tax breaks and other forms of financial support from governments. This report gives an overview of direct and indirect subsidies available to maritime transport in OECD countries and assesses whether they provide value for taxpayers’ money. Based on this, the report offers recommendations on how policy-makers can increase the effectiveness of maritime subsidies.
    Note: References page 63-69 , Adobe Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/919d4222-en
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  • 22
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    OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264840249
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Dritte Ausgabe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Publishing OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur konstruktiven Stakeholderbeteiligung im Rohstoffsektor
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Governance ; Development ; Richtlinie ; OECD ; Bergbauindustrie ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Bewaffneter Konflikt ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Rohstoffgewinnung ; Mineralischer Rohstoff ; Supply Chain Management ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Zertifizierung ; Bergbau
    Abstract: Der Handel mit mineralischen Rohstoffen sowie Investitionen in diese Ressourcen bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Generierung von Einkommen, Wachstum und Wohlstand, zur Existenzsicherung und lokalen Entwicklungsförderung. Allerdings finden sich diese Bodenschätze zu weiten Teilen in Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten, wo sie in großem Umfang abgebaut werden. Dies kann direkt oder indirekt zu bewaffneten Konflikten und schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen führen und die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung beeinträchtigen. Der OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten enthält offiziell unterstützte Empfehlungen, mit denen Firmen Schritt für Schritt zu einem verantwortungsvollen globalen Lieferkettenmanagement für alle Mineralien angeleitet werden, damit sie die Menschenrechte achten und durch ihre Entscheidungen und Praktiken beim Einkauf von Mineralien oder Metallen keinen Beitrag zu Konflikten leisten. Dieser Leitfaden kann von allen Unternehmen angewandt werden, die Mineralien oder Metalle jedweder Art aus Konflikt- bzw. Hochrisikogebieten beziehen könnten. Ziel ist die Schaffung transparenter, konfliktfreier Lieferketten und ein nachhaltiges unternehmerisches Engagement im Bereich der mineralischen Rohstoffe.
    Note: Volltext: PDF , Gesehen am 06.02.2020
    DOI: 10.1787/3d21faa0-de
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 23
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Luxembourg 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264597181
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Luxembourg 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Luxemburg ; Taxation ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ba732bf-en
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  • 24
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    Voix citoyenne au Maroc : Le rôle de la communication et des médias pour un gouvernement plus ouvert (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264766891 , 9789264342293 , 9789264306608
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Morocco
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse comment le cadre institutionnel et politique existant au Maroc en matière de communication peut renforcer la transparence et la participation des citoyens. Compte tenu des réformes liées aux écosystèmes des médias, le rapport s’intéresse à la contribution de ces derniers aux initiatives du gouvernement ouvert. Il examine les opportunités et défis rencontrés par les citoyens et les journalistes dans leurs tentatives pour accéder à l’information, et la capacité des médias en ligne, du journalisme civique et des médias associatifs et locaux de renforcer la transparence et de favoriser l’engagement des citoyens. Le rapport envisage diverses réponses possibles aux enjeux actuels de la désinformation et des discours de haine, et suggère des voies de réforme susceptibles d’être soutenues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306608-fr
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  • 25
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    Voix citoyenne en Tunisie : Le rôle de la communication et des médias pour un gouvernement plus ouvert (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264475434 , 9789264306622 , 9789264645790
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse comment le cadre institutionnel et politique existant en Tunisie en matière de communication peut renforcer la transparence et la participation des citoyens. Compte tenu des changements socio-politiques importants intervenus depuis le Printemps arabe, le rapport s’intéresse à la contribution des écosystèmes médiatiques tunisiens aux initiatives du gouvernement ouvert. Il examine les opportunités et les défis rencontrés par les citoyens et les journalistes dans leurs tentatives pour accéder à l’information, et la capacité des médias en ligne, du journalisme civique et des médias associatifs et locaux de renforcer la transparence et de favoriser l’engagement des citoyens. Le rapport envisage diverses réponses possibles aux enjeux actuels de la désinformation et des discours de haine, et suggère des voies de réforme susceptibles d’être soutenues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306622-fr
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  • 26
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Hidalgo, Mexico (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310414 , 9789264310391 , 9789264310407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hidalgo (Staat) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico ; Staat Hidalgo ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Hidalgo is one of the smallest states in Mexico. It benefits from its close proximity to Mexico City and contains a number of economic and environmental assets in its territory. After a long period of economic stagnation, the state is now closing up the gap with national standards. Yet, productivity and income levels remain low with respect to national levels, and there exist high socio-economic disparities between the south of the state and the municipalities in the northern and mountainous area. This review looks at how the state of Hidalgo is seeking to boost its economy, particularly through a series of institutional reforms and policies to improve the business environment. It highlights opportunities to accelerate the economic convergence and transit towards high-value added economic sectors. The review also identifies a number of recommendations to promote inclusive growth and reduce its north-south divide and offers suggestions to address governance challenges in the territory.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310391-en
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  • 27
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    Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina : Lograr un cambio sistémico y sostenido (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308022 , 9789264908314 , 9789264336186
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Integrity Review of Argentina: Achieving Systemic and Sustained Change
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina
    Abstract: El Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina evalúa los esfuerzos recientes para transformar las iniciativas aisladas del marco de integridad argentino en un sistema de integridad coherente y que abarque a la sociedad en su conjunto. Dicho estudio presenta propuestas de acción concretas parte de una estrategia de integridad que sustente las reformas actuales. Asimismo, provee algunas ideas sobre cómo operacionalizar un enfoque de administración de riesgos de corrupción y mejorar la función de auditoría en el gobierno. Finalmente, en el documento se evalúa el proceso de toma de decisiones y se brindan opciones para incrementar su transparencia e integridad, en miras a lograr políticas sujetas a rendición de cuentas y más equitativas.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g98f15-es
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  • 28
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    Community Education and Training in South Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264617452 , 9789264312302 , 9789264930384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Community education and training in South Africa
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Südafrika ; Education ; Employment ; South Africa
    Abstract: Adult learning systems play a crucial role in helping people adapt to the changing world of work and develop relevant skills. Community Education and Training has been brought forward as a possible way to foster adult learning in South Africa, especially among disadvantaged groups. South Africa has a relatively large group of adults who have low levels of education and skills, and limited opportunities for skills development. This report looks at the potential role that Community Education and Training could play in South Africa, how the system should be financed, how to align the training offer with community needs, and how to ensure high-quality provision. The report provides international good practise examples and suggests actions that South African stakeholders might consider to develop the Community Education and Training system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312302-en
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  • 29
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    Femmes et réseaux marchands en Afrique de l’Ouest (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264448544
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Women and Trade Networks in West Africa
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les femmes contribuent largement à l’économie alimentaire de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, perpétuant une longue tradition de commerce et participant aux échanges frontaliers et au rayonnement régional. Ces activités se heurtent à de nombreux obstacles mais présentent de fortes opportunités, que le rapport souligne par une analyse relationnelle et spatiale inédite des réseaux sociaux. Celle-ci est conduite au niveau de la filière du riz dans la zone du Dendi (Bénin, Niger et Nigéria) et des réseaux de gouvernance régionaux promouvant l’entrepreneuriat féminin. Le rapport confirme l’effet attracteur du Nigéria porté par sa démographie et son urbanisation croissante. Il propose le développement de politiques publiques innovantes fondées sur le renforcement du capital social féminin et des options politiques pour une meilleure intégration des diverses initiatives entreprises par les États, les organisations internationales et non gouvernementales en matière d’autonomisation et de renforcement de la résilience des femmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/2466d2f7-fr
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  • 30
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Niederlande ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/fdce8e7f-en
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  • 31
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    Good Governance for Critical Infrastructure Resilience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591134 , 9789264410503 , 9789264988521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for critical infrastructure resilience
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Good Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.
    DOI: 10.1787/02f0e5a0-en
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  • 32
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    Social Protection System Review of Indonesia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264573628 , 9789264370456 , 9789264851139
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social protection system review of Indonesia
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Indonesien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Indonesia ; OECD Development Centre ; Indonesien ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialpolitik ; Sozialhilfe ; Effektivität
    Abstract: Indonesia has made impressive progress in reducing income inequality and improving living standards since the Asian Financial Crisis but the decline in poverty has slowed in recent years while inequality has risen and a large part of the population remains vulnerable. The Government of Indonesia has recognised the potential of social protection to address these challenges and to underpin a long-term development strategy based on more inclusive economic growth. As a consequence, social assistance programmes have grown significantly in recent years while social insurance has undergone major reforms. The Government is gradually realising its vision of a system of social protection, based on comprehensive and coherent coverage for all age groups.The Social Protection System Review of Indonesia charts the evolution of social protection. It explores the current context for social protection and how this is likely to evolve in the future, analyses the extent to which existing programmes are aligned to those needs and how effective these programmes are at reducing poverty. It also examines the financing of social protection. Finally, it proposes policies to enhance the social protection system across a number of dimensions, including programmes, institutions, financing and information architecture.
    DOI: 10.1787/788e9d71-en
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  • 33
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    Addressing Problematic Opioid Use in OECD Countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264934207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing problematic opioid use in OECD countries
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Drogenkonsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Arzneimittel ; Drogenkonsum
    Abstract: Over the past few years, Canada and the United States have been experiencing an opioid crisis as a result of problematic opioid use fueled by the emergence of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and carfentanil. Problematic opioid use is also spreading in other OECD countries, due to the upward trend of prescription opioid use and the complexities of the illegal drug supply. This report presents evidence on the magnitude of problematic opioid use across OECD countries, describes the main drivers, and identifies a set of policy actions to address them. The report highlights the opioid crisis as a complex public health issue that requires a comprehensive approach across all sectors, including health, social services, and law enforcement. Strong health information systems are also needed, particularly data and research. Preventing problematic opioid use requires a combination of policies that ensure more information is provided to patients and health care practitioners, while providing access to appropriate pain management treatment for patients. A public health approach to problematic opioid use must incorporate socio-economic considerations (e.g. employment and housing), which also need to be addressed to prevent problematic substance use in general.
    DOI: 10.1787/a18286f0-en
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  • 34
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    OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Croatia 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264463035 , 9789264894600 , 9789264773325
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Kroatien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia ; Kroatien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik
    Abstract: This review was prepared in response to Croatia's 2015 request to adhere to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. It assesses the climate for domestic and foreign investment in Croatia, its ability to comply with the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination and its policy convergence with the OECD Declaration, including responsible business conduct practices, and discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by the government of Croatia in its reform efforts. Capitalising on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment, this review includes chapters on foreign investment trends and performance, foreign investor entry and operations, the legal and institutional framework for investment protection, investment promotion and facilitation, public governance, and policies to promote and enable responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bf079ba-en
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  • 35
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    Agricultural Policies in Argentina (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264313705 , 9789264313699 , 9789264311695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas Agrícolas en Argentina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural policies in Argentina
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Argentinien ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Argentina
    Abstract: The Food and Agriculture Reviews provide a comprehensive assessment of agricultural policies and calculate a set of policy indicators developed by the OECD. These indicators are regularly used in the analysis of the agriculture and food sector in OECD countries and several emerging economies. This review analyses both the indicators available for Argentina and the main agricultural policy areas, such as trade, innovation, sustainability, risk management and value chains. It also provides a series of policy recommendations. Argentina’s agricultural sector has undergone a considerable innovation process over the last two decades. This transformation was mostly led by a dynamic and pro-active private sector often subject to policies providing negative support via export restrictions and taxes. The rapid adoption of technologies, such as improved varieties and no-till farming, and organisational innovations have contributed to increasing the Total Factor Productivity of crops. Government focus on providing such general services as research, extension, and animal and plant health has facilitated innovation as has the proactive management of risks by farmers. Nevertheless, environmental pressures are increasing with deforestation and the use of pesticides.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311695-en
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  • 36
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Liechtenstein 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264545861
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Liechtenstein 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Liechtenstein ; Taxation ; Liechtenstein ; Liechtenstein ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Liechtenstein.
    DOI: 10.1787/299793c5-en
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  • 37
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    Improving School Quality in Norway : The New Competence Development Model (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264573048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Implementing Education Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving school quality in Norway
    Keywords: Schulpolitik ; Qualität ; Norwegen ; Education ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Schulpolitik ; Qualität
    Abstract: Norway is committed to a high quality and equitable education system, as demonstrated by its high level of public expenditure on education and the dynamic policy activity targeting education quality. Despite progress made in enhancing average student performance in recent years, there still are significant differences between schools in municipalities and between municipalities and regions. In response, Norway has started to implement the new competence development model that sets out to develop teacher professionalism with in-service professional development. With this new policy, the Government of Norway aims to provide municipalities and schools with greater freedom of action and empower them to carry out systematic school improvements at the local level. This decentralised approach would respond to local context and the diversity of needs between Norwegian schools. This report aims to support Norway in this effort, analysing the features of the new model, the engagement of the different stakeholders and the policy context for its introduction. Building on the OECD implementation framework, the report proposes concrete actions to adapt the implementation strategy for impact. The report will be valuable not only for Norway, but also to the many countries that are looking to promote school-based professional development and bridge the gap between policy design and effective implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/179d4ded-en
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  • 38
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Hongkong ; Taxation ; Hong Kong, China ; Hongkong ; Steuerverwaltung ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Hong Kong (China).
    DOI: 10.1787/34f9b9a8-en
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  • 39
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    Driving Performance at Peru's Telecommunications Regulator (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310513 , 9789264310520 , 9789264310506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Governance of Regulators
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impulsando el desempeño del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones de Perú
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Driving performance at Peru's telecommunications regulator
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspolitik ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Regulierung ; Peru ; Governance ; Peru ; Peru ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierungsbehörde
    Abstract: As “market referees”, regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour and governance are important factors in how regulators, and the sectors they oversee, perform. This report uses the OECD Performance Assessment Framework for Economic Regulators (PAFER) to assess both the internal and external governance of Peru's Supervisory Agency for Private Investment in Telecommunications (OSIPTEL). The review acknowledges OSIPTEL's achievements and good practices, analyses the key drivers of its performance, and proposes an integrated reform package to help the regulator prepare for the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310506-en
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    Latin America and the Caribbean 2019 : Policies for Competitive SMEs in the Pacific Alliance and Participating South American countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264575462
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe América Latina y el Caribe 2019 : Políticas para PYMEs competitivas en la Alianza del Pacífico y países participantes de América del Sur
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool that assists emerging economies in monitoring and evaluating progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises. This first application of the Index methodology in the Latin American and Caribbean region covers the four Pacific Alliance member countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) and three participating South American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay). Divided into seven policy dimensions, this report assesses the strengths and weaknesses that exist in different areas of SME policy design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, and provides guidance to policy makers in identifying policy areas for future reform according to international good practices. This report is a joint effort between the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) and the OECD through its Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme (LACRP), in co-operation with the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA) and the “Foundation for the Strategic Analysis and Development of the SME” (FAEDPYME).
    DOI: 10.1787/d9e1e5f0-en
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    OECD Integrity Review of Argentina : Achieving Systemic and Sustained Change (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264425255 , 9789264307919 , 9789264316997
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina : Lograr un cambio sistémico y sostenido
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina
    Abstract: The OECD Integrity Review of Argentina assesses recent efforts to transform Argentina’s integrity framework from isolated initiatives into a coherent whole-of-society integrity system. The Review presents concrete actions for developing an integrity strategy to sustain current reforms. The Review also provides insights into how to operationalise a risk management approach to corruption and upgrade the internal audit function within government. Finally, the Review assesses the government decision-making process and provides options for increasing its transparency and integrity for more accountable and equitable policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g98ec3-en
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    Evaluating Latvia's Active Labour Market Policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264526921 , 9789264912045 , 9789264662476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (265 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evaluating Latvia's active labour market policies
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Lettland ; Employment ; Latvia ; Lettland ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: This report on Latvia is the fifth country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It focuses on Latvia's long-term unemployed and those at risk of long-term unemployment. The report analyses linked administrative microdata to evaluate quantitatively the impact of activation policies elaborated in Latvia’s Inclusive Employment Strategy 2015-2020. More specifically, it assesses the effectiveness of training measures, employment subsidies and a programme promoting regional mobility. This report derives policy lessons from the empirical results to help the Latvian authorities adjust the activation strategies and measures in order to strengthen labour market participation of the unemployed and improve their labour market outcomes, helping them move into more productive and better quality jobs.
    DOI: 10.1787/6037200a-en
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    Strengthening Active Labour Market Policies in Italy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264661769 , 9789264671805 , 9789264653078
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening active labour market policies in Italy
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Italien ; Employment ; Italy ; Italien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: This report on Italy is the sixth country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It discusses how active labour market policies in Italy are performing both on the national and the regional level, focussing particularly on the reform process in the system of public employment services initiated by the Jobs Act. The ongoing reform has good potential to improve the performance of employment services in Italy, particularly if the stakeholders of the system cooperate to establish a binding performance management framework and develop national IT infrastructure supporting the tasks of the local offices to serve jobseekers and employers. The National Agency for Active Labour Market Policies has a key role in encouraging the cooperation between the stakeholders, leading the development of new tools and methodologies and thus supporting the local employment offices to implement the new service model. Besides the general reform process, the review looks at some specific approaches regarding providing employment services in Italy – using jobseeker profiling tools to target active labour market policies; increasing quality and capacity of employment services by contracting out employment services to private service providers; and reaching out to employers and advancing demand-side services.
    DOI: 10.1787/160a3c28-en
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    Regulating App-Based Mobility Services : Summary and Conclusions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282116678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.175
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines how new app-based mobility services can be effectively regulated. High-quality regulations are essential to ensure that ridesourcing, dockless bikeshare, e-scooters and other innovative forms of urban mobility deliver their full benefits for society. They are also crucial to guarantee safety, address environmental concerns and ensure consumer protection. But inappropriate regulation will deny citizens welfare benefits and stifle development of services that may contribute to a more sustainable transport system.
    DOI: 10.1787/94d27a3a-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Saudi Arabia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591493
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Saudi Arabia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Saudi-Arabien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Saudi Arabia ; Saudi-Arabien ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Saudi Arabia.
    DOI: 10.1787/322136b0-en
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    Sustainable Infrastructure for Low-Carbon Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus : Hotspot Analysis and Needs Assessment (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730441 , 9789264628342 , 9789264609228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable infrastructure for low-carbon development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Mongolia ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Uzbekistan ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastucture development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/d1aa6ae9-en
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    Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova : Summary Report of Project Implementation 2016-2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264383203 , 9789264393509 , 9789264769359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting clean urban public transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Stadtverkehr ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Kasachstan ; Kirgisistan ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report presents the objectives, methodology, procedures and main findings of the OECD project "Strengthening public finance capacity for green investments in the EECCA countries". Between 2016-19, the project aimed to help set the partner countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova) on a sustainable path of development by reducing the energy and carbon intensity of their economies. Working with the relevant ministry in each country, the project designed public investment programmes in line with good international practices. These programmes sought to address key objectives of the countries' environmental and climate-related policies. The Clean Public Transport Programmes focus specifically on reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the target sector, primarily in large urban areas. They aim to demonstrate how to use scarce public funds to encourage private sector investment in projects that generate significant environmental and socio-economic benefits alike.
    DOI: 10.1787/fcb6c9de-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Lebanon 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264826601
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Lebanon 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Libanon ; Taxation ; Lebanon ; Libanon ; Steuerrecht
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Lebanon.
    DOI: 10.1787/939f334e-en
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    Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Lettonie 2019 (Version abrégée) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264539044
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ESAO Vides raksturlielumu pārskats par Latviju 2019.gads
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Latvia
    Abstract: La Lettonie a beaucoup amélioré ses performances environnementales et le bien-être de sa population. À la faveur d’importants investissements, la part des renouvelables et l’efficacité énergétique des logements ont progressé, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre ont baissé et l’accès aux services d’eau et de gestion des déchets s’est amélioré. La convergence avec les économies plus avancées de l’OCDE est toutefois loin d’être achevée. L’agriculture et la foresterie, qui sont l’un des piliers de l’économie, exercent des pressions grandissantes sur la biodiversité. La prise en compte systématique de celle-ci dans les politiques de développement économique devrait être une priorité. Pour accélérer la transition vers une économie bas carbone et circulaire, le pays devra investir massivement dans les infrastructures durables, faire progresser la prévention et le recyclage des déchets et renforcer les instruments économiques. Ceci est le premier Examen environnemental de la Lettonie, dont il évalue les progrès sur la voie du développement durable et de la croissance verte, en accordant une attention plus particulière aux déchets et à l’économie circulaire, ainsi qu’à la conservation et à l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, qui reposent sur les trois chapitres consacrés aux évolutions et faits récents, à la gouvernance et à la croissance verte, ainsi que sur les deux chapitres qui examinent en détail la problématique des déchets et de l’économie circulaire, et celle de la conservation et de l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/4af1cd82-fr
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    Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Morocco 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264668010
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Morocco
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its association countries, a process that supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This report on Morocco discusses the advancements made as well as the challenges faced by the country’s ambitious domestic energy transition pathway to 2030. With an impressive track record in solar technologies, Morocco is leading the deployment of renewable energy in North Africa. Further progress, however, can be made in commercial or industrial applications that continue to rely on fossil fuel imports. Although successful in providing electricity access to its rising population, Morocco also faces the challenging task of keeping energy demand in check. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for how to strengthen Morocco’s energy efficiency policies to help the country continue to transform its energy sectors in order to meet the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets.
    DOI: 10.1787/10f93028-en
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    Chicory (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264509009
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and high quality photographs to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Chicory standard. It is thus a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of Chicory.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf4b9857-en-fr
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    Open Government in Tunisia: La Marsa, Sayada and Sfax (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264995826 , 9789264310995 , 9789264735903
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie : La Marsa, Sayada et Sfax
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open government in Tunisia
    Keywords: E-Government ; Tunesien ; Governance ; Tunisia ; Tunesien ; Regierung ; Verwaltung
    Abstract: This report analyses legal and institutional frameworks, public policies and open government practices in Tunisia at the local level. It is based on three pilot municipalities - La Marsa, Sayada and Sfax. The report proposes recommendations to help the central government create an enabling environment for open government at the local level. It also provides support for the efforts of these municipalities and those of civil society to establish new mechanisms for participation, transparency and accountability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310995-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Hamburg Metropolitan Region, Germany (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264888098 , 9789264857452 , 9789264828223
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Berichte zur Regionalentwicklung: Metropolregion Hamburg, Deutschland
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    RVK:
    ZH 9016
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Ballungsraum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Metropolregion Hamburg ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: With about 8% of national territory, the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (HMR) is the second largest in Germany. In the first OECD Territorial Review to cover Germany, the HMR is examined under the lens of its competitiveness, innovation, and sustainable urban and regional development.
    DOI: 10.1787/29afa27f-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Samoa 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264850415
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Samoa 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Samoa ; Taxation ; Samoa ; Samoa ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Samoa.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8954bf5-en
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    Risk Governance Scan of Kazakhstan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264737457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk governance scan of Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sicherheit ; Strategie
    Abstract: This report presents the governance framework in Kazakhstan for managing disaster risks. A wide range of disaster risks are present throughout the national territory, primarily floods, landslides, avalanches, but also extreme cold and heatwaves. The report reviews how the central government sets up a national strategy to manage these disaster risks, and how a national risk governance framework is formulated and executed. It examines the role of the private sector and other non-governmental actors in contributing to resilience at a national and subnational level.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb82cae9-en
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    International Co-operation in Nuclear Data Evaluation : An Extended Summary of the Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264427013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Current knowledge of the nuclear physics of fuels and materials provides an understanding and simulation of the operations of nuclear reactors and other systems, both under ordinary and exceptional circumstances. As part of a broad spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning research in basic nuclear sciences, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is supporting collaboration between experimentalists, theoreticians and modelling experts to advance the state of the art in nuclear data. This report offers an overview of collective results from 31 institutions in 15 NEA member countries, along with results from technical experts in the People's Republic of China, in the context of the NEA Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project. It reviews recent developments resulting from new measurements and semi-empirical models, as well as the validation of the CIELO nuclear data evaluations against suites of systems representing a wide range of current and future nuclear facilities. The CIELO project has delivered new, evaluated data for the isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iron, oxygen and hydrogen, which have been adopted in all nuclear data libraries released since the CIELO project was completed.
    DOI: 10.1787/8428df77-en
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    Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264328310
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The nuclear sector has in recent years been placing increasing attention on the need to better understand variations between cost estimates for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, as well as the relationship between estimated and actual costs, and the apparent escalation of these costs. Building on previous work by the Nuclear Energy Agency, Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning examines approaches and methods for the benchmarking of nuclear power plant decommissioning costs. Particular focus is given to identifying key factors, drivers and constraints to implementing cost benchmarking. These factors are addressed from a broad range of perspectives in order to develop a roadmap for implementation that will garner sufficiently broad support from a wide base of interested stakeholders. The report also identifies a number of perceived barriers that may impede the implementation of benchmarking for decommissioning. Co-ordinated efforts and further analysis will be needed to help remove these barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/acae0e3b-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, South Africa (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264944046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: South Africa (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Südafrika ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; South Africa ; Südafrika
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by South Africa.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f820b8e-en
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    Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Australie 2019 (Version abrégée) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264571433
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: L’Australie est parvenue à découpler la croissance économique des principales pressions environnementales et a réalisé des progrès remarquables dans l’extension des aires protégées. Elle continue toutefois d’afficher une intensité d’utilisation des ressources et une intensité carbone parmi les plus élevées de la zone OCDE et l’état général de la biodiversité dans le pays est médiocre et en voie de dégradation. Pour s’acheminer vers une économie plus verte, il faudra renforcer l’action publique à l’égard du changement climatique et tenir compte de la biodiversité de manière systématique et plus efficace dans tous les secteurs. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de l’Australie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés à la protection des espèces menacées et à l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité ainsi qu’à la gestion des produits chimiques. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et faits récents, la gouvernance et la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur la protection des espèces menacées et la biodiversité ainsi que sur la gestion des produits chimiques. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/31d92b08-fr
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    Digital Government Review of Argentina : Accelerating the Digitalisation of the Public Sector (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264925526 , 9789264356351 , 9789264318502
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Argentina
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Argentinien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Argentina
    Abstract: This Digital Government Review highlights the efforts taking place in Argentina to digitalise and improve data governance in its public sector and build the foundations for a digital government. The review explores Argentina’s institutional, legal and policy frameworks and their strategic role in the digital transformation of the public sector. The report also discusses how to reinforce the capacity of the public sector to “go digital” and better respond to citizens' needs. It explores how ICT procurement, management, and commissioning can help improve public sector accountability and efficiency, as well as support greater policy coherence and compliance with digital government standards. The review ends with a discussion on the state of data governance in the public sector, including data leadership and stewardship, rules and platforms for data production, sharing and interoperability, data protection, data federation, and open government data initiatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/354732cc-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Croatia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264794511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Taxation ; Croatia
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Croatia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9dc5933f-en
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  • 62
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    Aligning Development Co-operation and Climate Action : The Only Way Forward (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264953079 , 9789264925755 , 9789264464865
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aligning development co-operation and climate action
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Klimaschutz ; Internationales Abkommen ; Environment ; Development ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Klimaschutz ; Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag
    Abstract: Climate change is altering the ecological and social systems that underpin human well-being and economic activity, and developing countries are particularly vulnerable to its impact on the growth and sustainable development prospects of every sector and community. Being part of the solution requires all providers of development co-operation to align their activities with the objectives of the Paris Agreement. However many still lack the mandates, resources, incentives and strategies to do so. This report outlines how providers can make changes at home, in developing countries and in the international development co-operation system, to help create low-emissions, climate-resilient economies, and how they can avoid supporting activities that lock the world into an unsustainable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/5099ad91-en
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  • 63
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    Essai n° 496 : Méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro pour l’identification de produits chimiques provoquant des lésions oculaires graves et les produits chimiques ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264381421
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 496: In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro est une méthode biochimique in vitro qui peut être utilisée pour identifier des produits chimiques (substances et mélanges) susceptibles d’induire des lésions oculaires graves, ainsi que des produits chimiques ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves. La méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro exploite un mélange réactif macro-moléculaire composé de protéines, de glycoprotéines, de glucides, de lipides et d’éléments à faible masse moléculaire qui, une fois réhydraté, forme une matrice macro-moléculaire complexe qui reproduit la structure hautement organisée et transparente de la cornée. L’opacité cornéenne est considérée comme le principal critère de classification des dangers pour l’œil. Les produits chimiques testés provoquant la dénaturation, le dépliement et des changements de conformation des protéines induisent une désorganisation et une désagrégation de la structure hautement organisée de la matrice macro-moléculaire, ce qui génère une turbidité du réactif macro-moléculaire. À l’aide d’un spectromètre, ce phénomène peut être quantifié en mesurant les changements de diffusion de la lumière à une longueur d’onde de 405 nm et en comparant ces valeurs à une courbe d’étalonnage (établie en parallèle en mesurant la hausse de la densité optique (DO) induite par une série de substances étalon).
    DOI: 10.1787/e6373855-fr
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Indonesia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264820456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Indonesia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indonesien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Indonesia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Indonesien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung ; Besteuerungsverfahren
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Indonesia.
    DOI: 10.1787/deb42398-en
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    Benchmarking Higher Education System Performance (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264686472 , 9789264824133 , 9789264826281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (644 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benchmarking higher education system performance
    RVK:
    AL 50000
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Benchmarking ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Höheres Bildungswesen ; Benchmarking ; Vergleich
    Abstract: The scope of contemporary higher education is wide, and concerns about the performance of higher education systems are widespread. The number of young people with a higher education qualification is expected to surpass 300 million in OECD and G20 countries by 2030. Higher education systems are faced with challenges that include expanding access, containing costs, and ensuring the quality and relevance of provision. The project on benchmarking higher education system performance provides a comprehensive and empirically rich review of the higher education landscape across OECD countries, taking stock of how well they are performing in meeting their education, research and engagement responsibilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/be5514d7-en
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    Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264916784
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the test is to measure the capacity of a chemical to activate or inhibit the transcription of a genetic construct (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) either by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor or by modifying the amount of thyroid hormone available for transcription. The test is based on the use of a transgenic frog (possessing the genetic construction THb/ZIP-GFP) of the species X. laevis. GFP is a fluorescent protein that can be used to affirm the presence of the substance and to follow its action. This test is based on the quantification of fluorescence, and thus of the GFP protein, throughout the eleutheroembryo exposed to a test chemical. Indeed, if the fluorescence is 〉 12% by including the highest concentration of the test, the test is considered positive. Organisms are exposed in chemically inert cell culture plates (6 wells). Each well contains ten organisms in solution. In a run, 20 organisms are exposed to each test concentration. Tadpoles are exposed to the test chemical at NF stage 45 for a duration of 72 hours. A positive result of the XETA test indicates in vivo that a substance induces damage to the receptor and metabolization of the thyroid hormone. A negative result indicates that, under test conditions, the test substance does not induce detectable damage to the thyroid and its functioning.
    DOI: 10.1787/a13f80ee-en
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  • 67
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Canada (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264408111
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Canada (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Kanada ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Canada ; Kanada ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Canada, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/67dba2bb-en
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  • 68
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Vanuatu 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264510180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Vanuatu (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Vanuatu ; Taxation ; Vanuatu ; Vanuatu ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Vanuatu.
    DOI: 10.1787/dd70b774-en
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  • 69
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    Réforme des marchés publics : Progrès de mise en œuvre de la Recommandation 2015 de l’OCDE (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890473 , 9789264638792 , 9789264855397
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforming Public Procurement: Progress in Implementing the 2015 OECD Recommendation
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les progrès réalisés par les pays Membres et non-Membres de l'OCDE depuis leur adhésion à la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur les marchés publics de 2015. La Recommandation fournit des orientations stratégiques pour faire face aux défis rencontrés dans les marchés publics et identifie les bonnes pratiques afin de garantir une utilisation stratégique et holistique des marchés publics. Ce rapport discute de la pertinence continue de la Recommandation, de sa large diffusion et, le cas échéant, de la nécessité de sa mise à jour ou de sa révision.
    DOI: 10.1787/621e6366-fr
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    Harmful Tax Practices – 2018 Peer Review Reports on the Exchange of Information on Tax Rulings : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264321816 , 9789264395138 , 9789264560369
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (611 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Harmful tax practices - 2018 peer review reports on the exchange of information on tax rulings
    Keywords: Taxation ; Steuerbescheid
    Abstract: BEPS Action 5 is one of the four BEPS minimum standards which all Inclusive Framework members have committed to implement. One part of the Action 5 minimum standard is the transparency framework for compulsory spontaneous exchange of information on certain tax rulings which, in the absence of transparency, could give rise to BEPS concerns. Over 135 jurisdictions have joined the Inclusive Framework and take part in the peer review to assess their compliance with the transparency framework. Specific terms of reference and a methodology have been agreed for the peer reviews to assess a jurisdiction’s implementation of the minimum standard. The review of the transparency framework assesses jurisdictions against the terms of reference which focus on five key elements: i) information gathering process, ii) exchange of information, iii) confidentiality of the information received; iv) statistics on the exchanges on rulings; and v) transparency on certain aspects of intellectual property regimes. Recommendations are issued where improvements are needed to meet the minimum standard. This report reflects the outcome of the annual peer review of the implementation of the Action 5 minimum standard and covers 112 jurisdictions. It assesses implementation for the 1 January - 31 December 2018 period.
    DOI: 10.1787/7cc5b1a2-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Saudi Arabia 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264691162
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Saudi Arabia 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Saudi-Arabien ; Taxation ; Saudi Arabia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Saudi Arabia.
    DOI: 10.1787/186f45ba-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United Arab Emirates 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264519916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United Arab Emirates 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Vereinigte Arabische Emirate ; Taxation ; United Arab Emirates
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the United Arab Emirates.
    DOI: 10.1787/78bb1919-en
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    Digital Government in Chile – A Strategy to Enable Digital Transformation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264363472 , 9789264668379 , 9789264609440
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government in Chile
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; E-Government ; Chile ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: This study assesses the evolution, achievements and challenges in the design and implementation of digital government strategies in Chile since 2004. It aims to support the Government of Chile in framing and implementing future strategic decisions and developing digital capacity throughout the public sector. In particular, it looks at how Chile can build a whole-of-government approach to embed digital approaches into everyday government operations. The study argues that for Chile to ensure the sustainability of its achievements to date it should work towards shared ownership of, and responsibility for, the digital government strategy throughout the public administration.
    DOI: 10.1787/f77157e4-en
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    Mesurer l’innovation dans l’éducation 2019 (Version abrégée) : Quels changements dans les pratiques scolaires ? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264926493 , 9789264581647 , 9789264323919
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: La recherche et l'innovation dans l'enseignement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Measuring Innovation in Education 2019: What Has Changed in the Classroom?
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Pour améliorer l'éducation, il est capital de comprendre et de mesurer l'innovation. La base de connaissances internationales en matière d'éducation serait sensiblement élargie en assurant un suivi systématique de l'évolution des pratiques au sein des classes et dans les établissements d'éducation, du développement professionnel des enseignants, de l'utilisation des ressources pédagogiques, et des pratiques de communication des établissements d'enseignement avec leur communauté. On pourrait aussi comprendre comment sont associées les évolutions et l'innovation d'un côté et de meilleurs résultats en matière d'éducation de l'autre. Les décideurs politiques seraient ainsi à même de mieux cibler les interventions et les ressources, et d'obtenir rapidement un retour d'informations permettant de déterminer si les réformes ont modifié les pratiques éducatives conformément aux attentes. Par ailleurs, cela permettrait de mieux comprendre les conditions propices à l'innovation dans l'éducation ainsi que ses répercussions. Cette nouvelle édition de Mesurer l'innovation dans l'éducation examine ce qui a changé (ou pas) pour les étudiants pendant la dernière decénnie dans les systèmes éducatifs de l'OCDE et couvre environ 150 pratiques éducatives dans sa version originale (et un peu moins dans cette version française abrégée). Elle met en lumière l'innovation systémique dans l'enseignement primaire et secondaire, en mettant l'accent sur l'innovation pédagogique. L'utilisation de la technologie s'est-elle propagée? Les évaluations sont-elles devenues plus fréquentes? Les élèves ont-ils plus d'autonomie dans leur apprentissage? Est-ce qu'on leur demande de plus en plus de mémoriser des faits et des procédures? Est-ce que plus d’élèves ont des enseignants qui participent eux-même à des activités d’apprentissage? Voici quelques-unes des questions auxquelles répond ce livre. Des premiers pas vers l’établissement d’un lien entre l’innovation et les performances éducatives sont également réalisés. Ce livre intéressera toutes les parties prenantes désireuses de comprendre l'évolution des pratiques éducatives. Cette version abrégée ne contient, outre le résumé, que les chapitres où la majorité des indicateurs comprennent les systèmes éducatifs francophones. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/6d211378-fr
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    Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264683099
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l’essai est de mesurer la capacité d’un produit chimique pour activer ou inhiber la transcription d’une construction génétique (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) soit par liaison au récepteur de l’hormone thyroïdienne soit en modifiant la quantité de l’hormone thyroïdienne disponible pour la transcription. L’essai est basé sur l’utilisation d’une grenouille transgénique (possédant la construction génétique THb/ZIP-GFP) de l’espèce X. laevis. La GFP est une protéine fluorescente qui permet d’affirmer la présence de la substance et de suivre son action. Ce test repose sur la quantification de la fluorescence, et donc de la protéine GFP, dans l’ensemble de l’eleutheroembryon exposé au produit chimique testé. En effet, si la flurorescence est 〉 12% en incluant la plus forte concentration du test, le test est considéré comme positif. Les organismes sont exposés dans des plaques de culture cellulaire chimiquement inertes (6 puits). Chaque puits doit contenir dix organismes en solution. Dans une épreuve, 20 organismes sont exposés à chaque concentration d’essai. Les grenouilles sont exposées aux produits chimiques au stade NF45. La durée d’exposition est de 72H. Un résultat positif de l'essai XETA indique in vivo qu'une substance induit des dommages sur le récepteur et la métabolisation de l’hormone thyroïdienne. Un résultat négatif indique que, dans les conditions d'essai, le produit chimiques testé n'induit pas des dommages discernables sur la thyroïde et son fonctionnement.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ed26263-fr
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    Croatia: Country Health Profile 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264473331
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hrvatska: pregled stanja zdravlja i zdravstvene zaštite 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Croatia as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/b63e8c9f-en
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  • 77
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    Trends and Drivers of Agri-environmental Performance in OECD Countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264770065 , 9789264869721 , 9789264319837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trends and drivers of agri-environmental performance in OECD countries
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/b59b1142-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/trends-and-drivers-of-agri-environmental-performance-in-oecd-countries_b59b1142-en
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  • 78
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    OECD Good Practices for Performance Budgeting (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264996571 , 9789264505414 , 9789264773264
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD good practices for performance budgeting
    Keywords: Performance Budgeting ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Output-orientierte Budgetierung
    Abstract: Performance budgeting is a budget practice that has been widely adopted by OECD countries. This report presents the OECD's advice on good practice principles and examples in the area of performance budgeting including an explanation of the evidence supporting the adoption and practice by OECD countries. The report is based on the results of OECD surveys of member countries, OECD country budget reviews, and exchanges of information between the OECD and government officials in the Senior Budget Officials Network on Performance and Results.
    DOI: 10.1787/c90b0305-en
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  • 79
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    Customisation Opportunities of IUCLID for the Management of Chemical Data (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264944220
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.297
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The IUCLID (International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database) can be customised to manage chemical data in different contexts and is a platform employing globally harmonised data elements pertinent to chemicals. The version 6 of IUCLID software released in 2016 allows for greater customisation of IUCLID and for extension and integration with other tools. For example, the standard IUCLID data elements can be extended to capture specific information for specific legislative data needs before they are added to the OHTs. This document describes four main elements related to the customisation of IUCLID including how the IUCLID format can be configured and customised, the main IUCLID features and add-ons, integration with other systems and development of alternative user interfaces. The document also outlines how customisation of these different elements requires different expertise and resources. It incorporates user stories regarding customisation of and data migration to IUCLID from ECHA, Australia, and Canada.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0a6989d-en
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  • 80
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    Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) : Annual Report 2018 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264695368
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) leverages the IEA’s unique energy expertise across all fuels and technologies to accelerate global clean-energy transitions, particularly in major emerging economies. The Programme includes collaborative analytical work, technical cooperation, training and capacity building and strategic dialogues. Rapid and sustainable transformation in the energy sector is essential not only to reach climate goals, but also to reduce air pollution, and enable access to energy for the nearly 1 billion without access to electricity and nearly 2.7 billion without access to clean cooking facilities as of 2017. This transition is particularly urgent in developing countries, where population and economic growth will continue to contribute to increasing energy demand, CO2 emissions and air pollution. In fact, until 2040, more than 95% of growth in primary energy will come from non-OECD countries, with the majority of consumption driven by a small number of emerging economies. These countries will therefore shape, to a significant extent, the future of the global energy landscape.
    DOI: 10.1787/a87e7d8c-en
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  • 81
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    Managing for Sustainable Development Results : Guiding Principles (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gestion axée sur les résultats en matière de développement durable
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: These 2019 Principles help providers of development and humanitarian co-operation navigate complex challenges to reach their expected results in terms of sustainable development. Building on the Managing for Development Results principles endorsed by development agencies at the international roundtable on results in Marrakech (February 2004), they set out a renewed practice that takes into account the changing global context and expanding array of actors.
    DOI: 10.1787/44a288bc-en
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  • 82
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    Bildung, Trends, Zukunft 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264806306
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les grandes mutations qui transforment l'éducation 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trends Shaping Education 2019
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Haben Sie sich je gefragt, wie die Bildung ihren Teil dazu beitragen kann, unsere Gesellschaften auf das Zeitalter der künstlichen Intelligenz vorzubereiten? Oder welche Folgen der Klimawandel für unsere Schulen, Familien und unser gesamtes Lebensumfeld haben könnte? In Bildung, Trends, Zukunft werden große wirtschaftliche, politische, soziale und technologische Trends untersucht, die sich auf den Bildungssektor auswirken. Diesen klar gegebenen Trends stellt der Bericht eine Reihe offener Fragen gegenüber. So will er strategisches Denken unterstützen und Diskussionen über die Herausforderungen für – und Möglichkeiten von – Bildung im Kontext dieser Trends anstoßen. Dazu wird ein breites Themenspektrum rund um Globalisierung, Demokratie, Sicherheit, Bevölkerungsalterung und moderne Lebensformen betrachtet. Für die Ausgabe 2019 wurden die Inhalte aktualisiert und um zahlreiche neue Indikatoren erweitert. Die Kapitel zu den Trends und ihren Zusammenhängen mit Bildungsfragen werden durch einen neuen Abschnitt ergänzt, der sich von Methoden der strategischen Vorausschau inspiriert mit Zukunftsfragen auseinandersetzt. Dieses Buch soll Politikverantwortlichen, Wissenschaftlern, Bildungsverantwortlichen, Schulverwaltungen und Lehrkräften belastbare, nicht fachspezifische Vergleichsdaten zu internationalen Trends bieten, die sich auf die Bildung auswirken – in Schule, Studium oder Weiterbildung. Damit dürfte diese Publikation auch für Studierende, Eltern und die breite Öffentlichkeit von Interesse sein.
    DOI: 10.1787/738db6c1-de
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  • 83
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    Le rôle des plateformes numériques dans la collecte de la TVA/TPS sur les ventes en ligne (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264576643 , 9789264438293 , 9789264383807
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Role of Digital Platforms in the Collection of VAT/GST on Online Sales
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Ce rapport propose des orientations pratiques pour les autorités fiscales pour la conception et la mise en œuvre des diverses solutions disponibles pour impliquer les plateformes numériques, y compris les places de marché du commerce électronique dans la collecte efficace et effective de la TVA/TPS sur le commerce numérique de biens, de services et de biens incorporels. En particulier, il inclut de nouvelles mesures pour rendre les plateformes numériques responsables de la TVA/TPS sur les ventes réalisées par les vendeurs en ligne via ces plateformes, ainsi que d’autres mesures telles que le partage d’informations et l’amélioration de la coopération administrative entre autorités fiscales et plateformes numériques. Il se base sur les solutions pour la collecte efficace de la TVA/TPS sur les ventes numériques proposées par les Principes directeurs internationaux pour la TVA/TPS et le Rapport final 2015 BEPS Action 1 - Relever les défis fiscaux posés par l’économie numérique. Il est particulièrement pertinent dans le contexte de la croissance de l’économie des plateformes et du potentiel des plateformes numériques pour améliorer de manière significative l’efficacité de la collecte de la TVA/TPS, compte tenu de leur rôle important dans la réalisation, la facilitation et/ou l’exécution des ventes en ligne.
    DOI: 10.1787/0aef4c54-fr
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  • 84
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Argentina 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264879591 , 9789264615403 , 9789264630437
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Argentina 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Études économiques de l'OCDE : Argentine 2019 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Economics ; Argentina
    Abstract: Durante muchas décadas, la economía Argentina se ha visto frenada por la debilidad de las políticas adoptadas y la productividad se ha estancado. A mediano plazo, las reformas recientemente iniciadas asi como reformas adicionales contribuirán a aumentar la prosperidad de todos los argentinos. Fortalecer la competencia reduciendo barreras de entrada a los mercados y reduciendo barreras al comercio internacional tiene un potencial particularmente prometedor. Barreras arancelarias elevadas han impedido una integración más fuerte en la economía global. Reducir esas barreras puede aumentar el poder de compra de los hogares, reducir los costos de los insumos para las empresas y empujar a las empresas en sectores protegidos de aumentar su productividad. Muchos empleos están actualmente atrapados en actividades con un limitado potencial de crecimiento de la productividad y de los salarios. Visto que la reasignación de puestos de trabajo puede causar pérdidas de ingresos a corto plazo, las políticas deberían facilitar la transición impulsando programas de formación y fortaleciendo la protección social. Las políticas sociales son efectivas para reducir la desigualdad. La pobreza continuó su descenso durante 2016 y 2017, hasta que una crisis severa empujó a la economía a una profunda recesión en 2018. Eso ha desplazado la atención inmediata de las políticas hacia el restablecimiento de la confianza y la corrección de importantes desequilibrios fiscales y externos. Ha sido necesaria la adopción de respuestas políticas rápidas y decisivas, que sentarán las bases para el retorno de la estabilidad macroeconómica y una recuperación económica, aunque persisten importantes riesgos. CAPÍTULOS ESPECIALES: FOMENTAR LA INTEGRACIÓN EN LA ECONOMÍA GLOBAL
    DOI: 10.1787/ff5bc522-es
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  • 85
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    Ελλάδα: Προφίλ Υγείας 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586543
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Greece: Country Health Profile 2019
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece
    DOI: 10.1787/9552c910-el
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  • 86
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    Guiding Principles on Good Practices for the Availability/Distribution of Protected Elements in OECD Test Guidelines (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264932845
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.298
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes good practices for the licensing of protected elements included in OECD Test Guidelines (TGs). Transparency and communication are needed around protected elements resulting from innovation in sciences and techniques that are gradually integrated in OECD TGs. This Guidance specifies the information required from a test method developer when submitting a proposal for a new TG that contains protected elements. This document contains a broad overview of the intellectual property and similar protections that affect the OECD TG Programme. Laws governing intellectual property and similar rights vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; anyone seeking to answer specific questions about the interpretation of the concepts in this paper in a specific jurisdiction must seek the advice of a specialised lawyer.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b290577-en
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  • 87
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    Améliorer les statistiques régionales pour un développement territorial inclusif et durable en Tunisie (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264662643 , 9789264638105 , 9789264378216
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution pour l'amélioration des statistiques territoriales en Tunisie afin de soutenir une croissance inclusive et repartie équitablement sur l'ensemble du territoire national. Le rapport propose, en premier lieu, une classification statistique des territoires tunisiens qui permet les comparaisons internationales avec les pays de l’OCDE en termes de tendances socio-économiques dans les zones urbaines et rurales. Ces classifications ainsi qu’un ensemble d’indicateurs statistiques sont ensuite utilisés pour analyser le développement régional en Tunisie et aider à identifier les principaux défis et opportunités de le rendre plus fort et inclusif. Le rapport examine également les aspects de la gouvernance du système des statistiques en Tunisie et propose des recommandations pour une meilleure gouvernance dudit système et améliorer sa capacité à fournir des statistiques territoriales robustes et à jour.
    DOI: 10.1787/283fefef-fr
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  • 88
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    Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace : Rapport d'étape 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264339712 , 9789264755918 , 9789264364493
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Development Co-operation More Effective: 2019 Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz : Informe de avances 2019
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Aider les pays à améliorer les conditions de vie de leurs citoyens nécessite une coopération internationale efficace pour le développement. Les principes du Partenariat mondial pour une coopération efficace au service du développement – l’appropriation par les pays ; l’orientation vers les résultats ; des partenariats inclusifs ; et, la transparence et la redevabilité mutuelle – guident les relations entre les partenaires du développement depuis près d’une décennie, les aident à renforcer et à améliorer leur mode de coopération et veillent à ce que tous les citoyens soient impliqués dans le processus. L’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement (PNUD) travaillent ensemble pour effectuer le suivi des progrès réalisés dans l’utilisation de ces principes. En 2018, des données ont été collectées par 86 pays et territoires partenaires, en collaboration avec plus de 100 partenaires du développement, afin de servir de base à ce travail et apporter des éléments probants. L’ouvrage, en montrant clairement où des progrès ont été accomplis et où des défis restent à relever, est à même de guider les gouvernements et leurs partenaires sur la façon dont ils peuvent renforcer l’action collective pour réaliser le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030.
    DOI: 10.1787/6acb4dc0-fr
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  • 89
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    Des emplois de qualité pour tous dans un monde du travail en mutation : La stratégie de l’OCDE pour l'emploi (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351349 , 9789264970687 , 9789264925939
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Good Jobs for All in a Changing World of Work: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La révolution numérique, la mondialisation et l’évolution démographique transforment les marchés du travail au moment où les responsables publics sont aux prises avec une croissance atone de la productivité et des salaires et de fortes inégalités de revenu. La nouvelle Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l’emploi propose un cadre d’action complet et des recommandations en vue d’aider les pays à relever ces défis. Elle va au-delà de l'aspect quantitatif de l'emploi pour faire de la qualité des emplois et de l'inclusivité du marché du travail des priorités essentielles de l’action publique, tout en mettant l'accent sur l'importance de la résilience et de l'adaptabilité pour assurer le bon fonctionnement de l'économie et du marché de l'emploi, dans un monde du travail en mutation rapide. Le message clé est que des politiques renforçant la flexibilité sur les marchés des produits et du travail sont nécessaires mais pas suffisantes. Des politiques et des institutions qui protègent les travailleurs, favorisent l'inclusion et permettent aux travailleurs et aux entreprises de tirer le meilleur parti des changements en cours sont également nécessaires pour promouvoir des résultats bons et durables. « Avec sa nouvelle Stratégie pour l’emploi, l'OCDE fait le point, de façon intelligente et judicieuse, sur les moyens que les pays doivent utiliser pour atteindre l’objectif d’une prospérité partagée. J’espère que les décideurs du monde entier vont non seulement la lire mais aussi mettre en pratique ses conseils avisés. » Jason Furman, Professeur à la Harvard Kennedy School et ancien Président du Comité des conseillers économiques du Président Barack Obama. « Les inégalités, la précarité économique et l’exclusion font la une de l’actualité. La colère gronde et le populisme gagne du terrain. Que peut-on faire ? Quelles stratégies adopter ? Telles sont les questions essentielles que passe en revue le nouveau rapport sur la Stratégie pour l’emploi de l'OCDE. J'espère qu’il permettra d’amorcer les débats très sérieux que ces questions méritent. » Olivier Blanchard, Senior Fellow au Peterson Institute, Professeur émérite au MIT et ancien Chef économiste du FMI.
    DOI: 10.1787/4e6a92fa-fr
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  • 90
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    How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? : findings from the European Social Survey 2002/03-2016/17 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 222
    Keywords: Öffentliche Meinung ; Einwanderung ; Flüchtlinge ; Kultursoziologie ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland have been consistently the most favourable to immigration while eastern European countries such as the Czech Republic and Hungary have been the least favourable. Despite their relatively high average levels of support for immigration, however, many countries of western and northern Europe are quite strongly polarized internally along educational and age lines. This can perhaps explain why political divisions over immigration can be so salient in these countries. Comparing results from 2002/03 and 2016/07, one finds that European attitudes were on average quite stable. However, a number of countries became more generous while several others became more negative. On the issue of government policy towards refugees, there was a marked shift in a negative direction after the 2015/16 refugee crisis. Countries such as Austria, Germany, and Sweden which had experienced large inflows of refugees showed particularly large declines in public support for generous government policy towards asylum requests.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/0adf9e55-en
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  • 91
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    Unconventional monetary policy and productivity : evidence on the risk-seeking channel from us corporate bond markets (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 17 (January 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Unconventional monetary policy ; productivity ; capital reallocation ; bond markets ; United States ; United States ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We examine the relationship between lax monetary policy, access to high-yield bond markets and productivity in the US between 2008 and 2016. Using monetary policy surprises, obtained from changes in interest rates futures in narrow windows around FOMC announcements, we isolate the increased access to high-yield bond markets relative to investment-grade bond markets that is due to unconventional monetary policy (UMP). We find that through the risk-taking channel, UMP has increased investors’ appetite for high-yield US corporate bonds, thereby increasing access to high-yield bond markets for firms with a higher risk profile. Since the relationship between credit ratings and firm-level productivity is U-shaped, the aggregate effect on productivity is a priori unclear. Turning to the real economy, we thus analyse whether this additional access to finance had an effect on aggregate productivity by altering the reallocation of resources across firms. Our results show that unconventional monetary policy induced less investment in tangible capital by high-productive firms. However, before drawing conclusions on the net effects of UMP on aggregate productivity, we discuss a number of issues that this paper could not deal with due to data limitations, including prominently whether this apparent misallocation may have been offset by a shift in the composition of investments towards more intangible investment.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/06d2cce0-en
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  • 92
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    Vintage differentiated regulations and plant survival : evidence from coal-fired plants (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 144
    Keywords: Kohlekraftwerk ; Dauer ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltrecht ; Energierecht ; Welt ; 1962 - 2012 ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions, the paper applies survival analysis techniques on a sample of generating units across 31 OECD and non-member countries between 1962 and 2012.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/31621ca6-en
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  • 93
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    Digital dividend : policies to harness the productivity potential of digital technologies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 26 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Technologiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Qualifikation ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a range of policies to enhance adoption of digital technologies and firm productivity. It quantifies illustratively the effect of policy changes by combining the results of two recent OECD analyses on the drivers of adoption and their productivity benefits. Increasing access to high-speed internet, upgrading technical and managerial skills and implementing product and labour market reforms to facilitate the reallocation of resources in the economy are found to be the main factors supporting the efficient adoption of a selection of digital technologies. The most productive firms have benefitted relatively more from digitalisation in the past, contributing to a widening productivity gap with less productive firms. Policies should create the conditions for efficient adoption by less productive firms, which would help them to catch up, achieving a double dividend in terms of growth and inclusiveness. Enhancing skills has a key role to play in this area since less productive firms suffer relatively more from skill shortages.
    DOI: 10.1787/273176bc-en
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  • 94
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    Annex - Taxation and the future of work : how tax systems influence choice of employment form (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 127 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Additional Information: Anhang zu Milanez, Anna Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 42
    Keywords: Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This annex details the tax treatment of standard employees and self-employed workers in eight countries: Argentina, Australia, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The accompanying paper models and discusses the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers. The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b20cce5-en
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  • 95
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    Towards green growth in emerging market economies : evidence from environmental performance reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 01
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a cross-country review of progress towards green growth in selected emerging market economies that are members or partners of the OECD. It draws on the country studies conducted within the OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Turkey between 2013 and 2019. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges. It provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of green growth policy frameworks and measures, which may provide useful lessons for other OECD and partner countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5e5b5d7-en
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  • 96
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    A review of “Transition Management” strategies : lessons for advancing the green low-carbon transition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 04
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of the low-carbon transition for workers and the relevant lessons-learnt in previous industrial restructuring experiences. The evidence suggests that, while climate policies are likely to have a modest impact on aggregate employment, workers in certain regions and industries can be more severely affected. The transition may also have gender-differentiated impacts: men represent the largest share of the workforce of most negatively affected industries (e.g. coal-mining) while the growth of the renewable power generation sector, which exhibits a relatively more gender-balanced workforce, suggests that female employment may increase in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector. Lessons from the case-studies underline that a suite of polices is necessary to manage the structural adjustment process, including structural reforms and skills policies. Importantly, the low-carbon transition differentiates itself from previous restructuring experiences because of its policy-driven nature and the possibility to finance structural adjustment measures through carbon-pricing revenues.
    DOI: 10.1787/4617a02b-en
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  • 97
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    SIGI 2019 Global Report : transforming challenges into opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264434738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (229 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/bc56d212-en
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  • 98
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round) : peer review report on the exchange of information on request : March 2019 (reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at December 2018) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Hongkong ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Hongkong ; Steuerverwaltung ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    DOI: 10.1787/34f9b9a8-en
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  • 99
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    China's grains policy : impacts of alternative reform options (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 129
    Keywords: Getreidepolitik ; Politische Reform ; Partielles Gleichgewicht ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Reforming China’s grain policy could have significant implications for both domestic and international markets. China has begun to reform its price support policies for several commodities, replacing them with commodity specific area payments. The assessment of policy reform scenarios for grains, using two partial equilibrium models, show that China would maintain more than 80% of self-sufficiency in wheat and maize, and more than 95% in rice. The increase in its grain imports could increase international prices, in particular for wheat and rice. A gradual approach to reforming market price support with compensatory payments would smooth the potential impacts on domestic and world commodity markets, as well as on domestic farm income. While the reform of price support policies benefit consumers the most, more decoupled area payments could also have a greater impact on farm income without increasing the overall cost to society as well as environmental performance of agriculture. Lower costs of managing public grain stocks would equally reduce the budgetary cost of reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/aed5174b-en
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  • 100
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    Evaluating the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobial use in foodproducing animals (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 132
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Antimicrobial drugs are used in food animal production for several purposes: to treat a disease outbreak, to prevent disease, and to enhance feed efficiency and animal growth. While the technical benefits of antimicrobial use in animal production are well documented, there is a major lack of information on the economic impact on farmers’ incomes. This report reviews evidence on the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobials for the major animal producing species across several OECD countries as well as in Brazil and China. The findings indicate that the economic benefits are modest in modern farming systems where good production facilities, biosecurity measures, and management practices are in place. In large food animal producing countries such as Brazil, the use of antimicrobials is an important input to enhance the competitiveness of the industry. In China, the largest producer and user of antibiotics in animal production, antibiotics are often used as a substitute for less sanitary animal production facilities and the lack of appropriate biosecurity on the farm. This report concludes with several key policy options and practices, in particular those that induce farmers to place a greater emphasis on the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobials and alternative interventions in production in order to stem the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    DOI: 10.1787/f859f644-en
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