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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,046)
  • English  (1,037)
  • German  (9)
  • OECD  (1,046)
  • Internationale Energieagentur
  • Agriculture and Food  (616)
  • Trade  (453)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264967441 , 9789264912816 , 9789264946699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Due Diligence ; Lieferkette ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report aims to provide G7 agricultural policy makers with insights to better understand the design, objectives and mechanisms of national and regional, voluntary and mandatory due diligence-related measures. The report creates a fact-based selective inventory for policy makers to identify common elements across the measures with a view to strengthening, where possible, coherence of G7 policy responses to promote responsible business conduct in agricultural supply chains. The inventory also aims to help companies understand different national and regional standards by highlighting synergies and, where applicable discrepancies, to enable and support effective implementation.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.267
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Government support to producers of rolling stock is raising concerns about possible market distortions and unfair competition. This report aims to quantify both the scale of government support and to identify the various ways in which governments have been supporting local rolling-stock producers at the expense of foreign competitors. Over the period 2016-20, governments provided about USD 5 billion to the sector, much of it in the form of government grants and income tax concessions. While not quantified, discriminatory practices in government procurement and competition enforcement, forced technology transfers, as well as non-market export credits may have also distorted global competition in the rail-supply industry. Similar to earlier OECD studies of government support in the aluminium and semiconductor value chains, this report helps shed light on the magnitude and ways in which governments subsidise the producers of materials and equipment they view as strategic, with a view to informing efforts to revisit global trade rules.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264525313 , 9789264592292 , 9789264995352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s war against Ukraine is causing a humanitarian, social and economic crisis for the Ukrainian people. The consequences of this full-scale military invasion are disrupting the global supply of commodities, sharply increasing food and energy prices, and threating the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries with established commercial and financial ties with the economies of Russia and Ukraine appear to be particularly vulnerable. Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries investigates the exposure of Eastern Partner countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) to the economic shocks caused by the war, and in particular through the impact that the conflict is having on inflation, migration, remittances, investment and trade. This report is published as part of the multi-country project “EU4Business: From Policies to Action – phase 2”, implemented in the Eastern Partnership with the financial support of the European Union within the EU4Business initiative.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: The Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade sets out a conceptual and measurement framework for digital trade which aligns with the broader standards for macro-economic statistics. It aims to help statistical compilers to address policymakers' needs for statistical evidence on digital trade. It includes extensive compilation guidance, drawing upon substantive inputs and case studies from both developed and developing economies and covering a variety of survey and non-survey sources. A reporting template is also proposed to support compilers in the production and dissemination of digital trade statistics.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.48
    Keywords: Development ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Between 2017 and 2022, G20 members invested over USD 20 billion in 671 projects related to rural youth employment in Africa. The G20 Initiative for Rural Youth Employment (RYE), launched in 2017, overachieved the targets set to provide employment-related skills to 5 million youth and create 1.1 million jobs by 2022. The most common types of interventions were those focused on agriculture value chain development, skills training, and the promotion of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses. The paper assesses the achievements of the G20 Initiative for RYE, analyses different RYE programmes and provides recommendations for future G20 initiatives and RYE programming. Despite great progress, much remains to be done to tackle rural youth employment challenges.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264710191 , 9789264384163 , 9789264437524
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (283 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques au service de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation de demain dans l'Union européenne (version abrégée)
    Keywords: EU-Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; EU-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: The European Union is one of the world's largest agro-food players. In an ever-changing economic and policy environment, the EU agro-food system has demonstrated its resilience and the ability to keep productivity growing. More needs to be done for the agricultural sector to improve its environmental sustainability performance in line with expectations. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the sustainable productivity performance of the EU's agricultural sector and to identify the main challenges ahead. The EU´s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is called to play an important role in implementing the European Green Deal's vision and objectives. Responding to pressing environmental concerns will require redesigning CAP payments, addressing the implementation gap on sustainability, implementing an ambitious data and digitalisation strategy, and bringing innovation to the centre of the agricultural policy.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264429086 , 9789264944183 , 9789264581500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Import ; Nachfrage ; Verbraucher ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Nationaleinkommen ; Altersstruktur ; Bildungsabschluss ; Internetnutzung ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: This report looks at the demand for counterfeit goods and identifies its key drivers. It discusses the specificity of the demand for counterfeit goods, including both deliberate and unintentional demand. Indeed, some consumers will deliberately buy counterfeit and pirated goods while others will be deceived into buying illicit products, thinking they are genuine. The report also examines the profiles of destination economies in the global trade of counterfeit and pirated goods. It uses quantitative analysis to study the economic characteristics of various economies, including the quantitative relationship between counterfeit intensity and certain observable socioeconomic factors. The identification of socio-economic factors, in particular, influencing the demand for counterfeit and pirated goods is crucial to help policymakers develop appropriate policies, including better targeting of consumer awareness campaigns.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.355
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Social Web ; Verbraucherschutz ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: Protecting consumers when they are most vulnerable has long been a core focus of consumer policy. This report first discusses the nature and scale of consumer vulnerability in the digital age, including its evolving conceptualisation, the role of emerging digital trends, and implications for consumer policy. It finds that in the digital age, vulnerability may be experienced not only by some consumers, but increasingly by most, if not all, consumers. Accordingly, it sets out several measures to address the vulnerability of specific consumer groups and all consumers, and concludes with avenues for more research on the topic.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264510807 , 9789264805835 , 9789264701915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Entwicklung ; Azoren ; Environment ; Development ; Trade ; Portugal
    Abstract: Located in the mid-Atlantic, the archipelagos of the Azores is an autonomous region of Portugal and an European Union Outermost Region. Once central to global trade routes, the Azores are aspiring to regain a prominent international role by leveraging their unique geographical, natural and historical attributes. To that end, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight identifies priority actions in several areas, including scientific research and collaborations, the ocean economy, agro-food and renewable-energy value chains. It shows the importance for EU Outermost Regions, as well as for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), of building resilient international ties. It benefited from an extensive peer review process involving public and private stakeholders from Brazil, Iceland and the United States.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264595521 , 9789264797598 , 9789264945173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (249 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Ungarn ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Hungary
    Abstract: The growing demand for raw materials in the Hungarian economy projected up to 2050 is expected to exert significant additional pressure on the environment, putting the country at risk of missing important environmental goals and opportunities to strengthen the competitiveness and resilience of its economy. Despite the notable progress in decoupling environmental pressures from economic activities over the past 20 years, several challenges remain. The transition to a circular economy has significant potential to address these challenges. To fully realise the circular potential of its economy, Hungary will need to adopt a comprehensive circular economy policy framework. This report outlines a set of key elements for the development of the Hungarian national circular economy strategy and action plan. It identifies priority areas that are deemed critical to the Hungarian circular economy transition, including: biomass and food, construction and plastics, as well as cross-cutting horizontal tools to facilitate an economy-wide circular transition. It also provides 45 policy recommendations and suggests specific implementation actions across the priority areas for the short, medium and long term.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264681606 , 9789264875579 , 9789264564671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Produktpiraterie ; Wirkungsanalyse ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Abstract: Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. This study looks at damages caused by illicit trade in counterfeits to small and medium-sized enterprises. The robust evidence on the magnitude, scope and trends of this risk informs policy makers about the need to include anti-counterfeiting elements in policy packages designed to support SMEs.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.268
    Keywords: Energy ; Trade
    Abstract: Government support for industrial firms can come in many different forms and through a range of channels, varying in complexity. A particularly challenging form of support is energy inputs offered to industrial producers at below-market prices. To improve understanding about the scope and scale of such support, this report examines an illustrative sample of 33 companies and their subsidiaries operating in energy-intensive industries, namely aluminium smelting, steelmaking, chemicals (including fertilisers), and cement. Most of the energy subsidies identified appear to concern the provision of natural gas and electricity at below-market rates, resulting in an average subsidy of USD 0.4-1.3 per million British thermal units and USD 0.02-0.03 per kWh, respectively, over the period 2010-20. In some cases, estimates indicate that subsidies are a multiple of firms’ energy costs, suggesting a sizable impact on firms’ profits and operating margins. The results have important policy implications for efforts to better discipline industrial subsidies in the WTO and elsewhere, notably in relation to how to ensure policy transparency in a context where large energy providers tend to be majority owned by governments.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264462045 , 9789264842250 , 9789264854727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Niederlande ; Agriculture and Food ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Netherlands has built an agricultural sector that is a world leader in productivity and competitiveness. But environmental challenges have grown increasingly urgent and the sector will have to adjust. A recent court ruling on nitrogen pollution has set the stage for a transition towards a more environmentally sustainable path that will be difficult and contentious. Leveraging the strong innovation capacity of the sector will be key to finding long-term solutions that work for farmers, citizens and the environment. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the Netherlands takes stock of the current situation in the agriculture sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector, and make suggestions for a possible path forward.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.270
    Keywords: Subvention ; Industriepolitik ; Industrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Trade
    Abstract: Industrial subsidies take on a growing importance in trade discussions. Yet assessing the scope and scale of government interventions in manufacturing remains notoriously difficult due to a persistent lack of reliable and comparable data. With many governments failing to provide sufficient information, attention has increasingly turned to firm-level data as a possible alternative for measuring industrial subsidies. Using this approach, recent OECD work has identified and quantified government support across key industrial sectors and policy instruments. The results show that: (i) the type of support received by firms can differ greatly across sectors; (ii) state enterprises obtain relatively more support and can serve as providers of support to other firms; and (iii) the complexity of supply chains implies that it can be hard to identify the ultimate beneficiaries of government support. These findings have important policy implications in the context of discussions at the WTO and elsewhere as they provide indications as to the possible nature of gaps in trade rules.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.354
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Produktsicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: In October 2021, twenty-one OECD countries and partner economies participated in an online product safety sweep to identify the degree to which products were available for sale online despite (i) being banned or recalled, (ii) having inadequate labelling or (iii) not meeting voluntary or mandatory product safety standards. Results reveal that large volumes of unsafe products are readily traded across borders and a 79% average rate of non-compliance (or potential non-compliance) with product safety standards and laws. More needs to be done by online marketplaces and other retailers to identify and remove unsafe product listings and by consumer authorities to deter non-compliance.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264806344 , 9789264792548 , 9789264498952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Spanien ; Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain has a dynamic and competitive agro-food sector. However, higher productivity has not always reduced environmental pressures. The agricultural innovation and knowledge system could play a key role in addressing the environmental challenges and improving the sector’s resilience. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain undertakes a thorough examination of the Spanish agro-food sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector. This report proposes a new policy approach, which puts innovation at the centre of a strategy to reconcile environmental performance and productivity growth. Its policy recommendations focus on actions to improve the agricultural knowledge and innovation system and make it more responsive to the most urgent environmental pressures. This requires strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework that supports agricultural innovation and creating incentives to tackle the impediments for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264890510 , 9789264539907 , 9789264408913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Industrialisierung ; Industriepolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Ägypten ; AfCFTA-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: At a time when global trade is under pressure and countries increasingly turn to regional integration to support their development, this Spotlight is a timely read for policy makers and business leaders in Africa and beyond. It shows how harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) can support industrialisation in Egypt, and more widely in Africa, by tapping the full potential of regional supply chains, including renewable energies, pharmaceuticals, logistics and creative industries. This report builds on and enriches the Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt: Embracing Change, Achieving Prosperity.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inventaire OCDE des mesures de soutien pour les combustibles fossiles 2023
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Despite commitments to scale up and speed up climate action, the fiscal cost of government support for fossil fuels almost doubled in 2022 to reach more than USD 1.4 trillion as governments across the OECD and partner countries introduced substantial initiatives to mitigate high energy costs on households and firms, caused in part by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. This rising trend is a real threat to our collective net zero goals and highlights the challenges of staying on track with net zero commitments in the face of geopolitical and economic disruption. Going forward, it will be critical that support measures are reformed to better target those most in need. Support for fossil fuels should also be phased out as soon as possible. This will help free up much needed resources for the transition towards net zero emissions and accelerate innovation to improve energy efficiency.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264436978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Trade ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Türkiye
    Abstract: Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the ensuing sanctions greatly complicated overland freight transport between Europe and China via the so-called Northern Corridor, which runs through the Russian Federation. This has prompted renewed attention to the development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, a multimodal route running through Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Türkiye – the so-called “Middle Corridor”. The present report looks at the Middle Corridor’s potential and at the challenges that must be overcome to realise it, drawing on the perspective of relevant private-sector actors in the four Middle Corridor countries. Governments along the corridor have invested heavily to improve transport infrastructure, yet important bottlenecks remain due to the geography of the route, the number of border crossings and the lack of regional trade integration. This study, based on surveys from and interviews with the private sector, maps and sequences main reform priorities in relation to regional integration, infrastructure, trade facilitation and supra-national coordination. It suggests that the primary aim should be to develop the corridor not solely as a transit route for actors from outside the region but as an engine of integration and trade integration in Central Asia and the South Caucasus.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.277
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: In the midst of the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, trade and economic growth face new challenges as the Russian Federation’s large-scale war against Ukraine has increased uncertainty and tensions along supply chains and the People’s Republic of China’s trade performance has fallen short of expectations. Merchandise trade is recovering slowly and has been dampened by high and volatile commodity and energy prices, coupled with monetary tightening. Some durable goods, such as motor vehicles, have not regained their pre-pandemic share in global trade. Services trade has yet to recover losses incurred during the pandemic, with travel services in particular recovering slowly. Russia’s trade is adjusting as the war continues, with repercussions for commodities markets. This report uses detailed trade data to monitor recent developments in trade in goods and services and in commodity markets.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Belarus ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has had profound effects on the maritime sector. It directly disrupted maritime activities in the Black and Azov seas, causing the suspension of Ukrainian port operations and agricultural exports. Although an export corridor temporarily resumed activities, the termination of the agreement in July 2023 continues to affect Ukrainian shipping. International sanctions against Russia and Belarus have notably targeted shipowners and shipbuilders, restricting Russian ships' access to OECD ports. These sanctions have also halted orders for Russian ship owners in OECD countries, reducing new orders and vessel completions in Russian shipyards. While global seaborne trade and ship demand remain relatively unaffected, the war has prompted longer-term impacts such as altered trading routes, changes in energy demand and costs, potential implications for maritime decarbonisation, and an increase in "dark fleet" vessels.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO (Édition 2023)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook dataset includes data beginning from 1970 through to projections for 2023-32. The projections cover agriculture markets and commodities such as cereals, oil-seeds, dairy products, cotton and more. Trade statistics include data on production and output, prices, trade balances, ending stocks, consumption, transformation, and so on. Domestic and international commodity prices are available for most commodity markets analysed in the Agricultural Outlook publication.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264425194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Упрощение процедур торговли в Центральной Азии
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Central Asia's trade performance has displayed remarkable resilience to recent economic shocks. Nevertheless, the region’s dependence on a limited number of export commodities and a narrow range of trading partners exposes it to significant risks. Central Asian governments are therefore prioritising improved connectivity to integrate better into global value chains, reduce geographical disadvantages, and increase imports and exports. Trade facilitation plays a pivotal role in achieving these goals by reducing trade costs and fostering integration. However, Central Asia still faces substantial challenges, and, despite significant improvements in recent years, it falls behind most of the regions covered by the OECD's Trade Facilitation Indicators (TFI). This report takes stock of TFI progress in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, presents preliminary results for Turkmenistan for the first time, and showcases areas of TFI improvement. It also evaluates remaining trade barriers and provides recommendations to for trade facilitation reforms, including the need to prioritise trade community feedback to streamline procedures, digitalise and harmonise standards, and implement systemic border agency co-operation mechanisms. A co-ordinated approach to improving trade facilitation across the region could reduce trade costs substantially, lifting both trade turnover and growth.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264389038
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Kriegsfolgen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Zentralasien ; Ukraine ; Russland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Russia’s war against Ukraine and the international sanctions introduced against the former have had an unexpectedly mild impact on Central Asia, despite the region’s deep economic dependence on its northern neighbour. Notwithstanding high inflation, the five Central Asian states – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – have so far shown surprising resilience to the economic headwinds: remittances registered record-high figures in the first half of 2022, national currencies quickly rebounded to pre-war levels after an initial drop, and an influx of skilled workers boosted demand for services and hospitality. However, as the medium-term effects of the sanctions against Russia, the global cost-of-living crisis, and China’s economic slowdown start to unfold, Central Asia is faced with lingering uncertainty. This publication provides an assessment of the short-term effects of Russia’s war on Central Asian economies and the policy responses provided. It also analyses the challenges ahead and formulates policy recommendations to make Central Asian economies more resilient and diversified.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Despite the growing importance of international trade, driven in large part by the rise of globalisation and the accompanying international fragmentation of production, the availability of statistics on price change in international merchandise trade at more granular level is still limited. To fill this data gap, the OECD has developed this new Merchandise Trade Price Index (MTPI) database using UN COMTRADE.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The intra-EEA Services Trade Restrictiveness Index identifies and catalogues which policy measures restrict trade within the European Economic Area (EEA) for 24 OECD EU member countries. This data complement the existing STRI, which quantifies multilateral services trade restrictiveness, allowing to track the progress of regional services integration across 19 major services sectors.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: The concept of landings refers to the quantities of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates (and animals), residues and seaweeds on a landed weight basis, i.e. the mass (or weight) of a product at the time of landing, regardless of the state in which is landed (i.e. whole, gutted, filleted, meal, etc.).
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Although the costs associated with the international transport and insurance of merchandise trade (also referred to as CIF-FOB margins) are an important determinant of the volume and geography of international trade, remarkably little (official) data exist. Combining the largest and most detailed cross-country sample of official national statistics on explicit CIF-FOB margins to date with estimates from an econometric gravity model, and using a novel approach to pool product codes across World Customs Organization Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature vintages, the OECD has developed a new Database on International Transport and Insurance Costs (ITIC) that aims to fill this gap. The Database shows that distance, natural barriers and infrastructure continue to play an important role in shaping regional (and global) value chains.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Trade in Value Added
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset shows data concerning the origin of value added in final demand by country and industry of final demand and source country and industry of the value added.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Trade in Value Added
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This database seeks to analyse the value added by a country in the production of any good or service that is then exported, and offers a fuller picture of commercial relations between nations. The current 2018 edition covers 64 economies (including all OECD, EU and G20 countries and most East and Southeast Asian economies) as well as region aggregates. Indicators are available for 36 industries within a hierarchy based on ISIC Rev. 4.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents information on fisheries policies. It is designed to monitor and quantify developments in fisheries policy, to establish a common basis for policy dialogue among countries, and to provide economic data to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of policies. The dataset report country programmes data aggregated according to the main indicators presented in the Fisheries Support Estimate Manual.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Digital STRI identifies, catalogues and quantifies barriers that affect trade in digitally enabled services across 50 countries. This data provide policy makers with an evidence-based tool that helps to identify regulatory bottlenecks, design policies that foster more competitive and diversified markets for digital trade, and analyze the impact of policy reforms.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu'à 2030 : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of goals and targets that aim to transform our world towards sustainability. With less than a decade left to achieve these targets, the OECD area as a whole has met or is close to meeting only one quarter of the targets. This Policy Insights explores the key findings from our report The Short and Winding Road to 2030: Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets which discusses the slow progress made by OECD countries towards achieving many SDG targets and highlights the need for strong policy actions to fulfill the entire 2030 Agenda. Fostering inclusion, reversing the long-term decrease in people's trust in institutions, and addressing rising environmental pressures are some of the key areas where OECD countries need to focus to make further progress.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This fisheries dataset presents statistics on aquaculture production: in tonnes, national currency and US dollars, for all sorts of fish, shellfish, etc.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Quarterly International Trade Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: OECD quarterly international trade statistics provides a detailed insight into the most recent trends in trading patterns for OECD countries with the rest of the world. International trade data are broken down by country. Dataset has annual and quarterly data.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD-WTO Balanced Trade in Services (BaTIS) dataset is a complete, consistent and balanced matrix of international trade in services statistics (ITSS). It contains annual bilateral data covering 202 reporters and partners, broken down by the 12 main EBOPS2010 (BPM6) categories.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents statistics on inland fisheries: in tonnes and national currency.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification, of which Harmonized System 2017 is the most recent. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2017 onwards.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset includes conversion factors used for International Trade by Commodity Statistics datasets. Exchange rates are expressed in US dollars per national currency unit and based on annual exchange rates. To convert trade data from US dollars into national currency, trade data in US dollars should be divided by this exchange rate. Data are available from 1961 onwards.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset is a complement to the publication Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation. It shows estimates of agricultural support for OECD countries as well as some non-member economies. These summary tables which are designed specifically to monitor, and evaluate the level and composition of agricultural policy support, focus on: Producer Support Estimate (PSE), representing transfers granted to producers individually; General Service Support Estimate (GSSE), representing transfers granted to producers collectively, that is, services that benefit agriculture but whose initial incidence is not at the level of individual farmers; Consumer Support Estimate (CSE), representing transfers granted to consumers. The CSE is almost always negative because transfers from consumers due to market price support policies outweigh any consumption subsidies from taxpayers that might be granted to consumers. Total Support Estimate (TSE), representing the sum of the three above-mentioned components, adjusted for double-counting given that some market price transfers are accounted for in both the PSE and CSE. The value of those transfers are further analysed by looking at their relative share in agricultural support, in agricultural economy and in the economy as a whole, together with other indicators such as Nominal Assistance Coefficient (NAC) and Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC).
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: The OECD-WTO Balanced International Trade in Services dataset provides annual bilateral data on international trade in services statistics covering 191 economies and partners. The data are broken down for the 11 main Extended Balance of Payments Services (EBOPS) classifications.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset and predefined summary tables are a complement to the report Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation, which monitors agricultural policy developments in both OECD member countries and non-OECD economies. The OECD uses a comprehensive system for measuring and classifying support to agriculture - the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs and CSEs) and related indicators. They provide insight into the increasingly complex nature of agricultural policy and serve as a basis for OECD’s work on agricultural policies.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD intra-EEA STRI heterogeneity indices complement the newly published intra-EEA STRI's and presents indices of regulatory heterogeneity, The indices are built from assessing – for each country pair and each measure – whether or not the countries have the same regulation. For each country pair and each sector, the indices reflect the (weighted) share of measures for which the two countries have different regulation.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents statistics on trade by product: imports and exports in tonnes and US dollars, for all sorts of fish, shellfish, etc. and all types of processing. Classification is according the Harmonised System (HS, i.e. harmonized commodity description and coding system of the World Customs Organization).
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: The OECD database of Agri-environmental Indicators provides the latest and most comprehensive set of agri-environmental indicators (AEIs) across 35 OECD countries and UE countries (plus Norway and Switzerland) from 1990 to 2015. This database builds from OECD questionnaire and the close collaboration with Eurostat. Eurostat is in charge of the data collection statistics for EU countries plus Norway and Switzerland. The OECD Secretariat collects data for non-EU OECD countries on the basis of the OECD Agri-environmental Indicators questionnaire.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Trade in Value Added
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset reveals how the value of a country’s gross exports of intermediate and final products is an accumulation of value generated by many industries in many countries. Data show the origin of value added in gross exports, by source country and source industry.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset presents data by type of ownership, that is foreign or domestically controlled enterprise (with or without own affiliates abroad).
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents statistics on employment in fisheries: number of persons, male and female, employed full-time and part-time, in each subsector of the fisheries.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset provides the latest and most comprehensive data across OECD countries on agricultural nutrient balances. The gross nutrient balances (N and P) are calculated as the difference between the total quantity of nutrient inputs entering an agricultural system (mainly fertilisers, livestock manure), and the quantity of nutrient outputs leaving the system (mainly uptake of nutrients by crops and grassland). Gross nutrient balances are expressed in tonnes of nutrient surplus (when positive) or deficit (when negative). This calculation can be used as a proxy to reveal the status of environmental pressures, such as declining soil fertility in the case of a nutrient deficit, or for a nutrient surplus the risk of polluting soil, water and air. The nutrient balance indicator is also expressed in terms of kilogrammes of nutrient surplus per hectare of agricultural land to facilitate the comparison of the relative intensity of nutrients in agricultural systems between countries.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Growing economic and political integration worldwide has increased the sensitivity of employment in one country or region to changes in demand in other countries or regions. The OECD’s Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database enables researchers to derive experimental indicators that reveal how annual changes in OECD employment can be decomposed to account for changes in final demand for goods and services across different countries and regions. The notion of jobs embodied in final demand attempts to capture the average number or share of jobs engaged in producing output that satisfied demand for final goods and services. Final demand figures for both domestic and foreign part include Household consumption, General government final expenditure, Gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisition of valuables. The changes in inventories by definition may be negative, therefore jobs embodied in final demand may become negative in some specific sectors
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset presents data by export intensity: that is the share of exports on total turnover.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents statistics on fishing fleet: gross tonnage and number of vessels, with and without engine, depending on vessel length.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset shows imports/exports by type of trader: that is exporter only, importer only or both importer and exporter (Two-way trader).
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: The central issue of trade by enterprise characteristics is to disaggregate trade flows according the characteristics of the enterprises engaged in cross-border transactions. The feasibility of doing so largely depends on the possibility of using or developing common identifiers between the trade register and the business register. Countries differ in their ability to perform such a linking, and matching ratios (between business and trade registers) vary across countries, and as a consequence the degree of representativeness of the results also varies across countries.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264370739 , 9789264609549 , 9789264477988
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Brasilien ; Trade ; Brazil
    Abstract: This Digital Trade Review of Brazil provides an overview of Brazil’s participation in digital trade and the related regulatory environment. It provides insights into how Brazil might ensure that the new challenges raised by the digital transformation for trade can be managed and the benefits shared more inclusively. While Brazil has embraced the digital transformation and has strong potential to benefit from digital trade, it will need to continue the ongoing process of regulatory reform. This includes reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade on ICT goods; reducing regulatory barriers to ICT services; increasing engagement in international discussions on digital trade; and continuing efforts to bridge digital divides.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264967205 , 9789264348592 , 9789264828490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (277 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Kolumbien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Colombia
    Abstract: Rural regions in Colombia have untapped potential to boost wealth and well-being in the country. Despite remarkable economic growth over the last two decades, Colombia’s development policy needs to increase its focus on rurality, as regional inequalities remain high by OECD standards and structural challenges still prevent greater development in rural places. This report assesses trends, challenges and opportunities of rural Colombia and examines the country’s rural development policy. It offers recommendations to mobilise rural assets and improve rural well-being with a focus on: strengthening multi-government coordination and policy implementation; enhancing transport and broadband connectivity as well as accessibility to quality education and health and; improving land use management in rural Colombia.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.29
    Keywords: Kraftstoff ; Subvention ; Wirkungsanalyse ; APEC-Staaten ; Trade ; Environment
    Abstract: According to latest data from the OECD and the IEA, government support for the production and use of fossil fuels across 81 major economies totalled USD 351 billion in 2020, amounting to USD 183 billion across 50 OECD, G20, and Eastern Partnership economies. While the difficulty of reform is evident from the range and complexity of challenges confronting governments in the phasing-out of fossil-fuel subsidies, APEC economy-led fossil-fuel subsidy peer reviews play a key role in pointing out commonly faced challenges, and present options to tackle them more effectively. This report is the first comprehensive attempt to document “scalable” lessons and examples of good practice emerging from fossil-fuel subsidy peer reviews: taking stock of progress in their phase-out as reflected in the peer review reports, considering the role of the peer review process in promoting reform, and proposing potential ways to enhance the process. Eleven peer reviews are documented, seven of which were chaired by the OECD and four in which the IEA was a member of the review panel. Six of these peer reviews were conducted under the auspices of the G20, and four under APEC auspices, with the addition of the OECD-IEA review of the Netherlands, modelled on the G20 review process. The economies reviewed inventoried between three to thirty-nine measures, of an average self-declared value of USD 13 billion, for those reviews which quantified fossil fuel support measures. The “scalable” lessons drawn from the peer reviews can be used to further spur progress towards rationalising and phasing out fossil-fuel subsidies, thanks to the insights on the approaches and good practices for designing the reform process. These insights include the need to accommodate for differing contexts, objectives and definitions; to prioritise inter-ministerial co-ordination; to promote active government and stakeholder participation; and to engage a cross-sectional peer review panel.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264594708 , 9789264897212 , 9789264760202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Risiko ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Sicherheit ; Produktqualität ; Welt ; Trade ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. At the same time, some counterfeits can be of low quality and create significant additional risks, including health risks (fake pharmaceuticals or food products), safety risks (counterfeit automotive spare parts, fake batteries) and environmental risks (fake chemicals or pesticides). This study presents detailed information on the value of counterfeit trade in such dangerous fake goods, analyses changes in the volumes and composition of the goods, and maps key trade routes. The evidence in this report can be used to raise awareness of the risks of this trade and its implications for health and environmental policy.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Évaluation de l’impact environnemental des mesures de la base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Transport
    Abstract: This Policy Brief provides the key findings and policy insights from the April 2022 update of OECD Green Recovery Database, which tracks recovery measures with a clear environmental impact adopted by OECD member countries, the European Union and selected large economies. Since the previous update in September 2021, the budget allocated to environmentally positive measures increased from USD 677 billion to USD 1 090 billion, while recovery spending with ‘mixed’ impacts increased from USD 163 to 290 billion. The Brief also explores how well-designed green recovery plans can generate the double dividend of enhanced energy security and better environmental outcomes, in the face of energy security concerns triggered by the war in Ukraine.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264345263 , 9789264425934 , 9789264454996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Politischer Konflikt ; MENA-Staaten ; Irak ; Libyen ; Syrien ; Jemen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Environment ; Governance ; Iraq ; Libya ; Syrian Arab Republic ; Yemen ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: To contribute to the existing pool of evidence on the dynamic interplay between illicit trade and armed conflicts, this report looks at illicit trade flows in four separate conflict-affected countries in the MENA region: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen. For the case of Yemen, the report also presents a deep-dive analysis of illicit trade flows and the relevant governance environment. The findings highlight that illicit trade networks in these countries are dynamic, complex, and heavily integrated into regional and global networks.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’approvisionnement des matières premières critiques est compromis par l’offensive russe en Ukraine
    Keywords: Rohstoff ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Rohstoffmarkt ; Kriegsfolgen ; Exportbeschränkung ; Sanktion ; Russland ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Severe disruptions to global markets caused by Russia’s war on Ukraine have exposed vulnerabilities to the security of the supply of raw materials critical for industrial production and for the green transition. These supply chain vulnerabilities are the result of export restrictions, bilateral dependencies, a lack of transparency and persistent market asymmetries, including the concentration of production in just a few countries. A collective and co-ordinated approach among OECD countries can contribute to economic security, while preserving the benefits of open markets and a rules-based international trading system.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264676312 , 9789264326323 , 9789264674967
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Internationale Migration ; Binnenwanderung ; Regionalentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Trade ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: With many regions in OECD countries facing declining working age populations, the geographical dimension of migration has become crucial for regional development. Where migrants settle within countries and how much they contribute to the local economies are important questions for policy makers. This report aims to address these questions using two novel datasets that offer internationally comparable information on migration and migrants' labour market integration across cities, towns and rural areas in OECD countries. The report also analyses different dimensions of regional development and provides new evidence on how migrants contribute to regional income, innovation, international trade and labour markets.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9798400208409 , 9798400208386
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 43 Seiten)
    Keywords: Subvention ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; WTO-Recht ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Strategische Handelspolitik ; Welt ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Dealing constructively with subsidies in global commerce is central to G20 leaders’ goal of reforming and strengthening the multilateral trading system. The growing use of distortive subsidies alters trade and investment flows, detracts from the value of tariff bindings and other market access commitments, and undercuts public support for open trade. Sharp differences over subsidies are contributing to global trade tensions that are harming growth and living standards. This report seeks to highlight the potential benefits of closer cooperation and considers some areas where this might be pursued constructively by governments or other international organizations. This report aims to begin a discussion within the international community on how to develop and implement such an agenda.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Effets de l’agression russe contre l’Ukraine sur les marchés agricoles et conséquences pour l’action publique
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Agrarmarkt ; Agraraußenhandel ; Ernährungssicherung ; Lebensmittelpreis ; Russland ; Ukraine ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has been since February 2022 undermining the latter’s capacity to harvest and export crops. A reduction in export capacity from Ukraine and Russia, and rising energy and fertiliser prices are pushing up international food prices, thereby threatening global food security. Findings presented in this brief suggest that the full loss of Ukraine’s capacity to export together with a 50% reduction in Russian wheat export could lead to a 34% increase in international wheat prices in the marketing year 2022/23.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade ; Science and Technology ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO (Édition 2022)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook dataset includes data beginning from 1970 through to projections for 2022-31. The projections cover agriculture markets and commodities such as cereals, oil-seeds, dairy products, cotton and more. Trade statistics include data on production and output, prices, trade balances, ending stocks, consumption, transformation, and so on. Domestic and international commodity prices are available for most commodity markets analysed in the Agricultural Outlook publication.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264575561 , 9789264505896 , 9789264861558
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Coronavirus ; Messung ; Bibliometrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Asien ; Education ; Economics ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: This report represents the second outcome of the collaboration between the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to improve the measurement and analysis of productivity developments across APO and OECD member economies. The report discusses the potential impact of COVID-19 on productivity and examines the role of Multifactor Productivity (MFP) as a major driver of economic growth and changes in living standards. It then identifies the most important factors influencing MFP growth and describes the most important challenges affecting the measurement of each of these factors as well as the estimation of their impact on MFP. The report provides key recommendations to improve the reliability and interpretation of the empirical evidence for economic analysis.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Epidemie ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Welt ; Trade
    Abstract: International trade plunged in 2020 but recovered sharply in 2021. While total trade flows are now comfortably above pre-pandemic levels, trade impacts across specific goods, services and trade partners are highly diverse, creating pressures on specific sectors and supply chains. The changes in the trade structure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in a single year was of a similar magnitude to changes otherwise typically seen over 4-5 years. Substantial imbalances across trade partners and products remained at the end of 2021, and not all of the accumulated losses from the earlier steep declines were recuperated. The heterogeneity of trade impacts and changes in trade flows across products, sources and destinations signifies high uncertainty and adjustment costs, and implies additional incentives for consumers, firms and governments to adopt new — or to intensify existing — risk mitigation strategies.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe グローバル・サプライチェーンの活躍:COVID-19対策に活用された三大製品の物語
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Arzneimittel ; Medizinprodukt ; Lieferkette ; Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Welt ; Trade
    Abstract: The goods needed to vaccinate, protect and test during the COVID-19 pandemic are produced across many different countries. This brief tells the tale of three products ‒ vaccines, face masks and tests ‒ and highlights the role of trade in the fight against COVID-19. International markets and global supply chains played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic: first, by helping countries avail themselves of the goods needed to address the pandemic; second, by providing a means to ease temporary supply constraints; and third, by enabling access to key components to ramp up production to meet surging demand.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264655478 , 9789264691902 , 9789264803343
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu’à 2030 (version abrégée) : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has an unprecedented ambition, but also confronts countries with an enormous challenge given the complex and integrated nature of the Agenda with its 17 Goals, underpinned by 169 Targets. To assist national governments with their implementation, the OECD has developed a unique methodology allowing comparison of progress across SDG goals and targets, and also over time. Based on the Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and leveraging UN and OECD data, this report provides a high-level assessment of OECD Member countries’ performance across the Goals and Targets of the 2030 Agenda. The report evaluates the distance that OECD countries need to travel to meet SDG targets for which data is currently available, but it goes one step further and deepens the analysis by identifying long-term trends, considering also how these trends may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. By providing a high-level overview of countries’ strengths and weaknesses in performance across the SDGs, it aims to support Member countries in navigating the SDGs and in setting their own priorities for action within the broad 2030 Agenda.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264713956 , 9789264849273 , 9789264467248
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Alkoholisches Getränk ; Alkohol ; Kriminalität ; Gesundheitswesen ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: Trade in illicit alcohol products is an attractive target for organised crime, as both the market and potential profits are large, in some cases requiring little investment. The illicit alcohol trade not only fuels criminal networks, but also poses significant risks to public health and safety. This report structures and enhances existing evidence on illicit alcohol trade. It examines the nature and scope of illicit trade in the sector, assesses the impacts of illicit trade on socio-economic development, and identifies the factors driving illicit trade in the sector.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264786813 , 9789264545601 , 9789264651326
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Frauen ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Unternehmerinnen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Neuseeland ; Trade ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This Trade and Gender Review of New Zealand draws on both quantitative and qualitative insights to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of trade, and trade policies, on New Zealand women as workers, consumers, and business owners and leaders. This Review sets out policy recommendations to help tackle the barriers that women face in engaging in trade and ensure that they share in the benefits from trade. Key recommendations include ensuring market access for goods and services that women produce and consume; incorporating gender provisions in trade agreements; trade facilitation reforms that particularly benefit women entrepreneurs; export promotion of women-led businesses; and ensuring diversity in trade policymaking.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264475342 , 9789264830707 , 9789264874916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Agrarsubvention ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Agri-environmental payment schemes which operate as voluntary programmes that pay farmers to achieve certain environmental criteria have gained increasing interest and popularity amongst policy makers and farmers. There is growing evidence, however, that the majority of such schemes that have been implemented have had little environmental effectiveness. Building on past OECD work, this report identifies and discusses “best practice” design principles for cost-effective agri-environmental payment schemes. To this end, the report reviews the literature, develops a Policy Spectrum Framework that classifies payment types based on key design features for achieving cost-effective outcomes, and presents policy simulations undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of different payment designs and a multi-country choice experiment conducted with farmers to explore their preferences for different types of payments, ranging from practice-based to results-based payments.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.37
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Nuclear Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Japan
    Abstract: Ten years ago, a devastating earthquake, tsunamis and nuclear accident in Japan took thousands of lives and affected millions of people. This unprecedented disaster generated numerous lessons for policymakers in Japan and around the world on how to prepare, respond to and recover from shocks, and build resilient communities, regions and societies. The 30 to 40 year process of decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station offers the impetus and a rare window of opportunity to cultivate long-term, sustainable growth and resilience in the region and beyond. This Policy Brief presents the outcomes of the OECD-Japan Policy Dialogue on Developing Decommissioning Industry Clusters in Fukushima, conducted in 2019–20. It discusses the opportunities and challenges related to the decommissioning, and the policy options for sustainable recovery and development in the region. It also presents experiences and lessons relevant to Fukushima from other OECD regions and cities. While the brief is designed for local readers (e.g. policy makers, the private sector, academia, civil society), it also aims to raise the global profile of Fukushima’s ongoing reconstruction and recovery efforts.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264517752 , 9789264726819 , 9789264706958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 239 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD agriculture and food policy reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Norwegen ; Agriculture and Food ; Norway ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway is performing unevenly across its four agricultural policy objectives. While Norway enjoys a high level of food security and is meeting its aim of maintaining agricultural production across the country, both environmental performance and the efficient creation of value added along the food chain are compromised by support policies linked to production levels. Support to producers relative to gross farm receipts is the highest among OECD countries, with 59% of farmers’ revenues coming from government support. Only 3% of total support to agriculture is dedicated to research and innovation. Moreover, while Norway has strong public research institutions and well-designed tax deductions, the private sector lacks the right policy incentives to innovate. This review proposes a new policy approach, centred around innovations that would enable Norway to achieve its objectives and improve the productivity, sustainability and resilience of its agro-food sector. Specific recommendations include increasing the responsiveness of the sector to markets, giving farmers greater flexibility in making production decisions, placing greater emphasis on agri-environmental outcomes, and increasing the role of the private sector in research and innovation.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264647381 , 9789264438088 , 9789264498280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Illicit trade
    Keywords: Containerverkehr ; Container ; Illegaler Handel ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Schifffahrt ; Governance ; Transport ; Trade ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides empirical evidence about the misuse of container ships in international trade in counterfeits. It also suggests the main routes of trade with containers polluted with illicit trade. Finally, the report also outlines the economic landscape for containerized maritime transport and investigates policy gaps that enable its misuse by criminals in illicit trade.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264573871 , 9789264595279 , 9789264763906
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Illicit trade
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Schweiz ; Governance ; Trade ; Switzerland ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Swiss economy is innovative and knowledge-intensive. Consequently, it relies heavily on intellectual property rights. Swiss industries are also export-oriented and solidly integrated in the global economy. At the same time, the threats of counterfeiting and piracy are growing, and Swiss industries are vulnerable. This report measures the direct economic effects of counterfeiting on Swiss industry and the Swiss government. It estimates the impact of the global trade in fake products that pose as “Swiss made” in terms of lost jobs, forgone profits and lower tax revenues.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264752627 , 9789264967830 , 9789264693623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 282 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Ernährungspolitik ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Food systems around the world face a triple challenge: providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population; supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain; and contributing to environmental sustainability. Better policies hold tremendous promise for making progress in these domains. This report focuses on three questions. What has been the performance of food systems to date, and what role did policies play? How can policy makers design coherent policies across the triple challenge? And how can policy makers deal with frictions related to facts, interests, and values, which often complicate the task of achieving better policies? Better policies will require breaking down silos between agriculture, health, and environmental policies, and overcoming knowledge gaps, resistance from interest groups, and differing values. Robust, inclusive, evidence-based processes are thus essential to making better policies for food systems.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264876484 , 9789264371026 , 9789264417663
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 135 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Toolkit for Water Policies and Governance compiles policies, governance arrangements and related tools that facilitate the design and implementation of water management practices in line with the OECD Council Recommendation on Water. It is designed to inspire and support countries which have either adhered to, are considering adhering to, or aim to converge towards the OECD standard. The Recommendation was unanimously adopted by the OECD Council in December 2016. The adoption marked the outcome of a two-year consultation process with delegates from ministries active in the fields of agriculture, development assistance, environment, public governance, regional development, and regulatory policy, as well as with relevant stakeholders (the business sector, trade unions, environmental organisations) and the OECD Water Governance Initiative. The Recommendation puts forward an international standard with high-level policy guidance on a range of topics relevant for the management of water resources and delivery of water services. The areas covered include managing water quantity, water risks and disasters, improving water quality, ensuring good water governance as well as sustainable finance, investment and pricing for water services. The practices reported in the toolkit have been compiled by the OECD Secretariat, in close consultation with delegates from adhering countries. Regular updates will be made available.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris, France : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264404793
    Language: English , French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: International standards for fruit and vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current plums standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in plums. This brochure is available in electronic format only.
    Note: Text englisch und französisch
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Naturschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Finanzpolitik ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Trade
    Abstract: Nature underpins all economic activities and human well-being. It is the world’s most important asset. Yet humanity is destroying biodiversity at an unprecedented rate, posing significant but often overlooked risks to the economy, the financial sector and the well-being of current and future generations. This report provides the latest findings and policy guidance for G7 and other countries in four key areas: measuring and mainstreaming biodiversity; aligning budgetary and fiscal policy with biodiversity; embedding biodiversity in the financial sector; and improving biodiversity outcomes linked to international trade. The report shows how Finance, Economic and Environment Ministries can drive the transformative changes required to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. This Policy Paper was prepared as an input document for the United Kingdom Presidency of the G7 in 2021.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264911260 , 9789264348738 , 9789264752788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Landwirtschaft ; Coping-Strategie ; Chile ; Italien ; Japan ; Namibia ; Neuseeland ; Türkei ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Chile ; Italy ; Japan ; Namibia ; New Zealand ; Turkey ; United States
    Abstract: Natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID), such as floods, droughts, severe storms, and animal pests and diseases have significant, widespread and long-lasting impacts on agricultural sectors around the world. With climate change set to amplify many of these impacts, a “business-as-usual” approach to disaster risk management in agriculture cannot continue if we are to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability growth, and sustainable development. Drawing from seven case studies – Chile, Italy, Japan, Namibia, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States – this joint OECD-FAO report argues for a new approach to building resilience to NHID in agriculture. It explores the policy measures, governance arrangements, on-farm strategies and other initiatives that countries are using to increase agricultural resilience to NHID, highlighting emerging good practices. It offers concrete recommendations on what more needs to be done to shift from coping with the impacts of disasters, to an ex ante approach that focuses on preventing and mitigating the impacts of disasters, helping the sector be better prepared to respond to disasters, and to adapt and transform in order to be better positioned for future disasters.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264506381 , 9789264317161 , 9789264402201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Finnland ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Finland examines what drives FDI into Finland and which domestic regulatory aspects may discourage foreign investment. The report analyses trends in FDI flows towards Finland and other Nordic-Baltic countries and discusses the benefits of foreign investment for the Finnish economy. It provides a comparative overview of the regulatory frameworks in force in Finland and its Nordic-Baltic peers, outlining both economy-wide and sector-specific findings, and explores how changes in these regulatory frameworks are linked to changes in FDI inflows in the region. Foreign investors’ views on Finland’s business environment complement these findings. The report underlines potential areas for reform and suggests policy actions that could further improve Finland’s investment climate and contribute to attracting and retaining more FDI, while also strengthening its positive impact.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264826649 , 9789264359178 , 9789264905184
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Ukraine ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The OECD has been working on water policy reform in the countries of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia for over 20 years. Three of the countries within the region, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have signed Association Agreements with the European Union. These agreements provide a framework for deeper political ties and stronger economic links with the EU and include commitments for approximation towards EU legislation including the Water Framework Directive. Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have ambitious long-term strategic plans for their water sectors, which include fulfilment of requirements under the Association Agreements and international commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals. The water policy outlooks baseline the country policy framework and current performance and then define the long-term vision and aspirations to 2030. The outlooks aim to demonstrate the likelihood of the current policy framework to achieve the long-term objectives and desired future state of the water sector, and include identification of opportunities for improving policy coherence and policies that have the opportunity to improve the likelihood of success.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Trade ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered necessary large scale emergency government support for businesses and industries. The design and implementation of this support is crucial in avoiding domestic and international market distortions in the medium- and long-term. This brief considers ways to ensure that short-term crisis responses do not result in unintended negative implications for competition and trade in the medium- and long-term. It highlights the competition and trade policy tools governments can use to effectively balance the needs of the COVID-19 pandemic response while ensuring that this response does not undermine efforts to maintain a level playing field, domestically and globally.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungspolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Coronavirus ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: In 2020, the agriculture and food sector experienced significant supply chain disruptions due to the COVID-19 crisis and associated lockdown measures. Yet relatively limited economic impacts were observed on the sector due to the agility of producers, supply chain actors and retailers, but also to the rapid and broad response by governments. Close to 800 measures were undertaken by governments in 54 developed and emerging countries, aimed to avoid aggravating disruptions, absorb supply and demand shocks, provide relief to affected producers and consumers, or to bolster the recovery of affected production activities. At least USD 157 billion was earmarked to the agriculture sector to support these measures, with a large part going to food assistance. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this sector subsides, policy makers will need to pivot and shift spending to investments that can enhance sector-wide resilience.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264821132 , 9789264588769 , 9789264527690
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Illegaler Handel ; Online-Handel ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: Networks of illicit trade in counterfeits use many modern solutions, including e-commerce, a tool that offers numerous advantages for consumers and businesses. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated both illicit trade and its misuse of the online environment. This report uses a tailored, statistical methodology to assess the misuse of e-commerce for trade in counterfeit goods. It also presents key government actions and industry initiatives to counter this risk.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264538146 , 9789264407442 , 9789264568297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Electronic Commerce ; Illegaler Handel ; Produktpiraterie ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This study provides an overview of government- and industry-specific measures to address the abuse of online platforms by counterfeiters. In recent years, trading platforms have been instrumental in the growth in e-commerce, but at the same time, they can be abused by illicit trade networks. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these problems as people turned to e-commerce during lockdowns and shop closures. Governments and industries have recognised these problems and are addressing them in various ways, including providing more transparency, streamlining procedures, and facilitating co-operation.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Mexico that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Chile that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: The balanced merchandise trade database comprises international trade statistics where calculations have been made to reduce the asymmetries between import and export data. Differences arise from valuation (CIF for imports and FOB for exports), in partner country classification, in customs regimes, and in compilation and dissemination methodologies. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2007 onwards.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Lithuania officially adopted the Euro with effect from 1 January 2015. Figures prior to this date were originally reported in Lithuanian Litas (LTL) and have been converted using the exchange rate EUR 1 = LTL 3.4528. The Ministry of Finance of Lithuania annually publishes official tax-expenditure data on their website.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in India that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
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