Abstract: Introduction to the Volume -- Part I Theorizing Conservation as a Reflective Practice -- Artworks in Art Museums -- Doing Ethics in Practice: SBMK Platform Meetings -- Part II The Identity of the Art Object -- The Enfolding Object of Conservation: Artwork Identity, Authenticity, and Documentation -- When Old Was New: Rethinking Traditional and Contemporary Art and Their Paradigms of Care -- Languages of Conservation: A Comparison between Internet-based Art and Built Heritage -- No Longer Artwork -- Part III Professional Roles and Identities: Conservators, Curators, and Artists -- Visible Issues. Insights into the Professional Identity of the Conservator -- Conceptual Art and Conservation -- Reinstalling Thomas Hirschhorn’s Doppelgarage (2002): Bridging Gaps between Theory, Practice and Emotion in the Preservation of Installation Artworks -- The Increasing Role of Artists’ Estates in the Preservation of Contemporary Art.-Part IV Documentation and Decision-making in Theory and Practice -- Documenting hybrid mixed media art forms: the role of the audience -- Sharing Knowledge in Art Conservation: From Repository Building to Research Publishing -- Collections of (An)archives: Towards a New Perspective on Institutional Collecting of Contemporary Art and the Object of Conservation -- Decision-Making for the Conservation and Presentation of Thermoelectronic Chewing Gum (1970), a Political Environment by Wolf Vostell -- Part V The Role of Research in the Art Museum -- The Living Process of Conserving Performance: Theory and Practice in the Conservation of Performance-based Artworks at Tate -- Integrating Front-of-House with Behind-the-Scenes Practice in Contemporary Art Conservation -- Is Trust Enforceable? The Conservation of Contemporary Artworks from a Socio-legal Perspective -- Making Time.

Abstract: This open access book investigates whether and how theoretical findings and insights in contemporary art conservation can be translated into the daily work practices of conservators or, vice versa, whether and how the problems and dilemmas encountered in conservation practice can inform broader research questions and projects. For several decades now, the conservation of contemporary art has been a dynamic field of research and reflection. Because of contemporary art’s variable constitution, its care and management calls for a fundamental rethinking of the overall research landscape of museums, heritage institutions, private-sector organizations and universities. At first, this research was primarily pursued by conservation professionals working in or with museums and other heritage organizations, but increasingly academic researchers and universities became involved, for instance through collaborative projects. This book is the result of such collaboration. It sets out to bridge the “gap” between theory and practice by investigating conservation practices as a form of reflection and reflection as a form of practice.

Abstract: Chapter 1 . Arbitration Agreement -- Chapter 2. Parties and Participants -- Chapter 3. Evidence and Substantive Matters. Chapter 4. Public Policy -- Chapter 5. Arbitration and Criminal Proceedings -- Chapter 6. International and Interregional Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in China -- Appendix. 1. Main Official Replies by the Supreme People’s Court Concerning Arbitration in China.

Abstract: This book presents a selection of the latest arbitration cases, materials, and commentaries from China. It aims to provide information on the theory and practice of arbitration combined. It is intended to provide readers with a useful resource to guide them when they encounter actual China-related arbitration cases. This book is a valuable resource for all practitioners concerned with international and foreign-related arbitration matters in China, global law firms, companies engaged in multinational business, jurists, and academics.

Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1 Challenge of Criminal Imputation for Negligence Crime Involving AI to the Traditional Criminal Imputation Theory -- Chapter 2 Theoretical Preconditions of Criminal Imputation for Negligence Crime Involving AI -- Chapter 3 Imputation System for Negligence Crime Involving AI -- Chapter 4. Main Conclusions and Future Prospects.

Abstract: This book provides an in-depth discussion of the theoretical and practical issues of criminal imputation for negligence crime involving artificial intelligence. Accordingly, this study combines the imputation challenges brought about by AI with traditional criminal imputation theory and analyses imputation for negligence crime involving AI from three aspects: the basic principles, structure, and results of imputation for negligence crime involving AI. The traditional theory of imputation is discussed in detail. The readership is a group of people interested in this topic, including, in particular, interested laymen, undergraduate students and postgraduate researchers. The highlights of this book are it identifies the imputation challenges bought about by AI, reveals the theoretical and practical gap in the criminal imputation of negligent crimes involving AI, and provides an in-depth and creative ideas of criminal imputation for the negligent crimes involving AI.

Abstract: What is international economic law -- Subjects of international economic law -- Economic sovereignty and the right to regulate -- Values of international economic law: freedom, equity and security -- Competition, cooperation and development in international economic relations -- Trade Treatment in international economic relations -- Protection and restriction of property -- Exceptions to obligations under international trade and economic rules -- Settlement of international economic and trade disputes.

Abstract: This book focuses on the real themes in various areas of international economic law and explores the key elements behind the written rules. The advantage of this approach is that these themes or elements apply to all types of countries, whether developed or developing, whether market-based or not, and to trade, investment, or other transactions. This book reflects the author's thoughts and views on international economic law and its application based on his experience advising government departments and entities, particularly insights into the U.S.-China trade war from the perspective of a Chinese scholar. This feature makes the book very different from other books published before the U.S.-China trade war or textbooks that simply introduce the relevant subjects and provokes readers to think deeply about the relevant issues.

Abstract: Chapter 1: Several Legal Issues in Cases Involving Foreign Financial Disputes -- chapter 2: International Judicial Cooperation on Cross-border Bankruptcy -- Chapter 3: Legal Issues of Domestic Application of International Treaties -- Chapter 4: Principles& Practice on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments by Chinese Courts -- Chapter 5: Development of E-commerce in China (Bing Cheng) -- Chapter 6: The Future Impact of Conventions on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters in China -- Chapter 7: Application of the Doctrine of Forum non Conveniens in Chinese Courts -- Chapter 8: Jurisdiction by Agreement and the Principle of Actual Connection ( Bing Cheng) -- Chapter 9: Judicial Review of Arbitration Agreement -- Chapter 10: Judicial Review of Arbitration Agreement -- Chapter 11:Decisions on Matters beyond the Scope of Submission to Arbitration and Setting Aside an Arbitral Award -- Chapter 12: Judicial Review of Fraudulent Arbitration -- Chapter 13:Nationality of International Commercial Arbitral Awards -- Chapter 14: Arbitration Practice in China’s Pilot Free Trade Zones (Bing Cheng) -- Chapter 15: Application of Public Policy in Judicial Review of Arbitral Awards.

Abstract: Combining the author's many years of legal practice experience, this book examines the current hot and difficult issues arising in the legal practice of foreign-related commercial disputes in China. The book focuses on the application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“CISG”) in Chinese courts, judicial review of foreign-related arbitral awards, judicial cooperation in cross-border insolvency, and legal relationships in legal disputes over electronic commerce. The book pays close attention to the latest legislative achievements of the international community and their impact on Chinese judicial practice, thus helping to strengthen exchanges and cooperation among countries along the “Belt and Road” and providing more effective rule of law protection for Chinese enterprises “going global”.

Abstract: Basic Theories of Representative System -- History of Representative System -- Representative System and Popular Sovereignty -- Representative System and Electoral System -- Representative System and State Organs -- Representative System and Party System -- Representative System and Interest Groups -- Comparison of Capitalist Parliamentary Systems -- Comparison of Socialist People’s Representative System -- Comparison of Capitalist Parliamentary System and Socialist People’s Representative System.

Abstract: This book demonstrates the social and historical conditions for the existence and development of the representative system and uncovers the laws dictating its occurrence, development and operation. Due to the barriers of language and cultural communication, the understanding of democracy differs in western and Chinese cultures, which leads to many misinterpretations and even bias. The book displays the merits and drawbacks of different forms of democracy on the basis of a comparative study of the different representative systems and argues that different representative systems can co-exist side by side and that the selection of the appropriate form of democracy must reflect the actual conditions in a given country. Therefore, a blind evaluation or criticism is unreliable. The book could provide good opportunities for western scholars to see how the Chinese scholars understand democracy and the representative system, help the westerners to understand the forms of democracy with Chinese characteristics and rationality of the socialist people’s representative system, grasp the true essence of Chinese Constitution and democracy and give up their bias towards China for a better communication and mutual understanding. This book constructs a theoretical framework for studying the representative system and provides a solid foundation for its further research, promoting the improvement and development of constitutional jurisprudence. Even today, the comparative study of the basic theories, system building, and operation of the representative system are of great theoretical significance and practical value in the Chinese political development and reform. The book is primarily intended for graduates and scholars in the areas of constitutional jurisprudence on China and abroad. It is a must-read for constitutional researchers and those who want to know the essential differences between Chinese and Western constitutional jurisprudence.

Abstract: 1. Openness of Government Affairs in China:Development in 2020 and Prospects in 2021 Innovation Project Team on the Rule of Law Index of the Law Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences -- 2. Deepening the Openness of Government Affairs and Building a Transparent Government in Hubei Province Government Affairs Management Office of the Government of Hubei Province -- 3. Investigation Report on Litigation Cases Relating to Government Information Disclosure in Guangzhou Area-Based on the Analysis of 1,168 Cases Handled by Guangzhou Railway Court Since 2016Research Group of the Administrative Tribunal of the Intermediate Court of Railway Transport of Guangzhou Municipality,Guangdong Province -- 4. The Characteristic Mechanism for and Innovative Explorations of the Open Government Work in Xicheng District of Beijing Municipality Project Group on Open Government Work,the Government of Xicheng District of Beijing Municipality -- 5. Promoting Implementation,Standardization,and Service through the Openness of Government Affairs in the Field of Taxation Taxation Publicity Center of the State Administration of Taxation -- 6. The Suzhou Practice of Promoting the Openness of Government Affairs and Servicing Enterprises with the “Policy Calculator” Project Group of the General Office of Suzhou Municipal People‘’s Government -- 7. Report on the Index of Transparency of Government Affairs in Pilot Free Trade Zones in China (2020)—From the Perspective of Information Disclosure on Government Websites of Free Trade Zones Innovation Project Team on the Rule of Law Index of the Law Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences -- 8. Current Situation and Prospect of Government Press Release in China Innovation Project Team on the Rule of Law Index of the Law Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Abstract: The book continues to use quantitative and empirical research methods to summarize and analyze the achievements of government openness in China in 2020. It points out that in 2020, the exploration of standardization and standardization of government affairs openness is accelerating, decision-making openness is making steady progress, and government affairs services, administrative law enforcement, and management results are all making significant progress. However, in the future, it is still necessary to further enhance the awareness of openness, identify the needs of the public, integrate openness into the whole process of government affairs activities, and improve the level of information security. Besides, the book for the first time first carries out a third-party assessment of the government affairs publicity in the national free trade zones and free trade zones, and releases research reports on the publicity of administrative punishment information, government news release, work and production resumption information, and health science popularization information.

Abstract: Introduction -- General views on criminal punishment in China -- The death penalty and its reforms in China and other countries -- The alternative punishment to the death penalty -- General issues concerning life imprisonment -- The approaches of life imprisonment as an alternative to the death penalty in China -- Conclusion.

Abstract: This book presents a study of alternative penalties to the death penalty in China, aiming to promote theoretical exploration of death penalty reform in China as well as long-term penal reform. Currently, China is endeavouring to control the use of the death penalty and is gradually moving towards its abolition. The factors influencing the choice of the punishment option to replace the death penalty are complex and varied and include the traditional punishment culture, penalty concepts, the political system, the punishment system, public opinion and human rights, etc. Given the differences between China and developed Western democratic states, when we examine these influencing factors, we cannot ignore the culture of the punishment and the special political and legislation system in China. In this light, this work examined and analysed the factors that influence the choice of punishment option to replace the death penalty in this special political system with its clearly Chinese characteristics. Criminal policy and public opinion are two significant and typical factors involving obvious political considerations in China. The former normally reflects and carries out the will of the Government as expressed to the national management; the latter responds to the majority of citizens’ view on the current legal system and it is, to a great extent, the basis for national leadership’s running of the country. Even though life imprisonment without release (hereinafter, LWOR) has been stipulated by the Ninth Amendment for the crime of corruption, it should not be the preferable option as the alternative sanction to the death penalty because it is a kind of cruel torture and violates the constitutional principle of human rights protection. On the contrary, life imprisonment with possibility of release (hereinafter, LWPR) would be an option, but the termination mechanisms for inmates should be set out in accordance with the principle of proportional justice; aggravated life imprisonment can be chosen to replace the death penalty in China. In addition, there needs to be improvements made to the relevant criminal systems. By examining China's death penalty reform and long-term imprisonment reform, this book not only explains the methodology of the reform theoretically, but also pays attention to the issues of legislation and judicial practice. This book is of interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of criminal justice, penal reform issues, and crime control in China. .

Abstract: Introduction -- Lawyer Evaluation, Lawyer Speech and Legal Culture -- Theorizing Lawyer Evaluation as a rational speech: a socio-semiotic interpretation -- Locating Lawyer Evaluation in Three Constituents in texts -- Understanding Lawyer Evaluation under Contextual Constraints.

Abstract: This book focuses on the speech style of lawyer talk in contemporary Chinese courtrooms. The topic is intriguing to readers who may wonder how lawyers compete with their opposing counterparts in an adversarial trial system in China. The legal tradition in Confucianism, which advocates harmony in interpersonal relationships, has historically guided the practice of law in China. The book analyses how lawyers manage to compete in this system. Applying the social semiotic view of language in the Hallidayian sense, specifically systemic functional linguistics and its appraisal theory, this study interprets the subjectivity of legal language by lawyers. The speech style in legal argument presentation is described as 'rational'. The exploration of the rational speech style of lawyers is a theoretical and discursive topic. It draws upon Habermasian philosophy of intersubjectivity in legal argumentation and considers the cultural and legal contexts of China as contextual constraints. The key construct of lawyer evaluation is fully captured in this discussion. As a linguistic phenomenon and unit of analysis, discourse can be examined both within local clauses and in larger stretches of talk beyond clauses. Additionally, it serves as an effective means for constructing a rational speech style for lawyers. Most importantly, discourse is a discursive act that negotiates legal arguments in the dynamic speech exchanges of a court trial, which is embedded in a wider social and cultural context. The book showcases instances of lawyer talk in well-documented trials in China and offers a good opportunity for readers to gain a general understanding of courtroom discourse in the Chinese context. It introduces readers with special interests in legal language and the law to the solidarity dimension of legal language and arguments, an alternative to the confrontational or hostile lawyer talk in trials in countries with a common-law system. The analysis presented is refined and the language used is clear, concise, and objective.

Abstract: Introduction to the Book -- Opening Address -- Chapter 1: International Space Law: An Overview -- Chapter 2: Emergency Assistance and Rescue Obligations for Commercial and Private Spacefarers in the Context of the History, Present and Future of Human Spaceflight -- Chapter 3: The Artemis Accords: A New Phase in the Development of Outer Space Law -- Chapter 4: Deconfliction of Space Activities: Lunar Safety Zones -- Chapter 5: Military Activities and Operations in Space: An Unfolding Legal Universe -- Chapter 6: The New Zealand Outer Space and High-altitude Activities Act 2017 and the Statutory Review — A Dance Between International and Domestic Law -- Chapter 7: Transformational Trends in India’s Space Programme -- Chapter 8: Knowing Me, Knowing You: A Critique of the UK Space Strategy -- Chapter 9: LISA: Global Space Science and New Zealand’s Contribution -- Chapter 10: Space Weather: A Global Hazard from Space to New Zealand’s Technological Infrastructure -- Chapter 11: Light Pollution and the Future of Space Science and Astronomy -- Chapter 12: New Zealand’s Growing Space Sector: A Technological and Science Perspective.

Abstract: This book explores multidisciplinary perspectives on critical issues in space from the viewpoints of New Zealand and other nations. It brings together the topics examined at the Otago Foreign Policy School 2022 by both domestic and international experts in the area of space, and includes the opening address on space policy delivered by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to New Zealand’s growing space sector in conjunction with other nations’ perspectives on space. It encompasses space science, military and defence matters, space tourism and astronaut rescue, and international legal and policy frameworks, while taking into account future considerations. Readers such as academics, students, policy advisers, diplomats, government officials and others engaged in the field of space will find value in this book. It will appeal to think tanks and international institutions grappling with the complexities that are presented by the outer space domain.

Abstract: Can China’s Belt and Road Initiative be Reconciled with the EU’s Multilateral Approaches to International Law?-Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann & Giuseppe Martinico -- Pluralism or Cosmopolitanism? Reflections on Petersmann’s International Economic Law Constitutionalism in the Context of China-Tao Li & Zuoli Jiang -- Is Calvo Dead? Wenhua Shan.-Calvo Is Back! Changing Sovereignty and Evolutionary Investment Law in a Leaving and Return of the State Paradigm-Shuo Feng & Wei Shen -- Outward FDI: Determinants and Flows in Emerging Economies: Evidence from China-Mohamad Zreik & Badar Alam Iqbal & Mohd Nayyer Rahman -- BIT by BIT: The Growth of Bilateral Investment Treaties and Their Impact on Foreign Investment in Developing Countries-Jeswald W. Salacuse -- Diversity in the Formulation of Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Agreements-Mujeeb Emami & Rehna Gul -- The 2016 Model Indian Bilateral Investment Treaty: A Critical Deconstruction-Prabhash Ranjan and Pushkar Anand -- The Final 2015 Indian Model BIT: Is This the Change the World Wishes to See?-Grant Hanessian and Kabir Duggal -- Legalizing the ASEAN Way: Adapting and Reimagining the ASEAN Investment Regime-Sungjoon Cho & Jurgen Kurtz -- Comprehensive or BIT or BIT: the ACIA and Indonesia’s BITs-Junianto James Losari -- International Cooperation and Organizational Identities: The Evolution of the ASEAN Investment Regime-Sungjoon Cho & Jurgen Kurtz -- ASEAN Investment Treaties, RCEP, And CPTPP: Regional Strategies, Norms, Institutions, and Politics-Diane A. Desierto -- Addressing the Global Backlash Against Investment Arbitration? A Multilateral Investment Agreement and China-Junqing Chao -- A Multilateral Approach to Investor-State Dispute Settlement Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region-John Riley -- The Elephant In a Dark Room? Russia and the ISDS Reform-Dmitry K. Labin & Alena V. Soloveva -- Two Bites at the Same Apple? ‘Derivative’ ISDS Proceedings in the Revised Korea-US FTA-Jaemin Lee -- China and Investment Treaty Regime: Rule Taker or Rule Maker?-Sheng Zhang -- Investor-State Mediation in a China-EU Bilateral Investment Treaty: Talking About Being in the Right Place at the Right Time-Chunlei Zhao -- Legitimacy Crisis and the ISDS Reform in a Political Economy Context-Shuping Li and Wei Shen.

Abstract: The book focuses on some of the most pressing issues in international investment law in Asia, such as the role of developing countries, the rebalancing between the investors’ rights protection and the host states’ right to regulate, the ISDS reform, among others. The book investigates these issues by looking into the bilateral investment treaties and investment arbitration cases in the region. The readers will benefit from this book’s rich content and wide coverage. For instance, the readers would learn more about Asian states’ Bilateral Investment Treaty law and practice and their standing on international investment law. The book provides a fresh angle to most readers who may be more exposed to the Western perspective on the topic, providing a more complete picture to add to the readers’ understanding of international investment law and in particular its evolution and future possibilities. .

Abstract: Introduction: Convergence and divergence in times of crisis -- Part I: Conceptual and theoretical perspectives -- Terminology -- The concept of legal convergence -- Resisting legal convergence -- Part II: Thematic and jurisdictional case studies 1: private law -- Bankruptcy law in the United States -- Labour law in the United Kingdom -- Consumer law in Ghana -- Family and child law in Chile -- Contract law in Germany -- Part III: Thematic and jurisdictional case studies 2: public law -- Environmental law in China -- Healthcare law in Denmark -- Immigration law in Russia -- Social rights in Australia -- Part IV: Convergence and divergence in context -- Harmonisation and European integration in times of crisis -- International judicial cooperation in times of crisis -- The influence of binding international instruments on domestic laws in times of crisis -- The role of soft law in times of crisis -- Part V: Concluding comments -- Conclusion: Are legal systems converging or diverging?.

Abstract: This book focuses on two main aspects: legal convergence and crises. Despite the abundance of literature on legal convergence over the years, the question of whether legal systems are converging or diverging remains unanswered. This book provides a valuable contribution to questions concerning comparative law, legal convergence, and legal transplants by examining them through the lens of crises. Crises challenge countries’ legal systems and prompt institutional responses to tackle perceived shortcomings in the law. The crises witnessed by the world over the last two decades have highlighted two seemingly contradictory tendencies: (i) increased cooperation and a natural phenomenon of legal convergence as states find common solutions to common problems; (ii) a preference for state-centric solutions, which prioritise domestic interests; rejection of supranational standards and harmonisation efforts; and protection of domestic sovereignty. This book aims to determine whether, in times of crisis, foreign laws, rules, and concepts can transcend countries’ domestic legal systems, or whether states’ responses to crises lead to legal divergence and disintegration. Unlike traditional studies on convergence, this edited volume takes an international and cross-thematic approach, with chapters focusing on how legislation in selected jurisdictions has responded to crises. Therefore, the book’s originality lies in its truly global nature, with chapters and authors surveying jurisdictions in Africa, North and South America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. The breadth of legal areas covered, with a mix of private and public law, also add to its uniqueness. From Russia to Germany and from bankruptcy law to environmental law, the book examines whether, as a result of crises, policy and legal responses have adopted, copied, or implemented features, policies, principles and/or rules from other legal systems (convergence), or have departed from existing legal norms, adopting policies and rules that differ from those of other countries (divergence).

Abstract: AI Laws and Policies -- Theoretical Research on AI and the Rule of Law -- Application of AI in the Rule of Law -- Analysis of Al-Related Cases -- Report on the Development of AI and the Rule of Law -- Expert Interviews on Development of AI and the Rule of Law -- Interviews with AI Companies on the Rule of Law.

Abstract: This book focuses on the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in the world, by collecting and summarizing the information about the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in China and the world, covering topics like AI strategy, policy, law, theoretical research and practical application, etc. It makes an in-depth analysis so as to provide an objective, fair and accurate report. The purpose is to promote the study of AI and law, promote the construction of AI and rule of law system and create an AI and rule of law environment. In particular, it aims to play an active role in promoting the establishment of legislative norms, legal systems, policy systems and ethical norms that are compatible with the innovative development of AI, promoting the implementation of a new generation of national AI development strategies, ensuring the safe, reliable, controllable, healthy and sustainable development of AI. It is hoped that this book may provide useful reference for researchers of AI and law.

Abstract: Introduction. Venturing to Find New Approaches to Heritage in Peril for the 21st Century -- Part I. Cultural Heritage Between Theory, the Past, and the Future -- Ruins as Cultural Heritage. Ethical and Aesthetic Considerations -- Finding the Intangible: Contested Cityscapes, Inclusive Cultural Heritage Determinations, Balancing Stakeholder Interests… Is Urban Property Law Up to the Challenge? -- Should Heritage be Preserved? Examining Contention Over Confederate Monument Removal -- Ruins and Heritages, the Great Mutation of China’s Diplomacy in its Encounter with Europe in the 19th Century -- Cultural Heritage Law and NaturalCultural Paradigms within the Sustainable Development Discourse -- Adopting a Holistic Approach to Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection under the UNESCO World Heritage Convention -- Cultural Heritage and the Conservation and Insecurity Paradigms: International Law in the Pursuit of Social Cohesion -- NFT and Blockchain Technology for a Sustainable Future of Cultural Heritage -- The Virtual Museum: How Technology and Virtual Reality may Help Protect and Promote Cultural Heritage -- The Two Most Important 21st Century Disputes in Cultural Heritage Law -- Part II. Heritage Issues in Times of War and Conflict -- The Protection of Cultural Property in the Case of Armed Conflict: The State of Current and Future Developments in Military Doctrine -- Military Necessity as an Exception in the Context of Cultural Heritage Protection: Exploring the Role Played by the Proportionality Principle -- Cultural Heritage as a Neutral Party: The Role of Neutrality in the Protection of Cultural Heritage During Armed Conflict -- Mens Rea in International Criminal Law: A Look at Eichmann’s Responsibility in the Light of Kant and Arendt -- Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of War: A Study of the Gravity of Protection Rules vs the Weight of Violations -- To Break Their Will to Fight: The Weaponization of Heritage in Modern Irregular Warfare -- Heritage in War: International Criminal Responsibility for the Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict -- Destruction of Natural and Cultural Heritage during the Armed Conflicts: An International Law Perspective -- Facing Heritage Protection in Armed Conflicts, International Institutions and Civil Society -- Armed Non-State Actors and Cultural Heritage Protection under IHL -- Cultural Heritage and International Security through the role of ANSAs -- Part III. Heritage Issues in Times of Peace and Stability -- Law, Vague Legal Terms and Clothing as Everyday Culture -- Eat the Rich: A Rethinking of the Heritage-Crime-Development Nexus -- Mainstreaming Indigenous Peoples’ Human Rights in the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage: The Role and Issues Surrounding of Relevant Global Governance Actors -- The Legal Process of Transformation: Exploring the Interactive Relationship between Cultural Heritage and Geographical Indications (GIs) -- Gender, Traditional Cultural Expressions, and Intellectual Property: Exploring Women’s Empowerment and Cultural Production in Zambia -- Folk Art and Stylized Folk Art from the Perspective of Intellectual Property Law. Analysis of the Example of Two Polish Folk Song and Dance Ensembles, ‘Mazowsze’ and ‘Śląsk’ -- Part IV. Heritage as a Right: From the Fight for Preserving the Past to the Questions of Restitution -- Shrouds of Silence: Dismantling of the Heritage Sites of Middle Eastern Minorities as de facto Erasure of History -- The Consequences of Violence against Women and Children in Armed Conflicts for their Intangible Cultural Heritage. A Diachronic Perspective of Universal Rights of Women -- Cultural Heritage: A Critical Element of the Right to Education and the Right to Identity of Children in Armed Conflict -- Legal Obstacles to Claims for Restitution of Cultural Objects Removed as Spoils of War -- Cultural Heritage Law in the Dock: Protecting Cultural Objects in Un-recognized States and Governments -- Cultural Treasures and their Place of Origin: Crimean Treasures return to Kyiv -- Performing Special Protection: Cultural Heritage in PostWar Kosovo -- Conclusions. Heritage in War and Peace -- Afterword. Return to the First Seminar: Protecting an Invaluable Heritage. The Egyptian Case.

Abstract: This edited collection, which brings together nearly fifty authors from across the globe and various disciplines, makes a valuable contribution to the field of conservation, covering a wide range of topics regarding the protection of heritage in times of war and peace. Uniquely linking the two typically separate perspectives, the book builds on the wealth of discussions that took place during the 2021 and 2022 installments of the international “Heritage in War and Peace” Seminars held in Rome and Montréal, respectively. Issues explored in the volume include but are not limited to questions surrounding the protection of contentious heritages, unsustainability of the current dichotomic cultural/natural heritage protection frameworks, digitalization of heritage, place of heritage in military conflicts, use of heritage by armed non-state actors, indigenous peoples’ relationships with heritage, the intersection of intellectual property (IP) law and heritage, human rights matters linked to heritage protection, and the latest case studies surrounding restitution. Given its scope, the book will be of particular interest not only to practitioners and conservation specialists but also to academics and students in the broader social sciences and humanities, and to all those who hope to preserve our heritage for future generations.

Abstract: The WTO Institutional Structure and Dispute Settlement Practice -- China’s Practice in WTO Dispute Settlement -- China’s Special Member Status in WTO Dispute Settlement Practice -- Application of the Protocol on the Accession of China in WTO Dispute Settlement Practice -- Evaluation and Re-Evaluation of the Features of China’s Practice in WTO Dispute Settlement.

Abstract: This book thoroughly reviews China’s participation in the WTO dispute settlement system with a focus on the interaction between China’s distinctive institutional characters and international legal regime and an aim of not only revealing the Chinese phenomenon but also identifying the Chinese mode and the rationale that lies behind China’s mode change. It further analyzes two fundamental issues China is confronted with. One is the distinctive member status issue of China due to the concurrence of its multiple member status as member state, accessing member state and developing member state. The other is the issue of invoking and applying the special rules of The Protocol on the Accession of China in the WTO dispute settlement. In-depth examination of assorted cases that involve China and representative individual cases thereof, is also provided. Upon the insight into Chinese phenomenon and Chinese issues in the WTO dispute settlement, the book tries to respond to the imminent need of reforming the WTO dispute settlement regime by providing directions that accord with the regular pattern of evolution of international economic law system and pragmatic suggestions that stem from China’s strategic position. This book serves for academics, policymakers, and business practitioners by providing useful insights into the legal, regulatory, and economic issues raised by distinctive character of China in WTO dispute settlement.

Abstract: 1. Xiaojun Chen -- 2. Xiaojun Chen -- 3. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 4. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 5. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 6.Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 7.Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 8. Wenjing An -- 9. Wenjing An -- 10. Wenjing An -- 11. Wenjing An -- 12. Luo Jie -- 13. Luo Jie -- 14.Luo Jie -- 15. Haicong Zuo -- 16. Haicong Zuo -- 17. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 18. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 19. Shu Zhang, Geng Wang -- 20. Shu Zhang, Geng Wang -- 21. Shao Long -- 22. Shao Long -- 23. Shao Long -- 24. Siying Wu Dentons -- 25. Siying Wu Dentons -- 26. Shao Long -- 27. Shao Long -- 28. Shao Long -- 29 -- Shao Long -- 30. Junmin Zhang -- 31. Junmin Zhang -- 32. Junmin Zhang -- 33. Shaotang Wang -- 34. Bruno Zeller -- 35. Bruno Zeller -- 36. Caishun Guo -- 37. Caishun Guo -- 38. Caishun Guo -- 39. Caishun Guo -- 40. Xiaojun Chen -- 41. Xiaojun Chen -- 42. Xiaojun Chen -- 43. Xiaojun Chen -- 44. Yueshan Liu -- 45. Yueshan Liu -- 46. Yueshan Liu -- 47. Kaiwei Cui -- 48. Kaiwei Cui -- 49. Jia Li -- 50. Jia Li -- 51. Yueyi Yang -- 52. Yueyi Yang -- 53. Hongzhi Hu -- 54. Hongzhi Hu.

Abstract: This book focuses on Chinese cases on the CISG decided by Chinese courts of all levels, focusing on 2011 to 2012. During this period, the number of cases grew fast compared to 2006 to 2010. The total number of cases remained relatively low, the reasons of which might be the following: parties were not familiar with the CISG and therefore decided to opt out of it; in addition, the case collection and report systems in China at that time were not as developed as now, rendering many cases inaccessible. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of selected cases. The analysis of those cases is on a case-by-case basis. For each case, an English summary of the judgment is provided. In the comment, the People’s Courts’ approach to the interpretation and application of the CISG is emphasized. Comments of the individual case are written either by scholars or judges or lawyers from international and comparative perspective to discuss the successes and pitfalls of the interpretation and application of the CISG.

Abstract: Overview of the Development of Artificial Intelligence Rule of Law -- Overview of the Development of Artificial Intelligence Rule of Law -- Overview of the Development of Artificial Intelligence Rule of Law -- Essence of Viewpoints of the “2021 World Artificial Intelligence Conference Rule of Law Forum” -- Artificial Intelligence Law and Policy- Theoretical Research on Artificial Intelligence -- Application of Artificial Intelligence Rule of Law -- Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Judicial Cases -- Special Reports on the Development of Artificial Intelligence Rule of Law -- Interviews with Experts on the Development of AI Rule of Law -- Blue Book on AI and the Rule of Law in the World (2022) Research Questionnaire and Analysis.

Abstract: This book focuses on the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in the world, by collecting and summarizing the information about the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in China and the world, covering topics like AI strategy, policy, law, theoretical research, practical application, etc. It makes an in-depth analysis so as to provide an objective, fair, and accurate report. The purpose is to promote the study of AI and law, promote the construction of AI and rule of law system, and create an AI and rule of law environment. In particular, it aims to play an active role in promoting the establishment of legislative norms, legal systems, policy systems, and ethical norms that are compatible with the innovative development of AI, promoting the implementation of a new generation of national AI development strategies and ensuring the safe, reliable, controllable, healthy, and sustainable development of AI. It is hoped that this book provides a useful reference for researchers of AI and law.

Abstract: 1. Introducation -- 2. Cisg and unification of international sales law -- 3.Legal interpretation and uniform interpretation of cisg -- 4.Gap-filling and the uniform interpretation of cisg -- 5. supplemental materials and the uniform interpretation of cisg -- 6.Conclusion.

Abstract: The unification of international commercial law has been a common course for every country of the world. The U.N. Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) is a milestone in creating a uniform law in the field of the international sale of goods. The CISG coordinated divergent political, economic, and legal systems combined different contract laws and set up a comprehensive and independent legal framework for the international sale of goods. This book examines the basic requirements and criteria of the CISG’s interpretation and investigates how to achieve the uniform interpretation of the CISG based on interpretation rules in the CISG and through appropriate legal interpretation approaches. As a comprehensive and uniform legal framework for the international sale of goods, the CISG still has gaps to fill. Therefore, a uniform interpretation in gap-filling is equally important for the CISG. This book discusses gap-filling in the CISG, explains why and how to fill its gaps, clarifies gap-filling approaches, their order of application, and eventually concentrates on general principles and the uniform interpretation of the CISG. Another feature of the book is to discuss the supplementary materials that could be used to assist in the uniform interpretation of the CISG. PICC, foreign cases, UNCITRAL Digest, and the CISG Advisory Council opinions will be examined in detail to see whether and how they can fill the gaps in the CISG and promote its uniform interpretation. Only by clarifying the basic requirements and principles relating to the CISG’s uniform interpretation, can courts and arbitral tribunals correct their attitude toward and practices in the interpretation of the CISG. Only by following the autonomous interpretation approach, can the CISG achieve its goal to unify the sale of goods laws and promote the development of international commerce.

Abstract: 1. The Reform of the IMF and the Origin of Crypto-SDRs -- 2. The realization path of Crypto-SDRs Monetization -- 3. Risks and Regulations in the Early Stage of the Birth of Crypto-SDRs -- 4. Research on Legal Issues in the Mature Period of Crypto-SDRs -- 5. The Impact of Crypto-SDRs and China's Countermeasures -- 6. Conclusion.

Abstract: This book analyzes the concept, theory, rules, and impact of the reform of the international monetary system and Crypto-SDRs and provides a feasibility analysis of the combination of blockchain technology and SDRs. It explores and summarizes the possibility of solving problems such as the inherent defects of the current international monetary system and creatively suggests that the birth of Crypto-SDR will have a positive impact on countries and industries and fields around the world, especially in anti-money laundering, cross-border asset recovery, international payments, banking, insurance, financial auditing, Fintech regulation, etc.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Members’ shareholding: A GDP-based formula -- Chapter 2. Corporate governance: The non-resident Board -- Chapter 3. Operational standards: Environmental and Social Framework 2021 -- Chapter 4. MCDF: A multilateral fund administered by the AIIB -- Chapter 5. The issue of SOEs: Perspectives of AIIB and other institutions.

Abstract: This book reflects the latest legal development of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and makes direct and positive responses—it uses first-hand, authoritative information and makes insightful and persuasive analyses in addressing those concerns. In particular, this book provides nuanced analysis of the following topics: — capital allocation of the AIIB, in comparison with those of Bretton Woods institutions; — dynamic relationship between the shareholder board and management, a central topic of corporate governance for the AIIB and other MDBs; — AIIB’s environmental and social safeguards, including its frontier ESG portfolio investments, in comparison with the World Bank standards; — highly debatable issues relating to the interaction between AIIB, Belt and Road, and MCDF; — comparative study of state-owned enterprises in the laws of AIIB, WTO, ICSID, etc.. This book targets academics, students, policymakers, and business circles who are interested in AIIB, given the bank’s growing importance in the context of global economic governance reforms. First, the book is a must for those who are keen to gain insight into the AIIB. Ten years have passed since the debut of the idea of AIIB in 2013, and the topic has never retreated from the debate of the international community—a major concern is whether a China-led multilateral development bank (MDB) remains to be politically neutral, or professional, and can live up to high standards.

Abstract: As computational power, the volume of available data, IT systems’ autonomy, and the human-like capabilities of machines increase, robots and AI systems have substantial and growing implications for the law and raise a host of challenges to current legal doctrines. The main question to be answered is whether the foundations and general principles of private law and criminal law offer a functional and adaptive legal framework for the “autonomous systems” phenomena. The main purpose of this book is to identify and explore possible trajectories for the development of civil and criminal liability; for our understanding of the attribution link to autonomous systems; and, in particular, for the punishment of unlawful conduct in connection with their operation. AI decision-making processes – including judicial sentencing – also warrant close attention in this regard. Since AI is moving faster than the process of regulatory recalibration, this book provides valuable insights on its redesign and on the harmonization, at the European level, of the current regulatory frameworks, in order to keep pace with technological changes. Providing a broader and more comprehensive picture of the legal challenges posed by autonomous systems, this book covers a wide range of topics, including the regulation of autonomous vehicles, data protection and governance, personality rights, intellectual property, corporate governance, and contract conclusion and termination issues arising from automated decisions, blockchain technology and AI applications, particularly in the banking and finance sectors. The authors are legal experts from around the world with extensive academic and/or practical experience in these areas.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Economic Justifications for Antidumping -- Chapter 3. Historical Development of AD Law based on Protectionist Intent -- Chapter 4. Pre-WTO Era Evolution of Non-market Economy Treatment Rules and Practices -- Chapter 5. WTO Era Non-market Economy Treatment Rules and Practices -- Chapter 6. The Changing International Legal Environment Regarding Non-market Economy Treatment -- Chapter 7. Prospects of Non-market Economy Treatment.

Abstract: This book serves as a comprehensive study of and provides rich insight into non-market economy treatment, including its past, present, and estimated future practices and implications. It explores the introduction of the market and non-market economy dichotomy into international trade law. It traces the origin and development of non-market economy treatment against changing international economic and political background. The book examines this treatment in light of the rationale underlying anti-dumping, reflecting its alleged significance of ensuring fair trade. It in particular investigates the varied non-market economy treatment practices responding concerns of China’s rising as a large state-led economy, analyzing the deviation of NME treatment into an all-in trade tool. The book argues against preconceived bias and unilateral protectionism. It highlights the universal existence of government involvement in the market and proposes objective assessment of its impact on fair trade. Final proposition of the book is depoliticizing trade, reforming comprehensively international trade rules to carefully calibrate different values, including promoting fairness and enhancing global social welfare. It envisages a multi-dimension overhaul of international trade rules to rebalance trade interests, rather than roughly labeling an economy to confer different treatment, the practices of which lead to separation and chaos. The book is of particular relevance and interest to economies-in-transition, and among policy makers, academicians and legal practitioners engaged in trade remedies and trade rules reconstruction.

Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction to Fundamental Rights (Albrecht Weber/Karl-Peter Sommermann/Wolfgang Babeck) -- Chapter 2: Structure of Fundamental Rights Catalogues (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 3: Human Dignity (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 4: Civil Liberties I (Freedom, Life, Liberty, Privacy) (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 5: Civil Liberties II (Freedom of Thought, Expression, Religion, Assembly, Association and Movement) (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 6: Civil Liberties III (Property and Economic Rights, Educational Rights, Arts and Science, Asylum) (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 7: Equality Rights (Monika Florczak-Wątor) -- Chapter 8: Political Rights (Wolfgang Babeck/Diana-Urania Galetta/Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 9: General Judicial Rights (Karl-Peter Sommermann/Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 10: Specific Judicial Rights (Wolfgang Babeck) -- Chapter 11: Rights and Principles of the Economic, Social and Cultural Order (Eberhard Eichenhofer) -- Chapter 12: Global Collective Rights (Eberhard Eichenhofer) -- Chapter 13: Minority Rights (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 14: Rights of the Children, Elderly and Handicapped (Wolfgang Babeck/Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 15: Environmental Rights (Wolfgang Babeck) -- Chapter 16: Constitutional Duties (Wolfgang Babeck) -- Chapter 17: Limitation and Derogation of Fundamental Rights (Albrecht Weber) -- Chapter 18: Judicial Protection of Fundamental Rights (Albrecht Weber).

Abstract: Writing Constitutions intends to serve as a practical manual for those writing constitutions or interested in their design. It is the first systematic and universal approach to coherently capture concepts and contents of a modern constitution. Volume II is a user-friendly guide covering the current best practice in human rights and contains a draft catalogue of human rights. It empowers judges, lawyers, civil rights activists, legislators, and academics to draft and interpret over 70 Human Rights and strengthen democracies. Writing Constitutions comes in three volumes: - Volume I: Institutions - Volume II: Fundamental Rights - Volume III: Constitutional Principles.

Abstract: Introduction to the emerging rights -- Generation of emerging rights: taking the right to outdoor advertising as an example -- Administrative right to know -- Right to information -- Genetic rights -- Sexual rights.

Abstract: This book systematically discusses the contents of the administrative right to know, the right to information, the right to gene, euthanasia and other emerging rights. The purpose of this book is to attract legal scholars to pay attention to these right changes in the process of China's social transformation, analyze the basic laws of right changes under the specific background of China's society and provide a theoretical system model for the establishment of China's legislative right recognition and right relief system. The typical feature of contemporary China is all-round social transformation. In such a transitional period, the construction of democracy, legal system and political system in China is gradually unfolding and developing with its unique mode. In the construction of legal system and the practical operation of legal system, the concept of rights, the thinking of rights and the logic of rights have in fact been running through the social and legal practice in China for decades since the reform and opening up and have always become its background, keynote and background. Its typical realistic symptom is that a large number of rights belong to "new" for "China" the germination and birth of the type. In this context, this book tries to combine the general theory with the specific reality of the right landscape and preliminarily explores and explains the generation mechanism, existence basis, development logic and basic connotation of the "new" types of rights, that is, the main "emerging" or "new" types of rights in the transitional Chinese society. The purpose of this book is to draw the attention of the colleagues in the field of law to the reality of the emergence and development of "emerging" rights in our society. At the same time, taking this as an example, I hope that the colleagues in the field of law can deepen the study of rights, especially from the general and macro-study of rights to the more specific and micro-study of rights.

Abstract: 1 Navigating Law-making and Law Reform in Small Jurisdictions -- Part I Case studies in law-making in small jurisdictions -- 2 A small state, a worldwide jurisdiction: Vatican City State and its legal system -- 3 Small states and constitutional reform: democracy in Malta -- 4 Drafting for effectiveness: Tuvalu's Climate Change Resilience Act 2019 -- Part II International influences and their impact on small jurisdictions -- 5 Mapping the UK's constitutional relationship with Britain's Overseas Territories in the human rights sphere -- 6 The Long Road to a Beneficial Ownership Regime in the Cayman Islands -- 7 Law Reform and Regulated Credit Reporting Systems in Commonwealth Small Island Developing States: a study of Jamaica -- Part III Global perspectives on law-making and law reform in small jurisdictions -- 8 The Challenges and Rewards of Law Drafting in Small States.

Abstract: This book puts the spotlight on a different and neglected aspect of law drafting and reform: the question of size. Specifically, how does the size of a jurisdiction affect its ability to make and change its laws? Some of the challenges affecting small jurisdictions include: a lack of resources and paucity of policy/drafting capacity; the pressures and pull from sources outside the jurisdiction (e.g. international bodies or NGOs; larger states; treaty commitments); a vulnerability to domestic capture (e.g. criminal elements, big local businesses, strong domestic lobby groups); weak/bad governance (e.g. laws or institutions which themselves do not encourage or promote good governance, reflection and reform); the legacy of colonial legal systems and their interaction with indigenous or customary laws; and struggles to comply with constitutional norms such as accountability and transparency. Despite these difficulties small jurisdictions also have certain advantages when it comes to making and reforming law: they can be flexible and creative; they can legislate very quickly if the political will is there; and there is strong informal/formal accountability in a small jurisdiction. This edited collection explores law reform and law drafting in small jurisdictions through the themes of sovereignty; the impact of colonialism and legal plurality; the challenges of harmonising laws at regional and international levels; and constitutional reform. Of use to researchers and practitioners alike.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Multilateral and Unilateral Sanctions -- Chapter 3. Unilateral Export Controls: Goods and Technologies -- Chapter 4. Multilateral Non-proliferation Export Controls -- Chapter 5. Dual Use Items and Export Control -- Chapter 6. National Security and Extra-territorial Jurisdiction -- Chapter 7. Export Control of Military Items -- Chapter 8. Governmental Investigation and Legal Liabilities of Export-related Industries -- Chapter 9. Impacts on Trade and Investment and Compliance Measures. .

Abstract: This book gives practical and in-depth presentation and analysis of the issues under China export control law and economic sanctions regime. This book not only addresses issues faced by the legal entities in China, but also attends to the concerns about Chinese extra-territorial jurisdiction of China export control law and sanctions legislations, on the part of foreign companies. Finally, the author shares his experiences on how to structure export control and sanctions compliance under Chinese law on the part of both Chinese and foreign companies. .

Abstract: Law and Political Economy -- The Economy and the Rule System before the Reform -- The Paternalistic Role of Law, 1978-1991 -- The Facilitative Role of Law, 1992-2001 -- The Integrative Role of Law, 2002-2011.

Abstract: This book concerns how China's legal institutions promoted its economic growth and demonstrates that the law has played different roles at various stages of China's economic transformation, a signal of legal paradigm shifts in reaction to the changing political and economic pursuits. By decomposing the role of law in the process, the author argues that while the Chinese economy was transforming from a planned economy to a market-oriented one, the law also made its adjustment as a response—the Chinese legal system was evolving from the one consisting of primarily substantive laws to the one filled with high-level formal laws by the end of the last century. The above observation of legal formalization is further consolidated by introducing the particularities of China's legal education in those years—a topic rarely dealt with yet of significance to comprehensively understand the Chinese legal system in practice. Overall, the present book argues against the modernization theory and determinism that would anticipate a similar developmental path globally and shows that the relationship between law and economic development is contingent. Therefrom, this study weighs in the law and development debate and breaks a perception of static law in the economy by rejecting the conventional perception of established legal institutions as a precondition of modernity. Hence, this book could appeal to legal scholars and sociologists interested in reevaluating western theories of free economy and its relationships to the law. In addition, scholars interested in research methodology would find the perspective of paradigm shifts in interpreting China's transformations a helpful analytical framework in research. Moreover, policymakers and legislators concerned about the characteristics of law for economic results would also find the book useful.

Abstract: 1. What is AI Ethics Management and Why Does it Matter? -- 2. AI Can Injure People and Damage Business Reputation -- 3. Why Companies Pursue AI Ethics Management -- 4. How to Draw Substantive Lines Between Ethical, and Unethical, Uses of AI -- 5. Management Structures and Processes for Achieving Responsible and Ethical AI -- 6. The Next Stage: AI for the Social Good -- 7. Conclusion.

Abstract: This open access book explains how leading business organizations attempt to achieve the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced information technologies. These technologies can produce tremendous insights and benefits. But they can also invade privacy, perpetuate bias, and otherwise injure people and society. To use these technologies successfully, organizations need to implement them responsibly and ethically. The question is: how to do this? Data ethics management, and this book, provide some answers. The authors interviewed and surveyed data ethics managers at leading companies. They asked why these experts see data ethics as important and how they seek to achieve it. This book conveys the results of that research on a concise, accessible way. Much of the existing writing on data and AI ethics focuses either on macro-level ethical principles, or on micro-level product design and tooling. The interviews showed that companies need a third component: data ethics management. This third element consists of the management structures, processes, training and substantive benchmarks that companies use to operationalize their high-level ethical principles and to guide and hold accountable their developers. Data ethics management is the connective tissue makes ethical principles real. It is the focus of this book. This book should be of use to organizations that wish to improve their own data ethics management efforts, legislators and policymakers who hope to build on existing management practices, scholars who study beyond compliance business behavior, and members of the public who want to understand better the threats that AI poses and how to reduce them.

Abstract: Transformations: An Introduction to this volume and reflections on uniform law conventions as public and private law -- Part One – European framework – the world we live in -- Six Very Strange Years -- Brave New World: Dispute resolution under the EU – UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement -- Brexit and Arbitration Agreements -- Transnational commercial litigation. Discussing the 2020 Model Rules and the 2019 Hague and 2018 Singapore Conventions -- Style and Form of Judgments in France : enter the Rapporteur public -- The Norwegian Concept of “Room for Manoeuvre”: A Nail in the EEA’s Coffin -- The Reach of Free Movement: The Right to Export Sickness Benefits Within the European Union and the European Economic Area -- Part Two– Transformations in public international law -- General Principles of Law in International Law and Common Law -- The Chorzow Factory Case and the Protection of Industrial Property under International Law -- Settlement of disputes by the International Court of Justice: twosouls in the Court’s breast -- A Developing Field of Activity: Reparation for Breaches of Human Rights in the Case Law of the International Court of Justice -- The jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice between utilitas publica and utilitas singulorum (1947-1962) -- The Factory of Chorzów case: a bridge between international law and private law -- Part Three – Transformations in private law – method and public policy -- Fundamental rights, freedoms and contract law. Comparing legal systems -- Poverty in the capitalistic legal order -- Hayek in Brussels. Uniform Private Law and neo-liberal orthodoxy -- Another Europe after the pandemic? Reflections on solidarity and the nature of private rights -- Ruling economic contractual relations: the predictability of pandemics and of their implications -- Part Four – Transformations in contract law -- The developing role of good faith and the emerging concept of a relational contract -- Trust and the (EU) Capital Market. Theory and Case Studieson a New Mesotes in Business Law -- The fiduciary entrustment contract -- Spunti di riflessione in tema di diligenza e autonomia privata nel diritto privato italiano -- La prudenza come paradigma conoscitivo nei sistemi di civil law: l’influsso sulla formazione del giurista -- Europe needs a true business law. What does that mean? -- Some Reflections on the Nature of Decentralized (Autonomous) Organizations -- Contract automation from telematic agreement to smart contracts -- Some considerations for research on the sale of movable goods -- The French Model and the Development of Authors’ Rights -- The control of contract power and standard terms in Italy and Canada: a comparative overview -- Part Five – Transformations in tort law -- Forty Years of travels in the province of the law of tort. A memoir -- Damages and Benefits: new rules for the Compensatio Lucri cum Damno doctrine -- A Flower Never Blossomed: The Overshadowed Silhouette of Privacy in the Realm of the English Law of Tort -- Artificialintelligence and liability: the strategy of the European Union -- Damages liability caused by robot and artificial intelligence: a question of safety -- Artificial Intelligence And Tort Liability -- Part Six – Transformations in EU law – tort, remedies and interventions -- The EU, the Member States and Damages Liability -- Supervisory liability for surveillance failure in the EU financial system -- EU Financial Regulation and Private Law: Towards a Holistic Approach -- The remedies of retail clients of investment firms in the light of the decisions of the Italian Financial Ombudsman -- Consumer protection extended to commonholds in the view of the Court of Justice of the European Union -- Financial resilience issues in agriculture -- Part Seven – Digitalised world – assets, privacy and party autonomy -- International Regulatory Competition in Crypto Finance and Comparative Discussions -- The role of the EU Court of Justice in relation to the European law on eCommerce and liability of Internet Service Providers -- Smart contracts in the financial sector: Fintech's prospects and risks -- Legal protection of the human personality and the emergence of digital identity. The case of Italy -- A Multifaceted Issue Called “Big Data”: Different views on Privacy, Consumer Protection and Free Trade in Search for a Synthesis -- Data and Territory. The impact of the “local” in the regulation of digital technologies and algorithmic decision-making -- Informed Consent in Italian Digitalized Insurance Contracts. From the Privacy Shield to Schrems II.

Abstract: Eminent lawyers from academia, international judiciary and legal practice join up to honour Professor Mads Andenas KC (Hon). Contributions form a cutting edge volume across legal disciplines led by an advisory editorial committee including Prof. Guido Alpa, Prof. Carl Baudenbacher, Prof. Eirik Bjorge, Prof. Giuseppe Conte and Prof. Duncan Fairgrieve. The general private law of tort and delict is subject to a transformation where the traditional national framework is becoming gradually less relevant. Much of the modernisation of private law takes place not at the domestic level but at a European or international level such as in international commercial conventions or EU consumer protection legislation. Remedies in regulatory law are becoming ever more important. The role of the European Court of Justice in developing general principles of contract and tort is ever increasing. Tort liability is an important subject of international conventions with the case law of the International Court of Justice developing general principles of tort liability in public international law.

Abstract: Introduction -- Part I: General aspects of the rule of law and populism in the European Union -- 1. Historical Perspectives on the Democratic Deficit(s) -- 2. Populism and segmentation in contemporary Europe -- 3. Democracy in Europe: Between a Rock and Hard Place -- 4. Populism, human rights, and (un-)civil society -- 5. The Epistemic Vices of Democracies in the Age of Populism -- 6. Too Little, But Not Too Late? Assessing the Role of Sanctions in the EU's Rule of Law Conflict with Poland -- Part II: Political perspectives on populism and the rule of law in key political contexts -- 7. The rule of law as a cornerstone of anti-populism: European institutions, populists, and the people in European Parliament debates -- 8. Democracies Under Pressure in Pandemic Times: The Relationship between State of Emergency and Rule of Law in Angela Merkel and Victor Orbán’s Political Communication -- 9. Gender rights and opposition to Populism -- 10. Left populism and the rule of law. Notes based on the Greek and Ecuadorian experiences -- 11. Predictors of populism and anti-populism in France and Poland: A comparative analysis -- Part III: Legal Perspectives on the Rule of Law in the European Union and Threats Posed by its Violation -- 12. The Principle of Legality as a Pillar of the EU's Rule of Law: Bridging the Gap Between International and National Law -- 13. Conditional or sustainable? The rule of law and judiciary reforms in the Western Balkans -- 14. EU social policy, social partners, and the rule of law -- 15. Climate change litigation and the rule of law in the European Union -- 16. The EU Sustainable corporate governance initiative and the rule of law -- Conclusions. .

Abstract: This book reflects on the nature of the rule of law in the European Union and the present and future consequences of the attacks that are undermining it. Presenting various case studies, it analyses violations of the rule of law and their impact on the quality of European democracy and on the workings of civil and political society. Written from an interdisciplinary perspective, the book connects legal aspects related to infringements of the rule of law with their political and sociological consequences at both a general and the EU level. The book is divided into three parts. The first focuses on the rule of law in the European context and the threats to democracy posed by its violations. It examines how populist movements and parties utilize the erosion of the checks and balances in liberal democracies to weaken resisting intermediate bodies, such as dissenting civil society groups. The second part concentrates on the political perspectives, which it approaches both in terms of its general features and through a set of case studies related to violations of the rule of law. The third part provides a legal perspective on these issues and examines the impact of the rule of law and its infringement in several areas, impacting both the internal and external dimensions of the EU.

Abstract: Introduction by Mareike Fröhlich, Thomas Giegerich and Dragica Vujadinovic -- Part I Gender in a General Context: Gender Issues in Comparative Legal History by Una Divac, Maurilio Felici, Pietro Lo Iacono, Nina Kršljanin and Vojislav Stanimirović -- Feminist Political and Legal Theories by Antonio Álvarez del Cuvillo, Fabio Macioce and Sofia Strid -- Gender and Structural Inequalities from a Socio-legal Perspective by Eva Bermúdez Figueroa, Valerija Dabetić , Raquel Pastor Yuste and Zara Saeidzadeh -- Feminist Judgments by Marco Evola, Ivana Krstic and Fuensanta Rabadán Sánchez-Lafuente -- Gender Research and Feminist Methodologies by Zara Saeidzadeh -- Part II Gender in a Public Context: Human Rights Law through the Lens of the Gender Perspective by Marco Evola, Julia Jungfleisch and Tanasije Marinkovic -- The Evolving Recognition of Gender in International and European Law by Rigmor Argren, Marco Evola, Thomas Giegerich and Ivana Krstic -- Gender Equality Aspects on Public Law by Marko Davinic, Eleonor Kristoffersson and Tanasije Marinkovic -- Gender Perspective of Social Security Law by MªAngustias Benito and Carmen Jover Ramírez -- Gender Equitable Taxation by Marco Cedro, Eleonor Kristoffersson, Teresa Ponton Aricha and Lidija Živković -- Public Policies on Gender Equality by Vanesa Hervías Parejo and Branko Radulović -- Gender Competent Criminal Law by María Acale Sánchez, Ivana Marković and Susanne Strand -- Gender Perspective of Victimization, Crime and Penal Policy by Beatriz Cruz, Natalija Lukić and Susanne Strand -- Part III Gender in a Private Context: Gender Equality in the Different Fields of Private Law by Amalia Blandino, Letizia Coppo, Gabriele Carapezza Figlia, Snežana Dabic and Katarina Dolovic -- Gender Competent Family Law by Ivana Barac, Amalia Blandino, Letizia Coppo, Giampaolo Frezza, Uros Novakovic, Fuensanta Rabadán and Zara Saeidzadeh -- Labour Law and Gender by Thais Guerrero Padrón, Ljubinka Kovačević and Mª Isabel Ribes Moreno -- Integrating Gender Equality in Economics and Management by Lydia Bares Lopez, Francesca Costanza, Manuela Ortega Gil and Sofia Strid -- Gender, Business and the Law by Mareike Fröhlich, Tatjana Jevremović Petrović and Jelena Lepetić.

Abstract: Organizing-for-innovation -- The board of directors as a missed opportunity -- Mobilizing institutional investors -- Corporate venturing strategies to foster innovation -- Corporate governance and new technology -- Blockchain and the disruption of the corporation -- The future of the corporation -- Regulation tomorrow. .

Abstract: This book argues that large corporations need to implement governance practices and processes that make them better innovators and that the challenge is to identify organizational principles and practices that provide the best chance of delivering innovative products to create a meaningful consumer experience. In this context, it is important to recognize that when we address organizational forms, we are not thinking of corporate governance in the sense of managing agency costs and ensuring regulatory compliance, but the more pressing business task of putting in place organizational systems and processes that facilitate value creation through continued and sustained innovation. The book examines how the contemporary concept and discourse of corporate governance may be obsolete or, at least, is increasingly disconnected from the needs and realities of the most innovative firms today. The concept of organizing for innovation—identifying process and practices that deliver the best opportunities for innovation—needs to take centre stage. This book aims to contribute to the nascent debate in this area by bringing together a series of chapters that examine various issues related to organizing for innovation.

Abstract: Setting the Scene: Approach and Methodology -- Peculiarities of the Art Market -- Fraud, Forgery and Authentication -- Remedies: Regulation and New Initiatives -- Conclusions and Recommendations.

Abstract: This book addresses practical issues in connoisseurship and authentication, as well as the legal implications that arise when an artwork’s authenticity is challenged. In addition, the standards and processes of authentication are critically examined and the legal complications which can inhibit the expression of expert opinions are discussed. The notion of authenticity has always commanded the attention of art market participants and the general art-minded public alike. Coinciding with this, forgery is often considered to be the world’s most glamorous crime, packed with detective stories that are usually astonishing and often bizarre. The research includes findings by economists, sociologists, art historians, lawyers, academics and practitioners, all of which yield insights into the mechanics and peculiarities of the art business and explain why it works so differently from other markets. However, this book will be of interest not only to academics, but to everyone interested in questions of authenticity, forgery and connoisseurship. At the same time, one of its main aims is to advocate best practices in the art market and to stress the importance of cooperation among all disciplines with a stake in it. The results are intended to offer guidance to art market stakeholders, legal practitioners and art historians alike, while also promoting mutual understanding and cooperation.

Abstract: Part I: Antitrust in Data Driven Markets -- International Report -- Australia -- Austria -- Belgium -- France -- Germany -- Hungary -- Norway -- Switzerland -- United Kingdom -- Part II: Legal Framework for Influencers, Native Advertising and Control over the use of AI in Marketing -- International Report -- Austria -- Brazil -- Germany -- Hungary.

Abstract: This book gathers contributions from a broad range of jurisdictions, written by practitioners and academics alike, and offers an unparalleled comparative view of key issues in competition law, intellectual property and unfair competition law, with a specific focus on the use of personal data. The first part focuses on the role of competition law in shaping the digital economy. It discusses the use of personal data, the market power of platforms, the assessment of free services, and more broadly the responsibility of dominant companies in the smooth functioning of the digital economy. In turn, the second part sheds light on how the conduct of influencers, native advertising and the use of AI for marketing purposes can be controlled by the law, focusing on the use of personal data and the impact of behavioral advertising on consumers. In this regard, the book brings together the current legal responses across a number of European and other countries, all summarized and elaborated on in the form of two international reports. The LIDC is a long-standing international association that focuses on the interface between competition law and intellectual property law, including unfair competition issues.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Overview -- Chapter 2. The Making of the Internet Treaties -- Chapter 3. Making of DMCA (U.S. Implementation Legislation) -- Chapter 4. New Technologies Unleash Creative Destruction -- Chapter 5. The Making of EUCD and Its Transposition into National Laws of Member States -- Chapter 6. The Making of Canadian Implementation Legislation -- Chapter 7. Making of the Indian Implementation Legislation -- Chapter 8. The Romance of the Public Domain -- Chapter 9. Social Production and Distribution of Content -- Chapter 10. User Generated Content and Users’ Rights -- Chapter 11. New Intermediaries and Their Regulation -- Chapter 12. WIPO’s Policy Environment and Performance (1997-2021).

Abstract: The book explores the WIPO journey so far and looks at how relevant the treaties are in contemporary world after 25 years of their existence. It revisits the WIPO Diplomatic Conference, narrates briefly how the Internet Treaties came into being, describes all the developments germane to the Internet Treaties over the last twenty-five years and examines at length how well these treaties withstood the creative gales of destruction having a bearing on the production, distribution and consumption of digital content. The retrospective consists of two parts. The first part looks back at the conference, its course of events, its negotiation dynamics, the doctrinal differences and sharply conflicting economic interests underlying the stands taken by the main parties to negotiations and the national and transnational interest groups that sought to influence the negotiation process and outcomes. The second part reflects on the outcomes and assesses with the wisdom of hindsight, how appropriate the outcomes were and how well they withstood the passage of time. This second aspect is the main focus of this book. The retrospective is limited to the digital agenda of DipCon; but for the digital agenda, the DipCon is convened so soon and the Internet Treaties concluded so fast. The book provides rich material for researchers studying the WIPO journey and also the practitioners by throwing light on discussions that led to a treaty that has in general withstood the trials of time. .

Abstract: .-Insurance Developments in the Light of the Occurrence of the COVID-19 Pandemic.-Understanding Parametric Insurance: A Potential Tool to Help Manage Pandemic -- Business Interruption Insurance and COVID-19: A Critical Analysis of the Jurisprudence and the Response of the Spanish Insurance Sector -- COVID-19 and Business Interruption Coverage in the U.S.: an Example of Judicial Regulation -- American Exceptionalism: The COVID-19 Insurance Experience -- Business as (Un-) Usual. The Evolution of German Insurance Law and Especially Insurance Supervisory Law in the Time of COVID-19 -- Impact of COVID-19 on the Latin American Insurance and Reinsurance Market -- COVID-19 Treatment Refusal: Medical Liability Insurance in Greece in light of the Oviedo Convention -- The Influence of COVID-19 on Life insurance. Polish Market Perspective -- Impact of COVID-19 on Travel and Health Insurance -- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sports Industry and Sports Insurance. Case of Novak Djokovic and Australian Open Tennis Tournament 2022 -- Directors & Officers Insurance and COVID-19: Future Exclusions with Retroactive Application.

Abstract: This book offers a novel study on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on insurance from an international and comparative perspective. It assesses how insurance has to adapt to a new landscape, the effects of which will last over time and cut across all areas of the field. To avoid physical contact, digitalisation has accelerated dramatically, affecting insurance in all its phases: risk selection, underwriting, pricing and claims settlement. However, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic go far beyond that. The extent to which a claim caused directly or indirectly by the virus is or is not covered by a given policy has been the subject of debate in many insurance branches. The most litigated cases worldwide are those that concern damages resulting from business interruption due to restrictions enforced by the authorities in virtually every country. This book analyses the rulings (for and against the insured) that have already been handed down by courts in various jurisdictions (for example in the US, Latin America, Spain and Germany), in order to provide guidance to the parties in future lawsuits and also to guide the courts’ own responses. This analysis extends to the measures that governments have taken in relation to insurance during the pandemic, as well as the changes that insurers have introduced in their general conditions to exclude coverage for the pandemic. This response is unsatisfactory, as the big question is how pandemic-related risks can be covered if private insurers simply refuse to do so. Solutions based on risk sharing with public entities or the use of contractual modalities such as parametric insurance are among those outlined by the authors. The book was written by experts from academia and lawyers specialising in this field, and written for all those interested in the field of insurance: lawyers, judges, academics and legal professionals.

Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction: an overview of the ‘developing country status’ debate, Xiaowen Tan -- Chapter 2: Legal analysis and countermeasures of the divergence of ‘SDT clauses’, Prof. Lei Zhang and Yiming Li -- Chapter 3: WTO Accession and Subsidization Reform in China, Xiaowen Tan -- Chapter 4: Restructuring of Rules: Improvement and Perfection of the Status of Developing Countries and Graduation Clauses under WTO Reform, Qingyun Jiang -- Chapter 5: Evolution of China's Competition Policy: The Experience of a Developing Transition Economy, Pinguang Ying -- Chapter 6: Modelling the Economic Impact of RCEP on Developing Countries—A Computable General Equilibrium Approach, Yue Jiang -- Chapter 7: Implications for Resolving FRAND-rate Disorder in the Digitized World Trade Arena, Yang Yu. .

Abstract: This book discusses the most recent developments in the WTO regime. Issues such as E-commerce, security exception clause, China's compliance with the WTO obligations, sustainability development, IP protection in FTZs, trade controls and etc., are at the forefront of WTO studies. These issues strongly influence people's understanding of the current role of WTO and provides possible way to revitalize the function of WTO. Meanwhile, as the world's second largest economy, the world's largest trading nation and the holder of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, China is apparently a powerful figure in leading these issues. Therefore, this book explores extensively these issues from a Chinese perspective to see what China could do to reboost the world trade.

Abstract: 1. Portugal and Iceland: Foreign policy constructed by smallness? -- 2. Portugal, the European Union and Shelter Theory -- 3. A Reluctant European: Iceland and European integration -- 4. Portugal and NATO: enduring alliance or necessary shelter? -- 5. The Small State and the Superpower: Iceland’s Relations with the United States -- 6. Iceland´s Relations with the Nordic States -- 7. Portugal’s contemporary relations with Africa: a limited shelter? -- 8. Sino-Icelandic Relations -- 9. The many shades of shelter: Portugal and Iceland´s quest for political, economic and societal shelter.

Abstract: The fourth volume of the Balkan Yearbook of European and International Law (BYEIL) presents nine new articles offering scholarly insights into a variety of legal issues, with a special focus on the countries of Southeast Europe. All six articles in the special section reflect the authors’ efforts to untangle difficult questions concerning family property in private international law. Addressing a range of topics, leading national experts in the respective areas discuss Bosnian and Herzegovinian, Croatian, Greek, Lithuanian and Turkish law. In turn, the general sections on European law and international law include three articles on diverse topics in private and public law, from a fresh take on the legal and practical effects of Brexit over EUTMs, and the legal nature of cryptocurrencies in different jurisdictions, to difficulties establishing the rule of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract: Marius Mikkel Kjølstad and Sören Koch, Introduction -- Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde, Legal Culture – Ideas of and Expectations to Law made Operational by Institutional(-like) Practices -- Tina Soliman Hunter, An Introduction to Australian Legal Culture -- Konrad Lachmayer and Niklas Sonntag, An Introduction to Austrian Legal Culture -- Bruno Debaenst, An Introduction to Belgian Legal Culture -- Lana Bubalo, An Introduction to the Legal Cultures of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia (Western Balkan) -- JIANG Dong, An Introduction to Chinese Legal Culture -- Catalina Vallejo Piedrahíta, Tania Luna Blanco and Olga Velásquez Ocampo, An Introduction to Colombian Legal Culture -- Niels Graaf, An Introduction to Dutch Legal Culture -- Christian N.K. Franklin, A Legal Cultural “Take” on the Legal System of England & Wales -- Merike Ristikivi, Andreas Kangur, Irene Kull, Katre Luhamaa, Marin Sedman †, Hesi Siimets-Gross and Age Värv, An Introduction to Estonian Legal Culture -- Eyob Awash Gebremariam and Mulu Beyene Kidanemariam, An Introduction to Ethiopian Legal Culture -- Johann Ruben Leiss, An Introduction to EU Legal Culture -- Anna Nylund, An Introduction to Finnish Legal Culture -- Sunniva Cristina Bragdø-Ellenes and Iris Nguyên Duy, An Introduction to French Legal Culture -- Sören Koch, An Introduction to German Legal Culture -- Daniel Haitas, An Introduction to Hungarian Legal Culture -- Esmeralda Colombo and Lars Kvestad, An Introduction to Italian Legal Culture -- Monica Naime and Juan Luis Cervantes, An Introduction to Mexican Legal Culture -- Marius Mikkel Kjølstad, Sören Koch and Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde, An Introduction to Norwegian Legal Culture -- Anna Klimaszewska, Anna Machnikowska and Sören Koch, An Introduction to Polish Legal Culture -- Andrew R C Simpson, An Introduction to Scottish Legal Culture -- José María de Dios Marcer and José Cañabate Pérez, An Introduction to Spanish Legal Culture -- Axel Jonsson, An Introduction to Swedish Legal Culture -- Lloyd T. Wilson, Jr., A View of the Legal Culture of the United States of America -- Yuliya Chernykh, An Introduction to Ukrainian Legal Culture.

Abstract: Cooperation across borders requires both knowledge of and understanding of different cultures. This is especially true when it comes to the law. This handbook is the first to comprehensively present selected legal cultures based on a very specific set of structural elements which can be found in all such cultures. Legal cultures are a product of and impacted by certain fundamental and commonly shared ideas on and expectations of the law. In all modern societies these ideas are to a certain degree institutionalized or at least embedded in institutionalized practices. These practices determine the way lawyers are educated and apply the law, how they engage with the ongoing internationalization of law and what kind of values they adhere to. Looking at these elements separately enables the reader to identify similarities and differences and to explain them contextually. Understanding these general features of legal cultures can help avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations of foreign law and its application. Accordingly, this handbook is a necessary starting point for all kinds of legal comparative studies conducted by academics, students, judges and other legal practitioners.

Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment Inflow and Investment Climate in ASEAN Least Developed Countries -- Policy Choices in the Economic Law Reforms of ASEAN Emerging Economies: A Comparative Perspective -- Comparative Approach to ASEAN Competition Policy and Law -- Characteristics of Labour Dispute Resolution in the Four ASEAN Least Developed Countries -- Dispute Resolution Systems in Vietnam: A Typical Example of the Southeast Asian Way- Asset Preservation Procedures and Compulsory Execution as the Basic Framework for Debt Recovery in the ASEAN Least Developed Countries: An Interim Report on the Law and Economic Development -- Status of the Reform of Laos’ Real Property System and a Perspective on Legal Development Support: A Fundamental Consideration of Phases 1 and 2 of the Lao Land Titling Project -- Foreign Direct Investment and Inflow Climate in Laos by Industry.

Abstract: This book reviews the periodic changes in the legal policies of the late-developing ASEAN countries, often known as the CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam), in their continuous path toward globalization after the collapse of the socialist bloc. The book also identifies the characteristics of the legal reforms in their present stage guided by the common framework under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) moving toward 2025. The first stage is illustrated by the ASEAN-style utilization of foreign investments as reflected in all investment laws and policies of CLMV countries in the 1990s, which featured entry control (as “sticks”) and investment incentives (as “carrots”). Those controls and incentives were the means to induce investors to assume various performance requirements to contribute to industrial policies. The second stage witnessed a shift toward enhanced liberalization as an endeavor toward the WTO accession during the 2000s, as seen in the integrated investment laws that appealed for the national treatment of foreign investors. At the same time, those investment laws emphasized the substantive provisions (e.g., fair and equitable treatment and indirect expropriation) and procedural protections (e.g., provision of Investor–State Dispute Resolution mechanisms) as an appeal for stabilization of the investment climate. The third stage of legal policy, as evidenced by the recent amendments to the investment laws, is newly focused on environmental and social considerations, which seems to be an indispensable response to the increasing social protests against the negative impacts of investment promotion. Simultaneously, the means of administrative controls over investors, established in the first stage, are uniquely utilized for the realization of new goals.

Abstract: Chapter 1: The Rule of Law in China: the Situation in 2017 and the Prospect in 2018 -- Chapter 2: Development of Court Informatization in China: the Situation in 2017 and the Prospect in 2018 -- Chapter 3: Report on the Index of Legislative Transparency in China (2018) -- Chapter 4: Report on the Index of Government Transparency in China (2017) -- Chapter 5: Report on the Index of Judicial Transparency in China (2017) -- Chapter 6: Third-party Assessment Report on Court Informatization in China (2017) -- Chapter 7: Report on the Index of Procuratorial Transparency in China (2017) -- Chapter 8: Report on the Index of Transparency of Police Affairs in China (2017) -- Chapter 9: Report on the Index of Maritime Judicial Transparency in China (2017) -- Chapter 10: The Protection of the Rights of the Child in China: Current Situation and the Third-party Assessment Index System.

Abstract: This book reviews and assesses the status quo concerning the rule of law in China in 2017 and predicts its future development in such fields as legislation, judicial reform, civil, commercial and economic law, social law, safeguarding of human rights, criminality, Internet finance, the securities market, pilot free trade zones, administrative public interest litigation, regulation of investment management business, and AI. The book consists of a series of reports on the assessment of rule of law carried out by the Innovation Project Team on the Rule of Law Index at the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Drawing on data from web portals and using the methods of browsing websites and verifying results through phone calls, the book includes assessment reports on the government transparency of 54 departments under the State Council and the governments of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), 49 larger cities, and 100 counties (cities and districts). In addition, reports are provided on the judicial transparency of the Supreme People’s Court, 31 higher people’s courts, and the intermediate people’s courts of 49 larger cities, the procuratorial transparency of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and people’s procuratorates of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and 49 larger cities, as well as the maritime judicial transparency of 10 maritime courts in the country. The book also includes reports on disclosure of information and transparency in the public security organs of four municipalities directly under the Central Government and 27 provincial (autonomous regional) capitals. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for legal scholars, lawyers, judges, prosecutors, graduate and undergraduate students, and all those who are interested in Chinese law and the country’s rule of law index.

Abstract: The Right to Research in Africa: An Overview of the Context and Issues for Consideration -- Research and the Copyright Challenge to Access to Information in Africa -- Distilling the Right to Research from International and Regional Human Rights Frameworks -- Sampling the Right to Research in National Constitutions and Bills of Rights in Africa -- The Right to Research: Is it Necessary and Justifiable in the African Context?.

Abstract: This book formulates a human right to research in Africa based on an in-depth examination of the available international and regional human rights instruments as well as those relevant to the national contexts of African countries. The imbalances in the African copyright ecosystem regarding access to information for research and education became painfully apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. African libraries and knowledge curators found themselves ill-equipped to perform their role of enabling access to information. As teaching, learning and research are increasingly done on digital platforms, learners and researchers continue to grapple with the challenges of accessing materials owing largely to the protection of these resources under copyright law. Access to information, which is needed in order to exercise the right to science and culture, faces a significant challenge posed by the exercising of exclusive rights by copyright owners without a legal mechanism that properly balances copyright from a human rights perspective. To achieve such a balance, there is an urgent need to revise the African copyright system from the perspective of human rights law. Can it be done by establishing a human right to research? In view of the existing broad freedom of expression, and the right to science and culture, education, and property in global, national and regional human rights regimes, is a specific right to research in Africa necessary and justifiable? If so, what should its minimum core components be? Are there international and national regimes already in place that could support the formulation of a human right to research in Africa? This book offers a valuable resource for law- and policymakers in the fields of copyright and human rights, judges, lawyers, public interest groups, researchers and students, librarians and authors, as well as the general public.

Abstract: Chapter 1. The New Digital Economy & Cross Border Data Flows Definition Personal Data. Chapter 2. Consent (adult-children) -- Chapter 3. Data Localisation & Storage Limitation -- Chapter 4. Controller, Processor, Data Protection Officer -- Chapter 5. Right to be Forgotten(deletion) -- Chapter 6. Cross Border Transfer -- Chapter 7. Impact Assessments -- Chapter 8. Data Portability -- Chapter 9. Breaches & Penalties -- Chapter 10. Cyber Security - Law -- Chapter 11. Cross Border Data Agreements & Conclusions. .

Abstract: The book has been authored by a highly regarded international legal scholar in commercial and private law. The book highlights how the legal landscape for in data protection, cross-border data flows and cybersecurity law is highly diverse and fragmented amongst all commonwealth countries. The book focuses on addressing the gaps in data, cybersecurity and national arbitration law of these countries. The aim of this book is to promote more engagement between commonwealth countries, to ensure they capitalise on the growing digital economy. Notwithstanding the above, the digital economy is rapidly changing the way we work and live. When coupled together cybersecurity and data law will be an important component of the future digital economy. They will both be integral to transnational trade and investment. That said, there will likely be disputes, and international arbitration can be an effective legal mechanism to resolve trade and investment disputes across the digital economy. On that basis, this book augments how the respective laws of commonwealth countries, along with the model data and cyber laws of the Commonwealth should be reviewed to minimise any legal divergence. This book provides a comparison and practical guide for academics, students, and the business community of the current day data protection laws and cross-border data flows among all commonwealth countries. .

Abstract: Jurisprudential Exploration in Supervisory System Reform -- National Supervision in the Structure of Constitutionalism -- Implementation of Supervision Law and Concrete Rule of Law -- Supervisory Legislation and the Improvement of the Supervisory System -- System Construction of Supervision Law as A Discipline.

Abstract: This book is the latest work on the reform of supervisory system by Qin Qianhong. The author demonstrates China’s supervisory system at both the theoretical and practical levels, discusses the historical development of supervisory system reform in depth and offers the prospect of supervisory system from his unique perspective. Theoretically, focusing on the context of China, the book studies systematically the origin, transformation and evolution of the concept of supervision and concludes the theoretical basis, object of research and basic scope of supervisory law research, in expectation of building a theoretical system. Practically, from the perspective of China’s reality, the book focuses on the studies of the crucial issues in supervisory system reform, such as the cooperation between supervisory power and prosecutorial power, and the status of supervisory institutions, aiming to provide suggestions for the supervisory system reform.

Abstract: Part 1: The Foreign Investment Law and Its Interpretation Article by Article -- Part 2: The Foreign Investment Regime in Practice Since the Entry into Force of the Foreign Investment Law -- Chapter 1 Drafting History of the Basic Law for Foreign Investment -- Chapter 2 The Origin of the Title of the Foreign Investment Law in Chinese -- Chapter 3 Basic Norms of the Foreign Investment Law.-Chapter 4 The Foreign Investment Law and the Rule of Law -- Chapter 5 The Foreign Investment Law and the Negative List -- Chapter 6 The Foreign Investment Law and Enterprise Laws -- Chapter 7 The Foreign Investment Law and International Investment Agreements -- Chapter 8 Concluding Remarks -- Part 3: Harmonization and Coordination of the Foreign Investment Law with other Relevant Laws and Regulations -- Chapter 9 Linkage between the Foreign Investment Law and the Catalogue of Special Management Measures for Admission of Foreign Investment -- Chapter 10 Linkage between the Foreign Investment Law and Relevant Laws, Regulations and Rules on National security review -- Chapter 11 Harmonisation between the Foreign Investment Law and the Relevant Rules on Foreign Investment Verification and Recordation System.-Chapter 12 Relationship between the Foreign Investment Law and the Company Law and Partnership Law -- Chapter 13 The Relationship between the Foreign Investment Law and the Contract Law -- Chapter 14 The Relationship between the Foreign Investment Law and the Antimonopoly Law -- Chapter 15 The relationship between the Foreign Investment Law and the Government Procurement Law -- Chapter 16 The relationship between the Foreign Investment Law and the previous foreign investment-related ministerial rules -- Chapter 17 Negative List and the Negative List for Free Trade Zones -- Part 4: China’s Foreign Investment Law from the Comparative Law Perspective -- Chapter 18 Admission of Foreign Investment -- Chapter 19 National security Review -- Chapter 20 Antimonopoly Review -- Chapter 21 Investment promotion -- Chapter 22 Investment protection -- Chapter 23 Information reporting -- Chapter 24 Concluding Remarks -- Part 5: Interaction between China and International Investment Rules -- Chapter 25 China’s Place in the Rapidly Changing Landscape of Global Investment Flow -- Chapter 26 International Investment Rules and Their Development -- Chapter 27 Interaction between China’s Foreign Investment Legislation and International Investment Rules -- Chapter 28 The Future Evolution of International Investment Rules and Its Impact on China’s Foreign Investment Regime -- Chapter 29 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 1：The Regulations on the Implementation of the Foreign Investment Law -- Appendix 2: Special Management Measures for Foreign Investment Admission (Negative List)（2020) -- Appendix 3: List of the Normative Documents relating to the Foreign Investment Law.

Abstract: This book focuses on an article-by-article interpretation of the Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted on March 15, 2019. It also describes the legislative process of the law and the relationship between the law and other laws and regulations. It also includes a comparison of China's new foreign investment law with representative foreign investment regimes and the interaction between China and evolving international investment rules and the law, with a focus on the impact of evolving international investment rules on the development of China's foreign investment regime. In recent years, the momentum of globalization has continued to grow, and a pattern of economic governance with valorization, regionalization, and benefit sharing has gradually emerged. Amid the emergence of new international investment rules, the Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted on March 15, 2019, has significantly changed the face of China's foreign investment regime. Given that China is a major destination for global foreign direct investment flows, its foreign investment regime is a focus of attention for international investors and international lawyers. This book aims to provide a practical legal guide for students of Chinese law, especially Chinese business law, practitioners, and their clients interested in the Chinese market, and observers of international investment law and national investment law practice.

Abstract: Introduction -- The evolution of and rationales for continuous disclosure requirements in Australia and China: Theoretical framework -- Application of continuous disclosure requirements: A comparative analysis of continuous disclosure provisions in Australia and China -- Continuous disclosure compliance management within Chinese listed companies: Deficiencies and enhancement proposals -- Role of external advisers in the continuous disclosure of Chinese listed companies: Limitations in the due diligence obligation and reform proposals -- Securities cross-border supervision in China: Difficulties and improvement proposals -- Conclusion.

Abstract: This book studies an overarching question of the challenges faced by Chinese lawmakers, Chinese listed companies, Chinese companies’ external advisers, and securities regulators in dealing with Chinese cross-border listed companies’ continuous disclosure in Australia, and how can these challenges be addressed. Chinese listed companies are struggling to meet the continuous disclosure requirements while listing in Australia and have even been depicted as having poor corporate governance and transparency. Many get delisted from the securities market in Australia subsequently due to non-compliance in continuous disclosure or are straight rejected from listing because of continuous disclosure compliance concerns. This book cuts in from this angle and delves deep into the overarching question through the following four sub-questions: What are the theories and policies behind the continuous disclosure regimes in Australia and China and how have they been differently implemented in the securities markets in these two countries? What are the deficiencies, at the intracompany level, contributing to Chinese cross-border listed companies’ non-compliant continuous disclosure in Australia? What are the limitations, from the perspective of external advisers’ efforts, contributing to Chinese cross-border listed companies’ non-compliant continuous disclosure in Australia? What are the difficulties, at the regulatory level, contributing to Chinese cross-border listed companies’ non-compliant continuous disclosure in Australia? In addressing these questions and putting forward corresponding reform proposals, this book takes not only legal but also historical, cultural, and political-economic factors into consideration.

Abstract: Preface (Loïc CADIET) -- Chapter 1. Case management or case elimination? A snapshot from North America (Margaret WOO) -- Chapter 2. Judicial management in Asia (Hanki SOHN) -- Chapter 3. Case management in Europe: a modern approach to civil litigation (C. H. (Remco) van RHEE) -- Chapter 4. New trends and perspectives on case management: proposals on contract procedure and case assignment management (Antonio CABRAL) -- Chapter 5. Towards a new court management? (Emmanuel JEULAND) -- Chapter 6. An approach and general overview to framing the structure of the court system and case management (Álvaro Pérez RAGONE) -- Chapter 7. Court management in transformation (FU Yulin) -- Chapter 8. The history and future of civil judicial case management in China (WANG Fuhua) -- Chapter 9. Specialized justice in the court structure form perspective (CHEN Hanping) -- Chapter 10. Managing claims (John SORABJI) -- Chapter 11. The civil case management in Chinese court, focusing on the time limit for adjudication and adducing evidence (LI Hao).

Abstract: This book consists of general reports of the International Conference on Judicial Management from Comparative Perspective. This conference held on November 8–10, 2017, at Tianjin University, was organized by China Law Society (CLS) and International Association of Procedural Law Congress (IAPL). The general reporters are prominent scholars who have been selected worldwide by the IAPL Presidium to organize national reporters who shall do researches of his/her own state under the guide of the general reporter’s questionnaire on the specific subject. By this way, the comparative studies are trying to depend on national researches but overcome the general style of “talk past each other.” Moreover, the general reports summarize and give comment on the various system, phenomena or situation from comparative perspective, from which the audience will read their own orientation, doctrines and theories.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Enactment, Scope of Application, and Enforcement of the Cartel Act -- Chapter 2. Agreements -- Chapter 3. Horizontal Agreements -- Chapter 4. Distribution Agreements and Vertical Restraints -- Chapter 5. Abusive Conduct by Dominant Undertakings and Undertakings with Relative Market Power -- Chapter 6. Merger Control -- Chapter 7. Sanctions, Leniency and Amicable Settlements.

Abstract: This is the first comprehensive English-language overview of competition law enforcement in Switzerland since the introduction of direct sanctions in 2004. It discusses the key issues facing practitioners: horizontal and vertical agreements (with a particular emphasis on distribution agreements), abuse of dominance, and the newly introduced provisions on relative market power and merger control. It also provides an overview of the key procedural provisions, leniency and amicable settlements, and fines. The book subsequently analyses the main differences between Swiss and EU competition law and explains why, to what extent, and how companies should conduct a separate analysis under Swiss law. It offers a comprehensive overview and accessible analysis, based on in-depth research of case law, for practitioners and in-house counsels who need to ensure compliance with competition law on a Swiss, European or international basis. It is also a valuable guide for all practitioners, academics and students interested in understanding Swiss competition law. Enforcement of competition law in Switzerland has intensified and is becoming increasingly important for global companies selling in Switzerland. Moreover, the fines have increased over the last twenty years, and many foreign companies have had to pay substantial fines in recent years. Lastly, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court has now extended the extraterritorial application of Swiss competition law to foreign companies where sales to Switzerland are possible.

Abstract: I. GLOBAL FRAMEWORK -- Land-Soil Sustainability and India’s International Obligations -- II. SOIL DEGRADATION IN INDIA -- Soil Degradation in India: Challenge and Response -- Combating Soil Degradation: Policy Relevant Perspectives -- III. EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- Soil Protection through Watershed Approaches: A Legal Perspective -- Agriculture Policy, Law and Institutions: Relevance for Soil Degradation -- Forest Policy, Law and Institutions: Relevance for Soil Degradation -- Role of Women in Sustainable Soil Management: Some Legal Issues -- Role of the Community in Sustainable Soil Management: A Legal Perspective -- IV. PERSPECTIVES -- Land Use Planning as a Necessity -- Soil Protection through Watershed Development: A Grassroots Perspective.

Abstract: This curated book addresses, in the scholarly realm, the problems of soil degradation and provides some practical solutions for them to save soil life. It comprises ten specially invited chapters that address the global soil framework, soil challenges in India, existing policy, law and institutional framework as well as other perspectives. Soil is our biological capital. The soil health is critical for survival of the humans (and other life forms) since almost 95% of our food comes from it. It also has significant potential as a sink for carbon through sequestering. Excessive and inappropriate land use leads to various forms of land degradation that becomes contributing factor for hunger, migration and even wars. There are several multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) including UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) that hold relevance for addressing the global soil problematique. The UNCCD Strategic Framework (2018-2030) has declared desertification/land degradation and drought (DLDD) as “challenges of a global dimension”. As a result, sustainable soil management (SSM) has emerged as an important goal for attaining Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs 2030). In the backdrop of these globally ordained processes, India appears to be seriously pursuing the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) target within the framework of the UNCCD. As a corollary, India has set an ambitious goal of halting any further land degradation by 2030 and rehabilitate at least 30 million hectares of degraded wasteland, forest land and agricultural land. This ideational effort by eminent legal scholars, soil scientists and practitioners aim to promote concerted teaching and research in the field of soil law and governance in the University Faculties of Law, National Law Schools, Institutions of Eminence and other legal and scientific bodies. The ‘seeds sown’ in the soil of knowledge through this effort will, hopefully, provide an impetus for more in-depth research concerning soil law and governance in India and beyond.

Abstract: Introduction: Religious Pluralism and Law in Contemporary Brazil -- Part I Pluralism: minority rights, religious freedom and secularism -- Religion and Laicity in Dispute: Two Categories Under Construction in Brazil’s legal Debate on Religious Education in Public Schools -- Evangelical jurists and human rights in Brazil: a case study of the National Association of Evangelical Jurists (ANAJURE) -- Formalizing religious intolerance in police records: a picture of a (de)construction problem -- Evangelicals Against the Criminalization of Homophobia: The “Christian Majority" and the Dispute Over Public Morality -- “It is not solved just by writing it down on paper”: patrimonialization policies and the religious use of ayahuasca as a Brazilian intangible cultural heritage -- Part II Human Rights as Language -- Controversies in Brazil’s Supreme Court over when human life begins -- Quilombola communities and the right to land ownership: notes on a legal controversy in the Supreme Federal Court -- Human rights and their policy-visibility in producing a public Islam in Brazil -- Human rights and works of the imagination: an ethnography of the first ordained transgender reverend in Latin America.

Abstract: This book represents a unique contribution to understanding the interactions between law and religion in contemporary Brazil. It analyzes how the regulation of religions according to the classical notion of secularism has become a source of tensions since the 1990s. Against this background, the respective chapters demonstrate, on the basis of various case studies, how the constitutional principle of pluralism, introduced by the 1988 federal constitution after a military dictatorship, has been addressed by new political actors, such as religious leaders, parliamentarians, influencers, state representatives, and activists. In particular, the chapters demonstrate how the mobilization of legal language, notably the language of human rights, has become fundamental to developing and consolidating new political agendas concerning secularism, tolerance, freedom of expression, gender and sexuality, family, and cultural heritage. In the authors’ approach, human rights assume a central role in social disputes as a language in which actors constitute themselves as rights subjects, form activist networks, and pursue their goals by expressing themselves in public. Given its focus and scope, the book will be of interest to all scholars seeking to understand the relationships between diversity and the regulation of religious practices in plural societies, where the classical notion of secularism continues to show its limitations.

Abstract: Chapter 1: Lianqi Development Co., Ltd. v. Shanghai Baoye Group Corp., Ltd., Sakai SIO International（Guangzhou）Co., Ltd. et al. (Appeal against Jurisdictional Objection in Dispute over Infringement of Patent for Invention): The Principle of “Two Conveniences” and the Mechanism of Leapfrog Appeal shall be Fully Considered when Confirming the Jurisdiction of Non-infringement and Infringement of Patent -- Chapter 2: Shanxi Coal International Energy Group Jincheng Co., Ltd. v. China CITIC Bank Co., Ltd. Xi'an Branch, Shaanxi Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Contract): In a Confirming Warehouse Transaction Without Real Trade Background, the Real Legal Relationship Among the Buyer, Seller, and the Bank Shall be Found to be the Relationship of Loan and Guaranty Contract -- Chapter 3: Xinjiang Longmei Energy Co. Ltd. v. Zheng X (Dispute over Equity Transfer Contract): Changed Circumstances Shall not Be Claimed to Rescind the Contract Concluded When a Party Clearly Knowing the Risk -- Chapter 4: Ping An Bank Co., Ltd. Beijing Branch, and Beijing Gold Exchange Co., Ltd. et al v. Hainan Jinfenghuang Hotspring Resort Co., Ltd., Beijing Xinyupeng Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd. et al (Dispute over Loan Contract): The Effect of Issuing a Blank Guaranty Contract Stamped with the Official Seal, and the Issue That a Guaranty Provider May Be Exempted Within the Scope of the Pledge Waived by Its Pledgee -- Chapter 5: China Nonferrous Metal Industry's Construction Co., Ltd. v. Hengfeng Bank Co., Ltd. Ningbo Branch and defendants in the first instance, Ningbo Zhong Ren Hong Electronics Co., Ltd. and Ningbo Gang Di Trade Co., Ltd. et al. (Disputes over the Issuing of Letter of Credit and the Right of Recourse) : Instruments Debtors Shall not Protest Against the Pledgee on the Ground of Protesting Against the Pledgor -- Chapter 6: Xinjiang Hua Cheng An Ju Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. v. China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Contract for the Undertaking of Construction Projects): on Application of Good Faith Principle in Finding the Validity of Contract -- Chapter 7: LC Securities Co., Ltd. and Eastern Gold Jade Co., Ltd. v. Yunnan Xinglong Industry Co., Ltd. and Zhao X et al. (Dispute over a Suretyship Contract): The Scope of Security Liability Assumed by the Security Provider Shall be Limited to the Scope of the Principal Obligation -- Chapter 8: Bank of DaLian Co., Ltd. v. Dalian Branch of China Railway Modern Logistics Technology Co., Ltd. and Jinzhou Zuoyuan Sugar Foods Co., Ltd. et al. (Dispute over a Loan Contract): Pledge in Movable Property May not be Created by Possession Reformulation -- Chapter 9: Sichuan Zhongding Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. v. Zhu X and Natural Resources Bureau of Wulan County (Dispute over Contract for the Undertaking of Construction Projects): In a De Facto Juristic Relation, the Actual Builder May Claim Project Payments Directly with the Party Offering the Contract -- Chapter 10: Fujian Tinghu Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. v. Natural Resources Bureau of Xianyou County (Dispute over a Contract for Transfer of State-owned Construction Land Use Right): In Case of Breach of Contract due to Objective Reasons, the Liquidated Damages Clause Shall be Applied Primarily to Cover the Loss -- Chapter 11: Wang X V. Bazhou Sairui Machinery & Equipment Installation Co., Cao X(A) (Dispute over Change of Registration): The Claim of the Resigned Legal Representative for the Registration of the Change of the Legal Representative of Company Shall, Absent Other Remedies, Be Accepted by the Court -- Chapter 12: Peng X V. Chengdu Rural Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. Cuqiao Subbranch, Chen X, et al. (Dispute over Suretyship agreement): Impact on the Liability of Other Guarantors Involved of Creditor's Waiver in Mixed Security of Security in Rem as Provided by Debtor -- Chapter 13: Hubei YAS Commercial Chain Co., Ltd. V. Danyang Yongsheng Motor Transport Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Tort Liability): Criteria for the Determination of Erroneous Application for Property Preservation -- Chapter 14: Jiang X, Chen X, el al. V. Lin X, Weng X(A)., et al. (Dispute over Objection to the Enforcement of Judgment): Determination on the Time When the Seizure Ruling and the Notice of Assistance in Execution Take Effect -- Chapter 15: Huang X V. Xiamen Shuangrun Investment Management Co., Fenghe (China) Co. (the third party in the first instance), Hui'an County Rural Credit Cooperative (Dispute over the Objection by an Outsider to the Enforcement): The Requirements for the Valid Objection to the Execution by the Transferee of Equity -- Chapter 16: Guilin Zhangtai Industry Group Co., Ltd., Guangxi Lichengdong Investment Co., Ltd. et al (Enforcement Reconsideration of Dispute over Recovery of Financial Distressed Debt): Identification of Interest in Cases of Enforcement against Dispute over Recovery of Financial Distressed Debt -- Chapter 17: Zhou X v. Xiamen Baixiang Shouli E-Business Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Online Shopping Contract): Determination of the Basis for the Adjustment of Agreed Punitive Liquidated Damages. - Chapter 18: Yunnan Copper Co., Ltd. v. Kunming Wanbao Jiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yunnan Zhongheng Innovation Investment Co., Ltd. etc (Dispute over Sale Contract): Identification of the Nature and Validity of Closed-loop Sale Contracts -- Chapter 19: Zhongkong Guorong New Energy Development Co., Ltd. v. Fuzhou Dade Industry Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Sale Contract): Determination and Application of Deposit-related Penalty Rules for Partial Performance of Contracts -- Chapter 20: Zhongrong Hengsheng Wood Industry Co., Ltd.（Beijing）v. Crosplus (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Mengyang Furniture Sales Center (Dispute over Copyright Infringement): Elements for Copyright Protection of Works of Applied Art -- Chapter 21: JDB (China) Co., Ltd. v. Guangzhou Wanglaoji Health Industry Co., Ltd. (Dispute over False Advertising): Identification of False Advertising -- Chapter 22: Shandong Bittel Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd (Bittel) v. Jiangsu Zhongxun Digital Electronics Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Tortious Liability for Damages Arising from Malicious Prosecution in Intellectual Property Litigation): Standard for Assessing the Subjective Fault in Disputes over Damages Arising from Malicious Prosecution in Intellectual Property Litigation -- Chapter 23: Lacoste Company Limited v. Cartelo Pty Ltd. and Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (Administrative Dispute over Trademark Disputes): Impact of Offshore Co-existence Agreements on Determining the Trademark Similarity -- Chapter 24: Xiamen Meetyou Co., Ltd. v. Beijing Kangzhilesi Network Technology Co., Ltd. and China National Intellectual Property Administration (Administrative Dispute over Request for Declaration of Trademark Invalidity): Whether the Trademark at Issue is the Sign “Not to be Used as Trademark” Falls within the Jurisdiction of People’s Court to Review the Administrative Act or Conduct in Affirming and Authorizing the Trademark -- Chapter 25: Xiao X v. Seno LED Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Infringement of Patent for Invention): The Role of Interpretations of the Recorded Technical Effect upon the Patent Claims and Impact on the Principle of Equivalence -- Chapter 26: Medacor (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd. v. Sunshine (Tianjin) Group Co., Ltd., and Defendants in the First Instance, Wang A, Zhang A, et al. (Dispute over Infringement of Trade Secrets): How to Determine whether the Customer List Constitutes the Trade Secrets -- Chapter 27: Ningbo Beworth Textile Machinery Co., Ltd. v. Ningbo Cixing Company Limited (Dispute over License Contract for Technological Secrets): Handling of Cases involved both Criminal and Civil Proceedings related to Trade Secrets -- Chapter 28: VMI Holland B.V. and Cooper (Kunshan) Tire Co., Ltd. v. Safe-run Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Confirmation of Patent Non-infringement): Prerequisites for Confirming Patent Non-infringement -- Chapter 29: Alfa Laval Corporate A B v. China National Intellectual Property Administration and SWEP International A B (the Third Party in the First Instance) (Administrative Dispute over Invalid Patent for Invention): Determination of Modification of Patent Claims beyond Scope in Invalidity Declaration Proceedings -- Chapter 30: Shimano v. Sensah Smart Sports Equipment Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Infringement of Patent for Invention): Determination of Protection Scope of Functional Features -- Chapter 31: Shenzhen Jiedian Technology Co., Ltd. v. Shenzhen Laidian Technology Co., Ltd. and Anker Innovations Technology Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Infringement of Patent for Utility Models): Classification and Identification Standards of Technical Features in Patent Claims -- Chapter 32: Wartsila Finland Oy and Spliethoff’s Bevrachtingskantoor B.V. v. Rongcheng Xixiakou Shipbuilding Co., Ltd....

Abstract: This book includes focal and vital cases tried by presiding justices, guiding cases from the Supreme People’s Court, and cases discussed at the Joint Meetings of Presiding Judges from various tribunals. This book is divided into three sections, including Cases by Justices, Guiding Cases, and Typical Cases, which will introduce readers to Chinese legal processes, legal methodology, and ideology in an intuitive, clear, and accurate manner. This book presents cases selected by the trial departments of the Supreme People’s Court of China from their concluded cases. In order to give full weight to the legal value and social function of cases from the Supreme People’s Court, and to achieve the goal of “serving the trial practices, serving economic and social development, serving legal education and legal scholarship, serving legal exchanges among Chinese and foreign legal communities, and serving the rule of law in China”, the China Applied Jurisprudence Institute, with the approval of the Supreme People’s Court, opts to publish Selected Cases from the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China in both Chinese and English, for domestic and overseas distribution.

Abstract: Introduction -- Market Failures in Takeovers -- The Regulatory Framework of the U.K -- The Regulatory Framework of Germany -- The Regulatory Framework of China -- Comparison and Evaluation of the Regulatory Frameworks of the U.K., Germany and China -- Conclusion and Recommendations.

Abstract: The book explores “what are the societal interests that may be affected by a takeover, are these protected under the current regulatory frameworks of the U.K., Germany, and China, (and if so) how are they protected and what recommendations can be made for future reforms in the three jurisdictions?” The book adopts three main methods: law and economics analysis, doctrinal legal research, and comparative analysis. The content of this book is intended not only for the academia; it may also benefit the policy makers by providing an evaluation on the strengths and weaknesses of different protection mechanisms and recommendations for future reforms. Besides, companies which are (potentially) interested in conducting takeovers in the three countries may also find this book useful with its overall analysis of the regulatory frameworks and representative takeover cases in the jurisdictions.

Abstract: On Civil Codes: A Twenty First Century Perspective -- The Codifications at the Beginning of the 21 Century -- Civil Law in Spain is Plural, as are its National Civil Codes -- The Making of the Turkish Civil Code -- The Perpetual French Codification.

Abstract: The book provides in-depth analysis of the new perspectives on codifications, and of the related reforms, that give recognition to new ideas, new needs, and new techniques. The contributions from several jurisdictions collected in this book provide a much needed evaluation of the current impact of codification on the law and are a first, essential reference for assessing the importance of civil law codifications in the contemporary world.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Promise and Perils of AI and ML in Public Administration -- 3.The Regulatory Framework in Overview -- 4. Privacy Issues: Processing Personal Data, Monitoring, and Profiling Citizens -- 5. Delegation of Administrative Powers to AI Systems -- 6. Due Process, Fair Trial, Transparency, and Explainability -- 7. Fairness and Equal Treatment -- 8. Safety and Security -- 9. Accountability and Liability -- 10. Intellectual Property Rights and Data Ownership -- 11. Final Conclusions and Recommendations.

Abstract: This book gives a comprehensive overview of the state of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML) applications in public service delivery in Estonia, discussing the manifold ethical and legal issues that arise under both European and Estonian law. Final conclusions and recommendations set out and analyze various policy options for the public sector, taking into account recent developments at the European level – such as the AIA proposal – as well as the experience of countries that have issued principles and guidelines or even laws for the use of ML in the public sector. “For two reasons, this study is relevant not only for an audience which is interested in Estonian administrative law. First, the authors base their legal analysis primarily on EU law and provide a state of the art-analysis of the relevant secondary legislation. This makes the book a reference text for the European debate on public sector AI governance. Second, this study is part of a larger research project in which four specific use cases of public sector AI have been developed and tested. The practical insights gained in these projects have provided the authors with an excellent understanding of the opportunities and risks of the technology, which distinguishes this legal analysis from similar enterprises.” Excerpt from the foreword by Professor Thomas Wischmeyer (University of Bielefeld) .

Abstract: Gender Issues in Private International Law -- The Reproduction of Gender Difference and Heteronormativity in Family Law -- Family Matters: Gender, Community and Personal Laws in India -- Compensation for Damages Suffered by Women Performing Unpaid Domestic Work -- The Best Interests of the Child and Gender Perspective -- Gender Perspective of Development of Labour Law -- Leading or Breeding; Looking Ahead – Gender Segregation in the Labour Market and the Equal Distribution of Family Responsibilities -- Legal Approaches to Protection Against Gender-Based Violence and Harassment at Work with a Particular Focus on the Situation in the Republic of North Macedonia -- Digital Work and Gender Equality -- Gender Discrimination: Procedural Issues Between Procedural Autonomy, EU Provisions and Effectiveness of Judicial Protection -- Gender Perspectives in Mediation.

Abstract: This book discusses prominent and controversial gender-related issues across the fields of family law, tort law, labour law, civil procedure law, ADR and private international law. An important critical assumption made by the authors is that the gender equality perspective has been largely neglected in several branches of private law, since scholars researching the intersection between gender and legal studies are mostly focused on public law and human rights law. In light of that, the book contributes not only to the deconstruction of gender-blind private law, but also to the development of a gender-competent analysis of the key branches of private law, starting with private international law. Gender perspective in family law is analyzed on the basis of gendered and heteronormative operations of family law with reference to the formation of legally recognized relationships, the establishment of legal parenthood, the division of marital property after a divorce, and the arrangements for post-separation parenting. Also, regulation of family matters in Indian society and the gender equality perspective from the principle of the child’s best interest are considered. As far as tort law is concerned, the book addresses compensation for damages suffered by women performing unpaid household work. Further, it contains papers dedicated to the following labour law issues: the genesis of labor law and its capacity to contribute either to worsening gender inequality in the world of work or to promoting gender equality; gender segregation in the labour market and its connection to family-friendly policies in the European Union; sexual harassment at work; and the impact of work digitalization on gender-related labour law issues. Lastly, the authors analyze gender equality in civil procedural law, as well as in mediation as a tool for encouraging the peaceful settlement of disputes. The book is intended to improve awareness of the wide range of private law issues that are important for understanding the ways in which gender inequality shapes everyday experiences, while also presenting critical considerations of the key private law instruments for achieving gender equality.

Abstract: Family and Country -- Punishment and Law -- The Method of Controlling Disorder -- "Fajing" and the Law of the Twelve Tables -- Personal -- Class -- The Distinction of Morality and Interests -- No-lawsuit -- The Ethical and Legal Culture -- Li and Law: the Legalization of Moral -- Li and Law: the Moralization of Law -- Natural Law -- The Turning Point: the Past and the Future.

Abstract: Professor Zhiping Liang offers a new understanding of Chinese legal tradition in this profoundly influential book. Unlike the available literature using the usual method of legal history research, this book attempts to illustrate ancient Chinese legal tradition through cultural interpretation. The author holds that both the concept and practice of law are meaningful cultural symbols. The law reveals not only the life pattern in a specific time and space but also the world of the mind of a specific group of people. Therefore, just as cultures have different types, laws embedded in different societies and cultures also have different characters and spirits. Believing that human experience is often condensed into concepts, categories, and classifications, the author begins his discussion with the analysis of relevant terms and then seeks to understand history by interpreting the interaction and interconnectedness of the words, ideas, and practices. Based on the same understanding, the author uses modern concepts reflectively and critically, consciously exploiting the differences between ancient and contemporary Chinese and Western concepts to achieve a more realistic understanding of history while avoiding the ethnocentrism and modern-centrism common in historical studies.

Abstract: Financial Inclusion as an Enabler of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the 21ST Century: An Introduction -- Towards an International Financial Inclusion Strategy, Institutional Frameworks and Enforcement: Setting Regulatory Benchmarks for the SADC Countries -- Facilitating Financial Inclusion Through the Development of a Decentralised Cryptocurrencies’ Regulatory Regime in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana -- The Role of Corporate Directorship in Financial Inclusion within Selected SADC Countries -- Financial Inclusion and Persons Living with Disabilities in Zambia: Reality versus Rhetoric -- The Prospects and Challenges for Mobile Money Regulation and the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe -- Land Reform and Financial Inclusion Challenges in South Africa -- Exploring Digital Financial Inclusion Strategies for Urban and Rural Communities in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe -- A ‘Social Justice’ Movement in the Banking Industry? Banking, Competition and Financial Inclusion in South Africa with Insights from Zimbabwe -- Intra-African Trade and the AFCFTA: A Law and Economics Perspective -- Retirement Funding and Financial Inclusion in South Africa: A Contrary Policy Approach -- Mobile Fin-Tech Ecosystem Shaping Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwean Banking and Financial Services Markets -- Financial Inclusion Challenges and Prospects during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe -- Financial Inclusion and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Namibia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective -- Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks -- Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for Financial Inclusion in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe.

Abstract: This book investigates the regulation and promotion of financial inclusion and provides a comparative analysis of the regulation, promotion and enforcement of the relevant laws in the SADC (in particular, South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe), as well as the challenges of financial inclusion. In turn, it evaluates financial inclusion in the context of specific challenges faced by unbanked and underbanked customers, who are easy targets for cyber criminals because they tend to have lower levels of digital literacy. The book presents novel discussions that identify the challenges and flaws associated with the enforcement of financial inclusion laws and related measures intended to promote financial inclusion in the SADC region. This is primarily done in order to reveal the current strengths and weaknesses of financial inclusion laws in relation to certain aspects of the companies, securities and financial markets in the region. For example, there is no common financial inclusion instrument/law that is effectively and uniformly applied throughout the SADC. This has impeded the enforcement authorities’ efforts to effectively combat financial exclusion across the region. The book is likely the most comprehensive study to date on the regulation and promotion of financial inclusion in the SADC region and fills a major gap in SADC and African legal jurisprudence. As such, it offers a valuable asset for policymakers, attorneys, bankers, securities (share) holders, and other market participants who deal with financial inclusion, as well as undergraduate and graduate students interested in the topic.

Abstract: What Is Law -- Legal System -- Source and System of Law -- Operation of Law in Modern Society -- Functions and Limits of Law -- Constitution -- Criminal Law -- Administrative Law -- Civil Law -- Commercial Law -- Intellectual Property Law -- Economic Law -- Environmental and Resource Protection Law -- Procedural Law.

Abstract: This book delivers a comprehensive, insightful, and updated analytic description of contemporary Chinese legal system. From a macro perspective, it presents, both theoretically and empirically, the evolution of Chinese law, describing its distinctive features, comparing it with other experiences across the world, and exploring the influence of economic, social, cultural, and technological factors thereon. From a micro perspective, based on the latest laws and regulations so promulgated and relevant research, this book briefly summarizes the basic theories and knowledge of existing law in the PRC, including the Constitution, civil law, criminal law, administrative law, procedural law, intellectual property law, economic law, etc. With this book, not only law students, lawyers, and those who have a background in Chinese law but also general readers can catch a penetrating glimpse into the fast-changing Chinese legal system.

Abstract: Introduction -- Harmonizing Public and Private International Law: Implications of the Apple vs. Samsung IP Litigation / Observations in the Field of Intellectual Property -- The Applicability of Artificial Intelligence in International Law -- Law and Development -- Regulator-led Resolution in Mass Finance Mis-selling -- A Critical Evaluation of the War on Terror -- Asia and New International Economic Order -- International Space Station / Space Resource Exploration and Utilization Act -- China’s Exclusionary Rule of Illegally Obtained Evidence: A Comparative Study with the International Criminal Court -- Maritime Title in South China Sea -- A Generic Construction of the Right System for Population Ageing -- Human Rights Accountability of Transnational Corporations -- The Hague Conference on Private International Law -- New International Law Theory -- Sea-Level Rise and the Law of the Sea -- Human Rights-Based Approach to Science, Technology and Development -- Conclusion.

Abstract: This book brings together critical legal analyses of ongoing global issues in the digital age by international lawyers in Asia. Digital revolution is the key to understanding the contemporary human society. In this book, the authors critically redefine the mainstream thinking and ideas of contemporary international legal issues that the global community is facing. Given the rapidly shifting global legal landscape and framework, they shed light on the theoretical and practical questions in international law and reexamine their global context. Such independent and forward-looking approach suggests the ideas to shaping the global common good in the future human society. In both theory and practice, this book is a useful guide to Asian law, politics, economy, and business providing a fair and balanced point of view.

Abstract: Part 1: Drones – aviation/aerial automated autonomous transportation systems -- Introduction -- “Drones: The New Delivery Men? A South African and UK perspective.” -- Unmanned Air Transports: the use of drones and legal issues arising thereof -- The Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Law of China: A Comparative Study of the mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao of China -- Part 2: Ships – Maritime automated / autonomous transportation systems -- The Intersection Between Law and Technology in Maritime Law -- Salvage and Autonomous Maritime Navigation -- Uncharted Legal Waters: “The Applicability of the Law on Seaworthiness & Good seamanship to Autonomous vessels.” -- Reforming the Law of the Sea for the Future of Automated Shipping -- Part 3: Road Vehicles – Road automated / autonomous transportation systems -- Automated Vehicles, Liability and Insurance -- Legal and Ethical Aspects of Autonomous Vehicles -- Cyber Risks: Social, Functional and Ethical Dimensions -- Road Traffic Law and Application to Automated Vehicles.

Abstract: This book discusses various legal aspects of automated and autonomous transport. The regulation of automated and autonomous transport encompasses legislation on automated cars, ships, vessels, and drones. Questions surrounding this novel area of the law, which has attracted major worldwide interest and publicity, are likely to dominate our societies and everyday life in the years ahead. One major challenge addressed in this book is remedying the regulatory fragmentation that can be observed around the globe concerning legislation on automated and autonomous transportation systems. Written and edited by respected experts in the field, including academics and practitioners alike, this book seeks to fill an important gap in the literature. Given its focus and scope, the book will be of considerable interest to practitioners, academics, and policymakers, judges, students and secondary audiences, including engineers, sociologists, naval architects, all those involved in the automated industry, and people working in AI.

Abstract: Part 1: Public Law: Constitutional Law -- Chapter 1. Reclaiming Rechtsstaat from the Stuntmen of the State (Niraj Kumar) -- Chapter 2. Surname System and its constitutionality (Noriyuki Asano) -- Chapter 3. Buddhist Cosmological Narratives and hybrid statehood in Sri Lanka and Myanmar (Punsara Amarasinghe) -- Chapter 4. Besmirching Honourable Men: The Defamation of Politicians in Singapore (Kevin Tan) -- Chapter 5. The Constitutional Value of the Guarantee Clause (Raunaq Jaiswal) -- Chapter 6. Beyond friend and enemy: The stranager as a political category in colonial modernity (Moiz Tundawala) -- Chapter 7. Administrative Justice in Iran; Oscillating between Monism and Dualism (Moslem Aghaeitogh) -- Chapter 8. Administrative Adjudication in the Common Law: A comparison of setups and legal tensions with India (Dinesh Singh) -- Part 2: Private Law -- Chapter 9. The European Social Model facing the Economic and the Covid Pandemic Crises (George Katrougalos) -- Chapter 10. Intellectual Property and Investment Treaties: Comparing Newest Indian and Australian Treaty Practices (Prabhash Ranjan) -- Part 3: Comparative Law: General Themes -- Chapter 11. R2P: A Comparative Study Between Universalism and Asian Exceptionalism (Rashmi Raman) -- Chapter 12. Intersection of Law, Religion, Customs & the Problem of Child Marriage in Global South: A Comparative Study of India, Nigeria and Uganda (Neha Mishra) -- Chapter 13. Developmentalism, Forest Protection and the Idea of Greater Justice in India (Rajnish Saryal).

Abstract: This yearbook is a compilation of thematically arranged essays that critically analyse emerging developments, issues, and perspectives in the field of comparative law. It comprises three parts wherein the first part focuses on public law and its related issues, the second part engages with issues in the field of private law, and the third part discusses general themes in comparative law. The yearbook includes papers on comparative study between universalism and Asian exceptionalism under human rights perspective, reclaiming the German concept of the rule of law “Rechtsstaat”, the Guarantee Clause in global constitutionalism, administrative justice, constitution and culture, and the category of the ’stranger’ in modern legal and political thought. The Yearbook touches upon various issues, e.g., forest protection and the idea of Justice, the application of defamation law on politicians, the intersection of customary law relating to child marriage in different countries, hybrid statehood and Buddhist nationalism. Further, scholarly work on the themes of comparative law, customary law, environmental law, and constitutional law is also highlighted. The yearbook intends to seamlessly tie together discussions on both public and private law aspects of comparative law. It encourages readers to gain a nuanced understanding of the working of the law, legal systems and legal cultures while aiding deliberations on the constituents of an ideal system of law.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Historical And Legal Framework -- Chapter 3. Mediation -- Chapter 4. Mediating Sovereign Debt Disputes -- Chapter 5. Conclusion.

Abstract: This book provides a fresh perspective on resolving sovereign debt disputes within the investor-state mediation framework. In response to the limitations of traditional approaches to adjudicating public debt issues and the resulting gaps in international law concerning sovereign defaults, creditors have increasingly turned to investor-state treaty arbitrations to recover unpaid debts. However, this shift has raised numerous criticisms and concerns. Accordingly, this book explores the uncharted territory of utilizing mediation as a means to settle sovereign debt claims. It sheds light on the distinctive characteristics of mediation as a process, setting it apart from judicial litigation and private arbitration, and emphasizing the unique outcomes it can generate. The central argument of this book is that mediation should be seriously considered as a viable option for resolving sovereign debt disputes. Not only does it offer a more cost-effective and expeditious approach, but it also has the potential to facilitate economic recovery and sustain continued investment.

Abstract: Justice: From Mystery to Openness -- Development of Contemporary China’s Judicial Openness System -- The Rationale Behind Judicial Transparency -- Methodologies for Researching Judicial Transparency -- The Overall Situation of China’s Judicial Transparency -- Status Quo of Judicial Transparency in Various Fields -- Promoting More Transparent Justice.

Abstract: Based on the Judicial Transparency Index Assessment (2019 and 2020) conducted in China by the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, this book summarizes and analyzes the current situation of judicial openness in China, using a sample of 218 courts across the country for the study. The book analyzes the ideological and institutional origins of judicial openness and examines the operation of judicial openness through the practical experience of role replacement. By analyzing evaluation data in the fields of audit information disclosure, trial information disclosure, judicial enforcement data disclosure, and judicial reform data disclosure, the book points out that the current judicial disclosure has made significant progress, but there are still problems such as unclear disclosure standards, insufficient rigidity in disclosure requirements, and the scope of disclosure still needs to be expanded. The book recommends accelerating the disclosure of judicial legislation, public standards, and strengthening assessment and accountability.

Abstract: Introduction -- Assay-ssination: Reflections on the Cost of Jewellery and Gem Crime -- Design crime in context: Mass-manufactured design, design-as-art, and Chandigarh’s modernist furniture -- The Evolution of the Belgian Art and Antiques Unit -- Fossil trafficking, fraud, and fakery -- Illicit Excavations and Trade in Antiquities -- New Security Challenges at Museums and Historic Sites: The Case of Spain -- Revisiting the Looting of Site Q through Lidar: A Case Study of Illicit Digging in La Corona, Guatemala -- Securing Borders and Restraining the Illegal Movement of Cultural Property to, from, and within, the Island of Ireland -- Stealing Heritage in Canada -- The Theft of Your Soulmate: Motivations for the Theft of Rare Violins -- UNESCO Emergency Response “First-Aid” Heritage Interventions in Syria during Armed Conflict -- Yellow Journalism: Neutralisation techniques, media validation, and the Rothko vandal.

Abstract: This book brings together empirical and theoretical case-study research on art and heritage crime. Drawn from a diverse group of researchers and professionals, the work presented explores contemporary conceptualisations of art crime within broader contexts. In this volume, we see ‘art’ in its usual forms for art crime scholarship: in paintings and antiquities. However, we also see art in fossils and in violins, chairs and jewellery, holes in the ground and even in the institutions meant to protect any, or all, of the above. And where there is art, there is crime. Chapters in this volume, alternatively, zoom in on specific objects, on specific locations, and on specific institutions, considering how each interact with the various conceptions of crime that exist in those contexts. This volume challenges the boundaries of what we understand as “art and heritage crimes” and displays that both art, and criminality related to art, is creative and unpredictable.

Abstract: General Introduction. State and Enterprise in the Global Market by Maria Rosaria Mauro and Federico Pernazza -- Part I – State versus Enterprise: The national security clauses in international economic agreements: a loophole for States to escape their obligations? by Saverio Di Benedetto -- The US Regulation of Foreign Direct Investments by Andrea Guaccero -- Golden Powers in Strategic Sectors: A European Perspective by Gianluca Scarchillo -- The PRC Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment by Enrico Toti -- Part II – State as Enterprise/Enterprise as State: Management of Public Economic Entities: Fair, Accountable and Controlled by Guy Horsmans and Guillaume Horsmans -- The Role of State-Owned Enterprises in the Economic Transnational Relations by Federico Pernazza -- The Emergence of Sovereign Wealth Funds as New ‘Foreign Investors’: Problems and Perspectives by Maria Rosaria Mauro -- Sustainable Procurement: The Active Role of the State in Building a Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Growth by Barbara De Donno and Livia Ventura -- Part III – Enterprise v. State: The Relationship between a Host State and a Foreign Corporate Investor. A Few Remarks under International and EU Law by Pia Acconci -- Antitrust Law in Digital Markets by Gianluca Contaldi -- Clip Their Wings! Developments in the “Fight” Against Vulture Funds by Domenico Pauciulo -- When the Protection of Private Investors Prevails on the Interest of the Host State (or almost so): The Perenco v. Ecuador Case by Martina Di Lollo -- Part IV – State and Enterprise in State Capitalist Economies: Emerging Rules on Fair Trade and Reform of State-owned Enterprises in China by Qingjiang Kong -- White Stains of State Support Measures for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Russia by Kseniya Tyurenkova -- Reflections on Foreign Investment and the New Subjects on the Cuban Economy by Freddy Andrés Hung Gil -- Part V – Conclusion: Final Remarks by Diego Corapi.

Abstract: This book addresses the regulation of the State/Enterprise relationship in the framework of international economic context. It analyzes this relationship from the discrete perspectives of conflict, cooperation, and integration in contributions by authors representing a diverse range of legal cultures and political backgrounds. The topic is investigated following three approaches: • State versus Enterprise (the State which bans, restricts, or regulates the activities of Enterprises, both domestic and foreign); • Enterprise versus State (the Enterprises, main actors of commercial, industrial or financial initiatives, which may directly or indirectly affect the legal and economic structure of the State); • State as Enterprise and Enterprise as State (public Enterprises under political control that pursue geopolitical goals, and Enterprises that rely on the political, financial, and strategic support of the State for their business expansion). Furthermore, the volume includes a special focus on the relationship State/Enterprise in non-capitalist economies (China, Russia, and Cuba). .

Abstract: Overview of the Law on Corporate Social Responsibility -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Labour Field -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Environment Field -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Business Integrity and Anti-Corruption Field -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Consumer Protecting Field.

Abstract: This book examines the law and its development trends in the area of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Vietnam. It is an important reference in implementing the requirements of CPTPP and EVFTA in Vietnam, and it is also very important in improving the legal framework in Vietnam to comply with international standards, especially in the areas of labor, environment and consumer protection, and in raising awareness of CSR among Vietnamese companies. Many articles in this book analyze and assess the legal status of CSR, thus providing a number of constructive suggestions for improving the relevant laws in Vietnam. Corporate social responsibility is not only the contribution of corporate philanthropy to society, but also the compliance of companies with international standards and national laws in the fields of labor, environment, investment, labor security, social security, etc. Against the backdrop of Vietnam's growing international integration, the requirement of corporate social responsibility has been, and continues to be, paramount in business activities. It is not only a need at the enterprise level, but is also related to the internationalization of international standards and the improvement of national laws on CSR.

Abstract: Response of Administrative Law to Climate Change -- Research on Low-carbon Administrative Procedures -- Research on Low-carbon Administrative Entity -- Research on Low-carbon Administrative Procedures -- Improving the Administrative Legislation for Low-carbon Regulation -- Improving the Administrative Licensing for Low-carbon Regulation -- Administrative Guidance for Innovative Low-carbon Regulation -- Application and Development of Administrative Penalties in Low-carbon Field -- Application and Development of Administrative Enforcement in Low-carbon Field -- Strengthening the Management of Carbon Information Disclosure -- Low-carbon Administrative Liabilities and Construction of Its Investigation Mechanism.

Abstract: This book puts forward new thinking on how the theory and system of China's administrative law can meet the requirements of the low-carbon era based on the 25-year (1990-2015) development of China’s administrative law in addressing climate change. With the basic content and structure of administrative law as the analytical framework and from the two dimensions of restraining the government's own activities to meet low-carbon requirements and prompting the government to effectively perform the new function of implementing low-carbon regulations, this book systematically studies the due changes and developments of theories and systems such as the basic principles of administrative law, administrative entities, administrative actions, administrative processes and administration liabilities. The purpose of writing this book is to explore and answer the vital role of China’s administrative law in coping with climate change as well as the development of theories and systems of China's administrative law to comply with the new requirements proposed by the government administration in the low-carbon era. This book is the world’s first legal monograph devoted to low-carbon administration in China in the field of administrative law, with novel, prospective and pertinent viewpoints, unique analysis, rich content and detailed information. The study involves cross-disciplinary research in the field of environmental protection, environmental law and administrative law. The book is also a window for the development of China’s administrative law, especially the overall development of low-carbon administration in China. The publication of this book can provide a necessary theoretical basis for follow-up in-depth research on this topic from both China’s and international legal circles as well as related multidisciplinary researchers and provide a substantive reference for worldwide practical circles to make relevant decisions.

Abstract: 1. Introduction and Methodology -- 2. Gain-based Remedies for Breach of Contract in General -- 3. Finding Gain-based Remedies under the Compensatory Principles -- 4. Finding Gain-Based Remedies under Restitutionary Principles -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- 6. Bibliography. .

Abstract: This book focuses on an emerging problem in English contract law: what should be done when a party has been unjustly enriched as the result of a breach of contract but there is no measurable loss suffered by said party? Two rulings are at the heart of the book: Wrotham Park Estate v Parkside Homes and Attorney-General v Blake. These two cases can be said to have established gain-based remedies in English contract law. However, the principles that underpin these remedies are not entirely clear and are subject to debate. This book analyses these principles through the lens of compensatory and restitutionary approaches. Moreover, it applies a comparative analysis of these approaches through the lens of the civil law jurisdiction in Poland. Since the term ‘compensation’ is not a universal concept, the book distinguishes between two rationales in the compensatory analysis. The first, reparative compensation, is defined as a form of monetary recompense for loss or damage actually suffered. The second, substitutive compensation, represents a monetary equivalent to a right that a person has been deprived of or denied. Both rationales require the application of a broad notion of loss in order to make gain-based remedies workable in both English and Polish law. In contrast, ‘restitution’ states that a person cannot be permitted to profit from their own wrongdoing. Based on this principle, the book argues that gain-based remedies could be applied under Polish law through the rules of unjust enrichment. However, in order to do so, a broader understanding of the subtraction prerequisite (the enrichment being at the aggrieved party’s expense) would have to be adopted. The book concludes that unjust enrichment is a more natural way of implementing gain-based remedies in civil law jurisdictions.

Abstract: Formation of the Intermediate field Between Contract Law and Tort Law -- Legal Regulation in Pre-contractual Stage -- Legal Regulation in the Intermediate field During the Performance of Contract -- Legal Regulation of Act of Courtesy -- Systematization of Legal Regulation in the Intermediate field Between Contract Law and Tort Law.

Abstract: Chapter 1. Mengsha Yang Tianjin University -- Chapter 2. Mengsha Yang Tianjin University -- Chapter 3. Mengsha Yang Tianjin University -- Chapter 4. Xiaoying Fan Tianjin University of Finance and Economics -- Chapter 5. Xiaoying Fan Tianjin University of Finance and Economics -- Chapter 6. Xiaoying Fan Tianjin University of Finance and Economics -- Chapter 7. Xiaoying Fan Tianjin University of Finance and Economics -- Chapter 8. Wenjing An North China Electric Power University -- Chapter 9. Wenjing An North China Electric Power University -- Chapter 10. Wenjing An North China Electric Power University -- Chapter 11. Wenjing An North China Electric Power University -- Chapter 12. Luo Jie Zhongnan University of Economics and Law -- Chapter 13. Luo Jie Zhongnan University of Economics and Law -- Chapter 14. Luo Jie Zhongnan University of Economics and Law -- Chapter 15. Haicong Zuo, UIBC -- Chapter 16. Haicong Zuo, UIBC -- Chapter 17. Peng Guo, Geng Wang RMIT/UIBC -- Chapter 18. Peng Guo, Geng Wang RMIT/UIBC -- Chapter 19. Shu Zhang, Geng Wang Deakin/UIBC -- Chapter 20. Shu Zhang, Geng Wang Deakin/UIBC -- Chapter 21. Zaiyu Guo, Peng Guo Supreme People’s Court / RMIT -- Chapter 22. Zaiyu Guo, Peng Guo Supreme People’s Court / RMIT -- Chapter 23. Siying Wu Dentons -- Chapter 24. Siying Wu Dentons -- Chapter 25. Siying Wu Dentons -- Chapter 26. Chaolin Zhang Nankai University -- Chapter 27. Chaolin Zhang Nankai University -- Chapter 28. Chaolin Zhang Nankai University -- Chapter 29. Chaolin Zhang Nankai University -- Chapter 30. Li Sun Civil Aviation University of China -- Chapter 31. Li Sun Civil Aviation University of China -- Chapter 32. Li Sun Civil Aviation University of China -- Chapter 33. Shaotang Wang, Nankai University -- Chapter 34 -- Shaotang Wang, Nankai University -- Chapter 35. Shaotang Wang, Nankai University -- Chapter 36. Xiaochuan Weng, UNSW -- Chapter 37. Xiaochuan Weng, UNSW -- Chapter 38. Xiaochuan Weng, UNSW -- Chapter 39. Xiaochuan Weng, UNSW -- Chapter 40. Xiaojun Chen, Wincon Law Firm -- Chapter 41. Xiaojun Chen, Wincon Law Firm -- Chapter 42. Xiaojun Chen, Wincon Law Firm -- Chapter 43. Xiaojun Chen, Wincon Law Firm -- Chapter 44. Peng Wang, Nankai University -- Chapter 45. Peng Wang, Nankai University -- Chapter 46. Peng Wang, Nankai University.

Abstract: This book focuses on Chinese cases on the CISG decided by Chinese courts of all levels, mainly from 2006 to 2010. During this period, the number of cases grew gradually. The total number of cases still remained low, the reasons of which might be the following: parties were not familiar with the CISG and therefore decided to opt out of it; in addition, the case collection and report systems in China at that time were not as developed as now, rendering many cases inaccessible. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of selected cases. The analysis of those cases will be on a case by case basis. For each case, an English summary of the judgments will be provided. In the summary, the People’s Court’s approach to the interpretation and application of the CISG will be emphasised. Following the summary are comments of the individual case written either by an academic or a current or former judge from international and comparative perspective to discuss the successes and pitfalls of the interpretation and application of the CISG. This book deals with the cases from 2006 to 2010 in China. These cases reflect how People’s Court of all levels started to deal with various issues arising from the CISG and will help understand whether and how the People’s Courts change their approaches to the interpretation and application of the CISG in future.

Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: The Defaulting State and the Jurisdiction of Annex VII Arbitral Tribunals -- Chapter 3: The Defaulting State and Fact-finding in the South China Sea Arbitration -- Chapter 4: The Defaulting State and the Experts in the South China Sea Arbitration -- Chapter 5: The Defaulting State, the Appointing Authority, and the Judges In the South China Sea Arbitration -- Chapter 6: Summary and Conclusions.

Abstract: This book focuses on the legal and procedural problems caused by China’s default in the South China Sea Arbitration. Many of these problems arose because in several respects, China departed from the conduct of other defaulting States in cases before the International Court of Justice. The book argues that the Tribunal, confronted with the difficulties of maintaining the balance between two parties in a situation of default, drew on the full range of its powers to ensure that neither China nor the Philippines would suffer from China’s default. Further, the book describes the shortcomings of the submissions of putative amicus curiae. It refutes China’s questioning of the independence and impartiality of the experts and of the judges. In so doing, it explains the expert opinions and the Tribunal ’s assessments of the latter in the areas of satellite imagery, coral reef ecology, and navigational safety, while rebutting the half- truths and counter-truths disseminated by Chinese scholars about the proceedings. The book compares China’s threats to the independence of the Tribunal to its behavior towards Chinese judges. It places China’s accusations of bias against the Tribunal in the context of China’s domestic situation, and concludes that the Tribunal, acting independently and impartially, was able to perform the judicial function, despite China’s default. Alfredo C. Robles Jr. is a University Fellow at De La Salle University, Philippines. He holds doctorate degrees from the Université Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), and Syracuse University. He is the author of French Theories of Regulation and Conceptions of the International Division of Labour (1994), The Political Economy of Interregional Relations: ASEAN and the EU (2004), The Asia-Europe Meeting: The Theory and Practice of Interregionalism (2008), The South China Sea Arbitration: Understanding the Awards and Debating with China (2018), Endangered Species and Fragile Ecosystems in the South China Sea: The Philippines v. China Arbitration (2020), and Vessel Collisions in the Law of the Sea: The South China Sea Arbitration (2022).

Abstract: The Nagoya Protocol and International Human Rights Law -- The Principle of Mutual Supportiveness in International Law -- Access -- Benefit-sharing -- Compliance -- Multifaceted Challenges Facing IPLCs and Biodiversity Conservation -- The Complementarity Thesis and its Limitations.

Abstract: This book studies the questions of how and to what extent the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) can be interpreted and implemented in light of international human rights law, with a sharpened focus on Indigenous Peoples and local communities. The complementarity thesis is built upon the understanding that ABS and human rights should not and cannot be isolated from one another in order to achieve their respective objectives. A mutually supportive approach to these two bodies of international law is articulated throughout the chapters, covering a wide range of international treaties and ‘soft’ instruments, as well as the practices of the United Nations, international treaty bodies, courts, other international organizations and sometimes NGOs. Legal researchers, legislators and policymakers, human rights practitioners and indeed anyone interested in the development of a more coherent and integrated system of international ABS framework will find this book helpful, with its succinct coverage of current ABS and human rights laws and practices, their pragmatic implications and possible ways of integration forward.

Abstract: 1. Introduction: Vaccine Basics, Balance of Interests, and the Legal Framework -- Part I: Vaccine Regulation and Monitoring -- 2. Regulation and Testing of Vaccines -- 3. Postmarket Vaccine Safety -- 4. Vaccines and Intellectual Property -- 5. Vaccine Injury Compensation in the United States -- 6. Immunization Information Systems -- 7. Vaccine Regulation in Global Comparison -- Part II: Equity and Vaccines -- 8. Funding Vaccinations in the United States -- 9. Vaccine Equity -- 10. Vaccine Access in Global Comparison -- Part III: Individual Decision Making and Vaccines -- 11. Informed Consent -- 12. Adolescent Consent -- 13. Tort Liability for Failure to Vaccinate -- Part IV: Vaccine Mandates -- 14. Introduction to Vaccines Mandates in the United States -- 15. School Vaccine Mandates and Exemptions -- 16. Workplace Vaccine Mandates -- 17. Federal Vaccine Mandates -- 18. Vaccine Mandates in Global Comparison -- 19. Vaccine Passports for Travel -- Part V: Special Contexts -- 20. Military Vaccinations -- 21. Vaccine Policy in Emergency Situations -- 22. Regulating Vaccine Misinformation Online -- Part VI: Policy -- 23. Vaccine Incentives and Health Insurance Surcharges -- 24. Vaccine Advocacy, Politics, and Anti-vaccine Movements.

Abstract: Vaccine Law and Policy is the first book on vaccine law and policy written specifically for the general public or an educated lay audience without legal background. It offers comprehensive but accessible coverage of key aspects of vaccine law and policy, from product development and intellectual property protections, to regulation, public mandates, and vaccine injury claims. The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a growing interest in learning more about vaccine law and policy, as vaccine development, access, safety and requirements became relevant to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This book covers United States law in most detail, but the developments and trends described have parallels in many countries, and the United States model and its actions influence others. Some of the most widely used vaccines against COVID-19 - mRNA vaccines – were developed in the United States, and choices made in the United States impact other countries. United States law currently has so much to say about vaccines. From the federal mandate President Biden enacted requiring federal employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19, to the growing number of private employers requiring vaccines to return to work, vaccine law has become a prevalent topic in everyday life. But there is little writing about the legal aspects of vaccines directed at the general public or an educated lay audience without a legal background. Vaccine Law and Policy will not only be invaluable to professionals implementing vaccine law and policy, but also to regulators, public health officials, and scientific researchers. Vaccine Law and Policy covers the wide range of laws and policies that impact the field. These include, among others, regulatory oversight by the FDA, one of the most influential bodies in drug and vaccines regulation worldwide, enforcement, and regulation of the research and development of vaccines; vaccine mandates for children and in the workplace, and medical, religious, and philosophical exemptions to them; patent law and other intellectual property protections such as trademark, trade secret, unfair competition, and copyright law; compensation for vaccine injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) and other avenues of liability; safety monitoring; access to vaccines, their promotion, and issues related to funding and costs. The book will also discuss issues related to anti-vaccine movements and vaccine advocacy.

Abstract: 1. Portugal and Iceland: Foreign policy constructed by smallness? -- 2. Portugal, the European Union and Shelter Theory -- 3. A Reluctant European: Iceland and European integration -- 4. Portugal and NATO: enduring alliance or necessary shelter? -- 5. The Small State and the Superpower: Iceland’s Relations with the United States -- 6. Iceland´s Relations with the Nordic States -- 7. Portugal’s contemporary relations with Africa: a limited shelter? -- 8. Sino-Icelandic Relations -- 9. The many shades of shelter: Portugal and Iceland´s quest for political, economic and societal shelter.

Abstract: Foreign policy is one of the most complex policies of every state, and Portugal and Iceland are no exception. The “Small States and Big Powers: Portugal and Iceland’s Foreign Relations” book analyses the importance of relations with big powers or regional and international organisations from a shelter theory perspective, detailing the degree of political, economic and societal shelter that they have provided to Portugal and to Iceland over time. Despite having followed distinct paths, Portugal and Iceland have some important similarities in their foreign policy, namely in relation to the European and the Atlantic dimensions and their participation in regional organisations. The book examines their decisions to join or not to join regional organisations, and both countries’ bilateral relations with other important parts of the world, namely Africa, the Nordic states and China. This book compares the foreign policies of Portugal and Iceland considering their commonly identified status as small states and place them within the shelter theory framework, and its findings indicate that both countries need to balance their international relations with shelter provided by different actors. Their size and political and economic capabilities matter in their bilateral and multilateral relations. It is therefore in both countries’ interest to maintain strong cooperation not only with big powers, but also regional and international organisations, depending on their field of action, in order to flourish politically, economically and socially.

Abstract: NY State Courts -- How the U.S. courts have interpreted the relevance of the U.S. Constitution to environmental law -- The ECHR’s doctrine of legal standing in the era of modern environmental human rights -- Courts, the Environment, and the Irish Constitution -- The legal dimension of the environment in the European legal history -- The role of ECJ -- Administrative Courts and the Environment -- Judicial protection and the climate in the EU legal order in the context of Aarhus Convention -- Biodiversity Law before the Courts -- Climate change : what to ask to Courts” [cover the French administrative law cases "Affaire du Siècle" and "Grande Synthe" with very different approach (damage compensation vs action from State)] -- How German judges decide environmental cases -- Environmental law in the U.S. legal system -- EPA and the evolution of environmental administrative law -- The contribution of the courts to the interpretation of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement – a European Perspective -- The concept of the public interest in environmental law -- The courts as change agents in the evolution of environmental law -- Arbitrating climate change before Investor – State dispute settlement tribunal -- Climate litigation in the Italian legal order -- The Relationship between Criminal Courts and regulatory authorities in the Italian environmental law.

Abstract: This book sheds light on the latest trends in environmental law by analyzing some of the main sectors of law, including administrative law, constitutional law, EU law, US Law, and human rights law. It explores the evolution of these sectors before courts and tribunals from a US-EU perspective and from the perspectives of some of the foremost academics and justices from the major jurisdictions. Supranational and national courts, both in Europe and in the US, have delivered significant environmental judgements in recent years. The corresponding case law reflects how, in many jurisdictions, environmental and climate litigation continues to expand exponentially as a tool to strengthen environmental protection, whether by pushing national governments to be more ambitious or by enforcing existing statutes and regulations. Courts, particularly after the Paris Agreement, are increasingly seeking their own role as an important player in multilevel environmental governance. Courts in both the US and EU are at the forefront of this process and their role in shaping environmental rule of law will be fundamental in the near future.

Abstract: Introduction -- The Linguistic Turn in Jurisprudence -- Legal Language -- Translation of Chinese Legal Classics -- Translation of Modern Laws and Regulations -- Chinese Legal Language Planning in the New Area -- Conclusion.

Abstract: By making a comprehensive and interdisciplinary analysis on the translation history of both the ancient Chinese legal classics and the modern laws and regulations, this book presents a full picture of development of Chinese legal translation. Legal translation in China has undergone twists and turns in the past and always lacked a systematic and comprehensive theoretical framework. Therefore, guided by the language planning theory, this book intends to build a theoretical framework for study and practices of legal translation in the New Era and provide a feasible path for general readers, students of relevant majors, and professionals interested in Chinese legal culture to get a refreshed understanding legal translation and legal culture promotion. .

Abstract: Global Value Chain in the Post Epidemic Era -- Challenges Facing International Economic and Trade Rules -- Official Export Credit Rules -- Competitive Neutrality Rules -- Cross Border E-Commerce and Digital Trade Rules -- Investor-State Dispute Settlement -- International Investment Agreements and the Multilateral Agreement on Investment -- International Regulatory Cooperation -- China's Theories on the Reconstruction of International Rules -- China's Practices to the Reconstruction of International Rules -- Conclusion.

Abstract: This book is the final study report of the key project of the National Social Science Foundation of China, “China and the Reconstruction and Innovation of International Rules in the New Era of Global Value Chain”. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the complex situation of international rule reconstruction and innovation in the new era of the global value chain, this book makes an in-depth and systematic analysis on six types of international rules, namely official export credit rules, international competition rules, cross-border e-commerce and digital trade rules, ISDS, multilateral agreement on investment and international regulatory cooperation. It also introduces the theories and practices of China's engagement in the new round of reconstruction and innovation of international rules.

Abstract: Introduction -- Human Nature Foundation Held by the Classical School of Criminology -- Human Nature Foundation Held by the Positivist School of Criminology -- Freedom of Will: A History of Theories.

Abstract: This book uses humanity-rationality and experience and the freedom of human will as a theoretical perspective to examine the basic framework of criminal law theories constructed by the criminal classic school and the criminal empirical school. The author puts forward the principle of the duality of rationality and experience of humanity and affirms the determinism of human behavior in the ontological sense and the freedom of will in the axiological sense. From this point of view, this book examines the humanistic foundations of crime and punishment, legislation and justice.

Abstract: Meeting the Challenge of the Commons: An Emerging Field of Common Core Research -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Belgium -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Canada -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Croatia -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Germany -- Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Italy -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in The Netherlands -- La Propriété Face aux Défis des biens Communs au Québec -- Property Meeting the Challenges of the Commons in Russia -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Slovakia -- Property Meeting the Challenges of the Commons in South Africa -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Spain -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in Sweden -- Property Meeting the Challenge of the Commons in the United States.

Abstract: This book explores the challenge that the commons present to the private-public dichotomy in a wide variety of national legal systems representing the West European legal tradition as well as post-socialist and post-colonial experiences. It presents national reports from 13 jurisdictions, ranging from Belgium and the South Africa to the US. Constituting the outcome of the 20th General Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law, held in Fukuoka, Japan in July 2018, it offers a valuable and unique resource for the study of comparative law.

Abstract: 1. Introduction on Interim Measures and Cross-Border Disputes -- 2. Basis and Jurisdiction to Grant Interim Measures -- 3. Nature, Operation, Types of Interim Measures -- 4. Enforcement of Interim Measures -- 5. Interim Measures in Other Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies -- 6. Assessment -- 7. Summary of results. Conclusion. .

Abstract: The book focusses on applying a holistic overview of interim measures and associated procedures in the context of cross-border private law (civil and commercial) disputes that are the subject of international litigation and arbitration proceedings. It reexamines key features of said problem and outlines novel findings on interim relief in the area of international dispute resolution. The book analyses the rules of EU law (EU law regulations such as the Regulation Brussels Ibis and the rest of the Brussels regime) as the single system of cross-border jurisdictional rules, as well as the rules of international arbitration (both commercial and investment). In the process, it conducts a complete mapping of interim measures problems and explores the criteria for granting relief under national laws. For this purpose, it includes an extensive comparative law overview of many jurisdictions in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, etc., to reveal common standards for granting interim relief. Interim relief is a salient problem in dispute resolution, and serious international disputes usually require requests for such measures. This makes a more complete understanding all the more important. For scholars and practitioners alike, there are various ways to seek relief; precisely this complexity calls for a more complex and multilayered analysis, which does not (as is usually the case) adopt the perspective of either litigation or arbitration, but instead weighs the pros and cons and considers the viability and reliability of the different options, viewed from all angles.

Abstract: Introduction -- Overview of tax incentives as subsidies in the context of international trade and competition: rationale for granting and regulating tax incentives -- Subsidy rules of the WTO and State aid law in the EU -- The internal benchmark and Chinese tax incentives -- Testing Chinese tax incentives against the ASCM and EU State aid law -- The origins of the differences in the testing results -- Recommendations for Chinese tax incentives and the future for the WTO’s subsidy rules -- Summary and conclusions.

Abstract: The book provides insights to the alleviation of tensions between Chinese tax incentives and the WTO’s subsidy rules, thus further offering implications for both China and the WTO on integrating in the world economy. Moreover, doing a comparative study with EU State aid law can also provide China with a source of inspiration for reviewing its legal mechanism in respect of tax incentives and the WTO for rethinking its subsidy rules with regard to achieving its objectives and purposes. Academics and students in related subject will be interested to read the book. Practitioners doing business related to China, EU and international trade can be very interested in this book. Policymakers in both China and EU can also get valuable knowledge and inspiration from the book.

Abstract: Chapter 1. The Chinese Dream Is Also A Dream of Pursuing Human Rights -- Chapter 2. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- Chapter 3. Civil and Political Rights -- Chapter 4. Rights of Ethnic Minorities -- Chapter 5. Rights of Women -- Chapter 6. Rights of the Child -- Chapter 7. Rights of the Elderly -- Chapter 8. Rights of Persons with Disabilities -- Chapter 9. China and Global Human Rights Governance.

Abstract: This book describes the development of human rights in the People's Republic of China since 1949. In particular, since the reform and opening-up, China has deepened its understanding of the rule of law and human rights, and realized the incorporation of human rights into the Constitution. The cause of human rights in China has entered a period of rapid development in a planned and step-by-step manner, and a path of human rights development suited to China's national conditions has been set out. China's international exchanges and cooperation in the field of human rights have gradually deepened and strengthened, and China has made unique contributions, becoming a participant, builder and contributor to international human rights governance.

Abstract: Introduction -- Introduction to FDL and the Nature of FDL Claims -- Multinational Corporate Groups, Their Position in International Law and Regulating Multinational Corporate Groups -- Comparative Analysis of Substantive Legal Grounds for FDL -- A Comparative Analysis of FDL under Private International Law -- Conclusion.

Abstract: Multinational corporate groups are important actors in today’s global economy, with the power to impact the masses through their activities. National legal systems, which usually have no extraterritorial authority, remain insufficient to regulate the activities of multinational corporate groups, which operate worldwide, not only in the countries where the parent companies reside (home country), but also in countries where the subsidiaries operate (host countries). The mentioned lack of an effective legislation leads to an unjust imbalance – to the benefit of multinational corporate groups and to the detriment, especially, of involuntary creditors, such as tort victims of corporate activities, which predominantly concern human rights abuses and environmental violations. Against this backdrop, the book firstly assesses the position of multinational corporate groups in international law and then discusses potential reforms to corporate law that would allow for a multi-stakeholder approach. It analyses certain aspects of Turkish tort law that could potentially accommodate liability claims against the parent companies of multinational corporate groups for damage incurred due to their transnational subsidiaries’ activities (referred to as ‘foreign direct liability’ in legal doctrine). To this end, the potential legal grounds of fault liability and strict liability are assessed under Turkish law, with a particular focus on the duty of care, in comparison with the corresponding case law in the UK and the Netherlands. Mandatory human rights due diligence is also analysed with a view to proposing a new regulation in Turkish law. Lastly, the aspects of foreign direct liability claims related to private international law are assessed in order to answer the questions of jurisdiction and applicable law within the scope of a comparative legal study.

Abstract: Part I EPIL in China: Historical Development and Theoretical Foundations -- Environmental Public Interest Litigation in China - An Overview -- Historical Development of Environmental Public Interest Litigation (EPIL) in China -- Defining Public Interest under the Environmental Public Interest Litigation System -- From Compensation to Prevention: Expanding the Function of EPIL in China -- The Standing to Sue of NGOs in Environmental Public Interest Litigation in China: A Doctrinal Analysis of Laws and Cases -- Environmental Public Interest Litigation and the Application of Civil Code -- Part II Substantive and Procedural Issues about EPIL In China -- Procuratorates at the Crossroad: Performance, Controversies and Prospects of Procuratorial EPIL in China -- Litigation for Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation in China: EPIL with Typical Chinese Characteristics -- The Role of NGOs in China’s Environmental Public Interest Litigation -- Regulating through Litigation: Regulatory Functions of NGO-Led Civil Environmental Public Interest Litigation in China -- From Advocators to Rule Makers: Exploring the Role of Chinese Lawyers in Environmental Law Making and Public Interest Litigation -- Three-dimensional Model of Expertise-input for EPIL in China -- Judicial Application of Ecological Remediation Liability in EPIL: A Commentary to the Guiding Cases, Gazettes Cases and Model Cases of the SPC in China -- Looking Backwards, Looking Forwards: Environmental Public Interest Litigation in Soil Pollution Law -- Part III Reform the EPIL System in China: Problems and Solutions -- The Erroneous Setting of the Essential Attribute of Environmental Public Interest Liability in China -- From the Ternary Model to the Binary Model - On the Reconstruction of Litigation Systems for Environmental Public Interest -- Drawbacks in the System Design of the Environmental Public Interest Litigation and Ways for Improvement.

Abstract: This book offers readers an accessible and broad-ranging guide to Environmental Public Interest Litigation (EPIL), which has burgeoned in China over the past decade. The aim of this book is to provide a systematic review of Chinese experiences with EPIL in environmental matters, both with a view to gauging its success to date and well as discussing some more critical aspects. To this end, the book systematically examines the establishment and development of EPIL in China's legal, social, and political contexts. It examines particularly the significant role and functions of EPIL in China's environmental governance, and the far-reaching impacts on Chinese civil society and governments. It also offers readers an insiders' perspective in terms of procedural and substantive issues with respect to EPIL, by reviewing the institutional designs, theoretical underpinnings and specific mechanisms, the roles of various participants and stakeholders involved in this legal process. At the same time, it studies leading EPIL cases raised from environmental pollution, natural resource damage and ecological damage, and the effectiveness of environmental adjudication that sustains EPIL as a new form of judicial instrument. This book is written to remedy the gap between Chinese and English literature in this area of law. The analysis of these issues, through a historic and comparative perspective, reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the current legal regime and serves as a basis for recommendations for bringing about more effective EPIL in China.