Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Frobenius-Institut  (92)
  • English  (87)
  • Spanish  (5)
  • Undetermined
  • Hamburg : GIGA  (92)
Datasource
Material
Language
  • English  (87)
  • Spanish  (5)
  • Undetermined
  • German  (77)
Years
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elections and government legitimacy in fragile states (2021)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Edition: web_Afrika_2021_07_en.pdf
    Series Statement: GIGA Focus. Afrika 2021, No. 7 (December 2021)
    Keywords: Mali Guinea ; Afghanistan ; Regierung ; Politik und Gesellschaft ; Geschichte, politische
    Abstract: Innerhalb eines Jahres sind in Mali, Afghanistan und Guinea drei gewählte, zivile Regierungen zusammengebrochen. Die Machtergreifung durch das Militär in Mali und Guinea und durch die Taliban in Afghanistan war zwar mit Furcht vor Repressionen verbunden, aber viele Bürgerinnen und Bürger nahmen sie bereitwillig hin, weil die zivilen Vorgängerregierungen als korrupt und gescheitert wahrgenommen wurden. Diese Entwicklungen geben Anlass, die Legitimität von Regierungen in fragilen Staaten neu zu hinterfragen.Within just one year, the world witnessed the collapse of elected governments in Mali, Afghanistan, and Guinea. While the power grabs by military juntas in Mali and Guinea and by the Taliban in Afghanistan caused fear among the respective populations, many citizens were also willing to acquiesce to the overtaking forces, because the deposed civilian governments were perceived as failing and corrupt. These developments highlight important lessons about government legitimacy in fragile states.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Promoting peace and democracy through party regulation? : Ethnic party bans in Africa (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 66
    Keywords: Afrika, Subsahara Ethnizität ; Konflikt, ethnischer ; Demokratie ; Politisches System
    Abstract: Since the sweeping (re)introduction of multiparty systems in the early 1990s almost all sub-Saharan countries have introduced bans on ethnic or - in more general terms - particularistic parties. Such party bans have been neglected in research, and this paper engages in a preliminary analysis of their effects on democracy and peace. Theoretically, particularistic party bans can block particularisms from entering politics but also run the risk of forcing groups to resort to extra-legal or violent means. Neutral or context-dependent effects are also possible. Applying macro-qualitative comparison and bivariate statistics on the basis of a unique inventory of party bans and readily available indicators for the dependent variables, no simple connection can be detected. Rather, context conditions seem to be of superior explanatory power. We also find a systematic connection between party bans and variables that could be conceptualized as the causes of their implementation.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Discourses on violence in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua : Laws and the construction of drug- and gender-related violence (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 72
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Costa Rica ; El Salvador ; Nicaragua ; Gewalt ; Gewalt, sexuelle ; Recht ; Kriminalität ; Rausch- und Genußmittel
    Abstract: In Central America, legislation aiming to reduce violence and crime has become an important topic in the security debate. Focusing on Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, this paper analyzes laws and other legal texts regarding the trade in and consumption of drugs on the one hand, and gender-related violence on the other. It shows how the content and the wording of legal texts contribute to the social construction of stereotyped offenders, such as youth gang members, drug users, or foreign nationals. The legal texts in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua reflect both the hegemonic and the counter-discursive influences on each country`s legal discourse.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 4
    Book
    Book
    EU-African economic relations : Continuing dominance traded for aid? (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 82
    Keywords: Europa Afrika ; Beziehungen Afrika-Europa ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kolonialismus ; Migration
    Abstract: Promising growth rates, increased trade, and competition among major global players for African resources have boosted the development and bargaining power of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in relation to the EU. However, Africa's least developed countries remain vulnerable to external shocks. Academic analysis is still too heavily influenced by scholastic controversies. Neither the controversy over "big-push" concepts nor the blaming of African culture as an impediment to growth or good government do justice to the real issues at stake. Even beyond the aftermath of (neo)colonialism, and notwithstanding continuing deficits in good government in many African countries, the EU bears responsibility for the fragile state of many African economies. The self-interested trade policies of the EU and other world powers contribute to poverty and unsatisfactory development in SSA. This threatens to perpetuate asymmetrical power relations in the new Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), to the detriment of regional integration and pro-poor growth. However, mounting competition between China and other global players for Africa's resources is resulting in windfall profits for Africa. The latter is leading to a revival of seesaw politics, already known from the times of the Cold War, on the part of African states. This could be profitable for Africa's power elite, but not necessarily for Africa's poor.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 5
    Book
    Book
    China, Japan and the quest for leadership in East Asia (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 67
    Keywords: China Japan ; Hegemonie ; Ost-Asien ; Regionalismus ; Beziehungen, internationale
    Description / Table of Contents: The leadership of powerful states in processes of regional institutionalization is a significant, though still widely ignored topic in the field of International Relations (IR). This study asks about the theoretical conditions of effective leadership in international institution-building, using China`s and Japan`s roles in East Asian regionalism as an empirical test case. It addresses the question of what actually happens when states perform the role of leader. Specifically, it focuses on the process of negotiating leadership claims, and different hypotheses are presented as to the requirements of effective leadership in international affairs. The findings point to the fact that leadership is effective and sustainable when foreign elites acknowledge the leader`s vision of international order and internalize it as their own. Leadership roles are often disputed and are constituted of shared ideas about self, other, and the world, relying on the intersubjective internalization of ideas, norms, and identities.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Gain seeking in a "double security dilemma" : The case of OPEC (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 71
    Keywords: Iran Irak ; Krisenbewältigung ; Sicherheit ; OPEC ; Organisation Erdölexportierender Länder 〉 OPEC ; Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 〉 OPEC
    Abstract: The remarkable stability of the cooperation among the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has generally been explained by these members` mutual dependency on high and stable oil revenues. Since the OPEC countries, however, face the double security dilemma of both domestic and external security threats, they are not simply eager to secure (absolute) oil revenues for the sake of domestic stability; they are also sensitive to the (relative) oil revenues of their competing or even conflicting partners. The existing approaches of rational egoism and defensive positionalism have proven to be rather inadequate in explaining this kind of gain-seeking behavior. This paper therefore develops the new theoretical approach of "gain-seeking mentalities," with the objective of tracing variations in OPEC members` gain-seeking behaviors. Using this approach, the empirical assessment of Iran and Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War and Iraq during the Gulf War of 1990/91 shows the extent to which Iran and Iraq altered their gain-seeking behavior as a result of a changing constellation of threats.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 7
    Book
    Book
    The "_ambivalence of the sacred" in Africa : The impact of religion on peace and conflict in sub-Saharan Africa (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 70
    Keywords: Afrika, Subsahara Religion und Politik ; Krisenbewältigung
    Abstract: Given the widespread focus on socioeconomic factors, it comes as no surprise that religion is neglected in most theoretical explanations of African civil conflicts. While scholarly interest is increasing in light of the civil wars in Sudan, Nigeria, and northern Uganda, no systematic empirical analysis has been undertaken to date. Hence, this paper aims to provide a preliminary assessment of the role of religions in sub-Saharan civil conflicts. Quantitative and qualitative analysis based on a newly compiled database including 28 violent conflicts show that religion plays a role more frequently than is usually assumed and that the effects of religions are principally ambiguous. Religious actors and institutions have escalating effects in many cases, yet more often they become active for peace. Religious identities and ideas seem to have a particular impact on conflict. Even though religion seems secondary when compared to classical "risk factors," the findings demonstrate that religious factors have to be taken seriously when analyzing civil conflicts in Africa.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 8
    Book
    Book
    The _evolution of cleavages in the Indonesian party system (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 74
    Keywords: Indonesien Politische Partei ; Politisches System ; Geschichte, politische
    Abstract: The basic patterns of the initial Indonesian party system have reemerged after more than four decades of authoritarianism. The cleavage model by Lipset and Rokkan is well-suited to analyzing the genesis of and the most salient features of this party system. However, in applying the approach, some adjustments have to be made. For instance, the national and industrial revolutions have to be conceived of differently. Moreover, it is useful to distinguish critical phases in the formation of parties. The four cleavages have to be reinterpreted and additional ones need to be identified. In Indonesia, economic cleavages are hardly significant in conflicts between political parties (especially the "capital" versus "labour" cleavage) or are expressed in terms of religion or allegiance to political leaders based in a specific region ("urban" versus "rural"). In addition, in comparison with 1999 and particularly with the 1950s, today`s cleavages are less marked. Thus, the Lipset-Rokkan model has to be combined with other approaches which underline the importance of clientelism and the dealignment of parties.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Empire, hegemony, and leadership : Developing a research framework for the study of regional powers (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 79
    Keywords: Regionalismus Hegemonie
    Abstract: Regional powers are often conceived of as "regional leading powers," states which adopt a cooperative and benevolent attitude in their international relations with their neighbors. The paper argues that regional powers can follow a much wider range of foreign policy strategies in their region. Three ideal-typical regional strategies are identified: empire, hegemony, and leadership. The paper is devoted to a theory-led distinction and clarification of these three terms, which are often used interchangeably in the field of international relations. According to the goals pursued, to the means employed, and to other discriminating features such as the degree of legitimation and the type of self-representation by the dominant state, the paper outlines the essential traits of imperial, hegemonic, and leading strategies and identifies subtypes for better classifying hegemony and leadership.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 10
    Book
    Book
    Not always in the people's interest : Power-sharing arrangements in African peace agreements (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 83
    Keywords: Zentralafrikanische Republik Elfenbeinküste ; Liberia ; Frieden ; Konfliktmanagement ; Macht
    Abstract: Peace agreements form a crucial element of strategies to bring security from outside: they involve third-party mediators during the negotiation stage and often peacekeeping troops to guarantee the agreement at an implementation stage. Peace roundtables usually involve top politicians and military leaders, who negotiate, sign, and/or benefit from the agreement. What is usually and conspicuously absent from peace negotiations is broad-based participation by those who should benefit in the first place: citizens. More specifically, the local level of security provision and insecurity production is rarely taken into account. This paper reviews parts of the academic debate on power sharing and war termination, touching on some key findings by the main researchers working on the topic. The ambivalent African experience with Arend Lijphart`s four main ingredients of consociational democracy (grand coalition, minority veto, proportional representation, group autonomy) is summarized. Recent major African peace agreements (1999-2007) are analyzed, and their power-sharing content detailed. Most agreements contain some—though varying—power-sharing devices. Most striking is the variation regarding the important question of who is sharing power with whom. Obviously, only those present at the negotiation table can really count on being included in major ways. Finally, three country cases are analyzed over a longer time period: Côte d`Ivoire (2002-2007), Liberia (1994-2003), and Central African Republic (1996-2007). The conclusion focuses on the factors of failure of peace agreements that place a heavy emphasis on power sharing.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 11
    Book
    Book
    Business constraints and growth potential of micro and small manufacturing enterprises in Uganda (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 78
    Keywords: Uganda Unternehmen ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte
    Abstract: Ugandan micro- and small enterprises (MSEs) still perform poorly. The paper utilizes data collected in Uganda in March and April 2003 to analyze the business constraints faced by these MSEs. Using a stratified random sampling, a sample of 265 MSEs were interviewed. The study focuses on the 105 manufacturing firms that responded to all questions. It examines the extent to which the growth of MSEs is associated with business constraints, while also controlling for owners` attributes and firms` characteristics. The results reveal that MSEs` growth potential is negatively affected by limited access to productive resources (finance and business services), by high taxes, and by lack of market access.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 12
    Book
    Book
    Discourses on violence in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua : social perceptions in everyday life (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 81
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Costa Rica ; El Salvador ; Nicaragua ; Alltag ; Soziale Bedingungen ; Soziales Leben ; Gewalt
    Abstract: Central America has the reputation of being a violent region with high crime rates, youth gangs, drug traffic, and ubiquitous insecurity. Politicians, the media, and social scientists in and outside the region often claim that the societies are in complete agreement with their judgment of the situation and that all society members are calling for law and order and social segregation. Focusing on Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, the paper analyzes the social perception of violence and crime. On the basis of essays written by secondary school students and interviews with citizens from all walks of life in the three countries, the paper points out how elite arguments on violence and crime are translated into everyday life, and what society members suggest be done to deal with these problems. The sources prove that there are noticeable hegemonic discourses on violence and crime in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Simultaneously, a majority of the respondents call for social and integrative solutions rather than the so-called "iron fist." The repressive trend in Central American policies therefore does not necessarily receive the presumed affirmation asserted by many authorities on and in the region.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 13
    Book
    Book
    Structural stability : On the prerequisites of nonviolent conflict management (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 75
    Keywords: Konfliktmanagement Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; OECD ; Europäische Union
    Abstract: The concept of "structural stability" has been gaining prominence in development policy circles. In the EU`s and the OECD Development Assistance Committee`s (OECD DAC) understanding, it describes the ability of societies to handle intra-societal conflict without resorting to violence. This study investigates the preconditions of structural stability and tests their mutual interconnections. Seven dimensions are analyzed: (1) long-term economic growth, (2) environmental security, (3) social equality, (4) governmental effectiveness, (5) democracy, (6) rule of law, and (7) inclusion of identity groups. The postulated mutual enhancement of the seven dimensions is plausible but cannot be proven. The most significant positive relationship appears between "democracy" and "rule of law," respectively, on the one hand and the dependent variable "violence/ human security" on the other hand. This points to the usefulness of the political concept of structural stability to promote development policy agendas in this area at least. Applications that reach beyond these initial findings will, however, require further research.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 14
    Book
    Book
    Developing a contextually relevant concept of regional hegemony : the case of South Africa, Zimbabwe and "quiet diplomacy" (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 77
    Keywords: Südafrika Simbabwe ; Hegemonie ; Diplomatie
    Abstract: South Africa`s "quiet diplomacy" has been often used to reject the notion of South African leadership or regional hegemony in southern Africa. This article finds that this evaluation is founded on a misguided understanding of regional hegemony, which is based on conventional hegemony theories that are mostly derived from the global role of the United States after World War II. Alternatively, this article uses a concept of hegemony that, for example, takes into account the "regionality" of South Africa`s hegemony, which both allows external actors to impact on regional relations and allows South Africa to pursue its foreign policy goals on the global level of international politics. This concept helps to systemically analyze South Africa's foreign policy in the Zimbabwean crisis and to better integrate this policy into the broader framework of its regional and global ambitions.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 15
    Book
    Book
    Social movements as agents of innovation : citizen journalism in South Korea (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 73
    Keywords: Südkorea Presse ; Mobilität ; Mobilität, soziale ; Soziale Medien ; Demokratisierung
    Abstract: This article aims to further develop the field of innovation studies by exploring the emergence of citizen journalism in South Korea`s social movement sector. To achieve this aim, the framework of innovation theory has been extended to innovations in social fields beyond technology and the economy. Our findings show that the emergence of citizen journalism resulted from brokerage activities among journalists, labor and unification activists, and progressive intellectuals. Despite different cultural visions and structural interests, these groups succeeded in building coalitions and constituted a sociocultural milieu which promoted reciprocal learning by allowing actors to realize new ideas and to exchange experiences. The empirical part of the study is based on a social network analysis of social movement groups and alternative media organizations active in South Korea between 1995 and 2002.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 16
    Book
    Book
    Discourses on violence in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua : youth, crime, and the responses of the state (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 80
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Costa Rica ; El Salvador ; Nicaragua ; Gewalt ; Jugendlicher ; Kriminalität
    Abstract: The paper analyzes the social construction of youth violence in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador on the one hand, and the related security policies of the three states, on the other. In each country, there is an idiosyncratic way of constructing youth violence and juvenile delinquency. Also, each country has its own manner of reaction to those problems. In El Salvador youths are socially constructed as a threat to security, and the state implements predominantly repressive policies to protect citizens against that threat. In Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where the social discourse on youth violence is less prominent, the state's policies are neither very accentuated nor very coherent, whether in terms of repressive or nonrepressive measures. There are strong relations and mutual influences between the public's fear (or disregard) of youth violence and the state's policies to reduce it.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 17
    Book
    Book
    Constraints to economic development and growth in the Middle East and North Africa (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 85
    Keywords: Mittlerer Osten Nordafrika ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt ; Entwicklung, wirtschaftliche
    Abstract: When comparing the speed and extent of economic development in different geographic regions of the world over the past 20 years, the under-average performance of Arab countries in general and Arab Mediterranean countries in particular is striking. This is despite an overall favorable geo-strategic situation at the crossroads of three continents, with excellent connections to sea and waterways and in direct proximity to the European Union, one of the world`s economic hubs. It is also despite the minor importance of negative factors such as a high-burden diseases or high levels of ethnic fractionalization.In this paper, I focus on identifying the most important constraints on Arab Mediterranean economic development. I use state-of-the-art econometric tools to quantify constraints that have been identified through economic theory and studies of the political economy characteristics of the region. The empirical results offer support for the central hypothesis that limited technological capacities and political economy structures are the primary constraints on economic development. With a view to international structural adjustment efforts, my findings imply that the limited success of the Euro-Mediterranean policy to stimulate the economic development of the Arab Mediterranean countries might be because structural adjustment efforts do not tackle—or at least do not sufficiently tackle—these constraints.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 18
    Book
    Book
    Do qualitative data help in addressing Central American violence? : Research note on data collection (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 76
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Gewalt
    Abstract: Taking as its point of departure debates on the value of criminal statistics and victimization surveys, this article explores the methodological challenge of an alternative approach to Central American violence(s). How can we collect qualitative data that help address the social construction of (in)security? The research project "Public Spaces and Violence in Central America" used multiple data sources, including guided interviews and pupils` essays. Drawing on research experience in Nicaragua, this paper asks, How can we collect data that reveal lifeworld experiences as well as hegemonic and counter-discourses on violence? Why is it crucial to keep a research diary? What is a "failed" or a "good" interview? This article argues for a research design based on theoretical considerations, impulsiveness and, most notably, constant self-reflection.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Ethnic coalitions of convenience and commitment : Political parties and party systems in Kenya (2008)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 68
    Keywords: Kenia Beziehungen, interethnische ; Politische Partei ; Politisches System
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the role of ethnicity in shaping the character of Kenya`s political parties and its party system since 1992. Drawing on a constructivist conception of ethnicity, it uses a framework of comparison derived from Donald Horowitz and distinguishes between three party types: the mono-ethnic party, the multi-ethnic alliance type and the multi-ethnic integrative type. It shows that although Kenyan parties have increasingly incorporated diverse communities, they have consistently failed to bridge the country`s dominant ethnic cleavages. Consequently, all of Kenya`s significant parties represent ethnic coalitions of convenience and commitment and, thus, ethnic parties. The paper further states that the country`s post-2007 political environment is a by-product of the omnipresence of this party type.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 20
    Book
    Book
    The _role of southern actors in global governance : the fight against HIV/AIDS (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 46
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer HIV ; Beziehungen, internationale ; Globalisierung ; Politik ; Regierung ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This paper analyses the role of actors from developing countries in global processes of policy making and governance. To systematically examine the channels of influence of Southern actors and the interactions in global governance it develops the concept of interfaces. It differentiates between organisational, discoursive, legal and resource-transfer interfaces in global governance. This approach is exemplified in the analysis of a specific field of global governance, the global fight against HIV/AIDS. The paper examines the role of Southern governments and non-state actors in the central organisations of global health, their influence in debates and discourses on strategies to fight HIV/AIDS, and the financing mechanisms that were introduced to fight HIV/AIDS in the developing world. It shows that albeit actors from Northern countries dominate global governance in general, in particular areas the current institutional setting of global governance provides significant opportunities for rather weak actors such as civil society organisations and governments from the South to influence strategies and policies.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 21
    Book
    Book
    Oligopolies of violence in post-conflict societies (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 62
    Keywords: Krisenbewältigung Bürgerkrieg ; Gesellschaft
    Abstract: In post-conflict societies, security is provided by a broad range of actors including the state as well as various non-state formations. The paper identifies three types of post-conflict societies and analyses dynamics of the security market in cases where international troops have intervened. A comparison of seven countries shows that intervention forces were able to establish themselves as market leaders when a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) program was successfully conducted in the immediate post-conflict period. Such a program should be embedded in an inclusive peace agreement that is backed up by a credible and robust troop commitment from the international community.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 22
    Book
    Book
    The _potential of regional integration agreements (RIAs) in enhancing the credibility of reform : The case of the Syrian-European Association agreement (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 51
    Keywords: Syrien Europa ; Entwicklung, wirtschaftliche ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Abstract: The effect of `locking-in` economic reform and enhancing its credibility is generally re-garded as one of the most important potential effects of regional integration. Based on a detailed review of the theoretical debate, this paper develops a general framework for as-sessment to evaluate the ability of RIAs to serve as effective mechanisms for `commit-ment` and `signalling`. In the second part, this assessment framework is applied to the case of the Syrian-European Association Agreement (AA). Syria initialled an AA with the European Union in October 2004, but two and a half years later, this agreement is still pending formal signature. The empirical findings of this study show that despite several shortcomings, the Syrian-European AA, if it were to come into force, should be able to deliver an appropriate mechanism for signalling and commitment and thus to improve the credibility of the Syrian process of reform at home and abroad. A major loophole of the agreement, however, is represented by its lack of incentives to increase the `rewards for good policy`.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 23
    Book
    Book
    The _role and development of technology-intensive suppliers in resource-based economies : A literature review (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 60
    Keywords: Entwicklung, wirtschaftliche Rohstoff ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt
    Abstract: Scholars of institutional design attribute large importance to the choice of new institutions. The comparative analysis of how Rwanda and Zambia crafted their new electoral systems and the systems of government regards procedural, structural and rational choice variables which may influence the option for particular solutions. External influences and the type of transition are determinants that can decide which actors make their interests prevail. The degree of innovation or conservatism of new institutions is mainly a result of the speed of the process and the kind of actors involved. However, rational reflections on how to produce legitimacy and minimize personal risks which take into consideration the state of conflict in the country decide on the speed and on innovative outcomes. The structured analysis of only two cases uncovers already that it is rather difficult to realise the transfer of design recommendations into reality.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 24
    Book
    Book
    Political party and party system institutionalisation in Southeast Asia : A comparison of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 44
    Keywords: Südostasien Indonesien ; Philippinen ; Thailand ; Politik ; Politische Partei
    Abstract: It is generally acknowledged that a higher degree of party and party system institutionalisation is positively correlated with the consolidation of democracy. It is, thus, useful to compare different levels and types of institutionalisation. In this article the distinction made by Levitsky (`value infusion` vs. `behavioural routinisation`) with reference to party institutionalisation will be employed. Moreover, institutionalised party systems are characterized, according to Mainwaring and Torcal, by `stability of interparty competition`. The empirical research of this paper finds that the early organisational consolidation of social cleavages, such as in Indonesia, enhances institutionalisation. Furthermore, the relation between central and local elites appears to be essential: strong bosses or cliques undermine institutionalisation in the Philippines and in Thailand respectively. Most Indonesian parties are better institutionalised than those in the Philippines and Thailand with reference to `value infusion`. In addition, the party system in Indonesia is better institutionalised in terms of `stability of interparty competition`.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 25
    Book
    Book
    Patronage-preserving federalism? : Legislative malapportionment and subnational fiscal policies in Argentina (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 52
    Keywords: Argentinien Finanzwesen
    Abstract: This paper builds on institutional analysis to generate new conclusions about the economic viability of federalism. It does so by suggesting that Weingast´s seminal model of marketpreserving federalism falls short of accounting for the poor fiscal performance of multitiered systems in the developing world. This theoretical deficiency stems to a large extent from the insufficient attention paid by this model to the institutional complexity of federal systems, particularly the public policy effects of legislative malapportionment. Subsequent to an analytical discussion of the potential public spending and distributive politics distortions resulting from overrepresentation, we offer preliminary empirical evidence from Argentina, a federation exhibiting one of the most decentralized fiscal systems in the world and severe imbalances in the territorial distribution of legislative and economic resources. The findings show not only that said imbalances lead to sub-optimal fiscal results but also that they have a mutually-reinforcing relationship with regionalized patronage.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 26
    Book
    Book
    The _EU's foreign policy after the fifth enlargement : Any change in its Taiwan policy? (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 42
    Keywords: Europa Außenpolitik ; China ; Taiwan
    Abstract: On 1 May 2004, the world witnessed the largest expansion in the history of the European Union (EU). This process has lent new weight to the idea of an expanded EU involvement in East Asia. This paper will examine the question of whether there has been a change in the EU`s foreign policy with respect to its Taiwan policy after the fifth enlargement. It analyses the EU`s policy statements on Asia and China to find evidence. The political behaviour of the EU has not changed, although there has been a slight modification in rhetoric. The EU - notwithstanding its claim to be a global actor - currently continues to keep itself out of one of the biggest conflicts in East Asia. The new members` interests in the East Asia region are too weak to alter the EU`s agenda, and their economic priorities are rather linked to the programmes of the EU than vice versa.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 27
    Book
    Book
    Boda-bodas rule : Non-agricultural activities and their inequality implications in Western Kenya (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 48
    Keywords: Kenia Afrika, Subsahara ; Arbeit ; Geld ; Armut ; Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Engagement in non-agricultural activities in rural areas can be classified into survival-led or opportunity-led. Survival-led diversification would decrease inequality by increasing the incomes of poorer households and thus reduce poverty. By contrast, opportunity-led diversification would increase inequality and have a minor effect on poverty, as it tends to be confined to non-poor households. Using data from Western Kenya, we confirm the existence of the differently motivated diversification strategies. Yet, the poverty and inequality implications differ somewhat from our expectations. Our findings indicate that in addition to asset constraints, rural households also face limited or relatively risky high-return opportunities outside agriculture.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Why reform fails : the 'politics of policies' in Costa Rican telecommunications liberalization (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers No. 47
    Keywords: Lateinamerika Costa Rica ; Telekommunikation ; Reform
    Abstract: As the 'Washington Consensus' reforms are losing momentum in Latin America, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) is calling for shifting the focus from the content of policy choices to the political process of their implementation. As this paper studies the paradigmatic case of telecommunications reform in Costa Rica it underscores the importance of these 'politics of policies'. The analysis finds, however, that the failure of repeated liberalization initiatives was not only due to policy-makers' errors in steering the project through 'the messy world of politics' (IDB); instead, as liberalization remained unpopular, policy content indeed mattered, and only the interaction of both explains the outcome. Particular attention is drawn to the political feed-back effects, as the failed reform, precisely because it had been backed by bi-partisan support, became a catalyst for the disintegration of the country's long-standing two-party system.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The _EU's foreign policy after the fifth enlargement : any change in its Taiwan policy? (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 42
    Keywords: Europa Außenpolitik ; China ; Taiwan
    Abstract: On 1 May 2004, the world witnessed the largest expansion in the history of the European Union (EU). This process has lent new weight to the idea of an expanded EU involvement in East Asia. This paper will examine the question of whether there has been a change in the EU`s foreign policy with respect to its Taiwan policy after the fifth enlargement. It analyses the EU`s policy statements on Asia and China to find evidence. The political behaviour of the EU has not changed, although there has been a slight modification in rhetoric. The EU - notwithstanding its claim to be a global actor - currently continues to keep itself out of one of the biggest conflicts in East Asia. The new members` interests in the East Asia region are too weak to alter the EU`s agenda, and their economic priorities are rather linked to the programmes of the EU than vice versa. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Impact of Enlargement on Foreign Policy -- 3. Five Arguments for a Possible Modification in the EU-25`s Policy towards Taiwan -- 4. Five Arguments against Any Modification -- 5. The European Parliament as a Proponent of a New Policy towards Taiwan -- 6. The EU`s Policy Statements: Nothing New but Rhetoric -- 7. The Paradigmatic Debate about the Arms Embargo -- 8. Do Economic Relations with Taiwan Have Any Impact? -- 9. The CEECs` Relations with Taiwan -- 10. Conclusion: Still Just Talking Business
    Note: An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 23rd Taiwan-European Conference: 'The Emerging Global Role and Tasks of the European Union', in Taipei, Taiwan, 19-20 December 2006.Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 35-39Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Securing household income among small-scale farmers in Kakamega district : possibilities and limitations of diversification (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 41
    Keywords: Kenia Landwirtschaft ; Bauer ; Krisenbewältigung
    Abstract: In the debate of sustainable rural livelihoods, diversification is seen as a way to secure incomes and to increase food security. On the basis of a data set on income security, this paper analyses to what extent this applies to small-scale farmers in Kakamega District, Kenya. Using the sustainable rural livelihoods approach, this paper draws the conclusion, that (1) diversification in agricultural production is not sufficient for securing rural livelihoods in Kakamega District; (2) a sufficient income diversification depends heavily on requirements like access to education, infrastructure, as well as investment capital; and (3) small-scale farmers in Kakamega District in most cases lack these requirements, therefore not being able to achieve secure household incomes or increased food security. (Abstract)
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 32-34Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boda-bodas rule : Non-agricultural activities and their inequality implications in Western Kenya (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers No. 48
    Keywords: Kenia Afrika, Subsahara ; Arbeit ; Geld ; Armut ; Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Engagement in non-agricultural activities in rural areas can be classified into survival-led or opportunity-led. Survival-led diversification would decrease inequality by increasing the incomes of poorer households and thus reduce poverty. By contrast, opportunity-led diversification would increase inequality and have a minor effect on poverty, as it tends to be confined to non-poor households. Using data from Western Kenya, we confirm the existence of the differently motivated diversification strategies. Yet, the poverty and inequality implications differ somewhat from our expectations. Our findings indicate that in addition to asset constraints, rural households also face limited or relatively risky high-return opportunities outside agriculture.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Crafting political institutions in Africa : electoral systems and systems of government in Rwanda and Zambia compared (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 43
    Keywords: Ruanda (Staat) Sambia ; Wahl ; Politischer Wandel ; Regierung
    Abstract: Scholars of institutional design attribute large importance to the choice of new institutions. The comparative analysis of how Rwanda and Zambia crafted their new electoral systems and the systems of government regards procedural, structural and rational choice variables which may influence the option for particular solutions. External influences and the type of transition are determinants that can decide which actors make their interests prevail. The degree of innovation or conservatism of new institutions is mainly a result of the speed of the process and the kind of actors involved. However, rational reflections on how to produce legitimacy and minimize personal risks which take into consideration the state of conflict in the country decide on the speed and on innovative outcomes. The structured analysis of only two cases uncovers already that it is rather difficult to realise the transfer of design recommendations into reality. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. A Three-Dimensional Framework of Analysis: Process, Structure, Interests -- 3. Rwanda: A Set of Innovative Institutions Lacking Transparency -- 4. Zambia: A Set of Conservative and Easy-to-understand Institutions -- 5. Testing the Analytical Framework in Comparative Perspective -- 6. Some Concluding Explanations on the Interrelation of Processes and Interest
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 25-28Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Patronage-preserving federalism? : Legislative malapportionment and subnational fiscal policies in Argentina (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 52
    Keywords: Argentinien Finanzwesen
    Abstract: This paper builds on institutional analysis to generate new conclusions about the economic viability of federalism. It does so by suggesting that Weingast´s seminal model of marketpreserving federalism falls short of accounting for the poor fiscal performance of multitiered systems in the developing world. This theoretical deficiency stems to a large extent from the insufficient attention paid by this model to the institutional complexity of federal systems, particularly the public policy effects of legislative malapportionment. Subsequent to an analytical discussion of the potential public spending and distributive politics distortions resulting from overrepresentation, we offer preliminary empirical evidence from Argentina, a federation exhibiting one of the most decentralized fiscal systems in the world and severe imbalances in the territorial distribution of legislative and economic resources. The findings show not only that said imbalances lead to sub-optimal fiscal results but also that they have a mutually-reinforcing relationship with regionalized patronage.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 34
    Book
    Book
    Sectoral transformations in neo-patrimonial rentier states : Tourism development and state policy in Egypt (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 61
    Keywords: Ägypten Tourismus ; Entwicklung, wirtschaftliche ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt
    Abstract: This article challenges claims that liberalising state regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. The analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the last three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are constrained by the neo-patrimonial character of the Egyptian political system. Since the decline of oil rent revenues during the 1980s tourism development was the optimal strategy to compensate for the resulting fiscal losses. Increasing tourism revenues have helped in coping with macroeconomic imbalances and in avoiding more costly adjustment of traditional economic sectors. Additionally, they provided the private elite with opportunities to generate large profits. Therefore, sectoral transformations due to economic liberalisation in neo-patrimonial Rentier states should be described as a process, which has led to the diversification of external rent revenues, rather than to a general downsizing of the Rentier character of the economy.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 35
    Book
    Book
    Why reform fails : The 'politics of policies' in Costa Rican telecommunications liberalization (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 47
    Keywords: Lateinamerika Costa Rica ; Telekommunikation ; Reform
    Abstract: As the 'Washington Consensus' reforms are losing momentum in Latin America, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) is calling for shifting the focus from the content of policy choices to the political process of their implementation. As this paper studies the paradigmatic case of telecommunications reform in Costa Rica it underscores the importance of these 'politics of policies'. The analysis finds, however, that the failure of repeated liberalization initiatives was not only due to policy-makers' errors in steering the project through 'the messy world of politics' (IDB); instead, as liberalization remained unpopular, policy content indeed mattered, and only the interaction of both explains the outcome. Particular attention is drawn to the political feed-back effects, as the failed reform, precisely because it had been backed by bi-partisan support, became a catalyst for the disintegration of the country's long-standing two-party system.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 36
    Book
    Book
    Seeking opportunities : Migration as an income diversification strategy of households in Kakamega district in Kenya (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 58
    Keywords: Kenia Migration ; Arbeit ; Geld
    Abstract: Migration and remittances are widely seen as major components of diversification strategies aimed at coping with risky environments in developing countries. The debate in the literature mainly concentrates on effects of and access to the strategy of migration. Against this background, the paper investigates patterns, determinants and the impact of internal migration on households based on data from a densely populated rural area in Western Kenya. The motivation behind migration is largely economic in kind. Accordingly, remittances account for a substantial share of household incomes. Results derived from a probit model estimation indicate that the likelihood of migration is independent from the wealth position of households. Instead, demographic household factors, education-related variables and migrant networks are of central importance. Migration and remittances are obviously more easily accessible than other opportunities of income diversification beyond farming for households across all levels of wealth, including the poorest households.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 37
    Book
    Book
    African migration to Europe : Obscured responsibilities and common misconceptions (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 49
    Keywords: Westafrika Migration ; Europa ; Handelsbeziehung
    Abstract: The number of migrants from conflict regions in Africa has been increasing dramatically. The European Union shares dual responsibility for the continuing migration pressure: First, because it fostered over decades corrupt and autocratic regimes with dire disregard to principles of `good governance`. The aftermath of these regimes is still felt today and constitutes one of the underlying factors for politically motivated migration. Second, the EU contributed to Africa`s economic misery due to its selfish external trade policy. Nevertheless, the prevailing perspective of the EU and of its member countries concerning African immigration remains to be focused on security, the foreclosure of its external borders and prevention. Current EU programs and concepts to fight African migration are questionable. Even development-oriented approaches are bound to fail, if not backed by sustainable immigration policies.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 38
    Book
    Book
    Upgrading in agricultural value chains : The case of small producers in Honduras (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 64
    Keywords: Honduras Landwirtschaft ; Entwicklung, wirtschaftliche ; Wirtschaftlicher Wandel
    Abstract: Local producers, in their interaction with local processors or exporters and international retailers have the possibility to acquire new skills and knowledge. The type of trust relationship and coordination pattern can determine how information flows and how firms upgrade. In addition, the implementation and compliance with standards provides opportunities for learning and acquiring skills and knowledge. Focusing on this kind of interactions, the study explains how local producers in Honduras engage in upgrading and whether this had an impact on the sales of those firms. The majority of the producers in the sample upgraded their products and internal processes. A limited number of producers engaged in functional upgrading. Most of the producers were aware of the important role of standards. They affirmed that in the process of implementing and complying with standards, they have gained new knowledge and were convinced that they succeeded in securing at better position in the value chain.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 39
    Book
    Book
    Campaigning for the Japanese Lower House : From mobilising to chasing voters? (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 55
    Keywords: Japan Wahl ; Politisches System
    Abstract: Electioneering for the Japanese Lower House has undergone significant changes in recent years. Not only institutional but also other environmental changes are pushing political actors in Japan to complement the hitherto dominant vote-mobilisation approach by vote-chasing strategies. Such strategies target in particular unaffiliated voters and emphasise party leaders. Yet, the notion of an `Americanisation` of campaigning in Japan seems premature at best. Notably, electioneering for the Lower House has become more party-oriented in the course of introducing new voter chasing strategies. It remains to be seen though whether specific campaign instruments and tactics used in recent general elections, such as the manifesto approach, can generate value-added in the longer term.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 40
    Book
    Book
    Securing household income among small-scale farmers in Kakamega district : Possibilities and limitations of diversification (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 41
    Keywords: Kenia Landwirtschaft ; Bauer ; Krisenbewältigung
    Abstract: In the debate of sustainable rural livelihoods, diversification is seen as a way to secure incomes and to increase food security. On the basis of a data set on income security, this paper analyses to what extent this applies to small-scale farmers in Kakamega District, Kenya. Using the sustainable rural livelihoods approach, this paper draws the conclusion, that (1) diversification in agricultural production is not sufficient for securing rural livelihoods in Kakamega District; (2) a sufficient income diversification depends heavily on requirements like access to education, infrastructure, as well as investment capital; and (3) small-scale farmers in Kakamega District in most cases lack these requirements, therefore not being able to achieve secure household incomes or increased food security.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 41
    Book
    Book
    Why is liberal peace-building so difficult? : Some lessons from Central America (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 59
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Krisenbewältigung ; Frieden ; Sicherheit ; Politisches System
    Abstract: The termination of war is mostly seen as a basis not just for recovery but for a fundamental transformation or change in development paths towards peace, stability and development. The Central American peace processes of the last decades were one of the first laboratories for the liberal peace-building paradigm which assumes that the threefold transformation to peace, democracy and market economy is a self-strengthening process leading to sustainable development. Although none of the three countries slipped back into war, serious deficits remain. This paper introduces an analytical framework that aims at interrelating the threefold transformation with the impact generated by four processes. These include the repercussions generated by the international system on a country`s society, its historical, cultural and social foundations, the legacies of violence and the peacebuilding initiatives the country concerned has witnessed. The comparative analysis of changes in the public security sector, the political system, conflict resolution and the use of resources show why there is so much path dependency that can explain the deficits of transformation.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 42
    Book
    Book
    Ethnicity, voter alignment and political party affiliation : An African case: Zambia (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 45
    Keywords: Sambia Ethnizität ; Wahl ; Politik ; Politische Partei
    Abstract: Conventional wisdom holds that ethnicity provides the social cleavage for voting behaviour and party affiliation in Africa. Because this is usually inferred from aggregate data of national election results, it might prove to be an ecological fallacy. The evidence based on individual data from an opinion survey in Zambia suggests that ethnicity matters for voter alignment and even more so for party affiliation, but it is certainly not the only factor. The analysis also points to a number of qualifications which are partly methodology-related. One is that the degree of ethnic voting can differ from one ethno-political group to the other depending on various degrees of ethnic mobilisation. Another is that if smaller ethnic groups or subgroups do not identify with one particular party, it is difficult to find a significant statistical correlation between party affiliation and ethnicity - but that does not prove that they do not affiliate along ethnic lines.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 43
    Book
    Book
    Conceptualising regional power in international relations : Lessons from the South African case (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 53
    Keywords: Südafrika Beziehungen, internationale ; Außenpolitik ; Hegemonie
    Abstract: Regional powers can be distinguished by four pivotal criteria: claim to leadership, power resources, employment of foreign policy instruments, and acceptance of leadership. Ap-plying these indicators to the South African case, the analysis demonstrates the crucial significance of institutional foreign policy instruments. But although the South African government is ready to pay the costs of co-operative hegemony (such as capacity building for regional institutions and peacekeeping), the regional acceptance of South Africa`s leadership is constrained by its historical legacy. Additionally, Pretoria`s foreign policy is based on ideational resources such as its reputation as an advocate of democracy and human rights and the legitimacy derived from its paradigmatic behaviour as a `good global citizen`. However, the Mbeki presidency is more successful in converting these resources into discursive instruments of interest-assertion in global, rather than in regional bargains. In effect the regional power`s reformist South-oriented multilateralism is challenging some of the guiding principles of the current international system.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 44
    Book
    Book
    Crises, hegemony and change in the international system : A conceptual framework (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 50
    Keywords: Beziehungen, internationale Postmoderne ; Hegemonie
    Abstract: The paper tries to shed light on the conceptual link between international crises like the one following September 11, 2001, the Asian financial crisis of 1997/1998, the end of the Cold War or major international conflicts, and processes of change in the international system. It argues that cultural structures rest on their continuous instantiation through social practices, thereby making them coterminous with process. Process is constituted by meaningful acts of social agents, and can thus only be grasped by analysing meaning. Meaning is transmitted by language. Meaningful language is never reducible to individual speakers; it is a social act. In the paper, I call this process discourse. Linking Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) with the theory of hegemony developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, I will finally be able to show how hegemonic discourses serve as the nexus between crises and cultural structures and how they make cultural change possible.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 45
    Book
    Book
    Crafting political institutions in Africa : Electoral systems and systems of government in Rwanda and Zambia compared (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 43
    Keywords: Ruanda (Staat) Sambia ; Wahl ; Politischer Wandel ; Regierung
    Abstract: Scholars of institutional design attribute large importance to the choice of new institutions. The comparative analysis of how Rwanda and Zambia crafted their new electoral systems and the systems of government regards procedural, structural and rational choice variables which may influence the option for particular solutions. External influences and the type of transition are determinants that can decide which actors make their interests prevail. The degree of innovation or conservatism of new institutions is mainly a result of the speed of the process and the kind of actors involved. However, rational reflections on how to produce legitimacy and minimize personal risks which take into consideration the state of conflict in the country decide on the speed and on innovative outcomes. The structured analysis of only two cases uncovers already that it is rather difficult to realise the transfer of design recommendations into reality.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 46
    Book
    Book
    Transitions from charismatic rule : theories of leadership change and Cuba's post-Fidel succession (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 56
    Keywords: Kuba Führer, politischer ; Weber, Max [Leben und Werk]
    Abstract: For theories of political succession and charismatic authority, the almost half-century long rule of Fidel Castro presents an extraordinary test case since Fidel in July 2006 handed over power `temporarily` to his deputy and brother Raúl. On the background of Max Weber`s work on charismatic rule, the paper analyzes the way in which the Cuban leadership has responded to the succession question and identifies four aspects in which it differs from the succession problems typically attributed to charismatic rule: Cuba`s longstanding exceptionalism regarding the `second man` behind the leader; the succession during the life-time of the leader with a sui generis modus of `cohabitation` between the outgoing and the incoming leader; the routinization of charisma which domestically allows a bureaucratic succession model with the Communist Party, rather than any individual, being postulated as Fidel Castro`s heir; and as a correlate to the latter, the ritual transmission of Fidel`s charisma to a heir beyond the nation-state, Venezuela`s Hugo Chávez, as the new charismatic leader to continue Fidel Castro`s universal revolutionary mission.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 47
    Book
    Book
    The _cleavage model, ethnicity and voter alignment in Africa : Conceptual and methodological problems revisited (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 63
    Keywords: Afrika Afrika, Subsahara ; Ethnizität ; Konfliktmanagement
    Abstract: Recent research on political parties and ethnicity has challenged the conventional wisdom about ethnicity as the major factor that explains voter alignment in Africa. The paper maintains that the cleavage model, although modified to include ethnicity, still provides heuristically the best foundation for the explanation of party formation and voting behaviour in Africa. It points out that inconclusive and contradicting research results about the salience of ethnicity can be attributed to a variety of unresolved methodological and conceptual problems linked to the `fluidity` of the concept of ethnicity. To overcome these problems refined research designs and more sophisticated analytical tools are required. Finally, it is safe to assume that the relevance of ethnicity for the formation of party systems and voter alignment is not a uniform pattern across Africa, but will differ from one country to the other.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 48
    Book
    Book
    Prestando acuerdo : El Senado frente a los nombramientos del Poder Judicial en la Argentina democrática (1983-2006) (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 38 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 54
    Keywords: Argentinien Politischer Wandel ; Gerichtsbarkeit
    Abstract: This article aims to evaluate to what extent the Argentine Senate was able to fulfil its constitutional function of controlling the Executive`s prerogative to nominate judges between 1983 and 2006, as well as to examine the factors that influenced the exercise of this role. To do so, the paper focuses on the parliamentary procedure of the proposals submitted by the Executive for the nomination of all federal judges, the members of the so-called `national justice` of Buenos Aires and those of the Public Ministry. The findings show that the Senate`s powers depend on several factors, such as, the institutional resources with which presidents count in this chamber (which includes not only the size of the parliamentary majority but also their power in the Committee of Acuerdos), the category of the position to be filled (whether involving Supreme Court justices or not), presidential ambitions in other policy areas (such as re-election), and the rules regulating the selection and confirmation of candidates (such as the secrecy or publicity of the legislative process).
    Note: Zsfassung in dt. und engl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 49
    Book
    Book
    Discourses on violence in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua : National patterns of attention and cross-border discursive nodes (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 65
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Costa Rica ; El Salvador ; Nicaragua ; Beziehungen, internationale ; Krisenbewältigung ; Korruption ; Gewalt ; Kriminalität
    Abstract: It has become common to state that youth gangs and organized crime have seized Central America. For theories on contemporary Central American violence, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua present important test cases, demonstrating the need to differentiate the diagnosis. First, national discourses on violence differ from country to country, with varying threat levels, patterns of attention, and discursive leitmotivs. Second, there are border-crossing discursive nodes such as the mara paradigm, the perception of grand corruption, and gender-based violence tied to cross-national, national or sub-national publics. The paper explores the ambiguity and plurivocality of contemporary discourses on violence, emanting from a variety of hegemonic and less powerful publics.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 50
    Book
    Book
    Emerging middle powers' soft balancing strategy : State and perspectives of the IBSA Dialogue Forum (2007)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 S.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 57
    Keywords: Indien Brasilien ; Südafrika ; Beziehungen, internationale ; Außenpolitik
    Abstract: How can weaker states influence stronger ones? This article offers a case study of one recent exercise in coalition building among Southern middle powers, the `India, Brazil, South Africa (IBSA) Dialogue Forum`. The analysis outlines five major points: first, it argues that the three emerging players can be defined as middle powers in order to frame their foreign policy behavior and options at the global level. Second, soft balancing is a suitable concept to explain IBSA`s strategy in global institutions. Third, institutional foreign policy instruments are of pivotal significance in IBSA`s soft balancing strategy. Fourth, the potential gains of IBSA`s sector cooperation, particularly in trade, are limited due to a lack of complementarity of the three economies. And fifth, IBSA`s perspectives and impact on the international system will depend on four variables: IBSA`s ability to focus on distinct areas of cooperation, the consolidation of its common strategy of soft balancing, the institutionalization of IBSA, and its enlargement in order to obtain more weight in global bargains.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 51
    Book
    Book
    Multiple interfaces of big pharma and the change of global health governance in the face of HIV/AIDS (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 24
    Keywords: Nichtregierungsorganisation Organisation, internationale ; HIV ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: By using a game theoretical approach and the notion of "forum" or "regime shifting" this paper examines the multiple interfaces of the multinational pharmaceutical corporations (MNPCs) with their major counterparts at home and abroad, including the governments of the North and South, the international organizations and increasingly with national and international NGOs in the context of the spreading HIV/AIDS crisis. It shows how the execution of the MNPCs` strategies led to significant reactions from other actors, which led to further moves and countermoves in a strategic battle between representatives of the North and the South in the global health arena.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 52
    Book
    Book
    Towards a dynamic model of the interplay between international institutions (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 17
    Keywords: Beziehungen, internationale Organisation, internationale
    Abstract: International institutions increasingly affect each other`s development, maintenance and effectiveness. Research so far has merely focused on the issue of effectiveness and broader consequences. The paper argues firstly that theoretical progress could be promoted by integrating variables explaining the formation and maintenance of international institutions into a dynamic model of institutional interplay. Secondly, research ought to be extended to institutions governing issue areas like trade, finance, and security as well as their respective interactions. Thirdly, East Asia is a highly interesting region regarding regime interaction, since regional cooperation is slowly but steadily evolving in different issue areas as a reaction to institutional operations on the global level of governance.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 53
    Book
    Book
    Ideological reform and political legitimacy in China : Challenges in the post-Jiang era (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 18
    Keywords: China Ideologie ; Reform ; Legitimität
    Abstract: As a Socialist country undergoing rapid social and economic transition, China presents a revealing case study on the role of ideology in the process of institutional change. Based on Douglass North`s theory of institutional change and on David Beetham`s theory of political legitimation, this paper argues that recent ideological reforms have been a crucial factor in sustaining the legitimacy of Communist party rule. Ideological change is conceived as a path-dependent process which helps to stabilize the social perception of transition and to frame the party`s modernization achievements. At the same time, the dominant role of ideology makes the Chinese party-state, despite its economic success, more vulnerable to legitimacy crises compared to other authoritarian regimes.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 54
    Book
    Book
    Potencias regionales en la política internacional : Conceptos y enfoques de análisis (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 36 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 30
    Keywords: Beziehungen, internationale Regionalismus ; Macht
    Abstract: Much of recent international relations literature argues conflicts to achieve or to frustrate regional dominance will become more virulent in the future. In this context we examine different approaches in international relations theory regarding the role and importance which they attribute to regional powers. We discuss diverse theoretical approaches that address the topics of power relations and power hierarchies in international politics. Marking differences as well as common grounds with the more traditional concept of "middle powers", we sketch an analytical concept of regional powers adequate for contemporary international relations research. The paper concludes with reflections on the relationship between regional powers and regional integration and a short discussion of the analytical value of the concept of cooperative hegemony for the study of regional powers.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 55
    Book
    Book
    Cuban exceptionalism revisited (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 28
    Keywords: Kuba Sozialismus ; Politischer Wandel
    Abstract: The end of Cuban exceptionalism has been much announced since 1989, but a decade and a half later state socialism on the island is still enduring. Transition studies have been criticized for focusing on success stories. Exploring the deviant case of Cuba`s "non-transition" from a comparative social science perspective can shed light on the peculiarities of this case and, more importantly, test the general assumptions underlying post-1989 expectations of regime change in Cuba. Theories of path dependence and cumulative causation are particularly helpful when attempting to link Cuban current political exceptionalism with a more long-term historic perspective. Moreover, they suggest that interpretations of Cuba as simply a "belated" case of "third wave" democratization may prove erroneous, even when the health of Fidel Castro finally falters.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 56
    Book
    Book
    Political discourse in football coverage : The cases of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 Seiten
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 27
    Keywords: Elfenbeinküste Ghana ; Fußball ; Presse ; Politik und Gesellschaft
    Abstract: Football coverage in newspapers is both an arena for and a mirror of political discourse within a society. The paper argues that discourses within football coverage referring to political issues reflect dominant - and, possibly, contesting - "truths", which themselves are linked to power relations and political struggles within a given society. The comparison of Côte d`Ivoire and Ghana, two neighbouring countries in very different conditions (particularly with regard to their historical trajectories and the degree of societal consensus), and more particularly, the comparison of dominant discourses on the topics of patriotism, peace and good governance related to the World Cup qualification of both national teams supports the hypothesis of a strong context-relatedness of a politically loaded "football language". For instance, whereas in Ghana patriotism is, when football comes in, quickly merged with pan-africanism, the Ivorian team renewed the heated political debate about "Ivorianess" by putting forward a notion of inclusive patriotism.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 57
    Book
    Book
    Economic growth and poverty : Does formalisation of informal enterprises matter? (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 20
    Keywords: Wirtschaftlicher Wandel Entwicklungsländer ; Wirtschaft, informelle ; Arbeitsverhältnis ; Kleingewerbe ; Unternehmen ; Armut ; Arbeit, informelle
    Abstract: The informal sector (IS) plays a significant role in developing countries viz. the provision of employment, income and supplying ignored markets. However, working and employment conditions within the sector are still poor. Its expansion and changing structures have thus drawn the attention of scholars and international policy makers to the factors hindering its formalisation. Among the factors addressed are the high costs of formalisation and the lack of incentives for operating in the formal sector. A variety of approaches have been adopted by different stakeholders to overcome these factors. This paper assesses these approaches along with the factors related to informality-formality trade-off and the issue of formalisation as a solution for firms` growth. By focussing on the problems faced by informal enterprises and the literature which addresses the options for accelerating the formalisation of informal enterprises, the paper will briefly summarise the weaknesses of these approaches.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 58
    Book
    Book
    Decentralisation in Uganda : Exploring the constraints for poverty reduction (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 31
    Keywords: Uganda Armut
    Abstract: It is often claimed that decentralisation is effective for the reduction of poverty due to inherent opportunities for higher popular participation and increased efficiency in public service delivery. This paper is a qualitative assessment of the potential of the Ugandan decentralisation reform for poverty alleviation. The Ugandan government initiated an ambitious decentralisation reform in 1992, which represents an example of full-fledged devolution with the transfer of far-reaching responsibilities to local governments. However, several shortcomings, such as low levels of accountability, insufficient human and financial resources, corruption, patronage, and central resistance to decentralisation, constrain the proper implementation of the reform, putting improvements in participation and efficiency at risk and ultimately jeopardising the intended impact on poverty.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the capability to raise revenue : process and output dimensions and their application to the Zambian revenue authority (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 35
    Keywords: Sambia Finanzwesen ; Administration
    Abstract: The worldwide diffusion of the good governance agenda and new public management has triggered a renewed focus on state capability and, more specifically, on the capability to raise revenue in developing countries. However, the analytical tools for a comprehensive understanding of the capability to raise revenue remain underdeveloped. This article aims at filling this gap and presents a model consisting of the three process dimensions `information collection and processing`, `merit orientation` and `administrative accountability`. `Revenue performance` constitutes the fourth capability dimension which assesses tax administration`s output. This model is applied to the case of the Zambia Revenue Authority. The dimensions prove to be valuable not only for assessing the how much but also the how of collecting taxes. They can be a useful tool for future comparative analyses of tax administrations` capabilities in developing countries. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Modelling the Capability to Raise Revenue -- 3. Analysing the Zambia Revenue Authority`s Capability -- 4. Conclusion
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 19-24Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cultures of innovation of the African poor : Common roots, shared traits, joint prospects? : on the articulation of multiple modernities in African societies and black diasporas in Latin America (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 25
    Keywords: Lateinamerika Benin ; Brasilien ; Haiti ; Afro-Amerikaner ; Diaspora ; Kulturwandel ; Globalisierung, wirtschaftliche ; Entwicklung, wirtschaftliche ; Wirtschaft, informelle ; Sozio-ökonomischer Aspekt
    Abstract: The globalized Western culture of innovation, as propagated by major aid institutions, does not necessarily lead to empowerment or improvement of the well-being of the stakeholders. On the contrary, it often blocks viable indigenous innovation cultures. In African societies and African Diasporas in Latin America, cultures of innovation largely accrue from the informal, not the formal sector. Crucial for their proper understanding is a threefold structural differentiation: between the formal and informal sector, within the informal sector, according to class, gender or religion, and between different transnational social spaces. Different innovation cultures may be complementary, mutually reinforcing, or conflicting, leading in extreme cases even to a `clash of cultures` at the local level. The repercussions of competing, even antagonistic agencies of innovative strategic groups are demonstrated, analyzing the case of the African poor in Benin and the African Diasporas of Brazil and Haiti. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. On the Concept of Cultures of Innovation -- 2. Specific Cultures of Innovation within the Informal Sector -- 3. Case Studies: Vodun-Based Cultures of Innovation and Empowerment in Benin, Brazil and Haiti in Times of Globalization -- 4. Potential of Indigenous Cultures of Innovation in Times of Glocalization
    Note: Paper presented at the 16. ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban/South Africa, July 23 to 29, 2006. Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional monetary integration among developing countries : new opportunities for macroeconomic stability beyond the theory of optimum currency areas? (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 38
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Südafrika ; Ost-Asien ; Lateinamerika ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt ; Finanzwesen ; Geld
    Abstract: Optimum Currency Area (OCA) approaches turn to be inadequate in the analysis of the new regional monetary integration schemes that have sprung up among developing and emerging market economies. Instead, in accordance with the concept of `original sin` (Eichengreen et al.) we argue that regional monetary South-South integration schemes that, unlike North-South arrangements, involve none of the international reserve currencies, have specific monetary constraints and implications which need to be duly considered. A first comparative analysis of three cases of monetary South-South cooperation in South Africa (CMA), East Asia (ASEAN) and Latin America (Mercosur) shows that these can indeed provide macroeconomic stability gains but that this strongly depends on the existence of economic hierarchies within these integration schemes.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Recognising the Monetary Constraints of Less Developed Countries in Monetary Integration Theory -- 3. Contrasting North-South and South-South Integration -- 4. Differentiating Forms of Regional Monetary South-South Integration -- 5. Differentiating Regional Monetary Cooperation among Southern Economies: Southern Africa, East Asia and Latin America/Carribean -- 6. Concluding Remarks: OCA Adjusted to the Specifics of Regional Monetary South-South Integration
    Note: "A first version of this paper was presented at the EACES (European Association for Com parative Economics Studies) 9th Bi-Annual Conference `Development Strategies - A Com parative View` at the University of Brighton Business School, 7th-9th September 2006." (Seite 3)Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 24-29Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiple interfaces of big pharma and the change of global health governance in the face of HIV/AIDS (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 24
    Keywords: Nichtregierungsorganisation Organisation, internationale ; HIV ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: By using a game theoretical approach and the notion of "forum" or "regime shifting" this paper examines the multiple interfaces of the multinational pharmaceutical corporations (MNPCs) with their major counterparts at home and abroad, including the governments of the North and South, the international organizations and increasingly with national and international NGOs in the context of the spreading HIV/AIDS crisis. It shows how the execution of the MNPCs` strategies led to significant reactions from other actors, which led to further moves and countermoves in a strategic battle between representatives of the North and the South in the global health arena. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Major Features of the Multinational Pharmaceutical Corporations -- 3. The Multiple Interfacing of the MNPCs: 1995-2005 -- 4. AIDS, Doha and Revised TRIPS --5. The Battle over Drug Prices and the Southern Offensive at International Organizations -- 6. The Counteroffensive of the MNPCs and a Further Regime Shifting Exercise -- 7. Pharma and the Rise of Global Public Private Partnerships -- 8. The Strengthening of National Health Governance and Its Impact on Global Players at the Treatment of AIDS
    Note: Parts of the paper have been presented earlier at Conferences of the Latin American Social Science Association (LASA) in 2004 and the Business Association of Latin American Stud ies (BALAS) in 2005.Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards a dynamic model of the interplay between international institutions (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 17
    Keywords: Beziehungen, internationale Organisation, internationale
    Abstract: International institutions increasingly affect each other`s development, maintenance and effectiveness. Research so far has merely focused on the issue of effectiveness and broader consequences. The paper argues firstly that theoretical progress could be promoted by integrating variables explaining the formation and maintenance of international institutions into a dynamic model of institutional interplay. Secondly, research ought to be extended to institutions governing issue areas like trade, finance, and security as well as their respective interactions. Thirdly, East Asia is a highly interesting region regarding regime interaction, since regional cooperation is slowly but steadily evolving in different issue areas as a reaction to institutional operations on the global level of governance. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Theorizing International Institutions -- 3. Theorizing Institutional Interplay -- 4. Modeling Institutional Interplay -- 5. Outline of a Dynamic Model of Institutional Interplay
    Note: "A first draft of this paper was presented at the First Global International Studies Confer ence, Bilgi University, Istanbul, August 24-27, 2005." (Seite 3)Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 24-27Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The _politics of senatorial confirmations : a comparative study of Argentina and Brazil (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 22
    Keywords: Argentinien Brasilien ; Politisches System
    Abstract: Though an important function of the Latin American senates, the confirmation of presidential nominations has drawn little academic attention. This paper assesses empirically the way in which two Latin American upper chambers - the Argentine and Brazilian senates - made use of their confirmation prerogatives between 1989 and 2003, namely, if one of deference to the executive proposals or a more active role including both consultation and oversight. To do this, the article first analyses all nominations regarding outcome (confirmed, rejected and withdrawn) and length of process. Then, the similarities and differences are used to advance some explanatory hypotheses. Special attention is paid to the impact of political factors, mainly divided government, and institutional features, mainly the senates` internal rules for the organization of the legislative work. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Framework of Analysis -- 3. Senatorial Confirmations: Rules and Practice in Argentina and Brazil -- 4. Explaining Confirmation Practice in Argentina and Brazil -- 5. Conclusion
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und spanischer Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic growth and poverty : does formalisation of informal enterprises matter? (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 20
    Keywords: Wirtschaftlicher Wandel Entwicklungsländer ; Wirtschaft, informelle ; Arbeitsverhältnis ; Kleingewerbe ; Unternehmen ; Armut ; Arbeit, informelle
    Abstract: The informal sector (IS) plays a significant role in developing countries viz. the provision of employment, income and supplying ignored markets. However, working and employment conditions within the sector are still poor. Its expansion and changing structures have thus drawn the attention of scholars and international policy makers to the factors hindering its formalisation. Among the factors addressed are the high costs of formalisation and the lack of incentives for operating in the formal sector. A variety of approaches have been adopted by different stakeholders to overcome these factors. This paper assesses these approaches along with the factors related to informality-formality trade-off and the issue of formalisation as a solution for firms` growth. By focussing on the problems faced by informal enterprises and the literature which addresses the options for accelerating the formalisation of informal enterprises, the paper will briefly summarise the weaknesses of these approaches.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Informal Sector: An Overview -- 3. Barriers to Entry into the Formal Sector -- 4. The Informal Sector, Economic Growth and Poverty -- 5. Strategic Options: Accelerating the Formalisation of Informal Enterprises -- 6. Conclusion and Recommendation
    Note: "This article is based on the paper "Formalisation of Informal Enterprises: Economic Growth and Poverty", Economic Reforms and Private Sector Development, Sector Project "Innovative Tools for Private Sector Development", published by GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) and commissioned by Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Eschborn, December 2005." (Seite 3)Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potencias regionales en la política internacional : conceptos y enfoques de análisis (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 30
    Keywords: Beziehungen, internationale Regionalismus ; Macht
    Abstract: El artículo toma como punto de partida el pronóstico presentado en parte de la literatura científica respecto a que conflictos para imponer o impedir una hegemonía regional se tornarán más virulentos en el futuro. En ese contexto se discute el papel y la importancia que corresponde a las potencias regionales según diferentes enfoques de análisis en las relaciones internacionales. Se presentan algunas teorías que tienen como objeto las jerar quías de poder en la política internacional. El artículo expone la diferenciación conceptual entre potencias regionales y potencias medianas tradicionales. Se propone un concepto analítico de potencia regional. Además, en el estudio se aborda el tema de la integración regional y el papel de las potencias regionales y se discute el valor analítico del concepto de hegemonía cooperativa para el estudio de las potencias regionales. (Resumen)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introducción -- 2. Jerarquías de poder en la política internacional -- 3. Potencias medianas, potencias regionales y potencias medianas regionales -- 4. Relaciones de poder en la política internacional -- 5. Bases y líneas de investigaciones futuras sobre potencias regionales
    Note: The present paper has been elaborated in the context of the GIGA working group on "Regional Powers". It was presented at the 3° Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Política "Democracia y Desigualdades" at the University Campinas, Brazil, 4-6 September 2006.Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ten years after : achievements and challenges of the Euro-Mediterranean economic and financial partnership (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 36
    Keywords: Europa Mittelmeerraum ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: EU and twelve countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) engaged in 1995 in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) in political, economic and cultural matters with the aim to foster cooperation, stability, and prosperity around the Mediterranean Basin. The Economic and Financial Partnership (EFP) plays a central role in the EMP design and implementation, which is centered on economic and trade integration as a starting point for and an anchor of socioeconomic development in the MENA region. Against this background, this paper reviews the situation in the MENA partner countries and the past performance of the EFP. It analyzes the association agreements, economic cooperation and financial assistance, discusses the major obstacles, and outlines the potential of the EFP to shape the European Neighborhood Policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Euro-Mediterranean Economic and Financial Partnership -- 3. Mediterranean Realities: Radical Changes and High Adjustment Costs -- 4. Evaluation: Obstacles of the Past and Future Challenges -- 5. Conclusion
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 27-29Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ideological reform and political legitimacy in China : challenges in the post-Jiang era (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 18
    Keywords: China Ideologie ; Reform ; Legitimität
    Abstract: As a Socialist country undergoing rapid social and economic transition, China presents a revealing case study on the role of ideology in the process of institutional change. Based on Douglass North`s theory of institutional change and on David Beetham`s theory of political legitimation, this paper argues that recent ideological reforms have been a crucial factor in sustaining the legitimacy of Communist party rule. Ideological change is conceived as a path-dependent process which helps to stabilize the social perception of transition and to frame the party`s modernization achievements. At the same time, the dominant role of ideology makes the Chinese party-state, despite its economic success, more vulnerable to legitimacy crises compared to other authoritarian regimes. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Ideology in Decay? -- 2. Ideology Matters: The Path-Dependence of Ideological and Institutional Change -- 3. Ideological Reform and Political Legitimacy in Socialist Systems -- 4. The "Three Representations": Populist Re-interpretation of an Elitist Concept -- 5. Grappling With Ideological Innovation: From "Three Representations" to a "Harmonious Socialist Society" -- 6. Conclusion
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decentralisation in Uganda : exploring the constraints for poverty reduction (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 31
    Keywords: Uganda Armut
    Abstract: It is often claimed that decentralisation is effective for the reduction of poverty due to inherent opportunities for higher popular participation and increased efficiency in public service delivery. This paper is a qualitative assessment of the potential of the Ugandan decentralisation reform for poverty alleviation. The Ugandan government initiated an ambitious decentralisation reform in 1992, which represents an example of full-fledged devolution with the transfer of far-reaching responsibilities to local governments. However, several shortcomings, such as low levels of accountability, insufficient human and financial resources, corruption, patronage, and central resistance to decentralisation, constrain the proper implementation of the reform, putting improvements in participation and efficiency at risk and ultimately jeopardising the intended impact on poverty. (Abstracts)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Political, Administrative, and Fiscal Elements of Decentralisation -- 3. Constraints in the Implementation of the Reform -- 4. Implications for Poverty Reduction
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How does neopatrimonialism affect the African state? : The case of tax collection in Zambia (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 32
    Keywords: Sambia Finanzwesen ; Macht
    Abstract: Following the neopatrimonialism paradigm, it can be hypothesised that in African states informal politics of the rulers infringe on the collection of taxes and in turn reduce state revenues. This article tests this proposition for the case of Zambia. The main finding is that there is no linear correlation between a neopatrimonial system and the collection of taxes. Neopatrimonial continuity in the country is evidenced by three factors; the concentration of political power, the award of personal favours and the misuse of state resources. Despite this continuity, the revenue performance has increased considerably with the creation of the semi-autonomous Zambia Revenue Authority. This demonstrates that the effect of neopatrimonialism on public policy in the African state is highly context-specific and dependent on the interaction with additional variables. Donor pressure has been the most important in the Zambian case. In order to apply neopatrimonialism for further empirical work on public policy in the African state, these additional variables have to be incorporated into the analysis.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Political parties in post-Suharto Indonesia : between politik aliran and "Philippinisation" (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 37
    Keywords: Indonesien Politik und Gesellschaft ; Politischer Wandel ; Politische Partei ; Suharto [Leben und Werk]
    Abstract: Surprisingly, the outcome of the 1999 and 2004 elections in Indonesia and the resultant constellation of political parties are reminiscent of the first Indonesian parliamentary democracy of the 1950s. The dynamics of party politics is still marked by aliran ('streams'), i.e. some of the biggest political parties still have a mass base and are embedded in specific milieus. But politik aliran has lost a lot of its significance and re-emerged in a quite different form after the fall of Suharto in 1998. Starting with this observation, it is argued that parties are still socially rooted, so a modified aliran approach still has its analytical value. However, one can also witness a weakening of aliran (dealiranisasi) and a concomitant 'Philippinisation', which is indicated by the rise of presidential or presidentialised parties, growing intra-party authoritarianism, the prevalence of 'money politics', the lack of meaningful political platforms, weak loyalties towards parties, cartels with shifting coalitions and the upsurge of new local elites. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Heyday of politik aliran in the 1950s and the Erosion under Suharto -- 3. Parties and Elections since 1998: The Reconfiguration after Suharto -- 4. `Philippinisation`: Indications of Party Change -- 5. Conclusion
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 31-35Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cuban exceptionalism revisited (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 28
    Keywords: Kuba Sozialismus ; Politischer Wandel
    Abstract: The end of Cuban exceptionalism has been much announced since 1989, but a decade and a half later state socialism on the island is still enduring. Transition studies have been criticized for focusing on success stories. Exploring the deviant case of Cuba`s "non-transition" from a comparative social science perspective can shed light on the peculiarities of this case and, more importantly, test the general assumptions underlying post-1989 expectations of regime change in Cuba. Theories of path dependence and cumulative causation are particularly helpful when attempting to link Cuban current political exceptionalism with a more long-term historic perspective. Moreover, they suggest that interpretations of Cuba as simply a "belated" case of "third wave" democratization may prove erroneous, even when the health of Fidel Castro finally falters.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Cuban Exceptionalism -- 3. A New International Patron -- 4. The Exceptionalism of Cuban Regime Change
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brazil's nuclear policy : from technological dependence to civil nuclear power (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 23
    Keywords: Brasilien Ressource ; Beziehungen, internationale ; USA
    Abstract: Since March 2006 Brazil has been the ninth country to control the full nuclear fuel cycle. While the U.S. government bashes the uranium enrichment activities in Iran, it has come to an arrangement with the uranium enrichment in its backyard after transitional diplomatic tensions. As signer of the Non-Proliferation Treaty Brazil has the right to enrich uranium for peaceful use. This article focuses on the political motives and objectives connected with the domination of this key technology. Brasilia has been striving for regional leadership and participation in international decision making processes. In historical perspective the Brazilian enrichment procedure marks the liberation from the technological U.S. dependence. Brazil seems to be on the way to establish itself as a civil nuclear power in international relations. (Abstract)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guatemala in the 1980s : a genocide turned into ethnocide? (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 19
    Keywords: Guatemala Völkermord
    Abstract: While the Guatemalan Truth Commission came to the conclusion that agents of the state had committed acts of genocide in the early 1980s, fundamental questions remain. Should we indeed speak of the massacres committed between 1981 and 1983 in Guatemala as "genocide", or would "ethnocide" be the more appropriate term? In addressing these questions, this paper focuses on the intentions of the perpetrators. Why did the Guatemalan military chose mass murder as the means to "solve the problem of subversion"? In Guatemala, the discourses of communist threat, racism and Pentecostal millenarism merged into the intent to destroy the Mayan population. This paper demonstrates that the initial policy of physical annihilation (genocidal option) was transformed into a policy of restructuring the sociocultural patterns of the Guatemalan highlands (ethnocidal option). (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Military Responses to Guerrilla Challenge in Guatemala -- 3. Structures of Violence -- 4. Diagnosing Genocide -- 5. A Closer Look at the Actors Involved -- 6. The Tyrant and the Preacher -- 7. Scientific Mass Murder -- 8. Conclusions: A Genocide Turned into Ethnocide
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Political discourse in football coverage : the cases of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 27
    Keywords: Elfenbeinküste Ghana ; Fußball ; Presse ; Politik und Gesellschaft
    Abstract: Football coverage in newspapers is both an arena for and a mirror of political discourse within a society. The paper argues that discourses within football coverage referring to political issues reflect dominant - and, possibly, contesting - "truths", which themselves are linked to power relations and political struggles within a given society. The comparison of Côte d`Ivoire and Ghana, two neighbouring countries in very different conditions (particularly with regard to their historical trajectories and the degree of societal consensus), and more particularly, the comparison of dominant discourses on the topics of patriotism, peace and good governance related to the World Cup qualification of both national teams supports the hypothesis of a strong context-relatedness of a politically loaded "football language". For instance, whereas in Ghana patriotism is, when football comes in, quickly merged with pan-africanism, the Ivorian team renewed the heated political debate about "Ivorianess" by putting forward a notion of inclusive patriotism. (Abstract)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The _emergence of a new "socialist" market labour regime in China (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 39
    Keywords: China Arbeiterklasse ; Arbeit ; Wirtschaftlicher Wandel
    Abstract: China`s transition to a market economy has been a process of basic institutional changes and institution building. The institutional change from a socialist labour regime (SLR) as one of the backbones upholding the traditional leninist system to a new `socialist` market labour regime (SMLR) became particularly important for the success of economic and political reforms. This analysis is based on the analytical framework of regimes and makes use of the idea of path dependence. An ensemble of institutions, mutually interconnected and influencing each other, forms the regime and shapes its trajectory. Six institutions are identified to constitute the employment regime: (1) the system of social control, (2) the production system, (3) the system of industrial relations, (4) the welfare system, (5) the family order, and (6) the educational system. The SMLR is still characterised by its socialist past and differs from other varieties of transformation labour regimes and bears little resemblance to labour regimes in Western market economies. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Labour Process under Discussion: Labour Regime and Path Dependence -- 3. Characteristics of the Socialist Labour Regime (SLR) -- 4. The Emerging `Socialist` Market Labour Regime (SMLR) -- 5. Conclusion: Insights from the Transition of a Labour Regime
    Note: "An earlier version of this paper was presented at the workshop on `Labor Mobility in Ur ban China - An Integrated Labor Market in the Making?`, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China, 1-2 September 2005." (Seite 3)Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 41-45Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construyendo inseguridades : aproximaciones a la violencia en Centroamérica desde el análisis del discurso (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 34
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Gewalt ; Sozialer Aspekt
    Abstract: En todos los países de Centroamérica se está llevando a cabo una lucha de definición, interpretación y clasificación entorno al campo temático de la violencia, la delincuencia y la (in)seguridad. Y aunque esta lucha tenga consecuencias políticas y sociales sumamente relevantes, no ha sido objeto de un análisis sistemático. Este artículo evalúa el estado del arte y, basándose en reflexiones metodológicas, resalta el aporte de investigaciones cualitativas a nivel de barrio viceversa estudios cuantitativos a nivel nacional o regional. En un segundo paso, tomando el discurso sobre las pandillas juveniles centroamericanas como ejemplo, se muestra que no son los fenómenos de violencia en sí que desatan histerias de inseguridad o que provocan la implementación de políticas criminales represivas. Más bien, la percepción de y las reacciones a la inseguridad y la violencia se basan en discursos sociales acerca de estos fenómenos. (Resumen)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introducción: De las guerras civiles a la violencia delincuencial -- 2. Análisis de violencia en Centroamérica a nivel nacional y regional: la precariedad de la base empírica -- 3. Los aportes del microanálisis -- 4. La construcción social de la realidad violenta -- 5. El enfoque de análisis del discurso -- 6. El ejemplo del discurso sobre las maras y otras pandillas juveniles -- 7. A modo de conclusión: la necesidad de analizar el talk of crime centroamericano
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 32-38Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 78
    Book
    Book
    Brazil's nuclear policy : From technological dependence to civil nuclear power (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 23
    Keywords: Brasilien Ressource
    Abstract: Since March 2006 Brazil has been the ninth country to control the full nuclear fuel cycle. While the U.S. government bashes the uranium enrichment activities in Iran, it has come to an arrangement with the uranium enrichment in its backyard after transitional diplomatic tensions. As signer of the Non-Proliferation Treaty Brazil has the right to enrich uranium for peaceful use. This article focuses on the political motives and objectives connected with the domination of this key technology. Brasilia has been striving for regional leadership and participation in international decision making processes. In historical perspective the Brazilian enrichment procedure marks the liberation from the technological U.S. dependence. Brazil seems to be on the way to establish itself as a civil nuclear power in international relations.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 79
    Book
    Book
    The _politics of senatorial confirmations : A comparative study of Argentina and Brazil (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 22
    Keywords: Argentinien Brasilien ; Politisches System
    Abstract: Though an important function of the Latin American senates, the confirmation of presidential nominations has drawn little academic attention. This paper assesses empirically the way in which two Latin American upper chambers - the Argentine and Brazilian senates - made use of their confirmation prerogatives between 1989 and 2003, namely, if one of deference to the executive proposals or a more active role including both consultation and oversight. To do this, the article first analyses all nominations regarding outcome (confirmed, rejected and withdrawn) and length of process. Then, the similarities and differences are used to advance some explanatory hypotheses. Special attention is paid to the impact of political factors, mainly divided government, and institutional features, mainly the senates` internal rules for the organization of the legislative work.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 80
    Book
    Book
    Political parties in post-Suharto Indonesia : Between politik aliran and "Philippinisation" (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 37
    Keywords: Indonesien Politik und Gesellschaft ; Politischer Wandel ; Politische Partei
    Abstract: Surprisingly, the outcome of the 1999 and 2004 elections in Indonesia and the resultant constellation of political parties are reminiscent of the first Indonesian parliamentary democracy of the 1950s. The dynamics of party politics is still marked by aliran ('streams'), i.e. some of the biggest political parties still have a mass base and are embedded in specific milieus. But politik aliran has lost a lot of its significance and re-emerged in a quite different form after the fall of Suharto in 1998. Starting with this observation, it is argued that parties are still socially rooted, so a modified aliran approach still has its analytical value. However, one can also witness a weakening of aliran (dealiranisasi) and a concomitant 'Philippinisation', which is indicated by the rise of presidential or presidentialised parties, growing intra-party authoritarianism, the prevalence of 'money politics', the lack of meaningful political platforms, weak loyalties towards parties, cartels with shifting coalitions and the upsurge of new local elites.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 81
    Book
    Book
    Ten years after : Achievements and challenges of the Euro-Mediterranean economic and financial partnership (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 36
    Keywords: Europa Mittelmeerraum ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: EU and twelve countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) engaged in 1995 in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) in political, economic and cultural matters with the aim to foster cooperation, stability, and prosperity around the Mediterranean Basin. The Economic and Financial Partnership (EFP) plays a central role in the EMP design and implementation, which is centered on economic and trade integration as a starting point for and an anchor of socioeconomic development in the MENA region. Against this background, this paper reviews the situation in the MENA partner countries and the past performance of the EFP. It analyzes the association agreements, economic cooperation and financial assistance, discusses the major obstacles, and outlines the potential of the EFP to shape the European Neighborhood Policy.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 82
    Book
    Book
    Guatemala in the 1980s : A genocide turned into ethnocide? (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 19
    Keywords: Guatemala Völkermord
    Abstract: While the Guatemalan Truth Commission came to the conclusion that agents of the state had committed acts of genocide in the early 1980s, fundamental questions remain. Should we indeed speak of the massacres committed between 1981 and 1983 in Guatemala as "genocide", or would "ethnocide" be the more appropriate term? In addressing these questions, this paper focuses on the intentions of the perpetrators. Why did the Guatemalan military chose mass murder as the means to "solve the problem of subversion"? In Guatemala, the discourses of communist threat, racism and Pentecostal millenarism merged into the intent to destroy the Mayan population. This paper demonstrates that the initial policy of physical annihilation (genocidal option) was transformed into a policy of restructuring the sociocultural patterns of the Guatemalan highlands (ethnocidal option).
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 83
    Book
    Book
    Cultures of innovation of the African poor : Common roots, shared traits, joint prospects? On the articulation of multiple modernities in African societies and black diasporas in Latin America (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 25
    Keywords: Lateinamerika Benin ; Brasilien ; Haiti ; Afro-Amerikaner ; Kulturwandel ; Globalisierung, wirtschaftliche ; Wirtschaft, informelle
    Abstract: The globalized Western culture of innovation, as propagated by major aid institutions, does not necessarily lead to empowerment or improvement of the well-being of the stakeholders. On the contrary, it often blocks viable indigenous innovation cultures. In African societies and African Diasporas in Latin America, cultures of innovation largely accrue from the informal, not the formal sector. Crucial for their proper understanding is a threefold structural differentiation: between the formal and informal sector, within the informal sector, according to class, gender or religion, and between different transnational social spaces. Different innovation cultures may be complementary, mutually reinforcing, or conflicting, leading in extreme cases even to a `clash of cultures` at the local level. The repercussions of competing, even antagonistic agencies of innovative strategic groups are demonstrated, analyzing the case of the African poor in Benin and the African Diasporas of Brazil and Haiti.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 84
    Book
    Book
    Measuring the capability to raise revenue : Process and output dimensions and their application to the Zambian revenue authority (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 35
    Keywords: Sambia Finanzwesen ; Administration
    Abstract: The worldwide diffusion of the good governance agenda and new public management has triggered a renewed focus on state capability and, more specifically, on the capability to raise revenue in developing countries. However, the analytical tools for a comprehensive understanding of the capability to raise revenue remain underdeveloped. This article aims at filling this gap and presents a model consisting of the three process dimensions `information collection and processing`, `merit orientation` and `administrative accountability`. `Revenue performance` constitutes the fourth capability dimension which assesses tax administration`s output. This model is applied to the case of the Zambia Revenue Authority. The dimensions prove to be valuable not only for assessing the how much but also the how of collecting taxes. They can be a useful tool for future comparative analyses of tax administrations` capabilities in developing countries.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 85
    Book
    Book
    A _paradox of plenty? : Rent distribution and political stability in oil states (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 21
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer Erdöl
    Abstract: Resource curse theory claims that resource abundance encourages violent conflict. A study of 37 oil-producing developing countries, however, reveals that oil states with very high levels of oil revenue are remarkably stable. An analysis of the ways in which governments spend oil revenues identifies two distinct types of rentier systems - the large-scale distributive state and the patronage-based system - which are strongly linked to instability or its absence. However, some deviant cases, such as Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, illustrate the need for further research. Apparently, the notion of a "paradox of plenty" has neglected rentier mechanisms that avoid conflict.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 86
    Book
    Book
    How does neopatrimonialism affect the African state? : The case of tax collection in Zambia (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 32
    Keywords: Sambia Finanzwesen
    Abstract: Following the neopatrimonialism paradigm, it can be hypothesised that in African states informal politics of the rulers infringe on the collection of taxes and in turn reduce state revenues. This article tests this proposition for the case of Zambia. The main finding is that there is no linear correlation between a neopatrimonial system and the collection of taxes. Neopatrimonial continuity in the country is evidenced by three factors; the concentration of political power, the award of personal favours and the misuse of state resources. Despite this continuity, the revenue performance has increased considerably with the creation of the semi-autonomous Zambia Revenue Authority. This demonstrates that the effect of neopatrimonialism on public policy in the African state is highly context-specific and dependent on the interaction with additional variables. Donor pressure has been the most important in the Zambian case. In order to apply neopatrimonialism for further empirical work on public policy in the African state, these additional variables have to be incorporated into the analysis.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 87
    Book
    Book
    Regional monetary integration among developing countries : New opportunities for macroeconomic stability beyond the theory of optimum currency areas? (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 38
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Südafrika ; Ost-Asien ; Lateinamerika ; Wirtschaftlicher Aspekt ; Finanzwesen ; Geld
    Abstract: Optimum Currency Area (OCA) approaches turn to be inadequate in the analysis of the new regional monetary integration schemes that have sprung up among developing and emerging market economies. Instead, in accordance with the concept of `original sin` (Eichengreen et al.) we argue that regional monetary South-South integration schemes that, unlike North-South arrangements, involve none of the international reserve currencies, have specific monetary constraints and implications which need to be duly considered. A first comparative analysis of three cases of monetary South-South cooperation in South Africa (CMA), East Asia (ASEAN) and Latin America (Mercosur) shows that these can indeed provide macroeconomic stability gains but that this strongly depends on the existence of economic hierarchies within these integration schemes.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 88
    Book
    Book
    Exploding crime? : Topic management in central American newspapers (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 33
    Keywords: Costa Rica El Salvador ; Nicaragua ; Presse ; Gewalt
    Abstract: It has become common to state that criminal violence has superseded political violence in Central America. This paper presents the first results of a research project which analyses the social construction of violent realities in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua. The authors describe the print media landscape in Central America and examine both the quality of leading newspapers and the main clusters of topics constituting the news discourse on violence. The analysis of the macro-structure of topic management in Central American newspapers allows to differentiate the "talk of crime": it is more heterogeneous than often thought. There are signs that the problem of juvenile delinquency is emerging as the center of a cross-country discourse on "ordinary violence". On the other hand, the talk of crime is centered around few topic clusters, with sexual violence and border-related discourse on violence being of key importance. Finally, the paper points to a heterogeneous array of discourse events that is connected to political developments and power-relations.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 89
    Book
    Book
    Construyendo inseguridades : Aproximaciones a la violencia en Centroamérica desde el análisis del discurso (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 38 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 34
    Keywords: Mittelamerika Gewalt ; Sozialer Aspekt
    Abstract: In all Central American countries we witness a struggle to define, interpret and classify types of violence, delinquency, crime and (in)security. Although this struggle has highly relevant political and social implications, it has not been analyzed systematically. This article evaluates the state of the art and, based on methodological considerations, emphasizes the contribution of qualitative research on the local level in contrast to quantitative studies on the national or regional level. In a second step, using the discourse on Central American youth gangs as an example, the authors show that moral panic and repressive criminal policies are not direct consequences of the violence phenomena per se. Rather, the perception of and the reactions to insecurity and violence are based on social discourses about these phenomena.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 90
    Book
    Book
    The _emergence of a new "socialist" market labour regime in China (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 Bl.
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers 39
    Keywords: China Arbeiterklasse ; Arbeit ; Wirtschaftlicher Wandel
    Abstract: China`s transition to a market economy has been a process of basic institutional changes and institution building. The institutional change from a socialist labour regime (SLR) as one of the backbones upholding the traditional leninist system to a new `socialist` market labour regime (SMLR) became particularly important for the success of economic and political reforms. This analysis is based on the analytical framework of regimes and makes use of the idea of path dependence. An ensemble of institutions, mutually interconnected and influencing each other, forms the regime and shapes its trajectory. Six institutions are identified to constitute the employment regime: (1) the system of social control, (2) the production system, (3) the system of industrial relations, (4) the welfare system, (5) the family order, and (6) the educational system. The SMLR is still characterised by its socialist past and differs from other varieties of transformation labour regimes and bears little resemblance to labour regimes in Western market economies.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploding crime? : Topic management in central American newspapers (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 33
    Keywords: Costa Rica El Salvador ; Nicaragua ; Presse ; Gewalt
    Abstract: It has become common to state that criminal violence has superseded political violence in Central America. This paper presents the first results of a research project which analyses the social construction of violent realities in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua. The authors describe the print media landscape in Central America and examine both the quality of leading newspapers and the main clusters of topics constituting the news discourse on violence. The analysis of the macro-structure of topic management in Central American newspapers allows to differentiate the "talk of crime": it is more heterogeneous than often thought. There are signs that the problem of juvenile delinquency is emerging as the center of a cross-country discourse on "ordinary violence". On the other hand, the talk of crime is centered around few topic clusters, with sexual violence and border-related discourse on violence being of key importance. Finally, the paper points to a heterogeneous array of discourse events that is connected to political developments and power-relations. (Abstract)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Approaching Central American Violence -- 3. Why and How To Analyse Central American Newspapers? -- 4. The Central American Print Media Landscape -- 5. Violence as News: Seven Clusters of Topics -- 6. Concluding Remarks: Manifestations of Violence in Print Media Discourse
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher SpracheLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 29-32
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A _paradox of plenty? : Rent distribution and political stability in oil states (2006)
    Hamburg : GIGA
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    Series Statement: GIGA Working Papers no. 21
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer Erdöl ; Gewalt
    Abstract: Resource curse theory claims that resource abundance encourages violent conflict. A study of 37 oil-producing developing countries, however, reveals that oil states with very high levels of oil revenue are remarkably stable. An analysis of the ways in which governments spend oil revenues identifies two distinct types of rentier systems - the large-scale distributive state and the patronage-based system - which are strongly linked to instability or its absence. However, some deviant cases, such as Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, illustrate the need for further research. Apparently, the notion of a "paradox of plenty" has neglected rentier mechanisms that avoid conflict. (Abstract)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Frobenius-Institut
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...