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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (182)
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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Former Title: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Former Title: annual report ...
    Former Title: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9781784714055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich A. von Hayek, Robert W. Fogel, Douglas C. North and Amartya K. Sen
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Myrdal, Gunnar ; Hayek, Friedrich A. von ; Fogel, Robert William ; North, Douglass Cecil ; Sen, Amartya ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Anthologie ; Myrdal, Gunnar 1898-1987 ; Hayek, Friedrich A. von 1899-1992 ; Fogel, Robert William 1926-2013 ; North, Douglass Cecil 1920-2015 ; Sen, Amartya 1933-
    Abstract: This groundbreaking title brings together a critical selection of key papers by the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics that have helped shape the development and present state of economics. The editors have organised this comprehensive series by theme and focuses on those Laureates working in the same broad area of study. The careful selection of papers is set in context by an insightful introduction to the Laureates' careers and main published works. This landmark title will be an essential reference for scholars throughout the world
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Blaug, Mark (ed.) (1999), Who's Who in Economics, 3rd edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Blaug, Mark and Howard R. Vane (eds) (2003), Who's Who in Economics, 4th edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Lindbeck, Assar (1985), 'The Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel', Journal of Economic Literature, 23, March, pp. 37-56. -- Lindbeck, Assar (2001), 'The Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969-2000', in A.W. Levinovitz and N. Ringertz (eds), The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years, London: Imperial College Press and World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 197-220. -- Nobel Foundation (2010), Official Web Site, www.nobelprize.org. -- Vane, Howard R. and Chris Mulhearn (2005), The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to Their Careers and Main Published Works, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Gunnar Myrdal (1939), 'The Concept of Monetary Equilibrium', in Monetary Equilibrium, Chapter 3, London: William Hodge & Co., 29-48 -- Gunnar Myrdal (1944a), 'Facets of the Negro Problem', in An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, Chapter 3, New York and London: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 50-80, 1185-7 -- Gunnar Myrdal (1944b), 'The Mechanics of Economic Discrimination as a Practical Problem', in An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, Chapter 17, New York and London: Harper and & Brothers Publishers, 380-96, 1292-5 -- Gunnar Myrdal (1953), 'Politics and Political Economy', in The Political Element in the Development of Economic Theory, Chapter 1, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, 1-22, 218-20 -- Gunnar Myrdal (1968), 'The Mechanism of Underdevelopment and Development and a Sketch of an Elementary Theory of Planning for Development', in Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, Volume III, Appendix 2, New York, NY: Pantheon Books and Twentieth Century Fund, 1843-940 -- Friedrich A. Hayek (1933), 'The Fundamental Cause of Cyclical Fluctuations', in Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle, Chapter IV, London: Jonathan Cape, 139-92 -- F.A. von Hayek (1935), 'The Maintenance of Capital', Economica, 2 (7), August, 241-76 -- F.A. von Hayek (1937), 'Economics and Knowledge', Economica, 4 (13), February, 33-54 -- Friedrich A. von Hayek (1939), Freedom and the Economic System, Public Policy Pamphlet No. 29 (ed. Harry D. Gideonse), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1-38 -- F.A. Hayek (1945), 'The Use of Knowledge in Society', American Economic Review, XXXV (4), September, 519-30 -- F.A. Hayek (1960), 'Introduction' and 'The Safeguards of Individual Liberty', in The Constitution of Liberty, Introduction and Chapter 14, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1-8, 419-20, 205-19, 484-91 -- Robert W. Fogel (1964), 'Summary and Interpretation', in Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History, Chapter VI, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, 207-49 -- Robert William Fogel (1989), 'Unraveling Some Economic Riddles', in Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery, Chapter 3, New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 60-80, 432-5, references
    Abstract: R.W. Fogel (1992), 'Second Thoughts on the European Escape from Hunger: Famines, Chronic Malnutrition, and Mortality Rates', in S.R. Osmani (ed.), Nutrition and Poverty, Chapter 9, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 243-86, references -- Robert W. Fogel (1994), 'Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-Term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy', American Economic Review, 84 (3), June, 369-95 -- Robert W. Fogel and Dora L. Costa (1997), 'A Theory of Technophysio Evolution, with Some Implications for Forecasting Population, Health Care Costs, and Pension Costs', Demography, 34 (1), February, 49-66 -- Robert William Fogel (2004), 'Why the Twentieth Century Was So Remarkable', in The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100: Europe, America, and the Third World, Chapter 2, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 20-42, 129-35, references -- Douglass C. North (1961), 'The Analytical Framework', in The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790-1860, Chapter 1, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1-14 -- Douglass C. North (1968), 'Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600-1850', Journal of Political Economy, 76 (5), September/October, 953-70 -- Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1989), 'Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England', Journal of Economic History, 49 (4), December, 803-32 -- Douglass C. North (1990), 'Institutions, Economic Theory, and Economic Performance', in Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Chapter 12, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 107-17, references -- Douglass C. North (1991), 'Institutions', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (1), Winter, 97-112 -- Douglass C. North (1994), 'Economic Performance Through Time', American Economic Review, 84 (3), June, 359-68 -- Amartya Sen (1970), 'The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal', Journal of Political Economy, 78 (1), January/February, 152-7 -- Amartya Sen (1976), 'Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement', Econometrica, 44 (2), March, 219-31 -- Amartya Sen (1977a), 'Starvation and Exchange Entitlements: A General Approach and its Application to the Great Bengal Famine', Cambridge Journal of Economics, 1 (1), March, 33-59 -- Amartya K. Sen (1977b), 'Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory', Philosophy and Public Affairs, 6 (4), Summer, 317-44 -- Amartya Sen (1979), 'Personal Utilities and Public Judgements: Or What's Wrong With Welfare Economics?', Economic Journal, 89 (355), September, 537-58 -- Amartya Sen (1998), 'Mortality as an Indicator of Economic Success and Failure', Economic Journal, 108 (446), January, 1-25
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784714031
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Herbert A. Simon, George J. Stigler and Ronald H. Coase
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Simon, Herbert Alexander ; Stigler, George Joseph ; Coase, R. H. ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Anthologie ; Simon, Herbert Alexander 1916-2001 ; Stigler, George Joseph 1911-1991 ; Coase, R. H. 1910-2013
    Abstract: This groundbreaking title brings together a critical selection of key papers by the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics that have helped shape the development and present state of economics. The editors have organised this comprehensive series by theme and focuses on those Laureates working in the same broad area of study. The careful selection of papers is set in context by an insightful introduction to the Laureates' careers and main published works. This landmark title will be an essential reference for scholars throughout the world
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Blaug, Mark (ed.) (1999), Who's Who in Economics, 3rd edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Blaug, Mark and Howard R. Vane (eds) (2003), Who's Who in Economics, 4th edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Lindbeck, Assar (1985), 'The Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel', Journal of Economic Literature, 23, March, pp. 37-56. -- Lindbeck, Assar (2001), 'The Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969-2000', in A.W. Levinovitz and N. Ringertz (eds), The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years, London: Imperial College Press and World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 197-220. -- Nobel Foundation (2010), Official Web Site, www.nobelprize.org. -- Vane, Howard R. and Chris Mulhearn (2005), The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to Their Careers and Main Published Works, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Herbert A. Simon (1955), 'A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69 (1), February, 99-118 -- Herbert A. Simon (1959), 'Theories of Decision-Making in Economics and Behavioral Science', American Economic Review, XLIX (3), June, 253-83 -- Herbert A. Simon (1962), 'The Architecture of Complexity', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106 (6), December, 467-82 -- Herbert A. Simon (1972), 'Theories of Bounded Rationality', in C.B. McGuire and Roy Radner (eds), Decision and Organization: A Volume in Honor of Jacob Marschak, Chapter 8, Amsterdam and London: North-Holland Publishing Company, 161-76, references -- Herbert A. Simon (1978), 'Rationality as a Process and as Product of Thought', American Economic Review, 68 (2), May, 1-16 -- Herbert A. Simon (1979), 'Rational Decision Making in Business Organizations', American Economic Review, 69 (4), September, 493-513 -- George J. Stigler (1945), 'The Cost of Subsistence', Journal of Farm Economics, 27 (2), May, 303-14 -- George J. Stigler (1947), 'The Kinky Oligopoly Demand Curve and Rigid Prices', Journal of Political Economy, 55 (5), October, 432-49 -- George J. Stigler (1961), 'The Economics of Information', Journal of Political Economy, LXIX (3), June, 213-25 -- George J. Stigler (1962), 'Information in the Labor Market', Journal of Political Economy, 70 (5, Part 2), October, 94-105 -- George J. Stigler (1964), 'A Theory of Oligopoly', Journal of Political Economy, 72 (1), February, 44-61 -- George J. Stigler (1971), 'The Theory of Economic Regulation', Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2 (1), Spring, 3-21 -- R.H. Coase (1937), 'The Nature of the Firm', Economica, 4 (16), November, 386-405
    Abstract: R.H. Coase (1960), 'The Problem of Social Cost', Journal of Law and Economics, 3, October, 1-44
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781781002278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 328 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis and developing countries
    DDC: 330.90511
    RVK:
    Keywords: 1990-2011 ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Finanzkrise ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Finanzkrise ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Armut ; Electronic books ; Entwicklungsländer ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; Weltwirtschaftskrise ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: The Financial Crisis and Developing Countries discusses and analyses regional and country specific impacts of the financial crisis in emerging markets and developing countries, covering all continents. Using heterodox and mainstream methodologies, the book develops a multidisciplinary perspective on the crisis phenomenon as it examines how the crisis changes concepts of development, critically discusses the mainstream approach, analyses (global) governance issues (including the G20) and shows the actual impact for the poor and crisis vulnerable
    Abstract: pt. 1. The crisis and concepts of development -- pt. 2. Heterodox (political) economic interpretations -- pt. 3. Regional and country experiences -- pt. 4. Preparing for the next crisis?
    Note: Includes bibliogrpahical references (p. 286-313) and index
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784714062
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ragnar A. K. Frisch, Jan Tinbergen and Lawrence R. Klein
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Frisch, Ragnar ; Tinbergen, Jan ; Klein, Lawrence Robert ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics History ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Anthologie ; Frisch, Ragnar 1895-1973 ; Tinbergen, Jan 1903-1994 ; Klein, Lawrence Robert 1920-2013
    Abstract: This groundbreaking title brings together a critical selection of key papers by the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics that have helped shape the development and present state of economics. The editors have organised this comprehensive series by theme and focuses on those Laureates working in the same broad area of study. The careful selection of papers is set in context by an insightful introduction to the Laureates' careers and main published works. This landmark title will be an essential reference for scholars throughout the world
    Abstract: Gary Fromm and Lawrence R. Klein (1965), 'The Brookings- S.S.R.C. Quarterly Econometric Model of the United States: Model Properties', American Economic Review, 55 (1/2), March, 348-61 -- Phoebus J. Dhrymes, Lawrence R. Klein and Kenneth Steiglitz (1970), 'Estimation of Distributed Lags', International Economic Review, 11 (2), June, 235-50
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Blaug, Mark (ed.) (1999), Who's Who in Economics, 3rd edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Blaug, Mark and Howard R. Vane (eds) (2003), Who's Who in Economics, 4th edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Lindbeck, Assar (1985), 'The Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel', Journal of Economic Literature, 23, March, pp. 37-56. -- Lindbeck, Assar (2001), 'The Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969-2000', in A.W. Levinovitz and N. Ringertz (eds), The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years, London: Imperial College Press and World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 197-220. -- Nobel Foundation (2010), Official Web Site, www.nobelprize.org. -- Vane, Howard R. and Chris Mulhearn (2005), The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to Their Careers and Main Published Works, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Ragnar Frisch (1933), 'Propagation Problems and Impulse Problems in Dynamic Economics', in Economic Essays in Honour of Gustav Cassel, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 171-205 -- Ragnar Frisch (1934), 'Circulation Planning: Proposal for a National Organization of a Commodity and Service Exchange', Econometrica, 2 (3), July, 258-336, and 'Circulation Planning: Part III. Mathematical Appendix', Econometrica, 2 (4), October, 422-35 -- Ragnar Frisch (1936a), 'Annual Survey of General Economic Theory: The Problem of Index Numbers', Econometrica, 4 (1), January, 1-38 -- Ragnar Frisch (1936b), 'On the Notion of Equilibrium and Disequilibrium', Review of Economic Studies, 3 (2), February, 100-105 -- Ragnar Frisch (1981), 'From Utopian Theory to Practical Applications: The Case of Econometrics', American Economic Review, 71 (6), December, 1-16 -- J. Tinbergen (1940a), 'Econometric Business Cycle Research', Review of Economic Studies, 7 (2), February, 73-90 -- J. Tinbergen (1940b), 'On a Method of Statistical Business-Cycle Research: A Reply', Economic Journal, 50 (197), March, 141-54 -- Jan Tinbergen (1952), 'The Logical Structure of the Normal Quantitative Policy Problem (Targets and Instruments in Equal Numbers); Directives' and 'Inequality Between Number of Targets and Number of Instruments: Alternative Instruments or Incompatible Targets', in On the Theory of Economic Policy, Chapters IV and V, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 27-42 -- Jan Tinbergen (1959), 'An Economic Policy for 1936', in L.H. Klaassen, L.M. Koyck and H.J. Witteveen (eds), Jan Tinbergen: Selected Papers, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 37-84 -- Lawrence R. Klein (1947), 'Theories of Effective Demand and Employment', Journal of Political Economy, 55 (2), April, 108-31 -- Harold Barger and Lawrence R. Klein (1954), 'A Quarterly Model for the United States Economy', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49 (267), September, 413-37 -- L.R. Klein (1958), 'The Estimation of Distributed Lags', Econometrica, 26 (4), October, 553-65 -- Lawrence R. Klein (1964), 'A Postwar Quarterly Model: Description and Applications', in Models of Income Determination, National Bureau of Economic Research, Studies in Income and Wealth, Volume 28, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press for NBER, 11-36
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 27 S., 977 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum 2011-3
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. De meilleures réglementations économiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als De meilleures réglementations économiques
    Keywords: Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Good Governance ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Good transport services contribute strongly to the productivity of an economy and extend the range of activities accessible to consumers. Good services require adequate infrastructure and reasonable usage conditions to that infrastructure. Much transport infrastructure is capital intensive and lumpy. Such cost structures imply that there will be few service providers. In some circumstances the structure of costs and technology is such that economic regulation is the best way to drive efficient outcomes. Achieving the right governance structures - including the question of when to regulate and how to regulate - is central to performance of the sector and the subject of this paper, which summarises discussions at a Roundtable held in December 2010.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 17 S., 788 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum 2011-1
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. Améliorer la pratique de l'analyse coûts-bénéfices dans les transports
    Keywords: Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Verkehrsplanung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is widely recognized to be helpful, even indispensible, for making good decisions on what transport projects to fund. It essentially aims to figure out which projects offer the best value for money, one of the core criteria for making decisions. However, the practical relevance of cost-benefit analysis does not always live up to its appeal in principle. One problem is that there is disagreement about what to include in both the costs and the benefits side of the analysis, so that value for money is not always a fully transparent concept. A second problem is that value for money is only a partial criterion for decision-making, leading to disagreement about the relative importance of the results from CBA compared to other inputs into the decision-making process. Discussions at the Roundtable aimed to shed light on these conceptual problems by analysing the practice of CBA and comparing approaches to it in different countries. In short the aim was to identify a checklist of items that should be included in a socially relevant cost-benefit analysis, i.e. analysis that can be produced in reasonable time and at reasonable cost but is good enough to help resolve trade-offs.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9780857938077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 542 p)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Elgar companion to recent economic methodology
    DDC: 330.072
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; Heterodoxe Ökonomik ; Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; Economics Methodology ; Macroeconomics ; Electronic books ; Economics ; Methodology ; Economics ; Research ; Methodology
    Abstract: Bringing together a collection of leading contributors to this new methodological thinking, the authors explain how it differs from the past and point towards further concerns and future issues. The recent research programs explored include behavioral and experimental economics, neuroeconomics, new welfare theory, happiness and subjective well-being research, geographical economics, complexity and computational economics, agent-based modeling, evolutionary thinking, macroeconomics and Keynesianism after the crisis, and new thinking about the status of the economics profession and the role of the media in economics
    Abstract: pt. 1. Economics of behavior and choice -- pt. 2. Welfare and micro economic policy -- pt. 3. Complexity and computation in economics -- pt. 4 Evolution and evolutionary economics -- pt. 5. Macroeconomics -- pt. 6. The economics profession, the media and the public
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9780857935588
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 367 p)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The dissemination of economic ideas
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftstheorie ; Wirtschaftsordnung ; Internationale Beziehungen ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; Welt ; Economics History ; Economics Philosophy ; Electronic books ; Economics ; History ; Economics ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2009 ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This highly illuminating book marks a significant stage in our growing understanding of how the development of national traditions of economic thought has been affected by both internal and external factors
    Abstract: pt. 1. Systems of political economy -- pt. 2. European and American interactions -- pt. 3. The diffusion of economic ideas in south-eastern Europe and beyond -- pt. 4. The exchange of ideas between Japan and the rest of the world
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9780857938121
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 184 p)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alvey, Jim A short history of ethics and economics
    DDC: 330.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Socrates ; Xenophon ; Plato ; Aristoteles ; Ethik ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Altertum ; Griechenland ; Economics History To 146 B.C ; Economics Moral and ethical aspects ; Ethics, Ancient ; Electronic books ; Greece Politics and government To 146 B.C ; Economics ; History ; Economics ; Moral and ethical aspects ; Griechenland ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Politische Ökonomie
    Abstract: Arising from a disenchantment with mainstream economics--a dissatisfaction that is widespread today--A Short History of Ethics and Economics sketches the emergence and decline of the ethical tradition of economics and the crisis of modern economics. In doing so, James Alvey focuses on four of the leading ancient Greek thinkers: Socrates, Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. An introduction to ancient Greek political economy -- 3. An introduction to the Socratics : Socrates and Xenophon -- 4. Plato part I : the "early" and "middle" dialogues -- 5. Plato part II : the "late" dialogues -- 6. Aristotle part I : ethics -- 7. Aristotle part II : politics (high and low) -- 8. Aristotle part III : economics -- 9. Conclusion
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784714048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als James M. Buchanan, Gary S. Becker, Daniel Kahneman and Vernon L. Smith
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Buchanan, James M. ; Becker, Gary S. ; Kahneman, Daniel ; Smith, Vernon L. ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics History ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This groundbreaking title brings together a critical selection of key papers by the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics that have helped shape the development and present state of economics. The editors have organised this comprehensive series by theme and focuses on those Laureates working in the same broad area of study. The careful selection of papers is set in context by an insightful introduction to the Laureates' careers and main published works. This landmark title will be an essential reference for scholars throughout the world
    Abstract: Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1974), 'Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases', Science, 185 (4157), September, 1124-31 -- Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1979), 'Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk', Econometrica, 47 (2), March, 263-91 -- Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1984), 'Choices, Values, and Frames', American Psychologist, 39 (4), April, 341-50 -- Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard H. Thaler (1986), 'Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market', American Economic Review, 76 (4), September, 728-41 -- Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard H. Thaler (1990), 'Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem', Journal of Political Economy, 98 (6), December, 1325-48 -- Vernon L. Smith (1962), 'An Experimental Study of Competitive Market Behavior', Journal of Political Economy, LXX (2), April, 111-37 -- Vernon L. Smith (1964), 'Effect of Market Organization on Competitive Equilibrium', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXVIII (2), May, 181-201 -- Vernon L. Smith (1965), 'Experimental Auction Markets and the Walrasian Hypothesis', Journal of Political Economy, 73 (4), August, 387-93 -- Vernon L. Smith (1976), 'Experimental Economics: Induced Value Theory', American Economic Review, 66 (2), May, 274-9 -- Vernon L. Smith (1980), 'Experiments with a Decentralized Mechanism for Public Good Decisions', American Economic Review, 70 (4), September, 584-99 -- Vernon L. Smith (1982), 'Microeconomic Systems as an Experimental Science', American Economic Review, 72 (5), December, 923-55
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Blaug, Mark (ed.) (1999), Who's Who in Economics, 3rd edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Blaug, Mark and Howard R. Vane (eds) (2003), Who's Who in Economics, 4th edn, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- Lindbeck, Assar (1985), 'The Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel', Journal of Economic Literature, 23, March, pp. 37-56. -- Lindbeck, Assar (2001), 'The Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969-2000', in A.W. Levinovitz and N. Ringertz (eds), The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years, London: Imperial College Press and World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 197-220. -- Nobel Foundation (2010), Official Web Site, www.nobelprize.org. -- Vane, Howard R. and Chris Mulhearn (2005), The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to Their Careers and Main Published Works, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. -- James M. Buchanan (1949), 'The Pure Theory of Government Finance: A Suggested Approach', Journal of Political Economy, 57 (6), December, 496-505 -- James M. Buchanan (1954a), 'Social Choice, Democracy, and Free Markets', Journal of Political Economy, 62 (2), April, 114-23 -- James M. Buchanan (1954b), 'Individual Choice in Voting and the Market', Journal of Political Economy, 62 (4), August, 334-43 -- James M. Buchanan (1959), 'Positive Economics, Welfare Economics, and Political Economy', Journal of Law and Economics, 2, October, 124-38 -- James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock (1962), 'A Generalized Economic Theory of Constitutions', in The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy, Chapter 6, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 63-84, 346 -- James M. Buchanan (1987), 'The Constitution of Economic Policy', American Economic Review, 77 (3), June, 243-50 -- Gary S. Becker (1962), 'Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis', Journal of Political Economy, LXX (5, Part 2), October, 9-49 -- Gary S. Becker (1965), 'A Theory of the Allocation of Time', Economic Journal, 75 (299), September, 493-517 -- Gary S. Becker (1968), 'Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach', Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2), March/April, 169-217 -- Gary S. Becker (1974), 'A Theory of Social Interactions', Journal of Political Economy, 82 (6), November/December, 1063-93 -- Gary S. Becker (1983), 'A Theory of Competition Among Pressure Groups for Political Influence', Quarterly Journal of Economics, XCVIII (3), August, 371-400 -- Gary S. Becker and Kevin M. Murphy (1988), 'A Theory of Rational Addiction', Journal of Political Economy, 96 (4), August, 675-700 -- Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1973), 'Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability', Cognitive Psychology, 5 (2), September, 207-32
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781781000984
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 245 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic crisis and European integration
    DDC: 337.1/4
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: 1994-2010 ; Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Global Governance ; Europäische Integration ; Globalisierung ; EU-Staaten ; Convergence (Economics) ; Financial crises ; Financial crises ; Electronic books ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 1989- ; Europe Economic integration ; Europe, Central Economic conditions 1989- ; Convergence (Economics) ; Europe ; Financial crises ; Europe, Central ; Financial crises ; Europe, Eastern ; Europe ; Economic integration ; Europe, Central ; Economic conditions ; 1989- ; Europe, Eastern ; Economic conditions ; 1989- ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Konferenzschrift ; Europa ; Wirtschaftliche Integration
    Abstract: This unique and fascinating book illustrates that the 'credit crunch' and the ensuing financial and economic crisis of 2007-2009 did not only strike hard at the economy in the Western world, but also at its policymakers, at economics as a scientific discipline and, more specifically, at the process of European integration itself
    Abstract: What kind of governance for the Eurozone? / Paul De Grauwe -- EMU, political union and economic performance : lessons from the stability and growth pact and the Lisbon strategy / Demosthenes Ioannou and Martin Heipertz -- Sustainability of government debt in the EMU / Arjan M. Lejour, Jasper Lukkezen and Paul Veenendaal -- Economic crises and regional convergence in the EU : an exploration of facts, theories and policy implications / Nicola D. Coniglio and Francesco Prota -- Do the European Union's bilateral investment treaties matter? The way forward after Lisbon / Selen Sarisoy Guerin -- The effects of the US economic and financial crises on Euro area convergence / Fabio C. Bagliano and Claudio Morana -- A Euro peg system as an alternative for the Chinese exchange rate regime? / Kang-Soek Lee -- Inflexibilities and trade imbalances : evidence from Europe / Helge Berger and Volker Nitsch. -- Global imbalance, excess liqidity and financial risk in China / Zongxin Qian -- How has the financial crisis affected the Eurozone accession outlook in Central and Eastern Europe? / John Lewis -- Portfolio and short-term capital inflows to the new and potential EU countries : patterns and determinants / Mara Pirovano, Jacques Vanneste and André Van Poeck -- Time-varying diversification benefits : the impact of capital market integration on European portfolio holdings / Alexandra Horobet and Sorin Dumitrescu
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264097766
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Help Wanted?; Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Au moment où l’espérance de vie approche des 80 ans pour les hommes et dépasse nettement cet âge pour les femmes, la population est de plus en plus nombreuse à vouloir vivre pleinement aussi longtemps que possible. Comment l’évolution démographique et les tendances du marché du travail vont-elles peser sur l’offre familiale, amicale et des travailleurs susceptibles d’assumer une prise en charge ? Les finances publiques seront-elles menacées par le coût de la prise en charge future de la dépendance ? Quel équilibre doit-on rechercher entre implication privée et soutien public de cette prise en charge des soins liés à la dépendance ? Ce livre traite de ces enjeux et autres questions importantes.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264118263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Intellectual assets and innovation
    Keywords: Immaterielle Werte ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Innovationsmanagement ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Innovation
    Abstract: Intellectual Property Rights can be instrumental for SMEs to protect and build on their innovations; position themselves competitively vis-à-vis larger enterprises in global markets; gain access to revenues; signal current and prospective value to investors, competitors and partners; access knowledge markets and networks; open up new commercial pathways; or segment existing markets. However, while there is increasing recognition of their significance, as well as the need for appropriate intellectual asset management for SMEs across OECD countries, there are few regulatory frameworks or specific instruments directed to SMEs. This is in part due the pace of technological innovation, which often exceeds the time it takes for policy makers to create appropriate responses to the changing landscape of intellectual property. This study explores the relations between SME intellectual asset management, innovation and competitiveness in different national and sectoral contexts. It provides insights on the ability of SMEs to access and utilise the protection systems available to them and identifies key challenges for SMEs in appropriating full value from IPRs. It also investigates effectiveness of regulatory frameworks and policy measures to support SME access to IPRs, identifying best practices and proposing policy recommendations
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264115668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Business innovation policies
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This study is concerned with trends in and key features of policies and programmes used by governments to support innovation in the business sector. In addition to identifying good practices across a range of programme types, it compares business innovation policies across several countries, with a particular focus on Canada.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurer le bien-être des familles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Doing Better for Families; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Doing better for families
    DDC: 361.61021
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Familienpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Familienhilfe
    Abstract: All OECD governments want to give parents more choice in their work and family decisions. This book looks at the different ways in which governments support families. It seeks to provide answers to questions like: Is spending on family benefits going up, and how does it vary by the age of the child? Has the crisis affected public support for families? What is the best way of helping adults to have the number of children they desire? What are the effects of parental leave programmes on female labour supply and on child well-being? Are childcare costs a barrier to parental employment and can flexible workplace options help? What is the best time for mothers to go back to work after childbirth? And what are the best policies to reduce poverty among sole parents?
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264167216
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Schweden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Anwerbung
    Abstract: Sweden reformed its labour migration management policy in 2008 and now has one of the most liberal labour migration regimes in the OECD. This book attempts to answer the question of whether Sweden’s labour migration policy is efficiently working to meet labour market needs that were not being met, without adversely affecting the domestic labour market. The review also examines the impact of the reform on labour migration flows to Sweden and on access to recruitment from abroad by Swedish employers. After the reform, employers in Sweden were able to recruit workers from abroad for any occupation, as long as the job had been advertised for a nominal period and the prevailing collective bargaining wage and contractual conditions were respected. Overall, Sweden’s new system has not led to a boom in labour migration, although this somewhat surprising result may be related to the slack labour market. The faith in employers appears to be largely justified until now, although there are some vulnerabilities in the system which could be addressed, especially in monitoring workplaces not covered by collective bargaining, and marginal businesses. The particularities of the relatively highly regulated labour market in Sweden may mean that this model is not easily transferable to other countries, but lessons can be drawn for other countries.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264122314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health reform
    DDC: 362.1/042
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsreform ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Morbidität ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Gesundheitswesen ; Reform ; Morbidität
    Abstract: When the OECD was founded in 1961, health systems were gearing themselves up to deliver acute care interventions. Sick people were to be cured in hospitals, then sent on their way again. Medical training was focused on hospitals; innovation was to develop new interventions; payment systems were centred around single episodes of care. Health systems have delivered big improvements in health since then, but they can be slow to adapt to new challenges. In particular, these days, the overwhelming burden of disease is chronic, for which ‘cure’ is out of our reach. Health policies have changed to some extent in response, though perhaps not enough. But the challenge of the future is that the typical recipient of health care will be aged and will have multiple morbidities. This book examines how payment systems, innovation policies and human resource policies need to be modernised so that OECD health systems will continue to generate improved health outcomes in the future at a sustainable cost.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264123564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Starting Strong
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Kind ; Unterricht ; Lernen ; Kinderbetreuung
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) can bring a wide range of benefits – for children, parents and society at large. However, these benefits are conditional on “quality”. Expanding access to services without attention to quality will not deliver good outcomes for children or long-term productivity benefits for society. This new publication focuses on quality issues: it aims to define quality and outlines five policy levers that can enhance it in ECEC. In addition, it provides busy policy makers with practical tools such as research briefs, international comparisons, country examples, self-reflection sheets, etc. in order to successfully implement these policy levers.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264094925
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health Care Systems; Efficiency and Policy Settings
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health Care Systems: Efficiency and Policy Settings
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L’état de santé de la population des pays de l’OCDE n’a cessé de s’améliorer comme l’indiquent l’allongement de l’espérance de vie et la hausse des taux de survie pour certaines maladies comme le cancer. Néanmoins, les dépenses de santé s’élèvent à présent à plus de 9 % du PIB en moyenne dans l’OCDE. Dès lors, améliorer l’efficacité-coût dans le secteur de la santé est un objectif important pour tous les pays de l’OCDE. Ce livre offre une vision approfondie des systèmes de santé dans les pays de l’OCDE. Quel est l’état de santé de la population ? Comment évaluer la contribution des dépenses de santé ? Comment mesurer l’efficacité des systèmes de santé ? Comment les politiques et institutions de la santé affectent-elles la performance des dépenses de santé ? Ce livre offre des réponses à ces questions. Les chapitres décrivent : l’évolution récente des résultats et des dépenses ; les approches pour mesurer l’efficacité ; les nouveaux indicateurs de politiques et institutions de la santé ; les caractéristiques et performances des systèmes de santé.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264089921
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Banking Statistics; Methodological Country Notes 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Banking Statistics: Methodological Country Notes 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Les tendances de la rentabilité des banques et les facteurs agissant sur elle sont des indicateurs importants de l’état de santé des systèmes bancaires nationaux. Le présent ouvrage complète la publication Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE: Comptes des banques 2010, fournissent aux spécialistes un instrument sans équivalent pour analyser l’évolution de la rentabilité des banques dans les pays membres de l'OCDE. Outre des informations sur les comptes des banques des pays membres de l'OCDE, elles comprennent des données sur le nombre de banques, leurs filiales et leur personnel, des informations structurelles sur l’ensemble du secteur financier et des ratios visant à faciliter l'analyse de la rentabilité des banques des pays de l'OCDE. Les notes méthodologiques par pays, incluses dans ce volume, ont été préparées afin de faciliter la compréhension et l'interprétation des statistiques ainsi que dans le but de fournir une description succincte des activités des banques dans chacun des pays.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264094840
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Value in Health Care; Measuring Quality
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Value in Health Care: Measuring Quality
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Le taux de survie au cancer du sein est-il plus élevé aux États-Unis qu’au Royaume-Uni et qu’en France ? Un patient risque-t-il moins de mourir dans un délai de 30 jours après son hospitalisation à la suite d’une crise cardiaque au Canada qu’en Corée ? Les chirurgiens de certains pays sont-ils plus susceptibles de laisser des « corps étrangers » dans le corps des opérés ou de provoquer accidentellement des perforations ou des lacérations lorsqu’ils accomplissent un acte chirurgical ? La nécessité de répondre à ce type de questions et l’intérêt d’évaluer la qualité des soins de santé figurent au nombre des aspects abordés dans la présente publication. Dans bien des cas, les politiques de santé dépendent de notre capacité d’évaluer précisément la qualité des soins. Les pouvoirs publics veulent appliquer une approche davantage « axée sur le patient », améliorer la coordination des soins et assurer une rémunération plus élevée aux prestataires qui offrent une meilleure qualité de soins. Cela étant, mesurer la qualité des soins de santé n’est pas sans poser de difficultés. Certains problèmes ont pu être surmontés grâce au projet de l’OCDE sur les indicateurs de qualité des soins de santé mais un grand nombre subsistent. Si les décideurs veulent véritablement disposer de meilleures données sur la qualité des soins, ils doivent améliorer leurs systèmes d’information sur la santé. La présente publication décrit les indicateurs de qualité comparables au plan international qui sont actuellement disponibles et la façon d’établir un lien entre ces indicateurs et l’application de mesures en faveur de la qualité telles que l’agrément, la formulation de recommandations de bonnes pratiques médicales, la rémunération selon la performance, et la mise en œuvre de programmes nationaux de sécurité et de systèmes d’information sur la qualité.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264089907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE ; Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statistiques bancaires de l'OCDE : Notes méthodologiques par pays 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication complements Banking Statistics: Financial Statements of Banks 2010 which provides a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in OECD countries. In addition to information on financial statements of banks in OECD countries, it includes data on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff, structural information on the whole financial sector and ratios aiming at facilitating the analysis of bank profitability of OECD countries. The methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264113565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Space applications have become an important part of everyday life. Weather forecasting, air traffic control, global communications and broadcasting, disaster management -- these and many other key activities would be almost unthinkable today without satellite technology. The space industry itself is relatively small compared to other manufacturing sectors, but its technological dynamism and strategic significance mean that it plays an ever more critical role in modern society. This book assembles information on the space economy from a wide range of official and non-official sources. Together these paint a richly detailed picture of the space industry, its downstream services activities, and its wider economic and social impacts. Who are the main space-faring nations? How large are revenues and how much employment is there in the sector? How much R&D goes on, and where? What is the value of spin-offs from space spending? Answers to these and other questions are provided in this second OECD statistical overview of the emerging space economy. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for graphs, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264099623
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Naturalisation; A Passport for the Better Integration of Immigrants?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Naturalisation: A Passport for the Better Integration of Immigrants?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Principales conclusions Chapitre 1. Nationalité et intégration socio-économique des immigrés et de leurs enfants : Vue d’ensemble dans les pays de l’Union européenne et de l’OCDE Chapitre 2. L’état actuel du droit de la nationalité Chapitre 3. Impact des naturalisations sur le devenir professionnel en Suède Chapitre 4. L’acquisition de la nationalité française et son impact sur l’emploi des immigrés Chapitre 5. L’impact de la naturalisation sur l’intégration des immigrés sur le marché du travail en Allemagne et en Suisse Chapitre 6. La naturalisation des immigrés au Canada et aux États-Unis : Déterminants et avantages économiques Chapitre 7. Les résultats sur le plan professionnel des citoyens naturalisés en Norvège Chapitre 8. Cohésion sociale et naturalisation des immigrés d’Europe de l’Ouest Chapitre 9. Naturalisation et intégration dans la société Chapitre 10. Intégration et accès à la nationalité dans les pays membres de l’Union européenne Chapitre 11. Naturalisation et promotion de l’intégration sociale des immigrants au Québec Chapitre 12. L’interaction des politiques en Belgique Chapitre 13. Immigration économique et naturalisation au Royaume-Uni : Cadre juridique Chapitre 14. La citoyenneté en Australie Chapitre 15. De l’assistance à l’exigence d’intégration : Les critères de sélection des immigrés aux Pays-Bas A lire également Perspectives des migrations internationals : SOPEMI 2011 (à paraître) Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 1): Labour Market Integration in Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden (2007, disponible uniquement en anglais) Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2): Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal (2008, disponible uniquement en anglais)
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264087101
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation; Methodology for Assessment and Implementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation: Methodology for Assessment and Implementation
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les pensions professionnelles jouent un rôle déterminant dans les pays de l’OCDE et dans les autres régions du monde, car elles complètent les revenus des retraités provenant de sources publiques. Fin 2009, l’épargne-retraite privée se chiffrait à 25 000 milliards USD. Le vieillissement de la population a amené de nombreux pays de l’OCDE à entreprendre un large éventail de réformes des retraites – qui ont eu pour effet, dans l’ensemble, de réduire les engagements des États en matière de retraite publique et donc de donner davantage d’importance à l’épargne-retraite privée. Les Principes fondamentaux portent sur sept domaines essentiels : i) les conditions d’une réglementation et d’un contrôle efficaces ; ii) la constitution des plans de retraite, des fonds de pension et des sociétés de gestion de fonds de pension ; iii) les engagements au titre des plans de retraite, les règles relatives à la capitalisation, la liquidation et l’assurance ; iv) la gestion des actifs ; v) les droits des participants et des bénéficiaires et l’adéquation des prestations ; vi) la gouvernance ; et vii) le contrôle. Chacun comprend un énoncé du principe et un ensemble de lignes directrices d’application. Les lignes directrices correspondant au principe fondamental consacré au contrôle, intègrent les Principes de l’Organisation Internationale des Autorités de Contrôle des Pensions relatifs au contrôle des pensions privées. La Méthodologie propose une approche structurée afin d’évaluer la conformité de la réglementation des pensions professionnelles d’une juridiction aux Principes fondamentaux de réglementation des pensions professionnelles.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264113541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society is a compilation of concepts, definitions, classifications and methods for information society measurement and analysis.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264128392
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Peru
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Peru, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations and identifies good practices on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264113299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This lavishly illustrated book tells the story of the development of the OECD from the founding of its predecessor organisation, the OEEC after World War II, to the transformation into the OECD in 1960, and its evolution since that time. Covering the stewardship of 6 Secretaries-General over a period of 50 years, the book describes what OECD does and how it does it. An interesting chapter on a Day in the Life of a Chateau, tracks a typical day for a variety of OECD staffers, illustrating the breadth and variety of what people do at the OECD.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201675
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the Better Policies series tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of member and partner countries, focusing on how governments can make reform happen.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Spain
    Abstract: Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the Better Policies series tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of member and partner countries, focusing on how governments can make reform happen.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264113138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Russian Federation offers a comprehensive assessement of the innovation system of the Russian Federation, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies. It also identifies good practice from which other countries can learn.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264099104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La naturalisation; un passeport pour une meilleure intégration des immigrés ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La naturalisation: un passeport pour une meilleure intégration des immigrés ?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This conference proceedings provides the papers presented at the OECD/European Commission joint seminar on Naturalisation and the Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants and their Children held in October 2010 in Brussels. It takes stock of the current knowledge regarding the links between host-country nationality and socio-economic integration of immigrants and their children, building on novel evidence on this issue. It also discusses the role of naturalisation as a tool in the overall framework for immigration and integration policy, with the aim of identifying good practices.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264096233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic diversification in Africa
    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Afrika ; Angola ; Benin ; Kenia ; Südafrika ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Afrika ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This study provides an empirical review of the role of governments, the private sector, regional economic institutions and the broader international community in driving economic diversification. Individual case studies of five African economies describe both the catalysts of and barriers to diversification. The study is published jointly by the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (UN-OSAA) and the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset presents OECD quarterly national accounts (QNA) statistics collected from all the OECD member countries and some major economies. It contains a wide selection of mainly seasonally adjusted quarterly series such as gross domestic product (GDP) expenditure and output approaches, GDP income approach, gross fixed capital formation, disposable income and real disposable income components, saving and net lending, population and employment, employment by industry, compensation of employees, household final consumption expenditure by durability. Data are expressed in millions of national currency, millions of US dollars and other measures and starting from 1946 when available.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264126398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gagnon, Jason Tackling the policy challenges of migration
    DDC: 325
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmigranten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This book contributes to the current debate on migration policy, focusing on three main elements in the standard migration policy dialogue: the regulation of flows, the integration of immigrants and the impact of labour mobility on development. In particular it argues that the current governance of international migration is both insufficient and inefficient. Restrictive and non-cooperative migration policies not only affect development in sending countries but also have counterproductive effects in the countries that implement them. Likewise, the lack of integration policies generates costs for society. In this respect, the book focuses on South-South migration and highlights the specific risks of neglecting integration in developing countries. It also analyses the effects of emigration on origin-country labour markets and underlines the externalities of immigration policies in migrant-sending countries. The book explores the feasibility of implementing a coherent governance framework centred on three complementary objectives: i) a more flexible regulation of international migration flows; ii) a better integration of immigrants in developing countries; and iii) a higher impact of labour mobility on development.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset presents OECD quarterly national accounts (QNA) statistics collected from all the OECD member countries and some major economies. It contains a wide selection of mainly seasonally adjusted quarterly series such as gross domestic product (GDP) expenditure and output approaches, GDP income approach, gross fixed capital formation, disposable income and real disposable income components, saving and net lending, population and employment, employment by industry, compensation of employees, household final consumption expenditure by durability. Data are expressed in millions of national currency, millions of US dollars and other measures and starting from 1946 when available.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset presents OECD quarterly national accounts (QNA) statistics collected from all the OECD member countries and some major economies. It contains a wide selection of mainly seasonally adjusted quarterly series such as gross domestic product (GDP) expenditure and output approaches, GDP income approach, gross fixed capital formation, disposable income and real disposable income components, saving and net lending, population and employment, employment by industry, compensation of employees, household final consumption expenditure by durability. Data are expressed in millions of national currency, millions of US dollars and other measures and starting from 1946 when available.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset presents OECD quarterly national accounts (QNA) statistics collected from all the OECD member countries and some major economies. It contains a wide selection of mainly seasonally adjusted quarterly series such as gross domestic product (GDP) expenditure and output approaches, GDP income approach, gross fixed capital formation, disposable income and real disposable income components, saving and net lending, population and employment, employment by industry, compensation of employees, household final consumption expenditure by durability. Data are expressed in millions of national currency, millions of US dollars and other measures and starting from 1946 when available.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Panorama des comptes nationaux (Édition 2011)
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les comptes nationaux
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe National Accounts at a Glance (Edition 2011)
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264116016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (522 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A system of health accounts 2011
    DDC: 338.4/73621
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Health accounts ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD-Staaten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitskosten
    Abstract: A System of Health Accounts 2011 provides a systematic description of the financial flows related to the consumption of health care goods and services. As demands for information increase and more countries implement and institutionalise health accounts according to the system, the data produced are expected to be more comparable, more detailed and more policy relevant. This new edition builds on the original OECD Manual, published in 2000, and the Guide to Producing National Health Accounts to create a single global framework for producing health expenditure accounts that can help track resource flows from sources to uses. The Manual is the result of a four-year collaborative effort between the OECD, WHO and the European Commission, and sets out in more detail the boundaries, the definitions and the concepts – responding to health care systems around the globe – from the simplest to the more complicated.
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  • 56
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Forum International des Transports 2011-3
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/03
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. Better economic regulation
    Keywords: Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Good Governance ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Des services de transport de qualité apportent beaucoup à la productivité d’une économie et élargissent l’éventail des activités accessibles aux consommateurs. Ils requièrent des infrastructures adéquates et des conditions raisonnables d’utilisation de ces infrastructures. Beaucoup d’infrastructures de transport sont lourdes et présentent une intensité capitalistique élevée, ce qui a pour effet de limiter le nombre de prestataires de services. La structure des coûts et la technologie sont parfois telles que la réglementation économique est le meilleur moyen d’optimiser les résultats. La mise en place des structures de gouvernance appropriées – qui consiste notamment à déterminer quand et comment réglementer – est capitale pour les performances du secteur. Elle fait l’objet du présent document qui fait la synthèse des débats menés au cours de la Table Ronde1 de décembre 2010.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 89 (Édition 2011/1)
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; China, People’s Republic ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Euro Area ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook analyses the major economic trends over the coming 2 to 3 years as well as market forecasts and projections. It provides in-depth coverage of the main economic issues and the policy measures required to foster growth in each member country. Forthcoming developments in major non-OECD economies are also evaluated in detail. This database is a comprehensive and consistent macroeconomic database of the OECD economies, covering expenditures, foreign trade, output, labour markets, interest and exchange rates, balance of payments, and government debt. For the non-OECD regions, foreign trade and current account series are available. It also comprises statistics on demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.The No 89 version of the Economic Outlook covers data from 1960 until 2012 with revised statistics for 2010-11.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 90 (Édition 2011/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook analyses the major economic trends over the coming 2 to 3 years as well as market forecasts and projections. It provides in-depth coverage of the main economic issues and the policy measures required to foster growth in each member country. Forthcoming developments in major non-OECD economies are also evaluated in detail. This database is a comprehensive and consistent macroeconomic database of the OECD economies, covering expenditures, foreign trade, output, labour markets, interest and exchange rates, balance of payments, and government debt. For the non-OECD regions, foreign trade and current account series are available. It also comprises statistics on demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials. Economic Outlook No. 90 covers data from 1960 until 2013.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PPA année de référence 2011 (Édition 2013)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset comprises statistics on PPP benchmarks (Purchasing Power Parity) programme for the 46 countries that participated in the 2005, 2008 and 2011 round and for the countries that participated in the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Comparison Programme for 2005, 2008 and 2011. It includes a wide set of categories such as net exports, final consumption, capital goods, GDP, health and more. Data are for this specific set pertains to year 2011.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 89 (Edition 2011/1)
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; China, People’s Republic ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Euro Area ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Russian Federation ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les comptes nationaux
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PPP benchmark results 2011 (Edition 2013)
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264086920
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Sustainability Impact Assessment
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document constitue une introduction générale aux études d'impact sur la durabilité (EID). Cette méthode permet d'évaluer les incidences économiques, environnementales et sociales combinées d'un éventail de politiques, programmes, stratégies et plans d'action. Ces évaluations peuvent aussi faciliter la prise de décision et la planification stratégique tout au long du cycle des politiques publiques.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264091269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La littératie, un atout pour la vie ; Version préliminaire; Nouveaux résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La littératie, un atout pour la vie : Version préliminaire: Nouveaux résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Literacy for Life is the second report from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. It presents additional results on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the medium term. It offers new insights into the factors that influence the formation of adult skills in various settings – at home and at work – for the eleven countries participating in the first and last round of data collection between 2003 and 2008. The study offers comparative evidence on the impact of various factors on the supply of skill. The study offers a special focus on numeracy skills and problem solving skills. It explores the relationships between numeracy and key socio-demographic factors as well as labour market outcomes and earnings. It highlights the importance of problem solving skills by defining this foundational skill and by exploring its determinants as well as its relative role in influencing important labour market outcomes. The report offers also an analysis of performance across multiple skill domains. It investigates the skill profiles of various population groups defined in terms of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of those who score at levels deemed to be low in one or more skill domains and explores the resulting consequences. The report concludes by investigating the issue of skill mismatch in the labour market and its relationship to adult learning. The extent and distribution of mismatch between the day-to-day literacy related requirements of workers and the literacy skills they have obtained is an important issue that is being explored in this study.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264120938
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Health Systems; Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Switzerland 2011
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Cinq ans après le premier examen du système de santé suisse, l’OCDE et l’OMS ont de nouveau associé leur expertise afin de faire un rapport sur les progrès réalisés et sur l'état d'avancement de la mise en œuvre des réformes du système de santé suisse. En plus de faire le bilan du bon fonctionnement global du système de santé suisse, les deux organisations proposent des mesures concrètes pour aider le système à améliorer son efficacité et à se préparer pour les besoins futurs en soins de santé de la population suisse. Ce rapport se focalise sur trois points principaux : le marché des assurances santé, la planification du personnel de santé et la gestion et la gouvernance du système de santé.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264091283
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (315 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Literacy for Life; Further Results from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La littératie, un atout pour la vie est le deuxième rapport de l’Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes. Il présente des résultats supplémentaires sur la nature et l’ampleur des écarts en littératie qui existent dans les pays de l’OCDE et sur l’évolution à moyen terme de ces écarts. Il jette un nouvel éclairage sur les facteurs qui influencent l’acquisition des compétences des adultes dans divers contextes – à la maison et au travail – dans les onze pays ayant participé au premier et au dernier cycles de collecte de données entre 2003 et 2008. L’étude présente des données comparatives quant à l’incidence de divers facteurs sur l’offre de compétences. Elle ménage une place de choix aux compétences en numératie et en résolution de problèmes, et explore les liens entre la numératie et les facteurs sociodémographiques clés ainsi que les résultats sur le marché du travail et les gains. L’étude met en lumière l’importance de la résolution de problèmes en définissant cette compétence de base et en explorant ses facteurs déterminants ainsi que son influence relative sur les résultats importants sur le marché du travail. Le rapport présente aussi une analyse du rendement dans plusieurs domaines de compétence. Il examine les profils de compétences de divers groupes de population définis en fonction des caractéristiques démographiques et socioéconomiques des personnes dont les résultats sont jugés faibles dans un ou plusieurs domaines de compétence et explore les conséquences qui en résultent. Enfin, le rapport examine la disparité des compétences sur le marché du travail et son lien avec l’apprentissage des adultes. L’ampleur et la répartition de la disparité entre les exigences courantes en matière de littératie et les compétences en littératie des travailleurs constituent un enjeu important qui est abordé dans cette étude.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 90 (Edition 2011/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Demand-side innovation policies
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Innovationsförderung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Effektivität ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Beispiel ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Erde
    Abstract: Demand-side innovation policies have been receiving increasing interest from a number of OECD countries in recent years in the context of slow growth and lagging productivity performance. Pressures on fiscal budgets in the aftermath of the financial crisis have also motivated governments to seek ways to boost innovation without necessarily engaging in new programme spending, primarily to meet social demands in areas such as health, energy or the environment. This book examines dynamics between demand and innovation and provides insights into the rationale and scope for public policies to foster demand for innovation. It shows the potential - but also the limits - of using public procurement, regulations or standards to stimulate public and private demand for innovation, including among SMEs. Drawing on country experience and case studies, this report illustrates good practices for designing, implementing and evaluating demand-side innovation policies.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264120914
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé; Suisse 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health systems
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Krankenversicherung ; Gesundheitsberufe ; Gesundheitsreform ; Schweiz ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; Krankenversicherung ; Gesundheitswesen ; Reform
    Abstract: Five years after the first Review of Switzerland’s health system, the OECD and the World Organization combined their expertise again to report on progress and implementation of health reforms in the Swiss health system. In addition to taking stock of the good overall performance of the Swiss health system, the two organizations propose concrete ways to help the system be more efficient and prepare for the future health needs of the Swiss population. The report focuses on three important issues: health insurance markets, health workforce planning and management and governance of the health system.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098794
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Doing Better for Families
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Doing Better for Families; (Korean version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Tous les gouvernements des pays de l’OCDE veulent donner aux parents une plus grande liberté de choix dans leurs décisions professionnelles et familiales. Ce recueil analyse les différentes formes d’aides publiques aux familles. Il cherche à répondre aux questions suivantes : les prestations au titre de la famille sont-elles en progression et comment évoluent-elles selon l’âge de l’enfant ? La crise a-t-elle eu une incidence sur les aides publiques aux familles ? Quelle est la meilleure façon d’aider les adultes à avoir le nombre d’enfants qu’ils souhaitent? Quels sont les effets des dispositifs de congé parental sur l’offre de main d’oeuvre féminine et sur le bien-être des enfants ? Les frais de garde d’enfants sont-ils un frein à l’emploi parental et comment la flexibilité au travail peut-elle le favoriser ? Pour les mères quel est le meilleur moment pour reprendre le travail après la naissance d’un enfant ? Enfin, quelles sont les mesures les plus adaptées pour réduire la pauvreté des familles monoparentales ?
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Box, Sarah Skills for innovation and research
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Innovation ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Innovation holds the key to ongoing improvements in living standards, as well as to solving pressing social challenges. Skilled people play a crucial role in innovation through the new knowledge they generate, how they adopt and develop existing ideas, and through their ability to learn new competencies and adapt to a changing environment. This book seeks to increase understanding of the links between skills and innovation. It explores the wide range of skills required, ranging from technical to "soft", and the ability to learn; it presents data and evidence on countries' stocks and flows of skills and the links between skill inputs and innovation outputs. Given the importance of meeting the demands of knowledge-based economic activity, the book investigates the issues of skill supply, education, workplace training and work organisation. It highlights the importance of enabling individuals to acquire appropriate skills and of optimising these at work.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264097759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Besoin d'aide ? ; La prestation de services et le financement de la dépendance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Help wanted?
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ältere Menschen ; Häusliche Pflege ; Pflegeversicherung ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finanzierung ; Krankenpflege ; Langzeitbetreuung ; Private Krankenversicherung
    Abstract: This book examines the challenges countries are facing with regard to providing and paying for long-term care. With populations ageing and the need for long-term care growing rapidly, this book looks at such issues as: future demographic trends, policies to support family carers, long-term care workers, financing arrangements, long-term care insurance, and getting better value for money in long-term care. “WHO recognizes that long-term care represents a major challenge for all countries in the world, with important implications for economic development and for the health and well-being of older people. This well-documented book provides a comparative analysis of the common challenges and diverse solutions OECD countries are adopting to respond to the growing demand for long-term care services, and particularly its implications for financing and labour markets. It provides much needed evidence to guide policy makers and individuals.” -Dr John Beard, Director, Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization “This carefully researched book offers invaluable data and insights into the organization and financing of long-term care in OECD countries. The book is an indispensable resource for anyone interested in international long-term care”. -Dr. Joshua M. Wiener, Distinguished Fellow and Program Director of RTI’s Aging, Disability, and Long-Term Care Program, United States
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fostering innovation for green growth
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Umweltschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Innovation is key to green growth. It helps decouple growth from natural capital depletion and contributes to economic growth and job creation. Business is the driver of innovation, but governments need to provide clear and stable market signals, e.g. through carbon pricing. This book explores policy actions for the deployment of new technologies and innovations as they emerge: investment in research and development, support for commercialisation, strengthening markets and fostering technology diffusion. Competition will be essential to bring out the best solutions.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264118720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies; Russian Federation 2011; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Russian Federation 2011: (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of labour market and social policies
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktsegmentation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Russland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Russian Federation ; Russland ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktsegmentierung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: The global financial crisis interrupted a protracted period of strong economic growth in the Russian Federation. Despite a large decline in output, job losses and hikes in unemployment remained rather modest, and much of the labour market adjustment took place through reduced working hours and, in particular, real wages. Notwithstanding the recent recovery, the Russian labour market remains characterised by significant structural imbalances resulting in widespread segmentation and large earnings inequalities. To improve the balance between labour market flexibility and the protection of workers, the Russian Federation needs to reinforce its labour market institutions.Poverty and income inequalities remain well above the OECD average. Family policy is focused on increasing birth rates, but is ineffective in reducing poverty as working adults and children make up 60% of the poor. Instead, social policy is focused on the elderly and disabled, and in recent years there has been significant increases in transfer payments to pensioners. Recent reform is likely to “eradicate” poverty among pensioners, as measured by official benchmarks, but raises questions about the long-term financial sustainability of the private pensions system. Rapid population ageing further contributes to the need to raise the low standard pensionable ages in Russia and limit access to early pensions. The challenge for Russia will be to rebalance its social policy towards more effective support for parents to combine work and family life.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264079489 , 9789264107168
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Crisis to Recovery; The Causes, Course and Consequences of the Great Recession
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Crisis to Recovery: The Causes, Course and Consequences of the Great Recession
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Rezession ; Konjunkturaufschwung
    Abstract: Nous traversons le ralentissement économique mondial le plus marqué depuis plus de six décennies. Comment est-il survenu ? Et comment rendre la reprise durable ? De la crise à la reprise retrace les causes, le déroulement et les conséquences de la « Grande Récession » : une accumulation rapide de liquidité, combinée à une réglementation défaillante, a entraîné une crise financière qui a rapidement gagné l’économie réelle, provoquant la destruction de nombreuses entreprises et un chômage sans précédent depuis des décennies. Si le pire de la crise semble à présent derrière nous, un retour rapide à une forte croissance paraît peu probable, et l’emploi ne retrouvera pas son niveau d’avant la crise avant plusieurs années. La dette publique et privée a atteint de tels niveaux que l’on peut s’attendre à une augmentation des compressions et de l’épargne, ce qui prolongera les effets de la crise dans les années à venir.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264114586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Recent global shocks, such as the 2008 financial crisis, have driven policy makers and industry strategists to re-examine how to prepare for and respond to events that can begin locally and propagate around the world with devastating effects on society and the economy. This report considers how the growing interconnectedness in the global economy could create the conditions and vectors for rapid and widespread disruptions. It looks at examples of hazards and threats that emerge from the financial world, cyberspace, biological systems and even the solar system, to reflect on what strategic capacities are called for to improve assessment, mapping, modelling, response and resilience to such large scale risks.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264115620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (237 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Invention et transfert de technologies environnementales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Invention and transfer of environmental technologies
    Keywords: Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Technologietransfer ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Umweltpolitik ; Umwelttechnik ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Technologiepolitik ; Technologietransfer
    Abstract: Inducing environmental innovation is a significant challenge to policy-makers. Efforts to design public policies that address these issues are motivated by the fact that innovations can allow for improved environmental quality at lower cost. However, the relationship between environmental policy and technological innovation remains an area in which empirical evidence is scant. Increased attention should be paid to the design characteristics of public policies that are likely to affect the ‘type’ of innovation induced. The work presented in this book is brought together in five substantive chapters: environmental policy design characteristics and their role in inducing innovation, the role of public policies (including multilateral agreements) in encouraging transfer of environmental technologies, followed by three ‘sectoral’ studies of innovation in alternative fuel vehicles, solid waste management and recycling, and green (sustainable) chemistry. While particular focus has been placed on the role of environmental policy in bringing about the innovation documented, it is recognised that other factors play a key role in inducing innovation which has positive environmental implications.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264114470
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making the most of public investment in a tight fiscal environment
    DDC: 336.3
    Keywords: Öffentliche Investition ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Investition ; Öffentliche Investition ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Mehrebenen-Verflechtung ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Öffentliche Investition ; Haushaltskontrolle ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: How to make the most of public investment? This question is critical in today’s tight fiscal environment. Given that sub-national governments in OECD countries carry out more than two thirds of total capital investment, they have played a key role in executing national stimulus packages during the global crisis. The effectiveness of recovery strategies based on public investment thus depends largely on the arrangements between levels of government to design and implement the investment mix. This report provides an overview of challenges met in the recovery and highlights good practices and lessons learned, focusing on eight country cases: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United States. As stimulus packages are being phased out since 2010, many countries have moved toward fiscal consolidation and targeted public investment as an adjustment variable. Co-ordination between levels of government was essential to implement recovery measures, and it is equally important to better prioritise reduced public investment and make the most of it for sustainable growth.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264126633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Future prospects for industrial biotechnology
    DDC: 338.476208
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The field of industrial biotechnology has moved rapidly in recent years as a combined result of international political desire, especially in the case of biofuels, and unprecedented progress in molecular biology research that has supplied the enabling technologies. Different geographical regions have different priorities, but common drivers are climate change mitigation and the desire for energy independence. Now, industrial biotechnology has reached the centre of scientific and political attention. At no time in the past has there been a more pressing need for coherent, evidence-based, proportionate regulations and policy measures; they are at the heart of responsible development of industrial biotechnology. This publication examines the international drivers, the enabling technologies that are fast-tracking Industrial Biotechnology, industry trends, some of the products that are appearing on the market, industry structure and finance, and finally policy measures and trends. It examines separately biofuels, biobased chemicals and bioplastics. It is quite clear that a supportive policy framework for the development of biofuels exists in many countries, but that no such framework is in place for biobased chemicals and bioplastics. This seems at odds with the apparent need for the integrated biorefinery, where chemicals and plastics production will significantly improve profitability when produced alongside transportation fuels.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264118706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als M-government
    DDC: 352.3/802854678
    Keywords: E-Government ; Mobilkommunikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; OECD ; E-Government ; Mobile Telekommunikation
    Abstract: This report aims to foster a better understanding on how to leverage the economic and social impacts of the implementation of the Internet into mobile devices to enable ubiquitous governments, sustain public sector innovation and transform public service delivery. The content of this report paves the way for the Report on Agile Government to be released by OECD in the Fall of 2011. The report is a joint-product of the collaboration of OECD with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public research institutions
    Keywords: Forschungseinrichtung ; Öffentliche Forschung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Staatliche Forschung ; Forschungsinstitut ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This publication provides new information on public research institutions (PRIs) and government strategies. Public research institutions are crucial for innovation due to their role in knowledge creation and diffusion. While absolute real expenditure on R&D in this sector has risen, it now accounts for a smaller share of total R&D spending by OECD countries and of OECD GDP. The targets and focus of many PRIs have evolved in recent years. Changing activities, new policy challenges and wider economic and political developments have driven change in missions and mandates and linkages have become focal points for many. Internationalisation has also increased and relationships are frequently collaborative. PRIs’ sources of income are diverse but funding has become increasingly competitive. Funding instruments need to balance short-and long-term goals to uphold research quality and ensure the sustainability of PRI activities.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264115644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The role of internet intermediaries in advancing public policy objectives
    DDC: 320.60285/4678
    Keywords: Digitale Dienste ; Entwicklung ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Internet ; Öffentliche Ordnung
    Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive view of Internet intermediaries, their economic and social function, development and prospects, benefits and costs, and roles and responsibilities. Divided into three parts, Part I, The Economic and Social Role of Internet Intermediaries, develops a common definition and understanding of what Internet intermediaries are, of their economic function and economic models, of recent market developments, and discusses the economic and social uses that these actors satisfy. Part II, The Role of Internet Intermediaries in Advancing Public Policy Objectives, examines the roles and responsibilities of Internet intermediaries in advancing public policy objectives, as well as the costs and benefits of their involvement through a series of case studies. Part III provides a summary of an experts workshop that identified lessons learned and best practices from the experience to date of Internet intermediaries in advancing public policy objectives.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781781000595
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 360 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Institutional and social dynamics of growth and distribution
    RVK:
    Keywords: Institutionenökonomik ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Einkommensverteilung ; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell ; Income distribution Mathematical models ; Income distribution ; Economic development ; Economic development Mathematical models ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Sozialer Wandel ; Politische Institution ; Einkommensverteilung ; Demographie
    Abstract: Institutional and Social Dynamics of Growth and Distribution presents a set of original contributions to the much-debated issues of long-run economic growth in relation to institutional and social progress
    Abstract: Institutions and the beginning of economic growth in eighteenth-century Britain -- The coevolution of institutions and preferences: history and theory -- Politics and income distribution -- Income distribution and the interaction between cycles and growth -- Market failures within poor institutions: the effects of bureaucrats' rent-seeking activity -- Government spending, effective demand, distribution and growth: a dynamic analysis -- The role of human capital in economic growth: evidence from Greek regions -- Adult longevity and economic take-off from Malthus to Ben-Porath -- Endogenous age structure in descriptive macroeconomic growth models: a general framework and some steady state analysis -- Bright and wealthy: exploring assortative mating -- Information networks and knowledge spillovers: simulations in an agent-based model framework -- Interaction between economic and social variables: the transformational growth matrix -- Financial fragility, mean-field interaction and macroeconomic dynamics: a stochastic model
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781785362248
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 451 p) , cm
    Series Statement: The pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics 9
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Simon S. Kuznets, Theodore W. Schultz, W. Arthur Lewis and Robert M. Solow
    Keywords: Kuznets, Simon Smith ; Schultz, Theodore William ; Lewis, William Arthur ; Solow, Robert M. ; Kuznets, Simon ; Lewis, W. Arthur ; Solow, Robert M ; Schultz, Theodore W ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Simon Kuznets (1933), 'National Income', in Edwin R.A. Seligman (ed) and Alvin Johnson (ed) (eds), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Volume Eleven: Morbidity-Parties, Political, New York, NY: Macmillan, 205-24 -- Simon Kuznets (1955), 'Economic Growth and Income Inequality', American Economic Review, XLV (1), March, 1-28 -- Simon Kuznets (1971), 'Level and Variability of Rates of Growth', in Economic Growth of Nations: Total Output and Production Structure, Chapter I, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1-50 -- Simon Kuznets (1973), 'Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections', American Economic Review, 63 (3), June, 247-58 -- Theodore W. Schultz (1950), 'Reflections on Poverty Within Agriculture', Journal of Political Economy, LVIII (1), February, 1-15 -- T.W. Schultz (1951), 'The Declining Economic Importance of Agricultural Land', Economic Journal, LXI (244), December, 725-40 -- Theodore W. Schultz (1961), 'Investment in Human Capital', American Economic Review, LI (1), March, 1-17 -- Theodore W. Schultz (1964), 'The Problem and Its Setting', in Transforming Traditional Agriculture, Chapter 1, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 3-23 -- Theodore W. Schultz (1975), 'The Value of the Ability to Deal with Disequilibria', Journal of Economic Literature, 13 (3), September, 827-46 -- Theodore W. Schultz (1980), 'Nobel Lecture: The Economics of Being Poor', Journal of Political Economy, 88 (4), August, 639-51 -- W. Arthur Lewis (1954), 'Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour', Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, XXII (2), May, 139-91 -- W. Arthur Lewis (1958), 'Unlimited Labour: Further Notes', Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, XXVI (1), January, 1-32 -- W. Arthur Lewis (1965), 'Richard T. Ely Lecture: A Review of Economic Development', American Economic Review, 55 (1-2), March, 1-16 -- W. Arthur Lewis (1980), 'The Slowing Down of the Engine of Growth', American Economic Review, 70 (4), September, 555-64 -- Robert M. Solow (1956), 'A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXX (1), February, 65-94 -- Robert M. Solow (1960), 'Investment and Technical Progress', in Kenneth J. Arrow (ed), Samuel Karlin (ed) and Patrick Suppes (ed) (eds), Mathematical Methods in Social Sciences, Chapter 7, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 89-104 -- Paul A. Samuelson and Robert M. Solow (1960), 'Problem of Achieving and Maintaining a Stable Price Level: Analytical Aspects of Anti-Inflation Policy', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 50 (2), May, 177-9 -- Alan S. Blinder and Robert M. Solow (1973), 'Does Fiscal Policy Matter?' Journal of Public Economics, 2 (4), November, 319-37 -- Robert M. Solow (1980), 'On Theories of Unemployment', American Economic Review, 70 (1), March, 1-11
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781785362279
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 393 p) , cm
    Series Statement: Pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics v. 10
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bertil G. Ohlin, James E. Meade and Robert A. Mundell
    Keywords: Ohlin, Bertil Gotthard ; Meade, James E. ; Mundell, Robert A. ; Meade, J. E ; Ohlin, Bertil ; Mundell, Robert A ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Bertil Ohlin (1937a), 'Some Notes on the Stockholm Theory of Savings and Investment I', Economic Journal, XLVII (185), March, 53-69 -- Bertil Ohlin (1937b), 'Some Notes on the Stockholm Theory of Savings and Investment II', Economic Journal, XLVII (186), June, 221-40 -- Bertil Ohlin (1991), 'The Theory of Trade', in Eli F. Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin, Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory, translated, edited and introduced by Harry Flam (ed) and M. June Flanders (ed), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 71, 73, 75-214 -- J.E. Meade (1948), 'National Income, National Expenditure and the Balance of Payments. Part I', Economic Journal, LVIII (232), December, 483-505 -- J.E. Meade (1949a), 'National Income, National Expenditure and the Balance of Payments - continued', Economic Journal, LIX (233), March, 17-39 -- J.E. Meade (1949b), 'A Geometrical Representation of Balance of Payments Policy', Economica, 16 (64), November, 305-20 -- J.E. Meade (1958), 'Is the National Debt a Burden?', Oxford Economic Papers, 10 (2), June, 163-83 -- James E. Meade (1978), 'The Meaning of "Internal Balance"', Economic Journal, 88 (351), September, 423-35 -- James E. Meade (1993), 'The Relation of Mr. Meade's Relations to Kahn's Multiplier', Economic Journal, 103 (418), May, 664-5 -- Robert A. Mundell (1957), 'International Trade and Factor Mobility', American Economic Review, 47 (3), June, 321-35 -- Robert A. Mundell (1961), 'A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas', American Economic Review, 51 (4), September, 657-65 -- Robert A. Mundell (1962), 'The Appropriate Use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy for Internal and External Stability', IMF Staff Papers, 9 (1), March, 70-77 -- R.A. Mundell (1963), 'Capital Mobility and Stabilization Policy Under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates', Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, XXIX (4), November, 475-85 -- Robert A. Mundell (1971), 'The Dollar and the Policy Mix: 1971', in Essays in International Finance, No. 85, Princeton, NJ: International Finance Section, Princeton University, May, 3-28 -- Robert A. Mundell (1973), 'A Plan for a European Currency', in Harry G. Johnson (ed) and Alexander K. Swoboda (ed) (eds), The Economics of Common Currencies, Chapter 9, London: George Allen & Unwin, 143-72
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781785362262
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 554 p) , cm
    Series Statement: The pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics 7
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als James Tobin, Franco Modigliani, Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott
    Keywords: Tobin, James ; Modigliani, Franco ; Kydland, Finn E. ; Prescott, Edward C. ; Tobin, James ; Kydland, Finn E ; Prescott, Edward C ; Modigliani, Franco ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Tobin, James 1918-2002 ; Modigliani, Franco 1918-2003 ; Kydland, Finn E. 1943- ; Prescott, Edward C. 1940-2022 ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Nobelpreisträger
    Abstract: Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1991), 'Hours and Employment Variation in Business Cycle Theory', Economic Theory, 1 (1), January, 63-81 -- David K. Backus, Patrick J. Kehoe and Finn E. Kydland (1992), 'International Real Business Cycles', Journal of Political Economy, 100 (4), August, 745-75 -- Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1996), 'The Computational Experiment: An Econometric Tool', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10 (1), Winter, 69-85
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): James Tobin (1955), 'A Dynamic Aggregative Model', Journal of Political Economy, 63 (2), April, 103-15 -- James Tobin (1956), 'The Interest-Elasticity of Transactions Demand for Cash', Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXVIII (3), August, 241-7 -- J. Tobin (1958), 'Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk', Review of Economic Studies, 25 (2) February, 65-86 -- James Tobin (1965), 'Money and Economic Growth', Econometrica, 33 (4), October, 671-84 -- James Tobin (1969), 'A General Equilibrium Approach to Monetary Theory', Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1 (1), February, 15-29 -- James Tobin (1972), 'Inflation and Unemployment', American Economic Review, 62 (1), March, 1-18 -- Franco Modigliani (1944), 'Liquidity Preference and the Theory of Interest and Money', Econometrica, 12 (1), January, 45-88 -- Franco Modigliani and Richard Brumberg (1955), 'Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-Section Data', in Kenneth K. Kurihara (ed) (ed.), Post-Keynesian Economics, Chapter 15, London: George Allen and Unwin, 388-436 -- Franco Modigliani (1961), 'Long-Run Implications of Alternative Fiscal Policies and the Burden of the National Debt', Economic Journal, 71 (284), December, 730-55 -- Albert Ando and Franco Modigliani (1963), 'The "Life Cycle" Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests', American Economic Review, 53 (1, part 1), March, 55-84 -- Franco Modigliani (1977), 'The Monetarist Controversy or, Should We Forsake Stabilization Policies?', American Economic Review, 67 (2), March, 1-19 -- Franco Modigliani and Richard Brumberg (1980), 'Utility Analysis and Aggregate Consumption Functions: An Attempt at Integration', in Andrew Abel (ed) (ed.), The Collected Papers of Franco Modigliani, Volume 2: The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 128-97 -- Robert E. Lucas, Jr. and Edward C. Prescott (1971), 'Investment Under Uncertainty', Econometrica, 39 (5), September, 659-81 -- Robert E. Lucas, Jr. and Edward C. Prescott (1974), 'Equilibrium Search and Unemployment', Journal of Economic Theory, 7 (2), February, 188-209 -- Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1977), 'Rules Rather Than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans', Journal of Political Economy, 85 (3), June, 473-91 -- Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1982), 'Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations', Econometrica, 50 (6), November, 1345-70 -- Rajnish Mehra and Edward C. Prescott (1985), 'The Equity Premium: A Puzzle', Journal of Monetary Economics, 15 (2), March, 145-61 -- Edward C. Prescott (1986), 'Theory Ahead of Business Cycle Measurement', Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 10 (4), Fall, 9-22 -- Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1990), 'Business Cycles: Real Facts and a Monetary Myth', Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 14 (2), Spring, 3-18
    Note: "An Elgar research collection , Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9781785362255
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 553 p) , ill , cm
    Series Statement: The pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics 8
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paul A. Samuelson, John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrows, Gerard Debreu and Maurice F. C. Allais
    Keywords: Samuelson, Paul Anthony ; Hicks, John ; Arrow, Kenneth Joseph ; Debreu, Gérard ; Arrow, Kenneth J ; Samuelson, Paul A ; Debreu, Gerard ; Hicks, John ; Allais, Maurice ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Gerard Debreu and Herbert Scarf (1963), 'A Limit Theorem on the Core of an Economy', International Economic Review, 4 (3), September, 235-46 -- Gerard Debreu (1970), 'Economies with a Finite Set of Equilibria', Econometrica, 38 (3), May, 387-92 -- Gerard Debreu (1972), 'Smooth Preferences', Econometrica, 40 (4), July, 603-15 -- Gerard Debreu (1974), 'Excess Demand Functions', Journal of Mathematical Economics, 1 (1), March, 15-21 -- Gerard Debreu (1975), 'The Rate of Convergence of the Core of an Economy', Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2 (1), March, 1-7 -- Gerard Debreu (1984), 'Economic Theory in the Mathematical Mode', American Economic Review, 74 (3), June, 267-78 -- M. Allais (1953a), 'L'Extension des Théories de l'Equilibre Economique Général et du Rendement Social au Cas du Risque' (Extension of the Theories of General Economic Equilibrium and Economic Efficiency to the Case of Risk), Econometrica, 21 (2), April, 269-90 -- Maurice Allais (1953b), 'Le Comportement de l'Homme Rationnel devant le Risque: Critique des Postulats et Axiomes de l'Ecole Américaine' (Rational Behavior under Risk: Critique of the Postulates and Axioms of the American School), Econometrica, 21 (4), October, 503-46 -- Maurice Allais (1962), 'The Influence of the Capital-Output Ratio on Real National Income', Econometrica, 30 (4), October, 700-728 -- Maurice Allais (1997), 'An Outline of My Main Contributions to Economic Science', American Economic Review, 87 (6), December, 3-12
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): P.A. Samuelson (1938), 'A Note on the Pure Theory of Consumer's Behaviour', Economica, 5 (17), February, 61-71 -- Paul A. Samuelson (1939a), 'Interactions Between the Multiplier Analysis and the Principle of Acceleration', Review of Economic Statistics, XXI (2), May, 75-8 -- Paul A. Samuelson (1939b), 'The Gains from International Trade', Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, V (2), May, 195-205 -- Wolfgang F. Stolper and Paul A. Samuelson (1941), 'Protection and Real Wages', Review of Economic Studies, 9 (1), November, 58-73 -- Paul A. Samuelson (1948), 'International Trade and the Equalisation of Factor Prices', Economic Journal, LVIII (230), June, 163-84 -- Paul A. Samuelson (1954), 'The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure', Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXVI (4), November, 387-9 -- Paul A. Samuelson (1958), 'An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest With or Without the Social Contrivance of Money', Journal of Political Economy, LXVI (6), December, 467-82 -- Paul A. Samuelson (2004), 'Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and Confirm Arguments of Mainstream Economists Supporting Globalization', '2008 Appendix 1: 3-Good US-China Trade Where Technology Rise in China Probably Hurts US Net' and 'Appendix 2: Inelastic Demand Can Cause Inventions to Reduce Welfare', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18 (3), Summer, 135-46, A1-A4 [reset], A4-A8 -- J.R. Hicks and R.G.D. Allen (1934), 'A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value, Part I', Economica, 1 (1), February, 52-76 -- J.R. Hicks and R.G.D. Allen (1934), 'A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value, Part II: A Mathematical Theory of Individual Demand Functions', Economica, 1 (2), May, 196-219 -- J.R. Hicks (1935), 'A Suggestion for Simplifying the Theory of Money', Economica, 2 (5), February, 1-19 -- J.R. Hicks (1937), 'Mr. Keynes and the "Classics"; A Suggested Interpretation', Econometrica, 5 (2), April, 147-59 -- J.R. Hicks (1939), 'The Foundations of Welfare Economics', Economic Journal, XLIX (196), December, 696-712 -- Kenneth J. Arrow (1951), 'An Extension of the Basic Theorems of Classical Welfare Economics', in Jerzy Neyman (ed) (ed.), Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 507-32 -- Kenneth J. Arrow and Gerard Debreu (1954), 'Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy', Econometrica, 22 (3), July, 265-90 -- Kenneth J. Arrow and Leonid Hurwicz (1958), 'On the Stability of the Competitive Equilibrium, I', Econometrica, 26 (4), October, 522-52 -- Kenneth J. Arrow, H.D. Block and Leonid Hurwicz (1959), 'On the Stability of the Competitive Equilibrium, II', Econometrica, 27 (1), January, 82-109 -- K.J. Arrow, H.B. Chenery, B.S. Minhas and R.M. Solow (1961), 'Capital-Labor Substitution and Economic Efficiency', Review of Economics and Statistics, XLIII (3), August, 225-50 -- Kenneth J. Arrow (1962), 'The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing', Review of Economic Studies, 29 (3), June, 155-73
    Note: "An Elgar research collection , Includes bibliographical references , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9781785362231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 684 p) , cm
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Series Statement: The pioneering papers of the Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als James A. Mirrlees, William S. Vickrey, George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence and Joseph E. Stiglitz
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mirrlees, James A. ; Vickrey, William S. ; Akerlof, George A. ; Spence, Andrew Michael ; Stiglitz, Joseph E. ; Vickrey, William S ; Akerlof, George A ; Spence, Michael ; Stiglitz, Joseph E ; Mirrlees, James A ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Ökonomen ; Nobelpreis ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): J.A. Mirrlees (1971), 'An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation', Review of Economic Studies, 38 (2), April, 175-208 -- Peter A. Diamond and James A. Mirrlees (1971a), 'Optimal Taxation and Public Production I: Production Efficiency', American Economic Review, 61 (1), March, 8-27 -- Peter A. Diamond and James A. Mirrlees (1971b), 'Optimal Taxation and Public Production II: Tax Rules', American Economic Review, 61 (3, part 1), June, 261-78 -- J.A. Mirrlees (1974), 'Notes on Welfare Economics, Information and Uncertainty', in M. Balch (ed), D. McFadden (ed) and S. Wu (ed) (eds), Essays on Economic Behaviour Under Uncertainty, Chapter 9, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 243-58 -- James A. Mirrlees (1976), 'The Optimal Structure of Incentives and Authority within an Organization', Bell Journal of Economics, 7 (1), Spring, 105-31 -- James A. Mirrlees (1997), 'Information and Incentives: The Economics of Carrots and Sticks', Economic Journal, 107 (444), September, 1311-29 -- William Vickrey (1939), 'Averaging of Income for Income-Tax Purposes', Journal of Political Economy, 47 (3), June, 379-97 -- William Vickrey (1945), 'Measuring Marginal Utility by Reactions to Risk', Econometrica, 13 (4), October, 319-33 -- William S. Vickrey (1955), 'A Proposal for Revising New York's Subway Fare Structure', Journal of the Operations Research Society of America, 3 (1), February, 38-68 -- William Vickrey (1961), 'Counterspeculation, Auctions, and Competitive Sealed Tenders', Journal of Finance, 16 (1), March, 8-37 -- William Vickrey (1962), 'Auction and Bidding Games', in Recent Advances in Game Theory (Papers delivered at a meeting of the Princeton University Conference, October 4-6 1961), Philadelphia, PA: Ivy Curtis Press, 15-27 -- William Vickrey (1992), 'Federal Tax Policy for the 1990's: An Updated Agenda for Progressive Taxation', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 82 (2), May, 257-62 -- George A. Akerlof (1970), 'The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXXIV (3), August, 488-500 -- George Akerlof (1976), 'The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales', Quarterly Journal of Economics, XC (4), November, 599-617 -- George A. Akerlof (1980), 'A Theory of Social Custom, of Which Unemployment May Be One Consequence', Quarterly Journal of Economics, XCIV (4), June, 749-7 -- George A. Akerlof (1982), 'Labor Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange', Quarterly Journal of Economics, XCVII (4), November, 543-69 -- George A. Akerlof and Janet L. Yellen (1985), 'A Near-Rational Model of the Business Cycle, with Wage and Price Inertia', Quarterly Journal of Economics, C, Supplement, 823-38 -- George A. Akerlof and Janet L. Yellen (1990), 'The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CV (2), May, 255-83 -- Michael Spence (1973), 'Job Market Signaling', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXXVII (3), August, 355-74
    Abstract: Michael Spence (1974), 'Competitive and Optimal Responses to Signals: An Analysis of Efficiency and Distribution', Journal of Economic Theory, 7 (3), March, 296-332 -- Michael Spence (1976), 'Product Selection, Fixed Costs, and Monopolistic Competition', Review of Economic Studies, 43 (2), June, 217-35 -- A. Michael Spence (1977), 'Entry, Capacity, Investment and Oligopolistic Pricing', Bell Journal of Economics, 8 (2), Autumn, 534-44 -- Michael Spence (1984), 'Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance', Econometrica, 52 (1), January, 101-21 -- Michael Spence (2002), 'Signaling in Retrospect and the Informational Structure of Markets', American Economic Review, 92 (3), June, 434-59 -- Joseph E. Stiglitz (1974), 'Incentives and Risk Sharing in Sharecropping', Review of Economic Studies, 41 (2), April, 219-55 -- Michael Rothschild and Joseph Stiglitz (1976), 'Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information', Quarterly Journal of Economics, XC (4), November, 629-49 -- Sanford J. Grossman and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1980), 'On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets', American Economic Review, 70 (3), June, 393-408 -- Joseph E. Stiglitz and Andrew Weiss (1981), 'Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information', American Economic Review, 71 (3), June, 393-410 -- Carl Shapiro and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1984), 'Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device', American Economic Review, 74 (3), June, 433-44 -- Bruce C. Greenwald and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1986), 'Externalities in Economies with Imperfect Information and Incomplete Markets', Quarterly Journal of Economics, CI (2), May, 229-64
    Note: "An Elgar research collection" , The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 88
    Book
    Book
    Amsterdam : Amsterdam Univ. Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISBN: 9789089642691
    Language: English
    Pages: 400 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: The making of the humanities / ed. by Rens Bod ... Vol. 1
    Series Statement: The making of the humanities
    Keywords: Geschichte 1500-1800 ; Kongreß ; Europa ; Humanismus ; Wissenschaft ; Kultur ; Häresie ; Konferenzschrift
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789282102701
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 617 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future for Interurban Passenger Transport: Bringing Citizens Closer Together
    Keywords: Transportation Congresses Passenger traffic ; Transportation Congresses Passenger traffic ; Konferenzschrift ; Stadtverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Regionalverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik
    Note: At head of title: Forum international des transports , Includes bibliographical references , Issued also in English under title: The future for interurban passenger transport : bringing citizens closer together , Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The future for interurban passenger transport : bringing citizens closer together , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar Pub
    ISBN: 9781849804998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 329 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax reform in open economies
    DDC: 336.205
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: 1985-2007 ; Steuertheorie ; Steuerpolitik ; Steuerwirkung ; Steuerreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Electronic books ; Taxation ; International finance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Steuerreform ; Offene Volkswirtschaft ; Steuerpolitik
    Abstract: The eminent contributors (including Altshuler, Creedy, Freebairn, Gravelle, Heady, Kalb, Sørensen and Zodrow) investigate the beneficial directions for medium-term tax reform in the light of global developments and lessons from the latest taxation research. In addressing this issue, they review recent advances in both the theoretical and empirical tax literature and reform evidence from individual countries. Topics covered include the impact of taxes on economic performance; international and corporate taxation; personal tax and welfare systems; environmental taxation; and country-specific tax reform experiences
    Abstract: pt. 1. The impact of taxes on investment and productivity -- pt. 2. International, corporate and capital taxation -- pt. 3. Personal tax and welfare systems -- pt. 4. Taxing environmental externalities -- pt. 5. Lessons from tax reform episodes
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781849803205
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 319 p) , ill
    Series Statement: New horizons in international business
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Managing the contemporary multinational
    DDC: 658.18
    RVK:
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmenszentrale ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Unternehmensorganisation ; Hierarchie ; Unternehmensnetzwerk ; Strategisches Management ; Organisationsforschung ; International business enterprises Management ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Management ; Zentrale Einrichtung ; Electronic books ; International business enterprises ; Management ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Internationales Management ; Hauptquartier
    Abstract: Managing the Contemporary Multinational explores the role of headquarters in different structures of multinational firms and shows how this role is affected by the complexity of contemporary research
    Abstract: pt. I. Headquarters' role and structures of the multinational -- pt. II. Headquarters' monitoring and value-creating roles -- pt. III. A dialogue about the uppsala model of internationalization
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar Pub
    ISBN: 9781849805544
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 252 p) , ports
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rosser, John Barkley, 1948 - European economics at a crossroads
    DDC: 330.094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Europa ; Electronic books ; Europe Economic conditions ; Economists ; Europe ; Interviews ; Economics ; Europe ; Study and teaching (Higher) ; Interview ; Europa ; Volkswirtschaftslehre ; Wirtschaftswissenschaftler
    Abstract: As Europe moves toward an integrated academic system, European economics is changing. This book discusses that change, along with the changes that are happening simultaneously within the economic profession. The authors argue that modern economics can no longer usefully be described as "neoclassical", but is much better described as complexity economics. The complexity approach embraces rather than assumes away the complexities of social interaction
    Abstract: pt. 1. The future of European economics -- pt. 2. Conversations -- pt. 3. Reflections
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-245) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9781849805476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 260 p)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pack, Spencer J. Aristotle, Adam Smith and Karl Marx
    DDC: 330.15
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aristoteles ; Smith, Adam ; Marx, Karl ; Aristotle ; Aristotle ; Smith, Adam ; Marx, Karl ; Aristotle ; Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; Economics Philosophy ; Economic policy History 21st century ; Comparative economics ; Electronic books ; Aristotle ; Smith, Adam, 1723-1790 ; Marx, Karl, 1818-1883 ; Economics ; Aristoteles v384-v322 ; Smith, Adam 1723-1790 ; Marx, Karl 1818-1883 ; Politische Ökonomie
    Abstract: Spencer Pack compares and contrasts Aristotle's, Smith's and Marx's theoretical systems on six fundamental issues: exchange value, money, capital, character, government, and change. This book also provides insights on issues concerning the continuing development of world money, saving, managerial capitalism, corrupt governments, and various secular and religious movements for social change
    Abstract: pt. 1. Aristotle's seminal position -- pt. 2. Adam Smith's debate with Aristotle over chrematistic/economic issues -- pt. 3. Karl Marx's modern return to Aristotle -- pt. 4. Lessons for the 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar Pub
    ISBN: 9781849805117
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 293 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bouwmeester, Onno Economic advice and rhetoric
    DDC: 658.46
    Keywords: Unternehmensberatung ; Ökonomen ; Rhetorik ; Vergleich ; Niederlande ; Business consultants ; Unternehmensberater ; Volkswirtschaft ; Electronic books ; Business consultants ; Economics ; Information services ; Unternehmensberater ; Wissenschaftliche Beratung ; Unternehmenstheorie
    Abstract: This book compares the approaches of consultants and academic advisers and provides an in-depth analysis of their advice argumentation. Both compete on the market for economic advice, with consultants enjoying a larger market share and usually obtaining higher fees. However, academics criticize them for overcharging, shallowness, and quick-and-dirty methods. So, are consultants' clients misled or even cheated? Not necessarily. The book reveals that academics have drawbacks as well; their arguments are less balanced than those of consultants and their estimates contradict each other more
    Abstract: 1. Introduction : consultants and academics in competition -- 2. Consultants' and academics' views on advice -- 3. Advice analysis and rhetoric -- 4. Espoused theory of advice argumentation -- 5. Advice on further growth of Amsterdam Airport -- 6. Advice on liberalization in the electricity market -- 7. Conclusions and discussion -- 8. Advice on advice reports discussed in the cases
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 266-278) and index
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264084612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'efficacité du secteur de la santé ; Le rôle des technologies de l'information et des communications
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'efficacité du secteur de la santé : Le rôle des technologies de l'information et des communications
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving health sector efficiency
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Gesundheitswesen ; Informationstechnik ; Effizienzsteigerung
    Abstract: Despite the promise they hold out, implementing information and communication technologies (ICTs) in clinical care has proven to be a very difficult undertaking. More than a decade of efforts provide a picture of significant public investments, resulting in both notable successes and some highly publicised costly delays and failures. This has been accompanied by a failure to achieve widespread understanding among the general public and the medical profession of the benefits of electronic record keeping and information exchange. With consistent cross-country information on these issues largely absent, the OECD has used lessons learned from case studies in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United States to identify the opportunities offered by ICTs and to analyse under what conditions these technologies are most likely to result in efficiency and quality-of-care improvements. The findings highlight a number of practices or approaches that could usefully be employed in efforts to improve and accelerate the adoption and use of these technologies.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264076044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Using data from PISA 2006, this book analyzes to what extent investments in technology enhance educational outcomes. One of the most striking findings of this study is that the digital divide in education goes beyond the issue of access to technology. A new second form of digital divide has been identified: the one existing between those who have the right competencies to benefit from computer use, and those who do not. These competencies and skills are closely linked to the economic, cultural and social capital of the student. This finding has important implications for policy and practice. Governments should make an effort to clearly convey the message that computer use matters for the education of young people and do their best to engage teachers and schools in raising the frequency of computer use to a level that becomes relevant. If schools and teachers are really committed to the development of 21st century competencies, such an increase will happen naturally. And only in these circumstances will clear correlations between technology use and educational performance emerge.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075788
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combler l'écart pour les élèves immigrés ; Politiques, pratiques et performances
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Closing the gap for immigrant students
    DDC: 371.82691209177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Einwanderung ; Schüler ; Student ; Studienbedingungen
    Abstract: OECD has conducted policy reviews of migrant education in Austria, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden and has examined the migrant education experience in many countries. This book offers comparative data on access, participation and performance of immigrant students and their native peers and identifies a set of policy options based on solid evidence of what works.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264031104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for digital policies
    Keywords: Wissensgesellschaft ; Informationstechnik ; Digitale Spaltung ; Technologiepolitik ; Spanien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Spain
    Abstract: Plan Avanza, Spain’s national Information Society strategy, has created a strong momentum for furthering information society (IS) policy in Spain, mobilising close to EUR 9 billion over four years from national, sub-national and non‑governmental stakeholders. But what have these important investments contributed to wider societal goals such as public sector modernisation and increasing citizens’ trust in government; creating job opportunities and preparing a future work force for a competitive, globalised economy; supporting economic reform; improving citizens’ welfare and promoting equity? This report takes inventory of the Plan’s main achievements thus far and its remaining challenges for the future, reflecting on how its next phase (2010-2015) can best serve society. In particular, the report looks at how Plan Avanza has helped integrate citizens, business and the public administration into the knowledge economy. It identifies areas on which Spain should continue to work: convergence with EU and OECD countries’ levels of access to and use of ICT; growth of the ICT sector; and development of e-government services. The experiences of Spain and other OECD countries suggest that building a strong policy and governance framework is key for the success of IS policies. Indeed, to increase the impact of IS strategies policy makers must continuously look for ways to improve the performance of these frameworks. This can include identifying potential co‑ordination gaps between stakeholders and leveraging existing institutions; ensuring that policy sequencing contributes to strategic objectives; strengthening funding mechanisms and incentive structures for stakeholders; and improving evaluation and oversight. Using Plan Avanza as a case study, this study highlights the importance of each of these factors in maximizing the impact, and improving cost-effectiveness, of IS strategies in times of growing fiscal constraints.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264088870
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work; Breaking the Barriers; A Synthesis of Findings across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers: A Synthesis of Findings across OECD Countries
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sozialpolitik ; Behinderung ; Krankheit ; Rehabilitation ; Integration ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Trop de travailleurs quittent définitivement le marché du travail pour des raisons de santé ou à cause d’une incapacité, et rares sont les personnes qui conservent un emploi lorsque leur capacité de travail est réduite. C’est là une tragédie sociale et économique commune à la quasi-totalité des pays de l’OCDE, qui est à l’origine d’un paradoxe apparent méritant explication : alors qu’en moyenne la santé s’améliore, pourquoi de nombreux individus en âge de travailler quittent-ils la population active pour vivre de leurs prestations de maladie de longue durée ou d’invalidité ? Ce rapport, le dernier de la série de l’OCDE intitulée Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles synthétise les conclusions du projet et étudie les facteurs qui peuvent expliquer ce paradoxe. Il met en lumière le rôle des institutions en place et des politiques mises en œuvre et conclut qu’il est essentiel pour les principaux acteurs – travailleurs, employeurs, médecins, organismes publics et prestataires de services – de rehausser les attentes et d’améliorer les incitations. À partir d’un examen des bonnes et mauvaises pratiques observées dans les pays de l'OCDE, le rapport suggère qu’une série de réformes de fond s’impose afin de promouvoir l’emploi des personnes atteintes de problèmes de santé. Le rapport examine plusieurs options d’arbitrage essentielles entre des politiques de diminution du nombre de nouveaux bénéficiaires du régime d’invalidité et d’augmentation du nombre de sorties de ce régime, de maintien dans l’emploi ou de recrutement de personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé. Il s’interroge sur la nécessité de dissocier chômage et invalidité en tant qu’aléas distincts, souligne combien il importe de disposer d’une meilleure base de données d’observation et insiste sur les difficultés de mise en œuvre des politiques retenues. Dans la même série Vol. 1 : Norvège, Pologne et Suisse (2006) Vol. 2 : Australie, Luxembourg, Espagne et Royaume-Uni (2007) Vol. 3 : Danemark, Finlande, Irlande et Pays-Bas (2008) Canada : des possibilités de collaboration (2010) Sweden: Will the Recent Reforms Make It? (2009, en anglais uniquement)
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264094901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de santé ; efficacité et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de santé : efficacité et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health care systems
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: People in OECD countries are healthier than ever before, as shown by longer life expectancy and lower mortality for diseases such as cancer. At the same time, total spending on health care now absorbs over 9% of GDP on average in the OECD. Achieving value for money in the health care sector is an important objective in all OECD countries. The book takes an in-depth look at health care in OECD countries today. What is the status of people’s health? How do we measure health outcomes? How do we assess the efficiency of health care systems? How are health policies and institutions linked with the performance of health care systems? The chapters explore the answers to such questions. They cover: trends in health care outcomes and spending; ways of assessing efficiency; new indicators of health care policies and institutions; and the characteristics and performance of health care systems.
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