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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (206)
  • Bayreuth UB
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (206)
  • Bayreuth UB
  • MFK München
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  • Online-Ressource  (206)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Investment: Unlocking Africa's Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 37-62
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: It is now time to invest in Africa. The prospects are good. Africa is already attracting growing flows of private resources, as a result of its greater political stability and economic reforms. Significant new investors are now engaging in Africa, from within and outside the continent. Development assistance and debt relief alone will not be sufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Africa now needs more and sustainable investment, both domestic and foreign, in order to accelerate economic growth and progress in poverty reduction, and become better integrated into the global economy. We call for the fulfilment of commitments made at African and G8 Summits and other global fora, including support from development partners to help Africa mobilise more investment, and better focus on mobilisible domestic revenue sources and indigenous resources. Areas such as infrastructure, extractive industry, tourism, agribusiness and ICT are particularly important drivers of development, and require support from development partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art3-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Gender and Economic Empowerment in Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: It is time to deliver for women and girls. Africa’s growth and development agenda can only succeed if the continent is able to draw on all its resources and talents, and if women are able to participate fully in economic, social and political life. This will require intensified efforts to eliminate discrimination and promote equal rights. The strong commitment which has been demonstrated by African governments needs to be complemented by strong support from the wider international community, within the framework of a clear allocation of responsibilities, and the clear mapping out of specific steps and measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art5-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Climate Change and Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Climate change is a major threat to sustainable growth and development in Africa, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its overdependence on rain-fed agriculture, compounded by factors such as widespread poverty and weak capacity. The main longer-term impacts include: changing rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and reducing food security; worsening water security; decreasing fish resources in large lakes due to rising temperature; shifting vectorborne diseases; rising sea level affecting low-lying coastal areas with large populations; and rising water stress.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art2-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    National Legislative and Regulatory Activities (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 99-115
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 99-115
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Belgium ; Brazil ; France ; Ireland ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Moldova, Republic of ; Romania ; Serbia ; Slovenia ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States
    Kurzfassung: One amendment changes the funding of the activities of the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) whereby part of the fees is transformed into taxes. Besides taxes, fees and administrative fines, funding is possible by means of donations, legacies and extra fees.
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-v2009-art6-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Peace and Security in Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: More action is needed, by both Africa and the wider international community. Building peace and security is essential, both for economic development and for poverty reduction. Leadership is being taken by Africa itself. The number of conflicts has fallen. But even so, one-fifth of the population of Africa still live in conflict zones. More action is needed both to strengthen and support Africa’s own efforts to bring peace to the continent, and to tackle the wider global drivers of conflict, including the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons, and the trade in conflict resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum? : Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049147-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Productivity Measurement and Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Kurzfassung: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044616-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    PISA Data Analysis Manual: SAS, Second Edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056251
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (467 p.)
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056251-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Patent Statistics Manual (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    QP 215
    RVK:
    QR 360
    Schlagwort(e): Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Kurzfassung: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056442-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079205
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products: (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Handbook on deriving capital measures of intellectual property products
    RVK:
    QI 200
    Schlagwort(e): Immaterialgüterrechte ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Economics ; Immaterialgut ; Immaterielles Wirtschaftsgut ; Messung ; System of National Accounts ; Kapitalbildung
    Kurzfassung: The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be recorded as capital formation. This is a natural extension to the 1993 SNA, which recommends recording many acquisitions of software and databases, mineral exploration, and entertainment, artistic and literary originals as capital formation, too. These products have a common characteristic, namely that their value reflects the underlying intellectual property they embody, which is why they are referred to collectively in this publication as intellectual property products (IPPs). But they also share another important characteristic: their measurement is not straightforward, and in the absence of clear guidance it is highly likely that estimates will not be comparable between countries. This Handbook is designed to provide that guidance by considering IPPs collectively, based on their common characteristics, by type, based on any specificities, such as data availability, and by detailed transaction - for example the valuation of IPPs that have been produced for internal use by their developers, the valuation of unsuccessful IPPs, and the production of IPPs produced and made freely available by government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079205-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    PISA Data Analysis Manual: SPSS, Second Edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056275
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (475 p.)
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056275-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009 : Second edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    QI 200
    Schlagwort(e): Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Kurzfassung: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068476-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008 : Fourth Edition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Kurzfassung: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045743-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Terrorism and International Transport : Towards Risk-based Security Policy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102329
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international ; Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks. The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make to improving security in aviation and maritime shipping by identifying methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their effectiveness, and examining techniques to allocate resources targeting the highest risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102329-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043695
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Ausgabe: Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: El capital –en particular el de tipo físico– juega varios roles en la vida económica: este constituye riqueza y provee de servicios en el proceso de producción. El capital es invertido, desinvertido y se deprecia llegando a ser obsoleto, y existe una cuestión de cómo medir todas estas dimensiones del capital en la industria y en las cuentas nacionales. El Manual del Capital revisado es la primera guía comprehensiva para los enfoques hacia la medición del capital. Este está dirigido a estadísticos, investigadores y analistas, y trata de dar asesoría práctica, mientras que provee una estructura teórica y un resumen de la literatura relevante. El Manual se presenta en tres partes –una primera parte–, con una descripción no técnica de los principales conceptos y de los pasos necesarios para la medición del capital; una segunda parte, dirigida a la implementación y una tercera parte, describiendo la teoría con una formulación matemática más completa del proceso de medición.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043695-es
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Partnership for Development: Investment in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 47-52
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 47-52
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 clearly identified the need to increase private capital flows to Africa, as an essential component of a sustainable long-term approach to filling the resource gap. It identified priorities including addressing risk perception, building public-private partnerships, and deepening capital markets. Successive statements by African governments have reinforced these priorities. The African Peer Review Mechanism includes ‘increased trade and investment among the participating countries’ and ‘increased co-operation in mobilising and attracting both domestic and foreign investment’ among its ‘high priority areas’...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art40-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Partnership for Development: Infrastructure in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 identified infrastructure as a key sectoral priority. It proposed a programme including increased investment both in maintenance and in new infrastructure, new regulatory frameworks, and the promotion of public-private partnerships. NEPAD subsequently developed a Short-Term Action Plan designed to accelerate progress in this sector, and a Medium-Long Term Strategic Framework. Successive meetings of AU Ministers have underlined the importance of infrastructure to economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art42-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    DAC Peer Review of the United States (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 95-200
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 125 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : États-Unis
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 95-200
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from the United Kingdom and Canada for the Peer Review meeting held on 07 December May 2006. The review applauded the major increase in American official development assistance, which reached a record high of USD 27.6 billion in 2005. The Committee commended the United States for raising development to the status of one of three pillars of national foreign policy. Key recommendations included the need to explicitly recognise the key importance of poverty reduction, encouragement for a more explicit approach to the role of policy coherence for development, the need to persist in clarifying the lines of operational responsibility between military and development institutions, support for greater US attention to the Paris Declaration aid effectiveness agenda and encouragement for the joint Department of State and USAID development of an overarching strategic plan to guide humanitarian work.
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v7-art41-en
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  • 19
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    Review of Donors' Policies and Practices Related to Employment and Labour Markets (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this review is to collect evidence on the instruments and modalities donors use to promoteemployment creation and to draw some preliminary lessons on what worked and what might need to be changed. These results will feed into the preparation of the Task Team’s two other outputs: i) a conceptual framework that gives greater centrality to employment issues in efforts to reduce poverty; and ii) a set of good practice papers that provide evidence-based examples of how donors can help improve employment outcomes in developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art38-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
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    Case Law (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 111-117
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 7 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 111-117
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; Germany ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Canada Brunswick News Inc. v Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of the Province of New Brunswick denying release of nuclear power feasibility study (2008) Germany Judgement of the Federal Administration Court on the so-called “Biblis-obligations” (2008) United States Judgement of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on the interpretation of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Standard Contract (2008) Summary Order of the U.S. Court of Appeals on petitions for revision of Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations (2008)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2008-5k9gw7rxdj9w
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
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    Partnership for Development: Africa and International Trade (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 53-65
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 15 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 53-65
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 emphasised the importance of trade and within this a number of specific themes including diversification of production, enhanced international competitiveness, promotion of exports, and improvements in market access. The paper prepared by the NEPAD Secretariat for the 7th meeting of the APF in Moscow in October 2006 identified 4 main areas in which African efforts were focused: deepening of African integration; trade facilitation efforts; private sector participation in building trade-enabling infrastructure; and mainstreaming of trade and national development strategies...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art41-en
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  • 22
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    Proposal to Use Health as a "Tracer Sector" for Tracking Progress on the Paris Declaration (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-26
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The health sector has always been an important recipient of global attention and external assistance. Humanitarian concerns about the health of the world’s poor, along with fears about the spread of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS, have made health a central pillar of most development policies. Over the last 30 years attention has increased with the emergence of new health threats - such as HIV/AIDS and pandemic influenza - and with recognition that health is a key determinant of economic growth, labor force productivity and poverty reduction. At the same time, health is increasingly viewed as a human right, the fulfillment of which places obligations on both developed and developing countries. Health has also been at the forefront of the debate on what aid effectiveness means from a sectoral perspective. In the mid-1990s health policymakers designed and pioneered sector-wide approaches (SWAps), which aimed to foster ownership, improve donor harmonization and aid predictability, and align policy behind a health-reform program agreed between government and donors. As this paper illustrates, aid effectiveness is particularly challenging in health. As with other sectors, difficulties are the result of inefficiencies in the global aid architecture and of poor country policies; however, problems in health are exacerbated by the inherent complexities of the sector itself. The large number and diverse nature of development partners active in health, the large unmet needs, the dependency on multiple sectors to achieve health outcomes, the major roles of the private sector in both financing and delivery, and the long-term recurrent nature of most health needs have created challenges for countries, but have also stimulated innovative ideas on how to move forward. As a result, the health sector may be a good "tracer" sector for OECD/ DAC to monitor overall harmonization and alignment progress.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art37-en
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  • 23
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    Partnership for Development: Agriculture in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 101-123
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 101-123
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 identified agriculture as a sectoral priority. Key declarations include the 2003 CAADP Framework calling for 6% agricultural growth rates; the 2003 Maputo Declaration calling for 10% of public expenditure to be spent on agriculture and rural development within 5 years; the 2004 Sirte Declaration on ’The Challenges of Implementing Integrated and Sustainable Development on Agriculture and Water in Africa’; and the 2006 Abuja Declarations on Fertilisers (June) and Food Security (December)...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art43-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
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    Partnership for Development: Finance for Development in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 17-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 17-40
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: NEPAD’s founding statement in 2001 identified domestic savings and improvements in public revenue collection as key resources to be supplemented by official development assistance, debt relief and private capital flows. The statement further underlined that improved governance is a prerequisite for increased capital flows...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art39-en
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  • 25
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    National Legislative and Regulatory Activities (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 119-134
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 119-134
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Belarus ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Montenegro ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Belarus Act on the Use of Atomic Energy (2008) France Safety guideline on final disposal of radioactive waste in a deep geological repository (2008) Decree concerning the procedures applicable to foreign spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste reprocessing (2008) Germany Amendment to the 1986 Act on Preventive Protection of the Public Against Radiation (2008) Order on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (2008) Act on the 2004 Protocols to Amend the Paris Convention and the Brussels Supplementary Convention; Act to Amend the Atomic Energy Act (2008) Hungary Energy Policy 2007-2020 Framework Strategy (2008) Indonesia Regulation on licensing of uses of ionizing radiation sources and nuclear materials (2008) Italy Implementing law on urgent provisions for economic development etc. (2008) Montenegro Law on the Environment (2008) Romania Decision on the organisational structure of the Nuclear Agency (2008) Decision on the selection of the investors of Units 3 and 4 of Cernavoda NPP (2008)Consolidated version the Civil Protection Law (2008) National strategy for preventing emergency situations (2008) National strategy for information sharing and communication in the event of an emergency (2008) Russian Federation Decree transferring responsibilities to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology (2008) Slovak Republic Transposition of Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom (2008) Ukraine Decree creating the state enterprise “Nuclear Fuel” (2008) Amendment to the law on radioactive waste management (2008) United Kingdom New Ministry for Energy and Climate Change (2008) United States Next generation nuclear plant licensing strategy (2008) Public health and environmental radiation protection standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada (2008) Inflation adjustment to the Price-Anderson Act (2008)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2008-5k9gw7rxbp8t
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  • 26
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    Eurostat-OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt EUROSTAT - OECD manual on business demography statistics
    RVK:
    QH 238
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmenserfolg ; Unternehmensgründung ; Lebenszyklus ; Statistische Methode ; Anpassung ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Indikator ; Unternehmensentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: This joint Eurostat and OECD publication provides a detailed description of the sources and methods used by OECD countries to compile the business demography indicators, such as birth death and survival rates of businesses, published by OECD in Structural and Demographic Business Statistics (SDBS). Furthermore, these measures are key components of the Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme developed jointly by the OECD and Eurostat. It is the first manual of its kind that provides for an internationally comparable framework for these increasingly important measures and also provides recommendations for the measurement of indicators not hitherto covered in the SDBS publication, such as indicators of high-growth enterprises and young high-growth enterprises (gazelles).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041882-en
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  • 27
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    Space Technologies and Climate Change : Implications for Water Management, Marine Resources and Maritime Transport (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054196
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the contributions that space technologies can make in tackling some of the serious problems posed by climate change. Focusing on examples of water management, marine resources and maritime transport, it sets out the rationale for further developing satellite systems to measure and monitor climate change and help mitigate its consequences. The report underlines the need to consider satellites not just as research and development systems, but as an important component of a critical communication- and information-based infrastructure for modern societies. The tool box for decision makers that concludes the book reviews different methodological options for deciding on investments in space-based earth observation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054196-en
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  • 28
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    Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: United States (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Serie: Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies no.6
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE ; États-Unis
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE : États-Unis
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; United States
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072015-en
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  • 29
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    Monetary Policy, Market Excesses and Financial Turmoil (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.597
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper addresses the question of whether and how monetary policy ease may lead to excesses in financial and real asset markets and ultimately result in financial dislocation. It presents evidence suggesting that periods when short-term interest rates have been persistently and significantly below what Taylor rules would prescribe are correlated with increases in asset prices, especially as regards housing, though no systematic effects are identified on equity markets. Significant asset price increases, however, can also occur when interest rates are in line with Taylor rules, associated with periods of financial deregulation and/or innovation. The paper argues that accommodating monetary policy over the period 2002-2005, in combination with rapid financial market innovation, would seem in retrospect to have been among the factors behind the run-up in asset prices and consequent financial imbalances -- the (partial) unwinding of which helped trigger the 2007 financial market turmoil. Moreover, the paper points out that in certain situations policy rates may be a rather blunt tool for dealing with both the build-up and aftermath of financial imbalances, raising the question whether “macro-prudential” regulation could be useful.
    DOI: 10.1787/244200148201
    URL: Volltext
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  • 30
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    Oil Dependence: Is Transport Running out of Affordable Fuel? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/05
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The transport sector’s demand for oil is less price sensitive than any other part of the economy. This is partly because demand for transport services is relatively insensitive to price and partly because substitutes for oil in road transport are currently far from cost-effective. Evidence from the USA suggests that as incomes rise, transport sector oil demand becomes even less price sensitive. This implies that oil consumption is set to become increasingly concentrated in the transport sector. It also implies that relatively limited fluctuations in demand can have increasingly significant effects on oil prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/235517712500
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  • 31
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    Transport Outlook 2008 : Focusing on CO2 Emissions from Road Vehicles (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/13
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This short outlook is designed to test the potential for key policy instruments for mitigating emissions from road transport, and particularly from light duty vehicles, the largest source of CO2 emissions from transport (see Figure 1 and Table 1). It also examines uncertainties in the baseline scenario for the development of CO2 emissions from the sector. In contrast to the OECD’s Economic Outlook and the IEA’s World Energy Outlook, the Transport Outlook is produced making use of external modeling tools. The work uses the most transparent and robust model developed to date for the sector, the MoMo modeli constructed and maintained by the International Energy Agency and initially developed for the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. We are grateful to the MoMo-team for their willingness to share this product. The present document is only a first step towards the development of a full-fledged Transport Outlook. It is limited in scope, with its focus on road transport and on emissions of CO2. Despite the limitations, this mini-Outlook provides elements of a useful framework for discussions on the policy challenges presented by the risk of costly consequences from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. As will become clear, permanent reductions of CO2-emissions from transport are difficult to achieve because of strong underlying global growth in transport demand. At the same time, our scenarios suggest that emissions could be stabilized even with strong growth of demand, given immediate and continued efforts to reduce the sector’s carbon intensity. If stabilization is the goal, then finding cost-effective ways of achieving it becomes the critical issue.
    DOI: 10.1787/235320486412
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  • 32
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    Have Long-term Financial Trends Changed the Transmission of Monetary Policy? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.634
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper addresses the question of whether and how long-term financial trends may have modified the transmission mechanism from monetary policy decisions to economic activity. The focus is on longterm changes, abstracting from the disruptions created by the 2007-08 financial turmoil which are temporarily affecting the transmission mechanism. The first series of findings is that a number of factors have worked to strengthen the transmission of monetary policy, including more competitive financial markets, higher household indebtedness, greater diversity in the supply of financial products, greater financial integration and more responsive asset pricing mechanisms. However, other factors appear to have simultaneously gone in the direction of weakening transmission of domestic policy, including greater external financial influences, lower exchange-rate pass-through and a broad-based shift towards fixed-rate assets and liabilities. On balance, monetary policy appears to remain a powerful tool for guiding aggregate demand, but a number of changes that have worked to support the strength of transmission have also increased risks to financial stability.
    DOI: 10.1787/238203348082
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  • 33
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    Understanding Russian Regions' Economic Performance during Periods of Decline and Growth : An Extreme-bound Analysis Approach (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.644
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses “extreme-bound”-type analysis to revisit the determinants behind widely differing economic growth in Russian regions. Using data of 77 regions for 1993-2004, it separately examines the growth drivers for the phase of economic decline up to 1998, and for the period of strong growth afterwards. Looking at forty variables considered to be potentially related to growth, it determines, for each of the two periods, the ones robustly associated with Russian economic performance. Among the variables considered are proxies of politico-institutional features, indicators of economic reform, and measurements of both economic and non-economic initial conditions. The main findings, based on close to one million regressions, are as follows: during the period of economic decline up to 1998, differences in Russian regional growth were almost entirely driven by initial conditions, with resource and human capital endowments, industrial structure, and geographical location playing the dominant roles. However, since the 1998 crisis, the importance of initial conditions has declined significantly, and is now basically reduced to hydrocarbon wealth and advantageous geographical location. More reform-oriented policies, as well as better regional leadership are found to have come to make a significant difference. These results point to determinants of economic performance in periods of actual economic decline being quite different from those in “normal” times of economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/235866010670
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  • 34
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    The Costs and Effectiveness of Police to Reduce Vehicle Emissions (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/09
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Transport sector policies already contribute to moderating greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicles and are increasingly designed to contribute to overall societal targets to mitigate climate change. The Round Table investigated the effectiveness and costs of various mitigation options. The question of how to decide on the distribution of abatement efforts across sectors of the economy was also discussed. Within the broad topic of addressing greenhouse gas emissions from transport, the Round Table focused on emissions of CO2 from road transport and in particular from light-duty passenger vehicles. Policies that reduce fuel consumption below non-intervention levels are in place in most countries, many adopted for reasons other than reducing CO2 emissions. In the US, both fuel taxes and fuel economy regulations have been in force for some decades. European governments have adopted high fuel taxes but are now considering introducing fuel economy regulations. A first core question for the Round Table was whether such a combination of instruments is justified. A second question was whether current policies, and the level of taxes and standards, are in line with societal climate change mitigation goals and, more generally, how such goals ought to be defined.
    DOI: 10.1787/235407601737
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    The Wider Economic Benefit of Transport : Macro-, Meso and Micro Transport Planning and Investment Tools (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/06
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes and organizes presentations and discussions of the Round Table on Macro-, meso and micro infrastructure planning and assessment tools, that took place at Boston University, on 25 and 26 October 2007. The goal of the meeting was to investigate how recent research on direct and wider economic impacts of investment in transport infrastructure can be used to improve the practice of transport projects appraisal. While the potential importance of “wider benefits” is clear, it is less obvious that attempts to quantify them should be part of all projects appraisals. Timely availibilty of results of simpler approaches might approve the quality of decision-making just as much. And when wider impacts are part of appraisal, their quantification should follow consistent procedures. Policy-oriented research should focus on these procedures, not on producing general results, as the latter are thought to be irrelevant to policy, to the extent they exist.
    DOI: 10.1787/235472836885
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  • 36
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    Biofuels: Linking Support to Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/07
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes and organizes presentations in the Round Table's presentations and discussions, draws conclusions when possible, and points out where opinions differ. It is divided in three main sections. First, the presentations and discussions provided an overview of the advances, promises, and pitfalls of current research on the economic impacts of investments in transport infrastructure. a first recurring theme was that advances in the analysis of "wider impacts" were acknowledged, but their transferability across projects was questioned, so there are "no simple rules" for generalizing results. Moreover, routine analysis is difficult because of shortcomings both in data availability and in the analytical framework. This theme is developed in some detail in section two. A second recurring issue was the major differences in the approach to transport project appraisal between countries. The impact of economic appraisal on policy decisions varies greatly from one region to another and this has consequences for the way wider economic impacts might be taken into account.
    DOI: 10.1787/235412177684
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    Towards Zero : Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101964
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Zéro tué sur la route ; Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero; Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (Russian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Zéro tué sur la route : Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (Russian version)
    DDC: 629.28304
    Schlagwort(e): Traffic safety ; Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Umsetzung
    Kurzfassung: Each year around 1.2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured on roads around the world. But crashes are largely preventable and much can be done to reduce the burden of pain they cause and their economic impact. This report takes stock of recent developments and initiatives to meet increasingly ambitious road safety targets, and constitutes a major international review of progress in developing Safe System approaches, now adopted in a small number of countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101964-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement : Report on Implementation of the Council Recommendation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-36
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-36
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Council Recommendation on Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement (C(2002)3) "... invited the Environment Policy Committee to monitor, assess, and report to the Council in 2005 on Member countries’ implementation of this Recommendation, and on any barriers to further implementation" (Appendix I).To help evaluate the extent to which member countries have implemented the Recommendation, a questionnaire was developed and applied (Appendix II). An informal Steering Group on Greener Public Purchasing was also established to guide the process. This Steering Group provided inputs to both the development of the questionnaire and the interpretation of its findings.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art26-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Instrument Mixes Addressing Household Waste (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-61
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-61
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The present report presents the case studies made of instrument mixes addressing household waste in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art23-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Report of the OECD pesticide risk reduction steering group seminar "Pesticide risk reduction through better application technology" (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-115
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 115 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-115
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The seminar considered opportunities for risk reduction through better pesticide application technologies. It considered a variety of technology options with such opportunities (e.g. equipment and techniques for reducing spray drift, technical requirements for spraying, establishing buffer zones, etc). While pesticide application technologies for agricultural use was the primary focus, the seminar also addressed municipal (e.g. for bio-security, mosquito control) and other non-agricultural sectors as they are also important in some OECD countries.The seminar considered the role of government and others in promoting innovations in modern, lower risk technologies and their adoption. Issues of safe handling closely related to application technology such as filling and cleaning of sprayers were also addressed. The seminar discussed areas such as minimum technical requirements, standards and certification for performance, maintenance and control of application equipment and technologies, and training and certification of workers and applicators. Regulatory requirements that address these areas, such as inspections of application equipment, were presented during the seminar. Also, voluntary measures such as guidelines addressing these technical requirements were reviewed.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art30-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Full Employment Strategies for Cities : The Case of Glasgow (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-18
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-18
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: There is growing recognition throughout the OECD of the need to link economic development and employment policies at the level of the individual city if the twin objectives of raising competitiveness and reducing worklessness are to be met. The challenge is particularly clear in the UK, where the employment rate of the working age population in the major cities has lagged consistently behind the relatively strong performance of the nation as a whole (HM Treasury, 2007). The Government has recognised that raising the UK employment rate towards its ambitious 80%national target will require special efforts to tackle unemployment and economic inactivity in the cities (Department of Work and Pensions, 2006). This is an important departure from the traditional emphasis on national labour market policies and standardised welfare to work programmes that pay little regard to geographical variations in socio-economic conditions. One of the issues arising is the appropriate balance between measures to stimulate labour demand and create jobs, on the one hand, and measures to strengthen labour supply by improving people’s skills, employability and motivation, on the other. There is also an issue about how to connect employment opportunities to people in need of work but who face multiple disadvantages and barriers to employment, such as poor transport access and lack of childcare. Another issue relates to the amount of decentralisation and local control of the policy levers that government should encourage, and what form this should take. The purpose of this paper is to address these important questions by focusing on the labour market context and policy situation in Glasgow.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art41-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulatory Management Capacities of Member States of the European Union that Joined the Union on 1 May 2004 : Sustaining Regulatory Management Improvements through a Better Regulation Policy (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-121
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 121 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-121
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Enhancing the competitiveness of its economy through increased productivity growth is one of the main challenges recognised by the European Union in the original Lisbon strategy and the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs (adopted in 2000 and 2005 respectively). The improvement of the regulatory environment and regulatory processes at the level of the Institutions of the EU and its Member States is a key factor in creating a business environment conducive to productivity growth.This policy is known as "Better Regulation". This policy does not mean more regulation or less regulation but involves the putting in place of processes which ensure that all regulations are easy to understand, apply, comply with and are of high quality.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art16-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sustainable Development Finance for Cities and Regions (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-14
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-14
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Becoming a successful city involves achieving a high investment/high return equilibrium, just as much as it does for the most successful businesses. Success in the open knowledge driven global economy requires places to be truly distinctive, appealing and productive. Just as firms must innovate and invest to succeed, cities have to adjust, reinvent, and differentiate themselves. They have to change the old patterns of land and resource use, and connect assets with opportunities in new ways and over new spaces. They must modernise infrastructure and build up human capital. This can have positive impacts on entrepreneurship, innovation, skills, and other factors of growth. But this involves adjustment costs, in the form of investment to re-engineer the city for the new economic functions and flows that it must facilitate. It can take 30-50 years of re-investment to fully recalibrate a city from the industrial mode to the knowledge mode...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art42-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 44
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    Lessons Learnt from Experience with Debt-for-Environment Swaps in Economies in Transition (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-65
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 65 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-65
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report summarises the major lessons learnt from the experience with debt-for-environment swaps (DFES) in selected transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. It presents the key steps in designing, negotiating and implementing DFES in low-income countries that have accumulated significant external debt and face challenges with servicing this debt. The report draws primarily on the experience of Poland, Bulgaria, Georgia and the Kyrgyz Republic but relevant cases and lessons from other countries in the world are included, as appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art15-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
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    Draft Checklist for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-36
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-36
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: At the OECD Symposium and Global Forum on Integrity in Public Procurement in November 2006, participants called for an instrument for policy makers at the international level to reform public procurement systems and reinforce integrity and public trust in how public funds are managed. They also expressed interest in developing a practical toolkit that could be applied, adapted and developed indifferent legal, political and administrative contexts. To respond to these requests, the OECD has developed a draft "Checklist for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement". The Checklist will help guide policy makers at central government level in instilling a culture of integrity throughout the entire public procurement cycle:• The first part of the Checklist provides guidance on developing an adequate policy framework for enhancing integrity in public procurement;• The second part focuses on how to implement this framework, from needs assessment to contract management and payment. The Checklist is based on applying good governance elements, in particular transparency, good management, corruption resistance, accountability and control to enhance integrity in public procurement.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art20-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 46
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The present report presents the case studies made of instrument mixes addressing non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark and in the Chesapeake Bay area of the United States. While all these case studies discuss instruments addressing nutrient run-off, the UK and the Danish case studies also discuss instruments addressing the use of pesticides in the agriculture sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art24-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
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    Political Advisors and Civil Servants in European Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-70
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-70
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The tension between political advisors and civil servants is inherent in democratic administrative structures. How do countries define appropriate roles for political advisers and civil servants as rooted in their history? What regulations govern their respective functions? How do political advisers and civil servants cooperate? What are points of contention and how are disagreements resolved? Are there national innovations, also with regard to training? The aim of this questionnaire-based study is to present a variety of national traditions regarding the roles and responsibilities of political advisers and civil servants, as well as the institutional arrangements put into place to mediate inbuilt sources of conflict.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art6-en
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
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    Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for new Varieties of Sunflower : Key Food and Feed Nutrients, and Anti-nutrients and Toxicants (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This consensus document addresses compositional considerations for new varieties of sunflower by identifying the key food and feed nutrients and anti-nutrients. A general description of these components is provided. As well, there is background material on the production, processing and uses of sunflowers and considerations to be taken when assessing new sunflower varieties.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art33-en
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  • 49
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    Financing Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in EECCA Countries, including Progress in Achieving Water-Related Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-40
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: At their meeting in Almaty in October 2000, EECCA Ministers of Environment, Finance, and Economy, Ministers and senior representatives from several OECD countries, as well as senior officials from International Financial Institutions (IFI), International Organisations, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector, recognised the critical condition of the urban water supply and sanitation sector in EECCA and endorsed "Guiding Principles for the Reform of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in the NIS". Participants requested the EAP Task Force to assess progress in implementing these Guiding Principles for review at a major conference of stakeholders that took place in 2005 in Yerevan, Armenia. This paper is an update of a report that was prepared for the Ministerial meeting in Yerevan, drawing on more recent data, and responds to the Ministers' request to prepare such a paper for the Environment for Europe Conference in 2007.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art8-en
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
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    Building a Framework for Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Lobbying (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-66
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-66
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This document presents the revised Framework for Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Lobbying which is designed to support policy debate when lobbying reaches the political agenda. The Framework provides decision makers with policy options to meet public expectations for transparency, accountability and integrity in lobbying.This document is divided into two parts:• Part I presents the draft Framework in five sections that list key aspects of designing and implementing standards and rules to enhance transparency and accountability in lobbying. The draft Framework contains principles as well as description of alternative policy options and examples that may help decision makers put the Framework into practice.• Part II provides a comparative overview of building blocks, models and examples of country solutions. It supported discussion on possible approaches and elements of the Framework in the Special Session on Lobbying: Enhancing Transparency and Accountability of the Expert Group on Conflict of Interest.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art21-en
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  • 51
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    Lessons Learnt from Financing Strategies for the Municipal Waste Management Sector in Selected EECCA Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-73
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 73 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1-73
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The publication sketches a realist portrait of the municipal waste management sector in EECCA based on field work, presents lessons learnt from the financing strategy case studies, as well as on the methodology (see Annex 1), and proposes recommendations on policies which could be implemented in EECCA countries to promote the financial sustainability of the municipal waste sector. The recommendations also build on lessons learnt in EU accession and candidate countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Turkey), and on the experience of the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art14-en
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
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    Enlargement of the European Union : An Analysis of the Negotiations for Countries of the Western Balkans (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-50
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The European Union has made it clear on numerous occasions that the future of the Western Balkan nations lies within the Union. After the Balkan wars of the 1990s, accession is seen as a guarantee of peace and stability in the region by both the 27 countries of the Union and by the six Western Balkan countries : Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.This jointly-held belief is, however, an objective, which can only be reached when the six countries meet the conditions set by the Union for accession. Part of this preparation will take place through the implementation of the Stabilisation and Association Agreements (SAAs), which have been or are in the process of being negotiated with these countries. However, the conditions for accession go well beyond the programme of work implied by the SAA...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art5-en
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  • 53
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    Trends in Environmental Finance in EECCA (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report examines developments in environmental financing in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) since 2000. It focuses on expenditures, both domestic sources of finance, as well as external environmental assistance; the latter includes Official Development Assistance/Official Assistance (ODA/OA), and lending from International Financial Institutions (IFIs).
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art9-en
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  • 54
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    Conflict-of-Interest Policies and Practices in Nine EU Member States : A Comparative Review (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Italy ; Latvia ; Poland ; Portugal ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This paper was prepared by Sigma, upon the request of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, to serve as a basic comparative working document for the preparation of a new policy and regulation on conflict of interest in the Czech public sector. Given its generalist orientation, the paper could also be useful for other countries carrying out specific reforms in the area of conflict of interest and general reforms related to anti-corruption policies and instruments.This paper provides descriptive data and an analytical overview of approaches to managing conflicts of interest in the public sector of nine European countries - six "old" EU members (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) and three "new" EU members (Hungary, Latvia and Poland). The paper also provides some conclusions that are worth taking into account when reforming policies and instruments to improve regulations and practices on conflict of interest.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art4-en
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  • 55
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    Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of the Cultivated Mushrooms "Agaricus Bisporus" : Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-nutrients and Toxicants (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-44
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-44
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This consensus document addresses compositional considerations for new varieties of cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus by identifying the key food and feed nutrients and anti-nutrients. A general description of these components is provided. As well, there is background material on the production, processing and uses of Agaricus bisporus and considerations to be taken when assessing new Agaricus bisporus varieties.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art32-en
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  • 56
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    The Role of Ministries in the Policy System : Policy Development, Monitoring and Evaluation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-48
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-48
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper offers a framework for assessing and developing the role of ministries in the policy process, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on a background paper and country papers prepared for a CARDS seminar held in Budva (Montenegro) in November 2005, which are supplemented by the results of a written questionnaire completed by participants during the event.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art7-en
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  • 57
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    Public Procurement Review and Remedies Systems in the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-110
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 110 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-110
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: The main objective for the establishment of a public procurement complaints review and remedies system is to enforce the practical application of substantive public procurement legislation. Such a system gives this legislation its “teeth”: the possibility of review and remedies serves as a deterrent to breaking the law and thus encourages compliance. Moreover, violations of the law and genuine mistakes can be corrected. Therefore, a functioning public procurement review and remedies system may ultimately contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the substantive rules, such as non-discrimination and equal treatment, transparency, and value for money. The public procurement review and remedies systems of EU Member States need to comply with the requirements of European Community law: the EC Treaty, the EC Public Sector Remedies Directive 89/665/EEC and the EC Utilities Remedies Directive 92/13/EEC...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art13-en
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  • 58
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    Use of Discount Rates in the Estimation of the Costs of Inaction with Respect to Selected Environmental Concerns (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-42
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-42
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviewed current discounting practice in the OECD. It found a wide variance in guidance across countries (which may or may not be justifiable by different economic conditions), and significant differences in guidance within countries. Furthermore, even when discounting guidance is specified, it is not always followed in practice.A clear conclusion from this study is the allocation of public funds would be substantially improved if OECD countries provided departments with a consistent set of guidance on discounting. This guidance should provide for the analysis of long-term projects, programmes and policies, which are increasingly important, particularly with respect to environmental concerns. Finally, guidance should incorporate advances in theory of discounting under long-term uncertainty. A recipe for determining the appropriate rate of decline in the discount rate is included in this paper.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art28-en
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  • 59
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    Consensus Document on the Biology of the Native North American Larches : Subalpine Larch (Larix lyalli), Western Larch (Larix occidentalis) and Tamarack (Larix laricina) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-48
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-48
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The environmental safety/risks of transgenic organisms are normally based on the information on the characteristics of the host organism, the introduced traits, the environment into which the organism is introduced, the interaction between these, and the intended application. The OECD’s Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on identifying parts of this information, which could be commonly used in countries for environmental safety/risk assessment to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. Biosafety Consensus Documents are one of the major outputs of its work.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art34-en
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  • 60
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    Organising the Central State Administration : Policies and Instruments (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1-71
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper has been prepared by the Sigma Programme following a request of the Government Office of the Czech Republic. The OECD has worked extensively during the last few years on issues relating to the organisational dimension of the national administration and, in particular, on the phenomenon of "agencification" and its impact on governance structures. It has already produced a significant number of analyses1, including a comprehensive comparative publication on Distributed Public Governance (2002)2. Sigma has also published on the topic in the framework of public expenditure management and with reference to transition countries.This OECD work was prompted by the problems caused by the increasing administrative-functional deconcentration within its member countries. The main questions posed were along the lines of: Does departmentalisation (keeping the whole responsibility within a ministry) ensure better control and efficient management of administrative and other public services or, on the contrary, does agencification (in the sense of setting up separate bodies) result in better management and de-politicisation?
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art17-en
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  • 61
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    Report of the OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Steering Group Workshop "Pesticide User Compliance" (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-166
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 166 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-166
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report presents a summary of the discussions at, and the outcomes from, the OECD workshop on Pesticide User Compliance Issues. The workshop was held in Ottawa, from 6-8 June 2006 and was hosted by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). The focus of the workshop was on issues and impediments to compliance associated with pesticide use. Such issues were addressed in the context of reducing risks to human health and the environment as well as risks to the integrity of the regulatory process.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art31-en
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  • 62
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    Progress in Modernising Environmental Regulation and Compliance Assurance in Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-71
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: In 2003, by endorsing the Guiding Principles for Reform of Environmental Enforcement Authorities in Transition Economies, the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) agreed on a reference model to guide the modernisation of their systems for environmental regulation and compliance assurance. This report reviews their progress in implementing the Guiding Principles. The main conclusion is that countries took action to comply with the Guiding Principles, mostly to elevate the status of environmental enforcement authorities, clarify responsibilities, and provide training and a better infrastructure. While such improvements are an important basis for further reform, continued lack of progress in modernising strategies and instruments of work will inhibit institutional and environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art10-en
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  • 63
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    Public Integrity and Post-Public Employment : Issues, Remedies and Benchmarks (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-24
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-24
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Post-public employment is one of several variations of the broad concept of conflict of interest, that is, the use of public office for private gain.1 Most post-employment offences occur when public officials use, or appear to use, information or contacts acquired while in government to benefit themselves, or others, after they leave government. However, despite use of the term post-public employment, these offences can actually occur before officials leave government. For example, a serving public official can give preferential treatment to a business firm with a view to obtaining employment with that firm after leaving government. If the official is successful in obtaining that employment and leaves government, he or she can then commit post-employment offences. For example, the official can use confidential information obtained while in government to the benefit of his or her new employer. Thus, a post-employment offence can arise both from the use of one’s current public office for private gain and from the wrongful exploitation of one’s previous public office. For the most part, however, the focus of this paper is on the behaviour of former public officials in their relations with government. Based on the experience of leading OECD countries, the paper will support the development of a state of the art handbook by covering all relevant aspects of a sound and comprehensive framework for preventing conflict of interest in post-public employment...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art19-en
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  • 64
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    Current Developments/ Activities on the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 77 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-30
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This document compiles information provided by member countries and other delegations on current developments on the safety of manufactured nanomaterials (section I) in their countries or organizations. There are also written reports on current activities related to nanotechnologies/ nanomaterials in other International Organisations such as the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (section II). In addition, delegations added a short bulleted list of highlights at the top of their submissions to give readers a general idea of key events since the 1st meeting of the Working Party.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art36-en
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  • 65
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    Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 86 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: This study provides an analysis of the functions, structure, status within the government, and capacity of the central public procurement bodies of Member States. It does not attempt to evaluate their respective advantages/disadvantages or to recommend particular institutional arrangements. Twenty-two separate overviews of public procurement systems in the 22 participating Member States were produced on the basis of national responses to a detailed questionnaire. An in-depth review of these country system overviews provided the comparative analysis portion of this study, which discusses the various models in place in Member States, in particular the background and rationale for the use of a particular institutional model.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art12-en
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  • 66
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    Consensus Document on Safety Information on Transgenic Plants Expressing Bacillus thuringiensis - Derived Insect Control Protein (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-107
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 109 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-107
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on the development of consensus documents that are mutually acceptable among Member countries. These consensus documents contain information for use during the regulatory assessment of a particular product. In the area of plant biosafety, consensus documents are being developed on the biology of certain plants species, on specific genes and resulting proteins that when introduced into a plant result in the expression of specific traits and on issues arising from the use of general trait types in plants. This document addresses the general information concerning the ä-endotoxin genes and their protein toxin products that confer insect protection to plants.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art35-en
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  • 67
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    Reshaping a Local Economy through a Development Agency : The Case of Laganside Corporation, Belfast, United Kingdom (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 78 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-78
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This study of Laganside Corporation draws out valuable lessons for existing agencies, cities, regions and national governments. It offers practical guidance on how to use key tools and concepts of local development to foster economic growth and social cohesion. Although a „top down‟ model, Laganside Corporation pursued an approach which engaged stakeholders from all sectors and provides valuable insights into effective community engagement and working with public and private sectors. The study analyses the approach taken by Laganside Corporation and its international counterparts on a broad range of tools for local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art40-en
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  • 68
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    Benchmarks for Integrity : Tracking Trends in Governance (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-33
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-33
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD, via its Ethics Infrastructure concept and Integrity Assessment Framework, is in the forefront as efforts to check corruption shift from diagnosing problems and prescribing countermeasures to the institutionalization and assessment of integrity. In such an effort OECD possesses significant resources: a generation’s worth of anti-corruption expertise; unparalleled networks, information and data resources; and strong credibility based both on anti-corruption and integrity instruments (such as the OECD Convention on Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 1998 OECD Recommendation on Improving Ethical Conduct in the Public Service and the 2003 Recommendation on Guidelines For Managing Conflict Of Interest in the Public Service) and a half-century of effective dealings with the world’s major economies. But it also faces significant challenges, made all the more difficult by the fact that in some ways it is venturing into unknown territory. A key challenge is to assess anti-corruption progress in valid, reliable, and reasonably precise ways, using objective evidence to provide credible, easily understood feedback and guidance to officials, reform groups, and citizens...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art18-en
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  • 69
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Mercury Emissions to Air (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This study deals with "instruments used to address mercury emissions to air", by which is meant all legislation, regulation and other measures intended to control or reduce anthropogenic, atmospheric mercury emissions. As the links are complex between actual inputs of mercury to society (consumption for intended use and mobilisation of mercury-impurities via industrial processes) and the final release sources, all types of measures addressing any phase in the life-cycle of mercury which may ultimately lead to atmospheric mercury emissions are included here. Due to its volatility, most forms of mercury released or discarded as waste - as vapour, as liquid elemental mercury, as compounds, as integrated in products, consumer waste or flue-gas cleaning residues - may lead to emissions to air.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art25-en
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  • 70
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    Improving co-ordination between environmental and health policies : final report (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-88
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-88
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how policy co-ordination between the environment and health fields could be improved in order to better address environmental health issues. To this end, three cases studies were implemented in the United Kingdom, France and Canada, with particular focus on air pollution.The report synthesises the main findings arising out from these case studies as well as from a review of the governance literature as well. It identifies the main means and obstacles to improved policy coordination of cross-cutting issues, such as environmental health. Recommendations are then suggested, intending to improve co-ordination between environmental and health policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art27-en
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  • 71
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    Legislation on Lobbying in Europe (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-35
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Hungary ; Lithuania ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: This document provides an unofficial translation of legislation on lobbying in Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art22-en
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  • 72
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    Frequently Asked Questions about Work Sharing on Pesticide Registration Reviews (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-13
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-13
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: OECD countries invest significant resources in evaluating agricultural pesticides before they are marketed (or re-evaluating pesticides that have been in use for many years) to ensure that they do not pose unacceptable risks to human health and the environment. Since many pesticides used in OECD countries are the same, governments have recognised the substantial benefits that can be gained if the task of pesticide evaluations for registration and re-registration is shared, rather than duplicating each others' work. The OECD Pesticides Programme is working to establish the infrastructure that will facilitate such work sharing. The recent adoption of an OECD-wide future "vision", with specific deadlines for work sharing, should lead to additional (and more routine) work sharing arrangements between governments and industry.This document provides responses to questions that are frequently asked by governments and industry about the concept of work sharing, and how it would operate in practice. Many of the questions were raised at an OECD seminar on work sharing, held on 31 May, 2006, at the Pesticide Control Service in Ireland. The answers were prepared by a panel of OECD government representatives at that seminar.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art29-en
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  • 73
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    Mobilising Finance for Environmental Priorities : Recommendations for the Future (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-16
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-16
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper argues that the sustained provision of adequate financial resources for the environment is a prerequisite for addressing environmental challenges in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) and South-Eastern Europe (SEE). It sets out options for how optimal use could be made of the various available sources of environmental finance, including domestic public expenditure, private sector participation and official development assistance. Recommendations are provided for Ministers on priority actions for ensuring that financial resources are made available for the environment. EECCA and SEE governments need to continue to prioritise the environment in policy and public expenditure frameworks, and make better use of incentive-based instruments. They also need to create a suitable climate for the private sector to participate in environmental financing. The international community must ensure that IFI loans for environmental investments are more accessible, especially for low-income countries, including by providing adequate grant co-financing. Finally, EECCA and SEE countries should strengthen their capacity to prepare environmental investment projects, with effective support from IFIs and donors.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art11-en
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  • 74
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    Transport, Urban Form and Economic Growth (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101650
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.137
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport, formes urbaines et croissance économique
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Containing sprawl is a major preoccupation of many urban planners, who view sprawl as responsible for driving up environmental costs and congestion. Nevertheless, many economists see benefits to sprawl, allowing households access to larger and cheaper properties. This Round Table examines the costs and benefits of sprawl, shedding light on the linkages between urban form and economic growth, and explored the tradeoffs involved in trying to contain sprawl. Discussions were based on papers prepared by Elizabeth Deakin (UC Berkeley), Matthew Kahn (Tufts University), Gilles Duranton (University of Toronto) and David Banister (University College London).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101650-en
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  • 75
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    Transport Infrastructure Investment and Economic Productivity (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101254
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.132
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Investissements en infrastructures de transport et productivité de l'économie
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table is one of a series of research events to discuss tools to improve transport planning. It addressed the macroeconomic effects of transport infrastructure policies, and aimed at identifying analytical and empirical tools that could determine the overall volume of public expenditure for transport infrastructure investment. It also sought to identify state-of-the-art methods for assessing the macroeconomic impact of transport infrastructure investment. Background papers were provided by David Canning (Harvard University), Charles Hulten (University of Maryland) and Andreas Kopp (OECD/ECMT Transport Research Centre).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101254-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 76
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    Estimation and Evaluation of Transport Costs (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101520
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.136
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Estimation et évaluation des coûts de transport
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cost data for the construction and operation of facilities are essential for the evaluation of infrastructure services supplied by private or public providers. This roundtable examines what data is needed for evaluation; which methods best measure the efficiency of service provision and benchmark providers; how regulatory regimes impact costs; and how regulators can counter the asymmetry of information as well as the incentive for data providers to selectively serve business rather than user interests.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101520-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 77
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    Online-Ressource
    Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2) : Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031326
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (506 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) ; Électricité, eau et transports ; quelles politiques ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Électricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ?
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Mapping policy for electricity, water and transport
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturpolitik ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrspolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Kurzfassung: Infrastructure systems play a vital role in economic and social development. Demand for infrastructure is set to continue to expand significantly in the decades ahead, driven by major factors of change such as global economic growth, technological progress, climate change, urbanisation and growing congestion. However, challenges abound: many parts of infrastructure systems in OECD countries are ageing rapidly, public finances are becoming increasingly tight and infrastructure financing is becoming more complex. This book assesses the future viability of current "business models" in five infrastructure sectors: electricity, water, rail freight, urban mass transit and road transport. It proposes policy recommendations that aim to enhance capacity to meet future infrastructure needs, including measures that could be taken by governments both collectively and individually to create more favourable institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031326-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 78
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    Eurostat-OECD Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030046
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Eurostat-OECD methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services
    RVK:
    QH 238
    Schlagwort(e): Erzeugerpreisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Preisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Kurzfassung: The International Producer Price Index Manual (PPI Manual) published by the IMF in 2004, constituted a landmark for international standards on price measurement and contains detailed, comprehensive information for the compilation of producer price indices. This Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services is a complement to the PPI Manual in two ways: it focuses on service-specific aspects in the PPI compilation by developing further the conceptual framework and it adds detailed descriptions of PPI measurement for a series of service industries. This Guide has been jointly produced by the OECD, Eurostat and the members of a Taskforce with delegates from 19 OECD/EU Member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030046-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 79
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    Compilation Manual for an Index of Services Production (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034440
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Compilation manual for an index of services production
    RVK:
    QH 240
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungssektor ; Produktionsstatistik ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Wirtschaftliches Verhalten ; Messung ; Indikator
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Compilation Manual for Index of Services Production contains guidelines and methodologies to measure short-term production activities of the services sector by national agencies and international organisations. The Manual fills a gap in existing international statistical standards for guidelines and recommendations on the compilation of output indicators for the services sector of OECD member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034440-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 80
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    (De)Regulation of the Taxi Industry (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101155
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (169 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.133
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La (dé)-réglementation du secteur des taxis
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examines the basic case for liberalisation of the taxi industry, and reviews experiences with taxi (de-)regulation in OECD and ECMT member countries. There are a number of aspects to regulation of the taxi industry including entry, price and service quality regulation. The discussions of these aspects concluded that little empirical evidence supported the argument that entry restrictions improved capacity utilisation. On the contrary, the case could be made that increased entry and associated economies of density, as well as shorter passenger waiting times, warranted subsidies for entry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101155-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 81
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    Online-Ressource
    The Environmental Certification of Biofuels (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/06
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Bioenergy, including biofuels, could become a substantial tool for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, locally and globally, possibly providing a large fraction of global primary energy supply by 2020. Exactly how large that share will be is not possible to predict with any precision, being dependent on a complex array of physical, social, economic, technical (innovation) and environmental factors. In addition, there will be competition for biomass resources between the different bioenergy sectors (electricity, heat, transport) and alternative uses e.g. for chemical feedstocks and materials. There will be synergies too, particularly arising through advanced polygeneration and biorefinery supply chains that could help to raise primary productivity and raise resource-use-efficiencies. However, assessing the actual environmental impacts of increased bioenergy and in particular, biofuel usage, will depend sensitively on the scale and mix of technology options employed and on the location. Location is important the fundamental factors that govern biomass productivity vary significantly according to site e.g. soil type, climate, including water availability and temperature. Across a range of indicators, one biofuel may not be the same as another, even where the final fuels are chemically and physically identical e.g. anhydrous ethanol derived from wheat, sugarcane, sugar beet, cassava or from residues.
    DOI: 10.1787/234807606851
    URL: Volltext
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  • 82
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    OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Euroraum 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032033
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (119 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Euro Area 2006
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Zone Euro 2006
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Euro Area 2006
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Zone Euro 2006
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Euro Area
    Kurzfassung: Der Bericht liefert eine umfassende volkswirtschaftliche Analyse des Euroraums. Die Wirtschaftsberichte entstehen im Rahmen einer Peer Review und enthalten konkrete Empfehlungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik des untersuchten Landes. Diese Empfehlungen spiegeln den Konsens der OECD-Mitgliedsländer wider. Der Bericht erscheint alle eineinhalb bis zwei Jahre. Der Bericht enthält konkrete Empfehlungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik und untersucht, ob der Aufschwung nachhaltig ist. Die einzelnen Kapitel behandeln den Umgang mit der Diversität, die Geldpolitik und die Fiskalpolitik.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032033-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 83
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    Eurostat-OECD Methodological Manual on Purchasing Power Parities (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264011335
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt Eurostat-OECD methodological manual on purchasing power parities
    RVK:
    QI 540
    Schlagwort(e): Kaufkraftparität ; Statistische Methode ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Statistik ; OECD ; Europäische Union ; Kaufkraftparität
    Kurzfassung: This manual explains the why, the how, and the when of the international price and volume comparisons of GDP organised by Eurostat and the OECD and it provides advice on the use and interpretation of PPP figures they publish.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264011335-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 84
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    Competitive Cities : A New Entrepreneurial Paradigm in Spatial Development (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264022591
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (133 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Villes et compétitivité ; Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Villes et compétitivité : Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Competitive cities
    Schlagwort(e): Stadtentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Japan ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Globalisierung ; Kommunalplanung
    Kurzfassung: Economic globalisation and the subsequent intensification of inter-city competition have profoundly changed urban governance. This is particularly evident in the field of urban spatial development. The change is often described as a shift from a managerial mode of governance to a more entrepreneurial mode, strongly characterised by risk-taking, innovation, a strong orientation toward the private sector and a strategic approach which focuses on economic growth. This study reviews the challenges that urban entrepreneurialism must overcome to maintain and strengthen its relevance in the 21st century. Urban policy planners are expected to address an increasingly wide range of objectives, including social, environmental and cultural issues as well as economic ones.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264022591-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 85
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    OECD Economic Surveys: Ukraine 2007 (Ukrainian version) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064706
    Sprache: Ukrainisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Ukraine 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Ukraine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064706-uk
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    Market Access, Trade in Transport Services and Trade Facilitation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (235 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.134
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Accès au marché, commerce des services de transport et facilitation des échanges
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: This ECMT Round Table, hosted by the Hellenic Institute of Transport in Thessaloniki, Greece, focused on regional integration in the context of multilateral trade liberalisation, the effects on market structure of liberalising trade in transport services, interaction of the liberalisation of trade in transport services and national competition policies, and demand for the coordination of international transport infrastructure policies, transport security, and logistics policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101476-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 87
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    The Space Economy at a Glance 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040847
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Panorama économique du secteur spatial 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Space applications are becoming an increasingly important part of everyday life. Weather forecasting, air traffic control, global communications and broadcasting, disaster management -- these and many other key activities would be almost unthinkable today without satellite technology. The space industry itself is relatively small compared to other manufacturing sectors, but its technological dynamism and strategic significance mean that it plays an ever more critical role in modern society. Paradoxically, it also figures among the sectors which are the least developed in terms of robust, internationally comparable statistics and data. This book attempts to rectify that situation by assembling information from a wide range of official and non-official sources. Together these paint a richly detailed picture of the space industry, its downstream services activities, and its wider economic and social impacts. Who are the main space-faring nations? How large are revenues and how much employment is there in the sector? How much R&D goes on, and where? What is the value of spin-offs from space spending? Answers to these and other questions are provided in this first-ever OECD statistical overview of the emerging space economy. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for graphs, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040847-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    Russian Manufacturing and the Threat of 'Dutch Disease' : A Comparison of Competitiveness Developments in Russian and Ukrainian Industry (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.540
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the development of Russian industry in comparison with that of Ukrainian industry during 1995–2004 in an effort to ascertain to what extent, if any, Russian manufacturing showed signs of succumbing to ‘Dutch disease’. Ukraine and Russia began the market transition with broadly similar institutions, industrial structures and levels of technology, and the economic reforms implemented in the two countries were also similar, although Ukraine was reckoned to lag behind Russia in many areas. The main difference between them is Russia’s far greater resource wealth. It follows that differences in industrial development since 1991 may to some degree be attributable to differences in initial natural resource endowments. In short, Ukraine could provide a rough approximation of how a resource-poor Russia might have developed over the transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/322823013852
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Monitoring Environmental Expenditure in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia : Implementing the OECD/Eurostat Standards in the Kyrgyz Republic and Ukraine (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 12, p. 1-146
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 146 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 12, p. 1-146
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Kyrgyzstan ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: The document reports on the activities and outcomes of the project for strengthening the existing environmental expenditure information systems in the Kyrgyz Republic and Ukraine. This work was conducted within the framework of the EAP Task Force and implemented by the Task Force secretariat at OECD. These activities have involved an analysis of the current system of environmental expenditure reporting and its compatibility with OECD/Eurostat definitions and classifications, the development of draft reporting forms, instructions and procedures, and a first data collection survey based on OECD/Eurostat methodological standards. Project tasks have been undertaken by a team of international and national consultants in close cooperation with Ministries of Environment and National Statistics Committees in the respective countries, and OECD EAP Task Force.Part One of the report provides an extended summary of the activities and outcomes of the project. Part Two presents the full Country Reports. Part Three presents a synthesis of the workshop held in Kiev on 12 October 2005 to disseminate project findings to EAP Task Force members from EECCA countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art50-en
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  • 90
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    The Impact of Crop Insurance Subsidies on Land Allocation and Production in Spain (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-33
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-33
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This study aims to establish whether farmers respond to insurance subsidies by either augmenting yields (changing non-land inputs use) or by changing crop patterns, or both. It also aims to provide an evaluation of farmers’ relative risk aversion coefficients.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art43-en
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  • 91
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    Resource Compendium of PRTR Release Estimation Techniques: Part 3: Summary of Techniques for Off-Site Transfers (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-35
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This document provides an overview of example transfers that contain chemicals of concern, the sources of those transfers, the chemicals included and management methods for these transfers. In particular, Chapter 5 describes release estimation techniques (RETs) that can be applied to estimate quantities of chemicals in transfers. A case study on oil refining is provided following the general description, including detailed descriptions of unit operations, identification of chemicals in waste/wastewater generated by industries, and calculations for determining the quantities of chemicals transferred off site.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art16-en
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  • 92
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    Agricultural Market Impacts of Future Growth in the Production of Biofuels (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-57
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-57
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The principal objective of the present study is to look at the economics of biofuel production and the likely impacts of an expected growth in biofuel-related demand for agricultural products on commodity markets. It describes the economics and policies in biofuel markets by bringing together available information on production technologies, costs and policy measures in major biofuel producing countries. Additionally based on assumptions where data are missing, production costs are calculated for the year 2004 (the base year for the impact analysis below) and compared across countries and production processes as well as with oil-based fuel prices to show the relative competitiveness of biofuel production. Impacts on agricultural markets are analysed using the OECD partial equilibrium model for temperate zone agricultural commodities, Aglink, in connection with the FAO-counterpart, Cosimo, and the OECD World Sugar Model. A number of modifications are made to the models to allow for this type of analysis, as well as to model the impact of changes in crude oil prices on agricultural production costs. Model results of a set of scenarios are compared in order to identify the specific impacts of expected growth in biofuels production as well as those of changes in world crude oil prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art1-en
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  • 93
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    Progress on Adaptation to Climate Change in Developed Countries : An Analysis of Broad Trends (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 2, p. 1-53
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 2, p. 1-53
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an assessment of broad trends in progress on assessment and implementation of adaptation to climate change in “developed countries”, defined here as being Member states of the OECD and/or Parties listed under Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Primary inputs to this analysis are the National Communications (NCs) by these countries to the UNFCCC. NCs follow a standardised reporting format which facilitates cross-national comparison. They also reflect "whole government" perspectives. At the same time, however, the coverage of particular issues within these documents need not be comprehensive, nor might it necessarily reflect policy priorities on the ground. Therefore, this paper also examines other policies and projects which highlight progress on implementing adaptation, but which have not been reflected in the NCs.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art8-en
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  • 94
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    Using ODA to Promote Private Investment for Development : Policy Guidance for Donors (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report provides guidance to members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) on using ODA more effectively to mobilise private investment for development (investment-enhancing ODA). It focuses on how development agencies can help influence the conditions that lead to increased levels of private investment and on how investment can better contribute to the achievement of broader societal goals, including poverty reduction. A fundamental objective is to help staff in development agencies, both in headquarters and the field, to pursue a more strategic and co-ordinated approach when they design and deliver investment-enhancing ODA.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art4-en
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Physics and Safety of Transmutation Systems : A Status Report (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-120
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 120 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-120
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This status report begins by providing a clear definition of partitioning and transmutation (P&T), and then describes the state of the art concerning the challenges facing the implementation of P&T, scenario studies and specific issues related to accelerator-driven system (ADS) dynamics and safety, long-lived fission product transmutation and the impact of nuclear data uncertainty on transmutation system design.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art13-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Development Effectiveness in Africa : Promise and Performance: Applying Mutual Accountability in Practice (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 12, p. 1-90
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 12, p. 1-90
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The notion of mutual accountability among development partners for their respective commitments, responsibilities, and performance in pursuit of shared goals was first recognised in the Monterrey Consensus. The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness gives concrete expression to this notion. It was initiated by the NEPAD Heads of State and Government Implementation Committee (HSGIC) and developed by the ECA and OECD jointly over the period 2002-2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art51-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Impacts of Unit-based Waste Collection Charges (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-157
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 157 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-157
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the costs and benefits of systems for charging householders for waste. The study looks only at charges which vary with the amount and characteristics of the waste collected, referred to in the report as differential and variable rate, or DVR, charging systems. It is not concerned with taxes or charges levied on householders whichdo not vary according to how the waste collection services are used. The study uses a cost-benefit approach to attempt to draw out whether the balance of effects of such systems is positive or negative...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art30-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulatory Challenges in Using Nuclear Operating Experience (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1-23
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 5, p. 1-23
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: As the nuclear programmes in OECD countries have matured over the four decades of commercial nuclear power operation, this maturation has brought steady improvements in the operational safety of nuclear power plants. This improvement is demonstrated by several performance indicators, but most notably by the reduced frequency and severity of accident precursor events relative to the events of, say, ten to twenty years ago. One of the major reasons for this improved performance has been the extensive use of lessons from operating experience to backfit safety systems, improve operator training and emergency procedures, and to focus more attention on human factors, safety culture and nuclear quality management systems. Indeed, a prominent lesson from the TMI-2 accident in 1979 was the need for systematic evaluation of operating experience on an industry-wide basis, both by the nuclear industry, which has the greatest direct stake in safe operations, and by the nuclear regulator...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art18-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact on Production Incentives of Different Risk Reducing Policies (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-38
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-38
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Reflecting several recent policy developments that have brought risk management to the forefront of policy discussions, this paper looks at government intervention to reduce price and yield risk from farming and how it interacts with market instruments. The starting point is to compare existing policy measures from the point of view of their impact on production and their ability to reduce risk. In the context of “decoupling”, two related questions are posed: What is the production response to each policy? What is the relative effectiveness of different policies in reducing farming risk? When dealing with the objective of farm risk reduction, both questions are inter-related because risk reduction induces production responses from risk adverse farmers.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art45-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Modelling the Impact of Agricultural Policies on Farm Investments under Uncertainty : The Case of the CAP Arable Crop Regime (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 11, p. 1-35
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the OECD project on decoupling and follows the analytical framework defined in OECD (2001). The main objective is to estimate the importance of the dynamic investment effects of area payments using farm level data from the Italian FADN survey. It investigates the investment response by crop producers under the assumption that they are risk averse, and there is uncertainty concerning prices. A dynamic econometric model is estimated. Investment is defined as current expenditure on machinery and buildings for crop production. This paper uses the same data as OECD (2002) and makes estimations and simulations in a way that can be compared with the results obtained in that paper.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art48-en
    URL: Volltext
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