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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (29)
  • HBZ
  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • 1992  (29)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (29)
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (29)
  • HBZ
  • BSZ  (3)
  • GBV  (2)
Material
Language
Years
  • 1990-1994  (29)
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 244 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Engineering ; Lasers. ; Political science.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461533207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 579 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Metabolism of Ethanol2. Acetaldehyde and Acetate -- 3. Alcohol, Hormones, and Metabolism -- 4. Ethanol and Lipid Disorders, Including Fatty Liver, Hyperlipemia, and Atherosclerosis -- 5. Effects of Ethanol on Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism -- 6. Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs -- 7. Alcohol and the Liver -- 8. Alcohol and the Hematologic System -- 9. Immunologic Reactions in Alcoholic Liver Disease -- 10. Alcohol and the Digestive Tract -- 11. Ethanol and the Pancreas -- 12. Cardiovascular Effects of Ethanol -- 13. Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Skeletal Muscle -- 14. The Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment -- 15. Alcohol Abuse: Carcinogenic Effects and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Description, Diagnosis, and Prevention -- 16. Alcohol and the Kidney -- 17. Nutrition: Medical Problems of Alcoholism -- 18. Biological Markers of Alcoholism.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781489965769
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 279 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education Psychology ; Educational psychology ; Psychology
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489924650
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 329 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Epidemiology ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: This relatively non-technical introduction to demography makes accessible the most current methodologies, discussing both their uses and limitations
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489912312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 757 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Plenum Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The population of modern China
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bevölkerung ; China ; Social sciences ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects. ; Sociology. ; Bevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Internationale Migration ; Sterblichkeit ; Fertilität ; Bevölkerungspolitik ; Bevölkerungsverteilung ; Ehe ; Minderheit ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Binnenwanderung ; Verstädterung ; Landflucht ; Volksrepublik China Bevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Internationale Migration ; Sterblichkeit ; Fertilität ; Bevölkerungspolitik ; Bevölkerungsverteilung ; Ehe/Heirat ; Minderheit ; Ethnische Bevölkerungsgruppe/Volksgruppe ; Binnenwanderung ; Urbanisierung ; Land-Stadt-Wanderung ; China ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Geschichte 1949-1990 ; China ; Sozialstruktur ; China ; Bevölkerung ; China ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; China ; Demographie ; China ; Bevölkerungspolitik ; China ; Bevölkerungsgeografie
    Abstract: This work brings together some of the most important recent English-language articles dealing with virtually all aspects of the population of mainland China. This timely resource will be a valuable tool for the Western demographer to reconstruct in detail what has happened to China's population since 1949
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461534846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 171 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction to Total Quality Management (TQM) -- 1 — Total Quality Management — worldwide effect -- 2 — The management methodology -- 3 — TQM principles -- Two Implementation of TQM -- 4 — The executive/management role -- 5 — TQM structure and top-down requirements -- 6 — Quality policy -- 7 — Measurement -- 8 — Quality improvement teams -- 9 — Education and training -- 10 — Involvement and commitment -- 11 — Supplier strategy -- 12 — Time to market -- 13 — Organizational design -- 14 — Summary -- Three Tools and Techniques for TQM.
    Abstract: TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) - A COMPETITIVE EDGE In the context of the European and Western manufacturing challenge being set by the 'Far Eastern Machine', it is of critical importance that manufacturing competitiveness is improved in Western companies. The ability to export successfully is becoming even more critical to the economic well-being of developed countries worldwide. The Japanese domination of the motor cycle and domestic consumer markets has had a significant impact on the balance of payments in Western Europe and the USA. All the signs are that Japanese companies are ready and able to enter other markets aggressively, through takeovers, acquisitions and off-shore manufacturing facilities. In Western Europe, the creation of the 'Single Market' in 1992 has provided major opportunities for companies to increase their market share. Unfortunately, many companies in the West have shown an inability to succeed even in their market when faced with tough, well-organized opposition, such as that from the Far East. There is very little time left for Western companies to catch up - the challenge is becoming more fiercely competitive daily. The time to improve competitive edge may be too late for many companies, as the European frontiers are dismantled and the Japanese companies continue to build off-shore plants in Europe. For example, it is a fact that companies are increasingly x PREFACE being forced to achieve world class manufacturing capability in order to compete and, in many cases, survive.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction to Total Quality Management (TQM)1 - Total Quality Management - worldwide effect -- 2 - The management methodology -- 3 - TQM principles -- Two Implementation of TQM -- 4 - The executive/management role -- 5 - TQM structure and top-down requirements -- 6 - Quality policy -- 7 - Measurement -- 8 - Quality improvement teams -- 9 - Education and training -- 10 - Involvement and commitment -- 11 - Supplier strategy -- 12 - Time to market -- 13 - Organizational design -- 14 - Summary -- Three Tools and Techniques for TQM.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781489961242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 279 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9781489959768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 271 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social structure. ; Equality.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489965820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 353 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Applied psychology ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Counseling.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781489945297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 226 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9781489963857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 291 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Early childhood education
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9781489924506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 298 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This unique work explores and assesses a number of approaches to the archaeological record, particularly the `landscape approach,' in an effort to structure research which will build scientific theory within the context of a processual approach
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 344 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ethics ; Political science.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US | New York, NY : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585275703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 333 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Population ; Archaeology ; Archaeology. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: distinctions in abundance between what is known, remains speculative, or may well be inherently unknowable.' From the Foreword by George Stolnitz
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461532705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Concepts in analytical chemistry2 Classical and rapid methods of analysis -- 3 Optical spectrometry: principles and instrumentation -- 4 Atomic absorption spectrometry -- 5 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry -- 6 Arc and spark source optical emission spectrometry -- 7 Ion-selective electrodes -- 8 X-ray fluorescence analysis: principles and practice of wavelength dispersive spectrometry -- 9 Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry -- 10 Electron probe microanalysis -- 11 Other microbeam and surface analysis techniques -- 12 Neutron activation analysis -- 13 Nuclear techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium and their decay products -- 14 Ion exchange preconcentration procedures -- 15 Gold and platinum group element analysis -- 16 Mass spectrometry: principles and instrumentation -- 17 Thermal ionization mass spectrometry -- 18 Gas source mass spectrometry -- 19 Spark source mass spectrometry -- 20 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry -- References.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461596929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 303 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction to the microscopic study of minerals1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The transmitted-light microscope -- 1.3 The appearance of thin sections using transmitted-light microscopy -- 1.4 Systematic description of minerals in thin section using transmitted light -- 1.4.1 Properties in plane polarized light -- 1.4.2 Properties under crossed polars -- 1.5 The reflected-light microscope -- 1.6 The appearance of polished sections under the reflected-light microscope -- 1.7 Systematic description of minerals in polished section using reflected light -- 1.8 Observations using oil immersion in reflected-light studies -- 1.9 Polishing hardness -- 1.10 Microhardness (VHN) -- 1.11 Practical points on the use of the microscope (transmitted and reflected light) -- 1.12 Preparation of thin and polished sections -- 2 Silicate minerals -- 2.1 Crystal chemistry of silicate minerals -- 2.2 Mineral descriptions -- 3 The non-silicates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Arsenides -- 3.3 Carbonates -- 3.4 Halides -- 3.5 Hydroxides -- 3.6 Native elements -- 3.7 Oxides -- 3.8 Phosphates -- 3.9 Sulphates -- 3.10 Sulphides -- 3.11 Tungstates -- 4 Transmitted-light crystallography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Refraction -- 4.3 The refractive index -- 4.4 The Becke effect and the Becke line -- 4.5 Birefringence and Newton’s Scale of Interference Colours -- 4.5.1 Anomalous interference colours -- 4.6 Isotropic and anisotropic minerals -- 4.7 The isotropic indicatrix -- 4.8 The uniaxial indicatrix -- 4.9 The biaxial indicatrix -- 4.10 Pleochroism -- 5 Reflected-light theory -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Colour of minerals in PPL -- 5.3 Isotropic and anisotropic sections -- Appendix A Refractive indices -- Appendix B 2V size and sign of biaxial minerals -- Appendix C Properties of ore minerals -- Appendix D Mineral identification chart -- Appendix E Gangue minerals.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468465211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (640p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Signal processing.
    Abstract: This is a major reference work about the overlapping fields of television, cable and video. With both technical and popular appeal, this book covers the following areas: advertising, agencies, associations, companies, unions, broadcasting, cable-casting, engineering, events, general production and programming
    Description / Table of Contents: Terms, A to ZAppendices: -- Initials and Acronyms Index -- About the Authors.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9781468414318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Marketing. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Design-Build Concept -- 2 The Art of Selling to the Construction Prospect -- 3 New Business Attitudes -- 4 Finding the Prospective Customer -- 5 Qualifying the Lead -- 6 Selling the Prospect -- 7 Design-Build Capability -- 8 Signing Up the Prospect -- 9 Working with the Owner During Construction -- 10 The Construction Sales Department.
    Abstract: With a jolt you pull your car to the side of the road, and read the job sign that can't be over one day old: New Home of ABC Inc.; General Contractor, XYZ Construction Co. You think out loud, "I knew the property had been sold," and your eyes roam over the real estate sign with the angled "sold" sticker pro­ claiming to all that the agent has been successful. "Thought the job would have come out on the bid list by now," you mutter as you move back onto the road and head for your office. Later in the day you get the agent on the phone: "Jim, how did XYZ get the ABC job? I saw nothing on the builders' exchange about it." "John, XYZ has been negotiating with ABC for the past six weeks. They did one fine job of selling on old McDuff. Understand they just called on him out of the blue asking for a chance. They put the whole package together, plans and all." "Didn't that tightwad McDuff get another price, Jim?" "Sure did; two, as a matter of fact. He asked me to get two other contractors capable of doing design-build projects. He liked XYZ better. I don't know the prices, but I really feel those boys impressed McDuff by going to him. Were you planning to bid the job?" "Thinking about it," you answer, trying to sound very casual.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Design-Build Concept2 The Art of Selling to the Construction Prospect -- 3 New Business Attitudes -- 4 Finding the Prospective Customer -- 5 Qualifying the Lead -- 6 Selling the Prospect -- 7 Design-Build Capability -- 8 Signing Up the Prospect -- 9 Working with the Owner During Construction -- 10 The Construction Sales Department.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468464412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Early Processes and Theories -- 2 Alchemy -- 3 From Alchemy to Chemistry -- 4 Phlogistic and Pneumatic Chemistry -- 5 Lavoisier and the Birth of Modern Chemistry -- 6 The Chemical Atom -- 7 Electrochemistry and the Dualistic Theory -- 8 The Foundation of Organic Chemistry -- 9 The Karlsruhe Congress and its Aftermath -- 10 Organic Chemistry since 1860 -- 11 Atomic Structure, Radiochemistry and Chemical Bonding -- 12 Inorganic Chemistry -- 13 Physical Chemistry -- 14 Analytical Chemistry -- 15 Chemistry and Society -- Appendix The Nobel Prize in Chemistry -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This book is written as a result of a personal conviction of the value of incorporating historical material into the teaching of chemistry, both at school and undergraduate level. Indeed, it is highly desirable that an undergraduate course in chemistry incorporates a separate module on the history of chemistry. This book is therefore aimed at teachers and students of chemistry, and it will also appeal to practising chemists. While the last 25 years has seen the appearance of a large number of specialist scholarly publications on the history of chemistry, there has been little written in the way of an introductory overview of the subject. This book fills that gap. It incorporates some of the results of recent research, and the text is illustrated throughout. Clearly, a book of this length has to be highly selective in its coverage, but it describes the themes and personalities which in the author's opinion have been of greatest importance in the development of the subject. The famous American historian of science, Henry Guerlac, wrote: 'It is the central business of the historian of science to reconstruct the story of the acquisition of this knowledge and the refinement of its method or methods, and-perhaps above all-to study science as a human activity and learn how it arose, how it developed and expanded, and how it has influenced or been influenced by man's material, intellectual, and even spiritual aspirations' (Guerlac, 1977). This book attempts to describe the development of chemistry in these terms.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Early Processes and Theories2 Alchemy -- 3 From Alchemy to Chemistry -- 4 Phlogistic and Pneumatic Chemistry -- 5 Lavoisier and the Birth of Modern Chemistry -- 6 The Chemical Atom -- 7 Electrochemistry and the Dualistic Theory -- 8 The Foundation of Organic Chemistry -- 9 The Karlsruhe Congress and its Aftermath -- 10 Organic Chemistry since 1860 -- 11 Atomic Structure, Radiochemistry and Chemical Bonding -- 12 Inorganic Chemistry -- 13 Physical Chemistry -- 14 Analytical Chemistry -- 15 Chemistry and Society -- Appendix The Nobel Prize in Chemistry -- Name Index.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461534549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A Partnership (Program Status) -- SSC Education Initiatives -- Superconductors I -- Environment, Safety, and Health -- Magnets I -- Detectors I -- Cryogenics I -- Technical Poster Session I -- Quality Assurance I -- Magnets II SSC Dipoles -- Detectors II -- Cryogenics II -- Technology Transfer -- Superconductors II -- Quality Assurance II -- Magnets III Superconducting Magnet Technology -- Detectors III -- Accelerators -- Technical Poster Session II -- Parallel Technical Sessions IV -- Systems Engineering -- Magnets IV Magnet Fabrication and R&D Facilities, Tooling, and Component Analysis -- Detectors IV -- Attendees -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The fourth annual International Industrial Symposium on the Super Collider, rrssc held March 4-6, 1992, in New Orleans was a great success. Present at this year's conference were 839 attendees representing 24 universities and colleges, 34 states, 13 countries, 17 national laboratories, 11 research centers, many government entities at the local, state and federal levels, and 235 businesses and companies. This year's symposium also included 101 exhibits by 78 organizations. In all categories, this year's participation exceeded the totals of previous years and is an example of the growing support for the Superconducting Super Collider Program. This year's program had many highlights. One of the best was a message from President George Bush, read by Linda Stuntz, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Energy. President Bush said that each of us "can be proud of the role that you are playing in building the Collider and in setting the stage for a new era of research and discovery in high energy physics. " The 1992 IISSC's theme was "SSC-Discovering the Future. " This theme was chosen in commemoration of the SOOth anniversary of Columbus's voyage of discovery and the relationship of the SSC with discovery. This theme was articulated by all the speakers in the opening plenary session. Progress on the program was also very evident at this year's symposium. In the pictorial session, 66 photographs from all over the world were displayed to highlight progress in making the SSC a reality.
    Description / Table of Contents: A Partnership (Program Status)SSC Education Initiatives -- Superconductors I -- Environment, Safety, and Health -- Magnets I -- Detectors I -- Cryogenics I -- Technical Poster Session I -- Quality Assurance I -- Magnets II SSC Dipoles -- Detectors II -- Cryogenics II -- Technology Transfer -- Superconductors II -- Quality Assurance II -- Magnets III Superconducting Magnet Technology -- Detectors III -- Accelerators -- Technical Poster Session II -- Parallel Technical Sessions IV -- Systems Engineering -- Magnets IV Magnet Fabrication and R&D Facilities, Tooling, and Component Analysis -- Detectors IV -- Attendees -- Author Index.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461535300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 345 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 About Physical Optics -- 1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- 1.3 Overview of the Following Chapters -- References -- Problems -- 2 Maxwell’s Equations and Plane Wave Propagation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Some Preliminaries -- 2.3 Monochromatic Plane Waves -- 2.4 Polychromatic Plane Waves -- 2.5 Propagation in Polarizing Optical Systems -- 2.6 Striated Media -- References -- Problems -- 3 Material Polarization and Dispersion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Complexity in the Microscopic World -- 3.3 A Derivation of the Lorentz-Lorenz Relation -- 3.4 The Spring Model of Matter -- 3.5 Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media -- 3.6 Macroscopic Models of More Exotic Effects -- References -- Problems -- 4 Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microscopic Basis for the Existence of an Index Tensor -- 4.3 Fresnel’s and the Index Ellipsoids -- 4.4 The Normal Surface and the Ray Surface -- 4.5 Some Propagation Effects in Crystals -- 4.6 Some Polarization Devices -- References -- Problems -- 5 Geometrical Optics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The WKB Approximation as it Relates to Geometrical Optics -- 5.3 The Eikonal Equation -- 5.4 Energy Flow and Radiometry -- 5.5 Paraxial Ray Optics -- 5.6 About Optical Instruments -- 5.7 Phase Space and Liouville’s Theorem -- References -- Problems -- 6 Interferenee -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Michelson Interferometer -- 6.3 Other Interferometers -- 6.4 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer -- 6.5 Young’s Interferometer and Spatial Coherence -- 6.6 Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Interferometer -- References -- Problems -- 7 Diffraetion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Green’s Theorem and Scalar Diffraction -- 7.3 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Theory -- 7.4 Van Cittert-Zemicke Theorem -- 7.5 Diffraction Gratings and Spectrometers -- References -- Problems.
    Abstract: This present text has emerged from the lecture notes for a one semester, first year, graduate level course which has been offered yearly since fall 1985 here in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Enrollment in the course, however, has not been limited to first year graduate electrical engineering students, but has included seniors, as well as more advanced students, from a variety of disciplines including other areas of engineering and physics. Although other Physical Optics texts exist, the most up-to-date ones are written primarily for undergraduate courses. As is discussed in slightly more depth in the introduction in the beginning of Chap­ ter 1, up-to-dateness is important in a Physical Optics text, as even classical optics has been greatly rejuvenated by the events of the last 30 years, since the demonstration of the laser. The perception of this author is that the needs of a graduate level text are quite different from that of an undergraduate text. At the undergraduate level, one is generally pleased if the student can qualitatively grasp a portion of the concepts presented and have some recollection of where to look them up if need be later in his/her career. A deeper insight is necessary at the graduate level and is generally developed through qualitative analysis of the problems within the subject area.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 About Physical Optics -- 1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- 1.3 Overview of the Following Chapters -- References -- Problems -- 2 Maxwell’s Equations and Plane Wave Propagation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Some Preliminaries -- 2.3 Monochromatic Plane Waves -- 2.4 Polychromatic Plane Waves -- 2.5 Propagation in Polarizing Optical Systems -- 2.6 Striated Media -- References -- Problems -- 3 Material Polarization and Dispersion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Complexity in the Microscopic World -- 3.3 A Derivation of the Lorentz-Lorenz Relation -- 3.4 The Spring Model of Matter -- 3.5 Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media -- 3.6 Macroscopic Models of More Exotic Effects -- References -- Problems -- 4 Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microscopic Basis for the Existence of an Index Tensor -- 4.3 Fresnel’s and the Index Ellipsoids -- 4.4 The Normal Surface and the Ray Surface -- 4.5 Some Propagation Effects in Crystals -- 4.6 Some Polarization Devices -- References -- Problems -- 5 Geometrical Optics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The WKB Approximation as it Relates to Geometrical Optics -- 5.3 The Eikonal Equation -- 5.4 Energy Flow and Radiometry -- 5.5 Paraxial Ray Optics -- 5.6 About Optical Instruments -- 5.7 Phase Space and Liouville’s Theorem -- References -- Problems -- 6 Interferenee -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Michelson Interferometer -- 6.3 Other Interferometers -- 6.4 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer -- 6.5 Young’s Interferometer and Spatial Coherence -- 6.6 Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Interferometer -- References -- Problems -- 7 Diffraetion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Green’s Theorem and Scalar Diffraction -- 7.3 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Theory -- 7.4 Van Cittert-Zemicke Theorem -- 7.5 Diffraction Gratings and Spectrometers -- References -- Problems.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489944436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 251 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Psychology and Health Series 7
    DDC: 618.97
    Keywords: Medicine ; Geriatrics
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781461533825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 268 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: High Temperature MaterialsThe Frontiers of High Temperature Structural Materials -- Magnetic Properties -- Effect of Long Range Ordering on the Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Some Transition Metal Based Alloys -- Ferromagnetic Behavior pf Pd- and Pt-Based Alloys -- Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics -- Monte Carlo Simulation of Order-Disorder Phenomena in Binary Alloys -- Compatibility of Lattice Stabilities Derived by Thermochemical and First Principles -- Order-Disorder Kinetics Studied by the Path Probability Method -- Electronic Theories -- Modeling of Invar Properties from Electronic Structure Calculations -- Angularly Dependent Many-Body Potentials Within Tight Binding Hückel Theory -- Structure and Thermodynamics of SixGe1-x Alloys from Computational Alchemy -- First Principle Calculation of Phase Diagrams -- On the Causes of Compositional Order in the NiPt Alloys -- Low Dimensional Systems -- Ultrathin Films of Transition Metals and Compounds: Electronic Structure, Growth and Chemical Order -- Alloy Surface Behavior: Experimental Methods and Results -- Structural Phase Transformations in Alloys: An Electron Microscopy Study -- Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interphases -- Spatial Ordering in Bimetallic Nanostructures -- Summary -- Summary Thoughts.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9781461535225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Lactic Microflora -- 1 The Lactic Microflora of Fowl -- 2 The Lactic Microflora of Pigs, Mice and Rats -- 3 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rumen -- 4 The Human Gastrointestinal Tract -- 5 The Lactic Microflora of the Oral Cavity -- II: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Health -- 6 Probiotics: A General View -- 7 The Effect of Probiotics on the Gut Micro-ecology of Farm Animals -- 8 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Plant Pathogens -- 9 The Antimicrobial Action of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Natural Food Preservation Systems -- 10 Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Control of Tumours -- 11 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Support of Immunocompromised Hosts -- 12 Fermented Dairy Products and Health -- III: Agriculture and Ecology -- 13 Spoilage in the Sugar Industry -- 14 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Plant Silage -- 15 Storage of Waste Products for Animal Feed -- 16 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Coffee and Cocoa Fermentation -- 17 Sporolactobacilli -- 18 Critical Factors Governing the Competitive Behaviour of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Mixed Cultures.
    Abstract: Historical Background lowe my interest in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to the late Dr Cyril Rainbow, who introduced me to their fascinating world when he offered me a place with him to work for a PhD on the carbohydrate meta­ bolism of some lactic rods isolated from English beer breweries by himself and others, notably Dr Dora Kulka. He was particularly interested in their preference for maltose over glucose as a source of carbohydrate for growth, expressed in most cases as a more rapid growth on the disaccharide, but one isolate would grow only on maltose. Eventually, we showed that maltose was being utilised by 'direct fermen­ tation' as the older texts called it, specifically by the phosphorolysis which had first been demonstrated for maltose by Doudoroff and his associates in their work on maltose metabolism by a strain of Neisseria meningitidis. I began work on food fermentations when I came to Strathclyde University, and I soon found myself involved again with the bacteria which I had not touched since completing my doctoral thesis. In 1973 lG. Carr, C. V. Cutting and G. c. Whiting organised the 4th Long Ashton Symposium Lactic Acid Bacteria in Beverages and Food and from my participation in that excellent conference arose a friendship with Geoff Carr. The growing importance of these bacteria was subsequently confirmed by the holding, a decade later, of the first of the Wageningen Conferences on the LAB.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Lactic Microflora1 The Lactic Microflora of Fowl -- 2 The Lactic Microflora of Pigs, Mice and Rats -- 3 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rumen -- 4 The Human Gastrointestinal Tract -- 5 The Lactic Microflora of the Oral Cavity -- II: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Health -- 6 Probiotics: A General View -- 7 The Effect of Probiotics on the Gut Micro-ecology of Farm Animals -- 8 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Plant Pathogens -- 9 The Antimicrobial Action of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Natural Food Preservation Systems -- 10 Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Control of Tumours -- 11 Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Support of Immunocompromised Hosts -- 12 Fermented Dairy Products and Health -- III: Agriculture and Ecology -- 13 Spoilage in the Sugar Industry -- 14 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Plant Silage -- 15 Storage of Waste Products for Animal Feed -- 16 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Coffee and Cocoa Fermentation -- 17 Sporolactobacilli -- 18 Critical Factors Governing the Competitive Behaviour of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Mixed Cultures.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461532729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 302 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Base oils from petroleum -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types of lubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition of lubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation—the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
    Abstract: The use oflubricants began in ancient times and has developed into a major international business through the need to lubricate machines of increasing complexity. The impetus for lubricant development has arisen from need, so lubricatingpractice has preceded an understanding ofthe scientific principles. This is not surprising as the scientific basis of the technology is, by nature, highly complex and interdisciplinary. However, we believe that the under­ standing of lubricant phenomena will continue to be developed at a mol­ ecular level to meet future challenges. These challenges will include the control of emissions from internal combustion engines, the reduction of friction and wear in machinery, and continuing improvements to lubricant performanceand life-time. More recently, there has been an increased understanding of the chemical aspects of lubrication, which has complemented the knowledge and under­ standing gained through studies dealing with physics and engineering. This book aims to bring together this chemical information and present it in a practical way. It is written by chemists who are authorities in the various specialisations within the lubricating industry, and is intended to be of interest to chemists who may already be working in the lubricating industry or in academia, and who are seeking a chemist's view of lubrication. It will also be of benefit to engineers and technologists familiar with the industry who require a more fundamental understanding oflubricants.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Base oils from petroleum1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types of lubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition of lubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation-the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468485479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Mechanisms of Hot Carrier Degradation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Injection of Channel Hot Carriers in MOSFETs -- 1.3 Characterization Techniques -- 1.4 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Uniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.5 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Nonuniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 1.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Hot-Carrier Degradation Effects for DRAM Circuits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hot-Carrier Degradation in MOSFETs -- 2.3 Hot Carrier Impact on Circuit Operation -- 2.4 Circuit Hot-Electron Effect Simulation -- 2.5 ESD Latent Damage and Hot-Electron Reliability -- 2.6 Future Issues -- 2.7 Conclusions -- 2.8 Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Hot Carrier Design Considerations in MOS Nonvolatile Memories -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hot Carriers and EPROM -- 3.3 Hot Carriers and Flash Memory -- 3.4 Hot Carriers and Floating-Gate-Type EEPROMs -- 3.5 Hot Carriers and MNOS-Type EEPROMs -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Hot-Carrier Degradation During Dynamic Stress -- 4.1 The Problem of AC Hot-Carrier Degradation -- 4.2 Discussion of Transient Effects -- 4.3 Dynamic Degradation in Circuits -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix I On the Mathematical Formalism of the Hot-Carrier Currents in Semiconductor DevicesCheng T. Wang -- A1.1 Introduction -- A1.2 Mathematical Formalism -- A1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix II Non-Local Field Effects on Carrier Transport in Ultra-Small-Size Devices Cheng T. Wang -- A2.1 Introduction -- A2.3 Drift Velocity as a Function of Distance -- A2.4 A Comparative Study of Field Effect on Drift Velocity -- A2.5 Conclusion -- A2.6 Acknowledgments -- References.
    Abstract: As device dimensions decrease, hot-carrier effects, which are due mainly to the presence of a high electric field inside the device, are becoming a major design concern. On the one hand, the detrimental effects-such as transconductance degradation and threshold shift-need to be minimized or, if possible, avoided altogether. On the other hand, performance­ such as the programming efficiency of nonvolatile memories or the carrier velocity inside the devices-need to be maintained or improved through the use of submicron technologies, even in the presence of a reduced power supply. As a result, one of the major challenges facing MOS design engineers today is to harness the hot-carrier effects so that, without sacrificing product performance, degradation can be kept to a minimum and a reli­ able design obtained. To accomplish this, the physical mechanisms re­ sponsible for the degradations should first be experimentally identified and characterized. With adequate models thus obtained, steps can be taken to optimize the design, so that an adequate level of quality assur­ ance in device or circuit performance can be achieved. This book ad­ dresses these hot-carrier design issues for MOS devices and circuits, and is used primarily as a professional guide for process development engi­ neers, device engineers, and circuit designers who are interested in the latest developments in hot-carrier degradation modeling and hot-carrier reliability design techniques. It may also be considered as a reference book for graduate students who have some research interests in this excit­ ing, yet sometime controversial, field.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Mechanisms of Hot Carrier Degradation1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Injection of Channel Hot Carriers in MOSFETs -- 1.3 Characterization Techniques -- 1.4 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Uniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.5 Charge Trapping and Dit-Generation Under Nonuniform Hot-Carrier Injection in MOSFETs -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 1.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Hot-Carrier Degradation Effects for DRAM Circuits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hot-Carrier Degradation in MOSFETs -- 2.3 Hot Carrier Impact on Circuit Operation -- 2.4 Circuit Hot-Electron Effect Simulation -- 2.5 ESD Latent Damage and Hot-Electron Reliability -- 2.6 Future Issues -- 2.7 Conclusions -- 2.8 Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Hot Carrier Design Considerations in MOS Nonvolatile Memories -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hot Carriers and EPROM -- 3.3 Hot Carriers and Flash Memory -- 3.4 Hot Carriers and Floating-Gate-Type EEPROMs -- 3.5 Hot Carriers and MNOS-Type EEPROMs -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Hot-Carrier Degradation During Dynamic Stress -- 4.1 The Problem of AC Hot-Carrier Degradation -- 4.2 Discussion of Transient Effects -- 4.3 Dynamic Degradation in Circuits -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix I On the Mathematical Formalism of the Hot-Carrier Currents in Semiconductor DevicesCheng T. Wang -- A1.1 Introduction -- A1.2 Mathematical Formalism -- A1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix II Non-Local Field Effects on Carrier Transport in Ultra-Small-Size Devices Cheng T. Wang -- A2.1 Introduction -- A2.3 Drift Velocity as a Function of Distance -- A2.4 A Comparative Study of Field Effect on Drift Velocity -- A2.5 Conclusion -- A2.6 Acknowledgments -- References.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461572961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Engineering geology. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction and Overview -- 1.1 Need for Trenchless Technology -- 1.2 Horizontal Boring Techniques -- 1.3 General Procedures -- 1.4 Selection of Method -- 1.5 Limitations -- 1.6 Future Outlook -- 1.7 Looking Ahead -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Early Underground Work -- 2.2 The Stimulus of the Industrial Revolution -- 2.3 Early Trenchless Methods—1890–1960 -- 2.4 Trenchless Methods—1960–1985 -- 3 Creating the Hole -- 3.1 Thrust Boring -- 3.2 Impact Moling -- 3.3 Impact Ramming -- 3.4 Rock Hammer -- 3.5 Auger Boring -- 3.6 Wet/Slurry Boring -- 3.7 Fluid Jet Cutting -- 3.8 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 3.9 Rotary/Directional Drilling -- 4 Steerable Horizontal Boring -- 4.1 Methods of Steering the Bit -- 4.2 Available Systems -- 4.3 Planning the Job -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.5 Preventing and Controlling Problems -- 5 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 5.1 Pipe Jacking -- 5.2 Microtunnelling -- 6 On-Line Replacement and Structural Renovation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Options -- 6.3 On-Line Replacement -- 6.4 Renovation -- 7 Instrumentation Systems for Guided Boring -- 7.1 Unguided Systems -- 7.2 Guided Boring -- 7.3 Guidance Instrumentation Systems -- 7.4 Equipment Selection -- 7.5 Needs and Future Trends -- 8 Economics of Trenchless Technology -- 8.1 Economic Costs -- 8.2 Open-Cut Method -- 8.3 Economic Studies and Models -- 8.4 Effect of Drilling Rate -- 8.5 System Utilization -- 9 Investigation, Routing, and Location -- 9.1 Selection of Trenchless Equipment -- 9.2 Planning and Design of Project -- 9.3 Job Implementation and Precautions -- 10 Case Histories -- 10.1 Case History 1: Horizontal Drilling -- 10.2 Case History 2: Guided Piercing Tool -- 10.3 Case History 3: Microtunnelling -- 10.4 Case History 4: Pipeline Insertion Machine -- 10.5 Case History 5: UTILX Guidedril Tunnelling Machine -- 10.6 Case History 6: Microtunnelling -- 10.7 Case History 7: Renovation -- 11 Future Needs -- 11.1 The Future in Perspective -- 11.2 Attitudes and Awareness -- 11.3 Technical Needs.
    Abstract: In the past decade, the field of trenchless technology has expanded rapidly in products, equipment, and utilization. This expansion would not have occurred without a strong increase in economic incentives to the user. Because the operating environment has changed, trenchless technology is often the preferred alternative to traditional methods of digging holes and installing conduits. The infrastructure in which we live has become more congested and has to be shared by several users. In addition, the cost of restoring a road or landscaped area after construction may be higher than the cost of installing the conduit. These factors add to the need for trenchless technology-the ability to dig holes without disturbing the surface. In some ways, trenchless technology is a futuristic concept. Ruth Krauss in a children's book of definitions wrote, "A Hole .. .Is to Dig." But this statement is not necessarily true. Today, a hole could be to bore.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction and Overview1.1 Need for Trenchless Technology -- 1.2 Horizontal Boring Techniques -- 1.3 General Procedures -- 1.4 Selection of Method -- 1.5 Limitations -- 1.6 Future Outlook -- 1.7 Looking Ahead -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Early Underground Work -- 2.2 The Stimulus of the Industrial Revolution -- 2.3 Early Trenchless Methods-1890-1960 -- 2.4 Trenchless Methods-1960-1985 -- 3 Creating the Hole -- 3.1 Thrust Boring -- 3.2 Impact Moling -- 3.3 Impact Ramming -- 3.4 Rock Hammer -- 3.5 Auger Boring -- 3.6 Wet/Slurry Boring -- 3.7 Fluid Jet Cutting -- 3.8 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 3.9 Rotary/Directional Drilling -- 4 Steerable Horizontal Boring -- 4.1 Methods of Steering the Bit -- 4.2 Available Systems -- 4.3 Planning the Job -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.5 Preventing and Controlling Problems -- 5 Pipe Jacking and Microtunnelling -- 5.1 Pipe Jacking -- 5.2 Microtunnelling -- 6 On-Line Replacement and Structural Renovation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Options -- 6.3 On-Line Replacement -- 6.4 Renovation -- 7 Instrumentation Systems for Guided Boring -- 7.1 Unguided Systems -- 7.2 Guided Boring -- 7.3 Guidance Instrumentation Systems -- 7.4 Equipment Selection -- 7.5 Needs and Future Trends -- 8 Economics of Trenchless Technology -- 8.1 Economic Costs -- 8.2 Open-Cut Method -- 8.3 Economic Studies and Models -- 8.4 Effect of Drilling Rate -- 8.5 System Utilization -- 9 Investigation, Routing, and Location -- 9.1 Selection of Trenchless Equipment -- 9.2 Planning and Design of Project -- 9.3 Job Implementation and Precautions -- 10 Case Histories -- 10.1 Case History 1: Horizontal Drilling -- 10.2 Case History 2: Guided Piercing Tool -- 10.3 Case History 3: Microtunnelling -- 10.4 Case History 4: Pipeline Insertion Machine -- 10.5 Case History 5: UTILX Guidedril Tunnelling Machine -- 10.6 Case History 6: Microtunnelling -- 10.7 Case History 7: Renovation -- 11 Future Needs -- 11.1 The Future in Perspective -- 11.2 Attitudes and Awareness -- 11.3 Technical Needs.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461534501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 274 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer networks . ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Local ATM -- Architecture of Local and Metropolitan ATM Networks: New Trends -- Supercomputer Communications as an Application for ATM Local Area Networks -- Gigabit Local Area Networks -- Congestion Control I -- An Overview of Bandwidth Management Procedures in High-Speed Networks -- Performance of the Buffered Leaky Bucket Policing Mechanism -- Congestion Control II -- Explicit Foward Congestion Notification in ATM Networks -- A Novel Architecture and Flow Control Scheme for Private ATM Networks -- Gateway Congestion Controls in High-Speed Backbone Networks -- Standards -- What’s New in B-ISDN Standards? -- Routing -- Routing in ATM Networks -- A Queueing-Network Model for Half-Duplex Routing in Data Communication Networks -- Transport Protocols -- The Xpress Transfer Protocol -- Radiology Communications for Imaging Systems -- High-Speed Transport Protocol Evaluation in the VISTAnet Project -- Traffic Measurements -- Traffic Models for ISDN and B-ISDN Users -- Traffic Characterization in a Wide Area Network -- Telecommunications Software Engineering -- Engineering of Telecommunications Software -- Reliability of Telecommunications Software: Assessing Sensitivity of Least Squares Reliability Estimates -- Software Metrics and the Quality of Telecommunication Software.
    Abstract: TriComm '92 was the fifth in the series of Research Triangle conferences on Computer Communications. This series emerged from a need to provide a forum for the people who are actively involved in Research and Development in the Research Triangle area in which they could present and discuss new ideas in Computer Communications. TriComm '92 was dedicated to High Speed networks. In particular, the program was developed around the following themes: local ATM, preventive and reactive congestion control. routing. transport protocols. traffic measurements, software engineering for telecommunication systems. and standards. I would like to thank all the speakers who agreed to present a paper. and the members of the program committee who patiently refereed the papers despite their busy schedules. I would also like to thank Mr. Ed Bowen, IBM, Research Triangle Park, for covering the expenses for the preparation of the pre-conference proceedings. and Dr. Raif Onvural. IBM, Research Triangle Park, for overseeing the photocopying of the proceedings. I would also like to thank my "Guardian Angel" Ms. Margaret Hudacko. Center for Communications and Signal Processing. State University, who made all the local arrangements. North Carolina Without her help, this conference would have been a complete disaster. Many thanks also go to Norene Miller. Center for Communications and Signal Processing. North Carolina State University. Finally. I would like to thank Mr. Charles Lord, Eastern NC Chapter of the IEEE Communications SOCiety. for providing us with mailing lists.
    Description / Table of Contents: Local ATMArchitecture of Local and Metropolitan ATM Networks: New Trends -- Supercomputer Communications as an Application for ATM Local Area Networks -- Gigabit Local Area Networks -- Congestion Control I -- An Overview of Bandwidth Management Procedures in High-Speed Networks -- Performance of the Buffered Leaky Bucket Policing Mechanism -- Congestion Control II -- Explicit Foward Congestion Notification in ATM Networks -- A Novel Architecture and Flow Control Scheme for Private ATM Networks -- Gateway Congestion Controls in High-Speed Backbone Networks -- Standards -- What’s New in B-ISDN Standards? -- Routing -- Routing in ATM Networks -- A Queueing-Network Model for Half-Duplex Routing in Data Communication Networks -- Transport Protocols -- The Xpress Transfer Protocol -- Radiology Communications for Imaging Systems -- High-Speed Transport Protocol Evaluation in the VISTAnet Project -- Traffic Measurements -- Traffic Models for ISDN and B-ISDN Users -- Traffic Characterization in a Wide Area Network -- Telecommunications Software Engineering -- Engineering of Telecommunications Software -- Reliability of Telecommunications Software: Assessing Sensitivity of Least Squares Reliability Estimates -- Software Metrics and the Quality of Telecommunication Software.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489926531
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Security systems. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Program Design and Initiation -- 3 Comprehensive Descriptive Method -- 4 Quality Ratings Method -- 5 “In/Out” Method -- 6 Difference-from-Control Method (Degree of Difference) -- Appendix 1 Basic Data Analysis Methods -- Graphical Summaries -- Summary Statistics -- Confidence Intervals -- Appendix 2 Statistical Hypothesis Testing -- Type I and Type II Errors -- Example of a Statistical Hypothesis Test -- Appendix 3 The Statistical Design of Sensory Panels -- Randomized (Complete) Block Designs -- Balanced Incomplete Block Designs -- Appendix 4 Multivariate Methods -- Multivariate Summary Statistics -- Principal Components/Factor Analysis -- Cluster Analysis -- Appendix 5 Statistical Quality Control -- Control Charts -- R-Charts -- I-Charts -- Statistical Control Versus Specifications -- Panel Maintenance -- References.
    Abstract: This book addresses an important, but so far neglected, topic: the application of sensory evaluation to quality control. Although several articles have been pub­ lished that have discussed concepts of quality control/sensory evaluation (QC/sen­ sory) programs, Sensory Evaluation in Quality Control is the first publication that addresses this topic in a comprehensive and practical way. This book is com­ prehensive, in that it presents the sensory and statistical information that is needed to design and implement several types of QCfsensory programs at the plant level. The book is practical, in that it provides a step-by-step description of the complete process to implement such programs, and it illustrates this process through real examples encountered by various consumer products companies (e. g. , foods, personal care products, paper products). With this practical information, sensory and quality professionals can design and implement sound QC/sensory programs at the plant level. This book was developed to provide the sensory and quality professional with an overview and guide to apply, in a production facility, the unique techniques that are used to measure sensory responses. Therefore, the book is intended for QC and/or R&D personnel (e. g. , sensory managers and analysts, and quality profes­ sionals) in charge of implementing an in-plant program, as well as for the plant management and plant technical personnel (sensory coordinator and quality pro­ fessionals) who are ultimately responsible for the routine operation of the estab­ lished program.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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